BUILDING SOCIAL COHESION SUPPORTED BY:
The Inclusive Society Institute expresses its appreciation to the In Transformation Initiative, who’s contribution has enabled the implementation of the roundtable dialogues reported on in this publication.
BUILDING SOCIAL COHESION
In support of efforts to promote social cohesion in South Africa, the Inclusive Society Institute hosted a series of roundtable dialogues to reinforce nation-building and reconciliation in the country. It forms part of the institute’s broader efforts aimed at promoting a cohesive inclusive society. The roundtable dialogues covered in this report relate to the institute’s engagement with the Afrikaans-speaking community. The ongoing broader programme will also engage the other minority communities of the country, and it will facilitate inter-community dialogue aimed at building a common South African identity.
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Copyright Š 2020 Inclusive Society Institute 132 Adderley Street Cape Town, 8000 South Africa
NPO Registration: 235-515
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Inclusive Society Institute
DISCLAIMER Views expressed in this report do not necessarily represent the views of the Inclusive Society Institute or those of their respective Board or Council members.
All records and findings included in this roundtable report, stem from the discussions that took place during the social cohesion roundtable dialogues on the role and place of the Afrikaans-speaking community, which were held in Cape Town on the 11th of February 2020 and Pretoria on the 18th of February 2020.
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CONTENT Setting the scene for the roundtable on the role and place of the Afrikaans-speaking community in South African society | Keith Khoza | Board Member of the Inclusive Society Institute
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Purpose and objectives | Daryl Swanepoel | Chief Executive Officer of the Inclusive Society Institute
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Executive Summary | Roelf Meyer | Director, In Transformation Initiative
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Social Cohesion survey
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Recommendations
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A message to the Afrikaans Community | Paul Mashatile | Treasurer General of the African National Congress
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Protecting the identity of the Coloured Community in South Africa | Dr Ruben Richards | Chairperson of the Ruben Richards Foundation
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Inclusive economic growth key to social cohesion | Theo Vorster | Chief Executive Officer of Galileo Capital
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Summary of the open discussion: Working together to build on nation
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Annexure A: Tabulated list of concerns
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Annexure B: Action plan
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KEITH KHOZA | BOARD MEMBER OF THE INCLUSIVE SOCIETY INSTITUTE
SETTING THE SCENE FOR THE DIALOGUE WITH THE AFRIKAANS-SPEAKING COMMUNITY
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M
r Keith Khoza, a member of the Inclusive Society Institute’s Board, in his welcome remarks at the
Pretoria dialogue, set the scene for the evening’s discussion.
He said that 1994 was a watershed year in this country, where we embarked on a journey to redefine ourselves as a people, as a nation, and as a new democra-
As an institute we are very aware of
This platform that the Inclusive Society
cy. It came with all sorts of challenges,
the many challenges that the nation is
Institute is creating, we trust, will
problems, and learning to co-exist and
facing, including the important issue of
make a meaningful contribution to reig-
to embrace each other. Twenty-five
social cohesion. That is why we believe
niting our nation’s dream of an inclusive
years later, we are still walking that
these conversations to be crucial.
society that works for all who live in it,
journey. We have not yet achieved all the
At times, they may not be comforta-
black and white.
milestones we have set ourselves – to
ble conversations to have, they are
be a vibrant nation and a formidable
complex issues that need interrogation,
Likewise, Ms Sue van der Merwe, the
force in the rest of Africa. Clearly then,
analysis, understanding and compro-
institute’s Chairperson, introduced
we have a huge task ahead of us and
mise – not always easy content to deal
the proceedings at the Cape Town
that is why conversations such as these
with. But we have to do it.
dialogue.
being organised by the Inclusive Society Institute are so important.
As a diverse nation we need to continuously reach out in an effort to find each other and understand where we come from, where we are going, and to agree amongst ourselves what the legacy is that we wish to bequeath the generations to follow. We want a South Africa that can be proud of itself.
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PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES DARYL SWANEPOEL | CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF THE INCLUSIVE SOCIETY INSTITUTE
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T
he Inclusive Society Institute has identified social cohesion as a theme that needs critical attention in our country. It
recognises that nation-building and reconciliation are vital components that are required to build a cohesive nation capable of providing growth and stability for society as a whole. The institute is concerned with a sense of dissipa-
negative narrative promoting racial in-
pursuit of nation-building, reconciliation
tion of South Africa being the rainbow
tolerance and suggestions of alienation
and the harnessing of all the country’s
nation. It shares the view of the African
amongst certain sectors of the com-
talents in pursuit of a common future
National Congress (as expressed in the
munity. It believes that the tendency by
that benefits society as a unit.
2020 January the 8th Statement and by
some to stereotype communities based
President Ramaphosa in his 2020 State
on the actions of certain individuals
This phase of the social cohesion pro-
of the Nation Address) that this national
is harming the national project which
gramme entails a series of roundtable
question deserves the urgent attention
requires all groups in society to work
discussions with the various minority
of South Africa’s policymakers.
together as co-builders of the country.
communities in the country. It is important for policymakers to understand
With this in mind, the institute has
This dialogue on the role and place of the
the psyche of these communities. The
embarked on an extensive programme to
Afrikaans-speaking community, forms
institute is, however, of the opinion
analyse the current state of demograph-
part of the institute’s broader social
that just as important an issue is the
ic cohesion in the country. It intends to
cohesion programme. It seeks to test
breaking down of the silo-effect and
develop a set of proposals that could
the attitudes and perceptions of this
that much more effort is required around
help guide public policymakers in their
particular community as to their commit-
inter-community interaction aimed at
promotion of a common South African-
ment and sense of belonging. It also aims
promoting a better understanding of our
ism that works for the nation as whole.
to direct policymakers to the issues in
fellow South Africans. To this end, the
society that drive a wedge between com-
next phase of the programme will focus
munities, and which need attention in
on these aspects.
