PREFACE 1 - This is the second pocket edition of the Constitution of India in the digital form. In this edition, the text of the Constitution of India has been brought up-to-date by incorporating therein all the amendments up to and including the Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003. 2 - The Constitution applies to the State of Jammu and Kashmir with certain exceptions and modifications as provided in article 370 and the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954. This Order has been included in Appendix I for facility of reference. Appendix II contains a restatement of the exceptions and modifications. Appendix III relates to extracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978. The text of the constitutional amendments relating to the Constitution (Eightysixth Amendment) Act, 2002 and the Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2002, which have not come in force, have been provided in Appendix IV and Appendix V.
New Delhi; 6th June, 2004.
T.K. VISWANATHAN Secretary to the Government of India.
CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
_______ C O N T E N TS
_______ P R E AM B L E PART I T H E U NI ON AN D I TS T E RR I T O R Y ARTICLE 1 Name and t err itor y of th e Un ion . 2 A d mis s i o n o r est ab l i s h men t o f n e w S t at es . 2A [ R ep ea l ed . ] 3 F o r ma t i o n o f n ew S t at es and al t e r at io n o f ar e as , b o u n d ari es o r n a me s o f exis ting St at es . 4 Laws ma d e und er arti cl es 2 and 3 to provid e for th e amend ment of th e Fir st and th e Fourth S ch edul es and suppl emental , in cid ent al and cons equ ent ial matt ers. PART II C I TI Z ENS HIP 5 6
Cit i z enship at th e co mmen cement of th e Constitution . Rights of ci ti zenship of cert ain p ersons who h av e migr at ed to Indi a fro m P akis t an. Rights of ci ti zenship of cert ain mi gr ants to P akist an . Rights of ci ti zenship of cert ain p ersons of Indi an origin r es iding outs id e Ind i a. P ersons volun t ari l y acqu iring citi zen ship of a for eign St ate not to b e c it i z ens . Continu an ce of th e righ ts o f ci tizenship . P arl i a ment to r egul at e th e righ t of cit i zen ship by l a w.
7 8 9 10 11
PART III F U ND A M EN T AL R I G H TS G e n er a l 12 13
14
Defini tion . Laws in consist ent with or in d erog ation of th e fund ament al rights . Right to Equality Equality before law.
15
Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
16
Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
17
Abolition of Untouchability.
18
Abolition of titles. Right to Freedom
19
Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.
20
Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
21
Protection of life and personal liberty.
22
Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases. Right against Exploitation
23
Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.
24
Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.
25
Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
26
Freedom to manage religious affairs.
27
Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
28
Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions.
Right to Freedom of Religion
Cultural and Educational Rights 29
Protection of interests of minorities.
30
Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.
31
[Repealed.] Saving of Certain Laws
31A
Saving of Laws providing for acquisition of estates, etc.
31B
Validation of certain Acts and Regulations.
31C
Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles.
31D
[Repealed.] Right to Constitutional Remedies
32 32A
Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part. [Repealed.]
33
Power of Parliament to modify the rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc.
34
Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area.
35
Legislation to give effect to the provisions of this Part. PART IV DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
36
Definition.
37
Application of the principles contained in this Part.
38
State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
39
Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.
39A 40
Equal justice and free legal aid. Organisation of village panchayats.
41
Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases.
42
Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
43 43A
Living wage, etc., for workers. Participation of workers in management of industries.
44
Uniform civil code for the citizens.
45
Provision for free and compulsory education for children.
46
Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections.
47
Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health.
48 48A
Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life.
49
Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance.
50
Separation of judiciary from executive.
51
Promotion of international peace and security. PART IVA FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES
51A
Fundamental duties. PART V THE UNION CHAPTER I.⎯-THE EXECUTIVE The President and Vice-President
52
The President of India.
53
Executive power of the Union.
54
Election of President.
55
Manner of election of President.
56
Term of office of President.
57
Eligibility for re-election.
58
Qualifications for election as President.
59
Conditions of President’s office.
60
Oath or affirmation by the President.
61
Procedure for impeachment of the President.
62
Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
63
The Vice-President of India.
64
The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States.
65
The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President.
66
Election of Vice-President.
67
Term of office of Vice-President.
68
Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy.
69
Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President.
70
Discharge of President’s functions in other contingencies.
71
Matters relating to, or connected with, the election of a President or VicePresident.
72
Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
73
Extent of executive power of the Union.
74
Council of Ministers to aid and advise President.
75
Other provisions as to Ministers.
Council of Ministers
The Attorney-General for India 76
Attorney-General for India. Conduct of Government Business
77
Conduct of business of the Government of India.
78
Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc. CHAPTER II.⎯-PARLIAMENT General
79
Constitution of Parliament.
80
Composition of the Council of States.
81
Composition of the House of the People.
82
Readjustment after each census.
83
Duration of Houses of Parliament.
84
Qualification for membership of Parliament.
85
Sessions of Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.
86
Right of President to address and send messages to Houses.
87
Special address by the President.
88
Rights of Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.
89
The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.
Officers of Parliament
90
Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.
91
Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
92
The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
93
The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of the People .
94
Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
95
Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
96
The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration. Salaries and allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker. Secretariat of Parliament.
97 98
Conduct of Business 99
Oath or affirmation by members.
100
Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
101
Vacation of seats.
102
Disqualifications for membership.
103
Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members. Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 99 or when not qualified or when disqualified.
Disqualifications of Members
104
Powers, Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members 105
Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof.
106
Salaries and allowances of members. Legislative Procedure
107
Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
108
Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases.
109
Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
110
Definition of “Money Bills�.
111
Assent to Bills.
112
Annual financial statement.
113
Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates.
Procedure in Financial Matters
114
Appropriation Bills.
115
Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
116
Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.
117
Special provisions as to financial Bills.
Procedure Generally 118 119
Rules of procedure. Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.
120
Language to be used in Parliament.
121
Restriction on discussion in Parliament.
122
Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
123
Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.
CHAPTER III.⎯LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
CHAPTER IV.⎯ THE UNION JUDICIARY 124
Establishment and constitution of Supreme Court.
125
Salaries, etc., of Judges.
126
Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
127
Appointment of ad hoc judges.
128
Attendance of retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
129
Supreme Court to be a court of record.
130
Seat of Supreme Court.
131
Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
131A
[Repealed.]
132
Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.
133
Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to Civil matters.
134
Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
134A
Certificate for appeal to the Supreme Court.
135
Jurisdiction and powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.
136
Special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court.
137
Review of judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.
138
Enlargement of the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
139
Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.
139A
Transfer of certain cases.
140
Ancillary powers of Supreme Court.
141
Law declared by Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
142
Enforcement of decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
143
Power of President to consult Supreme Court.
144
Civil and judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.
144A 145
[Repealed.] Rules of Court, etc.
146
Officers and servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.
147
Interpretation.
148
Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
CHAPTER V.⎯ COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA 149
Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.
150
Form of accounts of the Union and of the States.
151
Audit reports. PART VI THE STATES CHAPTER I.⎯ GENERAL
152
Definition. CHAPTER II.⎯ THE EXECUTIVE The Governor
153
Governors of States.
154
Executive power of State.
155
Appointment of Governor.
156
Term of office of Governor.
157
Qualifications for appointment as Governor.
158
Conditions of Governor’s office
159
Oath or affirmation by the Governor.
160
Discharge of the functions of the Governor in certain contingencies.
161
Power of Governor to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
162
Extent of executive power of State. Council of Ministers
163
Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor.
164
Other provisions as to Ministers. The Advocate-General for the State
165
Advocate-General for the State. Conduct of Government Business
166
Conduct of business of the Government of a State.
167
Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc. CHAPTER III.⎯THE STATE LEGISLATURE General
168
Constitution of Legislatures in States.
169
Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.
170
Composition of the Legislative Assemblies.
171
Composition of the Legislative Councils.
172
Duration of State Legislatures.
173
Qualification for membership of the State Legislature.
174
Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.
175
Right of Governor to address and send messages to the House or Houses.
176
Special address by the Governor.
177
Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses. Officers of the State Legislature
178 179 180
The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly. Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker. Power of the Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Speaker.
181
The Speaker or the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
182
The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.
183
Vacation and resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
184
Power of the Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as, Chairman.
185
The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.
186
Salaries and allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
187
Secretariat of State Legislature. Conduct of Business
188
Oath or affirmation by members.
189
Voting in Houses, power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
190
Vacation of seats.
191
Disqualifications for membership.
192
Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members.
193
Penalty for sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not qualified or when disqualified.
Disqualifications of Members
Powers, privileges and immunities of State Legislatures and their Members 194
Powers, privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof.
195
Salaries and allowances of members.
196
Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.
197
Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.
Legislative Procedure
198
Special procedure in respect of Money Bills.
199
Definition of “Money Bills”.
200
Assent to Bills.
201
Bills reserved for consideration.
202
Annual financial statement.
Procedure in Financial Matters 203
Procedure in Legislature with respect to estimates.
204
Appropriation Bills.
205
Supplementary, additional or excess grants.
206 207
Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants. Special provisions as to financial Bills. Procedure Generally
208
Rules of procedure.
209
Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business.
210
Language to be used in the Legislature.
211
Restriction on discussion in the Legislature.
212
Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature.
213
Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
CHAPTER IV.⎯- LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR
CHAPTER V---THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES 214
High Courts for States.
215
High Courts to be courts of record.
216
Constitution of High Courts.
217
Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.
218
Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.
219
Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts.
220
Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge.
221
Salaries, etc., of Judges.
222
Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another.
223
Appointment of acting Chief Justice.
224
Appointment of additional and acting Judges.
224A
Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.
225
Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.
226
Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.
226A
[Repealed..]
227
Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court.
228
Transfer of certain cases to High Court.
228A
[Repealed.]
229
Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts.
230
Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.
231
Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.
233
Appointment of district judges.
CHAPTER VI⎯SUBORDINATE COURTS
233A 234
Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges. Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service.
235
Control over subordinate courts.
236
Interpretation.
237
Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates. PART VII THE STATES IN PART B OF THE FIRST SCHEDULE
238
[Repealed.] PART VIII THE UNION TERRITORIES
239
Administration of Union territories.
239A
Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.
239A
Special provisions with respect to Delhi.
239AA
Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.
239AB
Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
240
Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories.
241
High Courts for Union territories.
242
[Repealed.] PART IX THE PANCHAYATS
243
Definitions.
243A
Gram Sabha.
243B
Constitution of Panchayats.
243C
Composition of Panchayats.
243D
Reservation of seats.
243E
Duration of Panchayats, etc.
243F
Disqualifications for membership.
243G
Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats.
243H
Powers to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.
243-I
Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position.
243J
Audit of accounts of Pachayats.
243K
Elections to the Panchayats.
243L
Application to Union territories.
243M
Part not to apply to certain areas.
243N
Continuance of existing laws and Panchayats.
243-O
Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters. PART IXA THE MUNICIPALITIES
243P
Definitions.
243Q
Constitution of Municipalities.
243R
Composition of Municipalities.
243S
Constitution and composition of Wards Committees, etc.
243T
Reservation of seats.
243U
Duration of Municipalities, etc.
243V
Disqualifications for membership.
243W
Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
243X.
Power to impose taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities.
243 243Z
Finance Commission. Audit of accounts of Municipalities.
243ZA
Elections to the Municipalities.
243ZB
Application to Union territories.
243ZC
Part not to apply to certain areas.
243ZD
Committee for district planning.
243ZE
Committee for Metropolitan planning.
243ZF
Continuance of existing laws and Municipalities.
243ZG
Bar to interference by Courts in electoral matters.
PART X THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS 244 244A
Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas. Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor. PART XI RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES CHAPTER I.⎯LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS Distribution of Legislative Powers
245
Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
246
Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
247
Power of Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts.
248
Residuary powers of legislation.
249
Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the
national interest. 250
Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.
251
Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States.
252
Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State.
253
Legislation for giving effect to international agreements.
254
Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States.
255
Requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only. CHAPTER II.⎯ ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS General
256
Obligation of States and the Union.
257
Control of the Union over States in certain cases.
257A 258 258A
[Repealed.] Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases.
259
Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union. [Repealed.]
260
Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India.
261
Public acts, records and judicial proceedings.
262
Adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers or river valleys.
263
Provisions with respect to an inter-State Council.
264
PART XII FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND SUITS CHAPTER I.⎯FINANCE General Interpretation.
265
Taxes not to be imposed save by authority of law.
266
Consolidated Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.
267
Contingency Fund.
268
Duties levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the State.
Disputes relating to Waters Co-ordination between States
Distribution of Revenues between the Union and the States 269
Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States.
270
Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States.
271
Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.
272
[Repealed.]
273
Grants in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products. Prior recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which
274
275
States are interested. Grants from the Union to certain States.
276
Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments.
277
Savings.
278
[Repealed.]
279
Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc.
280
Finance Commission.
281
Recommendations of the Finance Commission.
282
Expenditure defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues.
Miscellaneous financial provisions 283
Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts.
284
Custody of suitors’ deposits and other moneys received by public servants and courts.
285
Exemption of property of the Union from State taxation.
286
Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods.
287
Exemption from taxes on electricity.
288
Exemption from taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases.
289
Exemption of property and income of a State from Union taxation.
290 290A
Adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions. Annual payment to certain Devaswom Funds.
291
[Repealed.]
292
Borrowing by the Government of India.
293
Borrowing by States.
CHAPTER II.⎯ BORROWING
CHAPTER III.⎯ PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, LIABILITIES, OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS 294
Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.
295
Succession to property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases.
296
Property accruing by escheat or laps or as bona vacantia.
297
Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union.
298
Power to carry on trade, etc.
299
Contracts.
300
Suits and proceedings. CHAPTER IV.⎯ RIGHT
300A
TO
PROPERTY
Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law. PART XIII TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA
301
Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse.
302
Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse.
303
Restrictions on the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.
304
Restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States.
305
Saving of existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.
306
[Repealed.]
307
Appointment of authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304. PART XIV SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES CHAPTER I.⎯ SERVICES
308
Interpretation.
309
Recruitment and conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State.
310
Tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State.
311
Dismissal, removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State.
312
All-India services.
312A
Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services.
313
Transitional provisions.
314
[Repeated.]
315
Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States.
316
Appointment and term of office of members.
CHAPTER II.—PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
317
Removal and suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission.
318
Power to make regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.
319
Prohibition as to the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members.
320
Functions of Public Service Commissions.
321
Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions.
322
Expenses of Public Service Commissions.
323
Reports of Public Service Commissions.
PART XIVA TRIBUNALS 323A
Administrative tribunals.
323B
Tribunals for other matters. PART XV ELECTIONS
324
Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election
Commission. 325
No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
326
Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.
327
Power of Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.
328
Power of Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.
329
Bar to interference by courts in electoral matters.
329A
[Repealed.] PART XVI SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES
330
Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.
331
Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People.
332
Reservation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
333
Representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
334
Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after sixty years.
335
Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.
336
Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services.
337
Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of AngloIndian Community.
338
National Commission for Scheduled Castes.
338A 339
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes. Control of the Union over the Administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
340
Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of backward classes.
341
Scheduled Castes.
342
Scheduled Tribes. PART XVII OFFICIAL LANGUAGE CHAPTER I.—LANGUAGE OF THE UNION
343
Official language of the Union.
344
Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language.
345
Official language or languages of a State.
346
Official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union.
347
Special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State.
CHAPTER II.⎯ REGIONAL LANGUAGES
CHAPTER III.⎯LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT, HIGH COURTS, ETC. 348
Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.
349
Special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language.
350
Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances.
CHAPTER IV.⎯-SPECIAL DIRECTIVES 350A
Facilities for instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage.
350B
Special Officer for linguistic minorities.
351
Directive for development of the Hindi language. PART XVIII EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
352
Proclamation of Emergency.
353
Effect of Proclamation of Emergency.
354
Application of provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation.
355
Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.
356
Provisions in case of failure of constitutional machinery in States.
357
Exercise of legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356.
358
Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies.
359
Suspension of the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies.
359A 360
[Repealed.] Provisions as to financial emergency. PART XIX MISCELLANEOUS
361
Protection of President and Governors and Rajprakukhs.
361A
Protection of publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures.
361B
Disqualification for appointment on remunerative political post.
362
[Repealed.]
363
Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
363A
Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished.
364
Special provisions as to major ports and aerodromes.
365
Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union.
366
Definitions.
367
Interpretation. PART XX AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION
368
Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor. PART XXI TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS
369
Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List.
370
Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
371
Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
371A
Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland.
371B
Special provision with respect to the State of Assam.
371C
Special provision with respect to the State of Manipur.
371D
Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh.
371E
Establishment of Central University in Andhra Pradesh.
371F
Special provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim.
371G
Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.
371H
Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.
371-I 372 372A
Special provision with respect to the State of Goa. Continuance in force of existing laws and their adaptation. Power of the President to adapt laws.
373
Power of President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases.
374
Provisions as to Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His Majesty in Council.
375
Courts, authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the Constitution.
376
Provisions as to Judges of High Courts.
377
Provisions as to Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
378
Provisions as to Public Service Commissions.
378A 379-391 392
Special provision as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. [Repealed.] Power of the President to remove difficulties. PART XXII SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE TEXT IN HINDI AND REPEALS
393 394 394A 395
Short title. Commencement. Authoritative text in the Hindi language. Repeals.
SCHEDULES FIRST SCHEDULE I. —The States. II. —The Union territories. SECOND SCHEDULE PART A—- Provisions as to the President and the Governors of States. PART B—[Repealed.] PART C—Provisions as to the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State. PART D— Provisions as to the Judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts. PART E— Provisions as to the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. THIRD SCHEDULE— Forms of Oaths or Affirmations. FOURTH SCHEDULE—Allocation of seats in the Council of States. FIFTH SCHEDULE— Provisions as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes PART A—General. PART B—Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes. PART C— Scheduled Areas. PART D—Amendment of the Schedule. SIXTH SCHEDULE—Provisions as to the Administration of Tribal Areas in the States of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. SEVENTH SCHEDULE— List I — Union List. List II— State List. List III— Concurrent List. EIGHTH SCHEDULE— Languages. NINTH SCHEDULE—Validation of certain Acts and Regulations. TENTH SCHEDULE— Provisions as to disqualification on ground of defection. ELEVENTH SCHEDULE— Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats. TWELFTH SCHEDULE— Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
APPENDIX APPENDIX I—The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954. APPENDIX II— Re-statement, with reference to the present text of the Constitution, of the exceptions and modifications subject to which the Constitution applies to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. APPENDIX III—Extracts from the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 APPENDIX IV—The Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002. APPENDIX V—The Constitution (Eighty-eighth Amendment) Act, 2003.
THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
PREAMBLE
W E , TH E P E OPL E OF I N DI A, h aving sol e mnl y r esolv ed to const itut e I n d i a i n t o a S OV E R EI G N S OC I A L I S T S E C U LAR D E M O CR A TI C R EP U B LI C and to s e cur e to all its ci ti zens: J US TI C E, so ci al , e cono mi c and polit i c al; LI BERT Y of thought , expr ession , b e li ef , f aith and worship; E Q U A LI T Y o f s t atu s and o f o p p o r t u n it y; and to pro mot e amo ng th em al l F R ATERNI TY assur ing th e d ignit y of th e indiv idu al and th e unit y and int eg rit y of th e Nation; I N O U R CO NS TI T U EN T ASS EM B L Y t h i s t w ent y-s ixth d a y o f N ov e mb e r, 1 9 4 9 , d o H E R EB Y A D OP T, E NA C T A N D GI VE T O O URS E LV E S T HI S C O NS TI T U TI ON .
PART I THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY 1 . Na me a nd territo ry of th e Union .— (1) Indi a, th at is Bh ar at , sh al l b e a U nion of St at es . (2) Th e St at es and th e t erri tori es th er eof sh al l be as sp ecifi ed in th e First S ch ed u l e . (3) Th e t errito ry of Indi a sh all co mpris e — (a ) t h e t err itori es of th e St at es ; (b ) t h e Union t erri tori es sp ecif ied in th e First Sch edul e; and (c ) s u ch oth er t erri tori es as ma y b e acquir ed . 2 . Ad mi ss ion or establi sh ment of n ew Stat es.—Parli ament ma y b y l aw ad mit into th e Union , or est abl ish , n ew St at es on su ch t er ms and condit ions as it thinks fi t. 2 A . [S i kki m to be asso ciat ed with th e Un ion.] Rep . b y th e Constitu tion (Thirt ys i x t h A m end m ent ) A c t , 1 9 7 5 , s . 5 ( w. e .f . 2 6 - 4 - 1 9 7 5 ) . 3 . Fo rma tion of n ew States and alt e ration of areas , bounda ri es o r na me s of exist ing S tat es .— P a r l i a me n t ma y b y l aw — (a ) f or m a n e w St at e b y s ep ar ation of t err itor y fro m a n y S t at e or b y unit ing two or mo r e St at es or parts of St at es o r b y un iting an y t err itor y to a p art of an y St ate; (b ) i n cr e as e t h e a r e a o f an y S t ate ; (c ) d i mini sh th e a r e a of an y St at e; (d ) al t e r the bound ari es of an y St at e; (e ) a l t e r th e n ame o f an y St at e : Provid ed th at no Bill for th e purpos e sh al l b e introdu ced in eith er Hous e o f P arl i a ment ex c ept on th e r e co mme n d ation of the Pr esid ent and unl ess , wh er e the propos al cont ain ed in th e Bill aff e ct s th e ar ea, bound ari es or name o f an y of the St at e s, th e Bil l h as b e en r ef err ed b y th e P r esid ent to th e L egisl atur e of th at St a te for expr ess ing its vi ews th er eon within su ch p eriod as ma y b e sp ecif i ed in th e r ef er en c e or within su ch furth er p eriod as th e Pr esid en t may allo w and th e p er iod so sp ecif i ed or allo wed h as expir ed . Explanation I .— In this arti cl e, in cl aus es (a ) to (e ), “S t at e’’ in clud es a Union t err itor y, but in th e proviso , “Stat e’’ do es not includ e a Un ion t erri tor y. Explanation II .— Th e po w er conf err ed on P arlia me n t b y c l aus e (a ) i n clud es th e po wer to for m a n ew St at e o r Union t err itor y by uniting a p art of an y St at e or Union t erri tor y to an y oth er St at e or Union t erritor y. 4 . Law s ma d e und er a rti cl es 2 and 3 to p rov ide fo r th e a men d men t of t he Fi rst and th e Fou rth S ch edul es and suppl eme ntal , in cid enta l and cons equ entia l ma t t e rs . —(1) An y l aw r ef e rr ed to in arti cl e 2 or arti cl e 3 sh all cont ain su ch provis ions for th e amen d men t of th e First S ch edule and th e Fou rth S ch edul e as may b e n ecess ar y to giv e eff e ct to th e provis ions of th e l a w and ma y also cont ain su ch suppl ement al , in cid en t al and cons equ ent i al p rovis ions (in c luding provision s as to r epr es ent a tion in Parli a me nt and in th e Legisl atur e or L e gisl a tur es of th e St at e or St ate s aff e ct ed b y su ch l a w) as P a rli a me nt ma y d e em n ecess ar y. (2 ) N o s u ch l aw a s afo r es aid s h a l l b e d e e me d t o b e an a me n d me n t o f t h i s Consti tution for th e purpos es of arti cle 368 .
PART II CITIZENSHIP 5 . Ci tiz enship at th e co mmen cemen t o f th e Const itution .— At th e co mme n cement of this Const itution , ev er y p erson who h as his do mi cil e in th e t err itor y of India and— (a ) wh o was born in th e t erri tory of Indi a; or (b ) ei th er of whos e p ar ents was born in th e t erritor y of Indi a; or (c ) wh o h a s b e en ordin ari l y resid ent in th e t err itor y of Indi a for not l ess th an fiv e ye ars imme d i a t el y pr ec e ding su ch comme n c e me n t , sh al l b e a citi zen of Indi a. 6 . Rig hts of c itiz enship of c e rtain p e rsons w ho hav e mi g rat ed to India f ro m Pa kistan . —No twiths t anding anything in art i cl e 5, a p erson who h as migr at ed to th e t err itor y of Indi a fro m th e terri tor y now in clud ed in P akis tan sh all b e d eemed to b e a citi zen of Indi a at th e commen cemen t of thi s Cons titution if — (a ) h e or eith er of his p ar ents or an y o f h is g r andp ar ents was born in Indi a as d efin ed in the Gov e rn men t of Indi a Act , 1935 ( as origin all y en act ed); and (b )(i ) i n th e c ase wh e r e su ch p erson h as so migra t ed b efor e th e nin et e en th d a y of Jul y, 1948 , h e h as b e en ordin ar il y r esid ent in th e t err itory of Indi a sin ce th e d at e of his migr ation , or (i i ) i n th e c as e w h er e su ch p e rson h as so mig r ate d on o r af t er the nin et e en th d a y of Jul y, 1948, he h as b e en r eg ist er ed as a citi zen of Indi a b y an offi cer appoin t ed in th at b eh alf b y th e Gov e rn me nt of th e Do minion of Indi a on an app li c ation mad e b y hi m th er efor to su ch offi c e r b efo re th e co mmen cement of this Const itution in th e for m and mann er pr escrib ed b y th at G o v er n me n t : Provid ed th at no p erson sh all be so r egist er ed unl ess h e h as b een r esid ent in th e t err itor y of Indi a for at l e ast six months i mme d i at el y pr eceding th e d at e of his appl i cation . 7 . Rig hts of citiz enship of certain mi g rants to Pa kistan .— Notwiths t anding an ything in art icl es 5 and 6, a person who h a s aft er th e f irst d ay of Mar ch , 1947 , mi gr at ed fro m th e t erri tor y o f Indi a to th e t err itor y no w in cluded in P akist an sh al l no t b e d e eme d to b e a cit iz e n of Indi a: Provid ed th at nothing in th is arti cl e sh all appl y to a p e rson who , aft er h aving so migr at ed to th e t erri tor y no w in clud ed in P akis t an, h as r eturned to th e t err itor y of India und er a p er mi t for r es ett l e ment or p er man ent return is su ed b y or und er th e authori t y of an y l aw and ev er y su ch p erson sh all for th e purpos es of c l aus e (b) of arti cl e 6 b e d eemed to h av e migr ated to th e t erri tor y of Indi a aft er th e nin et e en th day of Jul y, 1948. 8 . Rig hts of citiz enship of certain p e rsons of Indian o rigin resid ing ou tsid e India . — Not wi thst and ing an ything in arti cl e 5 , an y p erson who or eith er of whos e p ar ents or an y of whos e gr andp ar ent s was born in Indi a as d efin ed in the Gov ern me nt of Indi a Act , 1935 (as origin all y enact ed) , and who is ordin ar il y r esid ing in an y countr y outs id e Indi a as so d efin ed sh all b e d e emed to b e a cit i z en of Ind i a if h e h as b e en regis t er ed as a citi zen of Indi a by th e diplo mati c or consul ar r epres ent a tiv e o f Indi a in th e countr y wh er e h e i s for th e ti me b eing r esid ing on an appli c ation mad e b y h i m th erefor to su ch diplo mati c or consul ar r epr es en t ativ e, wh eth er b efor e or aft er th e co mmen cemen t of this Const itution, in th e for m and ma nn er pr es crib ed b y th e Gov e rn me nt of th e Do minion of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a. 9 . Person s vo lunta ri ly a cqu i ring citiz ensh ip of a fo reign Stat e not to b e c i t iz en s . — No pe rson sh al l b e a c it i z en of Ind i a b y virtu e of artic l e 5 , o r b e
d e e me d to b e a c it i z en of Ind i a b y virtu e of artic l e 6 or arti cl e 8 , if h e h as volunt aril y acquir ed th e cit i z enship of an y for eign St at e. 10 . Cont inuan ce of th e rights of citiz en ship .— Ev er y p erson w ho is or is d eemed to b e a cit i z en of Ind i a und er an y of th e for egoing provision s of th is P a rt sh al l, subj ect to th e provision s of an y l a w th at ma y b e ma d e b y P arli a me nt , continu e to b e su ch citi zen . 11 . Pa rlia me n t to regulat e th e right of cit izenship by law .—Nothing in th e for egoing prov ision s of th is P a rt sh al l d erog a t e fro m th e power of P arli a me nt to ma k e an y provi sion with r esp ect to th e acquisit ion and t er min ation of citi zensh ip and all oth er matt ers r el ating to cit i z enship .
PART III FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS G e n er a l 12 . Def inition .—In this P art , unl ess th e cont ext oth er wis e r equir es , “th e St at e’’ in clud es th e Gov e rn ment and P arli a me nt of Indi a and the Gov e rn men t and th e Legisl atur e of each of th e St at es and all lo ca l or oth er authori ti es within the t err itor y of India or und er th e contro l of th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a. 13 . Law s in consi st ent w ith o r in d e rogation of th e funda me n tal right s. —(1) All l a ws in for ce in th e t erri tory of Indi a i mme di at el y b efo r e th e co mme n cement of this Const itution , in so f ar as th ey ar e in consist en t wi th the provis ions o f this P art , sh all , to the ext ent of su ch in consis t en c y, b e void . (2) Th e St at e shall not ma k e any l a w whi ch t akes away or abr idg es th e right s conf err ed b y this P art and an y law mad e in contr av ent ion of th is cl aus e sh al l, to th e ext ent of th e contr av ention , b e void . (3) In this ar ti cle, un l ess th e cont ext oth er wi s e r equir e s,— (a ) “ l a w ” in clude s an y Ord in an ce , o rd er, b ye- law , ru l e, r egul a tion , noti fi c ation , custo m or us ag e h aving in th e t err itor y of Indi a th e for ce of l a w; (b ) “ l aws in force” in clud es l aws p ass ed or mad e b y a Legis l atur e or oth er co mp et ent authori t y in the t e rritor y of Indi a b efor e th e co mmencemen t of this Consti tution and not pr eviousl y r ep e al ed , notwiths t anding th at an y su ch l a w or an y p art th er eof may not b e th en in op er ation eith er at al l o r in p arti cu lar a r e as . (4) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all appl y to an y amend ment of this Consti tution mad e und er arti cl e 368 . Right to Equali ty 14 . Equa lity b efo re law .— Th e St at e sh all no t den y to an y p e rson equ alit y b efor e th e l a w or th e equ al protection of th e l aws within th e t erri tor y of Indi a. 15 . Prohib ition of dis c ri mi nation on g rounds of religion , race, ca st e, s ex o r pla ce of bi rth .—(1 ) Th e St ate sh all not dis cri min at e ag ains t an y citi zen on grounds onl y of r el igion , r ace, ca st e, s ex , p l ace of birth or an y of th em. (2) No citi zen sh all , on grounds onl y of r eligion, r ace, cast e, s ex , p l ace o f bir th or an y of th em, b e subj ect to an y dis abil it y, li abil it y, r e striction or condit ion wi th reg ard to — (a ) acces s to shops , publi c r estaur ants , hot el s and pl aces of publi c e nt er t ain men t; or (b ) t h e us e of we ll s, t anks , b athing gh ats , ro ads and p l aces of publi c r eso rt ma i nt ain ed wholl y or p art l y ou t of St at e funds or d edi cat ed to th e us e of th e g en er al p u b l i c . (3) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all pr ev ent th e St ate fro m ma king an y sp e ci al provis ion for wo me n and chi ldren . (4) Nothing in this art i cl e or in cl aus e (2) of arti cl e 29 sh all pr ev ent th e St at e fro m ma k ing any sp eci al provi sion for th e adv an cement of an y so ci all y and e du c ation a ll y b ac k w ard cl ass es of cit i zen s or for th e S ch edul ed C a st es and th e S ch edul ed Trib es . 16 . Equa lity of oppo rtuni ty in ma t t e rs of publi c emp loy me n t.— ( 1 ) Th er e sh al l b e equ ali ty of opportunit y for all cit i z ens in ma tt ers r el a ting to emp lo yment or appoint me nt to an y offi ce und er th e St at e. (2) No citi zen sh all , on grounds onl y of r eligion, r ace, cast e, s ex , d e s c ent , pl ace of birth , resid en ce or an y of th em, b e in eligib l e for, or dis cri min a t ed ag ains t in r e spec t of , an y emplo yme nt or offi ce und er th e St ate. (3) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all pr ev ent P arl i a me nt fro m ma k ing a n y l aw pr es cr ibing , in reg ard to a cl ass or cl ass es of emplo yme nt or appoint me nt to an
offi ce und er th e Govern men t of , or an y lo cal o r oth er author it y within , a St at e or Union t erri tor y, an y r equir e ment as to r esid en c e within th at St ate or Un ion t err itor y prior to su ch emp lo yme nt or appoint me nt . (4) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all pr ev ent th e St ate fro m ma king an y provision for th e r es erv at ion of appoint me nts or posts in favour of an y b ack ward cl ass of cit i z ens whi ch , in th e opinion of th e St at e, is not ad equ at el y r epr es ent ed in th e s ervi ces und er th e St at e. (4 A) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all pr ev ent th e Stat e fro m mak ing an y p rovision for r es erv ation in matt ers of promo tion , with cons equ ent i al s eniori t y, to an y cl ass or cl ass es of post s in th e s erv i ces und er th e St at e in f avour of th e S ch edul ed Cast es and th e Sch edul ed Trib es whi ch, in th e opinion of th e Stat e, ar e not a d equ at el y r epre s ent ed in th e se rvi c es und er the St at e . (4 B) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all pr ev ent th e Stat e fro m considering an y unfi ll ed vacan c ies of a year which ar e r es erv ed for b eing fi ll ed up in th at year in accord an ce with an y p rovision for r es erv at ion ma d e und er cl ause (4) or cl aus e (4 A) as a s ep a r at e cl ass of v a c an ci es to b e fil l ed up in an y su c ce e ding ye ar or ye a rs and su ch cl ass of v a c an ci es sh all not b e consid er ed tog e th er with th e v acan ci es of th e year in wh i ch th ey ar e b eing fill ed up for d et ermi ning th e ceil ing o f f ift y p er cent . r es ervation on tot a l nu mb er of v acan ci es of th at year . (5) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all aff e ct th e op er ation of an y l a w whi ch provid es th at th e in cu mbent of an offi ce in conn ection with th e aff a irs of an y r eligiou s or d eno min ation a l ins titution or any memb er of th e gov erning bod y th er eof sh all b e a p erson prof essing a p arti cul ar r el igion or b e longing to a p articul ar d eno min ation . 17 . Abol ition of Untou chability. —“ Untou ch abi lit y’’ is abolish ed and its pr act i ce in an y for m is forbidd en . Th e enfor cement of an y dis abil it y arising out of “ Untou ch abilit y’’ sh all b e an off en ce punishabl e in accord ance with l a w. 18 . Abol ition of titl es.—(1) No ti tl e, no t b e ing a mi lit ar y or acad emi c dis tin ction , sh all b e conf err ed by th e St at e. (2) No citi zen of Indi a sh al l accept an y tit l e f rom an y for e ign St at e. (3) No person who is not a citi ze n of Indi a sh all, whi l e h e hold s an y o ffi ce of profi t o r trust und er th e St at e, accept without the cons ent of th e Pr esid ent an y ti tl e fro m an y for eign St ate. (4) No person holding an y offi ce of profit or trust und er th e Stat e sh al l, without th e cons ent of th e Pr esid ent , accept an y pr es ent , emo lumen t , o r of fi ce of an y kind fro m or und er an y for eign St at e. Right to Fr eedom 19 . Prot ection of certain rights rega rding f r ee do m of sp eech, et c. —(1) All c it i z ens sh all h av e th e right — (a ) t o fr eedo m of sp eech and expr ess ion; (b ) t o ass e mbl e p eaceabl y and withou t ar ms ; (c ) t o for m associ at ions or un ions; (d ) t o mov e fr eel y throughou t the t erri tor y of Indi a; (e ) t o r esid e and s ett l e in an y p art of th e t err itory of Indi a; and * * * * * (g ) t o pr acti s e an y prof ession , or to carr y on any o c cup ation , trad e or busin es s. (2) Nothing in sub- cl aus e ( a) of cl aus e (1) sh all aff e ct th e op er ation of an y exis ting l a w, or pr ev ent th e St ate fro m ma king an y l a w, in so f ar as su ch l aw i mpos es r e ason abl e r est ri ctions on th e ex er cis e of th e right conferr ed b y th e s aid sub- cl au s e in the int er es ts of the sov er eignt y and int egr it y o f Indi a, th e s e curit y of th e St at e, friendl y r el at ions with for eign St at es , publi c ord er, d ecen c y or
mo r ali t y, or in rel at ion to con t emp t of court , d ef a ma tion or in cit e me nt to an o f f en c e . (3) Nothing in sub- cl aus e ( b) of th e s aid cl aus e sh al l af f e ct th e op er at ion of an y exist ing l a w in so f ar as it imp os es , o r pr event th e St at e from mak ing an y law i mposing , in th e int er es ts of th e sov er eign t y and int egr it y o f Indi a or publi c ord er , r e ason able r estr i ctions on th e ex er cis e of th e righ t conf err ed b y th e s aid sub- cl au s e. (4) Nothing in sub- cl aus e ( c) of th e s aid cl aus e sh al l af f e ct th e op er at ion of a n y exi s t i n g l a w i n s o f ar as i t i mp os es , o r p r eve n t t h e S t at e f r o m mak ing an y l aw i mposing , in th e int er es ts of th e sov er eign t y and int egr it y o f Indi a or publi c ord er or mor ality, r e ason abl e r estr i ctions on th e ex er cis e of th e righ t conf err ed b y th e s aid sub-cl aus e . (5) Nothing in sub- cl aus e s ( d ) and ( e) of th e s aid cl aus e sh all aff e ct th e op er at ion of an y exist ing law in so f ar as it i mpos es , or pr ev ent th e St at e fro m ma k ing an y l aw i mposing , r e ason abl e r est ri ctions on th e ex er cise of an y of th e righ ts con f err ed b y th e s aid sub- cl aus e s eith er in th e int er es ts of th e g en er al publi c or for th e prot ect ion of the int er es ts of any S ch edul ed Trib e. (6) Nothing in sub- cl aus e ( g) of th e s aid cl aus e sh al l af f e ct th e op er at ion of an y exist ing l a w in so f ar as it imp os es , o r pr event th e St at e from mak ing an y law i mposing , in th e int er es ts of th e g en er al publi c , r e ason abl e r es tri ct ions on the ex er cis e of th e right conf er red by th e s aid sub- cl aus e , and , in p art i cul ar , no thing in th e s aid sub-cl aus e sh al l af f ect th e op er ation of an y existing law in so f a r as it r el a t es to, or pre v ent th e St at e fro m ma k ing an y l a w r el ating to ,— (i) th e prof ession al or t e chni cal qu ali fi c ations necess ar y for pr ac ti sing an y prof es sion o r carr ying on an y o ccup ation , tr ad e or busin ess , or (i i) th e car r ying on b y th e St at e, or b y a corpor ation o wn ed or contro ll ed b y th e St at e, of an y tr ad e, business , industr y or s ervi ce, wh eth er to th e ex clus ion, co mpl et e or p art i al , of cit i zen s or other wis e. 20 . Prot ection in resp ect of convi ct ion fo r offen c es .—(1 ) No p erson sh al l b e convi ct ed of any off en ce ex cept for viol ation of a l a w in fo r ce at th e ti me of the co mmi ssion of th e Act ch arged as an off en ce, nor b e subj ect ed to a p en alt y gr eat er th an th at whi ch might hav e b e en infli cted und er th e l aw in for c e at the ti me of th e co mmi ssion of th e off en ce. (2) No person sh all b e pros ecuted and pun ish ed for th e s a me off en ce mor e th an once. (3) No pe rson ac c us ed of an y o ff en c e sh all b e co mp ell ed to b e a w itn ess ag ains t h i ms elf. 21 . Prot ection of lif e and p e rsonal lib erty.—No person sh all b e d epriv ed of his l if e o r p er son al lib ert y ex cept according to pro c edur e est ablish ed b y l a w. 1
22 . Pro t ection agains t a rrest and d et ention in certain cas es . —(1) No p erson who is arr est ed sh all be det ain ed in custod y without b eing infor med , as soon as ma y b e , of th e grounds for su ch arr est nor sh all h e b e deni ed th e right to consul t, and to b e d ef end ed b y, a l eg al pr actit ion er of his choice. (2) Ev er y p erson who i s ar r est ed and d e t ain ed in custod y sh all b e produ ced b efor e th e n e ar est ma gist r at e within a p eriod of t w ent y-fou r hours of su ch arr est ex cluding th e t ime n ecess ar y for th e journ e y fro m th e p l ace of arr es t to the court of th e ma gistr ate and no su ch person sh al l b e det ain ed in custod y b e yond th e said p eriod withou t th e authorit y of a ma g istr at e . (3) Nothing in cl aus es (1) and (2) sh all appl y— (a) to an y p erson who for th e t ime b e ing is an en emy ali en; or (b) to an y p erson who i s ar r est ed or d et ain ed und er an y l a w providing for pr ev ent iv e d et ention .
______________________________________________ 1.On the commencement of s. 3 of the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978, art. 22 shall stand amended as directed in s. 3 of that Act. For the text of s. 3 of that Act, see Appendix III.
(4) No l aw providing for pr ev entiv e d et en tion sh all author is e the d et ention of a p erson for a long er p eriod th an thr ee months unl ess — (a) an Adv isor y Bo ard consist ing of p ersons who ar e, or h av e been , o r ar e qu ali fi ed to b e appoint ed as , Judg es of a High Court h as r eport ed b efor e th e expir a tion o f the s aid p eriod of thr ee months that th er e is in i ts opinion suff i ci ent caus e for su ch d et ention: Provid ed th at nothing in th is sub- cl aus e sh all author is e th e d e tention of a n y p erson b e yond th e max i mu m p eriod pr es cribe d b y an y l a w ma d e b y P arl i a ment und er sub- cl aus e (b) of cl aus e (7); or (b) su ch p erson is d et a in ed in accord an ce with th e provision s of an y l aw ma d e b y P ar li ame n t und er sub-c l aus es (a) and (b ) of cl aus e (7). (5) Wh en an y person is d et a ined in pursu an ce of an ord er mad e und er an y l a w provid ing fo r prev entiv e d et en tion , th e au thority ma k ing th e ord er sh all , as soon as ma y b e , co mmu ni c at e to su ch p erson th e grounds on wh i ch th e ord er h as b e en ma d e and sh al l afford hi m th e ea rl i est opportunit y of ma king a r epr es en t ation ag ains t the ord er . (6) Nothing in cl aus e (5) sh al l requir e th e authori t y ma king an y su ch ord er as is r ef er r ed to in th at cl au se to dis clos e f acts which su ch authority consid ers to be ag ains t the publi c int e rest to disclos e . ( 7 ) P ar l i a men t ma y b y l a w p r esc r i b e — (a) th e cir cu msta n c es und er wh ic h , and th e cl ass or cl ass es of ca s es in whi ch , a p erson ma y b e d et a in ed for a p e riod long er th an thr ee months und er an y l a w p roviding for pr ev en tive d et ention without obt ain ing the opinion of an Advisor y Bo ard in accord an ce with th e provi sions of sub- cl aus e (a) of cl aus e (4); (b) th e ma xi mum p e riod for whi ch an y p erson ma y i n an y cl ass or cl ass es of cas es b e d et ain ed und er an y law p roviding for pr ev entiv e d etention ; and ( c) th e pro c edure to b e follo wed b y an Advisor y Bo ard in an inquir y und er sub- cl au s e (a ) of cl aus e (4) . Right agains t Ex ploi tation 23 . Proh ibition of t raffi c in huma n b e ings and fo rced labou r . — ( 1 ) Tr a f f i c in hu ma n b e ings and b ega r an d oth er si mi l ar for ms of for c ed l abour ar e prohib it ed and an y contr av ention of this provis ion sh all b e an off en ce punish abl e in accord an ce with l a w. (2) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all pr ev ent th e St ate fro m i mpo sing co mpu lsor y s ervi ce for publi c purpos es , and in i mposing su ch s ervi c e th e Stat e sh al l not ma k e an y di scrimi n ation on grounds onl y of r eligion , r ace, caste or cl ass or any o f t h e m. 24 . Proh ibition of employ me n t of child ren in fa cto ri e s, et c. — No child b elo w th e ag e of fourt e en years sh all b e emp lo yed to wo rk in any f a ctor y or mine or eng ag ed in an y oth er h azardous emplo yme nt. Right to Fr eedom of Religion 25 . Freedo m o f cons ci en ce and f r ee p rof ession , p ra cti ce and propagation of relig ion. —(1) Subj ect to publ i c ord er , mo r alit y and h e alth and to th e oth er provis ions of this P art , all p ersons ar e equ all y enti tl ed to fr eedo m o f cons ci en ce and th e right fr ee l y to prof ess , pr act is e and propag at e r elig ion. (2) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all aff e ct th e op er ation of an y existing l a w or pr ev ent th e St ate fro m ma king an y l a w— (a) r egul ating or r estr i cting an y econo mi c, fin an ci al , poli ti c al or oth er s e cul ar a ct ivit y w hi ch ma y b e asso ci a t ed wi th re lig ious pr a cti ce ;
(b) provid ing for so ci al welf ar e and r efor m or the thro wing op en of Hindu r el igious insti tution s of a publi c ch ar act er to all cl ass es and s e ction s of Hindus. Explanation I . —T h e w e ar i n g and c ar r yin g o f kirpans sh al l b e deemed to b e in clud ed in th e prof es sion o f the Sikh r eligion . Explanation II .— In sub- cl aus e (b) of cl aus e (2), th e r ef er en c e to Hindus sh all b e constru ed as in clud ing a r ef er en ce to p ersons prof essing th e Sikh , J ain a or Buddhist r e ligion , and th e r ef eren ce to Hindu relig ious insti tutions sh al l b e constru ed accordingl y. 26 . Freedo m t o ma n ag e religious affai rs . —Subj ect to publ i c ord er , mo r alit y and h e alth , ev ery r elig ious d enomi n ation or an y s e ct ion ther eof sh al l h av e th e righ t— (a) to est ab lish and maint ain inst itutions for r eligiou s and ch arit abl e purpos es ; (b) to man ag e its o wn aff airs in mat t ers of r el igion; ( c) to o wn and ac quir e mov abl e a nd i mmov ab l e prop ert y; and (d) to ad minist er su ch prop ert y in a c cord an c e with l a w . 27 . F r e edo m a s to pay me nt of tax es fo r p ro motion of any par ti cu la r relig ion.— No pe rson sh al l b e co mp ell ed to p a y a n y t ax es , the pro c e eds of whi ch ar e sp ecif icall y appropri a t ed in p a yment of exp ens es for th e promo tion or ma i nt en an c e of an y p arti cul ar relig ion o r r e ligious d eno min ation . 28 . Freedo m a s to att endan ce at relig ious inst ru ction o r religious w orship in certain edu cationa l institutions .—(1) No r elig ious instru ct ion sh all b e provid ed in an y edu c ation a l institu tion who ll y mai nt ain ed out of St at e funds . (2) Nothing in cl aus e (1) sh al l appl y to an edu c ation a l institu tion whi ch is ad minis ter ed b y th e St at e but h as b e en est abli shed und er an y endo wmen t o r trust whi ch r equir es th at r el igious instru ction sh all b e i mp art ed in su ch inst itution . (3) No person att ending an y education a l institu tion r e cognis ed b y th e St at e or r eceiv ing aid out of St at e funds sh al l b e r equir ed to t ak e p art in an y r eligious ins tru ction th at may b e i mp art ed in su ch insti tution or to att end an y r eligious worship th at ma y b e condu ct ed in su ch insti tution or in an y pr emi s es att a ch ed th er eto unl ess su ch p erson or , if su ch p erson is a mino r, his guardi an h as giv en his cons ent th ereto . Cultura l and Edu cationa l Righ ts 29 . Prot ection of int erest s of mi n o riti es.—(1) An y s ection of th e citi zens r esid ing in th e terri tor y of Indi a or an y p ar t th ereof h aving a distin ct l angu ag e, s crip t o r cu ltur e of its o wn sh all h av e th e right to cons erv e th e same. (2) No citi zen sh all b e d eni ed ad mission in to an y edu c ation al inst itution ma i nt ain ed b y th e St at e or r eceiving aid out of St at e funds on grounds onl y of r el ig i o n , r a c e , ca s t e , l an g u ag e o r an y o f t h e m. 30 . Righ t of mi no rit i es to es tabli sh and ad mi nis ter edu cat ional inst itutions. — (1) All minorit i es , wh eth er bas ed on r eligion or l angu ag e, shall h av e th e right to est ab lish and ad minis ter edu cation a l institu tions of th eir choi ce. (1 A) In mak ing an y l a w p roviding for th e co mpulsor y acqui sition of an y prop ert y of an edu c ation a l institution es t ablish ed and ad min ist er ed b y a minor ity, r ef err ed to in claus e (1) , th e St at e sh al l ensu re th at th e amount fix ed b y or d et er min ed under su ch l a w for th e acquisi tion of su ch prop ert y is su ch as wou ld not r est ri ct or abrog at e th e right gu ar ant e ed und er th at cl aus e . (2) Th e St at e shall not , in gr anting aid to edu c ation al in stitut ions , dis cri min at e ag ains t an y education a l institu tion on th e ground th at it is und er th e man agement of a minorit y, wh eth er b as ed on r el igion or l angu ag e.
* * * 31 . [ Compul sory a cquisi tion o f prop ert y .] Rep . b y th e Constitu tion (F ort yfour th A m end m ent ) A c t , 1 9 7 8 , s . 6 (w . e .f . 2 0 - 6 - 1 9 7 9 ) . Sa ving of Certain La ws 31 A. Savi ng of law s p roviding fo r a cquisi tion of estat es , et c.— (1) Not withs t anding an ything cont ain ed in art icl e 13 , no l a w provid ing fo r— (a) th e acquisi tion b y th e S t at e of an y est at e or of an y rights ther ein or th e extingu ish men t or modifi cat ion of an y su ch rights , or (b) th e t aking ov er of th e man ag e me nt of an y prop ert y b y th e St at e for a li mi t ed p er iod eith er in the publi c int e rest or in ord er to s e cur e th e prop er ma n a g e men t of th e prop ert y, or (c) the amalgamation of two or more corporations either in the public interest or in order to secure the proper management of any of the corporations, or (d) th e extingu ish ment or mod ifi cat ion o f an y rights of ma n aging ag ents , s e cr et ari es and tr easur er s, ma n aging dir e cto rs , dir ectors or ma nag ers of corpor at ions , or of an y vo ting rights of sh ar ehold ers th er eof , or ( e) th e extingu ish ment or mod ifi cat ion o f an y rights accruing by virtu e of an y agr eemen t, l e as e or li cen c e for th e purpos e of s e ar ching for, o r winn ing, an y min er al or mi n er al oil , or th e pr ematur e t ermi n ation or cancell a tion of an y su ch agr e e me nt , l e as e or li c en c e, sh al l b e d eemed to b e vo id on th e ground th at it is in cons ist ent with , o r t ak es away o r abr idg es an y of th e rights conf err ed b y arti cle 14 or arti cl e 19: P rovid ed th at wh er e su ch l aw is a l a w mad e by th e Legisl ature of a S t at e, th e provis ions of this art i cl e sh all not appl y th er eto unl ess su ch l a w, h av ing b e en r es erv ed for th e c onsid er at ion of th e Pr esid en t, h as r e c eiv ed his a ss ent: Provid ed furth er th at wh er e an y l a w ma k es an y provision for th e acquisit ion b y th e St at e of a n y est at e and w h er e an y l and c o mpris ed th er ein is h eld b y a p erson und er his p erson al cul tiv ation , it sh al l not b e l a wful for th e St at e to acquir e an y portion of su ch l and as is within th e ceiling l i mit appli c ab l e to h i m und er an y l a w for th e ti me b eing in for ce or any building or st ru ctur e st and ing th er eon or appurt en an t ther eto , unl ess th e l a w rel at ing to th e acquis ition of su ch l and , building or stru ctur e, provid es for p a yment of co mp ens ation at a r at e which sh al l no t b e l es s th an th e mark et v alu e th er eof . (2) In this articl e ,— (a) th e expr ess ion ‘‘ est a t e’’ sh all , in r el at ion to a n y lo c al ar e a, h av e th e s a me meaning as th at expr ess ion or its lo cal equiv al en t h as in th e exist ing l a w r el a ting to l and t enur es in for ce in th at ar ea and sh al l also in clud e— (i) an y jagi r, ina m or muaf i or oth er si mi l ar g ra nt and in th e St at e s of T a mi l N ad u an d K e r al a , an y janma m r ight; (i i ) an y l and h eld und er r yot wari s et tl e men t; (i i i ) an y l and h eld or l et for purpos es of agri cultur e or for purpos es an cil l ar y th er eto , in cluding wast e l and , for est land , l and for p astur e or si t es o f bu ildings and oth er structur es o c cupi ed b y cultiv ators of l and , agri cu ltur al l abour ers and vil lag e artis an s; (b) th e expr ess ion ‘‘righ ts’’ , in r el a tion to an est at e , sh all in clud e an y righ ts v e sting in a p ropri etor , sub-propr i etor , und er-propr i etor , tenur e-hold e r,
r a i ya t, u n d er- r a i yat or oth er in ter medi ar y and an y rights or privil eg es in r esp ect of l and rev enu e. 31 B. Val idation of certain Acts and Regu lations .—Withou t prejudi ce to th e g en er al it y o f the provision s cont ain ed in art i cl e 31 A, non e of the Acts and Regul at ions sp ec if i ed in th e Ninth S ch edul e nor an y of th e p rovis ions th er eof sh al l b e d eemed to b e vo id, or ev er to h av e become vo id, on th e ground th at su ch Act , Regu l ation or provis ion is in consis t ent with, o r t ak es away or abridg es an y of th e right s conf err ed b y, an y provis ions of this P art , and notwiths t anding any judg me nt , d e cr ee or ord er of any court or Tribun al to th e contr ar y, each of th e s aid Acts and Re gul at ions sh all, subj ect to th e po wer of an y comp et ent Legisl atur e to rep e al or amend it , continu e in for c e. 31 C. Savi ng of law s giving eff ect to certain directiv e p rin cip les .— Not withs t anding an ything cont ain ed in arti cl e 13, no l a w giving eff e ct to th e 1 poli c y of th e Stat e to wards s e cu ring [ a ll or any of th e prin ciples l aid do wn in P art I V ] sh all be d eemed to b e void on th e ground th at it is in consi st ent with , or t ak es away or abridg es an y of th e rights conf err ed b y arti cl e 14 or arti cl e 19; 2 and no la w contain ing a d e claration tha t it is for gi ving eff ect to su ch poli cy shal l b e call ed in qu estion in any court on th e ground that i t does not gi ve eff e ct to su ch poli c y: Provid ed th at wh er e su ch l a w is ma d e b y th e Legis l atur e of a Stat e, th e provis ions of this art i cl e sh all not appl y th er eto unl ess su ch l a w, h av ing b e en r es erv ed for th e c onsid er at ion of th e Pr esid en t, h as r e c eiv ed his a ss ent . 3 1 D. [Sa ving of la ws in r esp ect of anti-na tional a cti viti es .] R ep . b y th e Consti tution (F ort y- third Amend m ent ) Act ,1977, s .2 (w . e . f .13-4-1978 ). Right to Consti tutiona l Remedi es 32 . Reme d i es fo r enfo rcemen t of rights conf erred by this Part .—(1 ) Th e righ t to mov e the Supr eme Court b y appropri at e pro ceedings for th e enfor cement of th e right s conf err ed b y this P art is gu ar an teed . (2) Th e Supr eme Court sh all h av e power to issue dir e ction s or ord ers or writs , in clud ing wr its in th e n atur e of h a b eas cor p u s , m a n d a mus , prohibi tion , quo warranto and cert iorari , wh i ch ev er ma y b e appropri a t e, for th e enfor c ement of byethe Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) an1.y Subs. of th rights conf err ed b y this P art . Act, 1976, s. 4, for “the principles specified in clause (b) or clause (c) of article 39” (w.e.f. 3.1.1977). Section 4 has been declared invalid by the (3)Supreme Without pr ejudi ce to th e powers conf errofedIndia on and th eothers Supr(1980) eme s.Court b y cl aus es Court in Minerva Mills Ltd. and others vs. Union 2, S.C.C. 591. (2) , P a rli a me nt ma y b y law empo wer any oth er court to ex er cis e with in (1) and Kesavananda State Kerala the Supreme th 2. e In lo cal l i mits Bharati of its vs. juthe risdi ct of ion all (1973),Supp. or an y of S.C.R.1., th e powers ex erCourt cis abheld l e bthe y th e in italics to be invalid. S u p rprovisions e me Cou rt u n d er cl aus e ( 2 ) . (4) Th e right guar ant eed b y this arti cle sh all not b e susp end ed ex cept as oth er wis e prov id ed for b y this Consti tution . 3 2 A . [ Cons titut ional valid it y of Stat e la ws not to b e con sid er ed in pro ceedings und er arti cl e 32.] Rep . b y th e Const itution (F ort y- third Am endment ) Act , 1977, s . 3 (w . e .f . 1 3 - 4 - 1 9 7 8 ) .
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33 . Pow er of Parlia me n t to modify th e rights conf erred by this Pa rt in th ei r appl i cation to Fo rces, et c. —P ar li amen t may, b y l a w, d et er min e to wh at ext ent an y of the rights conf er red b y this P art sh all , in th eir appli cation to ,— (a ) t h e me mb ers of th e A r med For c es; or (b ) t h e me mb er s of th e For c es ch arg ed with th e ma i nt en an ce of publi c ord er; or (c ) p e rsons emplo yed in an y bureau or oth er organis a tion est ablish ed b y th e St at e for purpos es of int e lligen ce or count er int e llig en ce; or (d ) p e rsons emplo yed in , or in conn ection with , th e t el e co mmu ni cat ion s ys tems s et up for th e purpos es of an y For c e, bur eau or org anis ation r ef e rr ed to in cl aus es (a ) to ( c) ,
b e r estr i ct ed o r a brog at ed so as to ensur e th e prop er dis ch arg e of th eir dut i es and th e maint en an c e of dis cipl in e amo ng th em 34 . Rest ri ct ion on rights conf erred by this Pa rt w hil e ma rtia l law is in fo rce in any a rea .—Not with st anding an ything in th e for egoing provis ions of this P art , P arli a me nt ma y b y l a w indemn if y an y person in th e s ervi ce of th e Un ion or of a St at e or any oth er p erson in r esp ect of an y act don e b y him i n conn ection with th e maint en an ce or r estor ation of ord er in an y ar ea within th e t err itor y of Indi a wh er e marti a l l aw was in for ce or v alid at e an y s ent en ce p ass ed , punish me nt inf li ct ed , forf eitur e ord er ed or oth er act don e und er ma rti al l a w in su ch ar ea. 35 . Leg islation to giv e eff e ct to th e p rovisions of this Pa rt .— Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion ,— (a) P arl i a ment sh all h av e , and th e Legisl atur e of a St at e sh all not h av e , po wer to mak e laws— (i) with r esp ect to an y of th e matt ers whi ch under cl aus e (3) of art i cl e 16 , cl aus e (3) of arti cl e 32 , articl e 33 and ar ti cle 34 ma y b e provid ed for b y l a w ma d e b y P arl i a ment ; and (i i) for p r es cribing punish me nt for thos e acts whi ch ar e d e cl ar ed to b e off en c es und er this P art ; and P arli a me nt sh al l, as soon as ma y b e aft er the co mme n cement of this Consti tution , ma k e l a ws for pr es crib ing pun ishmen t for th e acts r ef err ed to in sub- cl au s e ( ii); (b) an y l a w in for ce i mme d i at ely b efor e th e comme n cemen t of thi s Consti tution in th e t err itor y of Indi a with r esp ec t to an y of th e mat t ers r ef err ed to in sub- cl aus e ( i) o f cl aus e (a) or providing for puni sh me nt for an y a c t r ef err ed to in sub- cl aus e ( i i) of th at cl aus e sh all , subj e ct to th e t er ms th er eof and to an y ad apt ations and mod ifi c ations th at ma y be ma d e th er ein und er arti cl e 372 , con tinu e in for ce unti l al t er ed or r ep e al ed or amend ed b y P arl i a ment . Explanation . —In this art i cl e , the expr ession "l aw in for c e'' h a s th e s a me mean ing as in arti cl e 372 .
PART IV DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY 36 . Def inition .—In this P art , unl ess th e cont ext oth er wis e r equir es , ‘‘th e St at e’’ h a s the same mean ing as in P art III . 37 . App li cation of th e p r in ciples contain ed in thi s Pa rt .— Th e p r o v i s i o n s cont ain ed in th is P art sh al l no t b e enfor ceabl e b y an y cou rt , but th e prin cip l es th er ein laid do wn ar e n ev erth el ess fund ament al in th e gov ern an ce of th e countr y and it sh all b e th e dut y of th e St at e to appl y th es e prin cip l es in ma k ing l a ws . 38 . Stat e to s e cu re a so cial o rder fo r th e p ro motion of w elfa re of th e p eopl e .—(1) The St at e sh all s triv e to pro mot e the welf ar e of th e p eopl e b y s e curing and prot e ct ing as eff ec tiv e l y a s i t ma y a so ci al ord er in whi ch just ic e, so ci al, econo mic and po liti cal, sh al l infor m al l th e ins titution s of th e n ation al l i f e. (2) Th e St at e shall , in p arti cu l ar, striv e to minimi s e th e in equ alit i es in in co me, and end e avour to eli min at e in equ ali ti es in st atus , f a cili ti es and opportun iti es , not onl y amongst individu als but also amongst groups of p eopl e r esiding in di ff er ent a r e as or eng ag ed in diff er ent v oc a tion s. 39 . Certa in p r in cipl es of pol i cy to b e fo llow ed by th e S tat e.— Th e S t a te sh al l, in p art i cul ar , dir e ct i ts poli c y to wards s e curing — (a ) t h at th e ci ti ze ns , men and wo me n equ a ll y, hav e th e right to an ad equ at e me ans of liv elihood; (b ) t h at th e o wnership and control of th e ma t erial r esour ces of th e co mmun it y ar e so distr ibut ed as b est to subs erv e th e co mmon good; (c ) t h at th e op eration of th e econo mi c s yst em do es not r esul t in th e con c entr at ion o f wealth and means of produ ction to th e co mmon d etr i ment ; (d ) t h at th er e i s e qu al p a y for equ al work for both men and wo me n; (e ) t h at th e h e alth and str ength of work ers , me n and wo me n , and th e t end er ag e of childr en ar e not abus ed and th at cit i z ens ar e not for c ed by econo mi c n ecessi t y to en ter avo c ations unsui t ed to their ag e or str ength ; (f ) t h at ch ildr en ar e giv en opportuni ti es and f a cili ti es to d ev elop in a h e alth y ma nn er and in conditions of fr eedo m and dignit y and that childhood and youth ar e prot ect ed ag ains t exploi t ation and ag ainst mor al and ma t eri al a b an d o n me n t . 3 9 A . Eq u a l j u s ti c e a n d f r e e l eg a l a i d .— Th e Stat e sh al l s e cur e th at th e op er at ion of th e l eg al s yst em pro mot es just i c e, on a b a sis of equ al opportun it y, a nd sh all , in p arti cu l ar , prov id e fr e e l eg al aid , by suit ab l e l eg isla tion or s ch e me s or in an y oth er way, to ensur e th at opportun iti es for s e curing just i c e ar e not d eni ed to an y citi zen b y r e ason of econo mi c o r oth er dis ab ilit i es . 17 .— Th e St at e sh all t ak e st eps to 40 . Organi sation of villag e panchayats org anis e vi ll ag e p an ch a yats and endow th em with su ch po wers and authorit y as may b e n e cess ary to en abl e th em t o fun ction as units of s elf -gov ern ment . 41 . Righ t to w ork, t o edu cat ion and to pub li c assis tan ce in certain cas es .— Th e St at e sh all , within th e l i mits of its econo mic cap acit y and dev elop ment , mak e eff e ctiv e provis ion for s ecuring th e righ t to work , to edu cation and to publi c ass ist an ce in cas es of unemp lo yment , o ld ag e, s i ckn ess and dis abl ement, a nd in oth er c ase s of und es erv ed wan t. 42 . Prov ision fo r just and huma n e cond itions of w ork and ma t e rnity reli e f. —Th e S t at e sh al l ma k e provis ion fo r s e curing jus t and human e cond itions of work and for mat e rnit y r e li ef .
