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TECHNOLOGY FACILITATOR’S GUIDE
Grade 9
A member of the FUTURELEARN group
Technology Facilitator’s guide
1809-E-TEC-FG01
Í2)È-E-TEC-FG01ÂÎ
Grade 9
CAPS aligned
S Jordaan FI le Roux JC le Roux J Lubbinge HA Saaiman JJ Saaiman A Schwartz M Smit
Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ Technology
Contents PREFACE............................................................................................................................ 6 TIMETABLE AND TIME MANAGEMENT............................................................................ 6 ASSESSMENT REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................... 7 STUDY TIPS ...................................................................................................................... 8 SUBJECT CONTENT AND PLANNING.............................................................................. 9 TERM 1: UNIT 1: Design skills........................................................................................ 10 LESSON 1: Drawing standards............................................................................. 12 Activity 1 MEMORANDUM..................................................................................... 15 LESSON 2: First angle orthographic projection..................................................... 16 Activity 2.1 MEMORANDUM.................................................................................. 16 Activity 2.2 MEMORANDUM.................................................................................. 19 LESSON 3: Artistic drawing................................................................................... 25 Activity 3 MEMORANDUM..................................................................................... 26 LESSON 4: Isometric projection............................................................................ 29 Activity 4.1............................................................................................................. 29 Activity 4.1 MEMORANDUM.................................................................................. 32 Activity 4.2............................................................................................................. 33 Activity 4.2 MEMORANDUM.................................................................................. 35 Activity 4.3............................................................................................................. 36 Activity 4.3 MEMORANDUM.................................................................................. 40 TERM 1: UNIT 2: Structures............................................................................................. 45 LESSON 5: Forces and loads ............................................................................... 46 Activity 5.1 MEMORANDUM.................................................................................. 46 Activity 5.2 MEMORANDUM.................................................................................. 48 Activity 5.3 MEMORANDUM.................................................................................. 50 Activity 5.4 MEMORANDUM.................................................................................. 51 LESSON 6: Properties of materials ..................................................................... 52 Activity 6 MEMORANDUM..................................................................................... 55 LESSON 7: Costing of products ......................................................................... 56 Activity 7 MEMORANDUM..................................................................................... 60 TERM 2: UNIT 3: Mechanical systems and control ...................................................... 67 LESSON 8: Pneumatic and hydraulic systems...................................................... 68 Activity 8.1 – 8.3.................................................................................................... 68 Activity 8.4 MEMORANDUM................................................................................. 68 LESSON 9: Hydraulic press and hydraulic jack..................................................... 70 Activity 9 MEMORANDUM..................................................................................... 70 LESSON 10: Pulleys and mechanical control systems ........................................ 72 Activity 10 MEMORANDUM................................................................................... 72 LESSON 11: Gears................................................................................................ 74 Activity 11.1 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 74
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Activity 11.2 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 76 Activity 11.3 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 79 Activity 11.4 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 79 TERM 3: UNIT 4: Electrical and electronic systems ..................................................... 89 LESSON 12: Symbols for components and circuits.............................................. 92 Activity 12.1 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 92 Activity 12.2 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 93 LESSON 13: Ohm’s law ........................................................................................ 94 Activity 13.1 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 94 Activity 13.2 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 95 LESSON 14: Resistors.......................................................................................... 96 Activity 14.1 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 96 Activity 14.2 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 97 LESSON 15: Electronic systems .......................................................................... 99 Activity 15.1 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 99 Activity 15.2 MEMORANDUM.............................................................................. 100 LESSON 16: Sensors.......................................................................................... 102 Activity 16.1 MEMORANDUM.............................................................................. 102 Activity 16.2 MEMORANDUM.............................................................................. 103 Activity 16.3 MEMORANDUM.............................................................................. 103 Activity 16.4 MEMORANDUM.............................................................................. 104 LESSON 17: Circuit construction techniques...................................................... 105 TERM 4: UNIT 5: Processing ........................................................................................ 109 LESSON 18: Processing of metals...................................................................... 110 Activity 18 MEMORANDUM................................................................................. 110 LESSON 19: Food processing..............................................................................111 Activity 19............................................................................................................ 112 Activity 19 MEMORANDUM................................................................................ 112 LESSON 20: Food preservation.......................................................................... 114 Activity 20.1 ........................................................................................................ 114 Activity 20.1 MEMORANDUM.............................................................................. 114 Activity 20.2 ........................................................................................................ 115 Activity 20.2 MEMORANDUM............................................................................. 115 LESSON 21: Convenience food.......................................................................... 116 Activity 21............................................................................................................ 116 Activity 21 MEMORANDUM................................................................................. 116 LESSON 22: Food packaging.............................................................................. 116 Activity 22............................................................................................................ 116 Activity 22 MEMORANDUM................................................................................. 117 LESSON 23: Processing of plastic...................................................................... 117 Activity 23............................................................................................................ 118 Activity 23 MEMORANDUM................................................................................. 118
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ADDENDUM A: Important terminology......................................................................... 123 ADDENDUM B: Squared paper...................................................................................... 125 ADDENDUM C: Isometric paper.................................................................................... 127 ADDENDUM D: Resistor colour codes......................................................................... 129
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SUBJECT CONTENT AND PLANNING UNIT 1
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LESSON TERM 1 LESSON 1: Drawing standards LESSON 2: First angle orthographic projection LESSON 3: Artistic drawing LESSON 4: Isometric projection LESSON 5: Forces and loads LESSON 6: Properties of materials LESSON 7: Costing of products PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK TERM 2 LESSON 8: Pneumatic and hydraulic systems LESSON 9: Hydraulic press and hydraulic jack LESSON 10: Pulleys and mechanical control systems LESSON 11: Gears PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK TERM 3 LESSON 12: Symbols for components and circuits LESSON 13: Ohm’s law LESSON 14: Resistors LESSON 15: Electronic systems LESSON 16: Sensors LESSON 17: Circuit construction techniques PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK TERM 4 LESSON 18: Processing of metals LESSON 19: Food processing LESSON 20: Food preservation LESSON 21: Convenience food LESSON 22: Food packaging LESSON 23: Processing of plastic PRACTICAL ASSESSMENT TASK
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HOURS 2 2 2 ½ 12 2 2 2 2 7 2 2 4 2 9 2 2 2 2 6
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TERM 1
UNIT 1: Design skills
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After learners have completed this unit, they must be able to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of: Communication ○○ Drawing conventions ○○ First angle orthographic projection ○○ Artistic drawing ○○ Isometric drawing
Introduction
Graphics are images visible on paper, walls, canvas, stone, etc. Graphic forms include drawings, photographs, diagrams, graphs, etc. In technology graphics are used to: • develop ideas in the form of an initial sketch that will lead to the final design • communicate ideas and designs in the form of an internationally accepted language When an object is to be designed, it must be sketched and drawn to: • give the reader an idea of the nature and appearance of the object • give the reader specific dimensions of the object as well as the scale of the drawing
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IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY Isometric projection A method of three dimensional (3-D) drawing that uses lines drawn at 30º.