The institute is concerned with the
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ROELF MEYER | DIRECTOR, IN TRANSFORMATION INITIATIVE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
T
he Inclusive Society Institute
its place and role within the country, as
held two roundtable discus-
well as their experiences in the promo-
sions on the role of the Afri-
tion of social cohesion and national unity.
kaans-speaking community in
linguistic, racial and cultural histories. Overall, participants expressed their commitment and hope that the issues
South Africa. The first was held on the
Additionally, the engagements also
plaguing South Africa can be resolved,
11th of February 2020 in Cape Town and
served as an opportunity to bring the
despite echoes of frustration and
the second on the 18th of February 2020
concerns of citizens to the attention of
scepticism regarding the political will
in Pretoria. Invited guests ranged from
national leadership and policymakers,
from national leadership to consider the
academics to community activists, pri-
and develop policy recommendations
concerns and issues expressed.
vate sector business leaders, members
that will allow the Afrikaans-speaking
of the clergy, entrepreneurs, economists,
community to fully contribute to the
All participants agreed that there is
members of the judiciary, government
development of an inclusive society and
a need for pragmatic solutions in the
representatives, members of the media
economy in South Africa.
country which can be achieved through
and film sector, civil society organisation representatives and educators.
collaborative efforts by government, The roundtable discussions revealed ar-
the private sector and civil society. The
eas of alignment, disagreement and lack
Afrikaans-speaking community expressed
The aim of the discussions was to
of clarity pertaining to the definition of a
a keen desire to be involved in these
achieve a better understanding of how
South African’s national identity and how
processes and believe they can also be
the Afrikaans-speaking community views
this is informed by the individual’s ethnic,
providers of critical solutions to issues of
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KEY TAKEOUTS • The Inclusive Society Institute held two roundtable discussions on the role of the Afrikaans-speaking community in South Africa. • Keynote speakers for the events were Ruben Richards of the Ruben Richards Foundation (Cape Town) and Theo Vorster, an economic commentator and CEO of Galileo Capital (Pretoria). • The primary focus of the Inclusive Society Institute is to promote a more inclusive society by creating a platform where discourse around often divisive topics can be conducted through engaging with diverse and representative groups. • The majority of participants continue to feel a sense of hope and optimism for the future of the country, despite many frustrations and challenges. • Several participants reiterated that the Afrikaans-speaking community is not one of homogeneity nor one without its contradictions and complexities and should, therefore, also not
•
• •
•
be approached with the stereotypes that have been historically associated with this community. It is important that minorities are included in these types of discussions towards contributing to the narrative regarding national unity, national policy and the effectiveness and implementation of principles set out in the constitution. The current state of the economy is adversely affecting social cohesion and inclusive growth in South Africa. The Inclusive Society Institute is committed to conducting future dialogue discussions of this nature, towards engaging with more participants in a structured manner and influencing different role players in the country. The Institute can provide valuable insights into areas of alignment or division through facilitating robust discussions and providing analysis and research into public policies and issues of national interest.
unemployment, service delivery, training
Afrikaans-speaking community is not
intervention and guidance from leadership
and skills transfer and economic growth.
one of homogeneity, nor one without its
will be necessary for any improvement in
contradictions and complexities
the current economic growth trajectory.
However, most participants had the per-
and should, therefore, also not be
The adverse effect of BBBEE and affirma-
ception that there was a lack of political
approached with the stereotypes that
tive action was also emphasised by many
will to implement recommendations
have historically been associated with
of the participants. Some argued that
and to address the issues expressed
this community.
the legislation surrounding these policies
through dialogue initiatives. This per-
does not benefit the intended recipients
ception, be it real or not, continues to
Additional key issues that were ex-
and contributes to a lack of business
deepen the apathy among citizens. Con-
pressed during both discussion sessions
growth, as well as the loss of critical
sequently, this makes the mobilisation
included the lack of clear and consistent
skills from the country.
and motivation of citizens to contribute
leadership required to inspire citizens
to the development of the country, that
to reclaim their agency in contributing
Additionally, clarification is required
much more difficult.
to national unity, nation building and
around some of the key issues such
social cohesion. The continued discrim-
as the definition of the South African
It was generally expressed that members
ination against minority groups as a
identity, the narrative of national unity,
of the Afrikaans-speaking community,
result of divisive political messaging and
property rights, land redistribution and
including both White and Coloured people,
exclusionary national polices was also a
the current status of constitutional
need to be involved and give their input
cause for concern.
principles, among others. Guidance
in shaping the narrative around social co-
from national leadership on these
hesion, legislation, political participation
Moreover, there are high levels of concern
issues is needed in order to remove
and economic empowerment.
regarding the current economic cli-
uncertainty and provide a degree of
mate. Given the uncertainty created by
clarity to industry stakeholders,
prolonged economic stagnation, urgent
investors and society in general.
Several participants reiterated that the
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SOCIAL COHESION SURVEY T
he composition of the two
a questionnaire was developed which
roundtables covered in this
probed the attitudes of the attendees
report, the institute consid-
on a range of issues that would allow
The twelve questions posed,
ers generally representative
for a broad assessment of this
could be divided into three broad
of the broader Afrikaans-speaking
specific community’s commitment
themes:
community in South Africa. The
to the new democratic dispensation
roundtables served as focus groups to
in South Africa, the issues in society
Theme one tested their willingness
test their attitudinal sentiments as it
that they find most concerning and
to be co-builders of South Africa and
relates to their role and place in soci-
the prospect of their social integration
their acceptance of the
ety. To further assist in the analysis,
into an inclusive society, free from
rainbow nation’ concept.