4 3 . L i v i n g w age , e t c. , f o r w orke r s . — Th e S t ate s h all end e av o u r t o s e cur e , b y sui t abl e l egisl ation or econo mi c org anis at ion o r in an y o th er way, to all wo rk ers , agri cu ltur al , industr i al or oth erwis e, work , a living wag e, condit ions of work ensuring a d ecent st and ard of lif e and full enjoymen t of l eisur e and so ci al and cultu r al opportunit i es and, in p art i cul ar , th e S t at e sh al l end e avour to pro mot e cott ag e indus tries on an individu al or co-op er ativ e b asis in rur al ar eas . 43 A. Pa rti c ipation of w orkers in ma nag e me nt of indust ri es .— Th e S t a t e sh al l t ak e s t eps, b y suit abl e l egisl ation or in an y oth er way, to secur e th e p art i cip ation of w ork ers in th e ma n a g e men t of und ert ak ings, est abl ish men ts or oth er org ani s ations eng ag ed in an y industr y. 44 . Un ifo r m civil cod e fo r th e cit iz ens.—Th e St at e sh all end eavour to s e cur e for th e cit i z ens a unifor m civil cod e throughout th e t erri tor y o f Indi a. 45 . Prov ision fo r f ree and comp u lso ry edu cation fo r child re n .— Th e S t at e sh al l end e avour to provid e , within a p eriod of t en years fro m th e co mme n cement of this Const itution , for fr ee and co mpu lsor y education for al l child r en un til th ey co mpl et e th e age of fourt e en years . 46 . Pro mo tion of edu cational and econo mi c int erests of S chedul ed Cast es , S ch edul ed T ribe s and oth e r w ea ke r s e ctions .—Th e St ate sh all pro mot e with sp eci a l car e th e edu c ation a l and econo mi c int er est s of th e weak er s e ction s of th e p eopl e, and, in p art i cul ar , of the S ch edul ed Ca st es and th e S ch edul ed Trib es , and sh al l pro t ect th em f ro m so ci al injus ti ce and al l for ms of exploit ation . 47 . Duty of th e Stat e to ra is e th e l ev el of nut rit ion and th e standa rd of liv ing and to imp r o v e pub li c h ealth . —Th e Stat e sh al l r eg ard th e r ais ing o f the l ev el of nutr ition and th e st and ard of living of its p eopl e and th e i mprov emen t o f publi c h e al th as among i ts pri mar y duti es and , in p arti cu lar, th e St at e sh all end e avour to bring about prohibit ion o f the consu mption ex cept for me di cin al purpos es of intoxi cat ing dr inks and of drugs whi ch ar e injur ious to h e alth . 48 . Organi sation of ag ri cultu re and ani ma l husband ry .— Th e S t at e sh all end e avour to org anis e agri cu ltur e and ani mal husb andr y on mod ern and s ci entifi c lin es an d sh al l, in p art i cul ar , t ak e st ep s for pr es erving an d i mproving th e br eeds , and prohibi ting th e sl augh ter, of cows and calv es and oth er mil ch and d r aught c a t t l e. 48 A. Prot ect ion and i mp rov ement of envi ronmen t a nd sa f egua rding of fo rests and w ild lif e. —Th e St at e sh al l end e avour to prot ect and i mprov e th e environ ment and to s af egu ard th e for ests and wild l if e of th e countr y. 49 . Prot ection of mo nu me nts and pla c es and obj e cts of national i mp o rtan c e .—I t sh all b e th e oblig at ion o f th e Stat e to prot ect ever y monu ment or pl ace or obj ect of arti sti c or histor i c int er est , decl ar ed b y or und er l a w mad e b y P arl i a ment to b e of n ation al i mport an ce, fro m spoli a tion , d isfigur ement , d estru ction , remov al , dispos al or export , as th e cas e ma y b e . 50 . Separa tion of judi cia ry f rom ex ecut iv e.—T h e St at e sh all ta k e st eps to s ep ar at e th e judi ci ar y f ro m th e ex ecutiv e in th e publi c s ervi c es of th e St at e. 51 . Pro mo tion of int e rnat ional p ea ce and s e cu rity .—Th e St at e sh al l e n d e av o u r t o — (a ) p ro mot e int ern at ion al peace and s e curit y; (b ) ma i nt ain just and honor abl e r el a tions b et w een n ations ; (c ) f ost er r e sp ect for int e rnational l a w and tr eaty oblig at ions in th e d e aling s of org ani zed p eopl es with on e anoth er; and (d ) en cour ag e sett l e men t of in tern at ion al d isput es b y arbit ration .
PART IVA FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES 5 1 A . Fu n d a me n ta l d u t i e s . —It sh all b e th e dut y of ev er y citi zen of Indi a— (a ) t o abid e b y th e Constitu tion and r esp ect its id eals and inst itution s, th e Nation al Fl ag and th e Nation al Anth em; (b ) t o ch erish and follo w th e nobl e id eal s whi ch inspir ed our n ation a l strugg l e for fr eedo m; (c ) t o uphold and prot ect th e sov er eign t y, unit y and int egrit y of Indi a; (d ) t o d ef end the countr y and r end er n ation al s ervi ce wh en ca ll ed upon to do so; (e ) t o pro mot e har mon y and the spir it of co mmon broth erhood amo ngst all th e p eopl e of Indi a tr ans c end ing r elig ious, l inguis ti c and r eg ional or s e ction a l div ers iti es; to renoun ce pr acti ce s d erog ator y to th e dignit y of wo men ; (f ) t o v alu e and pr es erv e th e ri ch h erit ag e of our co mposit e cultur e; (g ) t o prot ect and i mprov e th e natur a l envi ron ment in clud ing for est s, l ak es , riv ers and wild lif e, and to h av e co mp as sion for liv ing creatur es ; (h ) t o d ev elop th e s ci ent ifi c t emp er , hu ma nis m and th e spirit of inquir y a nd r efor m; (i ) t o s af egu ard publi c prop er t y and to abjur e viol en ce; (j ) t o s triv e to wa rds ex cell en ce in all sph er e s of individu al and coll ectiv e activ it y so th at th e n ation constantl y r is es to high er l ev els of end e avour and a c h i ev e me n t .
PART V THE UNION C HA P TE R I.—T H E E X EC U TI VE Th e Pr esid ent and Vi ce- Pr esid ent 52 . Th e P r esid ent of India .— Th er e sh all b e a Pr esid en t o f Indi a . 53 . Ex ecut iv e pow e r o f th e Union .—(1 ) Th e executiv e po wer of th e Union sh al l b e v est ed in th e Pr esid ent a nd sh all b e ex er cis ed b y hi m e ith er dir e c tl y or through off i cers subordin at e to hi m in accord ance with this Const itution . (2) Without pr ejudi ce to th e g ener al it y of th e for egoing provi sion , th e supr eme co mmand of th e Def en c e For c es of th e Un ion shall b e v est ed in th e Pr esid en t and th e ex er cis e th er eof sh al l b e r egul at ed b y l a w . (3) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all— (a ) b e d e e med to tr ansf er to th e Pr esid ent an y fun ction s conf e rre d b y an y exis ting l a w on th e Gov ern me nt of an y S t at e or oth er author it y; or
(b ) p r ev ent P arli a me nt fro m conf err ing b y l a w fun ction s on authori ti es oth er th an th e Pr esid en t. 54 . El ection of Presid ent . —The Pr esid ent sh all b e el ect ed b y th e me mb ers of a n el e ct o r al col le g e co n s i s t in g o f — (a ) t h e el ect ed me mb er s o f bo th Hous es of P a rli a me nt ; and (b ) t h e el ect ed me mb er s o f the Legisl ativ e As semb li es of th e St at es. Explanation . —In this art i cl e and in arti cl e 55 , ‘‘St a t e’’ in clud es th e Nation al Capit a l Terr itory of Delhi and th e Un ion t erritor y of Pondi ch erry. 55 . Mann er of el ect ion of Presid ent . —(1 ) As f ar as pr acti cab le, th er e sh all b e unifor mit y in th e s c al e of r epr es ent a tion of th e diff er en t St ates at th e el ection of th e Pr esid en t. (2) For th e purpos e of s e curing su ch unifor mi t y among th e St ates int er s e as well as p arit y bet w een th e St at es as a whol e and th e Un ion, th e nu mb er of vo t es whi ch each el ect ed me mb er of Parl i a ment and of th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y of each St at e is entit l ed to cas t at su ch el ection sh all b e d et er min ed in th e follo wing ma n n er: — (a ) e v e r y el e ct ed me mb er of th e L e gisl at iv e Asse mb l y of a S ta t e sh all h av e as man y vo t es as th er e ar e mu ltipl es of on e thous and in th e quoti ent obt ain ed b y dividing th e popul at ion o f the St at e b y th e tot al nu mb er of the el ect ed me mb e r s o f the A ss e mbl y; (b ) i f , aft er t aking th e s aid multipl e s of on e thous and , th e r e maind er is not l ess th an f iv e hundr ed , th en th e vot e of each me mb er r ef err ed to in sub- cl aus e (a ) s h al l b e fur th er in cr e as ed b y on e; (c ) e a c h e l e ct ed member of either House of Parliament shall have such number of votes as may be obtained by dividing the total number of votes assigned to the members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States under sub-clauses (a) and (b) by the total number of the elected members of both Houses of Parliament, fractions exceeding one-half being counted as one and other fractions being disregarded. (3) The election of the President shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting at such election shall be by secret ballot. Explanation.— In this article, the expression ‘‘population’’ means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published: Provided that the reference in this Explanation to the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published shall, until the relevant figures for the first census taken after the year 2026 have been published, be construed as a reference to the 1971 census. 56. Term of office of President.—(1) The President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office: Provided that— (a ) t h e Pr esid ent may, b y writing und er his h and addr ess ed to th e Vi cePr esid en t, r es ign his offi ce; (b ) t h e Pr esid ent may, for vio l ation of th e Constitu tion , b e r e mov ed fro m offi ce b y i mp e ac h ment in th e ma nn er provid ed in arti cle 61; (c ) t h e Pr esid ent sh al l, not with st anding th e expir at ion of hi s term, continu e to hold offi ce unti l h is su ccessor ent e rs upon h is offi ce. (2) Any resignation addressed to the Vice-President under clause (a) of the proviso to clause (1) shall forthwith be communicated by him to the Speaker of the House of the People. 57. Eligibility for re-election.—A person who holds, or who has held, office as President shall, subject to the other provisions of this Constitution, be eligible for re-election to that office. 58. Qualifications for election as President.—(1) No person shall be eligible for election as President unless he— (a ) i s a citi zen of Indi a,
(b ) h a s co mpl eted th e ag e of th irt y- fiv e years , and (c ) i s qu al ifi ed for el ect ion as a me mb er of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e. (2) A p erson shall not b e elig ibl e for el ect ion as Pr esid en t if h e holds an y offi ce of prof it und er th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of an y St at e or und er an y lo cal or oth er authorit y subj ect to th e control of an y of th e s aid G o v er n me n t s . Explanation . —For th e purpos es of this ar ti cl e, a p erson sh all not b e d e emed to hold an y offi ce of profi t b y r e ason onl y th at h e is th e Pr es id ent or Vi cePr esid en t o f th e U nion o r th e Gov ernor of an y St at e or is a Minis t er e ith er for th e U n i o n o r f o r an y S t at e . 59 . Cond itions of Presid ent' s offi ce.—(1) Th e Pr esid en t sh all not b e a me mb er of ei th er Hous e of P ar liame n t or of a Hous e of th e Legisl atur e o f an y St at e, and if a me mb er of ei th er Hous e of P ar liame n t or of a Hous e of th e Legisl atur e o f an y St at e b e el ect ed Pr esid en t, he sh all b e d e emed to h av e v acated his s e at in th at Hous e on th e d at e on wh i ch h e ent ers upon his offi ce as Pr es id ent . (2) Th e Pr esid ent sh al l no t hold an y o th er offi ce of profit . (3) Th e Pr esid ent sh al l b e enti tl ed without p a ymen t of r ent to th e us e of h is offi c i al r esid en ce s and sh all b e a lso ent itl ed to su ch e molu men ts , allo w an c es and priv il eg es as may b e d e t er min ed b y Parli a me nt by l a w and , unti l provis ion in th at b eh alf is so made, su ch emolu ments , allo wan c es and p rivil eg es as ar e sp ecifi ed in th e S e cond S ch edul e. (4) Th e emolu ments and allo wan c es of th e Pr esid ent sh all no t be di minish ed during his t e r m of offi ce. 60 . Oath o r affir ma tion by th e Presid ent . —Eve r y Pr esid en t and ev er y p erson acting as Pr es ident or dis ch arging th e fun ctions of th e Pr esid ent sh al l, b efor e ent er ing upon his offi ce, ma ke and subs crib e in th e pr es en ce of th e Chi ef Just i ce of Indi a or , in his abs en c e, th e senior- mos t Judge of th e Supr eme Court av ail able, an o ath or affirmat ion in th e follo wing for m, that is to s a y— "I , A. B . , d o s w e a r i n t h e n a m e o f G o d t h a t I w i l l f a i t h f u l l y ex e cu t e solemnly affirm
th e offi c e of President (or discharge the functions of the President) of India and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of India.". 61 . Pro c edu re fo r i mp e a ch ment of th e Presid ent .— (1) Wh en a Pr esid ent i s to b e i mp e ach ed for viol ation o f the Constitu tion , th e ch arg e sh all b e pr ef err ed b y eith er Hous e of P arl i a ment . (2) No su ch ch arg e sh all b e pr efe rr ed unl ess — (a ) t h e propos al to pr ef er su ch ch arg e is cont ained in a r esolution whi ch h as b e en mov ed aft er at l e ast fourt e en d a ys' noti ce in writing s ign ed b y no t l ess th an on e-fourth of th e tot a l nu mb er of me mb ers of th e House h as b e en giv en of th eir int ent ion to mov e th e r esolu tion , and (b ) s u ch r esolu tion h as b e en p ass ed b y a major ity of not l ess th an t wothi rds o f th e total memb er ship of th e Hous e. (3) Wh en a ch arg e h as b e en so pr ef err ed b y eithe r Hous e o f P ar li a me nt , th e oth er Hous e sh all inv e stig at e the ch arg e or cause th e ch arg e to b e inv est igat ed a nd th e Pr esid ent sh al l h av e the right to app e ar and to b e r ep re s ent ed at su ch inv es tig ation . (4) If as a result of the investigation a resolution is passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the House by which the charge was investigated or caused to be investigated, declaring that the charge preferred against the President has been sustained, such resolution shall have the effect of removing the President from his office as from the date on which the resolution is so passed. 62. Time of holding election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person elected to fill casual vacancy. —(1) An election to fill a vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of President shall be completed before the expiration of the term.
(2) An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President occurring by reason of his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be held as soon as possible after, and in no case later than six months from, the date of occurrence of the vacancy; and the person elected to fill the vacancy shall, subject to the provisions of article 56, be entitled to hold office for the full term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office. 63. The Vice-President of India.—There shall be a Vice-President of India. 64. The Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States.—The VicePresident shall be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States and shall not hold any other office of profit: Provided that during any period when the Vice-President acts as President or discharges the functions of the President under article 65, he shall not perform the duties of the office of Chairman of the Council of States and shall not be entitled to any salary or allowance payable to the Chairman of the Council of States under article 97. 65. The Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies in the office, or during the absence, of President.— (1) In the event of the occurrence of any vacancy in the office of the President by reason of his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise, the Vice-President shall act as President until the date on which a new President elected in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter to fill such vacancy enters upon his office. (2) When the President is unable to discharge his functions owing to absence, illness or any other cause, the Vice-President shall discharge his functions until the date on which the President resumes his duties. (3) The Vice-President shall, during, and in respect of, the period while he is so acting as, or discharging the functions of, President, have all the powers and immunities of the President and be entitled to such emoluments, allowances and privileges as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such emoluments, allowances and privileges as are specified in the Second Schedule. 66. Election of Vice-President.—(1) The Vice-President shall be elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote and the voting at such election shall be by secret ballot. (2) Th e Vi ce-Presid en t sh all not b e a me mb er of eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt or of a Hous e of the Legisl atur e of an y S t at e, and if a me mb er of eith er Hous e of P arl i a ment or of a Hous e of th e Legisl atur e o f an y St at e b e el ect ed Vi cePr esid en t, h e shall b e d eemed to h av e v acat ed h is s e at in th at Hous e on th e d at e on whi ch h e enters upon his offi ce as Vi ce-Pr esid ent . (3) No person sh all b e elig ibl e for el ect ion as Vi ce-Pr es id ent unl ess h e — (a ) i s a citi zen of Indi a; (b ) h a s co mpl eted th e ag e of th irt y- fiv e years; and (c ) i s qu al ifi ed for el e ct ion as a me mb e r of th e C oun cil of St at es . (4) A person shall not b e elig ibl e for el ect ion as Vi ce-Pr esid en t if h e holds an y offi ce of prof it und er th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of an y St at e or und er an y lo cal or oth er authorit y subj ect to th e control of an y of th e s aid G o v er n me n t s . E x p l a n a t i o n . — For th e purpos es of this art i cl e , a p e rson sh all not b e d eemed to hold an y offi ce of profi t b y r e ason onl y th at h e is th e Pr es id ent or Vi cePr esid en t o f th e U nion o r th e Gov ernor of an y St at e or is a Minis t er e ith er for th e U n i o n o r f o r an y S t at e . 6 7 . T e r m o f o f f i c e o f Vi c e- P r es i d en t. — Th e Vice-Pr es id ent sh all hold off i ce for a t er m of five years fro m th e d at e on whi ch h e ent ers upon his off i ce: Provid ed th a t— (a ) a Vi ce-Pr esid ent ma y, b y writ ing und er hi s h and addr ess ed to th e Pr esid en t, r es ign his offi ce; (b ) a Vi ce-Pr esid ent ma y b e r emo v ed fro m hi s offi ce b y a r esolution of th e C oun cil of St at es p ass ed b y a ma jor it y of a ll the th en me mb ers of th e Coun cil
and agr e ed to by th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e; but no r esolut ion for th e purpos e of thi s c l aus e sh all b e mov ed unl ess at l e ast four t ee n d a ys' noti c e h as b e en giv en of th e int ent ion to mov e th e r e solut ion; (c ) a Vi ce-Pr esid ent sh all, notwiths t anding the expir ation of his t er m, continu e to hold offi ce unti l h is su ccessor en t e rs upon h is offi ce. 68 . Ti me o f holding el ection to fil l va can cy in th e offi ce of Vi ce- P resid ent and th e t erm of offi ce of p e rson el ect ed to fill casual va can cy. —(1) An el ect ion to f ill a v a can c y caus ed b y th e exp ir ation of th e t er m of offi ce of Vi cePr esid en t sh all b e co mp l et ed b efor e th e expir at ion of th e t er m. (2) An el ect ion to fil l a v acancy in th e offi ce of Vi ce-Pr esid ent o c curring b y r e ason of his d eath , r esign at ion or r e mov al , o r oth er wis e sh all be h eld as soon as poss ibl e aft er the o c curr en ce of th e v acan c y, and th e p erson el ec t ed to fil l th e v acan c y sh all , subj ect to th e provis ions o f ar ti cl e 67 , b e ent itl ed to hold offi ce for th e ful l t e r m of fiv e years fro m th e d a t e on whi ch h e en t ers upon his offi ce. 69. Oath or affirmation by the Vice-President.—Every Vice-President shall, before entering upon his office, make and subscribe before the President, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation in the following form, that is to say— "I , A. B . , d o s w e a r i n t h e n a m e o f G o d t h at I w i l l b e ar t r u e f ai t h and solemnly affirm
all eg i an ce to the Constitu tion of Indi a as b y l aw est ablish ed and th at I will f ai thfull y dis charg e th e dut y upon whi ch I am about to ent er . " 70. Discharge of President's functions in other contingencies.—Parliament may make such provisions as it thinks fit for the discharge of the functions of the President in any contingency not provided for in this Chapter. 71. Ma tt ers relat ing to , o r conn ect ed w ith, th e el ection of a Presid ent o r V i c e- P r es i d en t .— (1) Al l doub ts and d isput es aris ing ou t of or in conn ection with th e el ect ion of a Pr esid ent or Vice-Pr es id ent sh all b e inquir ed into and d e cid ed b y th e Supr eme Court whos e d ecis ion sh all b e fin al . (2) If the election of a person as President or Vice-President is declared void by the Supreme Court, acts done by him in the exercise and performance of the powers and duties of the office of President or Vice-President, as the case may be, on or before the date of the decision of the Supreme Court shall not be invalidated by reason of that declaration. (3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, Parliament may by law regulate any matter relating to or connected with the election of a President or Vice-President. (4) The election of a person as President or Vice-President shall not be called in question on the ground of the existence of any vacancy for whatever reason among the members of the electoral college electing him. 72. Power of President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.— (1) The President shall have the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence— (a) in all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a Court Martial; (b) in all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends; (c) in all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death. (2) Nothing in sub-clause (a) of clause (1) shall affect the power conferred by law on any officer of the Armed Forces of the Union to suspend, remit or commute a sentence passed by a Court Martial. (3) Nothing in sub-clause (c) of clause (1) shall affect the power to suspend, remit or commute a sentence of death exercisable by the Governor of a State under any law for the time being in force. 73. Extent of executive power of the Union.— (1) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the executive power of the Union shall extend—
(a ) t o th e mat ters with r esp ect to wh i ch P a rli amen t h as power to mak e l a ws; and (b ) t o th e ex erc is e of su ch rights , authori t y and jurisd i ction as a r e e x er cis ab l e b y th e Gov e rn men t of Indi a b y virtu e of an y tr e at y or agr e ement: Provid ed th at th e ex ecutiv e power r ef err ed to in sub- cl aus e (a ) s h all n o t , s av e as expr essl y provid ed in thi s Const itution or in an y l a w ma d e by P arli a me nt , ext end in an y Stat e to matt ers with r esp ect to whi ch th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e h as also po w er to mak e l a ws . (2) Unt il oth erwis e provid ed by P arli a me nt , a St at e and an y offi cer or author it y of a Stat e ma y, not wi thst and ing an ything in thi s ar ti cle, con tinu e to ex er cis e in matters with r esp ect to wh i ch P a rli amen t h as power to mak e l aws for th at St at e su ch ex ecutiv e po wer or fun ctions as th e St at e or officer or authorit y th er eof could exer cis e i mme d i atel y b efor e th e co mme n cement of this Consti tution . Coun cil of Minist er s 74 . Coun cil of Min ist ers to aid and advis e Presid ent . —(1) Th er e sh all b e a C oun cil of Minist er s wi th th e Pri me M inist er at th e h e ad to aid a nd advis e th e Pr esid en t who sh all , in th e ex erc is e of his fun ctions , a ct in a c cord an c e with su ch a d v i c e: Provid ed th at th e Pr esid en t ma y r equir e th e Coun cil of Minis ters to r e consid er su ch advi ce, eith er gen er al l y or oth er wis e, and th e Pr esid en t sh all act in accord an ce with th e advi ce t end er ed aft er su ch r e consid er at ion . ( 2 ) Th e q u est io n whe t h er an y, a n d i f s o wh at , a d v i c e w as t en d e r ed b y Minist ers to th e Pr esid ent sh all not b e inquir ed into in an y court . 75 . Oth er p rovis ions a s to Minis ters.—(1) The Pri me Min ist er sh all b e appoint ed b y the Pr esid ent and th e oth er Ministers sh al l b e appoint ed b y th e Pr esid en t on th e a dvi c e of th e Pri me M inist er . (1 A) Th e tot al nu mb er of Min isters , in cluding the Pri me Min ist er , in th e Coun cil of Minist er s shall not ex ceed fift een per cent . of th e tot al nu mb er of me mb e r s o f t h e H o u s e o f t h e P eo p l e . (1 B) A me mb er of eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt belonging to an y poli ti c al p art y w ho is disqu ali fi ed for b eing a me mb e r of th a t H ous e und er p a ra gr aph 2 of th e Tenth S ch edul e sh al l also b e di squ ali fi ed to b e appoint ed as a Mini st er und er cl au s e (1) for dur at ion of th e period co mme n c ing fro m th e d a t e of his disqu a lifi c at ion ti ll th e d at e on whi ch th e t er m of his offi ce as su ch me mb er would expir e or wh er e h e con tests an y el ection to eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt b efor e th e expiry of su ch p e riod, till th e d at e on whi ch h e i s d e cl ar ed el ect ed , w hi ch ev er is e arli e r. (2) Th e Mini st ers sh al l ho ld of fi ce during th e pl easur e of th e Pr esid en t. (3) Th e Coun cil of Minist er s sh all b e coll ectivel y r espons ibl e to th e Hous e of th e P eopl e. (4) Befor e a Minis t er en t ers upon his offi ce, the Pr esid ent sh all ad minist er to hi m th e o aths of offi ce an d of s ecr ecy according to th e for ms s et out for th e purpos e in th e Th ird S ch edul e. (5) A Minis t er who for an y p eriod of six cons ec utiv e months is not a me mb er of eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt shall at th e expir ation of th at p er iod ceas e to be a Minister. (6) Th e s a l ari es a nd a llo w an c es of Min ist ers sha ll b e su ch as Pa rl i a ment ma y fro m ti me to ti me b y l aw d et er min e and , un til Parl i a ment so d eter min es , sh all be as sp ecif i ed in th e S e cond S ch edul e. The Attorney-General for India
76. Attorney-General for India.—(1) The President shall appoint a person who is qualified to be appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court to be Attorney- General for India. (2) It shall be the duty of the Attorney-General to give advice to the Government of India upon such legal matters, and to perform such other duties of a legal character, as may from time to time be referred or assigned to him by the President, and to discharge the functions conferred on him by or under this Constitution or any other law for the time being in force. (3) In the performance of his duties the Attorney-General shall have right of audience in all courts in the territory of India. (4) The Attorney-General shall hold office during the pleasure of the President, and shall receive such remuneration as the President may determine. Conduct of Government Business 77. Conduct of business of the Government of India.—(1) All executive action of the Government of India shall be expressed to be taken in the name of the President. (2) Orders and other instruments made and executed in the name of the President shall be authenticated in such manner as may be specified in rules to be made by the President, and the validity of an order or instrument which is so authenticated shall not be called in question on the ground that it is not an order or instrument made or executed by the President. (3) The President shall make rules for the more convenient transaction of the business of the Government of India, and for the allocation among Ministers of the said business. * * * * * 78. Duties of Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.—It shall be the duty of the Prime Minister— (a ) t o co mmu ni cat e to th e Pr esid ent al l d ecisions of th e Coun cil of Minist ers r el ating to th e ad ministr a tion of th e aff ai rs o f th e Union and propos al s fo r l egis l ation; (b ) t o furnish su ch infor mation r el at ing to th e ad ministr a tion of th e aff ai rs o f th e Union and proposals for l eg isl ation as th e Pr esident ma y call for; and (c ) i f th e Pr esid ent so r equir es, to sub mit for th e consid er at ion of th e Coun cil of Minist er s an y ma tt er on whi ch a d e cision h as b e en t ak en b y a Minist er bu t whi ch h as not b e en consid er ed b y th e Coun cil . CHAPTER II.—PARLIAMENT General 79. Constitution of Parliament.—There shall be a Parliament for the Union which shall consist of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the Council of States and the House of the People. 80. Composition of the Council of States.—(1) The Council of States shall consist of— (a) twelve members to be nominated by the President in accordance with the provisions of clause (3); and (b) not more than two hundred and thirty-eight representatives of the States and of the Union territories. (2) The allocation of seats in the Council of States to be filled by representatives of the States and of the Union territories shall be in accordance with the provisions in that behalf contained in the Fourth Schedule. (3) The members to be nominated by the President under sub-clause (a) of clause (1) shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as the following, namely:— Literature, science, art and social service. (4) The representatives of each State in the Council of States shall be elected by the elected members of the Legislative Assembly of the State in accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.
(5) The representatives of the Union territories in the Council of States shall be chosen in such manner as Parliament may by law prescribe. 81. Composition of the House of the People.—(1) Subject to the provisions of article 331, the House of the People shall consist of— (a) not more than five hundred and thirty members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the States, and (b) not more than twenty members to represent the Union territories, chosen in such manner as Parliament may by law provide. (2) For the purposes of sub-clause (a) of clause (1),— (a) there shall be allotted to each State a number of seats in the House of the People in such manner that the ratio between that number and the population of the State is, so far as practicable, the same for all States; and (b) each State shall be divided into territorial constituencies in such manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency and the number of seats allotted to it is, so far as practicable, the same throughout the State: Provided that the provisions of sub-clause (a) of this clause shall not be applicable for the purpose of allotment of seats in the House of the People to any State so long as the population of that State does not exceed six millions. (3) In this article, the expression “population” means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published: Provided that the reference in this clause to the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published shall, until the relevant figures for the first census taken after the year 2026 have been published, be construed, — (i) for the purposes of sub-clause (a) of clause (2) and the proviso to that clause, as a reference to the 1971 census; and (ii) for the purposes of sub-clause (b) of clause (2) as a reference to the 2001 census. 82. Readjustment after each census.—Upon the completion of each census, the allocation of seats in the House of the People to the States and the division of each State into territorial constituencies shall be readjusted by such authority and in such manner as Parliament may by law determine: Provided that such readjustment shall not affect representation in the House of the People until the dissolution of the then existing House: Provided further that such readjustment shall take effect from such date as the President may, by order, specify and until such readjustment takes effect, any election to the House may be held on the basis of the territorial constituencies existing before such readjustment: Provided also that until the relevant figures for the first census taken after the year 2026 have been published, it shall not be necessary to readjust— (i) the allocation of seats in the House of People to the States as readjusted on the basis of the 1971 census; and (ii) the division of each State into territorial constituencies as may be readjusted on the basis of the 2001 census, under this article. 83 . Du ration of Hous es of Parlia me n t .—(1) Th e Coun cil of St at es sh all not b e subj ect to dissolu tion , bu t as n e arl y as possibl e on e-th ird of th e me mb ers th er eof sh all r etir e as soon as ma y b e on th e expir a tion of ev er y s e cond year in accord an ce with th e provision s ma d e in th at b eh alf b y P arli a me nt b y l a w. (2) Th e Hous e of th e P eopl e, unl ess soon er di ssolv ed , sh all continu e for f ive years fro m th e dat e appoint ed for its f irst meeting and no long er and th e expir a tion o f the s aid p eriod of fiv e years sh al l op er at e as a dissolu tion of th e H o u s e: Provid ed th at th e s aid p eriod may, whil e a Pro cl a mation of Emer g en c y is in op er at ion, b e ext end ed b y P arli ame n t b y l aw for a p e riod not exceeding on e year
at a ti me and not ext ending in an y cas e b e yond a p eriod of six mo nths aft er th e Pro cl a ma tion h as c e as ed to op era t e . 84 . Qual ifi cation fo r me mb ership of Pa rlia me nt .—A p erson sh all not b e qu ali fi ed to b e chos en to fil l a seat in P arli a me nt unl ess h e — (a ) i s a citi zen of Indi a, and ma k es and subs crib es b efor e so me p erson author is ed in that b eh alf b y th e El ection Co mmi ss ion an o ath or affir mation according to th e for m s et out for th e purpos e in th e Third S ch edul e; (b ) i s , in th e case of a s eat in the Coun cil of St at es , not l ess th an thir t y years of ag e and, in th e case of a s e at in th e Hous e of th e P eople, no t l ess th an t w ent y- fiv e ye ars of ag e; and (c ) p oss es ses such oth er qu alif ication s as may b e pr es crib ed in th at b eh alf b y o r u n d er an y l a w mad e b y P ar l i a men t . 85 . Sessions of Pa rlia me n t , p ro rogation and dis solution .—(1) Th e P r esid ent sh al l f ro m ti me to ti me su mmon each Hous e of P arl i a ment to meet at su ch ti me and pl ace as h e think s f it , bu t six mon ths sh all not int e rv ene b etween its l ast si tting in on e s ess ion and th e d at e appoint ed for its fi rst sit ting in th e n ext s ess ion. (2) Th e Pr esid ent may fro m t i me to ti me— (a ) p rorogu e th e Hous es or eith er Hous e; (b ) d is solv e th e Hous e of th e P eopl e. 86 . Righ t of Presid ent to add ress and s end me ssag es to Houses .—(1 ) Th e Pr esid en t ma y addr ess ei th er Hous e of P arli a me nt or both Houses ass e mbl ed tog eth er, and for th at purpos e requir e th e att end an ce of me mb ers . (2) Th e Pr esid ent ma y s end me ss ag es to ei th er H ous e of Pa rli ame n t , wh eth er with r esp ect to a Bill th en p ending in P arl iament or oth er wis e, and a Hous e to whi ch an y me ssag e is so s ent shall with al l conveni ent d esp at ch consid er an y mat t er r equir ed b y th e mess ag e to b e t ak en into consid er ation . 87 . Sp ec ial address by th e Presid en t. —(1) At th e co mme n c ement of th e firs t s ess ion af t er each g en er al el ection to th e Hous e of th e P eopl e and at th e co mme n cement of th e firs t s ession of each year th e Pr esid en t shall addr es s bo th Hous es of P arliame n t ass e mbl ed tog eth er and infor m P arli a me nt of th e caus es of it s su mmo ns . (2) Provis ion shall b e ma d e b y th e rul es r egul at ing th e pro c edure of eith er Hous e for th e allot ment of ti me for dis cus sion of th e matt ers r eferr ed to in su ch a d d r ess . 88 . Righ ts of Mini st ers and Atto rn ey- G en eral as resp ects Hous es .—Ev er y Minist er and th e Attorn ey- G en eral of Indi a sh all h av e th e right to sp eak in , and oth er wis e to t ake p art in th e proceedings of , eith er Hous e, an y joint s itting of th e H o u s es , and an y c o mmi t t e e o f P a r l i a men t o f whi ch h e ma y b e n a me d a me mb e r , but sh al l no t b y vir tu e of th is arti cl e b e ent itl ed to vot e. Offi cers o f Par lia ment 89 . Th e Chai rman and Deputy Chai rma n of the Co un cil of Stat es .— ( 1 ) Th e V i c e- Pr esid en t of Indi a sh al l b e ex o ffi cio Ch airman o f th e Coun cil of St at es. (2) Th e Coun cil of St at es sh al l, as soon as ma y b e , choo s e a me mb er of th e Coun cil to b e De put y Ch air man th er eof and , so oft en as th e office of Depu t y Ch air man b e come s v acant, th e Coun cil sh al l choos e anoth er me mb er to b e Deput y C h air ma n th er eof . 9 0 . Va cat io n a n d r es i g n a t i o n o f , a n d r e mo v a l f ro m, t h e o f f i c e o f D ep u t y C h a i r ma n. — A me mb er hold ing offi ce as Deputy Ch air man o f th e Coun cil of S t at e s — (a ) s h al l v a cat e his off i ce if h e ceas es to b e a me mb er of th e Coun cil ;
(b ) ma y at an y ti me , b y wr iting und er his h and addr ess ed to th e Ch air man, r esign hi s of fi ce; and (c ) ma y b e r e mov ed fro m h is offi c e b y a r esolution of th e Coun cil p ass ed b y a majo rit y of all th e th en memb ers of th e Coun cil : Provid ed th at no r esolut ion for th e purpos e of cl aus e (c ) s h al l be mov ed unl ess a t l e as t four t e en d a ys’ noti c e h as b e en giv en of th e int en tion to mo v e th e r esolu tion . 91 . Pow er of the Dep uty Chai rma n o r oth er person to p e rfo rm t h e dut i es o f th e offi ce of , o r to a ct a s, Chair ma n.—(1) While th e offi ce of Ch air man is v a c ant , or during an y p e riod whe n th e V i c e-Pr esid en t is a c ting a s , or d is ch arging th e fun ct ions o f, Pr esid ent , th e duti e s of th e offi ce sh al l b e p erfor med b y th e Deput y Ch air man , o r, if th e off ice of Depu t y Chair man is also vacant , b y su ch me mb er of th e Coun cil of St at es as th e Pr esid ent ma y appo int for th e purpos e. (2) During th e abs en ce of th e Ch air man fro m any sit ting of th e Coun cil of S t at e s t h e D ep u t y C h air ma n , o r , i f h e i s als o abs e n t , s u ch p er s o n a s ma y b e d et er min ed b y th e rul es of pro cedur e of th e Coun cil , or , if no su ch p erson is pr es ent , su ch oth er p erson as ma y b e d e t er min ed b y th e Coun c il , sh all a ct as C h air ma n . 92 . Th e Chai rma n o r th e D eputy Chai r ma n not to p r esid e w hile a resolut ion fo r his remo val f rom o f fi ce is under consid eration .— (1) At an y si tting of th e Coun cil of St at es, whil e an y r esolution for th e r emo v al of th e VicePr esid en t fro m his off i ce is under consid er at ion, th e Ch air man , or whil e an y r esolu tion for the r e mov al of th e Depu t y Ch air man fro m h is office is und er consid er ation , th e Depu t y Ch airman , sh all not, though h e is pr esent , pr esid e, and th e provis ions of cl aus e (2) of art i cl e 91 sh all appl y in r el at ion to ev er y su ch si tting as th ey appl y in r el at ion to a sit ting fro m whi ch th e Ch air man , or , as th e c a s e ma y b e , t h e D ep u t y Ch a i r ma n , i s abs en t. (2) Th e Ch a ir man sh all h av e th e right to sp e ak in , and oth e rw is e to t ak e p art in th e pro ceedings of , th e Coun cil of St at es whil e an y r esolut ion for th e r e mov al of th e Vi ce-Pr es ident fro m his offi ce is und er consid er ation in th e Coun cil , but , not with st anding an ything in articl e 100 , sh all not b e entit l ed to vot e at all on su ch r esolu tion or on an y o th er ma t t er during such pro ceedings . 9 3 . Th e S p ea ke r a n d D ep u t y S p ea ke r o f t h e Hou s e o f t h e P eo p l e .— Th e H o u s e o f t h e P eo p l e s h al l , as s o o n as ma y b e , ch o o s e t wo me mb ers o f t h e Ho u s e to b e r esp e ctiv el y Sp e ak er and D e put y Sp e ak er th er eof and , so oft en as th e offic e of Sp eak er or De put y Sp eak er beco me s v a can t, th e Hous e sh all choos e anoth er me mb e r t o b e S p e ak er o r D ep u t y S p e ak er , as t h e c a s e ma y b e . 94 . Va cat ion and resignation of , and remo val f ro m, th e off i ces of Sp ea ke r a n d D ep u t y S p ea ke r . — A me m b er h o l d i n g o f f ic e a s S p e ak er o r D ep u t y S p e ak e r of th e Hous e o f th e P eopl e— (a ) s h al l v a cat e his off i ce if h e ceas es to b e a me mb er of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e; (b ) ma y at an y ti me , b y wri ting und er his h and addr ess ed , if su ch me mb er is th e Sp eak er , to th e Depu t y Speak er , and if such memb er is the Depu t y Sp e ak er , to th e Sp e ak er , r esign his off i c e; and (c ) ma y b e r e mov ed fro m h is offi c e b y a r esolution of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e p ass ed by a ma jo rit y of all th e th en me mb ers of th e Hous e: Provid ed th at no r esolut ion for th e purpos e of cl aus e (c ) s h al l be mov ed unl ess a t l e as t four t e en d a ys’ noti c e h as b e en giv en of th e int en tion to mo v e th e r esolu tion: Provid ed fur th er th at , wh en ev er th e Hous e of th e P eopl e is disso lv ed , th e Sp eak er sh all not v acat e his offi ce unti l i mme diat el y b efor e th e fir st me eting o f th e Hous e of th e P eopl e aft er the dissolu tion .
95 . Pow er of the Dep uty Sp ea ker o r o th e r p e rson to p e rfo r m th e duti es of th e offi ce of , o r to a ct a s, Sp eaker.— (1) Whil e th e offi ce of Speak er is v acant , th e duti e s of th e offi ce sh all b e p erfor med b y the Depu t y Sp eaker or , if th e office o f D ep u t y S p e ak er i s als o v a c an t , b y s u ch me m b er o f t h e Hou se o f t h e P eo p l e a s th e Pr esid en t ma y appoint for th e purpos e. (2) During th e abs en ce of th e Speak er fro m an y si tting of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e th e Deput y Sp eak er or , if h e is also abs ent , su ch p erson as ma y b e d et er min ed b y th e rul es of pro cedur e of th e Hous e, or, i f no such p erson is pr es ent , su ch oth er p erson as ma y b e d e t er min ed b y th e Hous e , sh al l a c t as Sp eak er . 96 . Th e Sp ea ke r o r th e Deputy Sp ea ker no t to p r esid e w hile a resolution fo r his remo val f ro m off i ce is und er consid eration . — (1 ) At an y sit ting of the Hous e of th e P eopl e, wh il e an y r esolu tion for the r e mov al of th e Sp eak er fro m his off i ce is under consid er at ion, th e Sp eak e r, or whil e an y r esolut ion for th e r e mov al of th e Deput y Sp eak er fro m his offi ce is und er consid eration , th e Deputy Sp eak er , sh all not , though h e is pr es ent , pr esid e, and th e prov isions of cl aus e (2) of arti cl e 95 sh all appl y in r el a tion to ev er y su ch sit ting as th ey appl y in r el at ion to a sit ting fro m whi ch th e Sp eak er , or, as th e ca s e ma y b e , th e Deput y Sp eak er , i s abs en t . (2) Th e Sp e ak er sh all h av e th e right to sp e ak in , a nd o th er wis e to t ak e p art in th e pro ceedings of , th e Hous e of th e P eopl e wh ile an y r esolution for his r e mov al fro m offi ce is und er consid er at ion in th e Hou s e and sh all , not withs t anding an ything in art icl e 100 , b e ent itl ed to vot e onl y in th e firs t in stan ce on su ch r esolu tion or on an y o th er mat t er during su ch pro ceedings but not in th e cas e of a n equ al i t y o f v o t es . 97 . Sala ri es and allow ances of th e Cha i rman and Deputy Chai rma n and t he S p ea ke r a n d D ep u t y S p ea ke r . — Th er e sh all be p aid to th e Chair man and th e Deput y Ch air man of th e Coun cil of St at es , and to th e Sp eak er and th e Depu t y Sp eak er of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e, su ch s al aries and allo wan ces as ma y b e r esp e ct iv el y fixe d b y P a rli a me nt b y l a w and , unti l p rovision in th at b eh alf i s so ma d e , su ch s al ari es and allo wances as ar e sp ecifi ed in th e S e cond S ch edul e. 98 . Secreta riat of Pa rlia me n t .— (1) Each Hous e of P arli a me nt sh all h av e a s ep ar at e s e cr e t ari a l s t aff: Provid ed th at nothing in th is claus e sh all b e constru ed as pr ev enting th e cr eat ion of posts co mmon to both Hous es of P arl i a ment . (2) P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w r egul at e th e r e cru itmen t , and th e condit ions of s ervi ce of p ersons appoint ed , to th e s e cr et ari a l st af f of ei th er Hous e of P arl i a ment . (3) Until prov ision is mad e b y P arl i a ment und er cl aus e (2) , th e Pr esid ent may, aft er consu lt ation with th e Sp eak er of th e Hou se of th e P eopl e or th e Ch air man of th e Coun cil of St at es, as th e case ma y b e , mak e rul es r egu l ating th e r e cruit ment, and th e conditions of s ervi ce of p ersons appoin ted , to th e s ecr etari a l s t aff of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e or th e Coun cil of St at es, and an y rul es so ma d e sh all h av e eff e ct sub j ec t to th e provision s of an y l a w ma d e und er th e s aid cl aus e .
Condu ct of Busin ess 99 . Oath o r affir ma tion by me mb ers .— Ev er y me mb e r o f ei t h e r Ho u s e o f P arl i a ment sh all, b e for e t aking his s e at , ma k e and subs crib e b efor e th e Pr esid ent , or so me p e rson appoint ed in th at b eh alf b y hi m, an o a th o r af firmat ion according to th e for m s et out for th e purpos e in th e Third S ch edul e. 100 . Vot ing in Hous es , pow er of Hous es to a ct notw ithstanding va can ci es a n d q u o ru m. — (1) S av e as oth er wis e provid ed in this Const itution , all qu estions at an y sitt ing o f eith er Hous e or joint s itting of th e Hous es sh all b e d e t er min ed
b y a ma jo rit y of vot es of th e memb ers pr es ent and voting , oth er th an th e Sp eak er or p erson acting as Ch air man or Sp eak er . Th e Ch air man or Sp eak er , o r p erson acting as su ch , sh all not vot e in th e firs t ins t an c e, but sha ll h av e and ex er cis e a c asting vot e in th e c as e of an equ alit y of v o t es . (2) Eith er House of P arli a me nt sh al l h av e po wer to act not withst anding an y v acan c y in th e me mb er ship th er eof , and an y pro ceedings in P arl i a ment sh all be v alid not wi thst anding th at i t is dis cov er ed subsequ entl y th at some p e rson who was not entitl ed so to do s a t o r vot ed or oth er wis e took p art in th e pro ceedings . (3) Until P ar li ame n t b y l aw other wis e provid es , th e quoru m to const itut e a me et ing of eith er Hous e of P ar liame n t sh all b e on e-t en th of th e tot al nu mb er of me mb e r s o f t h e H o u s e . (4) If at an y ti me during a me et ing of a Hous e th er e is no quorum, i t sh all b e th e dut y of th e Ch air man or Speak er , or p e rson acting as su ch , eith er to adjou rn th e Hous e or to susp en d th e meeting unt il th er e is a quoru m. Disqual ifi ca tions of Memb ers 101 . Va cat ion of s eats .— (1) No p erson sh all be a me mb er of both Hous es of P arl i a ment and provis ion sh all b e mad e b y P arli a me nt b y l a w for th e v a c ation b y a p erson who i s chos en a me mb er of both Hou s es of his s e at in on e Hou s e or the oth er . (2) No person sh all b e a me mb er both of P arli ame n t and o f a Hous e of th e Legisl atur e o f a St at e, and if a p erson is chos en a me mb er both of P arli a me nt and of a Hous e of the Legisl atur e of a S t at e, th en, at th e expir ation of su ch p eriod as may b e sp eci fi ed in rul es mad e b y th e Pr esid ent, th at p erson’s seat in P arli a ment sh al l b e co me v acant , unl ess h e h as pr evious l y resign ed his s eat in th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e. (3) If a me mb er of eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt — (a ) b eco me s subj ect to an y of the disqu al ifi cations me ntion ed in cl aus e (1) o r cl aus e ( 2 ) o f a r t i cl e 1 0 2 , o r (b ) r e sign s h is seat b y writing und er his h and addr ess ed to th e Ch air man or th e Sp eak er , as th e cas e ma y b e, and hi s r e signation i s accept ed b y th e C h air ma n o r t h e S p e ak er , as t h e c a s e ma y b e , his s e at sh all ther eupon b e co me v acant: Provid ed th at in th e cas e of an y r esign ation r ef err ed to in sub- claus e ( b) , if fro m infor mation r e ceiv ed or oth er wis e and aft er ma king su ch inquir y as h e think s f it , th e Ch air man or th e Sp eak er , as th e cas e may b e , is s at isfi ed th at such r esign ation is not volunt ar y or g enuin e , h e sh all not accept su ch r esign at ion. (4) If for a p eriod of sixt y d a ys a me mb er of eith er Hous e o f P arl i a ment i s without p er mis sion of th e House abs ent fro m all meetings th er eof , th e Hous e ma y d e cl ar e his s e at v a c ant: Provid ed th at in co mpu ting th e s aid p eriod of sixt y d a ys no account sh al l b e t ak en of an y period during whi ch th e Hou s e is prorogu ed or is adjourn ed for mor e th an four cons ec utiv e d a ys . 102 . Di squalifications fo r me mb ers hip .— (1) A p er son sh a ll b e disqu al ifi ed for b eing chos en as , and for b eing , a me mb e r o f e ith er Hous e of P arli a me nt — (a ) i f h e holds an y offi ce of profi t und er th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or th e G ov ern me nt of a n y St at e , oth er th an an o ffi c e d e cl ar ed b y P arli a me nt b y l a w not to disqu a lify its hold er ; (b ) i f h e is of unsound mind and st ands so d e clar ed b y a co mp et ent cour t; (c ) i f h e is an undis ch arg ed in solv ent ;
(d ) i f h e is not a citi zen of Indi a, o r h as volun t ari l y acqu ir ed the c it i z enship of a for eign St a t e, or is und er an y a ckno wl edg me nt of all eg ian c e or adh er en c e to a for eign St at e ; (e ) i f h e is so disqu al ifi ed b y o r und er an y l aw ma d e b y P ar li ame n t . Explanation . —For th e purpos es of this cl au s e a p erson sh al l no t b e d e emed to hold an offi ce of profi t und er the Gov e rn men t of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of any St at e b y r e ason onl y th at h e is a M inist er eith e r for th e Union or for su ch St at e . (2) A person shall b e disqu al ified for b eing a me mb er of eith er Hous e of P arl i a ment i f h e is so disqu al ified und er th e Tenth S ch edul e. 103. Decis ion on qu estions as to disquali fi cation s of me mb ers .— (1) If an y qu est ion ar is es as to wh eth er a me mb er of ei th er Hous e of P ar liame n t h as become subj ect to an y of th e disqu al ifi ca tion s mention ed in cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 102 , the qu est ion sh all be r ef err ed for the d e cision of the Pr esid ent and his d e cis ion sh all b e fin al . (2) Befo r e g iving an y d ecision on an y su ch qu est ion, th e Pr es ident sh al l obt ain th e opin ion of th e El ection Co mmis sion and sh all act according to su ch opinion . 104 . Penalty fo r sitt ing and voting b efo re ma king oath o r affi rma tion und er a rti cl e 99 o r w hen not quali fi ed o r w hen disqual ifi ed .— If a p erson s its or vot es as a memb er of eith er Hous e of Parli ame n t b efor e h e h as co mpli ed with th e r equir e me nts of arti cl e 99 , or wh en h e knows th at h e is not qu ali fi ed o r that h e is disqu al ifi ed for me mb ersh ip th er eof , or th at h e is prohibi t ed fro m so do ing b y th e provisions of an y l aw ma d e b y P a rli a me nt , h e sh all b e li abl e in r esp ect of each d a y on wh ich h e so s its or vot es to a p en alt y of fiv e hundred rup e es to b e r e co v er ed as a debt du e to th e Un ion .
Po wers , Pr i vil eg es and Immuni ti es of Parl iament and its Memb ers 105 . Pow e rs , p rivi l eg es , et c . , of th e Hou s es o f P a rlia me n t and of th e me mb e r s a n d co mmi t t e es t h e re o f .— (1) Subj ec t to th e provis ions of this Consti tution and to th e rul es and st anding ord ers r egul at ing th e pro c edur e of P arl i a ment , th ere sh all b e fr e edo m o f sp e e ch in P arli a me nt . (2) No me mb er of P arli a me nt shall b e li ab l e to an y pro ceedings in an y court in r esp ect of an y thing s aid or an y vot e giv en b y hi m in P arli a me nt or an y co mmi tt ee th er eof , and no p erson sh all b e so li abl e in r esp ect of th e publi c at ion b y or und er th e author it y of either Hous e o f P ar li a me nt of an y r eport , p ap er , v o t es o r p r o c e ed i n g s . (3) In oth er r espects , th e po wers, p rivil eg es and i mmu niti es of each Hou s e of P arl i a ment , and of th e me mb ers a nd th e co mmi tte e s of e a ch Hous e , sh all b e su ch a s ma y f ro m ti me to ti me b e d efin ed b y P arli a me nt b y l a w, and , until so d efin ed, sh al l b e thos e of th at Hous e and of its me mb er s and co mmi tt ees i mme d i at el y b efor e th e co ming into for c e of s e ct ion 15 of the Constitu tion (Fort y- fourth A me n d me n t ) A ct , 1 9 7 8 . (4) Th e provisions of cl aus es (1) , (2) and (3 ) shall appl y in r el ation to p erson s who b y vi rtu e of this Const itution h av e th e right to sp eak in , and oth er wis e to t ak e p art in th e pro ceedings of , a Hou s e of P ar liame n t or any commi t t ee th er eof a s t h e y ap p l y i n r el at io n t o me m b ers o f P ar l i a me n t . 106 . Sala ri es and allow ances of me mb ers .— M e mb er s of ei the r Hous e o f P arl i a ment sh all b e en titl ed to receiv e su ch s al ari es and allo wances as may fro m ti me to ti me b e d et er min ed b y Pa rl i a ment b y l aw and , unti l p rovis ion in th at r esp ect i s so mad e , allo wan c es at su ch r at es and upon su ch condition s as wer e
i mmed i at el y b efor e th e co mmencemen t of this Const itution appli c abl e in th e case of memb er s of th e Constitu en t Ass e mbl y of th e Do min ion o f Indi a. L egis lati ve Pro cedur e 107 . Prov isions as to int rodu ction and passing of Bills .— (1 ) Subj ect to th e provis ions of arti cl es 109 and 117 with r esp ect to Mon e y Bi lls and oth er fin an c i al Bills , a Bill may o rigin at e in eith er Hous e of P arli a ment . (2) Subj ect to the provision s of art i cl es 108 and 109, a Bil l sh all not b e d e e me d to h av e b e en p ass ed b y th e Hou s es o f P arl i a ment unl e ss it h as b e en agr e ed to b y both Hous es , ei th er without amendmen t or with such amend ments o n l y as ar e agr ee d t o b y b o t h Ho u s es . (3) A Bill p ending in P arli a me nt sh al l no t l ap s e b y r e ason o f the prorog ation o f t h e Ho u s es . (4) A Bill p ending in th e Coun cil of St ates whi ch h as not b e en pass ed b y th e Hous e of th e P eopl e sh al l not l aps e on a d issolution of th e House of th e P eopl e. (5) A Bill whi ch is p ending in the Hou s e of th e P eopl e, or wh i ch h aving b e en p ass ed b y th e Hous e of th e P eopl e is p ending in th e Coun cil of St at es , sh all , subj ect to th e provis ions o f ar ti cl e 108 , l aps e on a d issolut ion o f th e Hou s e of the P eo p l e . 108 . Jo int sitting of both Hous es in certain cas es . — (1) If aft er a Bill h as b e en p ass ed b y on e Hou s e and tr ans mit t ed to the oth er Hous e— (a) th e Bill i s r ej e ct ed b y th e oth er Hous e; or (b) th e Hous es hav e fin all y di s agr eed as to th e amen d men ts to b e mad e in th e Bil l; o r ( c) mor e th an six mon ths el aps e fro m th e d a t e of th e r eception of th e Bill b y th e oth er Hous e without th e Bil l b e ing p as sed b y it , th e Pr esid en t ma y, un l ess th e Bil l h a s elap s ed by r e ason of a d isso lution of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e, notif y to th e Hou s es b y mess ag e if th ey are sit ting or b y publi c not ifi c ation if th ey ar e not si tting , his int ent ion to su mmon th em to meet in a joint si tting for th e purpos e of d elib er at ing and voting on the Bill : Provid ed th at nothing in th is claus e sh all appl y to a Mon e y Bill. (2) In r e ckoning an y su ch p er iod of six mon ths as is r ef err ed to in cl aus e (1) , no account sh all b e t ak en o f an y p eriod during whi ch th e Hou se r ef err ed to in sub- cl au s e ( c) of th at cl aus e is prorogu ed or adjourn ed for more th an four c o n s e cu t i v e d a ys . (3) Wh er e the Pr esid en t h a s under cl aus e (1) notif i ed h is int ention of su mmo ning th e Hous es to meet in a joint si tting, n e ith er Hous e sh al l pro ceed furth e r wi th the Bil l, but th e Pr esid en t may at any ti me aft er th e d at e of his noti fi c ation su mmo n th e Hous es to meet in a jo int si tting for the purpos e sp ecif i ed in th e noti fi c ation and, if h e do es so , th e Hou s es sh all meet according ly. (4) If at th e joint si tting of th e two Hous es the Bil l, with su ch amen d men ts, i f an y, as ar e agr eed to in joint si tting , is p ass ed by a majo rit y of th e tot al nu mb er of me mb er s of both Hous es pr esent and voting , it sh all be d e emed for th e purpos es of thi s Constitu tion to h av e b e en p a ss ed b y bo th Hous es: Provid ed th at at a joint sit ting— (a) if th e Bil l, ha ving b e en p asse d b y on e House , h a s no t b e en p ass ed b y th e oth er Hous e with amend men ts and r eturn ed to th e Hou s e in whi ch it orig in at ed, no amen d men t shall b e propos ed to th e Bill oth er th an su ch amen d men ts (if an y) as ar e made n e cess ar y b y th e d el a y in th e p ass ag e of th e B il l; (b) if th e Bil l has b e en so p a ss ed and r eturn ed , onl y su ch amend ments as afor es aid sh all b e propos ed to th e Bill and su ch oth er amend ments as ar e r el ev an t to th e ma t t ers with r esp e ct to whi ch the Hou s es h av e not agr e ed; and th e d e cision of th e p erson pr esid ing as to the amend ments whi ch ar e a d missib l e und er this cl au s e sh all b e fin al .
(5) A joint si tting may b e h eld und er this ar ti cle and a Bil l p a ss ed th er eat , not with st anding th at a dissolu tion of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e has int erv en ed sin ce th e Pr es ident noti fi ed h is int en tion to su mmo n th e Hous es to meet th er ein. 109 . Special p ro c edu r e in respect of Mon ey Bil ls .—(1) A Mon e y Bill sh al l not b e introdu ced in th e Coun cil of St at es . (2) Aft er a Money Bill h as b e en p ass ed b y th e Hous e of th e P eopl e it sh al l b e tr ans mi tt ed to th e Coun cil of Sta t es for i ts r ecomme n d a tions and th e Coun cil of St at e s sh a ll w ithin a p eriod of fourt e en d a ys from t h e d a t e of i ts r e c eipt of th e Bil l r e turn th e Bil l to th e House of th e P eopl e with it s r e co mmend ation s and the Hous e of th e P eopl e ma y th er eupon eith er accept or r ej e ct al l or an y o f th e r e co mme nd ations of th e Coun cil of St at es . (3) If th e Hous e of th e P eopl e accepts an y of the r e co mme nd at ions of th e C oun cil of St at es , th e Mon e y Bill sh a ll be d e e me d to h av e b e en p ass ed b y both Hous es with th e amend ments r eco mme nd ed b y th e Coun cil of Stat es and accept ed b y th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e. (4) If th e Hous e of th e P eopl e do es not accept an y of th e r e co mmen d ations of th e Coun cil of St at es, th e Mon ey Bill sh al l b e deemed to h av e been p ass ed b y both Hous es in th e for m in whi ch it was p ass ed b y th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e without an y of th e amend ments r e co mme nd ed by th e Coun cil of St at es . (5) If a Mon e y Bil l p as s ed b y th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e and tr ans mit t ed to th e Coun cil of St at es for its r e co mmend ation s is no t r eturn ed to th e Hous e of th e P eopl e within the s aid p eriod of fourt e en d a ys , it sh all b e d eemed to h av e b e en p ass ed b y both Hous es at th e expir a tion of th e said p eriod in the for m in whi ch it w a s p ass ed b y th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e . 110 . Def inition of "Mon ey Bil ls' '.—(1) For th e purpos es of this Ch apt er , a Bil l sh all b e d e emed to b e a Mon e y Bill if i t cont ain s on l y provis ions d ealing with all or an y of th e follo wing mat t ers , n a mely: — (a) th e i mposit ion , abo lition , r emi ssion , alt er a tion or r egul ation of an y t ax; (b) th e r egul at ion of th e borro wing of mon e y or th e giving of any gu ar ant ee b y the Gov e rn men t of Indi a, or th e amen d men t of the l a w wi th r esp ect to an y fin an ci al obl ig ations und ert ak en or to b e und ert ak en b y th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a; ( c) th e custod y of th e Consolidat ed Fund or th e Conting en c y Fund of Indi a, th e p a yment of mon e ys into or th e withdr awal of mon e ys fro m an y su ch Fund; (d) th e appropriation of mon e ys out of th e Con solid at ed Fund of Indi a; ( e) th e d e cl aring of an y exp enditu r e to b e exp enditu r e ch arg ed on th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a or th e in cr easing of th e amoun t of an y su ch exp enditu re; (f) th e r eceip t of mon e y on account of th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a or th e publi c account of Indi a or the custod y or issu e of su ch mon ey or th e audit of th e accounts of th e Union or of a St at e; or (g) an y matt er in cid ent al to an y of th e mat t ers sp ecif i ed in sub-cl aus es ( a) to ( f) . (2) A Bill sh all not b e d eemed to b e a Mon e y Bill b y r e ason only th at it provid es for th e i mposit ion of fin es or oth er p e cuni ar y p en alt i es, o r fo r th e d e ma nd o r p a yment of f e es for licen ces or f e es for s ervi c es r ender ed , or b y r e ason th at i t provid es for th e imp osit ion, abolition , r e miss ion, alt e r ation or r egul ation o f any t ax b y an y lo ca l author it y o r bod y for lo cal purpos es . (3) If an y qu estion aris es wh ether a Bill is a Mon e y Bill or not , th e d e cis ion of th e Sp eak er of th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e th er eon sh al l b e fin a l.
(4) Th er e sh all b e endors ed on ev er y Mon e y Bill wh en it is tr ans mit t ed to th e Coun cil of St at es und er arti cl e 109 , and wh en it is pr es en t ed to th e Pr esid ent for ass ent und er arti cl e 111 , th e certi fi c at e of th e Sp eak er of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e sign ed b y hi m th at it i s a Mon ey Bill . 111 . As s ent to Bil ls.—Wh en a B il l h as b e en p ass ed b y th e Hous es of P arl i a ment , it sh all b e pr es ent ed to th e Pr esid ent , and th e P r esid ent sh al l d e cl ar e eith er that h e ass ents to th e Bil l, o r th at h e withholds ass en t th er efro m: Provid ed th at the Pr esid ent ma y, as soon as possib l e af t er th e pr es ent a tion to hi m of a Bi ll for ass ent , r eturn th e Bil l i f it is not a Mon e y Bill to th e Hous es with a mess ag e r equ est ing th at th ey will r e consid er th e Bill or an y sp ecifi ed provis ions th er eof and , in p ar ti cul ar , will consider th e d esir abi lit y of introdu cing an y su ch amendmen ts as h e ma y r e co mme nd in his me ss ag e, and when a Bil l i s so r eturn ed , th e Hous es sh al l r e consid er th e Bil l according l y, and if th e Bill is p ass ed ag ain b y th e Hous es with or without amend ment and p resent ed to th e Pr esid en t for ass ent , th e Pr esident sh al l not withhold ass ent th er efro m. Pro c edur e in Finan cial Matt er s 112 . Annua l f inan cial sta t ement .—(1 ) Th e Pr esid ent sh a ll in r esp e ct of ev er y fin an c i al year ca us e to b e l aid b efor e both th e Hous es of P arliame n t a st at ement of th e esti ma t ed r eceipts and exp enditu r e of th e Govern men t of Indi a for th at year , in this P art r ef err ed to as th e " annu al f inanci al s t at emen t''. (2) Th e esti ma t es of exp enditur e embod i ed in the annu al fin an cial st at ement sh al l sho w s ep ar at e l y— (a) th e su ms r equir ed to meet exp enditu r e d es cr ib ed b y this Const itution as exp enditur e ch arg ed upon th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a; and (b) th e su ms r equir ed to meet oth er exp enditur e propos ed to b e ma d e fro m th e Consolid at ed Fund of Ind i a, and sh all dis tinguish exp endi tur e on r ev enu e account fro m oth er exp enditur e . (3) The following expenditure shall be expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India— (a) the emoluments and allowances of the President and other expenditure relating to his office; (b) the salaries and allowances of the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman of the Council of States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker of the House of the People; (c) debt charges for which the Government of India is liable including interest, sinking fund charges and redemption charges, and other expenditure relating to the raising of loans and the service and redemption of debt; (d) (i) the salaries, allowances and pensions payable to or in respect of Judges of the Supreme Court; (ii) the pensions payable to or in respect of Judges of the Federal Court; (iii) the pensions payable to or in respect of Judges of any High Court which exercises jurisdiction in relation to any area included in the territory of India or which at any time before the commencement of this Constitution exercised jurisdiction in relation to any area included in a Governor's Province of the Dominion of India; (e) the salary, allowances and pension payable to or in respect of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India; (f) any sums required to satisfy any judgment, decree or award of any court or arbitral tribunal; (g) any other expenditure declared by this Constitution or by Parliament by law to be so charged. 113. Procedure in Parliament with respect to estimates.—(1) So much of the estimates as relates to expenditure charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India shall not be submitted to the vote of Parliament, but nothing in this clause shall be construed as preventing the discussion in either House of Parliament of any of those estimates.
(2) So much of the said estimates as relates to other expenditure shall be submitted in the form of demands for grants to the House of the People, and the House of the People shall have power to assent, or to refuse to assent, to any demand, or to assent to any demand subject to a reduction of the amount specified therein. (3) No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of the President. 114. Appropriation Bills.— (1) As soon as may be after the grants under article 113 have been made by the House of the People, there shall be introduced a Bill to provide for the appropriation out of the Consolidated Fund of India of all moneys required to meet— (a) the grants so made by the House of th e P eopl e; and (b) the expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India but not exceeding in any case the amount shown in the statement previously laid before Parliament. (2) No amendment shall be proposed to any such Bill in either House of Parliament which will have the effect of varying the amount or altering the destination of any grant so made or of varying the amount of any expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India, and the decision of the person presiding as to whether an amendment is inadmissible under this clause shall be final. (3) Subject to the provisions of articles 115 and 116, no money shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund of India except under appropriation made by law passed in accordance with the provisions of this article. 115. Supplementary, additional or excess grants.— (1) The President shall— (a) if the amount authorised by any law made in accordance with the provisions of article 114 to be expended for a particular service for the current financial year is found to be insufficient for the purposes of that year or when a need has arisen during the current financial year for supplementary or additional expenditure upon some new service not contemplated in the annual financial statement for that year, or (b) if any money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess of the amount granted for that service and for that year, cause to be laid before both the Houses of Parliament another statement showing the estimated amount of that expenditure or cause to be presented to the House of the People a demand for such excess, as the case may be. (2) The provisions of articles 112, 113 and 114 shall have effect in relation to any such statement and expenditure or demand and also to any law to be made authorising the appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of India to meet such expenditure or the grant in respect of such demand as they have effect in relation to the annual financial statement and the expenditure mentioned therein or to a demand for a grant and the law to be made for the authorisation of appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of India to meet such expenditure or grant. 116. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, the House of the People shall have power— (a) to make any grant in advance in re sp ect of th e estimat ed exp enditur e for a p art of an y fin an ci al year p ending the co mp l etion of th e pro c edur e pres crib ed in art i cl e 113 for th e voting of su ch gr ant and th e p assing of th e law in accord an ce with th e provision s of arti cl e 114 in r el at ion to th at exp enditu re; (b) to ma k e a grant for meeting an un exp e ct ed dema n d upon th e r esour ces of Indi a wh en on account of th e ma gn itud e or the ind efin it e ch ar act er of th e s ervi ce th e d e ma nd cannot b e stat ed with th e d et ai ls ordin aril y giv en in an annu al fin an ci a l st at ement; ( c) to ma k e an ex ception a l gr an t whi ch for ms no p art of th e current s ervi ce of an y fin an ci al year; and P arli a me nt sh al l h av e po wer to authori s e by l a w th e wi thdrawal of mon e ys fro m th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a for th e purpos es for whi ch th e s aid gr ant s a r e ma d e. (2) Th e provisions of arti cles 113 and 114 sh all h av e eff e ct in r el at ion to th e ma k ing of an y gr ant und er cl ause (1) and to an y l a w to b e ma d e und er th at cl ause as th ey h av e effect in r el at ion to th e mak ing of a gr ant with r egard to an y exp enditu re mention ed in th e annu al fin an ci a l st at ement and the l a w to b e made
for th e authori sation of appropri at ion o f mon e ys out of th e Consol id at ed Fund of Indi a to meet such exp enditur e . 117 . Special p rovis ions a s to f inan cial Bi lls .—( 1 ) A B i l l o r a me n d me n t ma k ing provision for an y o f th e ma t t ers sp eci fi ed in sub- cl aus es (a) to (f) of cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 110 sh all not b e introdu ced or mov ed ex cept on th e r e co mme nd ation of th e Pr esid ent and a Bill making su ch provis ion sh all not b e int rodu ced in the Coun cil of St at es : Provid ed th at no r e co mme nd at ion sh all b e r equir ed und er thi s cl aus e for th e mo ving of an amen d men t ma king provision for th e r edu ction or aboli tion o f any t ax . (2) A Bill or amend ment sh all not b e d eemed to ma k e prov ision for an y o f th e mat t ers afor es aid b y r e ason on ly th at it provid es for th e i mposition of fin e s or oth er p e cuni ar y p en alt i es , or for th e d e mand or p a yment of f e es for li cen c es or f e es for s ervi c es r end er ed , or by r e ason th at it provid es for th e i mposit ion, aboli tion , r e mi ssion , alt er a tion or r egul at ion of an y t ax b y an y lo cal authori t y or bod y for lo cal purpos es . (3) A Bill whi ch, if en act ed and brought in to oper at ion, would involv e exp enditu re from t h e Conso lid at ed Fund of India sh all not b e pass ed b y eith er Hous e of Parli ame n t unl ess th e Pr esid en t h a s r eco mme nd ed to th at Hous e th e consid er ation of th e Bill .