Orthographic projection A two dimensional (2-D) drawing used to produce a working drawing, usually showing three separate views of the same object.
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Artistic drawing
When advanced techniques such as colour, texture, shading, shadows and perspective are used to create a drawing that resembles reality.
LESSON 1: Drawing standards Instructions 1. 2. 3.
Ensure learners have all the necessary equipment. Additional exercises in this guide may be used to help learners gain a better understanding. Complete Activity 1 in the study guide.
Additional exercise This may be used to help learners. Line types Instructions Use a square to practise the following line types: 1. Outline 2. Construction line 3. Dashed line 4. Centre line 5. Dimension line Š Impaq
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MEMORANDUM 2)
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4 and 5)
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SCALE Instructions Draw the given object (10 mm x 10 mm) in true size to the following scales:
1. 1:1 2. 2:1
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MEMORANDUM 1.
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VIEWS Instructions Use the object below to indicate the following views: 1. Red – Top view 2. Yellow – Side view 3. Blue – Front view 1.
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MEMORANDUM 1.
Top view
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Side view
Front view
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Activity 1 MEMORANDUM Instructions 1.
Study the drawing below and identify the application of the different types of lines as indicated in the word bank. Complete the table below.
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Dimension line / Outline / Construction line / Centre line / Measurement line / Hidden details Table Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Type of line Dimension line Outline Construction line Construction line Outline Centre line Dimension line
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Hidden details
Description of the line Thin, medium, continuous Thick, dark, continuous Thin, faint, continuous Thin, faint, continuous Thick, dark, continuous Thin, medium, long and chained dash lines Thin, medium, continuous with arrowheads at the start and end with the dimension indication Thin, medium and chained dashed lines
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LESSON 2: First angle orthographic projection Instructions 1. 2. 3.
Ensure learners have the necessary equipment. Build the model in Activity 2.1 in the study guide. First build the model and then draw the first angle orthographic projection in Activity 2.2 in the study guide.
Activity 2.1 MEMORANDUM Instruction This activity must preferably be done with the learners to help them understand the concept of 2-D and orthographic sketches. First angle projection 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Copy the page for the learners and let them cut out the model as well as the designated area. Build the model by folding it and sticking it together with the tabs. Use 6 mm doublesided tape, which works very well for this. Fold the three sides of the cut-out area as shown in the sketch. Place the object right in the corner, now it can be viewed from the front, top and left. You can trace the edges of the object on the areas if you want to. Now fold the area completely flat and open on the table. You will see that the shape you have traced is on one block of the area.
Conclusion You can observe why each view has its location on the paper. Note: There is usually a space of 10 mm in orthographic sketches to avoid confusion with the views.
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Activity 2.2 MEMORANDUM Instructions 1. 2.
Copy the page for the learners and let them build the model. Let the learners draw the first angle orthographic projection.
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TAB
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TAB TAB
TAB FIRST ANGLE/ EERSTEHOEKS
LESSON 2 ACTIVITY 2 / LES 2 AKTIWITEIT 2
TAB
TECHNOLOGY/ TEGNOLOGIE DRAWING SHEET/ TEKENBLAD
TAB
TAB
TA B
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GRADE/ GRAAD 9
NAME/ NAAM:
TAB
TAB TAB TAB TAB
TAB
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Unit Facilitator’s Guide G09 ~ Technology
TAB TAB TAB
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NAME/ NAAM:
GRADE/ GRAAD 9
TECHNOLOGY/ TEGNOLOGIE DRAWING SHEET/ TEKENBLAD
LESSON 2 ACTIVITY 2 / LES 2 AKTIWITEIT 2 FIRST ANGLE/ EERSTEHOEKS
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Draw the first angle orthographic projection These two objects must be drawn in first angle orthographic projection. Draw the front view, the top view and the left view of each of the two objects. These drawings are the isometric drawings of the two objects.
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