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discrimination and racial division.
Interpretation The overall conclusion to be drawn from the responses to the questions posed under theme one is that there is a high • Do you believe that, as a mem-
• Do you believe that Afrikaans
ber of the Afrikaans community,
people and/or their culture are
you can make a meaningful
being discriminated against?
contribution to build and sustain an inclusive society in South Africa? • Do you identify with the follow-
• Do you think the Afrikaans language is being marginalised? • Do you believe that the new (younger) generation
ing statement? A modern-day
of Afrikaans people are still
Afrikaans citizen is one that
being held accountable for the
is in touch with the times,
actions and decisions of the
identifies as African, and expe-
previous regime?
riences/accepts other cultures
• Do you experience a sense of
without fear of having to give
solidarity between the various
up his/her own cultural identity.
racial groups in the country?
commitment across both groups to the building of a sustainable and inclusive South Africa. Ninety-six percent of the respondents in Cape Town and 100% of the respondents in Pretoria (98% average) believe they can make a positive contribution to the building of a shared future in South Africa. An average of 86% of the respondents across both groups identify themselves as [South] African and accept the other cultures of the country, without the fear of having to give up their own culture. At 95% this sentiment was especially high in the Pretoria group, but at 74% somewhat lower, yet still high, in the Cape Town
The second theme tested whether
The third theme served to test the
they felt a sense of belonging in the
community’s confidence in South
country, and gave insight into whether
Africa, and thus the likeliness of them
they believed their rights as an Afri-
committing themselves and their
kaans-speaking community were being
families to the long-term future of the
upheld. This test gave an indication
country. It is also important for the
as to whether they considered them-
country to retain the skill sets
selves to be valued as equal citizens
contained within the Afrikaans com-
and whether they had confidence in the
munity. This theme also specifically
country’s capacity to move beyond race-
tested their susceptibility to emigration.
based policy dialogue.
tal rights are being recognised in South Africa? • Do you feel excluded from political decisions and policymaking?
conclusion to be drawn is that given the right motivation and support, the Afrikaans-speaking community will respond enthusiastically to a call to build a united, non-racial, non-sexist South Africa. However, despite the high levels of aspiration to be part of the solution, from the responses it is evident that the Afrikaans-speaking community do not share the belief that the policymakers in South
• Do you feel economically secure? • Do you feel that your fundamen-
group. Given these statistics, the fair
• Do you have confidence in the future of the country? • Do you feel safe in the country (physically)? • Have you considered emigrating?
Africa share such sentiment. The trends in both Cape Town and Pretoria were similar in all the questions designed to elicit an understanding of their sense of inclusion. Fifty-nine percent of the respondents were of the opinion that their fundamental rights are not being recognised, 73% feel excluded from
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political decisions and policymaking, and
There is a general lack of confidence in
anomaly, nevertheless, with an average
63% believe that Afrikaans people and/
their economic future. Only 41% of the
of 42% of respondents indicating that
or their culture are being discriminated
respondents in Cape Town and 35% of
they have considered emigration, given
against. In terms of their thinking that
the respondents in Pretoria feel econom-
the necessity to retain skills and capital
the Afrikaans language is being mar-
ically secure. Even more alarming was
in South Africa, this is an aspect that
ginalised, here too, both the Cape Town
their sense of not being physically safe
deserves further investigation.
and Pretoria groups recorded a high
in the country. In this regard, only 15%
level of discontent, albeit somewhat
of the respondents in Cape Town and
The correlation between the two
higher in Cape Town (Cape Town 78%,
24% of the respondents in Pretoria feel
concepts of still holding the younger
Pretoria 54%, Average 64%). In terms of
physically safe in South Africa.
generation accountable for the actions
their conviction that the new (younger)
and decisions of the previous regime and
generation of Afrikaans people are still
That being said, the aforementioned
their susceptibility to emigration has not
being held accountable for the actions
negativity was not reflected to the
been tested. In this regard a follow-up
and decisions of the previous regime,
same degree in their general sense
study will be undertaken to determine
a staggering 86% believe it to be the
of confidence in the country’s future,
whether there is such a link, and whether
case, although in this instance, at 91%,
although there was a considerable
the notion of emigration is confined to
it was the Pretoria group that felt more
differentiation to be made between
specific generational strata or not.
strongly so. In Cape Town it was 78% of
the Cape Town and Pretoria groups.
the respondents that felt so.
Sixty-eight percent of the respondents in the Pretoria group have confidence
To reach the goal of an inclusive society
The general sense of exclusion reflected
in the country’s future. The percentage
in the aforementioned statistics has
of Cape Town respondents that have
From the aforementioned analysis,
distinctly resulted in the conviction that
confidence in the country’s future was
it can be deduced that, in terms of
there is a lack of solidarity between the
significantly lower (44%). The average
creating an inclusive society, a signif-
various racial groups in the country. Only
between the two groups stood at 58%.
icant trust deficit exists between the
30% of respondents believe such solidari-
The same schizophrenia was detected
Afrikaans-speaking community and the
ty exists (Cape Town 22%, Pretoria 35%).
in the responses to whether they had
country’s policymakers. In itself, this
considered emigration. Whilst only 35%
should be a cause for concern in terms
Also on the negative side, both in terms
of the respondents in Pretoria consider
of the stated objective of promoting
of their current levels of confidence in
emigration as an option, this grew to
social cohesion. On the positive side,
the country, and in their own personal
52% of the respondents in Cape Town. It
however, the policymakers will find the
futures, the statistics are quite glaring.
is not clear what has given rise to this
Afrikaans-speaking community receptive to programmes designed to promote their inclusion and mainstreaming into the public policy processes and implementation programmes of the state, as well as into the broader society. In doing so, policymakers should design strategies that aim to remove the concerns that have been clearly identified in this research as inhibitors to integration.