P ro c edur e G en eral l y 1 1 8 . Rul e s o f p r o c edu r e .— ( 1 ) E a c h Ho u s e o f P ar l i a men t ma y ma k e r u l es f o r r egul ating, sub ject to th e provisions of thi s Const itution , its procedur e and th e condu ct of its busin es s. (2) Until ru l es ar e ma d e und er cl aus e (1) , th e rul es of pro c edur e and st anding ord ers in for ce immed i at el y b efor e th e co mmencemen t of this Const itution with r esp ect to th e Le gis l atur e of th e Do min ion o f Indi a sh al l h av e eff e ct in r el a tion to P arl i a ment subj ect to su ch modif i cations and ad apt at ions as ma y b e ma d e th er ein b y th e Ch air man of th e Coun cil of St at es or th e Sp eak er of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e, as th e cas e ma y b e . (3) Th e Pr esid ent , aft er consultation with th e Ch air man of th e Coun cil of St at es and th e Sp eak er of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e, ma y ma k e rul es as to th e pro c edur e with r esp ect to jo int si ttings of , and co mmun i cations b et w een, th e t wo H o u s es . (4) At a joint sitting of th e t wo Hous es th e Sp eak er of th e Hou se of th e P eopl e, or in his abs en ce su ch p erson as ma y b e d et er min ed b y rul es of pro c edur e ma d e und er cl aus e (3), sh all pr esid e . 119. Regulation by law of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.— Parliament may, for the purpose of the timely completion of financial business, regulate by law the procedure of, and the conduct of business in, each House of Parliament in relation to any financial matter or to any Bill for the appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of India, and, if and so far as any provision of any law so made is inconsistent with any rule made by a House of Parliament under clause (1) of article 118 or with any rule or standing order having effect in relation to Parliament under clause (2) of that article, such provision shall prevail. 120. Language to be used in Parliament.— (1) Notwithstanding anything in Part XVII, but subject to the provisions of article 348, business in Parliament shall be transacted in Hindi or in English: Provided that the Chairman of the Council of States or Speaker of the House of the People, or person acting as such, as the case may be, may permit any member who cannot adequately express himself in Hindi or in English to address the House in his mother-tongue.
(2) Unless Parliament by law otherwise provides, this article shall, after the expiration of a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, have effect as if the words “or in English” were omitted therefrom. 121. Restriction on discussion in Parliament.— No discussion shall take place in Parliament with respect to the conduct of any Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of his duties except upon a motion for presenting an address to the President praying for the removal of the Judge as hereinafter provided. 122. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament.— (1) The validity of any proceedings in Parliament shall not be called in question on the ground of any alleged irregularity of procedure. (2) No officer or member of Parliament in whom powers are vested by or under this Constitution for regulating procedure or the conduct of business, or for maintaining order, in Parliament shall be subject to the jurisdiction of any court in respect of the exercise by him of those powers. CHAPTER III—LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT 123. Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.—(1) If at any time, except when both Houses of Parliament are in session, the President is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action, he may promulgate such Ordinances as the circumstances appear to him to require. (2) An Ordinance promulgated under this article shall have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament, but every such Ordinance— (a) shall be laid before both Houses of Parliament and shall cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament, or, if before the expiration of that period resolutions disapproving it are passed by both Houses, upon the passing of the second of those resolutions; and (b) may b e withdr awn at an y time b y th e Pr es id ent . Explanation . —Wh e r e th e Houses of P arli a me nt ar e su mmon ed to r e ass e mbl e on diff er ent d at es , th e p eriod of six we ek s sh all b e r e ckon ed fro m th e l at er of those d at es for th e purpos es of thi s claus e . (3) If and so f ar as an Ordin an ce und er this articl e ma k es an y provis ion whi ch P arl i a ment would not und er this Constitu tion b e co mp et ent to en act , it sh all b e void . * * * * * C H A P T E R I V .—T H E U N I O N J U D I C I A R Y 124 . Establishmen t a nd cons titut ion o f Sup re me Cou rt .— (1) Th er e sh all b e a Supr eme Court of Indi a consisting of a Chi ef Just i c e of Ind ia and , un til 1 P arl i a ment b y l aw pr es crib es a la rg er nu mb er , of not mor e th an s ev en oth er J u d g es . (2) Ev er y Judg e of th e Supr eme Court sh all b e appoint ed b y the Pr esid ent b y warr ant und er his h and and s e al aft er consult a tion with su ch of th e Judg es of the Supr eme Cou rt and of th e High Courts in th e Stat es as th e Pr esid ent ma y d e em n ecess ar y for the purpos e and sh all hold off i ce unti l h e at t ains th e ag e of sixt yfiv e years : Provid ed th at in th e cas e of appoint me nt of a Judg e oth er th an th e Chi ef Jus ti c e, th e Chief Just i c e of Indi a sh al l al ways b e consult ed: P r o v i d ed f u r t h er t h at — (a) a Judg e ma y, b y wri ting und er his h and addr ess ed to th e Pr esid en t, r esign hi s of fi ce; (b) a Judg e ma y b e r e mov ed fro m his offi ce in th e mann er provid ed in cl aus e (4) . (2 A) Th e ag e of a Judg e of th e Supr eme Cou rt sh al l b e d et er min ed b y su ch author it y and in su ch mann er as P arli a me nt ma y b y l aw prov id e.
(3) A person shall not b e qu alifi ed for appointme n t as a Judg e of th e Supr eme C o u r t u n l ess h e i s a cit iz en o f I n d i a an d — (a) h as b e en for at l e as t f iv e years a Judg e of a High Court or of t wo or mo r e su ch Cour ts in su ccession ; or (b) h as b e en for at l e as t t en years an advo cat e of a High Court or of t wo or mo r e su ch Cour ts in su ccession ; or ( c) is , in th e opinion of th e Pr esid en t, a dist inguish ed jur ist . Explanation I .— In this cl aus e "High Court' ' means a High Court whi ch ex er cis e s, or whi ch at an y ti me b efor e th e co mmen cemen t of this Const itution ex er cis ed , juri sdi ct ion in an y part of th e t err itor y of Indi a. Explanation II .— In co mput ing for th e purpos e of this cl au s e the p eriod during w hi ch a p e rson h as b e en an advo c at e , an y p er iod during whi ch a p erson h as h eld judi ci al offi ce not inf er ior to that of a distri ct judg e aft er h e b ecame an advo cate sh al l b e in clud ed . (4) A Judg e of th e Supr eme Court sh al l no t b e remo v ed fro m his offi ce ex cept b y an o rd er o f th e Pr esid ent p ass ed aft er an addr ess b y e a ch Hous e of P arli a me nt support ed b y a ma j ori t y of th e tot al me mb ership of th at Hous e and b y a ma jori ty of not l ess th an t wo-th irds of the me mb ers of that Hous e pr es ent and voting h as b e en pr es ent ed to th e Pr esid ent in th e s a me s e ssion for su ch r e mov al on th e ground of prov ed misb eh aviour or in cap a cit y. (5) P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w r egul at e th e pro c edur e for th e pr esent at ion of an addr ess and for th e inv es tig ation and p roof o f th e misb eh aviour or in cap a cit y of a Judg e und er cl aus e (4) . (6) Ev er y p erson appoint ed to be a Judg e of th e Supr eme Cour t sh al l, b efor e h e ent ers upon his offi ce, ma k e and subs crib e b efor e th e Pr esid ent , or so me p erson appoint ed in th at b eh alf b y hi m, an o a th o r af firmat ion according to th e for m s et out for th e purpos e in th e Third S ch edul e. (7) No person who h as h eld office as a Judg e of th e Supr eme Court sh al l p l ead or act in an y court or b efor e any authori t y within th e t err itor y of Indi a. 125 . Sala ri es , et c . , of Judg es .— (1) Th er e sh all b e p aid to th e Judg es of th e Supr e me Cou rt su ch s al ar i es a s ma y b e d et er min ed b y P a rli a me nt b y l a w and , unti l p rovision in th at b eh alf is so mad e, su ch sal ar i es as ar e specif i ed in th e S e co n d S ch ed u l e . (2) Ev er y Judg e sh all b e entit l ed to su ch privil eg es and allo w anc e s and to su ch righ ts in r esp ect of l e av e of ab sen ce and p en sion as may fro m time t o ti me b e d et er min ed b y or und er l a w ma de b y P a rli a me nt and , un til so d eter min ed , to su ch priv il eg es , allowan c es and r ights as ar e sp ecified in th e S e cond S ch edul e: Provid ed th at n eith er th e pr ivil eg es nor th e allowan c es of a Judg e nor his righ ts in r esp ect of l e av e of ab sen ce or p ension sh al l b e v ari ed to his dis adv an t age af ter his appoint me nt . 126 . Appo int ment of a cting Chi ef Just i c e. —Wh en th e offi ce of Chi ef Just i c e of Indi a is v acant or wh en th e Chi ef Just i c e is , b y r e ason o f abs en ce or oth er wis e, un abl e to p erfor m the duti es of his offi ce, th e duti es of th e offi ce sh al l b e p erfor med b y su ch on e of th e oth er Judg es of th e Court as th e Pr esid ent ma y appo int for th e purpos e. 127 . Appo int ment of ad hoc Judg es .— (1) I f at an y ti me th er e should not b e a quoru m of th e Judg es of th e Supr eme Cou rt av ail ab l e to ho ld or continu e an y s ess ion of th e Court , th e Chi ef Just i c e of Ind ia ma y, with th e previous cons ent of th e Pr esid en t and aft er consult a tion with th e Chi ef Just i c e of th e High Court con c ern ed, r equ est in writing th e att end ance at th e sitt ings of th e Court , as a n ad ho c J u d g e, f o r s u ch p er io d as ma y b e n e ce s s ar y , o f a J u d g e o f a Hig h Co u r t dul y qu ali fi ed for appoint me nt as a Judg e o f the Supr eme Court to b e d esign ated b y th e Chi ef Justi ce of Indi a.
(2) It sh al l b e the dut y of th e Judg e who h as b e en so d esign at ed , in priori t y to oth er dut ies o f his off i ce, to attend th e sitt ings of th e Supr eme Court at th e ti me and for th e p eriod for whi ch h is att end an ce is r equir ed , and wh ile so att ending he sh al l h av e all the jurisd i ction , po wers and p rivileg es , and sh all dis ch arg e th e duti e s, of a Judg e of th e Supr eme Cour t. 128 . At ten dan ce of reti red Judg es at sitt ings of th e Sup reme Cou rt .— Not withs t anding an ything in this Ch apt er , th e Chi ef Jus ti ce of Indi a ma y at an y ti me, with th e pr evious cons en t of th e Pr esid en t, r equ est an y p erson who has h eld th e offi ce of a Judg e of th e Supr eme Cou rt or of th e F ed er al Court or who h a s h eld th e offi ce of a Judg e o f a High Court and is dul y qu al ifi ed for appoint me nt as a Judg e o f the Supr eme Court to si t and act as a Judg e o f th e Supr eme Cou rt , a nd ev er y su ch p erson so r equ est ed sh al l, whil e so sitt ing and ac ting , b e entit l ed to su ch allo wances as th e Pr esid ent may b y order d et er min e and h av e all th e jur isdi ction , powers and p rivil eg es of , bu t sh all not oth er wis e be d eemed to b e , a Judg e of th at Court : Provid ed th at nothing in th is arti cl e sh all b e d eemed to r equir e an y su ch p erson as afor esa id to si t and a ct as a Judg e o f th at Court unl ess h e con s ents so to do . 1 2 9 . S u p re me C o u rt t o b e a cou rt o f r e co rd .— Th e Supr eme Court sh al l b e a court of r e cord and sh all h av e all th e po wers of su ch a cour t including th e po we r to punish for cont empt of its elf. 1 3 0 . S ea t o f S u p r e me C o u rt .—Th e Supr eme Court sh al l sit in Delhi or in su ch oth er pl ace or pl aces , as th e Chi ef Jus ti ce of Indi a ma y, with the approv al of the Pr esid en t, fro m ti me to ti me , appoint . 131 . Orig inal ju risd i ction of th e Sup reme Cou rt .—Sub j ect to th e provision s of this Const itution , th e Supr eme Court sh all , to th e ex clusion of an y oth er court , h av e origin al jurisd i ction in any disput e— (a) b et w een th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a and on e o r mo r e St at es; or (b) b et w een th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a and an y S tat e or St at es on on e sid e and on e o r mor e oth er St at es on th e oth er ; or ( c) b et w e en t wo or mor e St a t es , if and in so f ar as th e disput e involv es an y qu estion ( wh eth er of l a w o r f act) on whi ch th e exist en ce or ext ent of a l eg al right d ep ends: Provid ed th at th e s aid juri sdi ction sh al l no t extend to a d isput e arising out of a n y tr e at y, agr ee me n t , cov en an t, eng ag e me nt , sanad or oth er simi l ar ins tru ment whi ch , h av ing been ent er ed into or ex ecut ed b e for e th e co mme ncemen t of this Consti tution , continu e s in op er ation af t er such co mme n cement , or whi ch provides th at th e s aid ju risd i ction sh all not ext end to su ch a d isput e. 1 3 1 A . [ Exclu si ve jurisd i ction of th e Supr eme Court in r egard to qu est ions a s to const itutional valid it y of Centra l laws.] Rep . b y th e Constitu tion (F ort y- third A m e n d m en t ) A ct , 1977 , s . 4 (w . e . f . 13 -4-1978 ). 132 . App el lat e ju ris di ction of Sup reme Cou rt in app eals f rom Hi gh Cou rts in certain cas es.— (1) An app eal sh al l li e to the Supr eme Court fro m an y judg me nt , d e cr ee or fin al ord er of a High Cour t in th e t err itor y of Indi a, wh eth er in a civil , cri min al or oth er proceeding , if th e High Court certifi es und er art i cle 134 A th at th e cas e involv es a subst an ti al qu estion of l a w as to th e int erpr e t ation of this Const itution . * * * * * (3) Wh er e su ch a certif i c at e is giv en , an y p a rt y in th e cas e ma y app e al to th e Supr eme Cou rt on th e ground that an y su ch qu estion as afor es aid h as b e en w r o n g l y d e cid ed .
Explanation . — For th e purpos es of this art i cl e , th e expr ession “fin al ord e r” in clud es an ord er d e ciding an issu e whi ch , if d ecid ed in f avour of th e app ell ant , would b e suffi cient for th e fin al dispos al of th e cas e. 133 . App el lat e ju ris di ction of Sup reme Cou rt in app eals f rom Hi gh Cou rts in r ega rd to civil ma tt e rs .— (1) An app eal sh all li e to th e Supreme Cour t fro m an y judg me nt , decr ee or fin al ord er in a civil pro ceeding of a High Court in th e t err itor y of India if th e High Court cert ifi es under arti cl e 134 A— (a) th at th e cas e involv es a subst ant i al qu estion of l a w of g en e r al i mp o r t an c e; an d (b) th at in th e opinion of th e High Court th e s aid qu estion n e eds to b e d e cid ed b y th e Supr e me Cou rt . (2) Not withs t anding an ything in arti cle 132 , an y p art y app e aling to th e Supr eme Cou rt und er cl aus e (1) ma y urg e as one of th e grounds in su ch app e al th at a subst an ti al qu est ion of l aw as to th e int erpr et a tion of this Constitu tion h as b e en w r o n g l y d ec i d ed . (3) Not withs t anding an ything in this art i cl e , no app e al sh all , unl ess P ar li a men t b y l a w o th er wise provid es , li e to th e Supr eme Court fro m th e judg me nt , d e cr ee or fin a l ord e r of on e Judg e of a High Court . 134 . App el lat e ju ris di ction of Sup reme Cou rt in rega rd to cri mi nal ma t t e rs .—(1) An app e al sh all lie to th e Supr eme Court fro m any judg me nt , fin al ord er or s ent en ce in a cri min al pro ceeding of a High Court in the t erri tor y of Indi a if th e High Court— (a) h as on app eal r ev ers ed an ord er of acquitt al of an accus ed person and s ent en ced hi m to d e ath; or (b) h as withdr aw n for tri al b efor e its elf any cas e fro m an y court subordin a t e to its author it y and h as in su ch tri al convi ct ed th e accus ed p erson and s ent en ced hi m to d e ath; or ( c) cert ifi es under arti cl e 134 A th at th e cas e is a fit on e for appeal to th e Supr eme Cou rt: Provid ed th a t an a pp e al und er sub- cl aus e ( c) sh all l i e subj e ct to su ch provis ions as ma y b e ma d e in th at b eh alf und er cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 145 and to su ch condit ions as th e High Court ma y est ablish or r equir e . (2) P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w conf er on th e Supr eme Cour t an y furth er po wers to ent er t ain and h ear app e als fro m an y judg me nt , f in al ord er or s ent en ce in a cri min al pro ceeding of a High Court in th e t errito r y of Ind i a subj ect to su ch condit ions and li mit a tions as may b e sp ecifi ed in su ch l a w. 1 3 4 A . C e rti f i ca t e f o r a p p ea l t o t h e S u p r e me C o u rt .— Ev er y Hig h Co u r t , p assing or ma king a judg men t, d e cr ee, fin al ord er , or s ent en ce, r ef err ed to in cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 132 or cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 133 , o r cl aus e (1) of arti cle 134, — (a) ma y, i f it d eems fit so to do , on its o wn mot ion; and (b) sh al l, if an or al appl ication is mad e, b y or on b eh alf of th e p art y aggri ev ed , i mme di at el y af t er the p assing or ma king of su ch judg me nt , d e cr ee, fin a l ord e r or s ent en ce, d et er min e, as soon as ma y b e after su ch p assing or ma king , the qu est ion wh eth er a certif i c at e of th e n atur e r ef erred to in cl aus e (1) of arti cle 132, o r cl aus e (1) of a r t i cl e 1 3 3 o r , as t h e c as e ma y b e , s u b - cl aus e ( c) o f cl aus e ( 1 ) o f art i c l e 1 3 4 , ma y b e giv en in r espe c t of th at c as e . 135 . J urisdi ction and pow e rs of th e Fed e ral Cou rt und er existing law to b e e x e r ci s a b l e b y t h e S u p r e me C o u rt .— Unti l P arl i a ment b y l a w oth er wis e provid es , th e Supr eme Cou rt sh all al so h av e jur isdi c tion and powers with r esp ec t to an y ma tt er to whi ch th e p rovision s of art i cl e 133 or arti cl e 134 do no t app l y if jur isdi ction and po wers in r el ation to th at matt er wer e ex er cis abl e b y th e F ed er al
Court i mme d i atel y b efor e th e co mme n cement of this Const itution und er an y exis ting l a w. 136 . Special l eav e to app eal by th e Sup reme Cou rt .—(1 ) Not with st anding an ything in th is Ch apt er , th e Supr eme Cou rt may, in its dis cr et ion , g r ant sp eci al l e av e to app e al fro m an y judg me nt , d e cr ee, d eter min ation , s enten ce or ord er in an y caus e or ma tt er p as s ed or ma d e b y an y court or tribun al in th e t erri tor y o f India. (2) Nothing in cl aus e (1) sh al l appl y to an y judgmen t , d e t er min ation , s ent en ce or ord er p ass ed or ma d e b y an y court or tr ibunal const itut ed b y or und er an y l aw r el a ting to th e Ar med For ces. 137 . R evi ew of judg me n ts o r or d e rs by th e S up r e me C ou rt .— Subj ect to th e provis ions of any l a w ma d e b y Parl i a ment or an y rul es ma d e under arti cl e 145 , th e Supr eme Court sh al l h av e po wer to r evi ew an y judg me nt pronoun ced or order ma d e b y i t. 138 . En la rg ement of th e ju risdi ct ion of th e Sup reme Cou rt .— (1) Th e Supr e me Cou rt sh al l h av e su ch furth e r jurisdi ction and pow e rs w ith r esp e ct to an y of th e mat t ers in th e Union List as P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w conf er . (2) Th e Supr eme Court sh all h av e su ch furth er jur isdi ction and po we rs wi th r esp ect to an y ma tt er as th e Govern me nt of India and th e Gov ern me nt of an y St at e ma y b y speci al agr eement conf er , if P arli ame n t b y l aw provid es for th e ex er cis e of su ch jurisd i ction and po we rs b y th e Supr eme Cour t. 139 . Conf erme nt on th e Sup reme Cou rt of pow e rs to issu e certain w rits . — P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w con f er on th e Supr eme Court po wer to issu e dir ections , ord ers or writs , in clud ing wr its in th e n atur e of h a b eas cor p u s , m a n d a mus , prohib ition , quo warranto and ce rt iorari , or an y of th em, for any purpos es oth er th an thos e mention ed in cl aus e (2) of arti cl e 32. 1 3 9 A . T ra n s f e r o f c e rt a i n cas es .— (1) Wh er e ca s es involv ing th e s a me or subs tan ti all y the s a me qu es tions of l a w ar e p ending b efor e th e Supr eme Cou rt and on e o r mor e High Cour ts or b efor e t wo or mor e High Cou rts and th e Sup r eme Court is s at isfi ed on its o wn motion or on an appli cation mad e b y th e Attorn eyGen er al of Indi a or b y a p art y to an y su ch cas e th at su ch qu estions ar e subst ant ial qu est ions o f g ener al i mport an ce, th e Supr eme Court ma y withdraw th e cas e or cas es p ending befor e th e High Court or th e High Courts and dispos e of all th e cas es it s elf: Provid ed th at the Supr eme Court ma y aft er d et er mining th e s aid qu estions of l a w r eturn an y ca s e so withdr awn tog eth er with a cop y o f its judg ment on su ch qu est ions to th e High Cour t from whi ch th e case h as b e en wi thdr awn , and th e High Court sh all on r eceipt th ereof , pro ceed to dispo se of th e ca s e in confor mity with su ch judg me nt . (2) Th e Supr eme Court ma y, if it d eems it exp edi ent so to do for th e ends of jus ti ce, tr ansf er an y cas e, app e al or oth er pro c ee dings p ending b efor e an y High Court to an y other High Cou rt . 140 . An ci lla ry pow e rs of Sup re me C ou rt .— P a r l i a men t ma y b y l a w ma k e provis ion for conf err ing upon the Supr eme Court su ch suppl ement al po wers not in cons ist ent with an y o f th e provis ions o f this Consti tution as may app ear to be n ecess ar y or d esir ab l e fo r the purpos e of en abling th e Court mo re eff e ctiv el y to ex er cis e th e jur isdi c tion conf erred upon it b y o r und er this Consti tution . 141 . Law d e clared by S up reme Co urt to b e bindi ng on all cou rts .— Th e l a w d e cl ar ed b y th e Supr eme Cou rt sh al l b e binding on all courts within th e t er ritory of India. 142 . Enfo rceme nt of d ecrees and o rd e rs of Sup reme Cou rt and o rd e rs as to d i s co v e ry , et c .— (1) Th e Supreme Cour t in the ex er cis e of its jurisd i ction may p ass su ch d e cr ee or mak e su ch ord er as is n e c ess ar y for doing c o mpl et e just i c e in an y caus e or ma tt er p end ing b efor e it , and an y decr ee so p ass ed or ord er so made
sh al l b e enfor c ea bl e throughout th e t err itor y of Indi a in su ch ma nn er as ma y b e pr es cr ib ed b y or und er an y l aw ma d e b y P ar li ame n t and, unt il provis ion in th at b eh alf is so made, in su ch manner as th e Pr esident may b y ord er pr es crib e. (2) Subj ect to the provision s of an y l a w ma d e in this b eh alf b y P arl i a ment , th e Supr eme Cou rt sh al l, as r esp ects th e whol e of th e t erri tor y o f Indi a, h av e all and ev er y po wer to ma k e an y ord er for th e purpos e of s e curing th e att end an ce of any p erson , th e dis cov er y or produ ction of an y do cume n ts , or th e inv est ig ation or punish me nt of an y cont empt of its elf. 143 . Pow er of Pr esid ent to consul t Sup reme Cou rt .— (1) If at an y ti me it a pp e ars to th e Pr esid en t th at a qu est ion of l a w or f a ct h as aris en, o r is lik el y to aris e, whi ch is of su ch a n a tur e and o f su ch publi c i mport an ce th at i t is exp ed ient to obt ain th e opinion of th e Supr eme Co u rt upon it , h e ma y r efer th e qu estion to th at Court for consid er ation an d th e Court may, aft er su ch h earing as it think s fi t, r eport to th e Pr esid en t its opinion th er eon . (2) Th e Pr esid ent ma y, not wi thst and ing an ything in th e proviso to arti cl e 131 , r ef er a disput e of th e kind men tion ed in th e s aid proviso to th e Supr eme Cou rt for opinion and th e Supr eme Cou rt sh al l, aft e r su ch h e aring as it thinks fi t, r epor t to th e Pr esid en t its opinion th er eon. 144 . Civ il and judi cia l au tho riti es to a ct in aid of th e Sup reme Cou rt .— Al l author iti es , civil and judi ci al, in th e t erri tor y of Indi a sh al l act in aid of th e S u p r e me Cou rt . 1 4 4 A . [ Special pro vis ions as to disposal of qu est ions r elating to consti tutional valid it y of la ws .] Rep. b y th e Const itution (F orty-th ird Amend ment ) Act , 1977, s . 5 ( w. e .f . 1 3 - 4 - 1 9 7 8 ) . 1 4 5 . Rul e s o f Cou rt , et c. — (1) Subj ect to th e provis ions of an y l a w ma d e b y P arl i a ment , th e Supr eme Cou rt ma y f ro m t i me to ti me , wi th th e approv al of th e Pr esid en t, mak e rul es for r egul ating g en er al l y th e pr acti ce and pro c edur e of th e Court in clud ing— (a) rul es as to th e p ersons pr actis ing b efo r e the Court; (b) rul es as to th e pro c edur e for h e aring app e als and oth er ma tte rs p ert aining to app e als in cluding th e ti me within whi ch app e als to th e Court ar e to b e ent er ed; ( c) rul es as to th e pro ceedings in th e Court for th e enfor c ement of an y of th e righ ts con ferr ed b y P art III; ( c c) rul es as to th e pro ceedings in th e Court under arti cl e 139 A; (d) rul es as to th e ent ert ain ment of app e als under sub- cl aus e ( c) of cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 134; ( e) rul es as to th e condition s subj ect to whi ch an y judg ment pronoun ced or ord er ma d e b y th e Court ma y b e r evi ewed and th e pro c edur e for su ch r evi ew in clud ing th e time wi thin wh i ch appli c at ions to th e Court for su ch r evi ew ar e to b e ent er ed; (f) ru l es as to the costs of and in cid ent al to an y pro ceedings in th e Court and as to th e f ees to b e ch arg ed in r esp ect of pro ceedings th er ein; (g) rul es as to th e gr anting of bail ; (h) rul es as to stay of pro ceedings; (i) ru l es p roviding for th e su mma r y d et er min at ion of an y app e al w hi ch app e ars to th e Court to b e frivolous or v ex atious or brought for th e purpos e of d el a y; (j) ru l es as to the pro c edur e for inqui ri es r ef err ed to in cl aus e (1) of a rt i cl e 317 . (2) Subj ect to the provision s of cl aus e (3) , rul es ma d e und er this arti cl e ma y fix th e mini mum nu mb er of Judg es who ar e to si t fo r an y purpos e, and ma y provid e for th e po wers of single Judg es and Divis ion Cour ts.
(3) Th e mini mum nu mb er of Judg es who ar e to si t fo r th e purpos e of d e ciding an y cas e involving a subst anti a l qu est ion of l a w as to th e int erpret at ion o f th is Consti tution or for th e purpos e of h e aring an y ref er en c e und er art i cl e 143 sh all b e fiv e: Provid ed th at , wh er e th e Cou rt h e aring an app eal und er an y of th e provis ions of this Ch apt er oth er th an art i cle 132 con sists of l ess th an fiv e Judg es and in the cours e of th e h earing of th e appeal th e Court is s at isfi ed th at the app e al involv es a subst ant i al quest ion of l a w as to th e int erpr e tation of thi s Const itution th e d et er min at ion of whi ch is n ecess ar y for th e dispos al of th e app eal , su ch Cou rt sh al l r e f er th e qu est ion fo r op inion to a Court const itut ed as r equir ed b y this cl aus e for th e purpos e of d e ciding an y cas e involving su ch a quest ion and sh al l on r eceipt of the opinion dispose of th e appeal in confor mit y with su ch opinion . (4) No judg men t sh all b e d eliv ere d b y th e Sup r eme C our t s av e in op en Cour t, and no r eport shall b e ma d e under arti cl e 143 s av e in accord an ce with an op inion also d el iver ed in op en Cour t. (5) No judg men t and no su ch opinion sh al l b e d eliv er ed b y th e Supr eme Cou rt s av e with th e con curr en ce of a ma j ori t y of th e Judg es pr es ent at th e h e aring of th e cas e , but nothing in th is cl aus e sh all b e d e emed to p r even t a Judg e who does not con cur fro m d eliv er ing a diss ent ing judg ment or opinion . 146 . Off i cers and s e rvants and th e exp ens es of th e Sup reme Cou rt.—(1) Appoint me nts of offi cer s and s erv ants of th e Supr eme Cou rt sh all b e ma d e b y the Chi ef Just i c e o f Indi a or su ch oth er Judg e or offi cer of th e Court as h e ma y dir e ct: Provid ed th at the Pr esid ent may b y rul e r equir e th at in su ch cases as may b e sp ecif i ed in th e rul e , no p erson not alr e ad y att ach ed to th e Court sh al l b e appoint ed to any offi ce conn ected with th e Court , s av e aft er consul t ation with th e Union Publi c S ervi ce Co mmi ssion . (2) Subj ect to the provision s of an y l a w mad e by P arli a ment , the condition s of s ervi ce of off ice rs and s erv ants of th e Supr eme Court sh all b e su ch as ma y b e pr es cr ib ed b y rul es ma d e b y the Chi ef Justi ce of Indi a or b y so me o th er Judg e or offi cer of th e Court author is ed b y th e Chi ef Justi ce of Indi a to ma k e rul es for th e purpos e: Provid ed th at the rul es mad e und er this cl au se sh all , so f ar as they r el at e to s al ar i es , allowan c es , l e av e or pensions , r equir e th e approv al of th e Pr esid ent . (3) Th e ad min istr a tiv e exp en s es of th e Supr e me C ourt , in cluding all s al ar i es, allo wan c es and p ensions p a yable to or in r esp ect of th e offi cers and s erv ants of th e Court , sh all b e ch arg ed upon th e Consolid at ed Fund of Ind i a, and an y f e es or oth er mon e ys t ak en b y th e Cou rt sh al l fo r m p art of th at Fund . 147 . Int e rp retation . —In this Ch apt er and in Ch apt er V of P a rt V I, r ef er en c e s to an y subst ant ial qu est ion of l aw as to th e int erpr et a tion of this Constitu tion sh al l b e const rued as in cluding r ef er en c es to any subst ant i al quest ion of l a w as to th e int e rpr et ation of th e Gov ernme n t of Indi a Ac t , 1935 (in cluding an y en act ment amen ding or suppl ementing th at Act) , or o f an y Ord er in Coun cil or ord er ma de th er eund er , or of th e Indi an Indep end en ce Act, 1947 , o r of an y ord er ma d e th er eund er .
C HA P TE R V.—C OM P TR O L LE R A N D A U DI T OR -G E N ER A L OF I N D I A 148 . Co mp t roller and Aud ito r- Gen e ral of India .— ( 1 ) Th er e s h all b e a Co mptroll er and Auditor- Gen er al of Indi a who sh all b e appoint ed b y th e Pr esid en t b y warr ant und er his h and and s e al and sh all onl y b e r e mov ed f ro m offi ce in l ik e ma nn er and on the lik e grounds as a Judg e o f th e Supr eme Cou rt . (2) Ev er y p erson appoint ed to be th e Co mpt roller and Aud itor-Gen er al of Indi a sh al l, b efor e h e ent ers upon his offi ce, ma k e and subs crib e b efor e th e Pr esid ent ,
or so me p e rson appoint ed in th at b eh alf b y hi m, an o a th o r af firmat ion according to th e for m s et out for th e purpos e in th e Third S ch edul e. (3) Th e s al ar y and oth er conditions of s ervi ce of th e Co mp troller and Aud itorG e n er al sh all b e su ch as ma y b e d et er min ed b y Pa rl i a ment b y l aw and , unti l th ey ar e so d et er mined , sh all b e as sp ecif i ed in th e S e cond S ch edule: Provid ed th at n eith er th e s a l ar y of a Co mpt roll er and Aud itor- Ge n er al nor his righ ts in r esp ect of l e av e of ab sen ce, p en sion or ag e o f r e tir ement sh al l b e v ari ed to his dis adv an tag e aft er his appoint me nt . (4) Th e Co mpt roll e r and Auditor- Gen er al sh al l not b e eligib l e for furth er offi ce ei th er und er th e Gov ernme n t of Indi a or und er th e Gov ern me nt of an y St at e af ter h e h as ceas ed to hold his offi ce. (5) Subj ect to the provision s of this Const itution and o f an y l a w ma d e b y P arl i a ment , th e condit ions of s ervi ce of p ersons s erving in th e Indi an Audit and Accounts Dep art me nt and th e ad minis tr ativ e powers of th e Co mptro ll er and A uditor- G en er a l sh all b e su ch as ma y b e pr es cr ib ed b y rul es mad e b y th e Pr esid en t aft er consul t ation with th e Co mp troller and Aud itor-Gen er al . (6) Th e ad min istr a tiv e exp en s es of th e offi ce of th e Co mp troll er and Aud itorGen er al , in cluding all s al ar i es, allo wan c es and p ensions p a yable to or in r esp ect of p ersons s erving in th at offi ce, sh all b e ch arged upon th e Consol id at ed Fund of India. 149. Duties and powers of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.—The Comptroller and Auditor-General shall perform such duties and exercise such powers in relation to the accounts of the Union and of the States and of any other authority or body as may be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament and, until provision in that behalf is so made, shall perform such duties and exercise such powers in relation to the accounts of the Union and of the States as were conferred on or exercisable by the Auditor-General of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution in relation to the accounts of the Dominion of India and of the Provinces respectively. 150 . Fo rm o f a ccounts of th e Union and of th e Stat es .— Th e ac c o u n t s o f t h e Union and o f the St at es sh al l b e k ept in su ch for m as th e P r esident may, on th e advi ce of th e Comp trol l er and Audito r-Gen er al of Indi a, pr es crib e. 151 . Aud it reports .—(1) Th e r eports of th e Comp trol l er and Audito r-Gen er al of Indi a r el at ing to th e accounts of th e Un ion shall b e sub mitt ed to th e Pr esid ent, who sh all caus e th em to b e l aid b efor e each Hous e of P arli a me nt. (2) Th e r eports of th e Co mp troll er and Auditor-Gen er al of Indi a r el at ing to th e accounts of a Stat e sh al l b e submi tt ed to th e Gov ernor of th e Stat e, who sh all caus e th em to be l aid b efor e th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e.
PART VI THE STATES C HA P TE R I.—G EN ER A L 152 . Def inition .— In this P art , unl ess th e cont ext oth er wis e r equir es , th e expr ess ion “S t ate” do es not in clud e th e St at e of J a mmu and Kash mir . C H A P T E R I I. — T H E E X E C U T I V E Th e Governor 153 . Gov e rno rs of Stat es .— Ther e sh all b e a Gov ernor for each St at e: Provid ed th at nothing in th is arti cl e sh all pr ev ent th e appoint me nt of th e s a me p er s o n as Gov er n o r f o r t wo o r mo r e S t at es . 154 . Ex ecut iv e pow e r o f Sta t e.—(1) Th e ex ecutiv e po wer of the St at e sh all b e v est ed in th e Gov ernor and sh all b e ex er cis ed b y hi m eith er dir ectl y or through offi cers subordin at e to hi m in accord an ce with thi s Cons titution . (2) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all— (a) b e d eemed to tr ansf er to th e Governor an y fun ction s conf erred b y an y exis ting l a w on an y oth er authorit y; o r (b) pr ev ent P arli a me nt or th e Legis l atur e of th e St at e fro m conferring b y l a w fun ctions on an y au thorit y subordin a t e to th e Gov e rnor. 155 . Appo int ment of Gov e rno r .— Th e Gov er n o r o f a S t at e s h al l b e ap p o i n t ed b y th e Pr esid ent b y warr an t under his h and and s e al . 1 5 6 . T e r m o f o f f i c e o f Gov e rno r . —(1) Th e Governor sh al l ho ld offi ce during th e pl easur e of th e Pr esid ent . (2) Th e Gov ernor may, b y writing und er his h and addr ess ed to th e Pr esid en t, r esign hi s of fi ce. (3) Subj ect to the for egoing provis ions o f this art i cl e , a Gov ernor sh all hold offi ce for a t erm o f f iv e year s fro m th e d at e on whi ch h e ent er s upon h is offi ce: Provid ed th at a Gov ernor sh all , not with st anding th e expir ation of his t er m, continu e to hold offi ce unti l h is su ccessor ent e rs upon h is offi ce. 157 . Qual ifi cations fo r appointmen t a s Gov e rno r .—No p erson sh al l b e elig ibl e for appoint me nt as Governor unl ess h e is a cit izen of Indi a and h as co mpl et ed th e ag e of thirt y-fiv e years . 158 . Cond itions of Gov e rno r 's offi ce.— (1) The Governor sh all not b e a me mb er of ei th er Hous e of P ar liame n t or of a Hous e of th e Legisl atur e o f an y St at e sp eci fi ed in th e First S ch edul e, and if a me mb er of eith er Hous e of P arl i a ment or of a Hous e of th e Legisl atur e o f an y su ch St at e b e appoint ed Gov ernor , h e shall b e d eemed to h av e v acat ed h is s e at in th at Hous e on th e d at e on whi ch h e enters upon his offi ce as Gov ernor . (2) Th e Gov ernor sh all not hold an y o th er office of profit . (3) Th e Go v ernor sh all b e en ti tl ed without p a ymen t of r ent to th e us e of h is offi c i al r esid en ce s and sh all b e a lso ent itl ed to su ch e molu men ts , allo w an c es and priv il eg es as may b e d e t er min ed b y Parli a me nt by l a w and , unti l provis ion in th at b eh alf is so made, su ch emolu ments , allo wan c es and p rivil eg es as ar e sp ecifi ed in th e S e cond S ch edul e. (3 A) Wh er e th e s a me p erson is appoint ed as Governor of t wo or mo r e St at es , th e emolu ments and allo wan c es p a yabl e to th e Gov ernor sh al l b e allo cat ed among th e St at es in su ch proportion as th e Pr esid en t ma y b y o rd er d e t er min e. (4) Th e emolu ments and allo wan c es of th e Governor sh al l no t b e di minish ed during his t e r m of offi ce.
159 . Oath o r affi r ma tion by the Gov e rno r . —Ev er y Gov er n o r and ev er y p erson dis ch arg ing th e fun ctions of th e Gov ernor sh all , b efor e ent er ing upon his offi ce, ma k e and subs crib e in th e pr es en ce of th e Chi ef Justi c e of th e High Court ex er cis ing jurisdi ct ion in r e l ation to th e St at e, or , in his abs ence, th e s enior most Judg e of th at Court av ai lab l e, an o ath or affir mation in th e fol lowing for m, th at is to s a y— “ I , A . B. , d o s w e a r i n t h e n a m e o f G o d t h at I wi l l solemnly affirm
f ai thfull y ex ecut e th e offi ce of Gov ernor (or dis ch arg e th e fun ction s of th e G o v er n o r ) o f . . .. . . . .. . . ..(n ame of th e Stat e) a n d w i l l t o t h e b es t o f my abil it y pr es erv e , prot ect and d efend th e Constitution and th e l a w and th at I will d evot e mys elf to th e s erv ice and wel l-b eing of th e p eopl e of ..………(n a me of th e Stat e) . ” 160 . Di s cha rg e of th e fun ctions of th e Gov e rno r in certain conting en c i es.— Th e Pr esid ent ma y ma k e su ch provis ion as h e thinks fi t for th e dis ch arg e of th e fun ct ions o f th e Governor o f a St at e in an y conting en c y not provid ed for in thi s C h apt er . 1 6 1 . Pow e r o f G o v e rno r t o g ra n t p a rdo n s , etc . , a n d t o s u s p end , re mi t o r co mmu t e s ent en ces in certain cas es .— Th e Gov ernor of a St ate sh all h av e th e po wer to gr ant pardons , r epri ev es , r espit es or r emi ssion s of punish me nt or to susp end , r e mit or co mmu te th e sent en ce of an y person convi ct ed of an y off en ce ag ains t an y l a w r el a ting to a matt er to whi ch the ex ecutiv e po wer of th e St at e e x t en d s . 162 . Ext en t of ex ecutiv e pow er of Stat e.—Subj ect to th e provis ions o f this Consti tution , the ex ecutiv e po wer of a S t at e sh all ext end to th e mat t ers with r esp ect to whi ch th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e h as po wer to mak e laws: Provid ed th at in an y mat t er wi th r esp ect to which th e Legisl atur e of a S t at e and P arli a me nt h av e power to ma k e l aws, th e ex ecutiv e po wer of th e St at e sh all b e subj ect to , and li mit ed b y, th e ex ecutiv e power expr essl y conf err ed b y this Consti tution or b y an y l aw ma de b y P a rli a me nt upon th e Un ion or authori ti es th er eof . Coun cil of Minist er s 163 . Coun cil of Minist ers to aid and advis e Gov e rno r .—(1) Th er e sh all b e a Coun cil of Minist er s wi th th e Chi ef Minis t er at th e h e ad to aid and advis e th e Gov ernor in th e ex er cis e of his fun ction s, ex cept in so f ar as h e is b y or under thi s Cons titution r equir ed to exer cis e hi s fun c tions or an y o f them i n h is dis cr e tion . (2) If an y qu estion aris es wh ether an y matt er is or is not a matt er as r esp ects whi ch th e Gov e rnor is b y or under this Const itution r equir ed to act in his dis cr e tion , th e decis ion of th e Gov ernor in his dis cr e tion sh all be fin al , and th e v alid it y of an ything don e b y the Gov e rnor sh all not b e call ed in qu estion on the ground th at h e ought or ought not to h av e act ed in his dis cr e tion . (3) Th e qu estion wheth er an y, and if so wh at, advi ce was t ender ed b y Min ist ers to th e Gov ernor sh al l no t b e inquir ed in to in any court . 164 . Oth er p rovis ions a s to Minis ters.—(1) The C hi ef M inist er sh all b e appoint ed b y the Gov e rnor and th e oth er Ministers sh al l b e appoint ed b y th e Gov ernor on th e advi ce of th e Chi ef Minis t er, and th e Minist ers sh all hold off ice during th e pl easur e of th e Gov e rnor: Provid ed th a t in th e St at es of Bih ar , M adh ya Pr ad esh and Or iss a , th er e sh all b e a Minist er in charg e of trib al we lf ar e who ma y in addit ion b e in ch arg e of th e w e l f ar e o f t h e S c h ed u l ed C as t es a n d b a ck w ar d cl ass e s o r an y o t h er wor k . (1 A) Th e tot al nu mb er of Min isters , in cluding the Chi ef Min ist er , in th e Coun cil of Minist er s in a Stat e sh al l not ex ceed fift een p er ce nt . o f th e to t al nu mb er of me mb ers of th e Legisl ativ e As s e mb ly of th at St at e:
Provid ed th at th e nu mb er of Mini st ers , in cluding th e Chi ef Minis t er in a St ate sh al l no t b e l es s th an t w elv e: Provid ed furth er th at wh er e th e tot al nu mb er of Minist ers in cluding th e Chi ef Minist er in the Coun cil of Minist er s in an y St ate at th e co mme ncemen t of th e Consti tution ( Nin et y-f irst Amend ment) Act , 2003 ex ceeds th e s aid fif t een p er cent . o r the numb e r sp ecifi ed in th e firs t prov iso , as th e cas e may b e , th en the tot a l nu mb er of Minist ers in th at St at e sh al l b e brought in confor mit y with th e provis ions of this cl aus e with in six months fro m su ch d at e* as th e Pr esid ent ma y b y publi c notif ication appoin t. (1 B) A memb er of th e Leg isl ativ e Ass e mb l y o f a St at e or eith er Hous e of th e Legisl atur e o f a St at e h aving Legis l ativ e Coun cil b elonging to an y polit i c al p arty who is disqu ali fi ed for b eing a me mb er of th at Hous e und er p a ragr ap h 2 of th e Tenth S ch edul e sh al l also b e di squ ali fi ed to b e appoint ed as a Mini st er und er cl au s e (1) for dur at ion of th e period co mme n c ing fro m th e d a t e of his disqu a lifi c at ion ti ll th e d at e on whi ch th e t er m of his offi ce as su ch me mb er would expir e or wh er e h e con tests an y el ection to th e Legisl at ive Ass e mb l y of a St at e or eith er Hous e of th e Legis l atur e of a Stat e h aving Legisl ativ e Coun cil , as th e cas e may b e, b e for e th e expir y of su ch p eriod , till th e d at e on whi ch h e i s d e cl ar ed el e ct ed, whi ch ev e r is ea rl i er. (2) Th e Coun cil of Min ist ers shall b e coll ectiv el y r espons ibl e to th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y of th e St at e. (3) Befor e a Minis t er en t ers upon his offi ce, the Gov e rnor sh all ad minist er to hi m th e o aths of offi ce and of s ecr ecy according to th e for ms s et out for th e purpos e in th e Third S ch edul e. (4) A Min ist er who for an y p eriod of six cons ec utiv e months is not a me mb er of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e sh all at th e expiration of th at p eriod ceas e to b e a Minister. (5) Th e s al ari es a nd allo w an c es of Minist er s sh all b e su ch as th e L e gisl atur e of th e St at e may fro m ti me to ti me b y l aw d et e r min e and, unt il th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e so d eter min es , sh all be as sp ecifi ed in th e S e cond S chedul e. Th e Ad vo ca t e- Gen eral for th e Stat e 165 . Advo cat e-Gen eral fo r th e Stat e.—(1) Th e Governor o f each St at e sh all appoint a p erson who i s qu alified to b e appo inted a Judg e of a High Court to be Advo cat e- G en eral for th e St at e. (2) It sh al l b e the dut y of th e Advo cat e- G en er al to giv e advi ce to th e Gov ern me nt of th e St at e upon such l eg al ma tt ers, and to p erfo r m su ch oth er duti e s of a l eg al ch ar act er , as ma y fro m ti me to ti me b e r ef err ed or assign ed to hi m b y th e Governor , and to d is ch arg e th e fun ction s conf err ed on hi m b y or und er this Constitu tion or an y oth er l a w for th e ti me b eing in force. (3) Th e Advo cate- Gen er al sh all hold offi ce during th e pl easur e of th e G ov ernor , and sh all r e c eiv e su ch r e mun er ation a s th e Gov ernor ma y d et e r min e . Condu ct of Go ve rn ment Busin ess 166 . Condu ct of busin es s of the Gov e rn me n t of a Stat e.—(1) All ex ecutiv e a c tion of th e Gov ern me nt of a St at e sh a ll b e expressed to be taken in the name of the Governor. (2) Orders and other instruments made and executed in the name of the Governor shall be authenticated in such manner as may be specified in rules to be made by the Governor, and the validity of an order or instrument which is so authenticated shall not be called in question on the ground that it is not an order or instrument made or executed by the Governor. (3) The Governor shall make rules for the more convenient transaction of the business of the Government of the State, and for the allocation among Ministers of the said business in so far as it is not business with respect to which the Governor is by or under this Constitution required to act in his discretion.