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SOCIAL COHESION SURVEY The role and place of the Afrikaans community in South African society
QUESTIONNAIRE
YES CPT
YES PTA
YES TOTAL
96%
100%
98%
2. Do you feel that your fundamental rights are being recognised in South Africa?
59%
59%
59%
3. Do you feel economically secure?
41%
35%
38%
4. Do you have confidence in the future of the country?
44%
68%
58%
5. Do you feel excluded from political decisions and policymaking?
78%
70%
73%
6. Do you feel safe in the country (physically)?
15%
24%
20%
67%
59%
63%
8. Have you considered emigrating?
52%
35%
42%
9. Do you think the Afrikaans language is being marginalised?
78%
54%
64%
78%
91%
86%
22%
35%
30%
74%
95%
86%
1. Do you believe that, as a member of the Afrikaans community, you can make a meaningful contribution to build and sustain an inclusive society in South Africa?
7. Do you believe that Afrikaans people and/or their culture are being discriminated against?
10. Do you believe that the new (younger) generation of Afrikaans people are still being held accountable for the actions and decisions of the previous regime? 11. Do you experience a sense of solidarity between the various racial groups in the country? 12. Do you identify with the following statement? A modern-day Afrikaans citizen is one that is in touch with the times, identifies as African, and experiences/accepts other cultures without fear of having to give up his/her own cultural identity.
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RECOMMENDATIONS The following recommendations have emerged from the roundtable dialogue sessions held in Cape Town and Pretoria. 1. Encourage participation and collaboration through future dialogue and community programmes The roll-out of community-focused engagement aimed at educating citizens on the principles of democracy and active citizen participation, will serve to empower members of society and shape the narrative regarding political participation and social cohesion. These programmes can also contribute to the development of innovative solutions for issues affecting communities and inform the younger generation’s understanding of national identity. Committing to future dialogue between government leaders and citizens can help to promote national unity among South Africans feeling excluded from decision-making processes and consultations. Moreover, workshops aimed at finding practical solutions to issues and blockages can restore citizens’
agency and motivate them to be active participants in building South Africa. Robust, honest engagements need to take place regarding what is required to move the country forward. People from all races, ethnicities and cultures must be considered contributors in finding solutions, regardless of their political affiliations. Improved collaboration between government and the private sector is needed to combat unemployment and implement training and skills transfer programmes in accordance with the needs of the economy. Moreover, the absorption of university graduates into the workforce is something that needs to urgently be addressed.
2. Shape the narrative of non-racialism Government is encouraged to re-assess the use of language regarding racial differentiation such as ‘Blacks in general and Africans in particular’, in an effort to confront the exclusion and discrimination experienced by minority groups that fall outside of these parameters. Moreover, strategic and deliberate decisions pertaining to the messaging on national policy and critical matters affecting society, must be taken to inspire and motivate citizens to take
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action. This can also serve to combat the current disconnect experienced between leadership and communities that feel excluded from the agenda. Lastly, public officials are urged to steer away from stereotyping and generalisations when making public pronouncements which include racial aspects, as this has a demoralising effect on minority groups, especially those that have come to the party in terms of taking action and providing support.
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3. Define the vision for South Africa and promote partnerships The leadership in South Africa need to define the future envisioned for South Africa. Clarity is required on the definition of the new South Africa and what leadership is going to do to achieve this image in the country. People need motivation from leadership.
Furthermore, improved collaboration between government and the private sector is vital to combat unemployment and implement training and skills transfer programmes in accordance with the needs of the economy.
4. Provide inspirational, transparent and accountable leadership Address the messages coming from government leaders that discredit constitutional values and re-establish the sense of discipline amongst leaders. South Africans, regardless of ethnicity or culture will support this when seen in practice. Don’t use political power to oppress minorities or exclude certain races from the decision-making processes. Follow the
prescripts of the constitution of equality and fairness and justice for all people and give every race an opportunity to participate in all sectors of the country. Government must hold those found to be involved in corruption to account. Visible consequences must be implemented for citizens to see that government is serious about condemning and combatting corruption.
5. Clarity and reflection on legislation Leadership is encouraged to reflect on the intended versus the applied impact of policies. In the case of BBBEE and affirmative action, government could consider reform regarding the implantation of these policies to avoid the current adverse effects experienced by workforces, industry and private sector business. It should be an enabler for business to grow, develop and benefit the intended benefices. Drastic intervention is needed in the education sector. Educators require support from government pertaining to a
lack of resources and well-trained educators. The suggestion is to address the shortage in teachers by re-opening education colleges and training colleges for teachers. Moreover, citizens require clarity and certainty from government on areas such as property rights, land redistribution without compensation, the National Democratic Revolution (NDR), economic reforms, the protection of the Judiciary and the status of Constitution following the effects of State Capture.
6. Mentorship initiatives There remains a great sense of optimism and willingness among the Afrikaans-speaking community and business to work together, mobilise and collaborate with government. Citizens are willing, able and skilled to participate in programmes that promote the transfer of skills and establishing mentoring programmes throughout various sectors and trades in the country. It is recommended that leadership consider collaborating with private business stakeholders and skilled artisans in
establishing training and mentoring programmes that can offer young people, graduates and unskilled workers opportunities to learn from experienced professionals and receive the support needed for the development of scarce skills, business growth and entrepreneurial enterprises. Additionally, leadership can also consider approaching inactive or retired professionals and experienced stakeholders as participants in these mentorship programmes, thus making use of this currently overlooked yet available group of citizens.