* * * * * 167. Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.—It shall be the duty of the Chief Minister of each State— (a) to communicate to the Governor of the State all decisions of the Council of Ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the State and proposals for legislation; (b) to furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs of the State and proposals for legislation as the Governor may call for; and (c) if the Governor so requires, to submit for the consideration of the Council of Ministers any matter on which a decision has been taken by a Minister but which has not been considered by the Council. CHAPTER III.—THE STATE LEGISLATURE General 168. Constitution of Legislatures in States.—(1) For every State there shall be a Legislature which shall consist of the Governor, and— (a) in the States of Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh, two Houses; (b) in other States, one House. (2) Where there are two Houses of the Legislature of a State, one shall be known as the Legislative Council and the other as the Legislative Assembly, and where there is only one House, it shall be known as the Legislative Assembly. 169. Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of such a Council in a State having no such Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of th e to t al memb er ship of th e Ass e mb l y and b y a majori t y of not l ess th an t wo-th irds of the me mb e r s o f the A ss e mbl y pr es ent and voting . (2) An y l aw r eferr ed to in cl ause (1) sh all cont ain su ch provis ions for th e amen d men t of this Const itution as may b e n ecess ar y to giv e effect to th e provis ions of the l a w and ma y also cont ain su ch suppl ement al , in cid ent al and cons equ ent ial p rovis ions as P ar li a me nt ma y d e em n e cess ar y. (3) No su ch l aw as afor es aid shall b e d eemed to b e an amend ment of this Consti tution for th e purpos es of arti cle 368 . 170 . Co mp osit ion of th e Leg islativ e Ass e mb li es .— (1) Sub j ect to th e provis ions of arti cl e 333 , th e Le gis l ativ e Ass emb l y of each Stat e sh al l cons ist of not mor e th an fiv e hundr ed , and not l ess th an sixt y, me mb ers chos en b y dir e ct el ect ion f ro m t erri tori al const itu en ci es in th e St at e. (2) For th e purpos es of cl aus e (1) , each S t at e sh all b e divid ed into t err itori al const itu en ci es in su ch mann er th at th e r atio b etween th e popu l ation of each const itu en cy and th e nu mb er of s e ats allo tt ed to it sh al l, so f ar as pr acti cabl e, b e th e s a me throughout th e St at e. Explanation . —In this cl aus e , the expr ession “popul at ion ” means th e popul at ion as ascert a ined at th e l as t pr eced ing ce nsus of whi ch th e r el ev ant figur e s h av e b e en publish ed : Provid ed th at th e r ef er en ce in this Explanat ion to th e l ast pr eceding census of whi ch th e r el evant figur es h av e b e en pub lish ed sh al l, unt il th e rel ev ant figu r es for th e fir st census t ak en aft er th e year 2026 h av e b e en pub lished , b e cons tru ed as a r ef er en ce to th e 2001 cen sus . (3) Upon th e comp l etion of each census , th e total nu mb er of s eats in th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y of ea ch St at e and th e division of each St at e into t er ritori al c onst itu en ci es sh all b e r e adjus te d b y su ch au thori t y and in su ch mann e r as P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w d e t er mine :
Provid ed th at su ch r e adjust ment sh al l no t aff e ct r epr es en t ation in th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y until th e dis solution of th e th en existing Ass e mbl y: Provid ed furth er th at su ch r e adjust me nt sh al l t ak e eff e ct fro m su ch d at e as th e Pr esid en t ma y, b y ord er , sp ecify and un til su ch r e adjust me nt t ak es eff e ct , an y el ect ion to th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y may b e held on th e b asis of th e t err itori al c onst itu en ci es exis ting b efor e su ch r e adjust me nt: Provided also that until the relevant figures for the first census taken after the year 2026 have been published, it shall not be necessary to readjust— (i) the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of each State as readjusted on the basis of the 1971 census; and (ii) the division of such State into territorial constituencies as may be readjusted on the basis of the 2001 census, under this clause. 171. Composition of the Legislative Councils.—(1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council shall not exceed one third of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly of that State: Provid ed th at th e tot al nu mb er of me mb er s in th e Legisl at iv e Coun cil of a St at e sh all in no cas e b e l ess th an fort y. (2) Until P ar li amen t b y l aw other wis e provid es , th e co mpo sition of th e Legisl ativ e Coun cil of a St at e sh all b e as provid ed in cl aus e (3) . (3) Of th e tot al nu mb er of me mb ers of th e Legisl ativ e Coun cil of a St at e— (a) as n e arl y as ma y b e , on e-thi rd sh all b e el e ct ed b y e l e ctor at es consis ting of me mb ers of mun icip al iti es , distr ict bo ards and such oth er lo cal author iti es in the St at e as P arli amen t may b y l aw sp ecif y; (b) as n e arl y as ma y b e , on e-t w elf th sh a ll b e e l ec t ed b y el e ctor at es consis ting of p ersons r es iding in th e St at e who h av e b e en for at l e ast thr ee years gr adu at es of an y univ ersi ty in th e t erri tory of Indi a or h av e b e en for at l e as t thr e e year s in poss ession of qu alif i c ations pr es cr ib ed b y or und er an y l a w mad e b y P arl i a ment as equiv al ent to th at of a g r adu at e of an y su ch univ ers it y; ( c) as n e arl y as ma y b e , on e-t w elf th sh a ll b e e l ec t ed b y el e ctor at es c onsis ting of p ersons who h av e b e en for at l e ast thr e e ye ars enga g ed in t eaching in su ch edu c ation al insti tutions within th e St at e, not lower in st and ard th an that of a s e cond ary s chool , as ma y b e p r es crib ed b y or und er an y l a w mad e b y P arl i a ment ; (d) as n e arl y as ma y b e , on e-thi rd sh all b e el e ct ed b y th e me mb e rs of th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y of th e St at e fro m among st p ersons who are not me mb ers of th e Ass e mbl y; ( e) th e r e ma ind er sh all b e no minat ed b y th e Governor in accord an ce with th e provis ions of cl aus e (5) . (4) Th e me mb ers to b e el e ct ed und er sub- cl aus es (a) , (b) and ( c) of cl aus e (3) sh al l b e chos en in su ch t err itoria l const itu en ci es as ma y b e pr esc rib ed b y or und er an y l a w ma d e b y P ar li ame n t , and th e ele c tion s und er the s aid sub- cl ause s and und er sub- cl aus e (d) of th e s aid cl aus e sh all b e h eld in accord an ce with the s ys tem of proport ion al r epr es ent at ion b y means of th e singl e tr ansf er ab l e vo te. (5) Th e me mb ers to b e no min at ed b y th e Gov ernor und er sub- cl aus e ( e) of cl aus e (3) sh al l consis t o f p er sons h aving sp ecial kno wl edg e or pr acti cal exp eri en ce in r esp ect of su ch ma tt ers as the fo llo wing , n a me l y:— L it er a tur e, s c i en c e , a rt , co-op er at iv e mov e me nt and so ci al s ervi c e . 172. Duration of State Legislatures.—(1) Every Legislative Assembly of every State, unless sooner dissolved, shall continue for five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no
longer and the expiration of the said period of five years shall operate as a dissolution of the Assembly: Provid ed th at th e s aid p eriod may, whil e a Pro cl a mation of Emer g en c y is in op er at ion, b e ext end ed b y P arli ame n t b y l aw for a p e riod not exceeding on e year at a ti me and not ext ending in an y cas e b e yond a p eriod of six mo nths aft er th e Pro cl a ma tion h as c e as ed to op era t e . (2) Th e Leg isl ativ e Coun cil of a St at e sh all not b e subj ect to dissolu tion , bu t a s n e arl y as possib l e on e- third of th e me mb ers th er eof sh a ll r etir e as soon as ma y b e on th e exp ir ation of ev er y s econd year in accord an ce with the provision s ma d e in th at b eh alf by P arli a ment b y l a w. 173 . Qual ifi cation fo r me mb ership of th e Stat e Legislatu r e.—A person sh all not b e qu alifi ed to b e cho s en to fil l a s e at in the Legisl atur e of a S t at e unl ess h e— (a) is a citi zen of Indi a, and ma k es and subs crib es b efor e so me p erson author is ed in that b eh alf b y th e El ection Co mmi ss ion an o ath or affir mation according to th e for m s et out for th e purpos e in th e Third S ch edul e; (b) is , in th e case of a s eat in the Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y, not l ess th an t w ent y-f iv e ye ars of ag e and , in th e c as e of a sea t in th e L egisl ativ e Coun cil , not l ess th an th irt y ye ars of ag e; and ( c) poss es ses such oth er qu alif ication s as may b e pr es crib ed in th at b eh alf b y o r u n d er an y l a w mad e b y P ar l i a men t . 174 . Sessions of th e Stat e Leg islatu r e, p ro rogation and disso lution .—(1) Th e Gov erno r sh all fro m ti me to ti me su mmon th e Hous e or each Hou s e of th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e to meet at su ch ti me and pl ace as he th inks fit , but six mo nths sh all not int e rv ene b et ween its l as t sitting in on e s ession and th e d a t e appoint ed for i ts fir st sitt ing in th e n ext s ess ion. (2) Th e Gov ernor may f ro m ti me to ti me— (a) prorogu e th e Hous e or ei th er Hous e; (b) dis solv e th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y. 175 . Righ t of Gov e rno r to address and s end mes sag es to th e Hou s e o r H o u s es .—(1) Th e Gov e rnor ma y addr ess th e Legis l ativ e Ass e mbl y or , in th e cas e of a St at e h aving a Leg isl ativ e Coun cil , eith er Hous e of th e Legis l atur e of th e St at e, or both Hous es ass e mbl ed tog eth er , and ma y for th at purpos e r equir e th e att end an ce of me mb ers . (2) Th e Gov ernor ma y s end me ss ag es to th e Hous e or Hous es of th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e, wh eth er with r esp ect to a Bill th en p ending in th e Legisl atur e o r oth er wis e, and a Hous e to wh i ch an y me ss ag e is so s ent sh al l wi th a ll conv eni en t de sp at ch consid er an y ma tt er r equir ed b y th e mess ag e to b e t ak en into cons id er ation . 176 . Special add r ess by th e Gov e rno r .—(1) At th e co mme n c eme n t of th e first s ess ion af t er each g en er al el ection to th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y and at th e co mme n cement of th e firs t s ession of each year , th e Gov e rnor sh all addr es s the Legisl ativ e As semb l y or , in th e cas e of a St at e h aving a Leg islativ e Coun cil , both Hous es ass e mbled tog eth er and infor m th e Legisl atur e o f the caus es of its su mmo ns. (2) Provis ion shall b e ma d e b y th e rul es r egul at ing th e pro c edure of th e Hous e or eith er Hous e for th e allo t ment of ti me for discussion of th e matt ers r ef err ed to in su ch addr ess . 177 . Righ ts of Minist ers and Advo cat e- G en er al as resp ects th e Hous es .— Ev er y Minist er and th e Advo cate- Gen er al for a St at e sh all h av e th e right to sp ea k in , and o th er wise to t ak e p art in th e pro ceedings of , th e Legi sl ativ e Ass e mbl y of th e St at e or , in th e cas e of a St at e h aving a Leg isl ativ e Coun cil , both Hou s es, and to sp eak in , and oth er wis e to t ak e p art in th e pro ceedings of , any co mmi tt ee of
th e Legisl atur e of whi ch h e ma y b e n a me d a me mb er , bu t sh all not , b y vi rtu e of thi s ar ti cl e, b e enti tl ed to vot e. Offi cers o f th e Stat e L egi slatur e 178 . Th e Sp ea ker and Deputy Sp ea ker of th e Legisla tiv e As se mb ly .— Ev er y Legisl ativ e As semb l y of a S tat e sh all , as soon as ma y b e , choose t wo me mb ers of th e Ass e mbl y to b e r esp ectiv el y Sp eak er and Deput y Sp eak er ther eof and , so oft en as th e offic e of Sp e ak er o r D epu t y Sp e ak e r b e co me s v a c ant, th e Ass e mbl y sh al l choos e anoth er me mb er to b e Sp eak e r or Deput y Sp eak er , as th e cas e ma y be. 179 . Va cat ion and resignation of , and remo val f ro m, th e off ices of Sp ea ker a n d D ep u t y S p ea ke r . — A me mber holding off ice as Sp eak er o r Deput y Sp eak er o f an A s s e mb l y— (a) sh al l v a cat e his off i ce if h e ceas es to b e a me mb er of th e Ass e mbl y; (b) may at an y ti me b y wr iting und er his h and addr ess ed , if su ch memb er is th e Sp eak er , to th e Depu t y Speak er , and if such memb er is th e Depu t y Sp e ak er , to th e Sp e ak er , r esign his off i c e; and ( c) ma y b e r e mov ed fro m h is offi c e b y a r esolution of th e As s e mbl y p ass ed b y a majo rit y of all th e th en memb ers of th e Ass e mbl y: Provid ed th at no r esolut ion for th e purpos e of cl aus e ( c) sh al l be mov ed unl ess a t l e as t four t e en d a ys' noti c e h as b e en giv en of th e int en tion to mo v e th e r esolu tion: Provid ed fur th er th at , wh en ev er th e Ass e mbl y is dissolv ed , th e Sp e ak er sh all not v a cat e his offi ce unt il i mme di at el y b efo r e th e firs t meeting of th e As s e mb ly aft er th e dis solution . 180 . Pow er of th e De puty Sp eaker o r o th e r p erson to p e rfo rm t h e dut i es o f th e offi ce of , o r to a ct a s, Sp eaker.— (1) Whil e th e offi ce of Speak er is v acant , th e duti e s of th e offi ce sh all b e p erfor med b y the Depu t y Sp eaker or , if th e office o f D ep u t y S p e ak er i s als o v a c an t , b y s u ch me m b er o f t h e A s s emb l y as t h e Gov ernor ma y appoint for th e purpos e. (2) During the absence of the Speaker from any sitting of the Assembly the Deputy Speaker or, if he is also absent, such person as may be determined by the rules of procedure of the Assembly, or, if no such person is present, such other person as may be determined by the Assembly, shall act as Speaker. 181 . Th e Sp ea ker o r th e Deputy Sp ea ker no t to p r esid e w hile a resolution fo r his remo val f ro m off i ce is und er consid eration . —(1) At an y sit ting of th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y, whi l e any r esolut ion for th e r e mov al of th e Sp eak er fro m his off i ce is under consid er at ion, th e Sp eak e r, or whil e an y r esolut ion for th e r e mov al of th e Deput y Sp eak er fro m his offi ce is und er consid eration , th e Deputy Sp eak er , sh all not , though h e is pr es ent , pr esid e, and th e prov isions of cl aus e (2) of arti cl e 180 shall appl y in r el ation to ev er y such sit ting as th ey appl y in r el a tion to a s itting fro m wh i ch th e Sp eak er or , as th e cas e may b e , th e Deput y S p e ak er , i s abs en t . (2) Th e Sp e ak er sh all h av e th e right to sp e ak in , a nd o th er wis e to t ak e p art in th e pro ceedings of , th e Leg isl ativ e Ass e mb l y whil e an y r esolu tion for his r e mov al fro m o ffi ce is und er consid er ation in th e Ass e mb l y and sh all , not with st anding an ything in articl e 189 , b e ent itl ed to vot e onl y in th e firs t ins t an ce on su ch r esolut ion o r on an y o th er matt er dur ing su ch pro ceedings but not in th e cas e of an equ alit y of vot es . 182 . Th e Chai rma n and Deputy Chai rman of th e Legislat iv e Coun cil .— Th e Legisl ativ e Coun cil of ev er y Stat e h aving su ch Coun cil sh al l, as soon as ma y be, choos e t wo me mb ers of th e Coun cil to b e r esp ec tiv el y Ch ai r man and Deput y Ch air man th er eof and , so of t en as th e offi ce of Ch air man or Deput y Ch air man
b e co me s v acan t, th e Coun cil sh all choos e anoth er me mb er to b e Ch air man or D e p u t y Ch air ma n , a s t h e c as e ma y b e. 183 . Va cat ion and resignation of , and remo val f ro m, th e off ices of C hai r ma n and D e puty Cha i r man .— A me mb er h o l d i n g o f f i c e as Ch air ma n o r Deput y Ch air man of a Legi sl ativ e Coun cil — (a) sh al l v a cat e his off i ce if h e ceas es to b e a me mb er of th e Coun cil ; (b) may at an y ti me b y wr iting und er his h and addr ess ed , if su ch memb er is th e Ch air man , to th e Depu t y Ch air man , and if su ch memb er is th e Deput y C h air ma n , t o t h e C h air ma n , r es ig n h i s o f f i c e ; and ( c) ma y b e r e mov ed fro m h is offi c e b y a r esolution of th e Coun cil p ass ed b y a majo rit y of all th e th en memb ers of th e Coun cil : Provid ed th at no r esolut ion for th e purpos e of cl aus e ( c) sh al l be mov ed unl ess a t l e as t four t e en d a ys' noti c e h as b e en giv en of th e int en tion to mo v e th e r esolu tion . 184 . Pow er of th e De puty Chair ma n o r oth er p e rson to p e rfor m th e dut i es o f t h e o f f i c e o f , o r t o a ct a s , Cha i r ma n .—(1) Wh il e th e offi ce of Ch air man i s v acant , th e duties of th e offi ce sh al l b e p erfor med b y th e Deputy Ch air man o r, if th e offi ce of Deput y Ch air man is also v acant , by su ch me mb er of th e Coun cil as th e Gov ernor ma y appoint for th e purpos e. (2) During th e abs en ce of th e Ch air man fro m any sit ting of th e Coun cil th e Deput y Ch air man or , if h e i s also abs ent , su ch person as ma y b e d et er min ed b y th e rul es of procedur e of th e Coun cil , or , if no su ch p erson is pr es ent , su ch oth er p erson as ma y be d et er min ed b y th e Coun cil , sha ll a ct as Ch airma n . 185. The Chairman or the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under consideration.—(1) At any sitting of the Legislative Council, while any resolution for the removal of the Chairman from his office is under consideration, the Chairman, or while any resolution for the removal of the Deputy Chairman from his office is under consideration, the Deputy Chairman, shall not, though he is present, preside, and the provisions of clause (2) of article 184 shall apply in relation to every such sitting as they apply in relation to a sitting from which the Chairman or, as the case may be, the Deputy Chairman is absent. (2) Th e Ch a ir man sh all h av e th e right to sp e ak in , and oth e rw is e to t ak e p art in th e pro ceedings of , th e Leg isl ativ e Coun cil while an y r esolution for his r e mov al fro m offi ce is und er consid er at ion in th e Coun cil and sh all , notwiths t anding an ything in art icl e 189 , b e ent itl ed to vot e onl y in th e firs t in stan ce on su ch r esolu tion or on an y o th er mat t er during su ch pro ceedings but not in th e cas e of a n equ al i t y o f v o t es . 186 . Sala ri es and allow ances of th e Sp ea ker and Deputy Sp ea ker and th e C hai r ma n and D e puty Cha i r man .— Th er e sh all b e p aid to th e Sp e ak er and th e Deput y Sp eak er of th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mb l y, and to th e Ch air man and th e Deput y C h air ma n of th e L e gisl at iv e Coun cil , su ch s al ari es and allo w anc e s as ma y b e r esp ect iv el y fixed b y th e Legi slatur e of th e St ate b y l aw and , unti l p rovision in th at b eh alf i s so mad e , su ch s al ari es and allo wances as ar e sp ecifi ed in th e S e co n d S ch ed u l e . 187 . Secreta riat of Stat e Legislatu re.—( 1 ) The Hou s e o r e a ch H o u s e o f t h e L e gisl a tur e o f a St at e sh all h ave a s ep ar at e s e cr et ar i al st aff: Provid ed th at nothing in th is claus e sh all , in the cas e of th e Legis l atur e of a St at e h aving a Le gis l ativ e Council , b e constru ed as pr ev enting th e cr eation of post s co mmo n to both Hou s es of su ch Legisl atur e. (2) Th e Leg isl atur e of a S t at e ma y b y l aw r egu lat e th e r e crui t ment , and th e condit ions of s ervi c e of p ersons appoint ed , to th e s e cr et ari a l staff of th e Hous e or Hous es of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e. (3) Until prov ision is mad e b y th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e und er cl aus e (2) , th e Gov ernor ma y, aft er consultation with th e Sp eak er of th e Legis l ativ e A ss e mbl y or th e C h air ma n o f the L e gisl at iv e Coun cil , as th e c ase ma y b e , mak e
rul es r egu l ating th e r e cruit ment, and th e condi tions of s ervi ce of p ersons appoint ed , to the s e cr et ari a l st aff of th e Ass e mbl y or th e Council , and an y ru l es so ma d e sh all hav e eff e ct subj ec t to th e provis ions of an y l aw ma d e und er th e s aid cl aus e . Condu ct of Busin ess 188 . Oath o r affi rma tion by me mb ers.— Ev er y me mb er of th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mbl y or th e Legisl at iv e Coun cil of a St at e sh al l, b efor e t aking his s e at , ma k e and subs crib e befor e th e Gov ernor , or so me p erson appoint ed in th at b eh alf b y hi m, an o ath or affi r mation according to th e form s e t out for the purpos e in th e T hird S ch edul e . 189 . Vot ing in Hous es , pow er of Hous es to a ct notw ithstanding va can ci es and quo ru m. — (1) S av e as oth er wis e provid ed in this Const itution , all qu estions at an y sitt ing o f a Hous e of th e Legisl atur e o f a St at e sh all b e det er min ed b y a ma j ori t y of vot es of th e me mb ers pr es ent and voting , oth er th an th e Sp eak er or C h air ma n , o r p erson a cting as su ch . T h e Sp e ak er o r C h air ma n , o r p erson a cting as su ch , sh all not vot e in th e firs t ins t an c e, but sha ll h av e and ex er cis e a c asting vot e in th e c as e of an equ alit y of v o t es . (2) A Hous e of th e Legisl atur e of a St at e sh all hav e power to act not with st anding an y v acan c y in th e me mb er ship th er eof , and an y pro c eedings in th e Legisl atur e of a St at e sh all b e v alid not withst and ing th at it is dis cov er ed subs equ ent l y that so me p erson who was not entit l ed so to do s at or vot ed or oth er wis e took p art in th e pro ceedings . (3) Until th e Legis l atur e of th e St at e b y l a w other wis e provid es , th e quoru m to const itut e a meeting of a Hous e of th e Legisl atur e of a S t at e sh all b e t en me mb er s o r on e-t en th of th e to tal nu mb er of me mb ers of th e Hous e, wh i ch ev er is g r e at er . (4) If at an y ti me during a meet ing of th e Leg islativ e Ass e mbl y or th e Legisl ativ e Coun cil of a St at e th er e is no quorum, i t sh all b e the dut y of th e Sp eak er or Ch air man , or p erson acting as su ch , eith er to adjou rn th e Hou s e or to susp end th e me eting unt il th er e is a quoru m. Disqual ifi cations of Memb ers 190 . Va cat ion of s eats .— ( 1 ) No p er s o n s h all b e a me mb e r o f b o t h Ho u s es o f th e Legisl atur e of a St at e and provis ion sh all be ma d e b y th e Le gis l atur e of th e St at e b y l a w for th e v a c ation b y a p e rson who is c hos en a me mb e r of both Hou se s of his s e at in one hous e or th e oth er . (2) No person sh all b e a me mb er of th e Legisl atur es of t wo or mo r e St at es sp ecif i ed in th e Fir st Sch edu l e and if a p erson is chos en a memb er of th e Legisl atur es of t wo or mor e su ch St at es , th en , at th e expir at ion of su ch p eriod as may b e sp eci fi ed in rul es mad e b y th e Pr esid ent, th at p erson's seat in th e Legisl atur es of all su ch St at es sh all b e co me v a ca nt , unl ess h e has pr evious l y r esign ed hi s s e at in th e Legisl atur es of all but on e of th e St at es . (3) If a me mb er of a Hous e of the Legisl atur e of a S t at e— (a) b e co me s subj ect to an y of th e disqu al ifi cations me ntion ed in cl aus e (1) or cl aus e (2) of arti cl e 191; or (b) r esigns his s e at b y writing und er his h and addr ess ed to th e sp eak er or th e Ch air man , as th e cas e ma y be, and hi s r e sign ation i s accepted b y th e S p e ak er o r t h e C h air ma n , a s t h e c a s e ma y b e , his s e at sh all ther eupon b e co me v acant: Provid ed th at in th e cas e of an y r esign ation r ef err ed to in sub- claus e ( b) , if fro m infor mation r e ceiv ed or oth er wis e and aft er ma king su ch inquir y as h e
think s f it , th e Sp eak er or th e Ch air man , as th e cas e may b e , is s at isfi ed th at such r esign ation is not volunt ar y or g enuin e , h e sh all not accept su ch r esign at ion. (4) If for a p eriod of sixt y d a ys a me mb er of a Hous e of th e Legis l atur e of a St at e i s wi thout p er miss ion of the Hou s e abs en t fro m all meetings th er eof , th e Hous e ma y d e clar e his s e at v a ca nt: Provid ed th at in co mpu ting th e s aid p eriod of sixt y d a ys no account sh al l b e t ak en of an y period during whi ch th e Hou s e is prorogu ed or is adjourn ed for mor e th an four cons ec utiv e d a ys . 191 . Di squalifications fo r me mb ers hip .— (1) A person sh all be disqu al ifi ed for b eing chos en as , and for b eing , a me mb e r o f th e L egisl at iv e A ss e mbl y or Legisl ativ e Coun cil of a St at e— (a) if h e holds an y offi ce of profi t und er th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of an y St at e sp ecifi ed in th e Firs t S ch edul e, oth er th an an offi ce d e cl ar ed b y th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e b y l a w not to disqu a lify its hold er ; (b) if h e is of unsound mind and st ands so d e clar ed b y a co mp et ent cour t; ( c) if h e is an undis ch arg ed in solv ent ; (d) if h e is not a citi zen of India, o r h as volun tari l y acqui r ed th e c it i z enship of a for eign St a t e, or is und er an y a ckno wl edg me nt of all eg ian c e or adh er en c e to a for eign St at e ; ( e) if h e is so disqu a lifi ed b y or und er an y l aw ma d e b y P ar li ame n t . Explanation .—For th e purpos es of this cl aus e , a p e rson sh all not b e d eemed to hold an offi ce of profi t und er the Gov e rn men t of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of any St at e sp eci fi ed in th e First S ch edul e b y r e ason onl y th at h e is a Minist er eith er for th e Union or for su ch St at e. (2) A p erson sha ll b e disqu al ifie d for b eing a me mb e r of th e L egis l ativ e Ass e mbl y or Legis l ativ e Coun cil of a St at e if h e is so disqu al ified und er th e Tenth S ch edul e. 192. Decis ion on qu estions as to disquali fi cation s of me mb ers .—(1 ) I f an y qu est ion ar is es as to wh eth er a me mb er of a Hous e of th e Legisl atu r e of a St at e h as b e co me sub je c t to an y of th e disqu al ifi c ations me ntion ed in cl aus e (1) of art i cl e 191 , th e qu est ion sh all be r ef err ed for the d e cision of the Gov e rnor and his d e cis ion sh all b e fin al . (2) Befor e giving an y d ecision on an y su ch qu est ion, th e Gov ernor sh all obt ain th e opin ion of th e El ection Co mmis sion and sh all act according to su ch opinion . 193. Penalty for sitt ing and voting b efo re ma ki ng oath o r affi rma tion und er a rti cl e 188 o r w hen not quali fi ed o r w hen disqual ifi ed .—If a p erson s its or vot es as a memb er of th e Legis l ativ e Ass e mbl y or th e Legislativ e Coun cil of a St at e b efor e h e h as co mpli ed with th e r equir e me nts of art i cl e 188 , o r wh en h e kno ws th at h e is not qu alifi ed or th at h e is disquali fi ed for memb ership th er eof, or th at h e is prohibi t ed fro m so doing b y th e provis ions o f an y law ma d e b y P arl i a ment or the Legisl atur e of th e St at e, h e shall b e li ab l e in resp ect of each d a y on whi ch h e so sits or vot es to a p en a lt y of fiv e hundr ed rup e es to b e r e cov er ed as a debt du e to th e St at e. Po wers , Pr i vil eg es and Immuni ti es of Sta te L egisla tur es and th eir M embe rs 1 9 4 . Pow e rs , p ri v i l eg es , et c . , o f t h e Hou s es o f L e g i s l a tu r es a n d o f t h e me mb ers and co mmi t t e es th ereof .—(1 ) Sub j ect to th e provis ions of this Consti tution and to th e rul es and st anding ord ers r egul at ing th e pro c edur e of th e Legisl atur e, th er e sh all b e fr eedo m o f sp eech in th e Legisl atur e of ev er y St at e. (2) No me mb er of th e Legisl atur e of a S t at e sh all b e li ab l e to an y pro ceedings in an y court in resp ect of an ything s aid or an y vot e giv en b y him i n th e
Legisl atur e o r an y co mmi tt ee ther eof , and no p erson sh al l b e so li ab l e in r e sp ect of th e publi c at ion b y o r und er th e authorit y of a Hou s e of su ch a Leg isl atur e of an y r eport , p ap er , vot es or pro ceedings . (3) In other respects, the powers, privileges and immunities of a House of the Legislature of a State, and of the members and the committees of a House of such Legislature, shall be such as may from time to time be defined by the Legislature by law, and, until so defined, shall be those of that House and of its members and committees immediately before the coming into force of section 26 of the Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978. (4) The provisions of clauses (1), (2) and (3) shall apply in relation to persons who by virtue of this Constitution have the right to speak in, and otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, a House of the Legislature of a State or any committee thereof as they apply in relation to members of that Legislature. 195. Salaries and allowances of members.—Members of the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council of a State shall be entitled to receive such salaries and allowances as may from time to time be determined, by the Legislature of the State by law and, until provision in that respect is so made, salaries and allowances at such rates and upon such conditions as were immediately before the commencement of this Constitution applicable in the case of members of the Legislative Assembly of the corresponding Province. Legislative Procedure 196. Provisions as to introduction and passing of Bills.—(1) Subject to the provisions of articles 198 and 207 with respect to Money Bills and other financial Bills, a Bill may originate in either House of the Legislature of a State which has a Legislative Council. (2) Subject to the provisions of articles 197 and 198, a Bill shall not be deemed to have been passed by the Houses of the Legislature of a State having a Legislative Council unless it has been agreed to by both Houses, either without amendment or with such amendments only as are agreed to by both Houses. (3) A Bill pending in the Legislature of a State shall not lapse by reason of the prorogation of the House or Houses thereof. (4) A Bill pending in the Legislative Council of a State which has not been passed by the Legislative Assembly shall not lapse on a dissolution of the Assembly. (5) A Bill which is pending in the Legislative Assembly of a State, or which having been passed by the Legislative Assembly is pending in the Legislative Council, shall lapse on a dissolution of the Assembly. 197. Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.—(1) If after a Bill has been passed by the Legislative Assembly of a State having a Legislative Council and transmitted to the Legislative Council— (a) the Bill is rejected by the Council; or (b) more than three months elapse from the date on which the Bill is laid before the Council without the Bill being passed by it; or (c) the Bill is passed by the Council with amendments to which the Legislative Assembly does not agree; th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mbl y may, subj ect to th e rul es r egul ating its pro c edur e, p ass th e Bil l ag ain in th e s a me or in an y subs equ ent s ess ion wi th or without su ch a me n d men ts, i f a n y, a s h av e b e en mad e , sugg este d or agr e ed to b y th e L egisl at iv e Coun cil and th en tr ans mit th e Bil l as so p ass ed to th e Legisl ativ e Coun cil . (2) If aft er a Bill h as b e en so pass ed for th e s econd ti me b y the Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y and trans mit t ed to th e Legisl at iv e Coun cil — (a ) th e Bill is r ej e ct ed b y the Coun cil; or (b) mor e th an on e mon th el apses fro m th e d at e on whi ch th e Bil l is l aid b efor e th e Council withou t th e Bil l b e ing p as sed b y it; or ( c) th e Bill is p ass ed b y th e Coun cil with amend ments to whi ch th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y do es not agr e e;
th e Bil l sh a ll b e d e e med to h av e b e en p a ss ed b y th e Hous es of the L e gisl atur e of th e St at e in th e for m in wh i ch it was p a ss ed b y th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y for the s e cond ti me with su ch amend ments , if an y, as hav e b e en ma d e or sugg est ed b y th e Legisl ativ e Coun cil and agreed to b y th e Legis l ativ e Ass e mbl y. (3) Nothing in thi s ar ti cl e sh all appl y to a Money Bill . 198. Sp ecia l p ro c edu re in respect of Mon ey Bil ls .—(1) A Mon e y Bill sh al l not b e introdu ced in a Legi sl ative Coun cil . (2) Aft er a Mon e y Bill h as b e en p ass ed b y th e L e gisl a tiv e As se mb l y of a S ta t e h aving a Leg islativ e Coun cil , it sh all b e tr ans mit t ed to th e Legisl ativ e Coun cil for it s r e co mme nd ation s, and the Legisl at iv e Coun cil sh all wi thin a p e riod of fourt e en d a ys fro m th e d a t e of its r eceip t of th e Bill r eturn th e Bil l to th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y with its reco mmend ations, and th e Legis lativ e Ass e mbl y ma y t h er eupon eith er accept or rej e ct al l or an y of th e r e co mme nd ation s of th e Legisl ativ e Coun cil . (3) If th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y accepts an y o f th e r e co mmend ation s of th e L e gisl a tiv e Coun cil , th e Mone y B il l sh a ll b e d e eme d to h av e b e en p ass ed b y bo th H ous es with th e a me nd me nts r ec o mme nd ed b y th e L egisl at iv e Coun cil and accept ed b y th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y. (4) If th e L egisl at iv e Ass e mbl y do es not a c cep t a n y o f th e r e comme n d a tions of th e L egisl at iv e Coun cil , th e M on e y Bi ll sh all b e d e e med to h av e b e en p a ss ed b y both Hou s es in th e for m in whi ch it w as p asse d b y th e L egi sla tiv e Ass e mbl y without an y of th e amend ments r e co mme nd ed by th e Legisl at ive Coun cil . (5) If a Mo n e y Bil l p as s ed b y th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mb l y and trans mit t ed to th e Legisl ativ e Coun cil for i ts r e commen d a tions is not r eturn ed to th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y within th e s aid p eriod of fourt e en d ays , it sh all b e deemed to h av e been p ass ed b y both Hous es at th e expir a tion of th e said p eriod in the for m in whi ch it w a s p ass ed b y th e L egisl at iv e A ss e mbl y. 199. Definition of “Money Bills”.—(1) For the purposes of this Chapter, a Bill shall be deemed to be a Money Bill if it contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the following matters, namely:— (a) the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax; (b) the regulation of the borrowing of money or the giving of any guarantee by the State, or the amendment of the law with respect to any financial obligations undertaken or to be undertaken by the State; (c) the custody of the Consolidated Fund or the Contingency Fund of the State, the payment of moneys into or the withdrawal of moneys from any such Fund; (d) the appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of the State; (e) the declaring of any expenditure to be expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State, or the increasing of the amount of any such expenditure; (f) the receipt of money on account of the Consolidated Fund of the State or the public account of the State or the custody or issue of such money; or (g) any matter incidental to any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f). (2) A Bill shall not be deemed to be a Money Bill by reason only that it provides for the imposition of fines or other pecuniary penalties, or for the demand or payment of fees for licences or fees for services rendered, or by reason that it provides for the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax by any local authority or body for local purposes. (3) If any question arises whether a Bill introduced in the Legislature of a State which has a Legislative Council is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of such State thereon shall be final. (4) There shall be endorsed on every Money Bill when it is transmitted to the Legislative Council under article 198, and when it is presented to the Governor for assent under article 200, the certificate of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly signed by him that it is a Money Bill.
200. Assent to Bills.—When a Bill has been passed by the Legislative Assembly of a State or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council, has been passed by both Houses of the Legislature of the State, it shall be presented to the Governor and the Governor shall declare either that he assents to the Bill or that he withholds assent therefrom or that he reserves the Bill for the consideration of the President: Provided that the Governor may, as soon as possible after the presentation to him of the Bill for assent, return the Bill if it is not a Money Bill together with a message requesting that the House or Houses will reconsider the Bill or any specified provisions thereof and, in particular, will consider the desirability of introducing any such amendments as he may recommend in his message and, w h en a Bil l is so r e turned , th e Hous e or Hous es sh all r econsid er th e Bill accordingl y, and if th e Bill is p ass ed ag ain by th e Hou s e or Hous es with or without amen d men t and pr es ent ed to th e Governor for ass ent , th e Gov ernor sh all not withhold ass en t th er ef ro m: Provid ed furth er th at th e Gov ernor sh all not assent to , but sh all r es erv e for th e consid er ation of th e Pr esid ent , an y Bill which in th e opinion of th e Gov ernor would , if it b e ca me l a w, so d erog at e fro m th e po wers of th e High Court as to end ang er th e posi tion wh i ch that Court is b y this Consti tution design ed to fi ll . 201 . Bills res e rv ed fo r consid er ation . —Wh en a Bill is r es erv ed b y a G ov ernor for the c onsid er at ion of th e Pr esid en t, th e P r esid ent sh all d e cl ar e ei the r th at h e ass ent s to th e Bill or th at h e withholds ass ent th er efro m: Provid ed th at, wh er e th e Bill is not a Mon e y Bill , th e Pr esid ent may d ir e ct th e Gov ernor to r eturn th e Bill to th e Hou s e or , as th e cas e may b e, th e Hous es of th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e tog eth er with su ch a mess ag e as is mention ed in th e fi rst proviso to ar ti cle 200 and , wh en a Bill is so r eturn ed , th e Hous e or Hous es sh all r e consid er it according l y wi thin a p e riod of six mon ths fro m th e d at e of r eceipt of su ch me ss ag e and, i f it is ag ain p ass ed b y th e Hous e or Houses with or without a me n d men t, i t sh all b e pr es ent ed ag ain to th e Pr esid en t for h is c onsid er a tion . Pro c edur e in Finan cial Matt er s 202 . Annua l f inan cial sta t ement .—(1 ) Th e Governor sh al l in r esp ect of ev er y fin an c i al year ca us e to b e l aid b efor e th e House or Hous es of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e a st at emen t of th e estimat ed r eceipts and exp enditur e of th e St at e for th at year , in this P art r ef err ed to as th e “ annual fin an ci al s t at emen t". (2) Th e esti ma t es of exp enditur e embod i ed in the annu al fin an cial st at ement sh al l sho w s ep ar at e l y— (a) th e su ms r equir ed to meet exp enditu r e d es crib ed b y this Const itution as exp enditur e ch arg ed upon th e Consolid at ed Fund of th e St at e; and (b ) t h e su ms r equir ed to meet oth er exp enditu r e propos ed to b e ma d e fro m th e Consolid at ed Fund of th e St at e; and sh all dis tinguish exp endi tur e on r ev enu e account fro m oth er exp enditur e . (3) Th e follo wing exp enditur e sh al l b e exp enditur e ch arg ed on th e Consolid at ed Fund of each S t at e— (a) th e e mo lu me nts and allo w an c es of th e Gove rnor and oth er e xp enditu re r el a ting to h is offi ce; (b) th e s al ari es and allo wan c es of th e Sp eak er and th e Depu t y Sp eak er of th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mbl y and, in th e cas e of a St at e h aving a Le gis l ativ e Coun cil , also of th e Ch air man and th e Depu t y Ch air man of th e Legisl ativ e C o u n cil ; ( c) d ebt ch arg es for whi ch th e St at e i s li abl e in cluding in t er est , sinking fund ch arg es and r ed e mption cha rg es , and o th er e xp enditur e r ela ting to th e r ais ing o f lo ans a nd th e s ervi c e a nd r ed e mption of d ebt; (d ) ex p enditur e in r esp ect of the s al ari es and allo wan c es of Judg es of an y High Court;
(e ) an y su ms r equir ed to s at isf y an y judg men t, d e cr ee or aw ard of an y court or arbit r al tribun al; (f ) an y oth er exp enditu r e d e cl ared b y this Constitu tion , o r b y the L e gisl a tur e o f th e St at e b y l a w, to b e so ch arg ed . 203 . Pro c edu r e in Legislatu re w ith resp ect to esti ma t es . —(1) So mu ch of th e est i mates as r e lat es to exp enditur e ch arg ed upon th e Consolid ated Fund o f a St at e sh al l no t b e submi tt ed to th e vot e of th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mbl y, but nothing in thi s cl aus e sh all b e con stru ed as pr ev enting th e dis cus sion in the Legisl atur e of an y of thos e esti ma t es . (2) So much of the said estimates as relates to other expenditure shall be submitted in the form of demands for grants to the Legislative Assembly, and the Legislative Assembly shall have power to assent, or to refuse to assent, to any demand, or to assent to any demand subject to a reduction of the amount specified therein. (3) No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of the Governor. 204. Appropriation Bills.—(1) As soon as may be after the grants under article 203 have been made by the Assembly, there shall be introduced a Bill to provide for the appropriation out of the Consolidated Fund of the State of all moneys required to meet— (a) the grants so made by the Assembly; and (b) the expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State but not exceeding in any case the amount shown in the statement previously laid before the House or Houses. (2) No amendment shall be proposed to any such Bill in the House or either House of the Legislature of the State which will have the effect of varying the amount or altering the destination of any grant so made or of varying the amount of any expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State, and the decision of the person presiding as to whether an amendment is inadmissible under this clause shall be final. (3) Subject to the provisions of articles 205 and 206, no money shall be withdrawn from the Consolidated Fund of the State except under appropriation made by law passed in accordance with the provisions of this article. 205. Supplementary, additional or excess grants.—(1) The Governor shall— (a) if the amount authorised by any law made in accordance with the provisions of article 204 to be expended for a particular service for the current financial year is found to be insufficient for the purposes of that year or when a need has arisen during the current financial year for supplementary or additional expenditure upon some new service not contemplated in the annual financial statement for that year, or (b) if any money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess of the amount granted for that service and for that year, cause to be laid before the House or the Houses of the Legislature of the State another statement showing the estimated amount of that expenditure or cause to be presented to the Legislative Assembly of the State a demand for such excess, as the case may be. (2) The provisions of articles 202, 203 and 204 shall have effect in relation to any such statement and expenditure or demand and also to any law to be made authorising the appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of the State to meet such expenditure or the grant in respect of such demand as they have effect in relation to the annual financial statement and the expenditure mentioned therein or to a demand for a grant and the law to be made for the authorisation of appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of the State to meet such expenditure or grant. 206. Votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Chapter, the Legislative Assembly of a State shall have power— (a) to make any grant in advance in respect of the estimated expenditure for a part of any financial year pending the completion of the procedure prescribed in article 203 for the voting of such grant and the passing of the law in accordance with the provisions of article 204 in relation to that expenditure;
(b) to make a grant for meeting an unexpected demand upon the resources of the State when on account of the magnitude or the indefinite character of the service the demand cannot be stated with the details ordinarily given in an annual financial statement; (c) to make an exceptional grant which forms no part of the current service of any financial year; and the Legislature of the State shall have power to authorise by law the withdrawal of moneys from the Consolidated Fund of the State for the purposes for which the said grants are made. (2) The provisions of articles 203 and 204 shall have effect in relation to the making of any grant under clause (1) and to any law to be made under that clause as they have effect in relation to the making of a grant with regard to any expenditure mentioned in the annual financial statement and the law to be made for the authorisation of appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of the State to meet such expenditure. 207. Special provisions as to financial Bills.—(1) A Bill or amendment making provision for any of the matters specified in sub-clauses (a) to (f) of clause (1) of article 199 shall not be introduced or moved except on the recommendation of the Governor, and a Bill making such provision shall not be introduced in a Legislative Council: Provided that no recommendation shall be required under this clause for the moving of an amendment making provision for the reduction or abolition of any tax. (2) A Bill or amendment shall not be deemed to make provision for any of the matters aforesaid by reason only that it provides for the imposition of fines or other pecuniary penalties, or for the demand or payment of fees for licences or fees for services rendered, or by reason that it provides for the imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax by any local authority or body for local purposes. (3) A Bill which, if enacted and brought into operation, would involve expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of a State shall not be passed by a House of the Legislature of the State unless the Governor has recommended to that House the consideration of the Bill. Procedure Generally 208. Rules of procedure.—(1) A House of the Legislature of a State may make rules for regulating, subject to the provisions of this Constitution, its procedure and the conduct of its business. (2) Until rules are made under clause (1), the rules of procedure and standing orders in force immediately before the commencement of this Constitution with respect to the Legislature for the corresponding Province shall have effect in relation to the Legislature of the State subject to such modifications and adaptations as may be made therein by the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly, or the Chairman of the Legislative Council, as the case may be. (3) In a State having a Legislative Council the Governor, after consultation with the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly and the Chairman of the Legislative Council, may make rules as to the procedure with respect to communications between the two Houses. 209. Regulation by law of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business. —The Legislature of a State may, for the purpose of the timely completion of financial business, regulate by law the procedure of, and the conduct of business in, the House or Houses of the Legislature of the State in relation to any financial matter or to any Bill for the appropriation of moneys out of the Consolidated Fund of the State, and, if and so far as any provision of any law so made is inconsistent with any rule made by the House or either House of the Legislature of the State under clause (1) of article 208 or with any rule or standing order having effect in relation to the Legislature of the State under clause (2) of that article, such provision shall prevail. 210. Language to be used in the Legislature.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in Part XVII, but subject to the provisions of article 348, business in the Legislature of a State shall be transacted in the official language or languages of the State or in Hindi or in English: Provided that the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or Chairman of the Legislative Council, or person acting as such, as the case may be, may permit any member who cannot adequately express himself in any of the languages aforesaid to address the House in his mother-tongue.
(2) Unless the Legislature of the State by law otherwise provides, this article shall, after the expiration of a period of fifteen years from the commencement of this Constitution, have effect as if the words “or in English” were omitted therefrom: Provided that in relation to the Legislatures of the States of Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura this clause shall have effect as if for the words "fifteen" years occurring therein, the words "twenty-five years" were substituted: Provided further that in relation to the Legislatures of the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Mizoram, this clause shall have effect as if for the words "fifteen years" occurring therein, the words "forty years" were substituted. 211. Restriction on discussion in the Legislature. —No discussion shall take place in the Legislature of a State with respect to the conduct of any Judge of the Supreme Court or of a High Court in the discharge of his duties. 212. Courts not to inquire into proceedings of the Legislature.—(1) The validity of any proceedings in the Legislature of a State shall not be called in question on the ground of any alleged irregularity of procedure. (2) No officer or member of the Legislature of a State in whom powers are vested by or under this Constitution for regulating procedure or the conduct of business, or for maintaining order, in the Legislature shall be subject to the jurisdiction of any court in respect of the exercise by him of those powers.
CHAPTER IV.—LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR 213. Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.—(1) If at any time, except when the Legislative Assembly of a State is in session, or where there is a Legislative Council in a State, except when both Houses of the Legislature are in session, the Governor is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action, he may promulgate such Ordinances as the circumstances appear to him to require: Provided that the Governor shall not, without instructions from the President, promulgate any such Ordinance if— (a) a Bill containing the same provisions would under this Constitution have required the previous sanction of the President for the introduction thereof into the Legislature; or (b) he would have deemed it necessary to reserve a Bill containing the same provisions for the consideration of the President; or (c) an Act of the Legislature of the State containing the same provisions would under this Constitution have been invalid unless, having been reserved for the consideration of the President, it had received the assent of the President. (2) An Ordinance promulgated under this article shall have the same force and effect as an Act of the Legislature of the State assented to by the Governor, but every such Ordinance— (a) shall be laid before the Legislative Assembly of the State, or where there is a Legislative Council in the State, before both the Houses, and shall cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of the Legislature, or if before the expiration of that period a resolution disapproving it is passed by the Legislative Assembly and agreed to by the Legislative Council, if any, upon the passing of the resolution or, as the case may be, on the resolution being agreed to by the Council; and (b) may be withdrawn at any time by the Governor. Explanation.—Where the Houses of the Legislature of a State having a Legislative Council are summoned to reassemble on different dates, the period of six weeks shall be reckoned from the later of those dates for the purposes of this clause. (3) If and so far as an Ordinance under this article makes any provision which would not be valid if enacted in an Act of the Legislature of the State assented to by the Governor, it shall be void: Provided that, for the purposes of the provisions of this Constitution relating to the effect of an Act of the Legislature of a State which is repugnant to an Act of Parliament or an existing law with respect to a matter enumerated in the Concurrent List, an Ordinance promulgated under this article in
pursuance of instructions from the President shall be deemed to be an Act of the Legislature of the State which has been reserved for the consideration of the President and assented to by him. * * * * * CHAPTER V.—THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES 214. High Courts for States.—There shall be a High Court for each State. * * * * * 215. High Courts to be courts of record.—Every High Court shall be a court of record and shall have all the powers of such a court including the power to punish for contempt of itself. 216. Constitution of High Courts.—Every High Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and such other Judges as the President may from time to time deem it necessary to appoint. * * * * * 217. Appointment and conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.—(1) Every Judge of a High Court shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State, and, in the case of appointment of a Judge other than the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of the High Court, and shall hold office, in the case of an additional or acting Judge, as provided in article 224, and in any other case, until he attains the age of sixty-two years: Provided that— (a) a Judge may, by writing under his hand addressed to the President, resign his office; (b) a Judge may be removed from his office by the President in the manner provided in clause (4) of article 124 for the removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court; (c) the office of a Judge shall be vacated by his being appointed by the President to be a Judge of the Supreme Court or by his being transferred by the President to any other High Court within the territory of India. (2) A person shall not be qualified for appointment as a Judge of a High Court unless he is a citizen of India and— (a) has for at least ten years held a judicial office in the territory of India; or (b) has for at least ten years been an advocate of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession. * * * * * Explanation.—For the purposes of this clause— (a) in computing the period during which a person has held judicial office in the territory of India, there shall be included any period, after he has held any judicial office, during which the person has been an advocate of a High Court or has held the office of a member of a tribunal or any post, under the Union or a State, requiring special knowledge of law; (aa) in computing the period during which a person has been an advocate of a High Court, there shall be included any period during which the person has held judicial office or the office of a member of a tribunal or any post, under the Union or a State, requiring special knowledge of law after he became an advocate; (b) in computing the period during which a person has held judicial office in the territory of India or been an advocate of a High Court, there shall be included any period before the commencement of this Constitution during which he has held judicial office in any area which was comprised before the fifteenth day of August, 1947, within India as defined by the Government of India Act, 1935, or has been an advocate of any High Court in any such area, as the case may be. (3) If any question arises as to the age of a Judge of a High Court, the question shall be decided by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the decision of the President shall be final. 218. Application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.— The provisions of clauses (4) and (5) of article 124 shall apply in relation to a High Court as they apply in
relation to the Supreme Court with the substitution of references to the High Court for references to the Supreme Court. 219. Oath or affirmation by Judges of High Courts.—Every person appointed to be a Judge of a High Court shall, before he enters upon his office, make and subscribe before the Governor of the State, or some person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for the purpose in the Third Schedule. 220. Restriction on practice after being a permanent Judge.—No person who, after the commencement of this Constitution, has held office as a permanent Judge of a High Court shall plead or act in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and the other High Courts. Explanation.—In this article, the expression “High Court” does not include a High Court for a State specified in Part B of the First Schedule as it existed before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956. 221. Salaries, etc., of Judges.—(1) There shall be paid to the Judges of each High Court such salaries as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until provision in that behalf is so made, such salaries as are specified in the Second Schedule. (2) Every Judge shall be entitled to such allowances and to such rights in respect of leave of absence and pension as may from time to time be determined by or under law made by Parliament and, until so determined, to such allowances and rights as are specified in the Second Schedule: Provided that neither the allowances of a Judge nor his rights in respect of leave of absence or pension shall be varied to his disadvantage after his appointment. 222. Transfer of a Judge from one High Court to another.—(1) The President may, after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, transfer a Judge from one High Court to any other High Court. (2) When a Judge has been or is so transferred, he shall, during the period he serves, after the commencement of the Constitution (Fifteenth Amendment) Act, 1963, as a Judge of the other High Court, be entitled to receive in addition to his salary such compensatory allowance as may be determined by Parliament by law and, until so determined, such compensatory allowance as the President may by order fix. 223. Appointment of acting Chief Justice.—When the office of Chief Justice of a High Court is vacant or when any such Chief Justice is, by reason of absence or otherwise, unable to perform the duties of his office, the duties of the office shall be performed by such one of the other Judges of the Court as the President may appoint for the purpose. 224. Appointment of additional and acting Judges.—(1) If by reason of any temporary increase in the business of a High Court or by reason of arrears of work therein, it appears to the President that the number of the Judges of that Court should be for the time being increased, the President may appoint duly qualified persons to be additional Judges of the Court for such period not exceeding two years as he may specify. (2) When any Judge of a High Court other than the Chief Justice is by reason of absence or for any other reason unable to perform the duties of his office or is appointed to act temporarily as Chief Justice, the President may appoint a duly qualified person to act as a Judge of that Court until the permanent Judge has resumed his duties. (3) No person appointed as an additional or acting Judge of a High Court shall hold office after attaining the age of sixty-two years. 224A. Appointment of retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.—Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter, the Chief Justice of a High Court for any State may at any time, with the previous consent of the President, request any person who has held the office of a Judge of that Court or of any other High Court to sit and act as a Judge of the High Court for that State, and every such person so requested shall, while so sitting and acting, be entitled to such allowances as the President may by order determine and have all the jurisdiction, powers and privileges of, but shall not otherwise be deemed to be, a Judge of that High Court: Provided that nothing in this article shall be deemed to require any such person as aforesaid to sit and act as a Judge of that High Court unless he consents so to do.
225. Jurisdiction of existing High Courts.—Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and to the provisions of any law of the appropriate Legislature made by virtue of powers conferred on that Legislature by this Constitution, the jurisdiction of, and the law administered in, any existing High Court, and the respective powers of the Judges thereof in relation to the administration of justice in the Court, including any power to make rules of Court and to regulate the sittings of the Court and of members thereof sitting alone or in Division Courts, shall be the same as immediately before the commencement of this Constitution: Provided that any restriction to which the exercise of original jurisdiction by any of the High Courts with respect to any matter concerning the revenue or concerning any act ordered or done in the collection thereof was subject immediately before the commencement of this Constitution shall no longer apply to the exercise of such jurisdiction. 226. Power of High Courts to issue certain writs.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in article 32 every High Court shall have power, throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction, to issue to any person or authority, including in appropriate cases, any Government, within those territories directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, or any of them, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III and for any other purpose. (2) The power conferred by clause (1) to issue directions, orders or writs to any Government, authority or person may also be exercised by any High Court exercising jurisdiction in relation to the territories within which the cause of action, wholly or in part, arises for the exercise of such power, notwithstanding that the seat of such Government or authority or the residence of such person is not within those territories. (3) Where any party against whom an interim order, whether by way of injunction or stay or in any other manner, is made on, or in any proceedings relating to, a petition under clause (1), without— (a) furnishing to such party copies of such petition and all documents in support of the plea for such interim order; and (b) giving such party an opportunity of being heard, makes an application to the High Court for the vacation of such order and furnishes a copy of such application to the party in whose favour such order has been made or the counsel of such party, the High Court shall dispose of the application within a period of two weeks from the date on which it is received or from the date on which the copy of such application is so furnished, whichever is later, or where the High Court is closed on the last day of that period, before the expiry of the next day afterwards on which the High Court is open; and if the application is not so disposed of, the interim order shall, on the expiry of that period, or, as the case may be, the expiry of the said next day, stand vacated. (4) The power conferred on a High Court by this article shall not be in derogation of the power conferred on the Supreme Court by clause (2) of article 32. 226A. [Constitutional validity of Central laws not to be considered in proceedings under article 226.] Rep. by the Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act, 1977, s. 8 (w.e.f. 13-4-1978). 227. Power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court.—(1) Every High Court shall have superintendence over all courts and tribunals throughout the territories in relation to which it exercises jurisdiction. (2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the High Court may— (a) call for returns from such courts; (b) make and issue general rules and prescribe forms for regulating the practice and proceedings of such courts; and (c) prescribe forms in which books, entries and accounts shall be kept by the officers of any such courts. (3) The High Court may also settle tables of fees to be allowed to the sheriff and all clerks and officers of such courts and to attorneys, advocates and pleaders practising therein: Provided that any rules made, forms prescribed or tables settled under clause (2) or clause (3) shall not be inconsistent with the provision of any law for the time being in force, and shall require the previous approval of the Governor.
(4) Nothing in this article shall be deemed to confer on a High Court powers of superintendence over any court or tribunal constituted by or under any law relating to the Armed Forces. * * * * * 228. Transfer of certain cases to High Court.—If the High Court is satisfied that a case pending in a court subordinate to it involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution the determination of which is necessary for the disposal of the case, it shall withdraw the case and may— (a) either dispose of the case itself, or (b) determine the said question of law and return the case to the court from which the case has been so withdrawn together with a copy of its judgment on such question, and the said court shall on receipt thereof proceed to dispose of the case in conformity with such judgment. 228A. [Special provisions as to disposal of questions relating to constitutional validity of State laws.] Rep. by the Constitution (Forty-third Amendment) Act, 1977, s. 10 (w.e.f. 13-4-1978). 229. Officers and servants and the expenses of High Courts.—(1) Appointments of officers and servants of a High Court shall be made by the Chief Justice of the Court or such other Judge or officer of the Court as he may direct: Provided that the Governor of the State may by rule require that in such cases as may be specified in the rule no person not already attached to the Court shall be appointed to any office connected with the Court save after consultation with the State Public Service Commission. (2) Subject to the provisions of any law made by the Legislature of the State, the conditions of service of officers and servants of a High Court shall be such as may be prescribed by rules made by the Chief Justice of the Court or by some other Judge or officer of the Court authorised by the Chief Justice to make rules for the purpose: Provided that the rules made under this clause shall, so far as they relate to salaries, allowances, leave or pensions, require the approval of the Governor of the State. (3) The administrative expenses of a High Court, including all salaries, allowances and pensions payable to or in respect of the officers and servants of the Court, shall be charged upon the Consolidated Fund of the State, and any fees or other moneys taken by the Court shall form part of that Fund. 230. Extension of jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.—(1) Parliament may by law extend the jurisdiction of a High Court to, or exclude the jurisdiction of a High Court from, any Union territory. (2) Where the High Court of a State exercises jurisdiction in relation to a Union territory,— (a) nothing in this Const itution sh all b e constru ed as empo wering th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e to in cr ea s e , r estri ct or aboli sh th at jurisdi ct ion; and (b) th e r ef er en ce in arti cl e 227 to th e Gov ernor sh al l, in r el a tion to an y rul es , for ms or tabl es for subordin at e court s in th at t err itor y, b e constru ed as a r ef er en ce to th e Pr esid en t. 231. Establishment of a common High Court for two or more States.—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the preceding provisions of this Chapter, Parliament may by law establish a common High Court for two or more States or for two or more States and a Union territory. (2) In relation to any such High Court,— (a) the reference in article 217 to the Governor of the State shall be construed as a reference to the Governors of all the States in relation to which the High Court exercises jurisdiction; (b) the reference in article 227 to the Governor shall, in relation to any rules, forms or tables for subordinate courts, be construed as a reference to the Governor of the State in which the subordinate courts are situate; and (c) the references in articles 219 and 229 to the State shall be construed as a reference to the State in which the High Court has its principal seat: Provided that if such principal seat is in a Union territory, the references in articles 219 and 229 to the Governor, Public Service Commission, Legislature and Consolidated Fund of the State shall be
construed respectively as references to the President, Union Public Service Commission, Parliament and Consolidated Fund of India.
CHAPTER VI.—SUBORDINATE COURTS 233. Appointment of district judges.—(1) Appointments of persons to be, and the posting and promotion of, district judges in any State shall be made by the Governor of the State in consultation with the High Court exercising jurisdiction in relation to such State. (2) A person not already in the service of the Union or of the State shall only be eligible to be appointed a district judge if he has been for not less than seven years an advocate or a pleader and is recommended by the High Court for appointment. 233A. Validation of appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges. —Notwithstanding any judgment, decree or order of any court,— (a) (i) no appointment of any person already in the judicial service of a State or of any person who has been for not less than seven years an advocate or a pleader, to be a district judge in that State, and (ii) no posting, promotion or transfer of any such person as a district judge, made at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 1966, otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of article 233 or article 235 shall be deemed to be illegal or void or ever to have become illegal or void by reason only of the fact that such appointment, posting, promotion or transfer was not made in accordance with the said provisions; (b) no jurisdiction exercised, no judgment, decree, sentence or order passed or made, and no other act or proceedings done or taken, before the commencement of the Constitution (Twentieth Amendment) Act, 1966 by, or before, any person appointed, posted, promoted or transferred as a district judge in any State otherwise than in accordance with the provisions of article 233 or article 235 shall be deemed to be illegal or invalid or ever to have become illegal or invalid by reason only of the fact that such appointment, posting, promotion or transfer was not made in accordance with the said provisions. 234. Recruitment of persons other than district judges to the judicial service.—Appointments of persons other than district judges to the judicial service of a State shall be made by the Governor of the State in accordance with rules made by him in that behalf after consultation with the State Public Service Commission and with the High Court exercising jurisdiction in relation to such State. 235. Control over subordinate courts.— The control over district courts and courts subordinate thereto including the posting and promotion of, and the grant of leave to, persons belonging to the judicial service of a State and holding any post inferior to the post of district judge shall be vested in the High Court, but nothing in this article shall be construed as taking away from any such person any right of appeal which he may have under the law regulating the conditions of his service or as authorising the High Court to deal with him otherwise than in accordance with the conditions of his service prescribed under such law. 236. Interpretation.— In this Chapter— (a) the expression “district judge” includes judge of a city civil court, additional district judge, joint district judge, assistant district judge, chief judge of a small cause court, chief presidency magistrate, additional chief presidency magistrate, sessions judge, additional sessions judge and assistant sessions Judge; (b) the expression “judicial service” means a service consisting exclusively of persons intended to fill the post of district judge and other civil judicial posts inferior to the post of district judge. 237. Application of the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.—The Governor may by public notification direct that the foregoing provisions of this Chapter and any rules made thereunder shall with effect from such date as may be fixed by him in that behalf apply in relation to any class or classes of magistrates in the State as they apply in relation
to persons appointed to the judicial service of the State subject to such exceptions and modifications as may be specified in the notification.
PART VII.—[The States in Part B of the First Schedule]. Rep. by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch.
PART VIII THE UNION TERRITORIES 239. Administration of Union territories.—(1) Save as otherwise provided by Parliament by law, every Union territory shall be administered by the President acting, to such extent as he thinks fit, through an administrator to be appointed by him with such designation as he may specify. (2) Notwithstanding anything contained in Part VI, the President my appoint the Governor of a State as the administrator of an adjoining Union territory, and where a Governor is so appointed, he shall exercise his functions as such administrator independently of his Council of Ministers. 239A. Creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.—(1) Parliament may by law create for the Union territory of Pondicherry— (a) a body, whether elected or partly nominated and partly elected, to function as a Legislature for the Union territory, or (b) a Council of Ministers, or both with such constitution, powers and functions, in each case, as may be specified in the law. (2) Any such law as is referred to in clause (1) shall not be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368 notwithstanding that it contains any provision which amends or has the effect of amending this Constitution. 239AA. Special provisions with respect to Delhi.—(1) As from the date of commencement of the Constitution (Sixty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1991, the Union territory of Delhi shall be called the National Capital Territory of Delhi (hereafter in this Part referred to as the National Capital Territory) and the administrator thereof appointed under article 239 shall be designated as the Lieutenant Governor. (2)(a) There shall be a Legislative Assembly for the National Capital Territory and the seats in such Assembly shall be filled by members chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies in the National Capital Territory. (b) The total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly, the number of seats reserved for Scheduled Castes, the division of the National Capital Territory into territorial constituencies (including the basis for such division) and all other matters relating to the functioning of the Legislative Assembly shall be regulated by law made by Parliament. (c) The provisions of articles 324 to 327 and 329 shall apply in relation to the National Capital Territory, the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory and the members thereof as they apply, in relation to a State, the Legislative Assembly of a State and the members thereof respectively; and any reference in articles 326 and 329 to “appropriate Legislature” shall be deemed to be a reference to Parliament. (3) (a) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution, the Legislative Assembly shall have power to make laws for the whole or any part of the National Capital Territory with respect to any of the matters enumerated in the State List or in the Concurrent List in so far as any such matter is applicable to Union territories except matters with respect to Entries 1, 2 and 18 of the State List and Entries 64, 65 and 66 of that List in so far as they relate to the said Entries 1, 2 and 18. (b) Nothing in sub-clause (a) shall derogate from the powers of Parliament under this Constitution to make laws with respect to any matter for a Union territory or any part thereof. (c) If any provision of a law made by the Legislative Assembly with respect to any matter is repugnant to any provision of a law made by Parliament with respect to that matter, whether passed before or after the law made by the Legislative Assembly, or of an earlier law, other than a law made by the Legislative Assembly, then, in either case, the law made by Parliament, or, as the case may be, such earlier law, shall prevail and the law made by the Legislative Assembly shall, to the extent of the repugnancy, be void: Provided that if any such law made by the Legislative Assembly has been reserved for the consideration of the President and has received his assent, such law shall prevail in the National Capital Territory:
Provided further that nothing in this sub-clause shall prevent Parliament from enacting at any time any law with respect to the same matter including a law adding to, amending, varying or repealing the law so made by the Legislative Assembly. (4) There shall be a Council of Ministers consisting of not more than ten per cent. of the total number of members in the Legislative Assembly, with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Lieutenant Governor in the exercise of his functions in relation to matters with respect to which the Legislative Assembly has power to make laws, except in so far as he is, by or under any law, required to act in his discretion: Provided that in the case of difference of opinion between the Lieutenant Governor and his Ministers on any matter, the Lieutenant Governor shall refer it to the President for decision and act according to the decision given thereon by the President and pending such decision it shall be competent for the Lieutenant Governor in any case where the matter, in his opinion, is so urgent that it is necessary for him to take immediate action, to take such action or to give such direction in the matter as he deems necessary. (5) The Chief Minister shall be appointed by the President and other Ministers shall be appointed by the President on the advice of the Chief Minister and the Ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the President. (6) The Council of Ministers shall be collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly. (7) (a) Parliament may, by law, make provisions for giving effect to, or supplementing the provisions contained in the foregoing clauses and for all matters incidental or consequential thereto. (b) Any such law as is referred to in sub-clause (a) shall not be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368 notwithstanding that it contains any provision which amends or has the effect of amending, this Constitution. (8) The provisions of article 239B shall, so far as may be, apply in relation to the National Capital Territory, the Lieutenant Governor and the Legislative Assembly, as they apply in relation to the Union territory of Pondicherry, the administrator and its Legislature, respectively; and any reference in that article to “clause (1) of article 239A” shall be deemed to be a reference to this article or article 239AB, as the case may be. 239AB. Provision in case of failure of constitutional machinery.—If the President, on receipt of a report from the Lieutenant Governor or otherwise, is satisfied— (a) that a situation has arisen in which the administration of the National Capital Territory cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of article 239AA or of any law made in pursuance of that article; or (b) that for the proper administration of the National Capital Territory it is necessary or expedient so to do, the President may by order suspend the operation of any provision of article 239AA or of all or any of the provisions of any law made in pursuance of that article for such period and subject to such conditions as may be specified in such law and make such incidental and consequential provisions as may appear to him to be necessary or expedient for administering the National Capital Territory in accordance with the provisions of article 239 and article 239AA. 239B. Power of administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.—(1) If at any time, except when the Legislature of the Union territory of Pondicherry is in session, the administrator thereof is satisfied that circumstances exist which render it necessary for him to take immediate action, he may promulgate such Ordinances as the circumstances appear to him to require: Provided that no such Ordinance shall be promulgated by the administrator except after obtaining instructions from the President in that behalf: Provided further that whenever the said Legislature is dissolved, or its functioning remains suspended on account of any action taken under any such law as is referred to in clause (1) of article 239A, the administrator shall not promulgate any Ordinance during the period of such dissolution or suspension. (2) An Ordinance promulgated under this article in pursuance of instructions from the President shall be deemed to be an Act of the Legislature of the Union territory which has been duly enacted
after complying with the provisions in that behalf contained in any such law as is referred to in clause (1) of article 239A, but every such Ordinance— (a) shall be laid before the Legislature of the Union territory and shall cease to operate at the expiration of six weeks from the reassembly of the Legislature or if, before the expiration of that period, a resolution disapproving it is passed by the Legislature, upon the passing of the resolution; and (b) may be withdrawn at any time by the administrator after obtaining instructions from the President in that behalf. (3) If and so far as an Ordinance under this article makes any provision which would not be valid if enacted in an Act of the Legislature of the Union territory made after complying with the provisions in that behalf contained in any such law as is referred to in clause (1) of article 239A, it shall be void. * * * * * 240. Power of President to make regulations for certain Union territories.— (1) The President may make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of the Union territory of— (a) th e And a man and Ni cob a r Isl ands ; (b) L aksh ad w e ep; ( c) D ad r a an d Na g ar H av el i ; (d) D a man and D iu; ( e) Pondi ch err y: Provided that when any body is created under article 239A to function as a Legislature for the Union territory of Pondicherry, the President shall not make any regulation for the peace, progress and good government of that Union territory with effect from the date appointed for the first meeting of the Legislature: Provided further that whenever the body functioning as a Legislature for the Union territory of Pondicherry is dissolved, or the functioning of that body as such Legislature remains suspended on account of any action taken under any such law as is referred to in clause (1) of article 239A, the President may, during the period of such dissolution or suspension, make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of that Union territory. (2) Any regulation so made may repeal or amend any Act made by Parliament or any other law which is for the time being applicable to the Union territory and, when promulgated by the President, shall have the same force and effect as an Act of Parliament which applies to that territory. 241. High Courts for Union territories—(1) Parliament may by law constitute a High Court for a Union territory or declare any court in any such territory to be a High Court for all or any of the purposes of this Constitution. (2) The provisions of Chapter V of Part VI shall apply in relation to every High Court referred to in clause (1) as they apply in relation to a High Court referred to in article 214 subject to such modifications or exceptions as Parliament may by law provide. (3) Subject to the provisions of this Constitution and to the provisions of any law of the appropriate Legislature made by virtue of powers conferred on that Legislature by or under this Constitution, every High Court exercising jurisdiction immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, in relation to any Union territory shall continue to exercise such jurisdiction in relation to that territory after such commencement. (4) Nothing in this article derogates from the power of Parliament to extend or exclude the jurisdiction of a High Court for a State to, or from, any Union territory or part thereof. 242. [Coorg.] Rep. by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, s. 29 and Sch.
PART IX THE PANCHAYATS 243 . Def initions .— In th is P art , unl ess th e context oth er wis e r equir es , —
(a) “district” means a district in a State; (b) “Gram Sabha” means a body consisting of persons registered in the electoral rolls relating to a village comprised within the area of Panchayat at the village level; (c) “intermediate level” means a level between the village and district levels specified by the Governor of a State by public notification to be the intermediate level for the purposes of this Part; (d) “Panchayat” means an institution (by whatever name called) of self- government constituted under article 243B, for the rural areas; (e) “Panchayat area” means the territorial area of a Panchayat; (f) “Population” means the population as ascertained at the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been published; (g) “village” means a village specified by the Governor by public notification to be a village for the purposes of this Part and includes a group of villages so specified. 2 4 3 A . G ra m S a b h a .— A Gr a m S ab h a ma y ex erc i s e s u ch p o w er s and p er f o r m su ch fun ction s at th e vil l ag e l evel as th e Legisl atur e of a St at e ma y, b y l a w, provide. 243 B. Const itution of Pan chayats . —(1) Th er e sh al l b e const itut ed in ev er y St at e , P an ch a yats at th e vil l ag e, int er me di at e and distr i ct l ev els in a c cord an c e with th e provis ions of this P art . (2) Not withs t anding an ything in cl aus e (1) , P anch a yats at th e int er medi at e l ev el ma y not be consti tut ed in a St at e h aving a popul ation not ex ceeding t w enty l ak h s . 243 C. Co mp osition of Pan chayats . — (1) Subj ec t to th e provis ions of this P art , th e Legislatur e of a St at e ma y, b y l a w, ma k e provision s with r esp ect to the co mposit ion of P an ch a yats : Provid ed th at the r atio b et w een th e popul at ion of th e t err itori al ar ea of a P an ch a yat at any l ev el and th e nu mb er of s e ats in su ch P an ch a ya t to b e fill ed by el ect ion shall , so f ar as pr acti cabl e, b e th e same throughout th e St at e. (2) All th e s e ats in a P an ch a ya t sh al l b e fi ll ed by p ersons chos en b y d ir e ct el ect ion f ro m t erri tori al const itu en ci es in th e Pan ch a yat ar ea and , for this purpos e, each Pan ch a yat ar ea sh all b e divid ed into t err itori al const itu en ci es in su ch ma nn er th at th e r atio b et w ee n th e popul ation of each cons titu en cy and th e nu mb er of s e ats allo tt ed to it shall , so f ar as pr ac ti cab l e, b e th e s a me throughout th e p an ch a yat are a . (3) Th e Leg isl atur e of a S t at e ma y, b y l a w, provid e for th e r epr es ent a tion— (a) of the Chairpersons of the Panchayats at the village level, in the Panchayats at the intermediate level or, in the case of a State not having Panchayats at the intermediate level, in the Panchayats at the district level; (b) of the Chairpersons of the Panchayats at the intermediate level, in the Panchayats at the district level; (c) of the members of the House of the People and the members of the Legislative Assembly of the State representing constituencies which comprise wholly or partly a Panchayat area at a level other than the village level, in such Panchayat; (d) of the members of the Council of States and the members of the Legislative Council of the State, where they are registered as electors within— (i) a Panchayat area at the intermediate level, in Panchayat at the intermediate level; (ii) a Panchayat area at the district level, in Panchayat at the district level. (4) Th e Ch a irp erson of a P an cha ya t and oth er me mb e r s o f a Pa n ch a yat wh ethe r or not chos en by dir e ct el ect ion fro m t erritor i al consti tu enci es in th e P an ch a yat ar ea sh all h av e th e right to vot e in th e meetings of th e P an ch a yats . (5) Th e Ch airp erson of —
(a) a panchayat at the village level shall be elected in such manner as the Legislature of a State may, by law, provide; and (b) a Panchayat at the intermediate level or district level shall be elected by, and from amongst, the elected members thereof. 2 4 3 D . R es e rv a t i o n o f s ea t s .— (1) S e ats sh al l be r es erv ed for — (a) the Scheduled Castes; and (b) the Scheduled Tribes, in ev er y P an ch aya t and th e nu mb er of s e ats so re s erv ed sh al l b ea r , as n e a rl y a s ma y b e , th e s a me proportion to th e tot al nu mb er of s e ats to b e fill ed b y dir e ct el ect ion in th at P an ch a yat as the popul ation of th e S ch edul ed Ca st es in th at P an ch a yat ar e a or of th e S ch edul ed Trib es in tha t P an ch a yat ar ea b e ars to th e tot a l popu l ation of th at ar ea and su ch s e ats ma y b e allot t ed b y rot at ion to diff er ent constitu en ci es in a P anch a yat . (2) Not l ess th an on e-third of th e tot al nu mb er of s e ats r es erv ed und er cl aus e (1) sh al l b e r es erv ed for wo men b elonging to th e S ch edul ed Castes or , as th e case ma y b e , th e S ch edul ed Trib es . (3) Not l ess th an on e-third ( including th e nu mber of s e ats r es erv ed for wo me n b elonging to th e S ch edul ed Castes and th e S ch edul ed Trib es) of th e tot al nu mb er of s e ats to b e fill ed b y dir e ct el ec tion in ev er y Pa n ch a yat sh all be r es erv ed for w o men and su ch s e ats ma y b e allot t ed b y rot a tion to diff er ent const itu en ci es in a P an ch a yat . (4) Th e offi ces of th e Ch airp ersons in th e P an chayats at th e vil lag e or an y oth er l ev el sh a ll b e r es erv ed for th e S ch edul ed C a st es , th e S ch edul ed Trib es and wo men in su ch ma n n er as th e Le gis l atur e of a St at e ma y, b y l aw, prov id e: Provid ed th at the nu mb er of off ices of Ch airp ersons r es erv ed for th e S ch edul ed C a st es and th e Sc h edul ed Trib es in th e P an ch a yats at e a ch l ev el in an y St at e sh all b e ar , as n e arl y as ma y b e , th e same p roportion to th e tot a l nu mb er of su ch offices in th e P an ch a yats at each l ev el as th e popul ation of th e S ch eduled Cast es in th e St at e or of th e Sch edul ed Trib es in th e St at e b e ars to th e tot a l popul at ion o f th e St at e: Provid ed fur th er th at not l ess than on e-third of th e tot al nu mb er of offi ces of C h airp erson s in th e P an ch a yats a t e a ch l ev el sha ll b e r es erv ed for wo men : Provid ed also tha t th e nu mb er o f offi c es r es erv ed und er this cl aus e sh all b e allo tt ed b y ro t ation to diff eren t P an ch a yats at each l ev el . (5) Th e r es erv ation of s e ats under cl aus es (1) and (2) and th e res erv at ion o f offi ces of Ch airp ersons (oth er th an th e r es erv ation for wo men ) und er cl aus e (4) sh al l ceas e to hav e eff e ct on the expir ation of th e p eriod sp ecifi ed in arti cl e 334 . (6) Nothing in this P art sh all prev ent th e Legislatur e of a St at e fro m ma k ing an y provision for r es erv at ion o f s e ats in an y P anch a yat or offi ces of Ch airp ersons in th e P an ch a yats at an y l ev el in f avour of b a ckward cl ass of citi zen s. 2 4 3 E . Du rat i o n o f Pan ch a y a t s , e t c .—(1) Ev er y P an ch a yat , un l ess soon er dis solv ed und er an y l a w for th e ti me b eing in for ce, sh all continu e for fiv e years fro m th e d at e appoint ed for i ts firs t meet ing and no long er . (2) No amend ment of an y l a w for th e ti me b eing in for ce sh all h av e th e eff e ct of causing dissolut ion o f a P an ch a yat at an y l evel , wh i ch is function ing i mmed i at el y b efor e su ch amendmen t , till th e expir a tion of its dur at ion sp ecifi ed in cl aus e (1) . (3) An el e c tion to consti tut e a P an ch a yat sh all b e co mp l et ed— (a) before the expiry of its duration specified in clause (1); (b) before the expiration of a period of six months from the date of its dissolution: Provid ed th at wh er e th e r e ma ind er of th e p eriod for whi ch th e dis solv ed P an ch a yat would h av e con tinu ed is l ess th an six mon ths , it sh all not b e n e c essa r y
to hold an y el ection und er thi s cl aus e for const ituting th e P an chayat for su ch p eriod . (4) A P an ch a yat const itut ed upon th e dissolu tion of a P an ch a ya t b efor e th e expir a tion o f its dur ation sh al l continu e onl y for th e r e ma ind er of th e p eriod for w hi ch th e dissolv ed P an ch a yat w ould h av e con tinu ed und er cl aus e (1) h ad it not b e en so dissolv ed . 243 F. Disqual ifi cat ions fo r me mb ership .—(1) A p er son sha ll b e d isqu alif i ed for b eing chos en as , and for b eing , a me mb e r o f a P an ch a ya t— (a) if he is so disqualified by or under any law for the time being in force for the purposes of elections to the Legislature of the State concerned: Provided that no person shall be disqualified on the ground that he is less than twenty-five years of age, if he has attained the age of twenty-one years; (b) if he is so disqualified by or under any law made by the Legislature of the State. (2) If an y qu estion aris es as to w h eth er a me mbe r of a P an ch a ya t h as b e co me subj ect to an y of th e disqu al ifi ca tion s me ntion ed in cl aus e (1) , th e qu est ion sh all b e r ef err ed for th e d e cision of su ch authorit y and in su ch mann er as th e Legisl atur e o f a St at e ma y, b y law, prov id e. 243G. Pow e rs, autho rity and re spons ibilit i es of Pan chayats .— Subj ect to th e provis ions of this Const itution , th e Legi sl atur e of a S t at e ma y, b y l a w, endow th e P an ch a yats with su ch po wers and authorit y as ma y b e n ecess ar y to en abl e th em to fun ction as insti tutions of s elf-gov ernmen t and su ch law ma y cont ain provis ions for th e d evolution of po we rs and r esponsib iliti es upon P an ch a yats at th e appropri a t e l ev el , subj ect to su ch conditions as ma y b e sp ecifi ed th er ein, with r esp e ct to — (a) the preparation of plans for economic development and social justice; (b) the implementation of schemes for economic development and social justice as may be entrusted to them including those in relation to the matters listed in the Eleventh Schedule. 243 H. Pow e rs to i mp os e tax es by , and Funds of , th e Pan chayats . —Th e L e gisl a tur e o f a St at e ma y, b y la w , — (a) authorise a Panchayat to levy, collect and appropriate such taxes, duties, tolls and fees in accordance with such procedure and subject to such limits; (b) assign to a Panchayat such taxes, duties, tolls and fees levied and collected by the State Government for such purposes and subject to such conditions and limits; (c) provide for making such grants-in-aid to the Panchayats from the Consolidated Fund of the State; and (d) provide for constitution of such Funds for crediting all moneys received, respectively, by or on behalf of the Panchayats and also for the withdrawal of such moneys therefrom, as may b e sp ecifi ed in th e l a w. 243-I . Constitution of Finan c e Co mmi ssio n to revi ew finan cial posit ion. — (1) Th e Gov ernor of a S t at e sh all , as soon as ma y b e wi thin one year fro m th e co mme n cement of th e Consti tution (S ev ent y- third Amend ment) Act , 1992 , and th er eaf t er at th e expir at ion of ev er y fif th year , const itut e a F inan ce Co mmis sion to r evi ew th e fin an ci al posi tion of th e P an ch a ya ts and to mak e r e co mme nd ations to th e Gov ernor as to — (a) the principles which should govern— (i) the distribution between the State and the Panchayats of the net proceeds of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees leviable by the State, which may be divided between them under this Part and the allocation between the Panchayats at all levels of their respective shares of such proceeds; (ii) the determination of the taxes, duties, tolls and fees which may be assigned to, or appropriated by, the Panchayats; (iii) the grants-in-aid to the Panchayats from the Consolidated Fund of the State;
(b) the measures needed to improve the financial position of the Panchayats; (c) any other matter referred to the Finance Commission by the Governor in the interests of sound finance of the Panchayats. (2) Th e Leg isl atur e of a S t at e ma y, b y l a w, provid e for th e co mposi tion of th e Co mmi ssion , the qu alif ications whi ch sh all b e requis it e for appoint me nt as memb er s th er eof and th e mann er in whi ch th ey sh al l b e s el ect ed . (3) Th e Co mmi ssion sh al l d e t ermi n e th eir pro c edur e and sh all hav e su ch po wers in th e p erfor man ce of their fun ct ions as th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e ma y, b y l a w, co n f er o n t h e m. (4) Th e Gov ernor sh all caus e ev er y r e co mme ndation ma d e b y th e Co mmis sion und er this ar ti cle tog eth er with an expl an ator y memo r a ndu m as to th e action t ak en th er eon to b e l aid b efor e th e L egisl atur e of th e St at e . 243J . Aud it o f a c counts of Pan chayats . —Th e Legisl atur e of a St at e ma y, b y l a w, ma k e provision s with r esp ec t to th e ma int en an ce of accounts b y th e P an ch a yats and th e audit ing of su ch accounts . 243 K. El ect ions to th e Pan chayats . —(1) Th e sup erin t end enc e , dir e c tion and contro l of th e prep ar at ion of el ec tor a l ro lls for , and th e condu ct of , all el ection s to th e P an ch a yats sh al l b e v es ted in a S t at e El ec tion Co mmi ssion consist ing o f a St at e El ect ion Co mmi ssion er to b e appoint ed b y th e Gov e rnor. (2) Subj ect to the provision s of an y l a w ma d e by th e Legisl ature of a S t at e, th e condit ions of s ervi ce and t enur e of offi ce of th e St at e El ection Co mmi ssion er sh al l b e su ch as th e Gov e rnor ma y b y rul e d et ermi n e: Provid ed th a t the St at e El e ction C o mmis sion er sh al l no t b e r e mov ed fro m h is offi ce ex cept in lik e ma nn er and on th e lik e grounds as a Judg e of a High Cour t and th e conditions of s ervi ce of th e St at e El ect ion Co mmis sion er sh all not b e v ari ed to his di sadv ant ag e aft er his appoin t ment. (3) Th e Gov ernor of a S t at e sh all , wh en so r eque st ed b y th e St at e El e ction C o mmi ssion , mak e av ail abl e to th e St at e El e ction Co mmis sion su ch st aff as ma y b e n ecess ar y for th e dis ch arg e of th e fun ction s conf err ed on th e St at e El ect ion C o mmi ssion b y c l aus e (1) . (4) Subj ect to the provision s of this Const itution, th e Leg isl atur e of a S t at e ma y, b y l a w, ma k e provision with r esp ect to all ma t t ers r el a ting to , o r in conn ection with, el ections to the P an ch a yats . 243 L. Appl i cation to Un ion t err ito r i es .—Th e provis ions of this P art sh all appl y to th e Union t erri tori es and sh all , in th eir appli cation to a Union t erri tor y, h av e eff e ct as if th e r ef er en c es to th e Gov e rnor of a St at e w er e r ef er en c es to the Ad ministr a tor of th e Union t erritor y appoin ted und er arti cl e 239 and r ef er en c es to th e Legisl atur e or th e l egisl ativ e Ass e mbl y of a St at e wer e ref er en c es , in r el a tion to a Union t err itor y h aving a Legisl at iv e Ass e mb l y, to th at Legisl ativ e A ss e mbl y: Provid ed th at the Pr esid ent ma y, b y publ i c no tifi c at ion, dir ect th at th e provis ions of this P art sh all appl y to an y Un ion t err itor y or p art th er eof subj ect to su ch ex ceptions and mod ifi cation s as h e may sp ecif y in th e noti fi c ation . 2 4 3 M . Pa rt n o t t o a p p l y t o c er t a i n a r eas .— (1) Nothing in this P art sh all appl y to th e S chedul ed Ar eas r ef err ed to in cl aus e (1) , and th e trib al ar eas r ef err ed to in claus e (2) , of articl e 244 . (2) Nothing in this P art sh all appl y to — (a) the States of Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram; (b) the hill areas in the State of Manipur for which District Councils exist under any law for the time being in force. (3) Nothing in this P art —
(a) relating to Panchayats at the district level shall apply to the hill areas of the District of Darjeeling in the State of West Bengal for which Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council exists under any law for the time being in force; (b) shall be construed to affect the functions and powers of the Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council constituted under such law. (3 A) Nothing in arti cle 243 D, rel at ing to r e s ervation of s e at s for th e S ch edul ed Cast es , sh all appl y to th e St at e of Arun ach al Prad esh . (4) Not withs t anding an ything in this Const itution , — (a) the Legislature of a State referred to in sub-clause (a) of clause (2) may, by law, extend this part to that State, except the areas, if any, referred to in clause (1), if the Legislative Assembly of that State passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting; (b) Parliament may, by law, extend the provisions of this Part to the Scheduled Areas and the tribal areas referred to in clause (1) subject to such exceptions and modifications as may be specified in such law, and no such law shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for the purposes of article 368. 243 N. Continuan ce of existing law s and Pan chayats .—Not wi thst and ing an ything in th is P art , an y provision of an y l a w rel at ing to P an chayats in for ce in a St at e i mme d i at el y b efor e th e co mme n cement of th e Consti tution (S ev ent y-th ird Amend ment ) Act , 1992, whi ch is in consi st ent with th e provi sions of this P art , sh al l con tinu e to b e in for c e unti l a me nd ed or re p e al ed b y a comp e t ent Legisl atur e o r oth er co mp et en t author it y or un til th e expir a tion of on e year from su ch co mme n c eme n t , whi ch ev er is e arli e r: Provid ed th at all th e P an ch a yats exist ing i mme di at el y b efo r e such co mmen cement sh al l con tinu e till th e expir a tion of th eir dur ation , un l ess soon er dis solv ed b y a resolu tion p ass ed to th at eff e ct by th e Legisl at ive Ass e mb l y o f th at St at e or , in th e cas e of a S tat e h aving a Legis l ativ e Coun cil , b y each House of th e Legisl atur e of th at St at e. 243- O. Ba r to int e rf eren ce by cou rts in el ectoral ma tt ers .— Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion ,— (a) the validity of any law relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allotment of seats to such constituencies, made or purporting to be made under article 243K, shall not be called in question in any court; (b) no election to any Panchayat shall be called in question except by an election petition presented to such authority and in such manner as is provided for by or under any law made by the Legislature of a State.
PART IXA T H E M UN I C I P A L I TI ES 2 4 3 P . D ef i n it i o n s .—In th is P art, un l ess th e context oth er wis e r equir es , — (a) “ Co mmi tt ee” mean s a Co mmi tt ee const ituted und er arti cl e 243S; (b) “dis tri ct ” me ans a distr ict in a S t at e; ( c) “ M etropoli t an ar ea” me ans an ar ea h aving a popul at ion o f t en l akhs or mo r e , co mpri sed in on e o r more distr i cts and consi sting of t wo or mor e Muni cip ali ti es or P an ch a yats or oth er contiguous ar eas , sp ecifi ed b y th e Gov ernor b y publi c not ifi c ation to b e a Metropoli t an area for th e purpos es of thi s P ar t; (d) “ Muni cip al ar ea” mean s th e t erri tori al ar ea of a Muni cip ality as is noti fi ed b y th e G ov ernor; ( e) “ Muni cip ali ty” mean s an insti tution of s elf-gov ern ment const itut ed und er arti cl e 243 Q; (f) “ P an ch a yat ” me a n s a P an ch aya t const itut ed und er arti c l e 243 B; (g) “popul at ion ” mean s th e popul at ion as as cer t ain ed at th e l ast pr eceding census of whi ch th e r el ev ant figur es h av e b e en publi sh ed. 243 Q. Consti tution of Mun i cipali ti es .— (1) The r e sh all b e const itut ed in e v er y St at e ,— (a) a Nag a r P anch a yat (b y wh atev er n a me cal l ed) for a tr ansi tion al ar ea, th at i s to s a y, an ar ea in tr ansition fro m a rur al ar ea to an u rb an ar ea; (b) a Mun i cip al C oun cil for a sma l l er urb an ar ea ; and ( c) a Mun i cip al Corpor at ion fo r a l arg er urb an ar ea, in accord an ce with th e provi sions of this P art : Provid ed th at a Muni cip ali t y und er this cl au se ma y no t b e consti tut ed in su ch urb an ar ea or part th er eo f as th e Governor ma y, h aving r eg ard to th e si ze of th e ar ea an d th e muni cip a l s ervi c es b eing provid ed or propos ed to be provid ed b y an indus tri al est ablish ment in th at ar ea and su ch o th er f a ctors as he ma y d eem fit , b y publi c notif ication , sp ecif y to b e an indu strial to wnship . (2) In this ar ti cle, “ a t r ansition al ar ea”, “a s mal ler urb an ar ea” or “ a l arg er urb an ar ea” me ans su ch ar ea as th e Gov ernor ma y, h av ing r egard to th e popul at ion o f the ar ea, the d ens it y of th e popul ation th er ein, th e r ev enu e g en er at ed for local ad minist r ation , th e p e r cen t ag e of emp lo yment in nonagri cu ltur al activit i es , the econo mi c i mport an ce or su ch o th er f a ctor s as h e ma y d eem fit , sp ecify b y pub li c notifi cation for th e purpos es of thi s P art . 243 R. Co mp osition of Mun i cipali ti es .—(1) S av e as provid ed in cl aus e (2) , all th e s e ats in a Muni cip a lit y sh all b e fill ed b y p ersons chos en b y dir ect el ection fro m th e t erri tori al cons titu en cies in th e Mun i cip al ar ea and for this purpos e each Muni cip al ar ea sh al l b e divid ed into t err itori al const itu en ci es to b e kno wn as wards. ( 2 ) Th e L eg is l atu r e o f a S t at e ma y , b y l a w , p r o v i d e — (a) for th e r epr es ent a tion in a Muni cip a lit y of— (i) p erson s h av ing sp e ci al kno wl edg e or exp eri en c e in Mun i cip al ad minis tr ation; (i i) th e me mb ers of th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e and th e me mb ers of th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y of th e St at e r epr es en ting const itu en ci es whi ch co mpris e wholly or p artl y th e Muni cip al ar ea; (i ii) th e memb ers of th e Coun cil of St at es and the memb ers of the Legisl ativ e Coun cil of th e St at e r egist er ed as electors with in the M uni cip al ar e a;
(i v) th e Ch airp ersons of th e Commi t t e es const itut ed und er cl ause (5) of arti cl e 243S : Provid ed th a t the p ersons r ef erre d to in p ar agr aph (i) sh al l no t h av e th e right to vot e in th e meeting s of th e Muni cip a lit y; (b) th e ma nn er of el e ction of th e Ch airp erson of a Muni cipa li t y. 243S . Const itution and co mposit ion o f Wa rds Co mmi tt e es , etc.—(1) Th er e sh al l b e const itut ed W a rds Co mmi tt ees, consis ting of on e or mor e wards , wi thin th e t err itori al area of a Muni cipali t y h av ing a popul at ion o f th ree l akhs or mo re. ( 2 ) Th e L eg is l atu r e o f a S t at e ma y , b y l a w , mak e p r o v i s i o n wi t h r es p e ct t o — (a) th e co mposi tion and the t erri tori al ar ea of a W ards Co mmi tt ee; (b) th e mann er in whi ch th e s e ats in a W ards Co mmi tt ee sh all b e fi ll ed. (3) A memb er of a Muni cip alit y r epr es ent ing a ward within th e t err itori al ar ea of th e Ward s Commi t t ee sh all be a me mb er of th at Co mmi tt ee. (4) Wh er e a Wards Co mmi tt ee consi sts of— (a) on e ward , th e me mb er r epres ent ing that ward in th e Muni cip a lit y; or (b) two or more wards, on e of th e me mb er s r epr es ent ing su ch wards in th e M u n i cip al i t y e l ec t ed b y t h e me mb ers o f t h e W ar d s Co mmi t t e e , sh al l b e th e Ch airp er son of th at Co mmi tt ee. (5) Nothing in this art i cl e sh all b e d eemed to prev ent th e Legislatur e of a St at e fro m mak ing any provision for th e consti tution of Co mmi tt ees in addition to the W a rds Co mmi tte e s . 2 4 3 T . R es e rv a t i o n o f s ea t s .—(1) S e ats sh al l be r es erv ed for th e S ch edul ed C a st es and th e Sc h edul ed Trib es in ev er y Muni cip al it y and th e nu mb er of s e ats so r es erv ed sh al l bear , as n earl y as ma y b e , th e s ame p roportion to th e tot al nu mber of s e ats to b e fill ed b y dir e ct el ec tion in th at Muni cip a lit y as th e popul ation of th e S ch edul ed Ca st es in th e Muni cip a l ar ea or of th e S ch edul ed Trib es in th e Muni cip al ar ea b e ars to th e tot al popul at ion of th at ar ea and su ch s e ats ma y b e allo tt ed b y ro t ation to diff eren t const itu en ci es in a Muni cip ality. (2) Not l ess th an on e-third of th e tot al nu mb er of s e ats r es erv ed und er cl aus e (1) sh al l b e r es erv ed for wo men b elonging to th e S ch edul ed Castes or , as th e case ma y b e , t h e S ch e d u l ed Tri b es . (3) Not l ess th an on e-third ( including th e nu mber of s e ats r es erv ed for wo me n b elonging to th e S ch edul ed Castes and th e S ch edul ed Trib es) of th e tot al nu mb er of s e ats to b e fill ed b y dir e ct el ec tion in ev er y M uni cip ali t y sha ll b e r es erv ed for w o men an d su ch s e ats ma y b e allo t t ed b y ro t a tio n to d iff er en t co n st itu en ci es in a M u n i cip al i t y. (4) Th e offi ces of Ch airp ersons in th e Mun i cip ali ti es sh all b e r es erv ed for th e S ch edul ed C ast es , th e S ch edul ed T rib es and wome n in su ch ma nn er as th e Legisl atur e o f a St at e ma y, b y law, prov id e. (5) Th e r es erv ation of s e ats under cl aus es (1) and (2) and th e res erv at ion o f offi ces of Ch airp ersons (oth er th an th e r es erv ation for wo men ) und er cl aus e (4) sh al l ceas e to hav e eff e ct on the expir ation of th e p eriod sp ecifi ed in arti cl e 334 . (6) Nothing in this P art sh all prev ent th e Legislatur e of a St at e fro m ma k ing an y provision for r es erv at ion o f s e ats in an y Muni cip a lit y or offi ces of Ch airp erson s in th e Muni cip ali ties in f avour of b a ck ward cl ass of cit i zen s. 243 U. Du ration of Muni cipaliti es , et c.—(1) Ev er y Mun i cip alit y, unl ess soon er disso lv ed und er an y l aw for th e ti me b eing in for ce, sh all continu e for fiv e years fro m th e d at e appointed for its fi rst meet ing and no long er : Provid ed th at a Muni cip ali t y shall b e giv en a r eason abl e opportunit y of b eing h e ard b efor e its dis solution .
(2) No amend ment of an y l a w for th e ti me b eing in for c e sh all hav e th e eff e ct of causing dissolut ion o f a Municip al it y at an y lev el , wh i ch is fun ction ing i mmed i at el y b efor e su ch amendmen t , till th e expir a tion of its dur at ion sp ecifi ed in cl aus e (1) . (3) An e l e ction to const itut e a M uni cip ali t y sha ll b e co mpl et ed ,— (a) b efor e th e expir y of it s dur ation sp ecifi ed in cl aus e (1); (b) b efor e th e expir a tion of a period of six months fro m th e d ate of its dis solution: Provid ed th at wh er e th e r e ma ind er of th e p eriod for whi ch th e dis solv ed Muni cip ali t y would h av e continu ed is l ess th an six months , it sh all not b e n ecess ar y to hold an y el ection und er this cl au se for const ituting th e Muni cip ali ty for su ch p eriod . (4) A Muni cip alit y cons titut ed upon th e dissolu tion of a Muni cip ali t y b e for e th e expir at ion of its dur ation sh all cont inu e onl y for th e r e ma ind er of th e p eriod for whi ch th e disso lved Muni cipali t y would h ave continu ed under cl aus e (1) h ad it not b e en so disso lved . 243 V. Disqua lifi cat ions fo r me mb ers hip .—(1) A person sh all be disqu al ifi ed for b eing chos en as , and for b eing , a me mb e r o f a Muni c ip alit y— (a) if h e is so disqu al ifi ed b y o r und er an y l aw for th e ti me b eing in for c e for th e purpos es of el ections to th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e concern ed: Provid ed th at no p erson sh all be disqu al ifi ed on th e ground th at h e is l ess th an t w ent y-f iv e ye ars of ag e, i f h e ha s att a ined th e ag e of t w ent y-one ye a rs; (b) if h e is so disqu al ifi ed b y o r und er an y l aw ma d e b y th e L egis l atur e of th e St at e. (2) If an y qu estion aris es as to wh eth er a me mber of a Muni cipali t y h a s b e co me subj ect to an y of th e disqu ali fi cations mention ed in cl aus e (1) , th e qu est ion sh all be r ef err ed for the d e cision of such authorit y and in su ch mann er a s t h e L eg i s l atu r e o f a S t at e may , b y l a w , p r o v i d e . 243W. Pow e rs, autho rity and re spons ibilit i es of Mun i cipalit ies , et c.— Subj ect to th e provis ions of this Constitu tion , the Legisl atur e of a S t at e may, b y l a w , en d o w — (a) th e Muni cipali ti es with su ch po we rs and author it y as ma y be n ecess ar y to en abl e th em to fun ction as inst itutions of s elf-gov ern ment and su ch l a w may cont ain provi sions for th e d evolution of po wers and r esponsibi lit i es upon Muni cip ali ti es , subj ect to su ch condit ions as ma y b e sp ecifi ed th er ein, with r esp e ct to — (i) th e pr ep ar ation of pl ans for econo mi c d ev elop ment and so cial jus ti c e; (i i) th e p e rfor ma n c e of fun ctions and th e i mpl eme n t ation of s ch e me s as may b e entrust ed to th em in cluding tho s e in r el a tion to th e mat t ers li st ed in th e Twelf th S ch edul e; (b) th e Co mmi ttees with su ch po wers and au thori t y as ma y b e necess ar y to en abl e th em to ca rr y out th e r esponsib iliti es conf err ed upon them i n cluding thos e in r el a tion to th e matt ers lis t ed in the Twelf th S ch edu le. 243 X. Pow er to i mp os e tax es by , a nd Funds of, th e Muni cipa lit i es.—Th e L e gisl a tur e o f a St at e ma y, b y la w , — (a) author is e a M uni cip ali t y to l ev y, coll e ct and appropri at e suc h t ax es , duti e s, to lls and f e es in accord an ce with su ch pro c edur e and subj ect to su ch li mi ts; (b) assign to a Muni cip ali t y such t ax es , duti es , toll s and f e es levi ed and c oll e c t ed b y th e St at e Gov ern me nt for su ch purpos es and subj ec t to su ch condit ions and li mit s;
( c) provid e for ma k ing su ch gr ants- in- aid to th e Mun i cip alit i es fro m th e Consolid at ed Fund of th e St at e; and (d) provid e for const itution of su ch Funds for credit ing all mon eys r eceiv ed , r esp ectiv el y, b y or on b eh alf of th e Muni cip a liti es and also for th e withdr awal of su ch mon e ys th erefro m, as may b e sp ecifi ed in th e l a w. 243 Y. Finan c e Co mmi s sion .—(1) Th e F in an c e Co mmi ssion const itut ed und er art i cl e 243 -I shall al so r ev i ew th e fin an ci al posit ion o f the Muni cip a liti es and mak e r e co mmend ation s to the Gov ernor as to — (a) th e prin cip l es whi ch should gov ern — (i) th e di stribut ion b et w een th e St at e and th e Muni cip a liti es of th e n et pro ceeds of th e t ax es , duti es , toll s and f e es l eviabl e b y th e St ate, whi ch ma y b e div id ed b et w e en th e m und er this P ar t and th e allo c at ion b et w e en th e Muni cip ali ties at all l ev el s of th eir r esp ective sh ar es of su ch pro ceeds; (i i) th e d e t er min ation of th e t ax es , duti es , tolls and f e es wh i ch may b e assign ed to , or appropri a t ed b y, th e Mun i cip aliti es ; (i ii) th e gr ants-in- aid to th e Muni cip a liti es from t h e Conso lid at ed Fund of th e St ate; (b) th e measur es n e ed ed to i mprov e th e fin an cial posi tion of the Muni cip ali ti es; ( c) an y oth er matt er r e f err ed to th e Fin an ce Co mmi ssion b y th e Gov ernor in th e int e rests of sound fin an ce of th e Mun i cip aliti es. (2) Th e Gov ernor sh all caus e ev er y r e co mme ndation ma d e b y th e Co mmis sion und er this ar ti cle tog eth er with an expl an ator y memo r a ndu m as to th e action t ak en th er eon to b e l aid b efor e th e L egisl atur e of th e St at e . 243 Z. Audi t of a c counts of Muni cipa liti es . —Th e L eg i s l atu r e o f a S t at e ma y , b y l a w, ma k e provis ions wi th r esp ect to th e ma int en an ce of accounts b y th e Muni cip ali ti es an d th e auditing of su ch accounts . 243 ZA . El ect ions to th e Muni cipal iti es .— (1) T h e sup erint ende n c e , d ir e ction and control of th e pr ep ar ation of el ector a l ro lls for , and th e condu ct of , all el ect ions to th e Muni cip ali ti es sh all b e v est ed in th e St at e El ection Co mmi ssion r ef err ed to in arti cl e 243 K. (2) Subj ect to the provision s of this Const itution, th e Leg isl atur e of a S t at e ma y, b y l a w, ma k e provision with r esp ect to all ma t t ers r el a ting to , o r in conn ection with, el ections to the Mun i cip alit i es. 243 ZB . Appli cation to Union territo ri es.—The provision s of this P art sh all appl y to th e Union t erri tori es and sh all , in th eir appli cation to a Union t erri tor y, h av e eff e ct as if th e r ef er en c es to th e Gov e rnor of a St at e w er e r ef er en c es to the Ad ministr a tor of th e Union t erritor y appoin ted und er arti cl e 239 and r ef er en c es to th e Legisl atur e or th e Legislativ e Ass e mb l y of a St at e wer e r ef er en c es in r el a tion to a Union t err itor y h aving a Legisl at iv e Ass e mb l y, to th at Legisl ativ e A ss e mbl y: Provid ed th at th e Pr esid ent may, b y publ i c no tif i c ation , d ir e ct th at th e provis ions of this P art sh all appl y to an y Un ion t err itor y or p art th er eof subj ect to su ch ex ceptions and mod ifi cation s as h e may sp ecif y in th e noti fi c ation . 243 ZC . Pa rt not to apply to certain a r eas .—(1) Nothing in this P art sh all appl y to th e S chedul ed Ar eas r ef err ed to in cl aus e (1) , and th e trib al ar eas r ef err ed to in claus e (2) , of articl e 244 . (2) Nothing in this P art sh all b e constru ed to aff e ct th e fun ct ions and power s of th e Darj eeling Gorkh a Hi ll Coun cil cons tituted und er an y law for th e ti me b eing in for ce for th e hill ar eas of th e distr ict of Darj eeling in th e St at e of W es t B e n g al .
(3) Not withs t anding an ything in this Const itution , Parli a me nt ma y, b y l a w, ext end th e provision s of th is P a rt to th e S ch eduled Ar eas and the trib al ar eas r ef err ed to in claus e (1) subj ect to su ch ex ceptions and mod ifi ca tion s as may be sp ecif i ed in such l a w, and no such l a w sh all b e d eemed to b e an amend ment of thi s Cons titution for th e purposes of arti cle 368. 243 ZD . Co mmi tt ee fo r dist ri ct planni ng.—(1) T h er e sh all b e const itut ed in ev er y St at e at the distr i ct l ev el a Distri ct P l anning Co mmi tt ee to consolid ate the pl ans pr ep ar ed b y th e P an ch a yats and th e Mun ic ip al iti es in th e dis tri ct and to pr ep ar e a dr aft d ev elop me nt pl an for th e distr i ct as a who l e. ( 2 ) Th e L eg is l atu r e o f a S t at e ma y , b y l a w , mak e p r o v i s i o n wi t h r es p e ct t o — (a ) t h e co mp o s i t i o n o f t h e Dis t r i c t P l an n i n g Commi t t e es; (b ) t h e ma nn er in whi ch th e s e ats in su ch Co mmit t e es sh all b e fill ed : Prov id ed th at not l ess th an four-fi fths of th e tot al nu mb er of memb er s of su ch Co mmi tt e e sh all b e el e ct ed b y, and fro m a mo ngst , th e el e ct ed me mb er s of th e P an ch a yat at th e dist ri ct lev el and of th e Muni cip ali ti es in th e distr i ct in proport ion to th e r atio b et w ee n th e popul ation of th e rur al areas and of th e urb an ar e as in th e distr i ct; (c ) t h e fun ctions r el at ing to d istr i ct pl anning whi ch ma y b e assign ed to su ch Co mmi tt ees; (d ) t h e mann er in whi ch th e Chairp er sons o f such Co mmi tt ees sh al l b e c h o s en . (3) Ev er y District Pl anning Commi t t ee sh all , in pr ep aring th e dr aft d ev elop me nt pl an ,— (a ) h av e r eg ard to— (i ) ma t t er s of commo n in t er est be t w e en th e P an ch a yats and th e Muni cip ali ti es in cluding sp ati al pl anning , sh aring of wat er and oth er ph ysi c a l and n atur al r esour c e s, th e int egr at ed d ev elop me nt of infr astru ctur e and environ mental cons erv at ion; (i i ) t h e ex t ent and t yp e of av aila bl e r esour c es w h eth er fin an cia l or oth er wis e; (b ) co nsul t su ch inst itutions and org anis at ions as th e Gov ernor ma y, b y ord er , sp ecif y. (4) Th e Ch a irp erson of ev er y D istr i ct Pl anning C o mmi tt e e sh all for w ard th e d ev elop me nt pl an , a s r e co mme n d ed b y su ch Commi t t e e , to th e G ov ern me nt of th e S t at e . 243 ZE . Co mmi t t ee fo r Met ropoli tan p lanning.—(1) Th er e sh all b e const itut ed in ev er y Metropolitan ar ea a Metropoli t an P l anning Co mmi tt ee to pr ep ar e a dr aft d ev elop ment p l an for th e Metropoli t an area as a whol e. ( 2 ) Th e L eg is l atu r e o f a S t at e ma y , b y l a w , mak e p r o v i s i o n wi t h r es p e ct t o — (a ) t h e co mposition of th e Metropoli t an P l anning Co mmi tt ees; (b ) t h e ma nn er in whi ch th e s e ats in su ch Co mmit t e es sh all b e fill ed : Provid ed th at not l ess th an t wo-th irds of th e memb ers of su ch Co mmi tt ee sh all b e el ect ed b y, and fro m amongst , th e el ect ed memb ers of th e Muni cip a liti es and Ch airp erson s of th e P an ch a yats in th e Metropolit an ar ea in proport ion to the r a tio b et w een th e popul at ion o f th e Muni cip a liti es and of th e P an ch ayats in th at ar ea; ( c) th e r epr es ent at ion in such Co mmi tt ees of the Gov e rn men t of Indi a and th e Gov ern ment of th e St at e and of su ch o rg anis at ions and Ins titu tions as may b e d eemed n ecess ar y for carr ying out th e fun ctions ass ign ed to su ch C o mmi tt e es; (d) th e fun ctions r el at ing to p l anning and coordin at ion for th e Metropoli t an area wh i ch ma y be assign ed to such Co mmit t e es;
( e) th e mann er in whi ch th e Cha irp er sons o f suc h Co mmit t e es sh all b e c h o s en . (3) Ev er y Metropoli t an P l anning Co mmi tt ee shall , in pr ep aring th e dr aft d ev elop me nt pl an ,— (a) h av e r eg ard to— (i) th e pl ans prep ar ed b y th e Muni cip a liti es and th e P an ch a yats in th e Metropoli t an area; (ii) matt er s of co mmon in t er est b et w een th e Muni cip a liti es and th e P an ch a yats , in cluding co-ordin at ed sp ati al pl anning of th e ar ea, sh aring of wat er and o ther ph ysi c al and n atur a l r e sour ces , th e int egr at ed d ev elop me nt of infr a stru ctur e and environ me nta l cons erv at ion; (ii i) th e ov er all obj ectiv es and prior iti es s et b y th e Gov e rn ment of Indi a and th e Gov ern me nt of the St at e; (i v) th e ext ent a nd n atur e of inv est me nts l ik el y to b e ma d e in th e Metropoli t an area b y ag en ci es of th e Gov ern ment of Indi a and of th e Gov ern me nt of th e St at e and other av ail abl e r esour ces wh eth er fin an c i al or oth er wis e; (b) consult su ch inst itutions and org anis at ions as th e Gov ernor ma y, b y ord er , sp ecif y. (4) Th e Ch ai rperson of ev er y Metropoli t an P lanning Co mmi ttee sh all for w ard th e d ev elop me nt pl an , a s r e co mme n d ed b y su ch C o mmi tt e e, to th e Gov e rn men t of t h e S t at e . 243 ZF . Continuan ce of existing law s and Muni cipa liti es . —Not withs t anding an ything in th is P art , an y provision of an y l a w rel at ing to Municip al iti es in force in a St at e i mme di at el y b efo r e th e co mmen cement of th e Constitution (S ev en t yfourth Amend ment) Act , 1992, whi ch is in consist en t wi th the provis ions o f this P art , sh all cont inu e to b e in forc e until a me nd ed or r ep e al ed b y a co mp et en t Legisl atur e o r oth er co mp et ent author it y or un til th e expir a tion of on e year from su ch co mme n c eme n t , whi ch ev er is e arli e r: Provid ed th at all th e Muni cip alit i es existing i mme d i at el y b efore su ch co mmen cement sh al l con tinu e till th e expir ation of th eir dur ation , un l ess soon er dis solv ed b y a resolu tion p ass ed to th at eff e ct by th e Legisl at ive Ass e mb l y o f th at St at e or , in th e cas e of a S tat e h aving a Legis l ativ e Coun cil , b y each House of th e Legisl atur e of th at St at e. 243 ZG . Ba r to int e rf eren ce by cou rts in el ecto ral ma tt ers .— Not withs t anding an ything in this Con stitut ion,— (a) th e v alidi t y of an y l aw r el ating to th e d el imi t at ion of consti tu en ci es or th e allo t men t of s e ats to su ch const itu en ci es , ma d e or purporting to b e mad e und er arti cl e 243 ZA shall not be call ed in qu estion in an y court; (b) no el ection to an y Mun i cip ali t y sh all b e called in qu estion ex cept b y an el ection p et ition pr es ent ed to su ch authorit y and in su ch mann er as is provid ed for b y or und er an y l aw ma d e b y th e Legisl atur e o f a St at e.
PART X THE SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS 244. Ad mi nist ration of S ch edul ed Areas and tribal a r eas . —(1) Th e provis ions of the Fifth S ch edul e sh all appl y to th e ad ministr a tion and con trol of th e S ch edul ed Ar e as and S ch edul ed Trib es in any St at e oth er tha n th e St at es of A ss a m, M egh al aya , Tr ipur a and M i zor a m. (2) Th e prov isions of th e Sixth S ch edul e sh all appl y to th e admi nis tr ation of th e tr ib al ar eas in th e St at es of Ass a m, Megh al aya, Tr ipur a and Mi zor a m. 244 A. Fo rma tion of an au tonomo u s Stat e co mp ris ing certa in t riba l a r eas in Assa m and creation of lo cal Legislatu re o r Coun cil of Minist ers o r both th erefo r.— (1) Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion , Parl i a ment may, b y l a w, for m with in th e St at e of Ass a m an au tonomo us St at e co mpris ing (wh e th er wholl y or in p art) al l or an y of th e trib al ar eas sp ecif i ed in P ar t I of th e t abl e app end ed to p aragr aph 20 of th e Sixth S ch edul e and cr eat e th er efor — (a) a bod y, wh eth er el e ct ed or pa rt l y no min at ed a nd p artl y el e cte d , to fun ct ion as a Legis l atur e for th e autono mous St at e, or (b) a Coun cil of Minist er s, or both with su ch consti tution , po wers and fun ctions , in each cas e , as ma y b e sp ecif i ed in th e l a w. (2) An y su ch l aw a s is r ef err ed to in cl aus e (1) ma y, in p art i cula r ,— (a) sp ecif y th e ma t t ers enu mer at ed in th e St at e List or th e Con curr ent Lis t with r esp ect to whi ch th e Leg isl atu r e of th e autono mous St at e sh all h av e po wer to mak e laws for th e whol e or an y p art ther eof , wh eth er to th e ex clusion of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e of Ass a m or oth er wis e; (b) d efin e th e mat t ers with r esp ect to whi ch the ex ecutiv e po wer of th e autono mous St at e sh al l ext end ; ( c) provid e th at an y t ax l evi ed b y th e St at e of Ass a m sh all b e assign ed to th e autono mous St at e in so f ar as th e pro ceeds th er eof ar e attr ibut abl e to th e autono mous St at e; (d) provid e th at an y r ef er en c e to a S t at e in an y art i cl e o f this Const itution sh al l b e const rued as in cluding a r ef er en ce to the autono mous Stat e; and ( e) mak e su ch suppl ement al , incid ent al and cons equ ent i al p rovision s as ma y b e d e e me d n e c ess ar y. (3) An a me nd me nt of an y su ch l a w as afor es aid in so f ar as su ch a mend me nt r el a t es to an y of th e matt ers sp ec if i ed in sub -cl aus e (a) o r s u b - cl aus e (b) of cl aus e (2) sh al l h av e no eff e ct unl ess th e amendmen t is p ass ed in each Hous e of P arl i a ment b y not l ess th an t wo-th irds of th e me mb ers pr es ent and voting . (4) An y su ch l aw as is r ef err ed to in thi s ar ti cl e sh all not b e d eemed to b e an amen d men t of this Const itution for th e purpos es of arti cl e 368 not with st anding th at i t con t ains an y provision whi ch amends or h as th e eff e ct of amend ing this Consti tution .
P A R T XI R E L A TI O NS BE T W E E N T H E U N I O N AN D TH E S T A T ES C H A P T E R I . —L E G I S L A T I V E R E L A T I O N S Dist ribution of L egis lati ve Powe rs 245. Ext ent of law s ma de by Pa rlia me n t and by th e Leg islatu r es of Stat es . —(1) Subj ect to th e provis ions o f this Consti tution , P arl i a ment ma y ma k e l a ws for th e whol e or an y p art of th e t err itor y of Indi a, and the Legisl atur e of a St at e ma y ma k e l a ws for th e whol e or an y p art of th e St at e. (2) No l a w ma de b y P a rli a me nt sh al l b e d eemed to b e inv alid on th e ground th at i t would h av e extr a-t er ritori al op er at ion. 246. Subj ect - matt er of law s mad e by Pa rlia me nt and by th e Legisla tu r es o f Stat es .— (1 ) Not with st anding an ything in cl aus es (2) and (3) , P arl i a ment h as ex clus iv e po wer to mak e l a ws with r esp ect to any of th e mat t ers enu mer at ed in List I in th e S eventh S ch edul e (in this Const itution r ef err ed to as th e “ Union List”). (2) Notwithst anding an ything in cl aus e (3) , P arli a me nt , and, subj ect to cl aus e (1) , th e Legisl atur e of an y S t at e also , h av e po wer to mak e l a ws with r esp ect to an y of th e mat t ers enu mer at ed in List III in th e S ev enth S ch edul e (in th is Consti tution r eferr ed to as th e “Con curr ent List”) . (3) Subj e ct to cl aus es (1) and (2) , th e L eg isl atur e of an y S t at e h as ex clusiv e po wer to mak e laws for su ch St at e or an y p art ther eof with r esp ec t to an y of th e mat t ers enu mer at ed in List II in th e S ev enth S chedul e (in thi s Const itution r ef err ed to as the “ St at e List ”') . (4) P arli a ment h as po wer to mak e l a ws with r esp ect to an y matter for an y p art of th e t err itor y of Indi a not in clud ed in a St at e not with st anding th at su ch ma tt er is a ma tt er enumer at ed in th e St at e Lis t. 247 . Pow er of Pa rlia me n t to p rovid e fo r th e establ ish ment of certain a d d i t io n a l cou rt s . —No twi thst anding an ything in this Ch apt er , P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w p rovid e for th e est abl ishmen t of an y addit ion al courts for th e b ett er ad minis tr ation of l a ws mad e b y P arl i a ment or of an y ex isting l aws with r esp ect to a ma t t er enu merat ed in th e Union List . 248 . Res idua ry pow e rs of l egislation . —(1) P arli a me nt h as ex clusiv e po wer to ma k e an y l a w with r esp ect to any ma t t er not enumer at ed in th e Con curr ent List or S t at e Lis t. (2) Su ch power sh al l in clud e the power of ma king an y l aw i mposing a t ax not men tion ed in eith er of thos e Lists . 249 . Pow er of Pa rlia me n t to l egis lat e w ith resp ect to a ma tt er in th e Stat e List in th e national int eres t. —(1) Not withs t anding an ything in th e for egoing provis ions of this Ch apt er , if the Coun cil of St at es h as d e cl ar ed b y r esolution support ed b y not l ess th an t wo- thirds of th e me mb ers pr es ent and voting th at i t is n ecess ar y or exp edi ent in th e nation a l int er est th at P ar li a men t should ma k e l aws with r esp ect to an y ma tt er enumer at ed in th e St at e Lis t sp ecified in th e r esolu tion , it shall b e l a wful for P arli a ment to mak e l aws fo r th e who l e o r an y p art of th e t err itor y of Indi a with r esp ect to th at mat t er whil e the r esolut ion r e mains in for c e. (2) A r esolution p ass ed und er cla us e (1) sh all r ema i n in for c e for su ch p eriod not ex c e eding on e ye ar as ma y b e sp e cifi ed th er ein : Provid ed th at, if and so of t en as a r esolut ion approving th e continu an c e in for ce of an y su ch r esolut ion is pass ed in th e ma nn er provid ed in cl aus e (1) , such r esolu tion sh all continu e in for ce for a furth er period of on e year fro m th e d at e on whi ch und er thi s cl aus e it would oth er wis e hav e ceas ed to b e in for ce.
(3) A l aw ma d e b y P arli a me nt whi ch P arl iame nt would not but for th e p assing of a r esolut ion und er cl aus e (1) h av e b e en co mp et ent to ma k e sh all , to th e ext ent of th e in co mp eten cy, ceas e to hav e eff e ct on the expir ation of a p eriod of six mo nths aft er th e r esolut ion h a s ceas ed to b e in for ce, ex cept as r esp ects th ings don e or o mitt ed to b e don e b e fore th e expir ation of th e s aid p eriod . 250 . Pow er of Pa rlia me n t to l egis lat e w ith resp ect to any ma tt er in th e Stat e List if a Pro cla ma tion of Emerg en cy is in op eration . —(1) Not withs t anding an ything in this Ch apt er , P a rli amen t sh all , while a P ro cl a mation of Emerg ency i s in op er ation , hav e power to ma k e l a ws for th e whol e or an y p art of th e t err itor y of Indi a with r esp ect to an y of th e matt ers enu mer at ed in th e S t at e Lis t. (2) A l aw ma d e b y P arli a me nt whi ch P arl iame nt would not but for th e issu e of a Pro cl a ma tion of E me rg enc y ha v e b e en co mp et ent to ma k e sh all , to th e ext ent of th e in co mp et en cy, ceas e to h av e eff e ct on th e expir a tion of a p eriod of six mo nths aft er th e Pro cl a ma tion ha s c e as ed to op er at e , ex c ept as re sp e cts th ings don e or o mitt ed to b e don e b e fore th e expir ation of th e s aid p eriod . 251 . In consist en cy b etw een law s mad e by Parlia me n t und er a rti cl es 249 and 250 and law s mad e by th e Legislatu r es of Stat es .— Noth ing in arti cl es 249 and 250 sh all r estr i ct th e power of th e Legisl atur e of a S t at e to ma k e an y l a w whi ch und er this Consti tution it h as power to ma k e , bu t if an y provis ion o f a l aw ma d e b y th e Legis l atur e of a Stat e is r epugn ant to an y p rovision of a l aw ma d e b y P arl i a ment whi ch P arli a me nt h as und er eith er of th e s aid arti cles po wer to ma ke, th e l a w mad e b y P arli a me nt , whe th er p ass ed b efor e or aft er th e l a w mad e b y th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e, sh all pr ev ai l, and th e law ma d e b y th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e sh all to the ext ent of th e repugn an cy, bu t so long onl y as th e l a w mad e b y P arl i a ment cont inu es to h av e effe c t , b e inop er ativ e . 252 . Pow er of Pa rlia me n t to l egis lat e fo r tw o o r mo re Stat es by cons ent and adoption of su ch l egis lation by any oth e r Sta te.—(1) If i t appears to th e Legisl atur es of t wo or mor e St at es to b e d esir abl e th at an y of the ma t t ers with r esp ect to whi ch P arli a me nt h as no po we r to ma k e l a ws for th e St at es ex cept as provid ed in art icl es 249 and 250 should b e r egul at ed in su ch St at es b y P arl i a me nt b y l a w, and if re solu tions to tha t eff e ct ar e p ass ed b y all th e Hous es of th e Legisl atur es of thos e St at es, i t sh al l b e l a wful for P arli a me nt to p ass an act for r egul ating th at ma t t er accordingl y, and an y Act so p ass ed sh all appl y to su ch St at es and to any oth er St at e b y whi ch it is adopt ed aft er w ards b y r esolut ion p ass ed in th at beh alf b y th e Hous e or , wh er e ther e ar e t wo Hous es , b y each of th e Hous es of th e Le gis l atur e of th at St at e. (2) An y A ct so p ass ed b y P arli ame n t ma y b e a me nd ed or r ep e ale d b y an A ct of P arl i a ment p assed or adopt ed in lik e ma nn er bu t sh all not , as r esp ects an y St at e to whi ch it appli es , b e amend ed or r ep e al ed b y an Act o f th e Legis l atur e of th at S t at e . 253 . Leg islation fo r giving effect to int e rnational ag reemen ts .— Not withs t anding an ything in th e for egoing provision s of th is Chapt er , P arli a me nt h as po wer to mak e an y l aw for th e who l e o r an y p art of th e t erritor y of Indi a for i mpl ementing an y tr eat y, agr e emen t or conven tion with an y other countr y or countr i es o r an y d e cision ma d e at an y int ern at ion al conf er en ce, asso ci ation or oth er bod y. 254 . In consist en cy b etw e en law s mad e by Par lia me n t and law s mad e by th e L e gisla tu r es o f Stat es . —(1) If an y provision of a l a w ma d e b y th e Legisl atur e of a St at e is r epugn ant to an y provis ion of a l a w ma d e b y P a rli a me nt whi ch P arl i a ment i s comp et ent to en act , or to an y provis ion of an exis ting l a w with r esp ect to on e of th e matt ers enu mer at ed in th e Con curr ent List , th en , subj ect to th e provis ions of cl aus e (2) , th e l a w ma d e b y P arl i a ment , wh ether p ass ed b efor e or aft er th e l a w ma d e b y th e Legis l atur e of su ch St at e, or , as th e cas e ma y b e , th e exis ting l a w, shall pr ev ai l and th e l a w mad e b y th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e sh all , to th e ext ent of th e r epugn an cy, b e vo id.
(2) Wh er e a l a w ma d e b y th e Legis l atur e of a Stat e with r esp ect to on e o f th e ma t t ers enu mer at ed in th e Con curr ent Lis t con t ains an y provision r epugn ant to th e provis ions of an earli er l a w ma d e b y P ar li ame n t or an exi sting l a w with r esp ect to th at ma t t er , th en , the l a w so ma d e by th e Legisl ature of su ch S t at e sh al l, if i t h as been r es erv ed for th e consid er at ion of th e Pr esident and h as r e c eiv ed his asse nt , pr ev ail in th at St at e : Provid ed th at nothing in th is claus e sh all pr ev ent P arl i a ment fro m en acting at an y ti me an y l aw with r esp ect to th e s a me matter in clud ing a l aw add ing to, a me n ding , v ar ying or r ep e aling th e l a w so mad e b y th e L egi sl atur e of th e St at e . 255 . Requi reme nts as to reco mmen dations and p r evious san ction s to b e rega rd ed as matt ers of p ro c edu re only .— No A c t o f P ar l i a me n t o r o f t h e Legisl atur e o f a St at e, and no provis ion in an y su ch Act , sh all b e inv alid b y r e ason onl y th at so me r e co mme nd ation or pr evious s an ction r equir ed b y this Consti tution was not giv en , if ass ent to th at Act was g iv en— (a) wh er e th e r eco mmend ation requir ed was th at of th e Gov ernor , eith er b y th e Gov ernor or b y th e P r esid en t; (b) wh er e th e r eco mmend ation requir ed was th at of th e Rajpr a mukh , eith er b y th e Rajpr a mukh or b y th e Pr esid en t; ( c) wh er e th e r eco mme nd ation or pr evious s an ction r equir ed was th at of th e Pr esid en t, by th e Pr esid ent . C H A P T E R I I. — A D M I N I S T R A T I V E R E L A T I O N S G e n er a l 256 . Obl igation of Stat es and th e Union .— Th e e x e cu t i v e p o w er o f ev er y St at e sh a ll b e so e x er cis ed as to e nsur e co mpli anc e w ith th e l a ws ma d e b y P arl i a ment and a n y exist ing l a ws whi ch appl y in th at St at e , and th e ex e cutiv e po wer of th e Union sh al l ext end to th e giving of su ch dir e ction s to a S t at e as ma y app e ar to th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a to b e n ecessar y for th at purpos e. 257 . Cont ro l of th e Un ion ov er Stat es in certain cas es .—(1) Th e ex ecutiv e po w er of ev e r y St at e sh a ll b e so e x er cis ed as not to i mp ed e or pr ejud i c e th e ex er cis e of th e ex ecutiv e po wer of th e Un ion, and th e ex ecutiv e po we r of th e Union sh all ext end to th e giving of su ch d ir e ctions to a St at e as ma y app ear to th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a to b e necess ar y for th at purpos e. (2) Th e ex ecutiv e power of th e Union sh all also ext end to th e giving of dir e ctions to a St at e as to th e constru c tion and ma i nt en an ce of mean s of co mmun i cation d e cl ar ed in th e dir ection to b e of n ation al or mil it ar y i mport ance: Provid ed th at nothing in th is claus e sh all b e t ak en as r estri cting th e power of P arl i a ment to d ecl ar e high ways or wat er w ays to b e n a tion al high ways or n a tional wat er w ays or the power of th e Union with r espect to th e high wa ys or wa t er w ays so d e cl ar ed or th e power of th e Union to constru ct and maint ain mean s of c o mmun i c ation a s p art of its fun ction s wi th r e sp e ct to n av al , mil it ar y and a ir for ce works . (3) Th e ex ecutiv e power of th e Union sh all also ext end to th e giving of dir e ctions to a St at e as to th e measur es to b e t ak en for th e protection of th e r ai lways with in th e St at e. (4) Wh er e in carr ying out an y dir e ct ion g iven to a S t at e und er claus e (2) as to th e constru c tion or ma int en an c e of an y means of co mmun ication or und er cl ause (3) as to th e measur es to b e t aken for th e prot ec tion of an y r ailway, cos ts h av e b e en in curr ed in e x c ess of thos e w hi ch would h av e b e en in curr ed in th e dis ch arg e of th e nor ma l duti e s of th e St ate if su ch dir e ction h ad no t b e en giv en , th er e shall b e p aid b y th e G ov ern me nt of Indi a to th e St at e su ch su m as ma y b e ag r e ed, or , in d ef aul t of agreemen t , as ma y b e d et er min ed by an arbitr ator appoint ed b y th e Chi ef Just i c e o f Indi a, in r esp ect of th e extr a cost s so in cur r ed b y th e St at e.
2 5 7 A . [ As sistance to Stat es b y d eplo y ment of ar med for c es or oth er for ces o f th e Union . ] Rep. b y th e Const itution (F or t y-fourth Amendmen t ) Act , 1 9 7 8 , s . 3 3 ( w.e. f. 2 0 - 6 - 1 9 7 9 ) . 258 . Pow er of th e Union to conf er pow e rs, etc., on Stat es in certain cas es . — (1) Not withs t anding an ything in this Const itution , th e P r esid ent may, with th e cons ent of th e Gov ern me nt of a St at e, entrus t eith er condit ion all y or un condit ion all y to th at Gov ern me nt or to its off icers fun ct ions in r el at ion to any mat t er to whi ch th e ex ecutiv e power of th e Union ext ends . (2) A l aw ma d e b y P arli a me nt whi ch appli es in an y St at e ma y, not with st anding th at i t re l at es to a ma t t er wi th re sp e ct to whi ch th e L egisl a tur e of th e St at e h as no po we r to ma k e l a ws , conf er po wers and i mpos e duti es , or author is e th e conf err ing of powers and th e i mposi tion of du ties , upon th e S t at e or offi cer s and author iti es th er eof . (3) Wh er e b y virtu e of thi s ar ti cl e po wers and duti e s h av e b e en conf err ed or i mpos ed upon a St at e or off icers or authorit i es th er eof , th er e shall b e p aid b y the Gov ern me nt of Indi a to th e St at e su ch su m as ma y b e ag r e ed, or , in d ef aul t of agr eement , as ma y b e d e t er min ed b y an arb itr ator appoint ed b y th e Chi ef Just i ce of Indi a, in r espect of an y extr a costs of ad ministr a tion in curr ed b y th e St at e in conn ection with th e ex er cis e of thos e po wers and duti es . 258 A. Pow er of th e Stat es to ent rust fun ct ions to th e Un ion.— Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion , the Gov e rnor o f a St at e may, wi th th e cons ent of th e Gov e rn men t of Indi a, entrust eith er condit ion all y or un condit ion all y to th at Gov ern me nt or to its off icers fun ct ions in r el at ion to any ma t t er to whi ch th e ex ecutiv e power of th e S t at e ext ends . 259 . [Armed For c es in Stat es in Part B o f the Fir st S ch edu l e.] R e p . b y th e Consti tution (S ev enth Amendment ) Act , 1 9 5 6 , s . 2 9 and S ch . 260 . J urisdi ction of th e Un ion in relat ion to territo ri es out sid e India .— Th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a ma y b y agreemen t with th e Govern men t of an y t erri tor y not b eing p art of the t erri tor y of Indi a und ert ak e an y ex ecutiv e, l egis l ativ e or judi ci al fun ctions v est ed in th e Gov ern me nt of su ch t err itor y, but ev er y su ch a gr e e me nt sh all b e subj e ct to , and gov ern ed b y, a n y l aw r e la ting to th e ex er cise of for eign jur isdi ct ion for th e ti me b eing in force. 261 . Pub li c a cts , reco rds and judi cia l p ro ceedings . —(1) Full faith and cr edit sh al l b e giv en throughout th e t erri tor y of Indi a to publi c acts , records and judi ci al pro ceedings of th e Union and o f ev er y St at e. (2) Th e mann er in whi ch and the condition s und er whi ch th e acts , r e cords and pro c e edings r efe rr ed to in cl ause (1) sh all b e prov ed and th e ef fe c t th er eof d et er min ed sh all b e as provid ed b y l aw ma d e b y P arli a me nt . (3) Fin al judg me nts or ord ers deliv er ed or p assed b y civil courts in an y p art of th e t err itor y of Indi a sh al l b e ca p abl e of ex ecution an ywh er e within th at t erritory according to l aw.
Disput es r e lating to Wa t ers 262 . Adjud i cation of disput es re lat ing to w aters of int e r-State riv e rs o r riv er vall eys . —(1) P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w provid e for th e adjudi cat ion of an y dispu t e or co mpl ain t wi th r e sp ec t to th e us e, d istr ibution or contro l of th e waters of , or in, an y int er-S t at e riv er or riv er v al ley. (2) Not withs t anding an ything in this Const itution , Parli a me nt ma y b e l aw provid e th at n eith er th e Supr eme Court nor an y oth er court sh all ex er cis e jur isdi ction in resp ect of an y such disput e or comp l aint as is r eferr ed to in cl ause (1) . Co-ordina tion bet w een Stat es
263 . Prov isions w ith resp ect to an int e r-Stat e Coun cil .—If at an y ti me it app e ars to th e Pr esid en t th at th e publi c int er e sts would b e s erv ed b y th e est ab lish ment of a Coun cil ch arged with th e dut y of— (a ) i nqui ring into and adv ising upon disput es whi ch ma y h av e aris en b et w e en St at es; (b ) i nv es tig ating and d is cussing subj ects in whi ch so me or all of th e St at e s, or th e Union and on e o r mo r e of th e St at es , h av e a co mmo n int er est ; or (c ) ma k ing r e comme n d a tions upon an y su ch subj ect and , in p arti cul ar, r e co mmend ations for th e b ett er co-ordin ation of poli c y and action with r esp ect to th at sub ject, it sh all be l a wful for th e Pr esid ent b y ord er to est ab lish su ch a Coun cil , and to d efin e th e n ature of th e duti es to b e p e rfor me d b y it and its orga nis a tion and p r o c ed u r e .
P A R T XII F I N AN C E , P ROP E R TY , CO N TR A C TS A ND S U I TS C H A P T E R I . —F I N A N C E G e n er a l 264 . Int e rp retation . —In this Part , “Fin an ce Commi s sion ” means a Fin an ce Co mmi ssion const itut ed und er art i cl e 280. 265 . Tax es not to b e i mpo s ed sav e by au tho rity of law .— No ta x sh all b e l ev i ed o r col l e c t e d ex c ep t b y au t h o r i t y o f l a w . 266 . Conso lidated Funds and publi c a c counts of India and of th e Stat es .— (1) Subj ect to the provision s of art i cl e 267 and to th e provision s of this Ch apt er with r esp ect to th e assign me nt of th e whol e or part of th e n et pro ceeds of cert ain t ax es and duti es to St at es , all r ev enu es r e c eiv ed b y th e Gov ernme n t of Indi a , all lo ans r ai s ed b y th at Gov ern ment b y th e issu e of tr easur y bi lls , lo ans or ways and me an s adv ances and all mon e ys r eceiv ed b y th at Govern men t in r ep a yment of lo ans sh al l for m on e con solid at ed fund to b e en tit l ed “th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a ” , and a ll re v enu es r e c eiv ed b y th e Gov ernme n t of a S ta t e, a ll lo ans r ais ed b y th at Gov ernmen t b y th e issue of tr easur y bills , lo ans or ways and means a dv an c es and a ll mon e ys r e c eive d b y th at Gov ern me nt in r ep a yme n t of lo ans sha ll for m on e con solid at ed fund to be entit l ed “ th e Consolid at ed Fund of th e St at e”. (2) All oth er publi c mo n e ys r e ce iv ed b y or on beh alf of th e Govern me nt of Indi a or th e Govern me nt of a S t at e sh al l b e cr edit ed to th e publi c account of Indi a or th e publi c account of the St at e, as th e ca s e ma y b e . (3) No mon e ys out of th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a or th e Consol id at ed Fund of a St at e sh all b e appropri at ed ex cept in accordan ce with l a w and for th e purpos es and in th e ma nn er p rovid ed in thi s Const itution . 267 . Cont ing ency Fund. —(1) Parl i a ment ma y by l a w est ablish a Conting en c y Fund in th e n atur e of an i mp rest to b e en titl ed “th e Conting en c y Fund of Ind i a” into whi ch sh all b e p a id fro m t ime t o ti me su ch su ms as may b e d et er min ed b y su ch l a w , and the s aid Fund sh all b e pl a c ed at the dispos al of the Pr esid ent to en abl e adv an c es to b e ma d e b y hi m out of su ch Fund for th e purpos es of meeting unfor es een exp enditu r e p ending author is ation of su ch exp enditur e b y P arli a me nt b y l a w und er ar ti cl e 115 or arti cl e 116 . (2) Th e Leg isl atur e of a S t at e ma y b y l aw es t ablish a Conting ency Fund in th e n atur e of an i mpr est to b e enti tled “th e Contingen c y Fund o f the St at e” into w hi ch sh all b e pa id fro m ti me to ti me su ch su ms a s ma y b e d et ermi n ed b y su ch l a w, and th e s aid Fund sh all b e pl aced at th e dispos al of th e Gov ernor of th e St at e to en abl e adv an c es to b e ma d e b y hi m out of su ch Fund for th e purpos es of me et ing unfor eseen exp enditur e p ending authoris at ion of su ch exp enditu r e b y the Legisl atur e o f th e St at e b y l a w und er arti cl e 205 or arti cl e 206 . Dist ribution of Revenu es b et w ee n th e Un ion and th e Stat es 268 . Dut i es l evied by th e Union but coll ect ed and app rop riated by th e Stat es . —(1) Such st amp duti es and su ch duti es of ex cis e on medi cin a l and to il et pr ep ar at ions as ar e me ntion ed in th e Un ion List sh all b e l evi ed b y th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a but sh all be coll ect ed — (a ) i n th e cas e wh er e su ch du ties ar e l evi abl e within an y Union t erri tor y, b y th e Gov e rn me nt of Indi a, and (b ) i n oth er cas es , b y th e S t at es within whi ch such duti es ar e r esp ectiv el y l evi ab l e. (2) Th e pro c eeds in an y fin an cial year of an y su ch dut y l evi able within an y St at e sh all no t for m p art of th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a, bu t sh al l b e ass ign ed to th at St at e.
269 . Tax es l ev ied and co ll ect ed by th e Union but assign ed to th e Stat es .— (1) Tax es on th e s al e or pur ch ase of goods and tax es on th e consign ment of goods sh al l b e l evi ed and coll ect ed b y th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a but shall b e assign ed a nd sh all b e d e eme d to h av e b e en assign ed to the St at es on or aft er th e 1st d a y of April , 1996 in th e mann er prov id ed in cl aus e (2) . Explanation . —For th e purpos es of this cl au s e,(a) th e expr ess ion "t ax es on th e s al e or pur ch ase of goods" sh all mean t ax es on s al e or pur ch as e of goods oth er th an n ewsp ap ers , wh er e su ch s al e or pur ch as e t ak es pl ace in th e cours e of int er -St ate tr ad e or co mme r c e; (b) th e expr ess ion "t ax es on th e consign ment of goods" sh al l mean t ax es on th e consign ment of goods ( wh eth er th e consign ment is to th e p erson mak ing it or to an y oth er p erson) , wh er e su ch consign ment t ak es pl ace in th e cours e of int e r-St at e tr ad e or co mme r c e . (2) Th e n et pro ceeds in an y fin an ci al year of any su ch t ax , ex cept in so f ar as thos e pro ceeds repr es en t pro c eeds attr ibut ab l e to Un ion t errito ri es , sh all not for m p art of th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a, but sh all b e assign ed to th e St at es with in whi ch th at t ax is l evi ab l e in th at year , and sh all b e d istribu t ed amo ng thos e St at es in accordan ce with su ch prin cipl es of distr ibution as ma y b e for mu l at ed by P arl i a ment b y l aw . (3) P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w formu l at e prin cip l es for d et er mining when a s al e or pur ch as e of , or consign ment of , goods t ak es pl ace in th e cours e of int er-S t at e tr ad e or co mme rce. 270 . Tax es l ev ied and d ist ribut ed b etw een th e Union and th e Stat es .—(1 ) All t ax es and duti e s r e f err ed to in th e Un ion List, ex cep t th e du ties and t ax es r ef err ed to in arti cl es 268 and 269 , r esp ectiv el y, sur ch arg e on tax es and duti es r ef err ed to in arti cl e 271 and any cess l evi ed for sp ecif i c purpos es und er an y l aw ma d e b y P ar li ame n t sh all b e l evi ed and coll e cte d b y th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a and sh al l b e dis tribut ed b et w een th e Union and th e St at es in the ma nn er provid ed in cl aus e (2) . ( 2 ) S u ch p er c ent ag e , as ma y b e p r es cr i b ed, o f t h e n et p r o c e ed s o f an y s u ch t ax or dut y in an y fin an ci al year sh all not for m p art of th e Consolidat ed Fund of Indi a, but sh all b e assign ed to th e St at es within whi ch th at t ax or dut y is l evi ab l e in th at year , and sh all b e dist ribut ed among those St at es in su ch ma n n er and f rom su ch ti me a s may b e p r es crib ed in th e ma nn er p rovid ed in cl aus e (3) . (3) In this ar ti cle, "pr es cr ib ed" mean s , — (i) unt il a F in ance Co mmis sion h as b e en constitut ed , pr es crib ed b y th e Pr esid en t b y orde r , and (i i) aft er a F in an ce Co mmis sion h as b e en cons titut ed , pr es crib ed b y th e Pr esid en t b y order aft er consid ering th e r e co mmend ation s of th e Fin an c e C o mmi ssion . 271 . Surcha rg e on certain duties and tax es for pu rpos es of th e Union .— Not withs t anding an ything in articl es 269 and 270 , Parli a me nt ma y at an y ti me in cr eas e an y of th e duti e s or t axes r ef err ed to in thos e arti cl es by a sur ch arg e for purpos es of th e Union and th e whol e pro c eeds of an y su ch sur charg e sh all for m p art of th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a. 272 . [ Ta x es wh ich ar e l e vi ed and coll ect ed b y th e Un ion and ma y b e dis tribut ed b et ween th e Un ion and th e Stat es .] —Rep . b y th e Const itution (E i ght i eth A m end m ent ) A c t , 2000 , s .4 . 273 . Grants in li eu of expo rt duty on jut e and jut e p rodu cts .— (1) Th er e sh al l b e ch arg ed on th e Conso lidat ed Fund of Indi a in each year as gr ants-in - aid o f t h e r ev en u es o f t h e S t at es o f A s s a m, Bih ar , Ori s s a and W es t B e n g al , i n l i eu o f assign me nt of an y sh ar e of th e n et pro ceeds in each year of export dut y on jut e and jut e produ cts to thos e St at es, su ch su ms as ma y b e pr es cribed .