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PAUL MASHATILE | TREASURER GENERAL OF THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
A MESSAGE TO THE AFRIKAANS COMMUNITY: SOUTH AFRICA IS YOUR HOMELAND TOO 16
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T
he focus of this address was
In the article, Seme wrote: “The demon
to say: “It was a conference of races
on the ANC’s commitment to
of racialism, the aberrations of the
and of nations – many of whose ranks
an inclusive society and the
Xosa-Fingo feud, the animosity that ex-
had been devastated by the demon of
actions taken by the ANC to
ists between the Zulus and the Tongas,
inter-tribal strife and jealousy.”
promote social cohesion:
between the Basutos and every other native must be buried and forgotten; it
The Freedom Charter, which was
The release of Mr. Nelson Mandela on
has shed among us sufficient blood! We
adopted in Kliptown in 1956, reflects
the 11th of February 1990 was high-
are one people. These divisions, these
the views of South Africans from all
lighted as the day when South Africa
jealousies, are the cause of all our
corners of the country. Most profoundly,
was placed firmly on a path to unity,
woes and of all our backwardness and
this people’s document declared boldly
reconciliation and democracy.
ignorance today.”
that South Africa belonged to all who live in it, Black and White.
“During my lifetime I have dedicated
It was this article that laid the basis
myself to this struggle of the African
for the formation, in 1912, of the South
Even during the dark and difficult
people. I have fought against white
African Native National Congress, which
days of banning, exile, mass
domination, and I have fought against
later became the African National
detentions, torture, political
black domination. I have cherished the
Congress. The article was the founding
persecutions, assassinations
ideal of a democratic and free society
document of the ANC.
and killings by the apartheid regime,
in which all persons live together in
the ANC remained steadfast in calling
harmony and with equal opportunities.
Writing about the ANC’s founding
for a South Africa that belonged to all
It is an ideal which I hope to live for
conference, Seme had the following
who live in it.
and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” (Nelson Mandela, 1964) The history of the ANC is reflected on as a point of departure for its long-standing commitment to an inclusive society and the promotion of social cohesion. In a seminal article published in October 1911, Pixley ka Isaka Seme, one of the foremost intellectuals at the time, called on Africans to put their differences aside and forge a Native Union.
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At its 1969 conference in Morogoro
was principally about building a united,
the ANC initiated community dialogues
in Tanzania, the ANC officially opened
non-racial, non-sexist, democratic and
in all provinces on social cohesion and
its membership and leadership to all
prosperous South Africa. Up to this
nation building in 2011. These commu-
races, transforming itself into a truly
day this remains the guiding vision of
nity dialogues culminated in the first
non-racial organisation both in form
the ANC.
National Summit on Social Cohesion and Nation Building in Kliptown, the
and character. Morogoro also reaffirmed that South Africa belonged to all who
Drawing from the ANC’s rich and proud
live in it.
history of promoting an inclusive
home of the Freedom Charter.
society, the country’s democratic
That historic summit brought togeth-
In articulating an alternative vision
constitution reaffirms that South Africa
er more than 3 000 delegates from
for South Africa, President O.R. Tambo
belongs to all who live in it, united in
across the country representing various
stated: “Our task is to remake our part
our diversity.
religious, political, business and civil
of the world into a corner of the globe
society organisations to take stock of
on which all of humanity – Black and
The National Development Plan: Vision
the process made in uniting the South
White – shall live and work together as
2030, the lodestar to the future, envi-
African nation. Delegates recommitted
equals in conditions of peace and pros-
sions a South Africa where everyone is
themselves to the vision of a South Afri-
perity.” According to the view of O.R.
able to say: “I cannot be without you,
ca where we are one people, one nation,
Tambo, it was the ANC’s responsibility
without you this South African com-
one humanity with a shared destiny.
to break down barriers of division and
munity is an incomplete community,
create a South Africa where there will
without one single person, without one
The summit asserted that true and
be neither Black nor White, just South
single group, without the region or the
lasting reconciliation, social cohesion
Africans free and united in diversity.
continent, we are not the best that we
and nation building is not an event but
can be.”
a process – it is a journey. This journey
The ANC has learnt from its forebears
will require that we redouble our efforts
that the struggle for liberation was
As part of practical efforts to con-
to address key challenges such as
never about replacing one form of
tribute towards building an inclusive
joblessness, poverty, unequal access
oppression with another. The struggle
society and to promote social cohesion,
to opportunities, landlessness, home-
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lessness, the burden of disease, gender
er forget the role played by Braam
inequality and discrimination as well as
Fischer, Dr. Beyers Naude and many
gender-based violence.
other patriots from the Afrikaans
In 1999, Madiba said: “I have great
community in securing our freedom. I
confidence in Afrikaners. They have
It is perhaps time that the declaration
assure all of you that your language,
their name because they considered
and resolutions of the 2012 National
your culture and heritage will continue
themselves to be from Africa. Their
Summit on Social Cohesion and Nation
to be acknowledged, appreciated and
language originated here in Africa. I
Building are revisited and brought to
celebrated. You are as South African,
know that the vast majority of them
life. The ANC stands ready to work to-
as all of us. South Africa is your home.
will continue to help build this African
gether with all those seeking to revive
You are contributing immensely to the
homeland of theirs.”
the letter and spirit of that summit.
development of our society. For that
are free to pursue them.
you have earned the trust and respect
Let us work together to build a South
Sport must continuously be used to
of all South Africans of goodwill. Your
Africa we can all be proud to call home.
build bridges of unity among South Af-
views, your aspirations and your needs
Let us also work together to ensure
ricans, for we know it all too well that
matter, they carry equal worth and
that the ANC remains a home for all
South Africa is a sporting nation and
value as those of your fellow South
South Africans including members of
that sport is the greatest unifier.