(2) Th e su ms so pr es crib ed sh all continu e to b e c h arg ed on th e C onsolid a t ed Fund of Indi a so long as an y export dut y on jut e or jut e produ ct s continu es to b e l evi ed b y th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or until th e expir a tion o f t en years fro m th e co mmen cement of this Const itution whi ch ev er is earli e r. (3) In this ar ti cle, th e exp r ession “p r es crib ed ” h as th e s a me meaning as in a rt i cl e 270 . 274 . Prio r recommen dat ion of Presid ent required to Bills affecting taxat ion in w hich Stat es a r e int erest ed .— (1) No Bil l or amend ment which i mpos es or v ari es an y t ax or dut y in whi ch St at es ar e in t er est ed , or wh i ch vari es th e meaning of th e expr ession “ agri cultu r al in co me” as d ef ined for th e purpos es of th e en act ments r el a ting to Indi an inco me-t ax , or whi ch aff e ct s th e prin cipl es on whi ch und er an y of th e for egoing provision s of thi s Ch apt e r mon e ys ar e or ma y b e distr ibut abl e to St at es, or whi ch i mpos es an y su ch sur ch arg e for th e purpos es of th e Union as is me ntion ed in th e for egoing provis ions o f this Ch apt er , sh all be int rodu ced or mov ed in eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt ex cept on the r e co mme nd at ion of th e Pr esid en t. (2) In this ar ti cle , th e exp r ession “ t ax or dut y in whi ch S t at es ar e int er e st ed ” me a n s— (a) a t ax or dut y th e wh o l e o r p art of th e n et proceeds wh er eof ar e a ssign ed to an y St at e ; o r (b) a t ax or dut y b y r ef er en c e to th e n et pro c e eds wh er eof su ms a r e for th e ti me b eing p a yabl e out of th e Consol id at ed Fund of Indi a to any St at e. 275 . Grants f rom t h e Union to certain Stat es .— (1) Such su ms as P arli a ment ma y b y l a w provid e sh al l b e charg ed on th e Consol id at ed Fund of Indi a in each year as gr ants- in- aid of th e r evenu es of su ch Stat es as P arl iame nt ma y d e t er mine to b e in n e ed of a ssi st an c e , an d diff e r ent su ms ma y b e f ixed for diff er en t S t at es: Provid ed th at ther e sh all b e p aid out of th e Consol id at ed Fund of Indi a as gr ants -in- aid of th e r ev enu es of a St at e su ch c apit a l and r e curr ing su ms a s ma y b e n ecess ar y to en abl e th at St ate to meet th e cost s of su ch s ch eme s of d ev elop ment as ma y b e und ert aken b y th e S t at e with th e approval of th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a for th e purpos e of pro moting th e welf ar e of th e S ch edul ed Trib es in th at Stat e or r ais ing the l ev el of ad minis tr ation of th e S ch edul ed Ar eas th er ein to th at of th e ad ministr ation of th e r est of th e ar eas of th at St at e: Provid ed fur th er th at th er e sh al l b e p aid out of th e Consolid at ed Fund of Ind i a as gr ants- in- aid of th e r ev enu es of th e St at e of Ass a m su ms, capit a l and r e cur r i n g , eq u i v a l en t t o — (a) th e av er ag e ex cess of exp enditu r e ov er th e rev enu es during th e t wo years i mmed i at el y pr eceding th e co mmen cement of this Consti tution in r esp ect of th e ad ministration of th e tr ibal ar eas sp ecif i ed in P art I of the t abl e app end ed to p aragr aph 20 of th e Sixth S ch edul e; and (b) th e costs of su ch s ch e me s of d ev elop me nt as ma y b e und ert ak en b y th at St at e with th e approv al of th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a for th e purpos e of r aising th e l ev el of ad mini str ation of the s aid ar eas to th at of th e ad minis tr ation of th e r est of th e ar e as of th at St at e . (1 A) On and from t h e for mation of th e autono mous St at e und er art i cl e 244 A,— (i) an y su ms p ayabl e und er cl aus e (a) of th e s econd proviso to cl aus e (1) sh al l, if th e autono mous St at e co mpris es al l th e trib al ar eas r eferr ed to th er ein, b e p aid to th e autono mous St at e, and , if th e autono mous St at e co mpris es onl y so me of thos e trib al ar eas , b e apport ion ed b et w ee n th e St at e of A ss a m and th e autono mous St ate a s th e Pr esid ent ma y, b y ord er , sp e cif y; (i i) th er e sh all be p aid out of the Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a as gr ants- inaid of th e r ev enu es of th e autono mous St at e sums , cap it al and r e curr ing, e quiv al en t to the c osts of su ch s ch e me s of d ev elop me nt as ma y b e und ert ak en
b y th e autono mous St at e with th e approv al of th e Gov e rn men t of Indi a for th e purpos e of r ais ing th e l ev el of ad minis tr ation of th at St at e to that of th e ad minis tr ation of th e r est of th e St at e of Ass a m. (2) Until prov ision is mad e b y P arl i a ment und er cl aus e (1) , th e po wers c onf err ed on P arl i a ment und er th at cl aus e sh al l b e ex er cis abl e by th e Pr esid ent b y ord er and any ord er mad e b y th e Pr esid ent und er this cl au se sh al l h av e eff e ct subj ect to an y provis ion so ma de b y P a rli a me nt: Provid ed th a t aft er a Fin an c e Commi s sion h as b ee n consti tut ed no ord er sh all b e mad e und er this cl aus e b y the Pr esid ent ex c ept aft er consid ering th e r e co mme nd ations of th e Fin an c e Co mmis sion . 276 . Tax es on prof ess ions, t rades , callings and emp l oy me nts .— (1) Not withs t anding an ything in arti cle 246 , no l a w of th e Leg isl atu r e of a St at e r el a ting to t ax es for th e b en efit of th e St at e or of a mun i cip alit y, d istri c t bo ard , lo cal bo ard or oth er lo cal authori t y th er ein in resp ect of prof ession s, tr ad es , call ings or emplo yme nts sh all be inv alid on th e ground th at it r el at e s to a t ax on in co me. (2) Th e tot al amo unt p a yabl e in r esp ect of an y on e p e rson to th e St at e or to an y on e muni cipali t y, di stri ct board , lo cal bo ard or oth er lo cal au thor it y in th e St at e b y way o f t ax es on prof essions , tr ad es , calling s and employmen ts sh all not ex ceed t wo thous and and fiv e hundr ed rup e es p er annu m. (3) Th e po w er of th e L egisl atur e of a S t at e to ma k e l aw s as afor es aid with r esp ect to t ax es on prof ession s, tr ad es , call ings and emp lo ymen ts sh all not b e constru ed as l i mit ing in an y way th e power of P arl i a ment to make l a ws with r esp ect to t ax es on in co me accruing fro m or arising out of prof ess ions, tr ad es, call ings and emplo yme nts . 277. Saving s.— An y t ax es , duti e s, cess es or fees whi ch , i mme di at el y b efo r e th e co mmen c ement of this Consti tution , wer e being l a wfull y l evi ed b y th e Gov ern me nt of an y St at e or b y an y mun i cip ali ty or oth er lo cal author it y or body for th e purpos es of th e St at e, muni cip a lit y, distri ct or oth er lo ca l ar ea ma y, not with st anding th at thos e t ax es, du ti es , cess es or f e es ar e men tion ed in th e Union List , continu e to b e l evi ed and to b e appli ed to th e s a me purpos es unt il provis ion to th e contr ar y is ma de b y P a rli a me nt b y l a w. 278 . [Ag r e em en t with Stat es in Part B of th e Firs t S ch edul e with r egard to certa in finan cial matt ers .] Rep . b y th e Constitu tion (S eventh Amend m ent ) Act , 1956 , s . 29 and S ch . 2 7 9 . Cal cu l a ti o n o f “ n et p ro c e e d s ” , et c. —(1) In th e for egoing provision s of thi s Ch apt e r, “net pro ceeds ” means in r el at ion to an y t ax o r du ty th e pro ceeds th er eof r edu ced b y th e cost of coll ection , and for th e purpos es of thos e provis ions th e net pro c eeds of an y t ax or dut y, or of an y p a rt of an y t ax or du ty, in or attr ibut able to an y ar ea shall b e as cert ain ed and certifi ed b y th e Co mptroll er and Auditor- Gen er al of Indi a, who se certif i c at e sh all b e fin al . (2) Subj ect as afor es aid, and to an y oth er expr ess provi sion o f this Ch apt er , a l a w mad e b y P arl i a ment or an ord er of th e Pr esid ent ma y, in any cas e wh er e und er this P ar t th e pro ceeds of an y dut y or t ax ar e, or ma y b e , ass igned to an y St at e, provid e for th e ma nner in whi ch th e p ro ceeds ar e to b e ca l cul at ed, for the ti me fro m or at whi ch and th e ma nn er in whi ch an y p a ymen ts are to b e ma d e , for th e ma king of ad jus t men ts b e tween on e fin an ci al year an d another , and fo r an y oth er in ciden t al or an cill ar y ma tt ers. 280. Finan ce Co mmi s sion .—(1) Th e P r esid ent sh al l, with in t wo ye ars fro m th e co mmen c ement of this Consti tution and th ereaft er at th e expir a tion of ev er y fif th year or at su ch earli er t i me as th e Pr esid ent consid er s n ecess ar y, b y ord er const itut e a F inan c e Co mmis sion whi ch sh all consi st o f a Ch airman and four oth er memb ers to b e appo int ed b y th e Pr esid ent.
(2) P arli a ment may b y l a w d et er min e th e qu alifi c at ions wh ich sh all b e r equis it e for appoint me nt as me mb ers of th e Commi s sion and the ma nn er in whi ch th ey sh all b e s el e ct ed . (3) It sh all b e th e dut y of th e Co mmi ssion to mak e r e co mmendation s to the Pr esid en t as to— (a) th e dis tribution b et w een th e Union and th e St at es of th e n et pro ceeds of t ax es whi ch ar e to b e , or ma y b e, div id ed b e tw e e n th e m und er this Ch apt er and th e allo cat ion b et w een th e St at es of th e r esp ectiv e sh ar es of su ch pro c eeds; (b) th e p rin cipl es whi ch should gov ern th e gr ants- in- aid of th e r ev enu es of th e St at es out of th e Con solidat ed Fund of Indi a; (bb) th e me a sur es n e ed ed to aug me nt th e Con solid a t ed Fund of a St at e to suppl ement th e r esour ces of th e P an ch a yats in th e St at e on th e b asis of th e r e co mme nd ations ma d e b y th e Fin an ce Co mmi ssion of th e St at e; ( c) th e me asures n e ed ed to aug ment th e Con solid at ed Fund of a St at e to suppl ement th e r esour ces of th e Mun i cip alit i es in th e St at e on th e b asis of th e r e co mme nd ations ma d e b y th e Fin an ce Co mmi ssion of th e St at e; (d) an y oth e r mat t er r ef err ed to th e Co mmi ssion b y th e P r esident in th e int e r ests of sound fin an c e. (4) Th e Co mmi ss ion sh all d et ermi n e th eir pro c edur e and sh all hav e su ch po wers in th e p erfor man ce of their fun ct ions as P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w con f er on th em. 281. Reco mme ndation s of th e Finan c e Co mmi ss ion.— Th e Pr esid en t sh a ll c a us e ev er y r e co mme nd a tion ma d e b y th e F in an c e Co mmis sion und er th e provis ions of this Const itution tog eth er with an expl an ato ry me mo r andu m as to th e a ction t ak en th er eon to b e l aid b efor e e a ch H ous e of Pa rli ame n t . Mis c ellan eou s Finan cia l Pro v isions 282. Exp enditu re d ef rayabl e by th e Un ion or a S tat e ou t of its rev enu es .— Th e Un ion or a St at e ma y ma k e an y gr ants for an y publi c purpos e, not with st anding th at th e purpose is not on e with r esp ect to which P arli a me nt or t h e L eg i s l a t u r e o f t h e S t at e , as t h e c as e ma y b e, ma y ma k e l aws . 283. Custody , et c., of Consol idat ed Funds , Conting en cy Funds and mon eys credit ed to th e publ ic a c counts.—(1) Th e custod y of th e Con solid at ed Fund of Indi a and th e Conting en c y Fund of Indi a, th e paymen t of mon eys into su ch Funds , th e withdr awal of mon eys th er efro m, the custod y of publi c mon e ys other th an thos e cr edit ed to su ch Funds r eceiv ed b y or on b eh alf of the Gov e rn men t of Indi a, th eir p a ymen t into th e publi c account of Indi a and th e withdr awal of mo n e ys fro m such account and all oth e r ma tt ers conn ect ed with or an cill ar y to ma t t ers afor es aid sh all b e r egulat ed b y l a w ma de b y P a rli a me nt , and, unt il provis ion in th at b eh alf is so ma d e , sh all b e r egul at ed b y rul es ma d e b y th e Pr esid en t. (2) Th e cus tod y of th e Con solidat ed Fund of a St at e and th e Conting en c y Fund of a St at e, th e paymen t of mon eys into su ch Funds , th e withdr aw al of mon e ys th er ef ro m, th e custod y of publi c mon e ys o th er th an thos e cr edited to su ch Funds r eceiv ed b y or on b eh alf of th e Gov ern ment of th e St at e, th eir paymen t into th e publi c account of th e St at e and th e withdr awal of mon e ys fro m su ch account and all oth e r matt ers conn ect ed with or an cill ar y to mat t ers afor es aid sh al l b e r egul at ed b y l aw ma d e b y th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e, and, unti l p rovision in th at b eh alf is so ma de , sh all b e r egula t ed b y rul es ma d e b y th e Gov ernor of th e St at e . 284. Custody of suito rs ' d epo sits and oth e r mon eys receiv ed by publi c s e rvants and cou rts .—Al l mon eys r eceiv ed b y or d eposit ed with— (a) an y off i cer emp lo yed in conn ection with the aff airs of th e Union or of a St at e in his cap acit y as su ch , o th er th an r ev enu es or public mon e ys r a is ed
or r eceiv ed b y th e Gov e rn men t of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of th e St at e, as th e c a s e ma y b e , o r (b) an y cour t within th e t er ritor y of Indi a to th e cr edit of an y caus e, ma t t er , a c co u n t o r p er s o n s , sh al l b e p aid into th e publi c account of Indi a or th e publi c account of St at e, as t h e c as e ma y b e. 285. Ex emp tion of p rop erty of th e Union f rom S t at e taxa tion .—(1 ) Th e prop ert y of th e Union sh all , s ave in so f ar as P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w o th er wis e provid e , b e exemp t fro m all t axes i mpos ed b y a St at e or b y an y authori t y with in a S t at e . (2) Noth ing in cl aus e (1) sh al l, until P ar li a ment b y l a w o th er wis e provid es , pr ev ent an y authori t y wi thin a St at e fro m l ev ying an y t ax on an y prop ert y of th e Union to wh i ch su ch prop ert y was i mmed i at el y b efor e th e co mmen cemen t of this Consti tution li abl e or tr eat ed as li abl e , so long as th at t ax continu es to b e l evi ed in th at St at e. 286. Rest ri ctions as to i mp osition of tax on the sal e o r pu rchas e of goods .— (1) No l a w o f a St ate sh all i mpos e, or author is e th e i mposi tion of, a t ax o n t h e s al e o r p u r ch as e o f g o o d s wh er e s u ch s a l e o r p u r ch as e t ak es p l a c e — (a) ou tsid e th e St at e; or (b) in th e cou rs e of th e i mport of th e goods into , or export of th e goods out of , th e t erritor y of Indi a. (2) P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w formu l at e prin cip l es for d et er mining when a s al e or pur ch as e of goods t ak es pl ace in an y o f th e ways me ntion ed in cl aus e (1) . (3) An y l aw of a St at e sh all , in so f ar as it i mpos es , or authoris es th e i mposi tion of,— (a) a t ax on the s al e or pur ch as e of goods d e clar ed b y P arli a me nt b y l a w to b e of sp e ci al i mport an c e in int er-S t at e tr ad e or co mme r c e ; or (b) a t ax on the s al e or pur ch as e of goods , b e ing a t ax o f the natur e r ef err ed to in sub- cl aus e (b) , sub- cl aus e ( c) or sub- cl aus e (d) of c l aus e (29 A) o f art i c l e 3 6 6 , b e subj ect to such r estr i ctions and condition s in r eg ard to th e s yst em of l ev y, r at es and oth er in cid ent s of th e tax as P arli a me nt ma y b y l a w specif y. 2 8 7 . Ex e mp ti o n f ro m t a x es o n e l e ct ri ci ty . —Sa v e in so f ar as P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w o th er wise provid e , no law of a St at e sh all i mpos e, or author is e th e i mposi tion of, a t ax on th e con su mption or s al e of el ectr i cit y ( wh eth er produ ced b y a Gov ern me nt or oth er p ersons) whi ch is — (a) con su med b y th e Gov e rn me nt of Indi a, or sold to th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a for consump tion b y th at Gov ern me nt; or (b) con su med in th e constru ct ion , ma in t en an c e or op er ation of an y r ai lway b y th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or a r ail way co mp an y op erating th at r ai lway, or sold to th at Gov ernme n t or an y su ch r ail way co mp an y for consu mption in th e constru c tion, ma in t en an c e or op er ation of an y r ail way, and an y su ch l aw i mpo sing , or author ising th e i mposi tion of, a t ax on th e s al e of el ect ri cit y sh all s e cur e th at th e pri ce of el ectr i cit y so ld to the Gov ern ment of Indi a for consump tion b y th at Gov ern me nt , or to an y su ch r ailway co mp an y as afor es aid fo r consu mption in the constru ct ion, ma i n t en an ce or op er at ion of an y r ai lway, sh all be l ess b y th e amount of th e t ax th an th e pri ce ch arg ed to oth er consu mers of a subs tan ti al qu anti t y o f el ect ri cit y. 288 . Ex emp tion f ro m taxat ion by Stat es in resp ect of w at e r or el ect ri ci ty in certain cas es . —(1) S av e in so fa r as th e Pr eside nt ma y b y ord er oth er wis e provid e , no l a w of a St at e in force i mme d i at el y b efor e th e co mme n cemen t of this Consti tution sh all i mpos e, or au thor is e th e i mposi tion of, a t ax in r esp ect of an y wat er or el ectricit y s tor ed, g ener at ed , consu med , d istribu t ed o r sold b y an y
author it y est ablish ed b y an y ex ist ing l aw or an y l a w ma d e b y P arl i a ment for r egul ating o r d ev eloping an y inter-St a t e riv er or riv er-v all e y. Explanation . —Th e expr ession “l aw of a S t at e in for ce” in this cl aus e sh al l in clud e a l a w of a S t at e p ass ed or ma d e b efo re th e co mme n cement of this Consti tution and not pr eviousl y r ep e al ed , notwiths t anding th at it or p arts of it ma y no t b e th en in op er ation eith er at all or in pa rt i cul ar ar e as . (2) Th e Legi sl atur e of a St at e ma y b y l a w i mpos e, or au thorise th e i mposition of , an y su ch t ax a s is men tion ed in cl aus e (1) , but no su ch l a w sh all h av e an y eff e ct unl ess it h as , aft er h aving b e en r es erv ed for th e consid eration of th e Pr esid en t, r eceiv ed his ass ent ; and if an y su ch l a w provid es for th e fix ation of th e r at es and oth er in cid ent s of su ch t ax b y me ans of rul es or ord ers to b e mad e und er th e l a w by an y au thorit y, th e l a w sh all provid e for th e previous cons ent of th e Pr esid en t b eing obt ain ed to th e ma king of an y su ch rul e or ord er . 289. Ex emp tion of p rop erty and in co me of a Stat e f ro m Union taxation .— (1) Th e prop erty and in co me of a S t at e sh all b e ex emp t fro m Union t ax at ion. ( 2 ) Nothing in cl aus e (1) sh al l pr ev ent th e Union fro m i mpo sing , o r author ising th e i mposi tion of, an y t ax to su ch ext ent , if an y, as P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w p rovid e in r esp ect of a trad e or busin ess of an y kind carri ed on b y, or on b eh alf of , th e Gov ern me nt of a St at e, or an y oper at ions conn ected th er ewith , or an y prop ert y used or o c cupi ed for th e purpos es of su ch tr ad e or busin ess , or any in co me accruing or arising in conn ection th er ewith . (3) Nothing in cl aus e (2) sh al l appl y to an y tr ade or busin ess , or to an y cl ass of tr ad e or busin ess , whi ch P a rli a me nt ma y b y law d ecl ar e to b e in cid ent al to the ordin ar y fun c tions of Govern ment . 290 . Adju st me nt in resp ect of certain exp ens es and p ensions .— Wh er e und er th e provis ions of this Const itution th e exp ens es of an y court or Co mmi ssion , or th e p ension p a ya bl e to or in r esp ect of a p erson who h as s erv ed b efor e th e co mmen cement of this Const itution und er th e Cro wn in Indi a or aft er su ch co mmen cement in conn ection with th e aff a irs of th e Union or of a St at e, ar e ch arg ed on th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a or th e Consolid at ed Fund of a St at e, th en , if — (a) in th e cas e of a ch arg e on the Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a, th e court or Co mmi ssion s erv es an y of th e sep ar at e n e eds of a S t at e, o r th e p erson h as s erv ed wholl y or in p art in connection with th e aff ai rs o f a St ate; or (b) in th e cas e of a ch arg e on the Consolid at ed Fund of a S t at e, th e court or Co mmi ss ion s erv es an y of the s ep ar at e n e eds of th e Un ion or anoth er St at e, or th e p erson h as s erv ed wholl y or in p art in conn ection with the aff airs of th e Union or anoth er St ate, th er e sh al l b e ch arg ed on and paid out of th e Consol id at ed Fund of th e St at e or, as th e cas e ma y b e , th e Conso lidat ed Fund of Indi a or th e Consolid at ed Fund of th e oth er St at e, su ch contribu tion in r esp ect of th e exp ens es or p ension as ma y b e agr e ed , or as ma y in d ef ault of agr eement b e d e ter min ed b y an arbi tr ator to b e appoint ed b y the Chi ef Justi ce of Indi a. 2 9 0 A . An n u a l p a y me n t t o c e rt a i n D ev a s w o m Fu n d s .—A su m of fort y- six l akhs and fif t y thous and rup e es sh al l b e ch arg ed on, and p aid out of , th e Consolid at ed Fund of th e St at e of Ker al a ev er y year to th e Tr avan cor e Dev aswom Fund; and a su m of thirt e en l akhs and fift y thousand rup e es sh all b e ch arg ed on , and p aid out of , th e Consolid at ed Fund of th e S tat e of Tamil Nadu ev er y year to th e Dev as wo m Fund est abl ish ed in th at St at e fo r th e ma int en an ce of Hindu t e mpl es and shrin es in th e t erri tori es t r ansf err ed to th at St at e on th e 1st d a y of N o v e mb e r , 1 9 5 6 , f r o m t h e S t a t e o f Tr av an cor e- Co ch i n . 291 . [Pri vy purse su ms of Ru l ers. ] Rep . b y th e Const itution (T went y-s i xth A m e n d m en t ) A ct , 197 l, s . 2 . C H A P T E R I I. — B O R R O W I N G
292 . Bo r row ing by th e Gov e rnme n t o f I ndia .— Th e ex ecutiv e po we r of th e Union ext ends to borro wing upon th e s e curit y of th e Consolid at ed Fund of Ind i a within su ch l i mits , if an y, as may fro m ti me to ti me b e fix ed b y P arl i a ment b y l a w and to th e giving of gu ar antees within su ch li mi ts , i f an y, as ma y b e so fix ed . 293 . Bo rrow ing by Stat es .—(1) Subj ect to th e provis ions of this art i cl e , th e ex ecutiv e po wer of a S t at e ex t ends to borro wing within th e t er ritor y of Indi a upon th e s e curity of th e Con solid at ed Fund of the St at e within su ch li mits , if a n y, a s ma y from t i me to ti me b e fix ed b y th e L e gisl a tur e o f su ch St at e b y l aw and to th e g iving of gu ar ant e es within su ch limi ts , if an y, as may b e so fix ed. (2) Th e Gov ernmen t of Indi a ma y, subj ect to such condition s as may b e l aid d o wn b y o r u n d e r an y l a w ma d e b y P a r l i a me n t , ma k e l o ans t o an y S t at e o r , s o long as an y li mits fix ed und er art i cl e 292 ar e not ex ceed ed , g ive gu ar ant e es in r esp ect of lo ans r ais ed b y an y St at e, and an y sums r equir ed for th e purpos e of ma k ing su ch lo an s sh all b e ch arg ed on th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a. (3) A St at e ma y not without th e cons ent of th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a r ais e an y lo an if th er e is sti ll outst anding an y p art of a loan wh i ch h a s b een mad e to th e St at e b y th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or b y its pr ede c e ssor Gov ernme n t , o r in r e spe c t of whi ch a gu arant ee h as been giv en b y th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or b y its pr ed ecessor Gov ern me nt . (4) A con s ent und er cl aus e (3) ma y b e gr ant ed subj ect to su ch condit ions , if an y, as th e Govern me nt of India ma y th ink f it to i mpos e.
C H A P T E R I II.—P R O P E R T Y . C O N T R A C T S , R I G H T S , L I A B I L I T I E S , O B L I G A T I O N S SUITS
AND
294 . Succession to p rop erty, ass ets , rights , liabil iti es and obligat ions in certain cas es . —As fro m th e commen c emen t of thi s Cons titution— (a ) a l l prop er t y a nd ass ets whi ch i mme d i at el y be for e su ch co mme n c e me n t wer e v est ed in His Maj est y for th e purpos es of th e Gov ern me nt of th e Do minion of Indi a and all propert y and ass ets whi ch i mme d i atel y b efor e su ch co mme n cement wer e v est ed in His Maj est y for th e purpos es of th e Gov ern me nt of each Gov ernor's Provin ce sh all v es t r e sp ec tivel y in th e Union and th e corr espond ing St at e, and (b ) al l r ights , liabil iti es and oblig at ions of th e Gov ern me nt of th e Do minion of Indi a and of th e Gov ern me nt of each Gov e rnor's Provin ce, wh eth er aris ing out of an y contract or oth er wis e, sh all b e th e rights , li ab iliti es and oblig at ions r esp ect iv el y of th e Gov e rn men t of Indi a and th e Govern men t of each corr esponding St at e, subj ect to an y adjus t men t ma d e or to b e mad e by r e ason of th e cr eat ion b efor e th e co mme n cement of this Const itution of th e Do minion of P akist an or of th e P r o v i n c es o f W es t B en g al , Ea s t B e n g al , W es t P u n j ab and Ea s t P u n j ab , 295 . Succession to p rop erty, ass ets , rights , liabil iti es and obligat ions in oth e r cas es .—(1) As fro m th e co mmen cement of this Const itution— (a ) a l l prop er t y a nd ass ets whi ch i mme d i at el y be for e su ch co mme n c e me n t wer e v est ed in an y Indi an St at e corr espond ing to a S t at e sp ecified in P art B o f th e Firs t S ch edul e sh al l v es t in th e Un ion, i f th e purpos es for whi ch su ch prop ert y and asse ts w er e h eld i mme d i at el y b efore su ch co mme n ce me n t w ill th er eaf t er b e purpos es of th e Union r el a ting to an y of th e mat t ers enu mer at ed in th e Union List , and (b ) al l r ights , liabil iti es and oblig at ions of th e Gov ern me nt of an y Indi an St at e corr esponding to a St at e sp ecif i ed in P ar t B of th e F irst Sch edul e, wh eth er aris ing out of an y contract or oth er wis e, sh all b e th e rights , li ab iliti es
and oblig at ions of th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a, if th e purpos es for whi ch su ch righ ts wer e acquir ed or li ab ilit ies or oblig at ions wer e in curr ed b efor e su ch co mme n cement will th er ea ft er be purpos es of the Gov e rn men t of Indi a r el at ing to an y of th e matt ers enu mer at ed in th e Un ion List , subj ect to an y agr eement ent er ed into in th at b eh alf b y th e Govern me nt of India with th e Gov ernmen t of th at St at e. (2) Subj ect as afor es aid, th e Gov ern me nt of each St at e sp ecif i ed in P art B o f th e Firs t S ch edul e sh al l, as fro m th e co mmen c emen t of this Const itution , b e the su ccessor of th e Govern men t of th e corr espond ing Indi an St at e as r eg ards all prop ert y and assets and all righ ts , li abi liti es and oblig at ions , wheth er ari sing out of an y contr a ct or oth er wis e, oth er th an thos e ref err ed to in cl aus e (1) . 296 . Prop erty accruing by es cheat o r laps e o r as bona va cantia .—Subj ect as h er ein af t er p rovid ed , an y p rop ert y in th e t err itory of Indi a wh i ch, if this Consti tution h ad not co me in to op er at ion, would h av e accrued to His Maj e st y or , as th e cas e ma y b e , to th e Rul e r of an Indi an St at e b y es ch eat or l aps e, or as bona va cantia for want of a rightful o wn er , shall , if it i s prop ert y situ at e in a St at e, v est in su ch St at e, and sh all , in an y oth er cas e , v est in th e Union: Provid ed th at any prop ert y whi ch at th e d at e when it would h ave so accru ed to His Maj est y or to th e Rul er of an Indi an St at e wa s in th e poss ession or und er the contro l of th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of a S tat e sh all , according as th e purpos es for whi ch it was th en us ed or h eld wer e purpos es of th e Un ion or of a St at e, vest in th e Union or in th at St at e. Explanation . —In this art i cl e , the expr essions “Rul er ” and “Indi an St at e” h av e th e s a me meanings as in arti cl e 363. 297 . Th ings of valu e w ithin t errito rial w aters o r con tin ental sh elf and resou rces of the ex clusiv e econo mi c zon e to vest in th e Union .— (1) All l ands , mi n er als and oth er things of v alu e und erl ying th e o cean wi thin th e t err itori al w a t ers , or th e contin en t al sh elf , or th e ex clusive e c ono mi c zone , o f Ind i a sh all v est in th e Union and b e h eld for th e purpos es of th e Union . (2) All oth er r esour ces of th e exclus iv e econo mic zon e o f Ind i a sh al l also v e st in th e Union and b e h e ld for the purpos es of the Un ion. (3) Th e li mits of th e t err itori al wat ers , th e contin ent a l shelf , the ex clusiv e econo mi c zon e, and oth er maritime zon e s, of Indi a sh al l b e su ch as may b e sp ecif i ed, fro m ti me to ti me, b y or und er an y l aw mad e b y P arliamen t . 2 9 8 . Pow e r t o ca r ry o n t ra d e, e t c .— Th e ex ecutiv e po wer of th e Un ion and of each St at e sh all ext end to th e carr ying on of an y tr ad e or busin ess and to th e acquis ition , ho lding and disposal of prop ert y and th e mak ing of contr a ct s fo r an y purpos e: Provid ed th a t— (a) th e s aid ex ec utiv e po wer of th e Union sh all , in so f ar as su ch tr ad e or busin es s or su ch purpos e is not on e with r esp ect to wh i ch P a rli ame n t ma y ma k e l aw s, b e subj e ct in e a ch St at e to l eg isl ation b y th e S t at e; and (b) th e s aid ex ec utiv e po wer of each St at e sh all , in so f ar as su ch tr ad e or busin es s or su ch purpos e is not on e with r esp ect to wh i ch th e S tat e Legisl atur e ma y ma k e l a ws , b e subj ect to l egis l ation b y P arli a me nt . 299 . Cont ra ct s.— (1) Al l con tr acts ma d e in th e ex er cis e of th e ex ecutiv e po wer of th e Union or of a St at e sh all b e expr ess ed to b e mad e b y th e Pr esid en t, or b y th e Gov ernor of th e St at e , as the c a s e ma y b e , and all su ch contr a cts and all a ssur an c es of prop ert y ma d e in th e ex er cis e of th at po w er sh all b e ex e cut ed on b eh alf of th e Pre sid en t or th e Gov ernor b y su ch p ersons and in su ch ma nn er a s h e ma y d ir e ct or author is e. (2) Neith er th e Pr esid en t no r the Gov e rnor sh all b e p erson all y li abl e in r esp ect of an y contr a ct or assur an ce ma d e or ex ecut ed for th e purpos es of this Consti tution , or for th e purpos es of an y en act me nt r el at ing to th e Gov e rn men t of
Indi a h er etofo r e in for ce, no r shall an y p erson ma k ing or executing an y su ch contr act or assur an ce on b ehalf of an y of th em b e p erson all y l iabl e in r esp ect th er eof . 300 . Suits and p ro ceedings . —(1) Th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a ma y su e or b e su ed b y th e n a me of th e Un ion o f Indi a and th e Gov ern me nt of a S t ate ma y su e or b e su ed b y th e n a me of th e St at e and ma y, subj ect to an y p rovisions whi ch ma y b e ma d e b y Act of P arl i a ment or of th e Legisl atur e of su ch St at e enact ed b y virtu e of po wers conf err ed b y this Const itution , su e or b e su ed in r e l ation to th eir r esp ect iv e af f airs in th e lik e cases as th e Do minion of Indi a and th e corr espond ing Provin c es or th e corr espond ing Indi an St at es might h av e su ed or b e en su ed if this Consti tution had not b e en en ac t ed . (2) If at th e commen cemen t of thi s Cons titution— (a) an y l eg al pro ceedings ar e pending to whi ch th e Do min ion of Indi a is a p art y, th e Union of Indi a sh all be d eemed to b e subs titut ed for th e Do min ion in thos e pro ceedings ; and (b) an y l eg al pro ceedings ar e pending to whi ch a P rovin ce or an Indi an St at e i s a p art y, th e corr esponding St at e sh all be d eemed to b e subs titut ed for th e Provin ce or th e Indi an St at e in thos e pro ceedings . C H A P T E R I V .—R I G H T
TO
PROPERTY
300A. Persons not to be deprived of property save by authority of law.— No person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.
PART XIII TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA 301 . Fr eedo m of tr ad e, co mme r ce and int er course.—Subj ect to th e oth er p rovis ions o f this Pa rt , t rade, co mmerce and int ercou rs e th roughout th e t e r rito ry of India shal l b e f r e e . 302 . Pow er of Pa rlia me n t to i mpos e rest ri ctions on t rad e, commerce a nd int ercou rs e. —Parl i a ment ma y b y l a w i mpo s e su ch r estr i ctions on th e fr eedo m of tr ad e , co mme r c e or int er cours e b et w e en on e S t at e and anoth er or within an y p art of th e t err itor y of Indi a as ma y b e r equir ed in th e publi c int er est . 303 . Res tri ctions on th e l egisl ativ e po wers of the Un ion and of th e St at es with r eg ard to tr ad e and co mme r ce.—(1) Notw ithstanding anything in a rti cl e 302, n eith er Pa rliamen t nor th e Le gis latu r e o f a Stat e shal l have pow er to ma ke any law giving , o r au tho rising th e giving of , any p r ef eren c e to on e Stat e ov er anoth er, o r ma ki ng , o r au tho ris ing th e ma ki ng of , any di scrimi n ation b etw een on e Stat e and anoth er, by vi rtu e of any ent ry relating to t rad e and co mmerce i n any of th e Lists in th e S ev enth Sch edul e. (2) Nothing in claus e (1) shal l p r ev ent Pa rliamen t f ro m ma king any law giving , o r autho ris ing th e giving of , any p r eferen ce o r ma ki ng , or autho ris ing th e ma ki n g of , any dis c ri mi nat ion if it is d e cla r ed by su ch law that it is n ecessa ry to do so fo r th e pu rpos e of d ealing w ith a sit uation a rising f ro m s c a r city of goods in any pa rt of th e t errito ry of India . 304 . Res tri ctions on tr ad e, co mme r ce and in t ercours e among St at es.— Notw ithstanding anything in arti cl e 301 o r arti cl e 303 , th e Legisla tu r e of a Stat e may by law — (a) i mp os e on goods i mp o rt ed f ro m o th e r Sta tes o r th e Union t errito r i es any tax to w hich simi l a r goods manufa ctu red o r p rodu c ed in that Stat e a re subj ect , so , howev er, a s not to dis cri mina t e b etw een goods so i mp o rt ed and goods so manufa ctu red o r p rodu c ed; and
(b) i mp os e su ch reasonabl e rest ri ct ions on th e f r eedo m of t rad e, co mmerce o r int ercou rs e w ith o r w ithin that Stat e as may b e requi red in th e publi c int e re st: Provid ed that no Bill o r a mendmen t fo r th e purpos es of clause (b) shall b e int rodu c ed o r mo v e d in th e Le gis latu r e o f a Stat e w ithout th e p r evious san ction of th e Presid ent . 305 . Sav ing o f exis ting l a ws and l a ws providing for St at e monopoli e s.— Nothing in a rticl es 301 and 303 shall aff e ct th e p rovision s of any existing law ex cept in so fa r as th e Presid ent ma y by o rd er oth e rw ise di rect; and nothing in a rticl e 301 shall aff e ct th e op eration of any law ma d e b efo re the co mmen ce me n t of th e Cons titution ( Fou rth Amen d ment) Act, 1955 , in so far as it relat es to, o r p r ev ent Parlia me n t o r th e Legislatu re of a Stat e f ro m ma ki ng any law relating to , any su ch mat ter as is ref erred to in sub- cla us e (i i) o f claus e (6) of a rti cl e 19 . 306 . [Po wer of certa in S tat es in Part B of th e Firs t S ch edu l e to i mpos e r est ri ctions on trad e and commer ce.] Rep. b y th e Constitu tion (S eventh A m e n d m en t ) A ct , 1 9 5 6 , s . 29 and S ch . 307 . Appoin t ment of authori t y for carr ying out th e purpos es of art i cl es 301 to 304 .— Pa rl ia me nt ma y by law appoint su ch autho rity as it consid ers app rop riat e fo r ca rrying out th e pu rpos es of a rti cl es 301 , 302 , 303 and 304, and conf er on th e a utho rity so appoint ed su ch pow e rs and su ch duti es as it thin ks n e c es sa ry .
PART XIV SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE STATES C H A P T E R I .— S E R V I C E S 308 . Int erpr et at ion .—In th is Part , unl ess th e cont ext oth e rw ise requi res , th e exp r ession “Stat e” do es not in clud e th e Stat e of Ja mmu and Kash mi r. 309 . Recru it ment and conditions of s ervi ce of p ersons s erv ing the Un ion o r a S t at e . —Subj ect to th e p rov isions of this Constitut ion, Acts of th e app rop riate Legisla tu r e ma y regulat e th e recruit me n t , and condition s of s e rvi ce of p e rsons appoint ed , to p ubli c servi c es and posts in conn ection w ith th e affairs of th e Union or of any S tat e: Provid ed that it shall b e co mp et ent fo r th e Presid ent o r su ch p e rson as h e ma y d i rect in th e ca s e of s e rvi c es and posts in conn ection w ith th e affai rs of th e Union , and fo r th e Gov e rno r of a Sta t e o r su ch p e rson as h e ma y di r e ct in th e cas e of s e rvi c es and posts in conn ection w ith th e affai rs of th e Stat e, to ma ke rul es regulat ing th e recruit me n t , and th e conditions of s e rvi ce of p e rsons appoint ed , to su ch s ervi c es and posts unti l p rov ision in that b ehalf is ma d e by o r under an Act of the app rop riat e Legisla tu r e und er this a rti cle, and any rul es so mad e shal l hav e eff e ct subj ect to th e p rovisions of any su ch Act. 310 . Tenur e of offi ce of p ersons s erving th e Union or a St at e.—(1) Ex cept as exp r essly p rovid ed by this Const itution , ev er y p e rson w ho is a me mb er of a d ef en ce s e rvi c e o r o f a civil s ervi ce of th e Un ion o r o f an al l-India s e rvi ce or holds any post conn ect ed w ith d ef en ce o r any civi l po st und er th e Un ion ho lds offi ce du ring th e pl easu re of th e Presid ent , and every p e rson w ho is a me mb er of a civil s e rv i ce of a Stat e o r holds any civil post und er a S tat e holds off i ce during th e pl easure of th e Gov e rno r of th e S tat e. (2) Notw ithstanding that a p e rson holding a civi l po st un der th e Union o r a Stat e holds off ice du ring th e pl easu re of th e Presid ent o r , as th e cas e may be, of th e Gov e rnor of th e S tat e, any cont ra ct und er w hich a person , not being a me mb er of a d ef en ce s e rvi ce or of an a ll-India s e rvi ce o r o f a civil s e rvi c e of th e Union o r a Stat e, is appoint ed und er this Constitu tion to hold su ch a post ma y , if th e P r esid en t o r th e Gov e rno r , a s th e c as e may b e , de e ms it n e c essar y in o rd er to s e cu re th e s e rvi c es of a p e rson having sp ecia l quali fi cations , p rovid e fo r the pay ment to him o f co mp ensation , if b efo re th e expi ration of an ag reed p eriod that post is aboli sh ed o r h e is , fo r rea sons not conn ect ed w it h a n y mi s co n d u ct o n h is p a rt , r eq u i r ed t o v a cat e t h a t p o s t . 311 . Di s miss al , r e mov al or r eduction in r ank of p ersons emplo yed in civil cap acit i es und er th e Un ion o r a St at e.—(1) No p e rson w ho is a me mb er o f a civi l s e rvi c e o f th e Un ion o r an all-In dia s e rvi ce o r a civil s ervi ce of a Sta te o r holds a civil post und er the Union o r a Stat e shall b e dismi s s ed o r re mo v ed by an autho rity subordinat e to that by w hich h e w as appoint ed . (2) No su ch p e rson as afo r esaid shall b e dis mis sed o r remo v ed o r redu ced in ran k ex cept aft er an inqui ry in w hich he has b e en info rmed of th e cha rges agains t hi m a nd giv en a rea sonabl e oppo rtunity of b eing h ea rd in resp ect of thos e cha rg es: Provid ed that w here it is p ropos ed aft er su ch inqui ry , to imp o s e upon h im any su ch p enalty , su ch p ena lty ma y b e i mp os ed on th e ba sis of th e evid en c e addu ced du ring su ch inqui ry and it shall not b e n ecessa ry to giv e su ch p e rson any oppo rtunity of ma king rep r es entat ion on th e p ena lty p ropos ed: Provid ed fu rther that this claus e shall not apply — (a) wh er e a p er son is dis miss ed or r e mov ed o r redu ced in r ank on th e ground of conduct whi ch h as l ed to his convi ction on a cr i min al ch arg e; or
(b ) wh er e th e author it y empo wered to dis miss or r e mov e a p erson or to r edu ce hi m in r ank is s ati sfi ed th at for so me r e ason , to b e r e co rd ed b y th at author it y in wr iting , it i s not reason abl y pr act icabl e to hold such inquir y; or ( c) wh er e th e Presid en t or th e Gov ernor , as th e cas e ma y b e , is s at isfi ed th at in th e in t erest of th e s e curit y of th e St at e it is not exp edi ent to hold su ch i n q u i r y. (3) If , in resp ect of any su ch person as afo r esaid , a q uestion a ris es w heth e r it is reasonab ly p ra cti ca bl e to hold su ch inquiry as is ref erred to in claus e (2) , th e d e cision th ereon of the autho rity empow ered to d ismi s s o r remov e su ch p e rson o r to r edu c e h i m in ran k shall be final . 312 . Al l-Indi a servi c es .—(1) Notw ithstanding anything in Chapt e r VI o f P a rt V I o r Pa rt XI , i f th e Coun cil of Stat es has d e cla r ed by r e solut ion suppo rt ed by not l ess than tw o-thi rd s of th e me mb ers p r es ent and voting that it is n ecessa ry o r exp edi ent in th e national int e rest so to do , Pa rlia me n t may by law prov id e fo r th e creation of on e o r more all India s e rvi c es (in c luding an all-In dia judi cia l s e rvi c e) co mmo n to th e Union and th e Stat es , and , subj ect to th e oth er p rovision s of this Chapt er, regu lat e th e recruit me n t , and th e condition s of s e rvi ce of p ersons appoint ed , to any su ch servi ce. (2) Th e s e rvi c es know n at th e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitutio n as th e Indian Ad mi nist rativ e S e rvi ce and th e Indian Poli ce S e rvi ce shall b e d eemed to b e s e rvi c es cr e at ed by Pa r lia me n t und er this a rti c l e. (3) Th e all-Ind ia judi cia l s e rvi ce ref erred to in claus e (1) shall not in clud e any post inf e rio r to that of a d ist ri ct judg e as d efin ed in a rti cl e 236. (4) Th e law providing fo r th e creation of th e all -India judi cial s e rvi ce afo r esaid ma y contain su ch p rovis ions fo r th e a mend men t of Chapt er VI of Pa rt VI as ma y b e necessa ry fo r giving eff e ct to th e p rov isions of that law and no su ch law shall b e d e emed to b e an amen d ment of this Consti tution fo r t h e p u rpo s es o f a rt i cl e 3 6 8 . 312 A. Po wer of P arl i a ment to v ar y or r evok e condit ions of s ervi ce of offi cers of cert ain s erv i ces .—(1 ) Pa rl iamen t ma y by law — (a) v ar y or r evok e, wh eth e r prosp e ct iv el y o r r e trosp e ct iv el y, the condit ions of s ervi c es as r esp ects r e mun er ation , l e av e and p ens ion and th e righ ts as r e sp ects dis cip lin ar y ma tt ers o f p er sons who, h aving been appoint ed b y th e S e cr et ar y of St at e or S e cre t ar y of St at e in C oun cil to a c ivil s erv i c e of th e Cro wn in Indi a b efor e th e co mmen cement of this Const itution , continu e on and aft er th e co mmen cement o f th e Cons titution ( T went y- eighth A me n d me n t ) A ct , 1 9 7 2 , t o s er v e u n d er t h e Gov er n me n t o f I n d i a o r o f a S t a t e in an y s ervi c e or post; (b) va ry o r revo ke , w heth er prosp e ctiv ely o r ret rosp ect ively, th e condit ions o f servi ce as resp ects p ension of p ersons w ho, hav ing b e en appoint ed by th e S ecreta ry of Stat e o r S ecreta ry of Stat e in Coun cil to a civi l s e rvi c e o f th e Crow n in India b efo re th e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitu tion , re ti red o r oth e rw ise ceas ed to b e in s e rvi ce at any ti me b efo re th e co mmen ceme n t of th e Constitut ion ( Tw enty- eighth Amend men t) Act, 1972: Provid ed that in th e cas e o f any su ch p e rson w ho is holding o r has h eld th e offi ce of the Chi ef Justi ce o r o th e r Judg e of th e S up reme Co urt o r a High Cou r t, the Co mp t rol l e r and Audito r- Ge n e ral of India , th e Cha i rman o r oth er me mb er of th e Union or a S tat e Pub li c S e rvi ce Co mmi ss ion o r th e Chi ef El ection Co mmi s sion er, nothing in sub-claus e (a) o r sub- clau se (b) shall b e const ru ed as emp ow e ring Pa rlia me n t to vary o r revo ke , aft er his appoint men t to su ch post , th e conditions of his s e rvi c e to his disadvantag e ex cept in so fa r as su ch conditions of s e rvi ce are appli cabl e to hi m by reason of his b eing a p e rson appointed by th e S ecreta ry of Stat e o r S ecreta ry of Stat e in Co un cil to a civil s e rv i ce of th e Crow n in India .
(2) Ex cept to the ext ent p rov id ed fo r by Pa rlia me n t by law und er this a rti c l e, nothing in this a rti c l e shal l af f e ct th e pow e r o f any L e gisla tu r e o r oth er autho rity und er any other p rov ision of this Constitu tion to regulat e th e condition s of s ervi ce of p ersons ref erred to in claus e (1) . (3) Neith er th e Sup reme Cou rt no r a ny oth er cou rt shall have ju risdi c tion in — (a) an y disput e aris ing ou t o f an y provision of , or an y endor s eme n t on, an y c ov en ant , agr e eme n t or o the r si mil a r in stru me nt whi ch w a s ent er ed into or e x e cut ed b y an y p erson r ef err ed to in cl aus e (1), o r ar ising out of an y l ett er is sued to su ch person , in r el ation to his appointme n t to an y civil s ervi c e of th e Cro wn in Indi a or his continu ance in s ervi c e und er th e Gov ernme n t of th e Do minion o f Indi a or a Provin ce th er eof; (b) an y disput e in r esp ect of any right , li abi lit y or oblig ation und er arti cl e 314 as origin al ly en act ed . (4) Th e p rovisions of this a rticl e shal l hav e eff e ct notw ithstanding anything in a rti cl e 314 as o rigina lly enact ed o r in any oth er p rovision o f t his Constitu tion . 313 . Tr an sition al provis ions .— Unti l oth er p rovision i s ma d e in thi s b ehal f und er this Consti tution , a ll the law s in fo rce i mme d i at ely b efo re th e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution and applicabl e to any publi c s e rv ice o r any post w hich continu es to exist aft e r th e commen c e men t of this Constitu tion , as an all-Ind ia servi ce o r as s e rvi ce o r post und er th e Un ion or a Stat e shall continu e in fo rce so fa r as consist ent w ith th e provis ions o f th is Constitu tion . 314 . [Pro vision for prot ection of exist ing o ffi cers of certain s ervi c es .] R ep . b y th e Constitu tion ( T went y- eighth Amendmen t) Act , 1 9 7 2 , s . 3 ( w . e .f . 29-81972).
C HA P TE R II.— P UB LIC S ER V I C E C O M M I S S I O N S 315 . Publi c S ervi ce Co mmi ssions for th e Union and for th e S t ates .—(1 ) Subj ect to th e p rovis ions of this a rti cl e, th ere shall b e a Publi c S e rvi ce Co mmi s sion for th e Un ion and a Pub li c S e rvi ce Co mmi s sion fo r ea ch State. (2) Tw o or mo re Stat es may agree that th ere shall b e on e Publi c S e rvi ce Co mmi s sion for that g roup o f Stat es , and if a resolution to that eff e ct is p a s s ed b y t h e H o u s e o r, w he re t h e r e a r e t w o Hou s es, b y ea ch Ho u s e o f t h e Legisla tu r e of ea ch of thos e Stat es , Pa rlia me nt ma y by law p rovid e fo r th e appoint men t of a Jo int Stat e Publi c S e rv i ce Co mmi s sion ( r eferred to in this Chapt er as Joint Co mmi ss ion) to serv e th e needs of thos e Stat es . (3) Any su ch law as a for e said ma y conta in suc h in cid enta l and cons equ entia l provis ions a s ma y b e necessa ry o r d esi rabl e for giving eff e ct to th e pu rpos es of th e law . (4) Th e Pub li c S e rvi ce Co mmi ss ion fo r th e Union , if requ ested so to do by th e Gov e rno r of a Stat e may , w ith th e app roval of th e Presid ent , ag ree to s e rv e all o r any of th e n e ed s of th e Stat e. (5) Ref eren c es in thi s Const itution to th e Union Publi c S e rvice Co mmi s sion o r a S tat e Pub li c S e rvi c e Co mmi s sion sha ll, unl es s th e cont ext oth e rw ise requi res , b e const ru ed as ref eren ces to th e Co mmi s sion s e rving th e n e eds of th e Union o r, as th e cas e may b e , th e Sta t e as r e sp e cts th e pa rti cu la r ma tt er in qu estio n. 316 . Appoin t ment and t er m o f offi ce of me mb ers .—(1) Th e Chai rma n and oth er me mb ers of a Publ i c S e rvi c e Co mmi ss ion shall b e appoint ed , in th e cas e of th e Union Co mmi ss ion o r a Join t Co mmi s sion , by th e Presid ent , and in th e cas e of a Stat e Co mmi s sion , by th e Gov e rno r of th e Stat e: Provid ed that as n ea rly as may b e o ne-half of th e me mb ers of ev ery Pub li c S e rvi ce Co mmi ss ion sha ll b e persons w ho at th e dat es of th eir resp e ctiv e appoint men ts hav e h eld offi ce fo r at l east t en y ea rs eith er und er th e Gov e rn me nt of India o r und er th e Gov e rn me nt of a Stat e, and in co mpu ting th e said p e riod of t en y ea rs any p e riod b efo re th e co mmen cemen t o f th is Constitu tion du ring w hich a p e rson has h eld offi ce und er th e Crow n in India o r und er th e Gov e rn me n t o f an Indian Stat e shal l b e in cluded . (1 A) If th e office of th e Chai rma n o f th e Commi s s ion b e comes va can t o r if any su ch Cha i rma n is by reason of abs en c e o r fo r any oth er re ason unabl e to p e rfo r m t h e duti es of his off i ce , thos e dut i es shal l, unti l so me p e rson appoint ed und er claus e (1) to th e va cant offi ce has ent ered on th e duti es th ereof o r , a s th e cas e may b e , until th e Chai rma n ha s resu med his duti es , be p e rfo r me d by su ch on e of th e oth er me mb ers of th e Co mmi ssion as t he Presid ent , in the cas e of th e Union Co mmi s sion o r a Join t Co mmi s sion , and th e Gov e rno r of th e Stat e in th e cas e of a Stat e Co mmi ss ion, ma y appoin t fo r th e pu rpos e. (2) A me mb er of a Pu bli c S e rvice Co mmi s sion shal l ho ld of fi ce fo r a t erm of six y ea rs f rom t h e dat e on w hich he ent e rs upon his offi ce o r un til h e attain s, in th e cas e of th e Un ion Co mmi ss ion, th e ag e of sixty-f iv e y ea rs , and in th e cas e o f a Stat e Co mmi s sion o r a Joint Co mmi s sion , the ag e o f six tytw o y ea rs, w hich ev e r is ea rli e r: P r o v i d ed t h a t — (a) a me mb er of a Pub li c S ervi ce Co mmis sion ma y, b y wri ting und er his h and add r ess ed, in th e case of th e Un ion Co mm is sion or a Joint Co mmi ssion , to th e Pr esid en t, and in th e cas e of a St at e Co mmi ssion , to th e Gov ernor of th e St at e, r esign hi s offi ce; (b) a me mb er of a Pub li c S ervi ce C o mmis sion ma y b e r e mov ed fro m his offi ce in th e ma nn er provid ed in cl aus e (1) or cl aus e (3) of arti cl e 317 .
(3) A p erson who holds offi ce as a me mb er of a Pub li c S e rvice Co mmi s sion shal l, on th e expi rat ion of hi s t erm o f of fi ce, b e in elig ibl e for re-appoint me nt to that offi ce. 317 . Remov al and susp ension of a me mb er of a Publi c S erv i ce Co mmi ssion .— (1) Subj ect to th e p rovisions of claus e (3) , th e Chai rman o r any oth er me mb er of a Publi c S e rvi ce Co mmi s sion shall only b e remo v ed f ro m hi s offi ce by o rd er of th e Presid ent on th e g rou nd of mi sb ehaviou r aft er th e Sup reme Cou rt, o n ref eren ce b eing ma d e to it by th e Pres ident , has , on inqu iry h eld in a c co rdan ce w ith th e p ro c edu re p r es crib ed in that b ehalf und er a rti cl e 145 , repo rt ed that th e Chai rman o r su ch o th er me mb er, a s the c a s e may b e , o u g h t o n a n y s u c h g ro u n d t o b e r e mo v ed . (2) Th e Presid ent , in th e ca s e of th e Unio n Co mmi s sion o r a Joint Co mmi s sion , and th e Gov e rnor in th e cas e of a Stat e Co mmi ss ion, ma y susp end f ro m o ffi ce th e Chai rma n o r any oth er me mb er of th e Co mmi ss ion in resp ect of who m a ref eren ce ha s b e en ma d e to th e S up reme Cou rt und er claus e (1) unti l th e Presid ent has pass ed o rders on receipt of th e repo rt of th e Sup r e me C ou rt on su ch ref e r en c e . (3) Notw ithstanding anything in claus e (1) , the Presid ent may by ord er re mo v e f ro m o ffi ce th e Chai rman o r any oth e r me mb er o f a Publi c S e rvi c e Co mmi s sion if th e Chai rman or su ch ot her me mb er, as th e cas e may b e ,— (a) is adjudged an insolv ent; or (b) eng ag es during his t e r m of offi ce in an y p aid emplo yme nt outs id e the duti e s of hi s of fi ce; or ( c) is , in th e opinion of th e Pr esid en t, unf it to continu e in offi ce b y r e ason of infi r mit y o f mi nd or bod y. (4) If th e Chai rma n o r any othe r me mb e r o f a Publi c S e rvi ce Co mmi s sion is o r b e co me s in any w ay con ce r n ed o r int e r est ed in any cont ra ct o r ag reemen t ma de by o r on b ehalf of th e Gov e rn me n t of India o r th e Gov e rn me nt of a Stat e o r pa rticipat es in any w ay in th e p rofit th ereof o r in any b en efit o r e mo lu me n t a r ising th e r ef ro m o th e rw ise than as a me mb e r and in co mmo n w ith th e ot he r me mb e r s o f an in co rpo rat ed co mpany , h e sha ll , fo r th e pu rpos es of claus e (1) , b e d eemed to b e guil ty of mi sb ehaviou r. 318 . Pow er to ma ke regu lations as to conditions of s e rvi c e of me mb ers and staf f of th e Commi s s ion .—In th e cas e of th e Union Co mmi ssion or a Jo int C o mmi ssion , the Pr esid ent and , in th e c as e o f a St at e Co mmi ssion , th e Gov ernor o f t h e S t at e ma y b y r eg u l at i o n s — (a) d e t er min e th e nu mb er of memb er s of the Co mmis sion and th eir condit ions of s ervi c e; and (b) mak e provis ion wi th r e spect to th e nu mber of me mb ers of th e st aff of th e Co mmi ssion and th eir condition s of s erv i c e: Provid ed th at the condition s of s ervi ce of a memb er of a Publ ic S ervi ce Co mmi ssion sh all not b e v ari ed to his dis adv an tag e aft er his appoint me nt . 319 . Proh ibition as to th e ho lding of offi ces by me mb ers of Co mmi s sion on ceasing to b e su ch me mb ers .— On c e as i n g t o h o l d o f f i c e — (a) th e Ch air man of th e Un ion Publi c S erv i ce Co mmi ssion sh all b e in el igibl e for furth er emplo yme nt eith er und er th e Gov e rn men t of Indi a or und er th e Gov ern me nt of a S tat e; (b) th e Ch air man of a S t at e Publi c S erv i ce Co mmi ssion sh all b e eligib l e for appoint me nt as th e Ch air man or an y o th er me mb er of th e Union Publi c S ervi ce Co mmi ssion or as th e Ch air man of an y oth er St ate Publi c S ervi ce Co mmi ssion , but not for an y other emplo ymen t eith er und er th e Govern men t of Indi a or und er th e Gov e rn men t of a St at e;
( c) a me mb er oth er th an th e Ch air man of th e Union Publi c S erv ice Co mmi ssion sh all b e elig ibl e for appoint me nt as th e Ch air man of th e Union Publi c S erv i ce Co mmi ssion or as th e Ch air man of a S t at e Public S ervi c e Co mmi ssion , but not for an y other emplo ymen t eith er und er th e Govern men t of Indi a or und er th e Gov e rn men t of a St at e; (d) a me mb er oth er th an th e Ch air ma n of a S t at e Publi c S ervi c e Co mmi ssion sh all b e elig ibl e for appoint me nt as th e Ch air man or an y oth er me mb er of th e Union Publi c S ervi ce Co mmi ssion or as th e Ch air man of th at or an y oth er St at e Publi c S erv i ce Co mmi ssion , but not for an y other emplo ymen t eith er und er th e Govern men t of Indi a or und er th e Gov e rn men t of a St at e. 320 . Fun ct ions of Publi c S e rvice Co mmi s sions .— (1) It sh all b e th e dut y of th e Union and th e St at e Publi c S ervi ce Co mmi ssion s to condu ct ex amin ations for appoint me nts to th e s ervi c es of th e Union and th e s ervi c es of th e St at e r esp e ct iv el y. (2) It sh al l also b e th e dut y of th e Un ion Pub li c S ervi c e Co mmiss ion, if r equ est ed b y any t wo o r mor e St at es so to do , to assis t thos e S tat es in fr aming a nd op er ating s ch e me s of joint re c rui t ment for an y s ervi c es for w hi ch c andid at es poss es sing sp ecial qu ali fi c ations ar e r equir ed . (3) Th e Un ion Publi c S erv ice Co mmi ssion or the St at e Publi c Servi ce C o mmi s s i o n , as t h e c as e ma y b e, s h all b e co n s u l t ed — (a) on all ma tt ers r el at ing to me thods of r e cruitmen t to civil s ervi c es and for civi l po sts; (b) on th e prin cipl es to b e followed in ma king appoint me nt s to civi l s ervi ces and posts and in ma king pro motions and tr ansf er s f ro m on e s ervi ce to anoth er and on th e suit ab ilit y of candid at es for su ch appoint ments , pro motions or tr ansf ers; ( c) on all dis ciplin ar y ma tt ers aff e ct ing a p erson s erving und er th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or th e Govern me nt of a S t at e in a civil capacit y, in clud ing memo ri als o r p e titions r el at ing to such matt ers; (d) on an y cl aim b y or in r esp ec t of a p erson who is s erving or h as s erv ed und er th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of a St at e or und er th e Cro wn in Indi a or und er th e Gov ern me nt of an Indi an St ate, in a civil cap acit y, th at an y costs in curr ed b y h i m in d ef ending l eg al pro ceedings ins titut ed ag ainst hi m in r esp ect of acts don e or purporting to be don e in th e ex ecution of his dut y should b e p aid out of th e Consolid at ed Fund of Indi a, o r, as th e cas e ma y b e , ou t o f th e Consol id at ed Fund of th e St at e; ( e) on an y cl ai m for th e aw ard of a p ension in r esp ect of inju ri es sust ain ed b y a p e rson whil e s erving und er th e Gov e rn ment of Indi a or th e Govern men t of a St at e or und er th e Crown in Indi a or und er th e Govern men t of an Indi an St at e, in a civil cap acit y, and any qu estion as to th e amoun t of an y su ch award, and it sh all b e th e dut y of a Publi c S erv i ce Co mmi ssion to advi se on an y ma tt er so r ef err ed to the m a nd on an y oth er ma tt er whi ch th e Pr esid ent , or , as th e c a s e ma y b e , th e Governor of th e St ate, ma y r ef er to th em: Provid ed th at th e Pr esid ent as r esp e ct s th e al l-Indi a s erv i ce s and also as r esp ect s o th er servi c es and posts in conn ection with th e aff air s of th e Union , and th e Gov ernor , as r esp ects oth e r s ervi ces an d posts in conn ection with th e aff airs of a St at e, ma y ma k e r egul ations sp ecif ying th e ma t t ers in whi ch eith er g en er al l y, or in an y p arti cul ar cl ass of cas e or in an y p a rti cul ar cir cu mst an ces , it sh al l no t b e n e ce ss ar y for a Publi c S erv i ce Co mmi ssion to b e consul t ed. (4) Nothing in cl aus e (3) sh al l requir e a Publi c S ervi c e Co mmi ssion to b e consul t ed as r esp ects th e ma nn er in whi ch an y provis ion r ef err ed to in cl aus e (4) of arti cl e 16 ma y b e ma d e or as r esp ect s th e ma nn er in whi ch eff e ct ma y be given to th e provis ions of arti cl e 335 .
(5) All r egul at ions ma d e und er th e proviso to claus e (3) b y th e Pr esid en t o r th e Gov ernor of a St at e sh all b e l a id for not l ess than fourt e en d a ys b efor e each Hous e of Parli ame n t or th e Hous e or each House of th e Leg isl atur e of th e St at e, as th e cas e ma y b e , as soon as poss ibl e aft er th ey ar e mad e , and sh al l b e subj ect to su ch modifi ca tion s, wh eth er b y wa y of r ep e al or amend ment , as both Hous es of P arl i a ment or the Hou s e or both Hous es of th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e ma y ma k e during th e s ess ion in wh i ch th ey ar e so l aid . 321 . Pow er to ext end fun ction s of Pu bli c S e rvi ce Co mmi ss ions .— An A c t ma d e b y P ar li ame n t or , as th e cas e ma y b e , the Legisl atur e of a S t at e ma y provid e for th e ex er cis e of addition a l functions b y th e Union Publi c S erv ice Co mmi ssion or th e St at e Publi c S ervi c e Co mmi ssion as r esp ect s th e s ervi ces of th e Union or th e St at e and also as r esp ects th e servi c es of an y lo cal authori t y or oth er bod y corpor at e const itut ed b y l aw or of an y publi c ins titution . 322 . Exp en ses of Publi c S e rvice Co mmi s sions .— Th e exp enses of th e Un ion or a St at e Public S ervi ce Co mmis sion, in cluding an y s al ari es , allo wan c es and p ensions p a yable to or in r esp ect of th e me mb ers or st aff of th e Co mmi ssion , sh al l b e ch arg ed on th e Conso lidat ed Fund of Indi a or , as th e cas e ma y b e , th e Consolid at ed Fund of th e St at e. 3 2 3 . R ep o rts o f P u b l i c S e rvi c e C o m mi s s i o n s .— (1) I t sh all be th e dut y of the Union Co mmis sion to pr es ent annu all y to th e Pr esid en t a r eport as to th e work don e b y th e Commi s sion and on r eceipt of su ch r eport th e Pr esid en t sh all caus e a cop y th er eof togeth er with a memo r andu m expl aining , as r esp ects th e cas es , if an y, wh er e th e advi ce of th e Commi s sion was not accept ed , th e r e asons for su ch non- accept an ce to b e l aid b efore each Hous e of P arli a me nt . (2) It sh all b e th e dut y of a S t at e Co mmi ssion to pr es ent annu all y to th e Gov ernor of th e St at e a r eport as to th e work don e b y th e Co mm is sion, and it sh al l b e th e duty of a Jo int Commi s sion to pr es ent annu all y to th e Gov e rnor of each of th e St ates th e n e eds of whi ch ar e s erv ed b y th e Joint Co mmi ssion a r eport as to th e work don e b y th e Co mmi ssion in r e lation to th at St at e, and in eith er cas e th e Gov ernor , sh all , on r e ce ipt of su ch r eport , caus e a copy th er eof tog ether with a me mor andu m exp l aining , as r esp ects th e cas es , if an y, wh er e th e advi ce of th e Co mmi ssion was no t accept ed , th e r e asons for su ch non- acce pt an ce to b e l aid b efor e th e L egisl atu r e of th e St at e .
P A R T XI VA T R I BU N A LS 323 A. Ad mi nistrativ e t ribuna ls .— (1) P ar li a me nt ma y, b y l a w, provid e for th e adjudi cation or tr i al b y ad mini str a tiv e tribun als of disput es and co mp l aints with r esp ect to r e cru it ment and condition s of s erv i c e of p ersons appoint ed to publ i c s ervi ces and posts in conn ection with th e aff airs of th e Un ion or of an y S t at e or of an y lo cal or oth er author it y within th e t er ritor y of Indi a or und er th e control of th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or of an y corpor ation o wned or control l ed b y th e G o v er n me n t . (2) A l aw ma d e und er cl aus e (1) ma y— (a) provid e for th e est abl ish ment of an ad min istr at iv e tribun al for th e Union and a s epar at e ad minis tr ativ e t ribun al for each S t at e or for t wo or mor e St at es; (b) sp ecif y th e jurisd i ction , powers (in c luding th e power to punish for cont empt) and author it y wh i ch ma y b e ex er ci s ed b y each of th e s aid tribun als; ( c) provid e for th e pro c edur e (including prov isions as to li mit a tion and rul es of evid en ce ) to b e follo wed b y th e s aid tribun als ; (d) ex clud e th e jur isdi ction of all cour ts, ex cept th e jurisd i ction of th e Supr eme Cou rt und er arti cl e 136 , wi th r esp ect to th e disput es or co mpl aints r ef err ed to in claus e (1); ( e) provid e for th e tr ansf er to each su ch ad ministr a tiv e tribun al of an y cas es p ending befor e an y court or oth er authorit y i mme d i at el y b efor e th e est ab lish ment of su ch tribun al as would h av e b een within th e jurisd i ction of su ch tribun al if th e caus es of action on whi ch su ch suits or proceedings ar e b as ed h ad aris en aft er su ch est abli sh men t; (f) r ep e a l or a me nd an y o rd er ma d e b y th e P r esid ent und er cl ause (3) of a rt i cl e 371 D; (g) cont ain su ch suppl ement al , in cid ent al and cons equ ent i al p rovis ions (in c luding provision s as to f e es) as P arli a me nt ma y d e em n ecess ar y for th e eff e ct iv e fun c tioning of , and for th e sp eed y dispos al of cas es by, and th e enfor cement of th e ord ers of , such tribun al s. (3) Th e provisions of this art i cle sh all h av e effect not with st anding an ything in an y oth er provision of this Consti tution or in any oth er l a w for th e ti me b eing in force. 3 2 3 B . T ri b u n a l s f o r o t h e r mat t e rs .— ( 1 ) Th e a p p r o p r i a t e L eg i s l atu r e ma y , b y l a w, p rovid e for th e adjudi cat ion or tri al b y tribun als of an y disput es , co mpl aints , or off en c es with r esp ect to all or any of th e mat t ers sp ecifi ed in cl aus e (2) with r esp ect to whi ch su ch Leg isl ature h as power to ma k e l aws. (2) Th e mat t ers r ef err ed to in claus e (1) ar e th e fol lowing, n a mel y: — (a) l ev y, ass essmen t , co ll ection and en for cement of an y t ax; (b) for eign ex chang e , i mpo rt and export across custo ms front i ers; ( c) indus tri al and l abour disput es; (d) l and r efor ms b y way of acquis ition b y th e Stat e of an y est at e as d efin ed in art i cle 31A or of an y righ ts th er ein or th e extinguishme n t or mo difi cat ion o f an y su ch rights or b y way of ceiling on agri cul tur al l and or in a n y o t h er w a y; ( e) ceil ing on urb an prop ert y; (f) el ections to eith er Hous e of P arl i a ment or the Hou s e or ei th er Hous e of th e Legisl atur e of a St at e, but ex cluding th e ma tt ers r ef err ed to in arti cl e 329 and arti cl e 329A;
(g) produ ct ion, pro cur ement , suppl y and distr ibution of food-s tuffs (in c luding ed ible oils eeds and oil s) and su ch oth er goods as th e Pr esid ent ma y, b y publi c notif ication , d e cl ar e to b e ess enti al goods for th e purpos e of this art i cl e and control of pri c es of su ch goods; (h) r ent , its r egul at ion and control and t en an c y is sues in cluding th e right , ti tl e and int er est of l andlord s and t en ants ; (i) off en c es ag ains t l aws with resp ect to an y of th e matt ers sp ec if i ed in sub- cl au s es (a ) to ( h) and f e es in r esp ect of an y of thos e ma tt ers; (j) an y matt er incid ent al to an y of th e matt ers sp ecif i ed in sub-cl aus es (a) to ( i) . (3) A l aw ma d e und er cl aus e (1) ma y— (a) provid e for th e est abl ish ment of a hi er ar ch y of tribun als; (b) sp ecif y th e jurisd i ction , powers (in c luding th e power to punish for cont empt) and author it y wh i ch ma y b e ex er ci s ed b y each of th e s aid tribun als; ( c) provid e for th e pro c edur e (including prov isions as to li mit a tion and rul es of evid en ce ) to b e follo wed b y th e s aid tribun als ; (d) ex clud e th e jur isdi ction of all cour ts, ex cept th e jurisd i ction of th e Supr eme Cou rt und er arti cl e 136 , wi th r esp ect to all or an y of th e ma tt ers f al ling within the jurisd i ction of th e s aid tribun als ; ( e) provid e for th e tr ansf er to each su ch tribun al of an y cas e s p ending b efor e an y court or an y o th er author it y i mme di at el y b efor e th e est ab lish ment of su ch tribun al as wou ld h av e b e en within th e jur isdi ction of su ch tribun al i f th e caus es of action on whi ch su ch suits or proceedings ar e b ased h ad aris en a ft er su ch est abli sh men t; (f) cont ain such suppl ement al , in cid ent al and cons equ ent i al p rovis ions (in c luding provision s as to f e es) as th e appropriat e Legisl atur e ma y d eem n ecess ar y for the eff e ctiv e fun ction ing o f, and for th e sp eed y dispo sal o f cas es b y, and the enfor cement of th e ord ers of , su ch tribun als . (4) Th e provisions of this art i cle sh all h av e effect not with st anding an ything in an y oth er provision of this Consti tution or in any oth er l a w for th e ti me b eing in force. Explanation . —In this art i cl e , “ appropri a t e L egi sl atu r e ”, in r el a tion to an y ma t t er , me an s Pa rl i a ment or , as th e c as e ma y b e, a St a t e L egi sl atur e co mp et ent to ma k e l aws wi th r esp ect to su ch ma t t er in accordan ce with th e provis ions o f P ar t XI.
PART XV ELECTIONS 324 . Sup er int end en ce, d i rection and cont rol of el ection s to b e v est ed in an E l e ction Co mmis sion .— (1) The sup erint end enc e , d ir e ction and control of th e pr ep ar at ion of th e el ector al ro lls for , and th e condu ct of , all el ec tion s to P arl i a ment and to th e Legisl ature of ev er y S t at e and o f el ections to th e offi ces of Pr esid en t and Vi ce-Pr e sid ent h eld und er this Const itution sh al l b e v est ed in a Co mmi ssion (r ef err ed to in thi s Consti tution as th e El ection Commi s sion) . (2) Th e El ection Co mmis sion shall cons ist of the Chi ef El ection Co mmis sion er and su ch nu mb er of oth er El ection Co mmis sion ers , if an y, as th e Pr esid ent may fro m ti me to ti me fix and th e appoint me nt of the Chi ef El ection Co mmis sion er and oth er El ection Co mmis sion ers sh al l, subj ect to th e provisions of an y l aw ma d e in th at b eh alf b y P arli a me nt , b e ma d e b y th e Pr esid en t. (3) Wh en an y oth er El ection Commi s sion er is so appoint ed th e Chi ef El ection Co mmi ssion er sh all act as th e Ch air man of th e El ection Co mmi ss ion. (4) Befor e each g en er al el ect ion to th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e and to th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y of ea ch St at e, and b efor e th e fir st g ener al el ection and th er eaf t er b e fore each b i enni al el ect ion to th e Legisl ativ e Coun cil of each St ate h aving su ch Coun cil , th e Pr esident ma y also appoint af t er consult a tion with the El ection Co mmi ss ion su ch Region al Co mmi ssion ers as h e ma y consid er n ecessar y to assi st th e El ec tion Co mmi ssion in th e p erforman ce o f the fun ction s conf err ed on th e Co mmis sion b y cl aus e (1) . (5) Subj ect to the provision s of an y l a w mad e by P arli a ment , the condition s of s ervi ce and t enur e of offi ce of th e El ection Commi s sion ers and th e Region al C o mmi ssion ers sh al l b e su ch as th e Pr esid ent ma y b y rul e d et ermi n e: Provid ed th a t the C hi ef El e ction C o mmis sion er sh al l no t b e r e mov ed fro m h is offi ce ex cept in lik e ma nn er and on th e lik e grounds as a Judg e of th e Supr eme Court an d th e condit ions of s ervi ce of th e Ch i ef El ection Co mmi ssion er sh all not b e v ari ed to his dis adv an t age af ter his appoint me nt: Provid ed fur th er th at an y oth er El ection Co mmi ss ioner or a Region al Co mmi ssion er sh all not b e r e mo v ed fro m o ffi ce ex cept on th e r eco mme nd ation of th e Chi ef El ection Co mmis sion er . (6) Th e Pr esid ent , or th e Gov ernor of a S t at e , sh all , wh en so r equ est ed b y th e El ection Co mmi ss ion, mak e av ail ab l e to th e El ec tion Co mmi ssion or to a Region al Co mmis sion er su ch staff as ma y b e n ecess ar y for th e dis ch arg e of th e fun ct ions con f err ed on th e E l e ction Co mmi ssion b y c l aus e (1) . 325 . No p e rson to b e in elig ibl e fo r in clus ion in, o r to cla i m to b e in clud ed in a sp ecial , el ec to ral roll on grounds of religion , ra ce, cast e o r s ex .— Th er e sh al l b e on e g ener al el ecto r al roll for ev er y t err itor i al constitu ency for el ection to eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt or to th e Hou s e or eith er Hous e of th e Legisl atur e of a St at e and no p erson sh all be in elig ibl e for in clu sion in an y su ch roll or cl ai m to b e in clud ed in an y sp eci al elector al ro ll for an y su ch constitu en cy on g rounds onl y of r elig ion, r a ce, cas t e, s ex or an y of th em. 326 . El ections to th e Hous e of th e Peopl e and to th e Legislat iv e Ass e mb li es of Stat es to b e on th e basis of adult suf f rage.— Th e el ection s to th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e and to th e L egisl at ive A ss e mb l y o f ev er y St at e sh al l b e on th e b a sis of adult suf fr ag e; th at is to s a y, ever y p erson who is a cit izen of Indi a and who i s not l ess th an eight een years of ag e on su ch d a t e as ma y b e fix ed in th at b eh alf by or und er an y l aw ma d e b y th e appropri a t e Legi sl atu r e and is not oth er wis e disqu a lifi ed under this Const itution or an y l a w ma d e b y th e appropri a t e Legisl atur e on th e ground of non-r es id en c e, unsoundn ess of mind , cri me or corrupt or i ll eg al pr act ice, sh al l b e entit l ed to b e r egist er ed as a vot er at an y su ch e l e ct io n .
327 . Pow er of Pa rlia me n t to ma ke p rovision w ith resp ect to el ect ions to Legisla tu r es. — Subj ect to th e provis ions of this Const itution , P arl i a ment ma y fro m ti me to ti me b y l aw mak e provis ion wi th r esp ect to all matters r el a ting to, or in conn ection with , el ections to eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt or to th e Hou s e or eith er Hous e of th e Legisl atur e of a St at e in cluding th e pr ep ar ation of el ecto r al rol ls, th e d el i mit at ion o f cons titu en ci es and all oth er matt ers n ecess ar y for s e curing th e due consti tution of su ch Hous e or Hous es . 328 . Pow er of Legisla tu r e of a Stat e to ma ke p rovision w ith resp e ct to el ect ions to su ch Legislatu re.— Subj ect to th e provision s of this Const itution a nd in so f ar as provis ion in th at b eh alf is not ma d e b y P ar li ame n t , th e Legisl atur e o f a St at e ma y f ro m ti me to ti me b y l a w ma k e provision with r esp ect to all matt er s r el at ing to, or in conn ection with, th e el ections to th e Hou s e or eith er Hous e of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e in cluding th e pr ep aration of el ecto ral rol ls and al l o ther matt ers n ecess ar y for s e curing th e du e con stitut ion o f su ch H o u s e o r Ho u s es . 329 . Ba r to int erf eren ce by co urts in el ecto ral ma t t e rs .— Not with st anding an ything in th is Consti tution — (a ) t h e v alid it y of an y l a w r e l ating to th e d eli mit a tion of con stitu en ci es or th e allo t men t of s e ats to su ch const itu en ci es , ma d e or purporting to b e mad e und er arti cl e 327 or arti cl e 328 , sh all not b e call ed in qu estion in an y cou rt; (b ) n o el ection to eith er Hous e of P arli a ment or to th e Hous e or eith er Hous e of th e Legis l atur e of a Stat e sh al l b e called in qu estion ex cept b y an el ect ion p e tition pr es ent ed to such authorit y and in su ch mann er as may b e provid ed for b y or und er an y l aw ma d e b y th e appropri a t e Legi sl atu r e. 3 2 9 A . [Sp ecial pro vis ion a s to el ect ions to Parlia ment in th e cas e of Pri m e Minist er and Spea k er . ] Rep . b y th e Constitu tion (F ort y-fou rth Amendmen t ) Act, 1978 , s . 36 (w . e . f . 2 0 - 6 - 1 9 7 9 ) .
PART XVI SPECIAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CLASSES 330 . Res e rvat ion of s eats fo r Sch edul ed Cast es and S ch edul ed Trib es in th e H o u s e o f t h e P eo p l e .—(1) S eats sh all b e r es erv ed in th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e for — (a) th e S ch edul ed Cast es; (b) th e S ch edul ed Trib es ex cept th e S ch edul ed Trib es in th e autono mous dis tri cts of Ass am; a nd ( c) th e S ch edul ed Trib es in th e autono mous distri cts o f Ass a m. (2) Th e nu mb er of s e ats r es erv ed in an y S t at e or Union t erri tory for th e S ch edul ed C ast es or th e S ch ed ule d Trib es und er c l aus e (1) sh al l b e ar , as n e a rl y as ma y b e , th e same p roportion to th e tot a l nu mb er of s e ats allott ed to th at S t ate or Union t erri tor y in th e Hous e of th e P eopl e as th e popul ation of th e S ch edul ed Cast es in th e Stat e or Union t erri tor y o r of th e S ch edul ed Trib es in th e St at e or Union t erri tor y or p art of th e Stat e or Union t erri tor y, as th e cas e may b e , in r esp ect of whi ch s e ats ar e so r es erv ed , b e ars to th e tot al popul ation of th e St at e or Union t erri tor y. (3) Not withs t anding an ything cont ain ed in cl aus e (2) , th e nu mber of s e ats r es erv ed in th e Hous e of th e P eopl e for th e S chedul ed Trib es in th e au tono mous dis tri cts of Ass am s h all b e ar to th e tot al nu mb er of s e ats al lott ed to th at St at e a proport ion no t less th an th e popul at ion o f th e Sch edul ed Trib es in th e s aid autono mous distri cts b ears to the tot al popul ation of th e St at e. Explanation . —In this art i cl e and in arti cl e 332 , th e expr ession “popul at ion ” me an s th e population as as cert ain ed at th e l ast pr eceding census of wh i ch th e r el ev an t f igur es h av e b e en publ ish ed: Provid ed th at the r ef er en c e in this Explanat ion to th e l ast pr eceding census of w hi ch th e r el eva nt figur e s h av e b e en pub lish ed sh al l, unt il th e rel ev ant figu r es for th e fir st census t ak en aft er th e year 2026 h av e b e en pub lished , b e cons tru ed as a r ef er en ce to th e 2001 cen sus . 331 . Rep r es entation of th e Anglo-I ndian Co mmu n ity in th e Hous e of th e P e o p l e .— Not with st anding an ything in arti cl e 81 , th e P r esid ent ma y, i f h e is of opinion th at th e Anglo-Indi an co mmun it y is not ad equ at el y r epres ent ed in th e Hous e of th e P eopl e, no min at e not mor e th an two me mb ers of th at co mmu nit y to th e Hous e of th e P eopl e. 332 . Res e rvat ion of s eats fo r Sch edul ed Cast es and S ch edul ed Trib es in th e Legisla tiv e As se mb li es of th e Stat es . — (1 ) S eats sh al l b e r es erv ed for th e S ch edul ed C ast es and th e S ch edul ed Trib es , ex ce pt th e S ch edule d Trib es in th e autono mous distri cts o f Ass a m, in th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mb l y o f ev er y St at e. (2) S e ats sh al l be r es erv ed also for th e autono mous dist ri cts in th e L egisl at iv e A ss e mbl y of th e St at e of Ass a m. (3) Th e nu mb er of s e ats r es erv ed for th e S ch edul ed Cast es or the S ch edul ed T rib es in th e L egis l ativ e Ass e mbl y of an y St at e und er cl aus e (1) sh all b e ar , as n e arl y as ma y be, th e s a me proport ion to the to tal nu mb er of s eats in th e Ass e mb l y as th e popul ation of th e S ch edul ed Ca st es in th e St ate or of th e S ch edul ed Trib es in th e St at e or p art of th e St ate, as th e cas e ma y b e, in r esp ect of whi ch s e ats ar e so r es erv ed , b e ars to th e tot al popul at ion of th e St at e. (3 A) Not withst anding an ything cont ain ed in cl aus e (3) , until the t aking eff e ct , und er arti cl e 170 , o f th e r e - adjust ment , on th e basis of th e fi rst census aft er th e year 2026 , of the nu mb er of s e ats in th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mbli es of th e St at es of A r u n a ch al P r ade s h , M eg h al a y a , M i zor a m and Na g al an d , t h e s e ats whi ch s h all b e r es erv ed for th e S ch edul ed Tribes in th e Legislativ e Ass e mbl y of an y su ch S t ate sh al l b e ,—
(a) if all th e s e ats in th e Legis l ativ e Ass e mbl y of su ch St ate in exist en ce on th e d at e of co ming into for ce of th e Consti tution (Fift y-s ev enth Amend ment ) Act , 1987 (h er ea ft er in th is cl aus e r ef err ed to as th e exist ing Ass e mbl y) ar e h eld b y me mb ers of th e S ch edule d Trib es , all the s e ats ex c ept on e; (b) in an y o th er c as e , su ch nu mb er of s e ats as b e ars to th e tot al nu mb er of s e ats , a proportion not l ess th an th e nu mb er ( a s on th e s aid d at e) of me mb ers b elonging to th e S ch edul ed Tribes in th e exist ing Ass e mb l y b e ars to th e tot a l nu mb er of s e ats in th e exist ing Ass e mbl y. (3 B) Not withst anding an ything cont ain ed in cl aus e (3) , until the r e- adjus t ment , und er arti cl e 170 , t ak es eff e ct on th e b asis of the firs t censu s aft er th e year 2026 , of th e nu mb er of s e ats in th e Legis l ativ e Ass e mbl y of th e St at e of Tripur a, th e s e ats whi ch sh all b e r es erv ed for th e S ch edul ed Trib es in th e Legis l ativ e A ss e mbl y sh all b e , su ch nu mb er of s e ats as b e ars to th e tot al numb e r of s e ats , a proport ion not l ess th an th e numb e r , as on th e d at e of co ming into for ce of th e Consti tution (S ev ent y-s econd Amen d men t) Act , 1992, of me mb ers b elonging to th e S ch edul ed Trib es in th e Legis l ativ e Ass e mbl y in exis ten ce on th e s aid d at e b e ars to th e tot al nu mb er of s e ats in th at Ass e mbl y. (4) Th e nu mb er of s e ats r es erv ed for an au tonomo us distr i ct in th e Legisl ativ e A ss e mbl y of th e St at e of Ass a m sh al l b e ar to th e tot al nu mb er of s e ats in th at Ass e mbl y a p roport ion no t less th an th e popul ation of th e dist rict b e ars to th e tot a l popu l ation of th e St at e. (5) Th e constituen ci es for th e s eats r es erv ed for an y autono mous distr i ct of Ass a m sh all not co mp ris e an y ar ea outsid e th at dis tri ct . (6) No person who is not a me mb er of a S ch edu led Trib e of an y autono mous dis tri ct of th e St at e of Ass a m sh all b e elig ibl e for el ect ion to th e Legisl at iv e A ss e mbl y of th e St at e fro m a n y c onst itu en c y o f th at di stri ct : Provid ed th at for el ections to th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y of th e St at e of Ass a m, th e r epres ent a tion o f the S ch edul ed Trib es and non-S chedul ed Trib es in th e const itu en cies in clud ed in th e Bodol and Terri tori al Ar eas Distr i ct , so noti fi ed , and exis ting prior to th e consti tution of Bodol and Terri tori al Ar eas D istr i ct , sh all be ma i nt ain ed . 333 . Rep r es entation of th e Anglo-I ndian co mmu n ity in th e Le gis lativ e Ass e mb li es of th e Stat es .— Not with st anding an ything in art i cle 170, th e Gov ernor of a St at e ma y, if h e is of opinion th at th e Anglo-Indian co mmuni t y n e eds r epr es entation in th e Legis l ativ e Ass e mbl y of th e St at e and is not ad equ at el y r epres ent ed th er ein, no min at e on e me mb er of th at co mmun it y to the A s s e mbl y . 334. Reservation of seats and special representation to cease after sixty years.— Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Part, the provisions of this Constitution relating to— (a) the reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States; and (b) the representation of the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People and in the Legislative Assemblies of the States by nomination, shall cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of sixty years from the commencement of this Constitution: Provided that nothing in this article shall affect any representation in the House of the People or in the Legislative Assembly of a State until the dissolution of the then existing House or Assembly, as the case may be. 335. Claims of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.—The claims of the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes shall be taken into consideration, consistently with the maintenance of efficiency of administration, in the making of appointments to services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of a State:
Provided that nothing in this article shall prevent in making of any provision in favour of the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes for relaxation in qualifying marks in any examination or lowering the standards of evaluation, for reservation in matters or promotion to any class or classes of services or posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or of a State. 336. Special provision for Anglo-Indian community in certain services.— (1) During the first two years after the commencement of this Constitution, appointments of members of the AngloIndian community to posts in the railway, customs, postal and telegraph services of the Union shall be made on the same basis as immediately before the fifteenth day of August, 1947. During every succeeding period of two years, the number of posts reserved for the members of the said community in the said services shall, as nearly as possible, be less by ten per cent. than the numbers so reserved during the immediately preceding period of two years: Provided that at the end of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution all such reservations shall cease. (2) Nothing in clause (1) shall bar the appointment of members of the Anglo-Indian community to posts other than, or in addition to, those reserved for the community under that clause if such members are found qualified for appointment on merit as compared with the members of other communities. 337. Special provision with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian community.— During the first three financial years after the commencement of this Constitution, the same grants, if any, shall be made by the Union and by each State for the benefit of the Anglo-Indian community in respect of education as were made in the financial year ending on the thirty-first day of March, 1948. During every succeeding period of three years the grants may be less by ten per cent. than those for the immediately preceding period of three years : Provided that at the end of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution such grants, to the extent to which they are a special concession to the Anglo-Indian community, shall cease: Provid ed fur th er th at no edu c ation al ins titution sh al l b e enti tl ed to r eceiv e an y gr ant und er thi s a rti c le unl e ss at l e as t fo rt y p e r c e nt . of th e annu al ad mission s th er ein ar e ma de av ail abl e to me mb ers of co mmunit i es oth er th an th e Ang loIndi an co mmun it y. 338. National Commission for Scheduled Castes.— (1) There shall be a Commission for the Scheduled Castes to be known as the National Commission for the Scheduled Castes. (2) Subject to the provisions of any law made in this behalf by Parliament, the Commission shall consist of a Chairperson, Vice- Chairperson and three other Members and the conditions of service and tenure of office of the Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and other Members so appointed shall be such as the President may by rule determine. (3) Th e Ch a irp erson , Vi c e- Ch airp erson and othe r M e mb ers of th e Co mmis sion sh al l b e appointed b y th e P r esident b y warr ant und er his h and and s e al . (4) Th e Co mmi ssion sh al l h av e th e power to r egul at e i ts own pro c edur e. (5) It sh al l b e the dut y of th e Commi s sion — (a) to inv es tig ate and moni tor all matt ers r el a ting to th e s af egu ards provid ed for th e S ch edul ed Castes und er this Const itution or und er an y oth er l a w for th e ti me b eing in for ce or und er an y o rd er of th e Gov e rn me nt and to ev alu at e th e wo rking of su ch s af egu ards ; (b) to inqui r e into sp ecif i c co mpl ain ts with r esp ect to th e d epriv ation of righ ts and s af egu ards of th e S chedul ed Cast es; ( c) to p art icip ate and adv is e on th e pl anning process of so cio- econo mi c d ev elop me nt of th e S ch edul ed Ca st es and to eva lu at e th e progre ss of th eir d ev elop me nt und er th e Union and an y S t at e; (d) to pr es ent to th e Pr esid ent , annu all y and at su ch oth er ti me s a s th e Co mmi ssion ma y d eem f it, r eports upon th e working of thos e s af egu ards ; ( e) to mak e in su ch r eports r e commen d a tions as to th e measu r es th at should b e t ak en b y th e Un ion o r an y St at e for the eff e ctiv e i mplemen t ation of
thos e s af egu ards and oth er me asur es for th e prot ect ion, welf are and so cioe c ono mi c d ev elop me nt of th e Sc h edul ed C ast es ; and (f) to di s ch arg e su ch oth er fun ctions in r el a tion to th e prot ect ion , wel f ar e a nd d ev elop me nt and adv an c e me nt of th e S ch edul ed C ast es as th e Pr esid ent ma y, sub j ect to th e provis ions of an y l a w ma d e b y P arli a me nt , by rul e sp ecif y. (6) Th e Pr esid ent sh al l c aus e all su ch r eports to b e l aid b efor e ea c h Hou s e of P arl i a ment along with a me mo randu m exp l aining th e action t ak en or propos ed to b e t ak en on th e r e co mme nd ations r el at ing to th e Union an d th e reasons for th e n o n - a c c ep t an c e , i f an y , o f an y o f s u ch r e co mme n d at i o n s. (7) Wh er e an y su ch r eport , or an y p art th er eof , r el a t es to an y ma tt er wi th w hi ch an y S t at e G ove rn men t is c on c ern ed , a cop y of su ch r eport sh al l b e for w ard ed to the Gov e rnor o f th e St at e who shall caus e it to be l aid b efor e th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e along with a me mor andu m exp l aining th e action t ak en or propos ed to b e tak en on th e recomme n d a tions r el at ing to th e S t at e and th e r e asons for th e non- accept an ce, if an y, of an y of su ch r e co mme nd ation s. (8) Th e Co mmi ssion sh al l, while inv est igating an y matt er r ef err ed to in subc l aus e (a) or inquir ing into an y co mp l aint r ef err ed to in sub- cl aus e (b) of cl ause (5) , h av e all th e po we rs of a civil cour t tr ying a suit and in p arti cu l ar in r esp ect of th e follo wing mat t ers , n a mely :— (a) su mmo ning and enfor cing the att end an ce of an y p erson fro m an y p a rt of Indi a and ex ami ning hi m on oath; (b) r equir ing the dis cov er y and produ ct ion of an y do cu men t; ( c) r eceiving evid en ce on affid avit s; (d) r equis itioning an y pub li c r e cord or cop y th ereof fro m an y court or offi ce; ( e) issu ing co mmi ssion s fo r th e ex amin ation of witn ess e s and do cu ments; (f) an y oth er matt er whi ch th e Pr esid en t may, by rul e , d et er mine. (9) Th e Un ion and ev er y St at e Gov ern me nt sh all consu lt th e Co mmi ssion on all ma j or poli c y ma tt es af f e cting S ch edul ed Cast es . (10) In this ar ticl e , r ef er en c es to th e S ch edul ed Cast es sh all b e constru ed as in clud ing re f er en c es to su ch othe r b a ck w ard c l ass es as th e Pr esid ent ma y, on r eceip t of th e r eport of a Co mmiss ion appoin t ed und er cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 340 , b y ord er sp ecif y and also to th e Anglo-Indi an commu n it y. 338A. National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.—(1) There shall be a Commission for the Scheduled Tribes to be known as the National Commission for the Scheduled Tribes. (2) Subject to the provisions of any law made in this behalf by Parliament, the Commission shall consist of a Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and three other Members and the conditions of service and tenure of office of the Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and other Members so appointed shall be such as the President by rule determine. (3) The Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson and other Members of the Commission shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal. (4) The Commission shall have the power to regulate its own procedure. (5) It shall be the duty of the Commission— (a) to investigate and monitor all matters relating to the safeguards provided for the Scheduled Tribes under this Constitution or under any other law for the time being in force or under any order of the Government and to evaluate the working of such safeguards; (b) to inquire into specific complaints with respect to the deprivation of rights and safeguards of the Scheduled Tribes; (c) to participate and advise on the planning process of socio-economic development of the Scheduled Tribes and to evaluate the progress of their development under the Union and any State;
(d) to present to the President, annually and at such other times as the Commission may deem fit, reports upon the working of those safeguards; (e) to make in such reports recommendation as to the measures that should be taken by the Union or any State for the effective implementation of those safeguards and other measures for the protection, welfare and socioeconomic development of the Scheduled Tribes; and (f) to discharge such other functions in relation to the protection, welfare and development and advancement of the Scheduled Tribes as the President may, subject to the provisions of any law made by Parliament, by rule specify. (6) The President shall cause all such reports to be laid before each House of Parliament along with a memorandum explaining the action taken or proposed to be taken on the recommendations relating to the Union and the reasons for the non-acceptance, if any, of any such recommendations.
(7) Where any such report, or any part thereof, relates to any matter with which any State Government is concerned, a copy of such report shall be forwarded to the Governor of the State who shall cause it to be laid before the Legislature of the State along with a memorandum explaining the action taken or proposed to be taken on the recommendations relating to the State and the reasons for the non-acceptance, if any, of any of such recommendations. (8) The Commission shall, while investigating any matter referred to in sub-clause (a) or inquiring into any complaint referred to in sub-clause (b) of clause (5), have all the powers of a civil court trying a suit and in particular in respect of the following matters, namely: — (a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person from any part of India and examining him on oath; (b) requiring the discovery and production of any document; (c) receiving evidence on affidavits; (d) requisitioning any public record or copy thereof from any court or office; (e) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses and documents; (f) any other matter which the President may, by rule, determine. (9) The Union and every State Government shall consult the Commission on all major policy matters affecting Scheduled Tribes. 339 . Cont ro l of th e Un ion ov er th e ad min ist ration of S ch eduled Ar ea s and th e w elfa re of S ch edul ed Tribes .—(1 ) Th e Pr esid en t may at any ti me and shall, at th e expir at ion of t en years fro m th e co mme n cemen t of this Const itution b y ord er appoint a Co mmi ssion to report on th e admi nis tr ation of th e S ch edul ed A r e as and th e we lf ar e of th e S ch edul ed Trib es in th e St at es . Th e ord e r ma y d efin e th e co mposi tion , po wers and pro c edur e of th e Co mmi ssion and ma y cont ain such in cid ent al or an cil l ar y p rovisions as th e Pr esid en t ma y consid er n ecess ary or d esir abl e. (2) Th e ex ecut iv e power of th e Union sh all ext end to th e giving of dir e ction s to a St at e as to th e dr awing up and ex ecution of s ch e mes sp ecified in th e dir e ction to b e ess ent i al for th e welf ar e of th e Sch edul ed Trib es in th e St at e. 340 . Appo int ment of a Co mmi s sion to inv est igat e th e conditions of ba ckw a rd classes .—(1 ) Th e Pr esid en t ma y b y ord er appoint a Co mmi ssion consis ting of such p ersons as h e thinks fi t to inv est ig at e th e condit ions of so ci all y and education a ll y b a ckward cl ass es within th e t err itor y of Indi a and the diff i culti es under whi ch th ey l abour and to make r e co mme nd at ions as to th e st eps th at shou ld b e tak en b y th e Union or an y S t at e to r e mov e su ch diff i culti es and to i mprov e th eir condit ion and as to th e gr ants th at should b e mad e for th e purpos e b y th e Un ion o r an y St at e and the condition s subj ect to whi ch such gr ants should
b e mad e , and the ord er appointing su ch Co mmi ssion sh al l d e fine th e pro c edur e to b e follo w ed b y th e Co mmis sion . (2) A Co mmi ss ion so appoint ed sh al l inv estig at e th e ma tt ers r ef err ed to th em and pr es ent to th e Pr esid ent a report s et ting out th e f a cts as found b y th em and ma k ing su ch r e co mme nd ations as th ey think prop er . (3) Th e Pr esid ent sh al l caus e a cop y of th e r eport so pr es ent ed tog eth er with a me mo r a ndu m expl ain ing th e a c tion t ak en th er eon to b e l aid b efor e e a ch Hous e of P arl i a ment . 341 . Sch ed ul ed C ast es .— (1) The Pr esid ent may with r esp ect to an y St at e or Union t erri tor y, and wh er e i t i s a St at e, aft er consul t ation with th e Gov ernor th er eof , b y publi c noti fi c ation , sp ecif y th e castes , r aces or tribes or p arts of or groups within ca st es , r a ces or trib es whi ch sh all for th e purposes of this Consti tution b e d eemed to b e S ch edul ed Cast es in r el at ion to th at St at e or Union t err itor y, as th e cas e may b e . (2) P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w in clud e in or ex clude fro m th e list of S ch edul ed Cast es sp eci fi ed in a no tifi c at ion issu ed und er cl au s e (1) an y cast e, r ace or tribe or p art of or group within an y ca st e, r ace or trib e, bu t s av e as afor es aid a noti fi c ation issued und er th e s aid cl aus e sh all not b e v ari ed b y an y subs equ ent noti fi c ation . 342 . Sch ed ul ed T r ib es .—(1) The Pr esid ent ma y with r esp ect to an y St at e or Union t erri tor y, and wh er e i t i s a St at e, aft er consul t ation with th e Gov ernor th er eof , b y publi c noti fi c ation , sp ecif y th e tr ib es or trib al co mm unit i es or p a rts of or groups within tr ib es o r trib al co mmun iti es whi ch sh all for th e purpos es of thi s Cons titution b e d eemed to b e S ch edul ed Trib es in r el a tion to th at St at e or Union t erri tor y, as th e cas e may b e. (2) Parliament may by law include in or exclude from the list of Scheduled Tribes specified in a notification issued under clause (1) any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or tribal community, but save as aforesaid a notification issued under the said clause shall not be varied by any subsequent notification.
PART XVII OFFICIAL LANGUAGE C HA P TE R I.—L A NG U A GE OF T H E U N I ON 343 . Off i cial languag e of th e Union .—(1 ) The offi ci al l anguag e of th e Un ion sh al l b e Hindi in Dev an ag a ri s crip t. Th e for m of numer als to b e us ed for th e offi ci al purpos es of the Un ion sh all b e th e int e rnation al for m of Indi an nu mer als . (2) Not withs t anding an ything in cl aus e (1) , for a p eriod of fift ee n years fro m th e co mmen c ement of this Consti tution , th e Engli sh l angu age shall cont inu e to be us ed for all th e offi ci al purpos es of th e Un ion for whi ch it was b eing us ed i mme d i at el y b efor e su ch co mme n c e me nt: Provid ed th at the Pr esid ent ma y, du ring th e s aid p eriod , b y ord er authori s e the us e of th e Hindi l angu ag e in addit ion to th e English l angu ag e and of th e Dev an ag ari form o f nu mer al s in addition to the int ern at ion al for m of Indi an nu me r als for any of th e offi ci al purpos es of th e Union. (3) Not withs t anding an ything in this art i cl e , P arli a me nt ma y b y l a w provid e for th e us e, aft er th e s aid p eriod of fift een years, o f— (a) th e English langu ag e, o r (b) th e Dev an agari for m of nu me r als , for su ch purposes as ma y b e specif i ed in th e l aw. 344 . Co mmi s sion and Co mmi t tee of Pa rlia me nt on offi cia l languag e .—(1) Th e Pr esid ent sh all , at th e expir at ion of f ive years fro m th e comme n c emen t of thi s Cons titution and th er eaft er at th e expir ation of t en years fro m su ch co mmen cement , b y o rd er con stitut e a Co mmi ssion whi ch sh all consi st o f a Ch air man and su ch oth er me mbers r epr es en ting th e diff er ent l angu ag es sp ecif ied in th e Eighth S ch edul e as th e Presid en t ma y appoint , and th e ord er sh all d efin e th e pro c edur e to b e follo wed b y th e Co mmi ssion. (2) It sh al l b e the dut y of th e Commi s sion to mak e r e co mmend ations to th e Pr esid en t as to— (a) th e progr essiv e us e of th e Hindi l angu ag e for th e offi cial purpos es of th e Union; (b) r est ri ctions on th e us e of the English l anguag e for all or any of th e offi ci al purpos es of th e Un ion; ( c) th e l angu ag e to b e u s ed fo r all or an y of th e purpos es me ntion ed in a rt i cl e 348 ; (d) th e for m of nu me r als to b e us ed for an y one or mor e sp eci fi ed purpos es of th e Union; ( e) an y oth er matt er r e f err ed to th e Co mmis sion b y th e Pr esid ent as r eg ards th e off ici al l angu ag e of th e Un ion and th e l angu ag e for co mmun i cation b et w een th e Un ion and a St at e or b et w een on e St at e and anoth er and th eir us e. (3) In ma king their r e co mme n d ation s und er cl aus e (2) , th e Co mmi ssion sh all h av e du e r egard to th e industr i al , cultur al and sci ent ifi c adv an cemen t of Indi a, and th e just cl aims and th e int erests of p ersons b elonging to th e non- Hindi sp eaking ar eas in r eg ard to th e publi c s erv i c es. (4) Th er e sh all b e consti tut ed a Co mmi tt ee consi sting of thirt y memb er s, of w ho m t w ent y sha ll b e me mb er s of th e Hous e o f th e P eopl e and te n sh all b e me mb e r s o f the C oun cil of St at es to b e el e ct ed re sp e ct iv el y b y th e me mb ers of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e and th e me mb er s o f the Coun cil of St at es in accord an ce with th e s yst em of proport ion al r epr es en t ation by me an s of th e singl e tr ans f er abl e vote .
(5) It sh al l b e the dut y of th e Commi t t ee to ex ami n e th e r e co mmen d ations of th e Co mmi ssion consti tut ed under cl aus e (1) and to r eport to the Pr esid ent th eir opinion th ereon . (6) Not withs t anding an ything in arti cle 343 , th e Pr esid ent ma y, aft er consid er ation of th e r eport r ef err ed to in cl aus e (5) , issu e dir ections in accord an ce with th e who l e o r any p art of th at r eport . C H A P T E R I I. — R E G I O N A L L A N G U A G E S 345 . Off i cial languag e o r languag es of a State.—Subj ect to th e provision s of a r t i cl es 3 4 6 an d 3 4 7 , t h e L eg i s la t u r e o f a S t at e ma y b y l a w ad o p t an y o n e o r mor e of th e l angu ag es in us e in th e Stat e or Hindi as th e l angu ag e or langu ag es to b e us ed for all or an y of th e offi ci al purpos es of that St at e: Provid ed th at, unti l th e Legi sl atur e of th e St at e oth er wis e prov id es b y l a w, th e English l angu age sh all continu e to b e u s ed fo r thos e offi ci al purpos es with in the St at e for whi ch it w as b eing u s ed i mme d i at el y be for e th e co mme n c e me nt of this Consti tution . 346 . Off i cial languag e fo r co mmu n i cation b etw een o ne Stat e and anoth er o r b etw e en a Sta t e and th e Union .— Th e l angu ag e for th e ti me b eing authoris ed for us e in th e Union for offi ci al purpos es sh al l b e th e offi ci al l angu ag e for c o mmun i c ation b et w e en on e S t at e and anoth er St at e and b et w e en a S t at e and the Union: Provid ed th at i f t wo or mor e St at es agr ee th at the Hindi l angu age should b e th e offi c i al l angu age for co mmuni ca tion b et w e en su ch St at es , th at l angu ag e ma y be us ed for su ch commu n i c ation . 347 . Special p rovis ion relating to languag e spo ken by a s e ct ion of th e populat ion o f a Stat e.— On a de ma n d b e ing ma d e in th at b eh alf th e Pr esid ent ma y, i f h e is s atisf i ed th at a subst an ti al proportion of th e popul ation of a St at e d esir e th e us e of an y l angu ag e spok en b y th em to b e r e cognis ed b y th at St at e, dir e ct that su ch l angu ag e sh all also b e offi ciall y r e cognis ed throughout th at St ate or an y p art th ereof for su ch purpos e as h e ma y sp ecif y. C H A P T E R I II.—L A N G U A G E HIGH COURTS, ETC.
OF THE
SUPREME COURT,
348 . Languag e to b e us ed in the Sup reme Court and in th e High Cou rts and fo r Acts , Bi lls , et c.—(1 ) Not wi thst and ing an ything in th e for egoing provis ions of thi s P ar t, unt il P arl i a ment b y l aw oth er wis e provid es — (a) all pro c eedings in th e Supr eme Cour t and in ev er y High Court , (b) th e authori t ativ e t ex ts— (i) of al l Bi lls to b e introdu ced or amend ment s th er eto to b e mov ed in eith er Hous e of P arl i a ment or in th e Hou s e or eith er Hous e of the Legisl atur e o f a St at e, (i i) o f all Act s pass ed b y P arli ame n t or th e Legis l atur e of a St at e and of all Ordin an c es pro mulg at ed by th e Pr esid ent or th e Gov ernor of a St at e , and (i ii) of all ord ers , rul es , r egul ations and b ye-l a ws issu ed und er this Consti tution or und er an y l a w ma d e b y P ar li ame n t or th e Legis l atur e of a S t at e , sh all b e in th e English l angu age. (2) Not withs t anding an ything in sub- cl aus e (a) of cl aus e (1) , the Gov e rnor o f a St at e ma y, wi th th e pr evious cons ent of th e Pr esid en t, author ise th e us e of th e Hindi l angu ag e, or an y o th er l angu ag e us ed for an y o ffi ci al purpos es of th e St at e, in pro c eedings in th e High Court h aving it s pr incip al s e at in th at St at e:
Provid ed th at nothing in th is claus e sh all appl y to an y judg ment , d e cr ee or ord er p ass ed or ma d e b y su ch High Court . (3) Not withs t anding an ything in sub- cl aus e (b) of cl aus e (1) , wh er e th e Legisl atur e o f a St at e h as pr es crib ed an y l anguag e oth er th an th e English l angu ag e for use in Bills in trodu ced in , o r Acts p ass ed b y, th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e or in Ordin an c es pro mulgat ed b y th e Governor of th e St ate or in an y ord er , rul e , r egul at ion or b ye-l a w r ef err ed to in p ar agraph (ii i) o f th at sub- cl au s e, a tr an s l ation of the s a me in th e Engli sh l angu ag e publi sh ed und er th e au thorit y of th e Gov ernor of th e St at e in th e Offi ci al Gazette of th at St at e sh all b e d eemed to b e th e authorit ativ e t ex t th er eof in th e English langu ag e und er this art i cl e . 349 . Special p ro c edu r e fo r enact men t of certain law s relating to languag e .—During th e p eriod of fif t een years fro m th e co mme ncemen t of this Consti tution , no Bill or amend ment ma king provis ion fo r th e langu ag e to b e u s ed for an y of th e purpos es me ntioned in cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 348 shall b e introdu ced or mov ed in ei ther Hous e o f P ar li a me nt without th e pr evious s anction of th e Pr esid en t, and th e Pr esid ent sh all not giv e his san ction to th e introdu ction of any su ch Bill or th e mo ving of an y su ch amend ment ex cept aft er h e h as t ak en into consid er ation the r e co mmend at ions of th e Co mmi ssion cons titut ed und er cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 344 and th e r eport of th e Co mmi t tee consti tut ed und er cl aus e (4) of th at ar ti cl e . C H A P T E R I V .—S P E C I A L D I R E C T I V E S 350 . Languag e to b e us ed in rep r es entat ions fo r red r ess of g ri evan ces . — Ev er y p erson shall b e enti tl ed to sub mit a r epr es ent a tion for the r edr ess of an y gri ev an ce to any offi cer or authori t y of th e Union or a S t at e in an y of th e l angu ag es us ed in th e Union or in th e St at e, as th e cas e may b e . 350 A. Fa ci liti es fo r inst ru ction in moth er-tongu e at p ri ma ry stag e.—I t sh all b e th e end e avour of ev er y St at e and of ev er y lo ca l author it y wi thin th e St at e to provid e ad equ ate f a cili ti es for instru ction in the mo th er-tongu e at th e pri mar y st ag e of edu c ation to childr en belonging to l inguis ti c mino rit y groups; and th e Pr esid en t ma y issu e su ch dir e ctions to an y St ate as h e cons id ers n e cess ar y or prop er for s e curing th e provis ion of su ch f a ciliti es . 350 B. Sp ecial Offi cer fo r linguis ti c mi no riti es .— ( 1 ) Th er e s h a l l b e a S p e ci al Offi cer for l inguis ti c mino riti es to b e appo int ed b y th e P r esid ent . (2) It sh al l b e the dut y of th e Speci al Offi cer to inv es tig at e all mat t ers r el a ting to th e s af egu ards provid ed for linguis ti c mino riti es und er thi s Const itution and r eport to th e Pr esid en t upon those ma t t ers at su ch int erv als as the Pr esid ent ma y dir e ct, and th e Pr esid en t sh all caus e all su ch reports to b e l aid b efor e each Hous e of P arli a me nt , and s ent to th e Gov ern me nts of th e St at es con c ern ed . 351 . Di rectiv e fo r d ev elop men t of th e Hind i languag e .—I t sh all b e th e dut y of th e Union to pro mot e th e spread of th e Hindi l angu ag e, to d ev elop it so th at it ma y s e rv e as a me d iu m o f expression for al l the el ements of the co mpo sit e cultu r e of Indi a and to s e cur e its enri ch me nt b y assi mi l ating without int e rf ering with it s g en ius, th e for ms , st yl e and expr essions us ed in Hindustani and in th e oth er l angu ag es of Indi a sp ecif ied in th e Eighth S ch edul e, and b y dr awing , wh er ev er n ecessar y or d esir abl e, for its vo cabul ar y, pri maril y on S anskrit and s e cond ari l y on oth er l angu ag es .
P A R T XV I I I E M E R G E NC Y P R O V I S I O NS 352 . Pro c la mation of Emerg ency .—(1) If th e Pr esid en t is s atisfi ed th at a gr av e emerg en cy exists wh er eby th e s e curit y of Indi a or of an y p art of th e t err itor y th er eof is thr e at en ed , w h eth er b y w ar or ext ern al aggre ssion or ar me d r eb el lion , h e ma y, b y Pro c l a mat ion , ma k e a d e cla r at ion to th a t eff e ct in r esp e c t of th e whol e of Indi a or of su ch p art of th e t erritor y th er eo f as ma y b e sp eci fi ed in th e Pro cl a mation . Explanation . —A Pro cl a ma tion of Emerg ency decl ar ing th at th e s e curit y of Indi a or an y p art of th e t erri tor y th er eof is thr e at en ed b y w a r or b y ext ern al aggr ess ion or by ar med r eb e llion may b e mad e b efor e th e actu al o c curr en ce of w a r or o f an y suc h aggr ession or r eb ell ion, if th e Pr esid ent i s s a tisf i ed th at th er e is i mmi n ent d ang er th er eof . (2) A Pro cl a ma tion issu ed und er cl aus e (1) ma y b e v ari ed or r evok ed b y a subs equ ent Pro cl a ma tion . (3) Th e Pr esid ent sh al l no t i ssue a P ro cl a ma tion und er cl aus e (1) or a Pro cl a ma tion v ar ying su ch Pro cla ma t ion unl ess th e d e cision of th e Un ion C ab ine t (th a t is to s a y, th e Coun cil consis ting of th e P rime Min ist er and oth er Minist er s of Cabin et r ank appoint ed und er arti cle 75) th at su ch a Pro cl a ma tion ma y b e is sued h as b e en co mmun i cat ed to hi m in wr iting. (4) Ev er y Pro cla ma t ion issu ed und er this ar ti cle sh all b e l aid be for e e a ch Hous e of Parli ame n t and sh all , ex cept wh er e it is a Pro cl a ma tion r evoking a pr evious Pro c l ama t ion , ceas e to op er at e at th e expir a tion of on e mon th un l ess b efor e th e expiration of th at p eriod it h as b e en approv ed b y r esolut ions of bo th Hous es of P arliame n t: Provid ed th at i f an y su ch Pro cl ama t ion (not b eing a P ro cl a ma tion r evoking a pr evious Pro c l ama t ion) is i ssu ed at a ti me wh en th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e h as been dis solv ed, or the dissolu tion of th e Hous e of th e P eopl e t ak es place during th e p eriod of on e month r ef err ed to in thi s clau s e, and if a r esolution approving th e Pro cl a ma tion h as b e en p ass ed by th e Coun cil of St at es , but no resolu tion with r esp e ct to su ch Pro cl a ma tion ha s b e en p ass ed b y th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e b efor e th e expir at ion of th at p eriod , the Pro cl a mation sh al l ceas e to op er at e at th e expir a tion o f thirt y d a ys fro m the d at e on whi ch th e Hous e of th e P eopl e firs t s its aft er i ts r e constitu tion , un l ess befor e th e expir ation of th e s aid p eriod of thi rt y d a ys a r esolut ion approving th e Pro cl a ma tion has b e en also p ass ed b y th e House of th e P eopl e. (5) A Pro cl a ma tion so approv ed sh all , unl ess revok ed , cease to op er at e on th e expir a tion o f a p eriod of six months fro m th e d at e of th e p assing of th e s e cond of th e r esolu tions approving th e Pro cl a ma tion und er cl aus e (4): Provid ed th at i f and so oft en as a r esolut ion approving th e continu an c e in for c e of su ch a P ro cl ama t ion is p ass ed b y bo th Hous es of P arli a me nt th e Pro cl a ma tion sh al l, unl es s r evok ed , con tinu e in for ce for a furth er p eriod of six mon ths fro m th e d at e on wh i ch it would oth erwis e h av e ceas ed to op er at e under this cl au se: Provid ed fur th er th at if th e dissolut ion o f the Hous e of th e P eople t ak es pl ace during an y su ch p eriod of six months and a r esolut ion app roving th e continu ance in for ce of su ch Pro cl a ma tion has b e en p ass ed b y th e Coun cil of St at es but no r esolu tion with r esp ect to th e continu an ce in for ce of su ch Pro cl a mation h as b een p ass ed b y th e Hous e of th e P eopl e during th e said p eriod , th e Pro cl a mation shall ceas e to op er at e at th e expir ation of thirt y d a ys fro m th e d at e on whi ch th e House of th e P eopl e first si ts aft er its reconst itution unl ess b efor e th e expir a tion of th e s aid p eriod of thir t y d a ys , a r esolut ion app roving th e continu an ce in for ce of th e Pro cl a ma tion ha s b e en also p ass ed b y th e House of th e P eopl e. (6) For th e purpos es of cl aus es (4) and (5) , a r esolu tion ma y b e p ass ed b y eith er Hous e of P arl i a ment onl y b y a ma jori t y of th e tot al me mb ership of th at
Hous e and b y a ma j ori t y of not l ess th an t wo- thirds of th e Memb ers of th at Hous e pr es ent and voting . (7) Not withs t anding an ything cont ain ed in th e for egoing cl au ses , th e Pr esid ent sh al l r evok e a Pro cl a ma tion i ssue d und er cl aus e (1) or a Pro cl a ma tion v ar ying su ch Pro cl a ma tion if th e Hous e of th e P eopl e p ass es a r esolu tion dis approving , or , as th e cas e ma y b e , dis approving th e continu an ce in for ce of , su ch Pro cl a ma tion . (8) Wh er e a notice in writing sign ed b y no t l ess th an on e-t enth of th e tot al nu mb er of me mb ers of th e House of th e P eopl e h as b e en giv en , of th eir in t ention to mov e a r eso lution for di s approving , or , as the cas e ma y b e , for dis approv ing th e continu an ce in for c e of , a Pro cl a mation issued und er cl aus e (1) or a Pro cl a mation var ying su ch Procl a mation , — (a) to th e Sp eaker , if th e Hou s e is in s ess ion; or (b) to th e Pr esident , if th e House is not in s ession , a sp eci al si tting of th e Hous e shall b e h eld within fourt e en d a ys fro m th e d at e on whi ch su ch notice is r eceiv ed by th e Sp eak er , or , as th e cas e ma y b e, b y th e Pr esid en t, for the purpos e o f consid er ing su ch resolu tion . (9) Th e power conf err ed on th e Pr esid en t b y th is arti cl e shall includ e th e po wer to issu e diff er ent Pro c lama t ions on diff er ent grounds , b eing war or ext ern al aggr es sion or ar me d reb ell ion o r i mmi n ent d ang er of war or ex t ern al aggr ess ion or armed r eb ellion , wh eth er or not th er e is a Pro cl amat ion alr e ad y is sued b y th e Presid en t und er claus e (1) and su ch Pro cl a mation is in op er at ion. * * * * * 353 . Ef f e ct o f Pr o cla ma tion o f E me r g e n cy .—Wh il e a P roc l ama t ion o f E me r g en c y i s i n o p er at i o n , t h e n — (a) not with st anding an ything in thi s Cons titution , th e ex ecu tiv e po wer of th e Union sh all ext end to th e giving of dir e ct ions to an y St at e as to th e man n er in wh ich th e ex ecutiv e po wer th er eof is to b e ex er cis ed; (b) th e po wer of P arli a ment to mak e l aws wi th r esp ect to an y matt er sh all in clud e po wer to mak e l a ws conf err ing po wers and i mpo sing duti e s, or author ising th e conf err ing of powers and th e i mposi tion of du ties , upon th e Union or offi cers and authorit i es of th e Un ion as r esp ects th at ma t t er , not with st anding th at it is on e whi ch is not enumer at ed in th e Union List: Provid ed th at wh er e a Pro c l a ma tion of Emergen c y is in op er ation onl y in an y p art of th e t err itor y of Indi a,— (i) th e ex ecut ive power of th e Union to giv e dir ections und er cl aus e (a) , and (i i) th e po wer of P arli a me nt to ma k e l a ws under cl aus e (b ), sh al l a lso ex t end to an y S t at e oth er th an a St ate in wh i ch o r in a n y p a rt of whic h th e Pro cl a mation o f Emerg en c y is in op er ation if and in so f ar as th e s e curit y of Indi a or an y p art of th e t erri tor y th er eof is thr e at en ed b y activi ties in or in r el a tion to th e part of th e t erri tor y of Indi a in whi ch th e Pro clamat ion of Emer g en c y is in op er ation . 354 . App li cation of p rovisions relat ing to di stribut ion of revenu es w hile a Pro cla ma tion of Emerg en cy is in op eration . —(1) Th e Pr esid ent ma y, whil e a Pro cl a ma tion of Emerg en cy i s in op er ation , b y ord er dir e ct th at all or an y of th e provis ions of arti cl es 268 to 279 sh all for su ch p eriod , not ext ending in an y case b e yond th e expir at ion of th e finan ci al year in whi ch su ch Pro clama t ion ceas es to op er at e , as ma y b e sp e cifi ed in th e ord er , h av e eff e ct subj e ct to su ch ex ception s or modif i cations as h e thinks fi t. (2) Ev er y ord er ma d e und e r cl aus e (1) sh all , as soon as ma y b e aft er i t is mad e , b e l aid b efor e ea c h Hou s e of P arl i a ment .
355 . Duty of the Union to p rotect Stat es against ext e rnal agg ression and int e rna l d istu rban c e .—I t sh all b e th e du t y o f th e Un ion to p rotect ev er y St at e ag ains t ext e rn al aggr ession an d int e rn al disturban ce and to ensur e th at th e gov ern ment of ev er y St at e is carri ed on in accord an ce with th e provis ions of this Consti tution . 356 . Prov isions in cas e of failure of constitut ional ma chin ery in Stat es .— (1) If th e Pr esident , on r e ceipt of a r eport fro m th e Gov e rnor o f a St at e or oth er wis e, is s atisf i ed th at a s ituation h as ari sen in whi ch th e Gov ern ment of th e St at e cannot b e carri ed on in accord an ce with th e provis ions of this Consti tution , the Pr esid ent may b y Pro cl a mation— (a ) as su me to hims elf all or an y of th e fun ctions of th e Gov e rnme n t of th e St at e and all or a n y of th e p ow ers v est ed in or ex er cis ab l e b y the Gov e rnor o r an y bod y o r au thori t y in the St at e oth er th an the Legisl atur e of th e St at e; (b ) d ecl ar e th at th e po wers of the Legisl atur e of th e St at e sh all b e ex er cis ab l e b y or und er th e au thori t y of P ar li a me nt; ( c) ma k e su ch in cid ent al and cons equ ent i al p rovis ions as app e ar to th e Pr esid en t to b e n ecess ar y or d esir ab l e fo r giv ing eff e ct to th e obj ect s of th e Pro cl a ma tion , in cluding prov isions for susp ending in who l e o r in p art th e op er at ion of an y provision s of this Consti tution r el at ing to any bod y o r author it y in th e St at e: Provid ed th at nothing in th is claus e sh all authoris e th e Pr es id ent to assu me to hi ms elf an y of th e powers v e st ed in or ex er cis abl e b y a High Court , or to susp end in whol e or in part th e op er at ion of an y prov ision of this Constitu tion r el ating to H i g h Co u r t s . (2) An y su ch P ro cl a ma tion ma y b e r evok ed or vari ed b y a subs equ ent Pro cl a ma tion . (3) Ev er y Pro cla ma t ion und er this art i cl e sh all b e l aid b efor e ea c h Hou s e of P arl i a ment and sh al l, ex cept wher e it is a Pro clama t ion r evoking a p r evious Pro cl a ma tion , ceas e to op er at e at th e expir at ion of t wo months unl ess b efor e th e expir a tion o f that p eriod it h as b e en approv ed by r esolut ions of both Hous es of P arl i a ment : Provid ed th at i f an y su ch Pro cl ama t ion (not b eing a P ro cl a ma tion r evoking a pr evious Pro c l ama t ion) is i ssu ed at a ti me wh en th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e is dis solv ed o r th e dissolu tion of th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e t ak es place during th e p eriod of t wo months r ef er r ed to in this cl aus e , and if a r e solution approving th e Pro cl a ma tion h as b e en p ass ed by th e Coun cil of St at es , but no r esolu tion with r esp e ct to su ch Pro cl a ma tion h as b e en p ass ed by th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e b efore th e expir at ion of th at p eriod , the Pro cl a mation sh al l ceas e to op er at e at th e expir a tion o f thirt y d a ys fro m the d at e on whi ch th e Hous e of th e P eopl e firs t s its aft er i ts r e constitu tion unl ess befor e th e expir ation of th e s aid p eriod of thi rt y d a ys a r esolut ion approving th e Pro cl a ma tion h as b e en also p asse d b y th e Hous e of th e P eopl e. (4) A Pro cl a ma tion so approv ed sh all , unl ess r evok ed , ceas e to op er at e on th e expir a tion o f a p eriod of six months fro m th e d at e of issu e of the Pro cl a ma tion: Provid ed th at i f and so oft en as a r esolut ion approving th e continu an c e in for c e of su ch a P ro cl ama t ion is p ass ed b y both Houses of P arli a me nt, th e P ro cl a ma tion sh al l, unl es s r evok ed , con tinu e in for ce for a furth er p eriod of six months from th e d at e on which und er this claus e it would oth er wis e h av e ceas ed to op er at e, but no su ch Procl a mation sh al l in an y cas e r e main in for ce for mo r e th an th r e e years: Provid ed fur th er th at if th e dissolut ion o f the Hous e of th e P eople t ak es pl ace during an y su ch p eriod of six months and a r esolut ion app roving th e continu ance in for ce of su ch Pro cl a ma tion has b e en p ass ed b y th e Coun cil of St at es , but no r esolu tion with r esp ect to th e continu an ce in for ce of su ch Procl a mation h as b e en p ass ed b y th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e during th e s aid p eriod , th e Pro cl a ma tion
sh al l ceas e to op er at e at th e expir a tion of thirty d a ys fro m th e d at e on wh i ch th e Hous e of th e Peopl e fir st sits aft er i ts r e constitution unl ess b e for e th e expir at ion of th e s aid p eriod of thirt y d a ys a r esolut ion approving th e continu an ce in for ce of th e Pro cl a ma tion h as b e en also p ass ed b y the Hou s e of th e P eopl e: Provid ed also that in th e cas e of th e Pro cl a mation issu ed und er cl aus e (1) on th e 11th d a y of May, 1987 with r esp ect to th e Stat e of Punj ab , th e r ef er en ce in th e fir st prov iso to this cl aus e to “thr ee years ” sh all b e constru ed as a r e f er ence to fiv e years . (5) Not withs t anding an ything cont ain ed in cl aus e (4) , a r e solution with r esp ect to th e continu ance in for ce of a Pro cl a ma tion approv ed und er claus e (3) for an y p eriod b e yond th e expir ation of on e year f ro m th e d at e of issu e of su ch Pro cl a ma tion shall not b e p ass ed b y eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt unl ess — (a ) a P ro cl ama t ion of Emerg en c y is in op eration , in th e whol e of Indi a or , as th e cas e may b e , in th e whol e or an y p ar t o f th e St at e, at th e ti me of th e p assing of su ch r esolu tion , and (b) th e El ection Co mmi ssion certif i es th at the continu an ce in for ce of th e Pro cl a ma tion approv ed und er claus e (3) during th e p eriod sp ecifi ed in su ch r esolu tion is n ecess ar y on account of diff i culties in holding g en er al el ect ions to th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mb l y o f th e St at e con c ern ed: Provid ed th at nothing in th is claus e sh all appl y to th e Pro cl a mation i ssu ed und er cl aus e (1) on th e 11 th d a y of May, 1987 with r esp ect to the St at e of P u n j ab . 357 . Ex ercis e of l egis lativ e pow e rs und er Procla ma tion issu ed und er arti cl e 356 .— (1) Wh ere b y a Pro c l a mation i ssu ed und er cl aus e (1) of art i cl e 356, it h as b e en d e cl ar ed tha t th e po w ers of th e L egisl atur e of th e St at e sh all b e ex er cis abl e b y or und er th e author it y of P a rli a me nt , it sh al l b e co mp et en t— (a) for P arl i a ment to conf er on th e Pr esid ent th e po we r of th e Le gis l atur e of th e St at e to mak e l aws, and to author is e th e Pr esid en t to d e leg at e , subj ect to su ch conditions as h e ma y think fit to i mpos e, th e po wer so conf err ed to an y oth er authorit y to b e sp ecif ied b y h i m in th at b eh alf ; (b) for P arl i a ment , or for th e Presid en t or oth er author it y in who m su ch po wer to mak e laws is v est ed und er sub- cl aus e (a) , to mak e l a ws conf erring po wers and i mposing dut i es, or author ising th e conf err ing of powers and th e i mposi tion of duti e s, upon th e Union or offi cers and authorit i es th er eof ; ( c) for th e Pr esid ent to authori se wh en th e Hous e of th e P eopl e is not in s ess ion exp end itur e fro m th e Consol id at ed Fund of th e St at e p ending th e s an ct ion of su ch exp enditur e b y P arl i a ment . (2) An y l aw ma d e in ex er cis e of th e po wer o f th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e b y P arl i a ment or the Pr esid ent or oth er author it y r ef err ed to in sub-cl aus e (a) of cl aus e (1) whi ch P arli a me nt or th e Pr esid en t o r su ch oth er authori t y would not , but for th e issu e of a Pro c l a ma tion und er arti cl e 356, h av e b e en co mp et ent to mak e sh all , aft er th e Pro cl a mation h as ceas ed to op er at e, continu e in for ce until a lt e r ed or r ep e al ed or a mend ed b y a co mp et en t L e gisl a tur e o r oth er author it y. 358 . Susp ension of p rovisions of a rti cl e 19 during emerg encies .—(1 ) Whil e a Pro cl a ma tion of Emerg ency decl ar ing th at th e s e curit y of India or an y p ar t o f th e t err itor y th er eof is thr eat en ed b y war or b y ext ern al aggr es sion is in op er at ion, nothing in arti cl e 19 sh al l r e stri ct th e po we r of th e Stat e as d efin ed in P art III to mak e an y l aw or to t ak e an y ex ecu tive action whi ch th e St at e would but for th e provis ions con t ain ed in th at P art b e co mp et ent to ma k e or to t ak e, but an y l a w so ma de sh all , to th e ext ent of th e in co mp et en cy, cease to h av e eff e ct as soon as th e Pro cl a ma tion ceas es to op er at e, ex cept as r esp ects things don e or o mitt ed to b e don e b efor e th e l aw so ceas e s to hav e eff e ct: Provid ed th at wh er e su ch Pro clama t ion of Emerg en c y is in op er at ion on l y in an y p art of th e terri tor y of Indi a, an y su ch l a w ma y b e ma d e , or an y su ch
ex ecutiv e act ion may b e t ak en , und er this ar ti cl e in r el ation to or in an y St at e or U nion t erri tor y in whi ch or in an y p art of wh i ch th e Pro cl a ma tion of E me rg en c y is not in op er at ion , if and in so f ar as th e s e curit y of Indi a or any p art of th e t err itor y th er eof is thr e at en ed by activi ti es in or in r el at ion to th e p art of th e t err itor y of India in wh i ch th e Pro cl a mation of Emer g en c y is in op er ation . (2) Nothing in cl aus e (1) sh al l appl y— (a) to an y l a w whi ch do es not cont ain a r e cit a l to th e eff e ct th at su ch l a w is in r el a tion to th e Pro cl a mation of Emerg en c y in op er at ion when it is mad e; or (b) to an y ex ecutiv e act ion t ak en oth er wis e th an und er a l aw cont ain ing su ch a r e cit al . 359 . Susp ension of th e en fo rce men t o f th e rights conf erred by Pa rt III d u rin g e me r g e n ci es . —(1) Wh er e a Pro cl a ma tion of Emerg en c y is in op er at ion, th e Pr esid en t may b y o rd er d e clar e th at th e right to mov e an y court for th e enfor cement of su ch of th e rights conf err ed b y P art III ( ex c ept art i cl es 20 and 21) as ma y b e me ntion ed in th e ord er and all pro ceedings p ending in an y cou rt for th e enfor cement of th e righ ts so mention ed sh all r emai n susp end ed for th e p eriod during whi ch the Pro cl a ma tion is in for ce or for su ch short er p eriod as ma y b e sp ecif i ed in th e ord er . (1 A) Whi l e an ord er ma d e und er cl aus e (1) men tioning an y of the rights conf err ed b y P art III ( ex c ept ar ti cl es 20 and 21) is in op er ation , nothing in th at P art conf err ing thos e righ ts sh all r es tri ct th e power of th e S t at e as d efin ed in the s aid P art to make an y l aw or to tak e an y ex ecu tiv e action whi ch th e St at e would but for th e provis ions con t ain ed in th at P art b e co mp et ent to ma k e or to t ak e, but an y l a w so ma de sh all , to th e ext ent of th e in co mp et en cy, cease to h av e eff ect as soon as th e ord er afor es aid ceases to op er at e, ex cept as r esp ects things don e or o mitt ed to b e don e b efor e th e l aw so ceas e s to hav e eff e ct: Provid ed th at wh er e a Pro cl a ma tion of Emerg ency is in op er ation onl y in an y p art of th e t err itor y of Indi a, any su ch l a w ma y b e mad e , or an y su ch ex ecutiv e action may b e t ak en , und er this art i cl e in r el ation to or in an y S tat e or Union t err itor y in which or in an y p art of whi ch th e Pro cl a mation of Emer g en c y is not in op er at ion, if and in so f ar as th e s e curi t y of Indi a or an y p art of th e t errito r y th er eof i s thr e aten ed b y activit ies in or in r el ation to th e p art of th e t erri tor y o f Indi a in whi ch th e Pro cl a mation of Emerg en c y is in op er ation . (1 B) Nothing in cl aus e (1 A) sh all appl y— (a) to an y l a w whi ch do es not cont ain a r e cit a l to th e eff e ct th at su ch l a w is in r el a tion to th e Pro cl a mation of Emerg en c y in op er at ion when it is mad e; or (b) to an y ex ecutiv e act ion t ak en oth er wis e th an und er a l aw cont ain ing su ch a r e cit al . (2) An ord er ma d e as afor es aid ma y e x t end to th e who l e o r an y p art of th e t err itor y of India: Provid ed th at wh er e a Pro cl a ma tion of Emerg ency is in op er ation onl y in a p a rt of th e t err itor y of Indi a, an y such ord er sh all not ext end to an y oth er p art of the t err itor y of India unl ess th e Pr esid en t, b eing s atisf i ed th at th e securi t y of Indi a or an y p art of the t erri tor y th er eof is thr eaten ed b y activi ti es in or in r el at ion to th e p art of th e terri tor y of Indi a in wh i ch th e P ro cl a mation of Emer g en c y is in op er at ion, consid ers su ch ext ension to b e n e c essa r y. (3) Ev er y ord er ma d e und e r cl aus e (1) sh all , as soon as ma y b e aft er i t is mad e , b e l aid b efor e ea c h Hou s e of P arl i a ment . 3 5 9 A . [ Appl i cation of thi s Par t to th e Stat e of Punjab .] R ep . b y t h e Consti tution (Sixt y- third Amendment ) Act , 1989, s. 3 (w . e . f . 6 - 1 - 1 9 9 0 ) . 360 . Prov isions as to finan cial e merg en cy.—(1) If th e Pr esid ent is s at isfi ed th at a si tuation h as aris en wh ereb y th e fin an ci al st ab ilit y or cr edit of Indi a or of
an y p art of th e terri tor y th er eof is thr eat en ed, he may b y a Pro cl a mation mak e a d e cl ar at ion to th at eff e ct . (2) A Pro cl a ma tion issu ed u nd er c l aus e (1) — (a) ma y b e r evok ed or v ari ed b y a subs equ ent Pro cl a ma tion ; (b) sh al l b e l aid b efor e each Hous e of P arli a me nt; ( c) sh al l ceas e to op er at e at th e expir a tion o f two mon ths , un l ess b efor e th e expir at ion of th at p eriod i t h as b e en approved b y r esolutions of both Hous es of P arliame n t: Provid ed th at i f an y su ch Pro cl ama t ion is is su ed at a ti me wh en th e Hous e of th e P eopl e h as been dissolv ed or th e dissolu tion of th e Hous e o f th e P eopl e t ak es pl ace during th e p eriod of t wo mo nths r ef err ed to in sub- cl ause ( c) , and i f a r esolu tion approving th e Pro cl ama t ion h as b e en p ass ed b y th e Coun cil of St at es, but no r esolut ion with r esp e ct to su ch Pro cl a ma tion h as b e en p ass ed b y th e Hous e of th e P eopl e b efor e th e expir at ion of th at p eriod , th e P ro cl a mation sh al l ceas e to op er at e at th e expir a tion of thirt y d a ys fro m th e d at e on whi ch th e Hou s e of th e P eopl e fir st sits aft er it s r e consti tution unl ess befor e th e expir ation of th e s aid p eriod of thi rt y d a ys a r esolut ion approving th e Pro cl a ma tion h as b e en also p ass ed b y th e Hous e of th e P eopl e. (3) During th e period an y su ch Pro cl a mation as is mention ed in cl aus e (1) is in op er at ion, th e ex ecutiv e author it y of th e Union sh al l ex t end to th e giving of dir e ctions to any St at e to obs erv e su ch canons of fin an ci a l propri e t y as ma y b e sp ecif i ed in th e dir ections , and to th e giving of su ch oth er dir e ction s as th e Pr esid en t ma y de e m n e c e ss ar y and ad equ at e for th e purpos e . (4) Not withs t anding an ything in this Const itution— (a) an y su ch direction ma y in clud e— (i) a provision r equiring th e r edu ction of s alari es and allo wan c es of all or an y cl ass of p ersons s erv ing in conn ection with th e aff a irs of a St at e; (ii) a provis ion r equiring al l Mon e y Bi lls or oth er Bil ls to whi ch th e provis ions of arti cl e 207 appl y to b e r es erv ed for th e consid er at ion of th e Pr esid en t a ft er th e y ar e p ass ed by th e L egisl ature of th e St at e; (b) it sh a ll be co mp et ent for the Pr esid ent dur ing th e p eriod any Pro cl a mation i ssu ed und er this art i cl e is in op er at ion to i ssu e dir ections for th e r edu ction of s al ari es an d allo wan c es of all or an y cl ass of persons s erv ing in conn ection with th e aff a irs of th e Union in cluding th e Judg es of th e Supr eme Cou rt and th e High Courts .