Africans. Your dreams are valid. You
the Afrikaans community.
Under the leadership of President Cyril Ramaphosa, the country and the ANC has entered a period of renewal. This moment of renewal is an opportunity to reset the moral compass of the country and the movement. It is an opportunity to recommit to strong and unquestionable leadership. It is also an opportunity to rededicate ourselves
KEY TAKEOUTS • The history of the ANC has a long-standing commitment to an inclusive society and the promotion of social cohesion. • The Freedom Charter (1956) declared boldly that South Africa belonged to all who live in it, Black and White. • The vision of the 2012 National Summit on Social Cohesion and Nation Building of
to the goal of building a truly united
a South Africa where we are one people, one nation, one humanity with a shared
South Africa. This is an opportunity
destiny, should be revisited and brought to life.
to restore and maintain the non-racial character of the ANC – to keep the ANC as the Parliament of all the people of South Africa. It is in this context that I wish to
• The Ramaphosa era is an opportunity to recommit to strong and unquestionable leadership. It is also an opportunity to rededicate ourselves to the goal of building a truly united South Africa. • The country’s democratic constitution reaffirms that South Africa belongs to all who live in it, united in diversity.
take this opportunity to reassure the
• Sport must continuously be used to build bridges of unity among South Africans.
Afrikaans community in our country
• The ANC views the Afrikaans-speaking community as an integral part of the South
that they are an integral part of the
African landscape, history and heritage and part of the future. Its language, culture
South African landscape, history and
and heritage will continue to be acknowledged, appreciated and celebrated. Their
heritage. Equally, you are part of the future of this country. We will nev-
views, aspirations and needs matter.
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DR RUBEN RICHARDS | CHAIRPERSON OF THE RUBEN RICHARDS FOUNDATION
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KEY TAKEOUTS • Protection of community values and history is central to individual identity.
C
• The current concerns of the Afriondensed Biography: Dr
concerns and anxieties experienced by
Ruben Richards is the Chair-
the Afrikaans-speaking community is
person of the Ruben Rich-
not exclusive to them. He stated: “You
ards Foundation, an NGO
don’t have a copyright on anxiety.” The
with a focus on facilitating healing
anxieties relating to marginalisation,
within the context of trauma. He is
economic exclusion and inability to in-
the former Executive Secretary of the
fluence national policy, continues to be
South African Truth and Reconciliation
experienced by the Coloured community
Commission, former Director General
within the new dispensation.
kaans-speaking community relating to marginalisation and exclusion is not exclusive to this group. • The Coloured community is continuing to experience exclusion and marginalisation in the new dispensation. • The current education system produces the NEET generation: Not in Education, Employment and Training.
of the Scorpions, a notable author, community leader within the Coloured
The overarching theme here is inclu-
communities in the Western Cape,
sivity, which begs the question: who
speaker and company director. He also
is excluded? What does one have to
served in executive and leadership
do to be part of this inclusive society?
Cape Flats, sighting issues of gangs
positions in government, higher educa-
Additionally, Richards noted that the
and teenage pregnancies; particularly
tion institutions, the faith community
current education system in South
pregnant teenagers who are carrying
and the private business sector.
Africa produces people who do not find
the babies of gang leaders, which often
a way to be included in society. There
results in child abuse within these
Richards delivered the keynote address
are more than five million people that
immature relationships.
during the Cape Town roundtable dis-
form part of the NEET generation: Not
cussion, during which he stressed the
in Education, Employment or Training.
He also cautioned against stereotyping: “Stereotypes are very, very strong. And
importance of protecting community identity with specific reference to the
Richards highlighted some of the
what we physically represent on the
Coloured community in South Africa.
consequences of exclusion from main-
outside is often what dominates the
Richards emphasised that the current
stream society as experienced on the
initial interactions.”
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THEO VORSTER | CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF GALILEO CAPITAL
INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH KEY TO SOCIAL COHESION 22
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T
heo Vorster, the CEO of Galileo Capital and economic market commentator, served as a keynote speaker for the Pretoria roundtable discussion. Vorster began his address by stating the following: “I think the key point of departure is that for any complicated problem, there's a simple solution that doesn’t work. Our problems are complicated, then so are the solutions.” Vorster presented on the current lack of economic growth in South Africa and eluded to factors such as the departure of critical skills and the loss of influential private sector business, which further exacerbates the stunted economic growth in the country. In the early 1990s there was a close correlation between South Africa’s GDP growth rate and that of the rest of the world. In fact, the GDP per capita tracked the rest of the world. In 2012/2013, that correlation broke. Currently, the GDP per capita in the rest of the world is nearly 50% higher than that of South Africa and, consequently, South Africa is now 12 years behind.
been closer to 20%, instead of 30%. Reconciliation, social cohesion and keeping skills in South Africa is easy if the economy is growing. But if it is a struggling economy, we have the unfortunate situation whereby the people who can afford to – those with capital, and the talented – leave the country. Therefore, due to the current context we find ourselves in, the GDP growth will need to come from the private sector. Koos Bekker is known for saying that there are only a few people that grow the economy: engineers and entrepreneurs; and in our case, these are the people that are leaving. Additionally, Vorster also noted that the Afrikaans business community is a major contributor to economic growth and could help to create employment opportunities and encourage much-needed
inclusive growth through private sector business. Vorster cited the example of Naspers, which in the late 1990s was a company with a market capital of roughly R6-billion. Today, Naspers is worth R1.2-trillion and constitutes 10% of the national GDP. Approximately R1 in R10, of every government employee’s pension is invested in Naspers, the biggest company on the JSE. The Afrikaans business community can contribute immensely to economic growth, business development, creating employment and opportunities. In conclusion Vorster indicated that inclusive growth must be a focal point of government towards addressing the current economic climate, combatting unemployment and the eroding effects this has on the national GDP.
KEY TAKEOUTS • Economic growth and stability are necessary for reconciliation, social cohesion, and the retention of skills and investment to be successful in South Africa.
For several years, economic growth was at 5%, which means that the economy doubles every 15 years. If the growth is at 1%, the economy will double every 72 years. Therefore, at a growth of 0.5%, the economy will take 150 years to double.
• Due to the current context we find ourselves in, the GDP growth will need to come
If South Africa had kept track with the rest of the world, the economy would have been at a 15% growth rate and the unemployment rate would have
rent economic climate, combatting unemployment and the eroding effects this has
from the private sector. • The Afrikaans business community is a major contributor to economic growth and can help to create employment opportunities and encourage much-needed inclusive growth through private sector business. • Inclusive growth must be a focal point of government towards addressing the curon the national GDP.
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SUMMARY OF GENERAL CONVERSATIONS
WORKING TOGETHER TO BUILD ONE NATION 24
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A SNAPSHOT
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KEY TAKEOUTS • Dialogue can no longer be conducted simply for the sake of engaging. • The principles that unify us as South Africans must drive us towards a common goal. • The conduct of national leadership and community leaders in public platforms cannot continue to be pervasive and counterproductive in shaping a non-racial and unified society. • Collaborative space between government, the private sector and civil society must be opened up for all to provide their inputs. • Action plans must be formulated to effectively address the issues identified and influence decision-making processes in government. • All South Africans have a contribution to make in shaping the narrative around national identity, unity and promoting the principles captured in the constitution. • The Inclusive Society Institute is encouraged to facilitate future roundtable discussions of this nature which allow for robust debate to occur and continue. This will contribute to the promotion of a unified and cohesive society.
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ANNEXURE A
TABULATED LIST OF CONCERNS Following the Cape Town and Pretoria engagements with members of the Afrikaans community on their place and role in South African society, the following concerns, be it perceived or real, were identified: CONCERNS IDENTIFIED 1.
Engagements towards improved dialogue need to be succeeded by action and the implementation of resolutions
2.
The lack of vision and reliable leadership from government has resulted in distrust, apathy and disenfranchisement among the citizenry
3.
Lack of accountability and transparency from national leadership. Inability to hold those implicated in corruption responsible
4.
Need for diversification of voices in leadership to inspire citizens towards action and activism
5.
No clear definition and direction from leadership on national unity and how this can be achieved
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6.
Efforts towards social cohesion are threatened by comments and messaging from political leaders that deepen societal divides
7.
Disconnect between what young South Africans understand regarding the intended outcomes and principles forged during the South African transition and the manifestation of these desired outcomes in their lives today
8.
Continued use of racial differentiation in legislation and policy including the use of ‘Blacks in general and Africans in particular’, which perpetuates exclusion and discrimination against other races and cultures not part of this classification
9.
Discrimination against minorities through legislation and policies resulting in political and economic disempowerment
10.
Youth feel excluded from the political agenda and lack opportunities to participate
11.
Lack of civic participation in holding government officials accountable and promoting good governance
12.
No visible application of constitutional principles that form the foundations of national unity, tolerance and inclusive society
13.
The growing crisis of unemployment has been acknowledged; however, more practical plans need to be developed to effect change
14.
Increasing levels of youth unemployment and a lack of initiatives aimed at absorbing unemployed graduates into the workforce
15.
Economic stagnation and difficulty of doing business in South Africa
16.
Discriminatory nature of policies such as BBBEE and affirmative action
17.
Competent, skilled and willing individuals feel they are overlooked when it comes to selection for programmes and initiatives aimed at solving the economic crisis in the country, due to politics playing a role in selection
18.
Need for mentorship initiatives, training and skills transfer programmes
19.
The loss of critical skills and qualified individuals as a result of lack of opportunities and stagnant economic growth
20.
Urgent intervention in the education sector is needed, regarding the quality and level of education, shortage of educators and resources, and home-language teaching
21.
Clear vision on economic reform and the empowerment of private sector business towards contributing to solutions
22.
Lack of clarity on issues of property rights, land redistribution without compensation and the status of the NDR
23.
Concerns regarding the status and protection of constitutional principles, as well as attacks on the Judiciary
24.
Government continues to pursue avenues and legislative decisions that do not result in positive outcomes or visible effective changes/improvements
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ANNEXURE B
ACTION PLAN TO ADDRESS ISSUES AND CONCERNS RAISED AT THE DIALOGUES 32
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The concerns raised during the two dialogues, as captured in the tabulated list of concerns (Annexure A), can be broadly grouped into three action types: • The first group of concerns are those for which political leaders and policymakers need sensitisation and which they need to take heed of in their policy formulations and public pronouncements. • The second group of concerns are those concerns that require further dialogue between the political leadership,
policymakers and the Afrikaans-speaking community. • The third group of concerns are those that require further policy research and/or analysis. The concerns are grouped hereunder within an action plan that sets out the concern, action required, the body to be engaged and the target deadline for concluding the action.
GROUP 1: Issues and concerns requiring sensitisation of political leadership and policymakers Concern/Issue
Action required
Body to engage
Date
Engagements towards improved dialogue need to be succeeded by action and the implementation of resolutions
Presentation of report findings: ANC Treasurer General, ISI CEO and ISI social cohesion project facilitator
ANC NEC
Jun ‘20
The lack of vision and reliable leadership from government has resulted in distrust, apathy and disenfranchisement among the citizenry Lack of accountability and transparency from national leadership. Inability to hold those implicated in corruption responsible Need for diversification of voices in leadership to inspire citizens towards action and activism Efforts towards social cohesion are threatened by comments and messaging from political leaders that deepen societal divides Concerns regarding the status and protection of constitutional principles, as well as attacks on the Judiciary
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GROUP 2: Issues and concerns requiring further dialogue Concern/Issue
Action required
Body to engage
Date
No clear definition and direction from leadership on national unity and how this can be achieved
• Dialogue with Afrikaans-speaking communities on their definition and proposed direction that leadership should take in promoting national unity • Engage ANC NEC
• Expand existing Afrikaans-speaking focus groups
Jul ‘20
• ANC NEC
Oct ‘20
• Disconnect between what young South Africans understand regarding the intended outcomes and principles forged during the South African transition and the manifestation of these desired outcomes in their lives today • Youth feel excluded from the political agenda and lack opportunities to participate
Arrange a structured dialogue with young leaders representing the South African demographics
Youth leaders drawn from higher education institutions, civil society and business
Aug ‘20
Continued use of racial differentiation in legislation and policy including the use of ‘Blacks in general and Africans in particular’, which perpetuates exclusion and discrimination against other races and cultures not part of this classification
Arrange a dialogue between the Coloured community and ANC NEC subcommittee for Social Transformation
Representatives drawn from Coloured community organisations, civil society and business representatives
Nov ‘20
Need for mentorship initiatives, training and skills transfer programmes
Arrange re-engagement of business and other interested parties with COGTA to give impetus to already existing agreements re mentorship programmes at local government level
Leaders drawn from business community, Public Private Growth Initiative (PPGI) and COGTA
Sep ‘20
Urgent intervention in the education sector is needed, regarding the quality and level of education, shortage of educators and resources, and home-language teaching
Arrange dialogue between education and business fraternity and the DHE & DBE
DHE, DBE and education fraternity
Dec ‘20
Discriminatory nature of policies such as BBBEE and affirmative action
Arrange a dialogue between business and ANC Economic Transformation Committee to discuss the discrepancy between the intended vs achieved outcomes associated with BBBEE
Public Private Growth Initiative (PPGI) and ANC NEC Subcommittee on Economic Transformation
Aug ‘20
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GROUP 3: Issues and concerns requiring further policy research and/or analysis Concern/Issue
Action required
Body to engage
Date
Lack of accountability and transparency from national leadership. Inability to hold those implicated in corruption responsible
Commission an analysis of reported high-profile crimes and current status of the administration of justice in these regard
Inclusive Society Institute research subcommittee
To be determined
Efforts towards social cohesion are threatened by comments and messaging from political leaders that deepen societal divides
Commission research into (i) the divisive narrative by political and government leaders and its impact on social cohesion, and (ii) ways to enhance and mobilise the centre forces of society to build an inclusive society
Inclusive Society Institute research subcommittee
To be determined
Discrimination against minorities through legislation and policies resulting in political and economic disempowerment
Commission stakeholder engagements to understand concerns and then analyse the implementation and impact of the legislation
Inclusive Society Institute research subcommittee
To be determined
Lack of civic participation in holding government officials accountable and promoting good governance
The Inclusive Society Institute is of the opinion that much work is being done in this regard by civil society
No visible application of constitutional principles that form the foundations of national unity, tolerance and inclusive society
Commission a comparative analysis between the constitutional principles and progress made since 1994
Inclusive Society Institute research subcommittee
To be determined
• The growing crisis of unemployment has been acknowledged; however, more practical plans need to be developed to effect change • Increasing levels of youth unemployment and a lack of initiatives aimed at absorbing unemployed graduates into the workforce • Economic stagnation and difficulty of doing business in South Africa • Need for mentorship initiatives, training and skills transfer programmes • Clear vision on economic reform and the empowerment of private sector business towards contributing to solutions • Lack of clarity on issues of property rights, land redistribution without compensation and the status of the NDR
Incorporate concerns into the research brief of the ISI’s comprehensive economic policy research project. Afrikaans-speaking community focus groups to form part of the stakeholder engagements
Inclusive Society Institute research subcommittee
Mar ‘21
The loss of critical skills and qualified individuals as a result of lack of opportunities and stagnant economic growth
Commission research into emigration trends
Inclusive Society Institute research subcommittee
To be determined
Government continues to pursue avenues and legislative decisions that do not result in positive outcomes or visible effective changes/improvements
Commission research to test the validity of this sentiment
Inclusive Society Institute research subcommittee
To be determined
The outcome of each action will serve as the basis for engaging the political and policymaking leaders of the country and/or to motivate further investigation/research.
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NOTES
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T h i s r e p o r t h a s b e e n p u bl i s h e d b y t h e I n cl u s i v e S o c i e t y I n s t i t u t e.
The Inclusive Society
through a value system
tates international and
Institute (ISI) is an
that embodies the social
multilateral cooperation.
autonomous and inde-
and national democratic
As such, the ISI also
pendent institution that
principles associated
seeks to achieve its
functions independently
with a developmental
ideals at a global level
from any other entity.
state. It recognises
through cooperation
It is founded for the
that a well-functioning
with like-minded parties
purpose of supporting
democracy requires
and organs of civil
and further deepening
well-functioning politi-
society who share its
multi-party democracy.
cal formations that are
basic values.
suitably equipped and The ISI’s work is moti-
capacitated. It further
In South Africa, ISI’s
vated by its desire to
acknowledges that
ideological positioning is
achieve non-racialism,
South Africa is inex-
aligned with that of the
non-sexism, social jus-
tricably linked to the
African National Con-
tice and cohesion, eco-
ever-transforming and
gress (ANC) and others
nomic development and
interdependent global
in broader society with
equality in South Africa,
world, which necessi-
similar ideals.
www.inclusivesociety.org.za