PART XIX MISCELLANEOUS 361 . Prot ection of Presid ent and Governo r s and Rajp ra mu khs .— (1) Th e Pr esid en t, or the Gov e rnor o r Ra jpr a mukh of a St at e , sh all not b e ans w er abl e to an y court for the ex er cis e and perfor man ce of th e powers and duti e s of hi s of fice or for an y act don e or purporting to b e don e b y hi m in th e ex er cis e and p erfor man ce of thos e po wers and duti es : Provid ed th at the condu ct of th e Pr esid ent ma y b e brought und er r evi ew b y an y court , tribun al or bod y appoint ed or d esign at ed b y eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt for th e inv es tig ation of a ch arg e und er arti cl e 61 : Provid ed fur th er th at nothing in thi s c l aus e sh all b e con stru ed as r estr i cting th e righ t of an y p erson to bring appropri a t e pro ceedings ag ains t th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of a St at e. (2) No cri min al pro c eedings whatso ev er sh all be inst itut ed or continu ed ag ains t the Pr esid ent , or th e Gov ernor of a St ate, in an y court during his t e r m of offi ce. (3) No pro c ess for th e arr est or imp rison me nt of th e Pr esid en t, or th e Gov ernor of a St at e, sh all issu e fro m an y court during hi s t er m of o ffi ce. (4) No civil proceedings in which r eli ef i s cl aime d ag ainst th e Pr esid en t, or the Gov ernor of a St at e, sh all b e inst itut ed during his t er m of offi ce in an y cou rt in r esp ect of an y ac t don e or purport ing to b e don e b y h i m in hi s person al cap a ci t y, w h eth er b ef o r e o r aft er h e ent er e d u p o n h is o f f i c e a s P r esi d ent , o r as Go v e r n o r o f su ch St at e, until th e expir ation of t wo mon ths next aft er not i c e in writ ing h as b e en d eliv er ed to th e Pr esid en t or th e Gov ernor, as th e cas e may b e, or l ef t at his offi ce s t ating the n atur e of th e pro ceedings , th e caus e of action th er efor , th e n a me , d es cr iption and p l a c e of r esid en c e of th e p art y b y who m su ch pro c e edings ar e to b e insti tut ed and th e r eli ef whi ch h e claims . 361 A. Prot ect ion of publi cation of p ro ceedings of Pa rlia me n t and Stat e L e g i s l a tu r es. —(1) No person sh all b e li ab l e to an y p ro ceedings , civil or cri min al , in an y court in r esp ect of th e publi c ation in a n e wsp aper of a subs tan ti all y true r eport of an y pro ceedings of eith er Hous e of P arl i a ment or the Legisl ativ e As semb l y, o r, as the cas e ma y b e , eith er Hous e of th e Legisl atur e, of a St at e, unl ess th e publi c at ion is prov ed to h av e b e en ma d e with ma l i c e: Provid ed th at nothing in th is claus e sh all appl y to th e publi c at ion of an y r epo rt of th e pro ceedings of a s e cr et sitt ing o f ei th er Hous e of P arli a me nt or th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y, o r, as the cas e ma y b e , eith er Hous e of th e Legisl atur e, of a S t at e . (2) Cl aus e (1) sh all appl y in r elation to r epor ts or matt ers bro adcast b y mean s of wir el ess t e l egr aph y as p art of an y progr amme or s ervi ce provid ed b y me an s of a bro ad c asting st at ion as i t app li es in r el a tion to r eports or ma tt ers publ ish ed in a n e wsp ap er . Explanation.—In this article, “newspaper” includes a news agency report containing material for publication in a newspaper. 3 6 1 B. Disquali fi cation fo r appoint men t on re mu n e rativ e poli ti cal post .— A memb er of a Hous e b elonging to an y po liti cal part y who is disqu ali fi ed for b e ing a me mb er of th e Hous e und er p ar agr aph 2 of th e Tenth S ch edul e sh all also b e disqu a lifi ed to hold an y r e muner at iv e pol iti cal post for dur ation of th e p eriod co mmen c ing f rom th e d at e of his disqu a lifi c at ion till th e d at e on whi ch th e t erm of his offi ce as su ch memb er would expir e or till th e d at e on whi ch h e cont ests an el ection to a Hous e and is d ecl ar ed el ect ed , whi ch ev er is earli e r. Explanation .- For th e purpos es of this ar ti cl e,—
(a ) th e expr ession “ Hous e” h as th e meaning ass igned to i t in cl aus e ( a) o f p ar ag r aph 1 o f t h e T en th S ch e d u l e; (b ) th e expr ession “r emun er ativ e poli ti c al post ” means any offi ce— (i ) u nd er th e Go v ern me nt of Indi a or th e Gov ern me nt of a S tat e wh er e th e s al ar y or r e mun e r ation for su ch offi ce is p aid out of th e publi c r ev enu e of th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a or th e Gov e rn men t of th e S t at e , as t h e c as e ma y b e; o r (i i ) u n d er a b o d y , wh eth e r i n cor p o r at ed o r n o t , whi ch i s wh o l l y o r p art i all y own ed b y th e Gov e rn me nt of Indi a or th e Gov e rn men t of th e St at e , and th e sa l ar y or r e mun er at ion fo r su ch offi c e i s p aid b y su ch body, ex cept wh er e such s al ar y or r e mun er at ion p aid is co mp ens ator y in n atur e . 362. [Rights and privileges of Rulers of Indian States.] Rep. by the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, s. 2. 363. Bar to interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.—(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution but subject to the provisions of article 143, neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in any dispute arising out of any provision of a treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument which was entered into or executed before the commencement of this Constitution by any Ruler of an Indian State and to which the Government of the Dominion of India or any of its predecessor Governments was a party and which has or has been continued in operation after such commencement, or in any dispute in respect of any right accruing under or any liability or obligation arising out of any of the provisions of this Constitution relating to any such treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument.
(2) In this article— (a) “Indian State” means any territory recognised before the commencement of this Constitution by His Majesty or the Government of the Dominion of India as being such a State; and (b) “Ruler” includes the Prince, Chief or other person recognised before such commencement by His Majesty or the Government of the Dominion of India as the Ruler of any Indian State. 363A. Recognition granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished.—Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution or in any law for the time being in force— (a) the Prince, Chief or other person who, at any time before the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, was recognised by the President as the Ruler of an Indian State or any person who, at any time before such commencement, was recognised by the President as the successor of such ruler shall, on and from such commencement, cease to be recognised as such Ruler or the successor of such Ruler; (b) on and from the commencement of the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, privy purse is abolished and all rights, liabilities and obligations in respect of privy purse are extinguished and accordingly the Ruler or, as the case may be, the successor of such Ruler, referred to in clause (a) or any other person shall not be paid any sum as privy purse. 364 . Special p rovis ions a s to ma j o r po rts and a e rod ro mes .— (1) Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion , the Pr esid ent may b y pub li c noti fi c ation dir ect th at as fro m su ch d at e as may b e sp ecifi ed in th e noti fi c ation — (a) an y l a w ma de b y P a rli a me nt or b y th e Leg islatur e of a St at e sh al l no t appl y to an y major port or aerodro me or sh all appl y th er eto subj ect to su ch ex ception s or modif i cations as may b e sp eci fi ed in th e notifi c ation , or
(b) an y exist ing l a w sh all c e as e to h av e e ff e ct in an y ma jo r port or aerodro me ex cept as r esp ects things don e or o mit t ed to b e don e b efor e th e s aid d at e , or sh all in its appl ication to su ch port or aerodro me h av e eff e ct sub j ec t to su ch ex ceptions or mod ifi cations as ma y b e sp ecif i ed in th e noti fi c ation . (2) In this ar ti cle— (a) “ major port ” mean s a port d ecl ar ed to b e a ma jor port b y or und er an y l a w mad e b y P arl i a ment or an y e xis ting l a w and in clud es all ar ea s for th e ti me b eing in clud ed within th e l i mits of su ch port; (b) “ a erodro me” mean s aerod rome as d ef in ed for th e purpos es of th e en act ments r el a ting to air w ays , air cr a ft and ai r n avig at ion. 365 . Ef f e ct o f failu r e to co mp ly w ith, o r to giv e eff e ct to , d i re c tions giv en by th e Un ion.—Wh e r e an y St at e h as f ail ed to comp l y w ith , o r to giv e eff e ct to , an y dir e ction s giv en in th e ex ercis e of th e ex ecutiv e po wer of th e Un ion und er an y of th e provision s of th is Const itution , it shall b e l a wful for th e Pr esid ent to hold th at a situ ation h as ari s en in whi ch th e Govern me nt of th e St at e cannot b e carri ed on in accord an ce with th e provision s of this Const itution . 366 . Def initions .— In th is Con sti tution , unl ess th e cont ext oth er wis e r equir e s, th e fol lowing expr ess ions h av e th e me an ings hereb y r esp ectiv el y assign ed to th em, th at is to s a y— (1) “ agri cu ltur al in co me” means agri cul tur al in co me as d ef in ed for th e purpos es of th e en act ments r el a ting to Indi an inco me -t ax; (2) “ an Ang lo-Indi an ” means a p erson whos e f ath er or an y of whos e oth er mal e prog enitors in th e mal e line is or was of Europ e an d es c ent but who i s do mi cil ed with in th e t erri tor y of Indi a and is or was bo rn with in su ch t erri tor y of p ar ents h abitu all y r es id ent ther ein and not est abl ish ed th er e for t e mpor ar y purpos es onl y; (3) “ art i cl e ” means an arti cl e of this Const itution; (4) “borro w” includ es th e r ais ing of mon e y b y th e gr ant of annuit i es , and “lo an ” sh all b e constru ed accordingl y; * * * * * (5) “ cl aus e” means a cl aus e of th e arti cl e in which th e expr ession o c curs; (6) “ corpor at ion t ax ” me ans an y t ax on in co me , so f ar as th at t ax is p a yabl e b y co mp ani es and is a tax in th e cas e of whi ch th e follo wing condit ions ar e fulf ill ed: — (a) th at i t is no t ch arg e abl e in resp ect of agri cultu r al in co me; (b) th at no d eduction in r esp ect of th e t ax p aid b y co mp an i es is, b y an y en act ments whi ch ma y apply to th e t ax , au thoris ed to b e ma d e fro m divid end s p a yabl e b y th e co mp ani es to ind ividuals ; ( c) th at no provision exis ts for taking th e t ax so p aid into account in co mputing for th e purpos es of Indi an in co me -t ax th e tot al in come o f indiv idu als r eceiving su ch div idends , or in co mputing th e Indi an in co me t ax p a yabl e b y, or r efund abl e to, su ch individu als ; (7) “ corr espond ing Provin ce”, “corr espond ing Indi an St at e” or “ corr espond ing St at e” means in cas es of doubt su ch Provin ce, Indi an St at e or St at e as ma y b e d et er min ed b y th e Pr esid ent to b e th e corr esponding Provin ce, th e corr espond ing Indi an St at e or th e corr esponding St at e, as the cas e ma y b e , for th e p arti cu l ar purpos e in qu est ion; (8) “d ebt ” in clud es an y li abil it y in r esp ect of any oblig at ion to rep a y capit al su ms b y way o f annu iti es and an y li abilit y und er an y guar ant ee, and “d ebt ch arg es ” sh all b e constru ed accordingl y; (9) “ est at e dut y” mean s a dut y to b e ass ess ed on or b y r e f er en c e to th e prin cip al valu e, as cert ain ed in ac cord an ce with su ch rul es as ma y b e pr es cr ib ed b y or und er l a ws ma de b y P a rli a me nt or th e Legisl atur e of a S t at e
r el a ting to th e dut y, of all prop ert y p ass ing upon d e ath or d eemed , und er th e provis ions of the s aid l a ws , so to p ass; ( 1 0 ) “ ex i s t i n g l a w ” me a n s an y l a w , Ord i n an c e , o r d er , b ye-l a w , r u l e o r r egul ation p a ss ed or mad e b efore th e co mmen c emen t of this Const itution b y an y Legisl atur e, authori t y or p erson h aving po we r to ma k e su ch a l a w, Ordin an c e, ord er , b ye-l a w, ru l e or r egul at ion; (11) “F ed er al Court ” means th e F ed er al Court const itut ed und er th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a Act , 1935 ; (12) “goods ” includ es al l mat eri al s, co mmod ities , and ar ti cl es; (13) “gu ar ant ee” in clud es an y oblig ation und ertak en b efor e th e co mmen cement of this Const itution to mak e p a ymen ts in th e ev ent of th e profi ts of an und ert ak ing f a lling short of a sp ec if i ed amount; (14) “ High Court ” means any Court whi ch is d e emed for th e pu rpos es of thi s Cons titution to b e a High Court for an y St at e and in clud es— (a) an y Court in th e t erri tor y o f Indi a const itut ed or r e consti tuted und er this Constitu tion as a High Court , and (b) an y oth er Court in th e t err itor y of Indi a whi ch ma y b e d e cl ared b y P arl i a ment b y l aw to b e a High Court for all or an y of th e purpos es of thi s Cons titution; (15) “Indi an St at e” means an y terri tor y wh i ch th e Gov e rn men t of th e Do minion of Indi a r e cognis ed as su ch a S t at e; (16) “P art ” means a P art of this Constitu tion; (17) “p ension ” mean s a p ens ion, wh eth e r con tributor y or not , of an y kind wh atso ev er p a ya bl e to or in r esp ect of an y person , and in clud es r etir ed p a y so p a yabl e; a gr atuit y so p a yabl e and an y su m or su ms so payab l e b y wa y of th e r eturn , with or without in t er est th er eon or an y oth er addit ion th er eto , of subs cr iptions to a p rovid ent fund; (18) “Pro cl amation of Emergen cy” mean s a Pro cl a ma tion is su ed und er cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 352; (19) “publi c notif i c ation ” me an s a no tifi c at ion in th e Gazett e of Indi a, or, as th e cas e ma y b e , th e Off i ci al Gazett e of a S t at e; (20) “r ai lway” do es not in clud e— (a) a tr amway wholl y with in a muni cip a l ar ea, or (b) an y oth er line of co mmuni cation wholl y s ituat e in on e St at e and d e cl ar ed b y P arli a me n t b y l a w not to b e a ra il w ay; * * * * * (22) “ Rul er ” means th e Prin ce, Chi ef or oth er person who, at any ti me b efor e th e co mmen cemen t of th e Constitu tion ( T went y-six th Amen d men t) Act , 1971 , was r e cognis ed b y th e Pr esid en t as th e Rul er of an Indi an St at e or an y p erson who, at an y ti me b efor e su ch co mme n cement , was r e cogn is ed b y th e Pr esid en t as th e su ccessor of such Rul er; (23) “S ch edul e” mean s a S ch edul e to thi s Consti tution; (24) “S ch edul ed Cast es ” me an s su ch cast es , r a ce s or trib es or parts of or groups within su ch cast es , r a ces or trib es as are d eemed und er art i cl e 341 to b e S ch edul ed Ca st es for th e purpos es of this Const itution; (25) “ S ch edul ed T rib es ” me an s su ch trib e s or t rib al co mmu niti es or p arts of or groups within su ch trib es or trib al co mmu nit i es as are d e emed und er art i cl e 342 to b e S ch edul ed Tribes for th e purpos es of this Consti tution; (26) “s ecuri ti es” in clud es sto ck; * * * * * (27) “sub- cl au s e” mean s a sub- cl aus e of th e cl aus e in whi ch th e expr ession o c curs; (28) “t ax at ion ” in clud es the i mposi tion of an y t ax or i mpost , wh eth er g en er al or lo cal or sp eci al , and “t ax ” sh all b e constru ed accordingl y;
(29) “t ax on in co me” in clud es a t ax in th e n ature of an ex ces s profi ts t ax; ( 2 9 A) “ t ax o n t h e s al e o r p u r ch as e o f g o o d s ” i n clu d es — (a) a t ax on th e tr ans f er, oth e rwis e th an in pursu an ce of a cont ract , of prop ert y in an y goods for cash , d ef err ed p a yment or oth er v aluabl e consid er ation; (b) a t ax on th e tr ans f er o f propert y in goods ( wh eth er as goods or in so me oth er for m) involv ed in the ex ecution of a works contr a ct; ( c) a t ax on th e d eliv er y of goods on hir e-pur chas e or an y s yst em o f p a yme nt b y insta l me nts ; (d) a t ax on th e tr ans f er o f th e right to us e an y goods for an y purpos e ( wh eth er or not for a sp ecifi ed period) for cash , d ef err ed p a yment or oth er v alu abl e consid er ation; ( e) a t ax on th e suppl y of goods b y an y unin co rpor at ed asso ciation or bod y of p ersons to a me mb er ther eof for cash , d ef err ed p a yment or oth er v alu abl e consider at ion; (f) a t ax on th e suppl y, b y way of or as p art of an y s ervi ce or in an y oth er ma nn er wh atso ev er , of goods , b eing food or an y oth er articl e for hu ma n con su mption or an y drink ( wh eth er or not intox i cating) , wher e su ch suppl y or servi ce, is for cash , d ef err ed p a ymen t or oth er v alu abl e consid er ation; and su ch tr ansf er , d eliv er y or suppl y of an y goods sh all b e d e emed to b e a s al e of thos e goods b y th e p erson mak ing th e tr ansf er , d eliv er y or suppl y and a pur ch as e of thos e goods b y the p erson to whom s u ch tr ansf er , d eliv er y or suppl y is ma d e; (30) "Union t erri tor y" means an y Un ion t erri tor y sp ecifi ed in th e First S ch edul e and includ es an y oth er t erri tor y co mpris ed with in the terri tor y of Indi a but not specif i ed in th at Sch edul e. 367 . Int e rp retation . —(1) Un l ess th e cont ext oth er wis e r equir e s, th e Gen er al Cl aus es Act , 1897 , sh all , subj ect to an y ad apt ations and mod ifi ca tion s th at ma y b e mad e th er ein und er arti cl e 372 , app l y for the int erpr e t ation of this Consti tution as it appl i es for the int erpr e t ation of an Act of th e Legisl atur e of th e D o min i o n o f I n d i a . (2) An y r ef er ence in this Constitut ion to Act s or l a ws of , or mad e b y, P arl i a ment , or to Ac ts or l aws of , or ma d e b y, th e Legisl atur e of a St at e, sh all b e constru ed as in cluding a r ef er ence to an Ord inan ce mad e b y th e Pr esid ent or , to a n O rdin an c e ma d e b y a Gov ernor , as th e c a s e ma y b e . (3) For th e purpos es of this Const itution “for eign St at e” me ans an y St at e oth er th an Indi a: Provid ed th at, subj ect to th e provis ions o f an y l a w mad e b y P arl i a ment , th e Pr esid en t ma y by ord er d e cl ar e an y St at e not to b e a for e ign S tat e for su ch purpos es as ma y b e sp ecifi ed in th e ord er .
PART XX AMENDMENT OF THE CONSTITUTION 368 . Pow er of Pa rlia me n t to amen d the Constitut ion an d p rocedu re t h e r ef o r .— (1) Not withst and ing an ything in this Const itution , P arl i a ment may in ex er cis e of it s const itu ent po wer amend b y way of addit ion, v ariation or r ep e al an y provision of this Const itution in accord an ce with th e pro c edur e l aid do wn in thi s ar ti cl e. (2) An amend ment of this Const itut ion ma y b e init i at ed onl y b y th e int rodu ction of a Bill for th e purpos e in eith er Hous e of Parli amen t , and wh en th e Bil l is p a ss ed in each Hous e b y a maj orit y of the tot al memb ership of th at House and b y a majori ty of not l ess th an t wo-third s of th e memb ers of th at Hous e pr es ent and voting , it sh all b e pr es ent ed to th e Pr esid en t who sh all giv e his ass ent to th e Bill and th er eupon th e Consti tution sh all st and amend ed in accord an ce with th e t er ms of the Bill : Provid ed th a t i f su ch a me nd ment s e eks to mak e an y ch ang e in— (a) arti cl e 54 , art i cl e 55 , art i cle 73, ar ti cl e 162 or arti cl e 241 , or (b) Ch ap t er IV of P art V, Ch apt er V of P a rt VI, o r Ch apt e r I of P art XI, or ( c) an y of th e List s in th e S eventh S ch edul e, or (d) th e r epr es ent at ion o f S tat es in P arli a me nt , or ( e) th e p rovisions of this art i cl e , th e amend men t sh al l also r equire to b e r atifi ed b y th e Legisl atur es of not l ess th an on e-h alf of th e St at es b y r esolu tions to th at eff e ct p ass ed by thos e Legisl atur es b efor e th e Bill ma king provis ion for su ch amend ment is pr es en t ed to th e Pr esid en t for ass ent . (3) Nothing in art i cl e 13 sh all appl y to an y amend ment mad e und er this ar ti cl e. 1 [(4 ) No amendmen t of this Const itution (in c luding th e provis ions of P art III) ma d e o r purpo rting to h av e b e en ma d e und er this arti c l e wh eth er b efor e or aft er th e co mmen c ement of s e ction 55 of th e Con stitution (For t y-s econd Amend ment) Act , 1976 sh all b e call ed in qu est ion in an y court on an y ground . (5) For th e r e mov al of doubts , it i s h er eb y d e clar ed th at th er e sh all b e no li mi t ation wh at ev er on th e constitu en t po wer of P arl i a ment to amen d b y way of addit ion, v ari ation or r ep e al th e provision s of this Const itution und er this a rt i cl e. ]
1. Cls. (4) and (5) were ins. “in article 368 by s. 55 of the Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976. This section has been declared invalid by the Supreme Court in Minerva Mills Ltd. and Others Vs. Union of India and Others (1980 ) 2 S.C.C. 591.
168
PART XXI TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS 369 . Temp o ra ry pow er to Pa rlia me n t to ma ke law s w ith respect to certain ma t t e rs in th e Stat e List as if th ey w ere ma tters in th e Co n cu rrent List .— Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion , Parl i a ment sh all , during a p eriod of fiv e years from t h e co mme n cemen t of this Const itution , h ave power to ma k e l a ws with r esp ec t to th e follo wing matt ers as if th ey wer e enu mer at ed in th e C o n cu r r en t Lis t , n a me l y: — (a) tr ad e and co mme r ce within a St at e in , and th e produ ction , suppl y and dis tribution of , cotton and wooll en t ext il es , r aw cotton (in clud ing ginn ed cotton and unginn ed cotton or kapas) , cotton s ee d , p ap e r ( in cluding n e wsprint ), food-stu ffs (in cluding edibl e oils eeds and oil) , cattl e fodd er (in c luding oil- ca k es and oth er con c entr ates), coal (in c luding cok e and d eriv a tiv es of co al) , iron , st e el a nd mi c a; (b) o ff en c es ag ainst l a ws with r esp ect to any of th e mat t ers men tion ed in c l aus e (a) , juri sdi ct ion and po we rs of all court s ex cept th e Supreme Cour t wi th r esp ect to an y of thos e ma tt ers , and f e es in r espect of an y of thos e ma tt ers but not in clud ing f ees t ak en in an y court ; but an y l a w ma de b y P a rli a me nt , whi ch P a rli a me nt would not but for th e provis ions of this art i cl e h av e been co mp et ent to mak e , sh all , to th e ext ent of th e in co mp et en cy, ceas e to h av e effect on th e expiration of th e s aid p eriod , ex cep t as r esp ect s things don e or o mitt ed to b e don e b e fore th e expir ation th er eof . 1 370 . Tempo ra ry p rovisions w ith resp ect to th e Stat e of Ja mmu and K a s h mi r . —(1) Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion ,— (a) th e provis ions of arti cle 238 sh all not appl y in r el a tion to the St at e of J a mmu and K ash mir; (b) th e po wer of P arli a ment to mak e l aws fo r th e s aid St at e shall b e li mi t ed to— (i) tho s e matt ers in th e Union Lis t and th e Concurr ent Lis t which , in consul t ation with th e Gov e rn ment of th e St at e, ar e d e cl ar ed b y th e Pr esid en t to co rr espond to ma tters sp ecif i ed in th e Inst ru ment of Accession gov erning th e accession of th e St at e to th e Do minion o f Indi a as th e ma tt ers with r esp ect to whi ch th e Domi nion L e gisl a tur e ma y ma k e l a ws for th at St at e ; and (i i) su ch o th er mat t ers in th e said List s as , with th e con curr ence of th e Gov ern me nt of th e St at e, the Pr esid ent ma y b y o rd er sp ecify.
Explanation . — For th e purpos es of this art i cl e, th e Gov ern me nt of th e St at e means th e p erson for th e time b eing r e cognis ed b y th e Pr esid en t as th e M a h ar aj a o f J ammu a n d K a s h mi r a ct i n g o n t h e a d v i c e o f t h e C o u n cil o f Minist ers for the ti me b eing in offi ce und er th e Mah ar a j a’s Procl a mation d at ed th e fif th d a y of Mar ch, 1948; ________________________________________________________________________________________ c) th econferred provisby ions of arti 1 andonof art icle sh appl y in Assembly r el a tion 1. In exercise of the(powers this article thecle President, thethis recommendation ofall the Constituent of to th the State ofthJammu and at St at e;Kashmir, declared that, as from the 17 day of November, 1952, the said art. 370 shall be operative with the modification that for the Explanation in cl. (1) thereof, the following Explanation is substituted, (d) su ch of th e oth er provi sions of this Consti tution sh all app l y in r el a tion namely:“Explanation ForSt the of themodif State means the person fore the time being to th– at a tpurposes e subj eofctthis to article, su ch the ex Government ce ption s and i c ations as th Pr esid ent ma y recognised b byythe President ord er sp eon cifthe y:recommendation of the Legislative Assembly of the State as the *Sadar-I Riyasat of Jammu and Kashmir, acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers of the State for the time being in office.”. (Ministry of Law Order No. C.O. 44, dated the 15th November, 1952). *Now “Governor”.
Provid ed th at no su ch ord er whi ch r el at e s to the mat t ers sp ecifi ed in th e Inst ru men t of Accession of th e St at e r ef e rr ed to in p ar agr aph (i) of sub- cl aus e (b) sh al l b e is su ed ex cept in consult at ion wi th th e Gov ern me nt of th e St at e: Provid ed fur th er th at no su ch ord er whi ch r el at es to ma tt ers other th an thos e r ef err ed to in the l ast pr eceding proviso sh al l be issu ed ex cept with th e con curr en ce of th at Gov ern me nt. (2) If th e con curr en ce of th e Gov ern ment of the St at e r ef err ed to in p ar agr aph (i i) o f sub - cl ause (b) of cl aus e (1) or in th e s e cond proviso to sub- cl aus e (d) of th at cl au se b e giv en b efor e th e Consti tu ent Assemb l y for th e purpos e of fr aming th e Consti tution o f th e S t at e is conv en ed , it sh all b e pl aced b efor e su ch A ss e mbl y for suc h d e cision as it ma y t ak e th er eon . (3) Not withs t anding an ything in th e for egoing provis ions of this arti cle, th e Pr esid en t ma y, b y publi c notif ication , d e cl ar e th at thi s ar ti cl e sh all ceas e to b e op er at iv e or sh all b e op er ativ e onl y with su ch exception s and modif i cations and fro m su ch d at e a s h e ma y sp e cif y: Provid ed th at the r e co mmend at ion of th e Con stitu ent Ass e mbl y of th e St at e r ef err ed to in claus e (2) sh all be n ecess ar y b efor e th e Pr esid ent issu es su ch a noti fi c ation . 371 . Special p rovis ion w ith resp ect to th e Stat es of Maha rasht ra and G u j a rat .— * * * * * (2) Not withs t anding an ything in this Const itution , th e P r esid ent may b y ord er mad e wi th resp ec t to th e St at e of Mah a r ashtr a or Guj ar at , provid e for an y sp ecial r espons ibili t y of th e Gov ernor for — (a) th e est abl ishme n t of s ep ar ate d ev elop me nt bo ards for Vid arbh a , M a r ath w ad a, and th e r est o f M ah ar asht r a or , as th e c as e ma y b e, Sau r ashtr a , Kut ch and th e rest of Guj ar at with th e provi sion th at a r eport on th e wo rking of each of th ese bo ards will b e pl aced each year b efor e th e St ate Legisl at iv e A ss e mbl y; (b) th e equit ab le allo cat ion of funds for d ev elop ment al exp enditur e ov er th e s aid ar eas , subj ect to th e r equir e me nts of th e St at e as a who le; and ( c) an equit abl e arr ang ement providing ad equ ate f a cili ti es for techni cal edu c ation and vo cation a l tr aining , and ad equ ate opportuni ti es for emplo yme nt in s ervi ces und er th e control of th e St at e Gov ern me nt , in resp ect of all th e s aid ar eas , subject to th e r equireme n ts of th e Stat e as a who le. 371 A. Sp ecia l provis ion w ith re sp ect to th e Stat e of Naga land .— (1 ) Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion ,— (a) n o Ac t o f P ar l i a men t i n r es p e c t o f — (i) r e ligious or so ci al pr acti c es of th e Nag as, (i i) N ag a cus t o ma r y l a w and p r o c ed u r e , (i ii) ad ministr a tion of civil and cri min al ju sti ce involv ing d ecisions a c c o r d i n g t o N ag a cus t o ma r y l aw , (i v) o wn ership and tr ansf er of l and and its r esour ces , sh al l app l y to the St at e of Nagaland unl ess th e Legis l ativ e Ass emb l y of N a g al and b y a re solu tion so d e cid es ; (b) th e Gov ernor of Nag a l and sh all h av e sp eci al r espons ibilit y with r esp ect to l a w and ord er in th e St at e of Nag al and for so long as in his opinion int e rn al disturba n c es o c curring in th e N ag a Hi lls- Tu ens ang Ar ea i mme d i at el y b efor e th e for mation of th at St at e continu e th erein or in an y p art th er eo f and in th e dis ch arg e of his fun ctions in r el ation th ereto th e Gov ernor sh all , aft er consul ting th e Coun cil of Minis ters , ex er cis e his individu al judgmen t as to th e action to b e t aken: Provid ed th at i f an y qu estion aris es wh eth er any ma t t er is or is not a ma t t er as r esp ect s whi ch th e Gov e rnor is und er this sub-cl aus e r equir ed to act in th e
ex er cis e of his individu al judg me nt , th e d e cision of th e Gov ernor in his dis cr e tion sh all b e fin al , and the v alidi t y of anything don e b y th e Gov e rnor sh all not b e call ed in qu est ion on th e ground th at h e ought or ought not to h av e act ed in th e ex er cis e of his indiv idu al judg me nt: Provid ed fur th er th at if th e Pr esid ent on r eceipt of a r eport fro m th e Gov e rnor or oth er wis e is s at isfi ed th at it is no long er n e ce ss ar y for th e Gov ernor to h av e sp eci a l r e sponsibil it y with r espect to l a w and ord er in th e St at e of Nag a l and, he ma y b y ord er dir e ct th at th e Gov ernor sh al l ceas e to h av e su ch r espons ibili t y with eff e ct fro m su ch d at e as may b e sp ecifi ed in th e ord er; ( c) in ma king his r e co mme nd ation with r esp ect to an y d e mand for a gr ant , th e Gov ernor of Nag a l and sh all ensur e th at an y mo n e y p rovid ed b y th e Gov ern me nt of Indi a out of th e Consolid at ed Fund of Ind i a for an y sp ecifi c s ervi ce or purpos e is in clud ed in th e d e mand for a gr an t r el at ing to th at s ervi ce or purpos e and not in any oth er d e mand ; (d) as fro m su ch d at e as th e Governor of Nag al and ma y b y public noti fi c ation in this b eh alf sp ecif y, th er e sh all be est abl ish ed a region al coun ci l for th e Tu ens ang distr i ct consisting of thir t y-fiv e me mb ers and th e Gov e rnor sh al l in h is d is cr et ion ma k e rul es providing for— (i) th e co mposition of th e r egion al coun cil and th e mann er in whi ch th e me mb er s of th e r egion al coun cil sh all b e chos en: Provided that the Deputy Commissioner of the Tuensang district shall be the Chairman ex officio of the regional council and the Vice-Chairman of the regional council shall be elected by the members thereof from amongst themselves; (ii) the qualifications for being chosen as, and for being, members of the regional council; (iii) the term of office of, and the salaries and allowances, if any, to be paid to members of, the regional council; (iv) the procedure and conduct of business of the regional council; (v) the appointment of officers and staff of the regional council and their conditions of services; and (vi) any other matter in respect of which it is necessary to make rules for the constitution and proper functioning of the regional council. (2) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, for a period of ten years from the date of the formation of the State of Nagaland or for such further period as the Governor may, on the recommendation of the regional council, by public notification specify in this behalf,— (a) the administration of the Tuensang district shall be carried on by the Governor; (b) where any money is provided by the Government of India to the Government of Nagaland to meet the requirements of the State of Nagaland as a whole, the Governor shall in his discretion arrange for an equitable allocation of that money between the Tuensang district and the rest of the State; (c) no Act of the Legislature of Nagaland shall apply to Tuensang district unless the Governor, on the recommendation of the regional council, by public notification so directs and the Governor in giving such direction with respect to any such Act may direct that the Act shall in its application to the Tuensang district or any part thereof have effect subject to such exceptions or modifications as the Governor may specify on the recommendation of the regional council: Provided that any direction given under this sub-clause may be given so as to have retrospective effect; (d) the Governor may make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of the Tuensang district and any regulations so made may repeal or amend with retrospective effect, if necessary, any Act of Parliament or any other law which is for the time being applicable to that district; (e) (i) one of the members representing the Tuensang district in the Legislative Assembly of Nagaland shall be appointed Minister for Tuensang affairs by the Governor on the advice of the
Chief Minister and the Chief Minister in tendering his advice shall act on the recommendation of the majority of the members as aforesaid; (i i) th e Mini st er for Tu ens ang aff air s sh all d e al with , and h av e dir ect access to th e Gov ernor on , all ma tt ers r el ating to th e Tu ens ang dis tri ct but h e sh al l k e ep th e Chi ef Minis t er infor med about the s a me ; (f) not wi thst anding an ything in th e for egoing provis ions o f this cl aus e , th e fin a l d e ci sion on all matt ers r elating to th e Tu ens ang dist ri ct sh all b e mad e b y th e Gov ernor in his dis c r etion; (g ) in art i cl es 54 and 55 and cl aus e (4) of arti cle 80, r ef e r ences to th e el ect ed me mb ers of th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mbl y of a S t at e or to each su ch me mb e r sh a ll inc lud e r ef er en c es to th e me mb ers or me mb er of th e L egisl at iv e Ass e mbl y of Nag al and el ect ed by th e r egion al coun cil es tab lished und er this a rt i cl e; (h) i n art i cl e 1 7 0 — (i) cl aus e (1) sh all , in rel at ion to th e Legis l ativ e Ass emb l y of Nag al and , h av e eff e ct as if for th e wo rd “s ixt y”, th e wo rd “fo rt y-six ” h ad b e en substi tut ed; (i i) in th e s aid cl aus e , th e r ef er en c e to dir ect el ection fro m t erri tori al const itu en ci es in th e St at e sh all in clud e el ect ion b y th e memb ers of th e r egion al coun ci l est abl ish ed under this ar ti cl e; (i ii) in c l aus es (2) and (3) , r ef er en c es to t erri tori al const itu en ci es sh al l mean r ef eren c es to t erri tori al cons titu en cies in th e Kohi ma and Mokok chung d istr i cts . (3) If an y diffi cult y ar is es in giving eff e ct to an y of th e for egoing provis ions of this ar ti cl e, th e Pr esid ent ma y b y o rd er do anything ( in cluding an y ad ap t ation or modifi cat ion of an y oth er articl e) whi ch app ears to hi m to b e n ecess ar y for the purpos e of r e moving th at dif fi cult y: Provid ed th at no su ch ord er sh all b e ma d e af t er th e expir ation of thr ee years fro m th e d at e of th e for mation of th e St at e of Nag al and . E xp lanation ..— I n t h i s art i cl e, t h e Ko h i ma , Mo k o k ch u n g an d T u ens an g dis tri cts sh al l hav e th e s a me meanings as in th e St at e of Nag al and Ac t, 1962 . 3 7 1 B . Sp ecial provis ion w ith re sp ect to th e Stat e of Assa m. — Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion , the Pr esid ent may, b y ord er mad e with r esp ect to th e St at e of Ass am, prov id e fo r th e consti tution and fun ctions of a co mmi tt ee of the Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y of th e Stat e consis ting of memb er s of that Ass e mbl y el ect ed fro m th e trib al ar eas sp ecif i ed in P art I of th e t abl e app end ed to p ar agr aph 20 of th e Sixth S chedul e and su ch nu mb er of o th er me mb ers of th at Ass e mbl y as may b e sp ecifi ed in th e ord er and for th e modifi cation s to b e mad e in th e rul es of pro c edur e of th at Ass e mbl y for th e consti tution and prop er fun ct ioning of su ch co mmi tt ee. 371 C. Sp ecia l provis ion w ith re sp ect to th e Stat e of Manipu r. —(1) Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion , the Pr esid ent may, b y ord er mad e with r esp ect to th e St at e of Manipur , provid e for th e consti tution and fun ctions of a co mmit t e e of th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mb l y o f th e St at e consisting of memb ers of th at Ass e mbly el ect ed fro m th e Hill Ar eas of th at St at e, for th e mod ifi cations to b e mad e in the rul es of business of th e Gov ern ment and in the rul es of pro c edur e of th e L e gisl at iv e Asse mb l y of th e St at e and for an y sp e ci al r espons ibili t y of th e Gov ernor in ord er to s e cure th e prop er function ing o f su ch co mmi tt ee. (2) The Governor shall annually, or whenever so required by the President, make a report to the President regarding the administration of the Hill Areas in the State of Manipur and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of directions to the State as to the administration of the said areas.
Explanation.—In this article, the expression “Hill Areas” means such areas as the President may, by order, declare to be Hill areas. 371D. Special provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh.—(1) The President may by order made with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh provide, having regard to the requirements of the State as a whole, for equitable opportunities and facilities for the people belonging to different parts of the State, in the matter of public employment and in the matter of education, and different provisions may be made for various parts of the State. (2) An order made under clause (1) may, in particular,— (a) require the State Government to organise any class or classes of posts in a civil service of, or any class or classes of civil posts under, the State into different local cadres for different parts of the State and allot in accordance with such principles and procedure as may be specified in the order the persons holding such posts to the local cadres so organised; (b) specify any part or parts of the State which shall be regarded as the local area— (i) for direct recruitment to posts in any local cadre (whether organised in pursuance of an order under this article or constituted otherwise) under the State Government; (ii) for direct recruitment to posts in any cadre under any local authority within the State; and (iii) for the purposes of admission to any University within the State or to any other educational institution which is subject to the control of the State Government; (c) specify the extent to which, the manner in which and the conditions subject to which, preference or reservation shall be given or made— (i) in the matter of direct recruitment to posts in any such cadre referred to in subclause (b) as may be specified in this behalf in the order; (ii) in the matter of admission to any such University or other educational institution referred to in sub-clause (b) as may be specified in this behalf in the order, to or in f avour of candid at es who h av e r esid ed or studi ed for an y p eriod sp ecifi ed in th e ord er in th e lo cal ar ea in r esp ect of su ch cadr e, Un iv ersity or oth er edu c ation a l institu tion , as th e ca s e may b e . (3) Th e Pr esid ent ma y, b y ord er , provid e for the consti tution of an Ad ministr a tiv e Tribun al for th e St at e of Andhr a Pr ad esh to ex ercis e su ch jur isdi ction , powers and au thorit y [ in cluding an y jurisd i ction , po wer and author it y wh ich i mmed i at el y b efor e th e co mmencemen t of th e Const itution ( Th i r t y-s e co n d A me n d me n t ) A ct , 1 9 7 3 , w as ex er cis ab l e b y an y c o u r t ( o t h e r t h an th e Supr eme Court) or b y an y tribun al or oth er author it y] as may b e sp ecifi ed in th e ord er with resp ect to th e follo wing matt ers , n a mel y: — (a) appoint me nt, allot ment or pro motion to su ch cl ass or cl ass es of posts in an y civil s ervi ce of th e St at e, or to su ch cl ass or cl ass es of civil pos ts und er th e St at e, or to su ch cl ass or class es of post s und er th e control of an y lo cal author it y within th e St at e, as may b e sp ecifi ed in th e ord er; (b) s enior it y of p ersons appoin ted , allott ed or pro mot ed to su ch cl ass or cl ass e s of pos ts in an y civil s ervi ce of th e St at e, or to su ch cl ass or cl ass es of civi l po sts und er th e St at e, or to su ch cl ass or cl ass e s of pos ts und er th e contro l of an y lo cal authori t y with in th e S t at e, as may b e sp ecifi ed in th e ord er; ( c) su ch oth er condit ions of s ervi ce of p ersons appoint ed , allo tt ed or pro mot ed to su ch cl ass or cl ass es of posts in any civil s erv i c e of th e St at e or to su ch cl ass or cl ass e s of civ il post s und er th e St at e or to su ch cl ass or cl ass e s of pos ts und er th e control of an y lo cal au thor it y within th e St at e, as ma y b e sp e ci fi ed in th e ord er . ( 4 ) An o r d er ma d e u n d er cl aus e ( 3 ) ma y — (a) authoris e th e Ad min istr ativ e Tribun al to r eceiv e r epr es ent at ions for th e r edr ess of gri ev an c es r el a ting to an y mat t er within i ts jurisdi ct ion as
th e Pr esid en t may sp ecif y in the ord er and to mak e su ch ord ers th er eon as th e Ad ministr a tiv e Tribun al d e ems fit; (b) cont ain su ch provision s with r esp ect to th e powers and author iti es and pro c edur e of th e Ad ministr ativ e Tribun al ( in cluding prov isions with r esp ect to th e po wers of th e Admi nis tr ativ e Tribun al to punish for cont empt of its elf) as th e Pr es ident ma y d eem necess ar y; ( c) p rovid e for th e tr ans f er to th e Ad ministrativ e Tribun al of su ch cl ass e s of pro c ee dings , b eing pro ceedings r el a ting to ma tt ers within i ts jur isdi ction and p ending b efor e an y court (oth er th an th e Supr eme Cour t) or tribun al o r oth er authori t y i mme d i at el y b efore th e co mme n c emen t of su ch ord er , as ma y b e sp e cifi ed in th e ord er; (d) cont ain su ch suppl emental , in cid ent al and cons equ enti al provis ions (in c luding provision s as to f e es and as to li mit ation , evid en ce or for th e appli cation of an y l a w for th e time b e ing in fo r ce subj ect to an y ex ception s or modif i cations) as th e Pr esid en t ma y d eem n ecess ar y. 1 (5) Th e Ord er of th e Ad ministr at iv e Tribun al fin a ll y disposing of an y cas e sh al l b e co me eff e ct iv e upon it s confir ma t ion b y th e St at e Gov ern me nt or on the expir y of thr e e mo nths fro m th e d at e on whi ch th e ord er is ma de, whi ch ev e r i s earl i er: Provid ed th at the St at e Gov ernmen t may, b y speci al ord er made in writing and for r e asons to be sp ecifi ed th erein , mod if y or annul an y ord er of th e Ad ministr a tiv e Tribun al b efor e it b e co mes eff e ctiv e and in su ch a cas e, th e ord er of th e Ad ministr at iv e Tribun al sh al l h av e eff e ct onl y in su ch modif i ed fo r m or b e o f n o eff e ct , a s t h e c as e ma y b e. (6) Ev er y sp eci al ord er ma d e b y th e St at e Gov ern me nt und er th e proviso to cl aus e (5) sh al l b e l aid , as soon as ma y b e aft er it i s ma d e , b e for e both Hous es of th e St at e Legis latur e. (7) Th e High Court for th e St at e sh all not h av e an y powers o f sup erin t enden ce ov er th e Ad ministr a tiv e Tribun al and no cou rt (oth er th an th e Supr eme Cou rt) or tr ibun al sh all exer cis e an y juri sdi ct ion, po wer or authori t y in r esp ect of an y mat t er subj ect to th e jurisd i ction , po wer or authori t y of , or in r el at ion to, th e Ad ministr a tiv e Tribun al . (8) If th e Pr esident is s at isfi ed th at th e continu ed exist en ce of th e Ad ministr a tiv e Tribun al i s not n e cess ar y, th e Pr esid en t ma y b y ord er abolish th e Ad ministr a tiv e Tribun al and ma k e su ch provisions in su ch ord er as h e ma y d eem fi t fo r th e t r ansfer and dispos al of cas es p ending b efor e th e Tribun al i mme d i atel y b efor e su ch aboli tion . (9) Not withs t anding an y judg me nt , d e cr ee o r ord er of an y court , tribun al or o t h er aut h o r i t y ,— (a) no appoint me nt , posting , pro motion or tr ansf er of an y p erson— (i) ma d e b efor e th e 1st d a y of Nov e mb er , 1956 , to an y post und er th e Gov ern me nt of, or an y lo cal authori t y wi thin , the St at e of Hyd erab ad as it e xis t ed b efo re th at d at e; or (i i) mad e b efor e th e co mmen c emen t of th e Const itution ( Thir t ys e co n d A mend me n t ) A ct , 1 9 7 3 , t o an y p o s t u n d er t h e Gov er n men t o f , o r an y lo cal or other authori t y wi thin , th e St at e of Andhr a Pr ad esh; and (b) no action t ak en or thing done b y o r b efo r e an y p erson r ef erred to in sub- cl au s e (a ) , sh al l b e d e e me d to b e ill eg al o r void or ev er to h av e b e co me i lle g al or void me r e l y on th e g round th at th e appoint me nt , posting , p ro mo tion or tr ansf er of su ch p erson was not ma d e in accord an ce with an y l aw, th en in for c e, p roviding for an y r equir e me nt as to r esid en ce within th e St at e of Hyd er ab ad or, as th e cas e ma y be, within an y p art of th e St at e of Andhr a Pr ad esh , in r esp ect of such appoint me nt , post ing, pro motion or tr ansf er.
(10) Th e prov isions of thi s ar ticl e and of any ord er ma d e b y the Pr esid ent th er eund er sh al l h av e eff e ct notwiths t anding anything in an y oth er provis ion of thi s Cons titution or in an y o th er l a w for th e time b e ing in fo r ce. 371 E. Esta blishmen t o f Cent ral Univ ersity in Andh ra Prad esh .— P arl i a ment ma y b y l a w provid e for th e est abli sh men t of a Univ ersi t y in the St at e of Andhra Pr ad esh . 371 F. Sp ecial provis ions w ith resp e ct to th e Stat e of Si kki m. — Not withs t anding an ything in this Constitu tion ,— (a) th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mb l y o f th e St at e of Sikki m sh all consi st of not l ess th an th irt y memb er s; (b) as fro m th e d at e of co mme ncemen t of th e Const itution ( Thirt y- sixth Amend ment ) Act , 1975 (h er eafter in this art i cl e r ef err ed to as th e appoint ed d a y) — (i) th e Ass e mbly for Sikki m formed as a r esu lt of th e el ection s h eld in Sikki m in April , 1974 wi th thirty-t wo me mb er s el ect ed in th e s aid e l e ct ions (h er ein aft er r ef e rr ed to as th e sitt ing me mb e r s) sh all b e d e e med to b e th e Leg islativ e Ass e mbl y of th e St at e of Sikki m dul y consti tut ed und er this Constitu tion; (i i) th e sitting memb er s sh all be d eemed to b e th e memb ers of th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y of th e St at e of Sikki m duly el ect ed und er thi s Consti tution; and (i ii) th e s aid Legis l ativ e Ass e mbl y of th e St at e of Sikki m sh all ex er cis e th e powers and p e rform t h e fun ctions of th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y of a St at e und er thi s Consti tution; ( c) in th e cas e of th e Ass e mbl y d eemed to b e th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y of th e St at e of Sikki m und er cl ause (b) , th e r ef er en c es to th e p eriod of fiv e ye ars, in cl aus e (1) of a rt i cl e 172 sh a ll b e con stru ed as r ef er en c es to a p eriod of four years and th e s aid p eriod of four years sh all b e d eemed to co mme n ce fro m th e appoint ed d a y; (d) until oth er provis ions ar e ma d e b y P ar li ame n t b y l aw, ther e sh all b e allo tt ed to th e St at e of Sikki m on e s e at in th e Hous e of th e P eopl e and th e St at e of Sikk i m sh al l fo r m on e parl i a ment ar y const itu en cy to b e call ed th e p arl i a ment ar y const itu en cy for Sikki m; ( e) th e r epr es ent at iv e o f th e St at e of Sikki m in th e Hous e of th e P eopl e in exis t en c e on th e appoint ed d a y sh all b e el ect ed b y th e me mb ers of th e Legisl ativ e As semb l y of th e St at e of Sikki m; (f) P ar li a men t ma y, for th e pu rpos e of prot ecting th e rights and int e r ests of th e diff er en t s e ct ions o f th e popul at ion o f S ikki m ma k e provis ion fo r th e nu mb er of s e ats in th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mb l y o f th e St at e of Sikki m wh i ch ma y b e fil l ed b y candid at e s b elong ing to su ch s e ctions and for th e deli mi t ation of th e ass e mbl y const itu en ci es from whi ch candidat es b elonging to su ch s e ctions alon e ma y st and for el ection to th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y of th e St at e of Sikki m; (g) the Governor of Sikkim shall have special responsibility for peace and for an equitable arrangement for ensuring the social and economic advancement of different sections of the population of Sikkim and in the discharge of his special responsibility under this clause, the Governor of Sikkim shall, subject to such directions as the President may, from time to time, deem fit to issue, act in his discretion; (h) all property and assets (whether within or outside the territories comprised in the State of Sikkim) which immediately before the appointed day were vested in the Government of Sikkim or in any other authority or in any person for the purposes of the Government of Sikkim shall, as from the appointed day, vest in the Government of the State of Sikkim;
(i) the High Court functioning as such immediately before the appointed day in the territories comprised in the State of Sikkim shall, on and from the appointed day, be deemed to be the High Court for the State of Sikkim; (j) all courts of civil, criminal and revenue jurisdiction, all authorities and all officers, judicial, executive and ministerial, throughout the territory of the State of Sikkim shall continue on and from the appointed day to exercise their respective functions subject to the provisions of this Constitution; (k) all laws in force immediately before the appointed day in the territories comprised in the State of Sikkim or any part thereof shall continue to be in force therein until amended or repealed by a competent Legislature or other competent authority; (l) for the purpose of facilitating the application of any such law as is referred to in clause (k) in relation to the administration of the State of Sikkim and for the purpose of bringing the provisions of any such law into accord with the provisions of this Constitution, the President may, within two years from the appointed day, by order, make such adaptations and modifications of the law, whether by way of repeal or amendment, as may be necessary or expedient, and thereupon, every such law shall have effect subject to the adaptations and modifications so made, and any such adaptation or modification shall not be questioned in any court of law; (m) neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have jurisdiction in respect of any dispute or other matter arising out of any treaty, agreement, engagement or other similar instrument relating to Sikkim which was entered into or executed before the appointed day and to which the Government of India or any of its predecessor Governments was a party, but nothing in this clause shall be construed to derogate from the provisions of article 143; (n) the President may, by public notification, extend with such restrictions or modifications as he thinks fit to the State of Sikkim any enactment which is in force in a State in India at the date of the notification; (o) if any difficulty arises in giving effect to any of the foregoing provisions of this article, the President may, by order, do anything (including any adaptation or modification of any other article) which appears to him to be necessary for the purpose of removing that difficulty: Provid ed th at no su ch ord er sh all b e ma d e af t er th e expir y of two years fro m th e appoint ed d a y; (p) all things done and all actions taken in or in relation to the State of Sikkim or the territories comprised therein during the period commencing on the appointed day and ending immediately before the date on which the Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975, receives the assent of the President shall, in so far as they are in conformity with the provisions of this Constitution as amended by the Constitution (Thirty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1975, be deemed for all purposes to have been validly done or taken under this Constitution as so amended. 371G. Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.—Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,— (a) no Act of Parliament in respect of— (i) religious or social practices of the Mizos, (ii) Mizo customary law and procedure, (iii) administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to Mizo customary law, (iv) ownership and transfer of land, shall apply to the State of Mizoram unless the Legislative Assembly of the State of Mizoram by a resolution so decides : Provided that nothing in this clause shall apply to any Central Act in force in the Union territory of Mizoram immediately before the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty-third Amendment) Act, 1986; (b) th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mb l y o f th e St at e of Mi zor a m sh all consist of not l ess th an for t y me mb e r s. 371H. Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.—Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution,—
(a) the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh shall have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh and in the discharge of his functions in relation thereto, the Governor shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers, exercise his individual judgment as to the action to be taken: Provided that if any question arises whether any matter is or is not a matter as respects which the Governor is under this clause required to act in the exercise of his individual judgment, the decision of the Governor in his discretion shall be final, and the validity of anything done by the Governor shall not be called in question on the ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in the exercise of his individual judgment: Provided further that if the President on receipt of a report from the Governor or otherwise is satisfied that it is no longer necessary for the Governor to have special responsibility with respect to law and order in the State of Arunachal Pradesh, he may by order direct that the Governor shall cease to have such responsibility with effect from such date as may be specified in the order; (b) th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mb l y o f th e St at e of Arun ach al Pr ad esh sh al l consis t o f no t l ess th an thi rt y me mb ers . 371-I . Sp ecial provis ion w ith re sp ect to th e Stat e of Goa . —Not with st anding an ything in th is Consti tution , the Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y of th e Stat e of Go a sh all consis t o f no t l ess th an thi rt y me mb ers . 372 . Cont inuance in fo rce of exist ing law s and th ei r adaptation .— (1) Not withs t anding th e r ep e al b y this Const itution of th e en act ments r ef er r ed to in art i cl e 395 but subj ect to th e other provis ions o f this Const itution , all th e l a w in for ce in th e t errito r y of Ind i a immed i at el y b efor e th e co mmencemen t of this Consti tution sh all cont inu e in for ce th er ein unt il alt er ed or r ep e al ed or amend ed b y a co mp et en t L e gisl a tur e o r oth er co mp et ent a uthor it y. (2) For th e purpos e of brining th e provision s of an y l aw in for ce in th e t err itor y of India into accord with th e provis ions of this Const itution , th e Pr esid en t ma y by ord er mak e such ad apt ations and mod ifi cations of su ch l a w, w h eth er b y w a y of r ep e al or a mend me nt , a s ma y b e n e c ess ar y or e xp edi ent , and provid e th at th e l a w sh all , as fro m su ch d a t e as ma y b e sp e cif i ed in th e ord er , h av e eff e ct subje c t to th e ad apta tion s and modifi c a tions so made , and an y su ch ad apt at ion or modif i cation sh all not b e qu estioned in an y cou rt of l a w. (3) Nothing in cl aus e (2) sh al l be d eemed — (a) to empower th e Pr esid en t to mak e an y ad aptation or modifi ca tion of an y l a w aft er the expir ation of thr ee years fro m th e co mme n cement of this Consti tution; or (b) to pr ev ent an y co mp et ent Le gis l atur e or o th er co mp et ent author it y fro m r ep e aling or amending any l a w ad ap t ed or modifi ed b y the Pr esid ent und er th e s aid cl aus e . Explanation I .— Th e expr ess ion “l aw in for ce” in this art i cl e sh all in clud e a l a w p ass ed or ma d e b y a Legis l atur e or oth er comp et ent authori ty in th e t erri tory of Indi a b efor e th e co mme n cement of this Const itut ion and not pr evious l y r ep e al ed , not withst and ing th at it or p arts of it may not b e th en in op er ation either a t all or in p art ic ul ar ar e as . Explanation II .— An y l a w p assed or mad e b y a Legisl atur e or oth er co mp et ent author it y in th e t err itor y of India wh i ch i mme diat el y b efor e th e co mme n cement of this Const itution h ad extr a-t erri tori al eff e ct as well as eff e ct in th e t err itor y of Indi a sh al l, sub je c t to an y su ch a d apt at ions and mo difi c at ions as a for es aid , contiu e to h av e su ch extr a- territori al ef f ect. Explanation II I.— Noth ing in this arti cl e shall be constru ed as continu ing an y t e mpor ar y l a w in for ce b e yond th e d at e fix ed for its expi r ation or th e d at e on whi ch it would h av e expir ed if thi s Cons titution h ad not co me into for ce. Explanation I V .— An Ordin an c e pro mulg at ed b y th e Gov e rnor of a Provin c e und er s e ction 88 of th e Gov ernme n t of Indi a Ac t , 1935, and in for ce i mme d i at el y b efor e th e co mmen cemen t of this Const itution sh all , unl ess withdr awn b y th e
Gov ernor of th e corr esponding St at e earl i er , ceas e to op er at e at th e expir ation of six w e eks fro m th e fir st me et ing aft er su ch comme n c e me n t of th e L egisl a tiv e Ass e mbl y of th at St at e fun ct ioning und er cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 382 , and nothing in thi s ar ti cl e shall b e constru ed as continuing an y su ch Ord in ance in for ce b e yond th e s aid p eriod . 372 A. Pow e r of th e Presid ent to adapt law s.—(1) For th e purpos es of bring ing th e provis ions o f an y law in for c e in Indi a or in an y part th er eo f, i mmed i at el y b efor e th e co mmencemen t of th e Const itution (S eventh Amend ment) Act , 1956 , into accord with th e provis ions of this Const itution as amend ed b y th at Act , th e Presid en t may b y ord er mad e b efor e th e firs t d a y of Nov e mb er , 1957 , ma k e su ch ad apt ations and mod ifi cation s of th e l a w, wh eth er b y way of r ep e al o r a me n d me n t , a s ma y b e n e c es s ar y o r exp ed i ent , and p r o v i d e t h at t h e l aw sh al l, as fro m su ch d at e as ma y b e sp e c ifi ed in th e ord er , h av e e ff e ct sub j ec t to th e ad apt at ions and mod ifi cations so mad e , and an y su ch ad ap tation or mo difi cat ion shall not b e qu estion ed in an y court of l a w. (2) Nothing in cl aus e (1) sh al l be d e e med to pre v ent a co mp e t ent L egisl a tur e or oth er co mp etent authori t y fro m r ep e aling or amen ding an y l aw ad ap t ed o r mo difi ed b y th e Pr esid en t und er th e s aid cl aus e . 373 . Pow er of Pr esid ent to ma ke o rd e r in respect of p e rsons und er p r ev entiv e d et ention in c e rta in c as es .— Unti l provis ion is made b y P a rli a me nt und er cl aus e (7) of arti cl e 22 , or unti l the expi ration of on e year fro m th e co mmen cement of this Const itution , wh i ch ev er is earl i er , th e s aid arti cl e sh all h av e eff e ct as if for an y r ef er enc e to P arli a me nt in cl aus es (4) and (7) th er eof th er e wer e substitu t ed a r ef er ence to th e Pr esident and for an y r ef er en ce to an y l a w mad e b y P arl i a ment in tho se cl aus es th er e wer e substi tut ed a r ef er en c e to an ord er ma d e b y th e Pr esid ent . 374 . Prov isions as to Judg es o f th e Fed e ra l Cou rt and p ro ceedings p ending in th e F ed e ral C ou rt o r b efo re H is Maj esty in Coun cil .—(1) Th e Judg es of th e F ed er al Court holding off i ce i mme d i at el y b efore th e co mme n c emen t of this Consti tution sh all , unl ess th ey hav e el ect ed oth er wis e, b e co me on su ch co mmen cement th e Judg es of the Supr eme Court and sh all th er eupon b e en titl ed to su ch s al ar ies and allo wan c es and to su ch rights in r esp ect of leav e of abs en c e and p ension as ar e provid ed for und er arti cl e 125 in r esp ect of th e Judg es of th e S u p r e me Cou rt . (2) All sui ts, app e als and pro c ee dings , civil or cri min al , p ending in th e F ed er al Court at th e commen cemen t of thi s Cons titution sh all st and r emo v ed to th e Supr e me Cou rt , a nd th e Supr e me C ourt sh all h av e jurisd i ction to h e ar and d et er min e th e s ame , and th e judg me nts and orders of th e F ed eral Court d eliv ered or mad e b efo re th e co mmen cement of this Consti tution sh all h av e th e s a me for ce a nd eff e ct as if th e y h ad b e en de liv e r ed or ma de b y th e Sup r e me C ourt . (3) Nothing in this Const itution sh all op er at e to inv alid at e th e ex er cis e of jur isdi ction b y His Maj est y in Coun cil to dispos e of app e als and p etit ions from, or in r esp ect of , an y judg men t, d e cr ee or ord er of an y court within th e t err itor y of Indi a in so f ar as th e ex er cis e of su ch jurisdi ction i s au thoris ed b y l aw , and an y ord er of His Maj est y in Coun cil ma d e on any su ch app e al or p etit ion af t er th e co mmen cement of this Const itution sh al l fo r al l purpos es h av e eff e ct as if i t were an ord er or d e cree mad e b y th e Supr eme Cou rt in th e ex er cis e of th e jurisd iction conf err ed on such Court b y this Constitu tion . (4) On and fro m th e co mmen c emen t of this Const itution th e jurisd i ction of th e author it y fun ctioning as th e Priv y Coun cil in a St at e sp eci fi ed in P art B o f th e Fir st Sch edu l e to ent ert ain and dispo se of app ea ls and p etit ions fro m or in r esp ect of an y judg me nt , d e cr ee or ord er of an y court with in th at St at e sh al l ceas e, and al l app e als and oth er pro ceedings p ending b efor e th e s aid authori t y at su ch co mme n c eme n t sh all b e tra nsf err ed to , and dispos ed of b y, th e Sup r e me Court .
(5) Furth er provis ion ma y b e mad e b y P a rli a me nt b y l a w to g iv e e ff e ct to th e provis ions of this art i cl e . 375 . Cou rt s, autho rit i es and offi cers to continu e to fun ction subj ect to th e p rovis ions o f th e Constitut ion.— All cour ts o f civi l, cri min al and r ev enu e jur isdi ction , all author iti es and all off i cers , judici al , ex ecutiv e and minist er i al , throughou t th e terri tor y of Indi a, sh all continu e to ex er cis e th eir r esp ectiv e fun ct ions subj ect to th e provis ions of this Constitu tion . 376 . Prov isions as to Judg es o f High Cou rts .—(1) Not wi thstanding an ything in cl aus e (2) of art i cl e 217 , th e Judg es of a High Court in an y Provin ce holding offi ce i mmed i atel y b efor e th e co mmen cement of this Const itution sh all , unl ess th ey h av e el ect ed oth er wis e, b e co me on su ch comme n cemen t the Judg es of th e High Court in the corr esponding St at e, and sh all th er eupon b e enti tl ed to su ch s al ar i es and al lowan c es and to su ch rights in r esp ect of l e av e of abs en ce and p ension as ar e provid ed for under arti cl e 221 in r esp ect of th e Judg es of su ch High Court . Any su ch Judg e shall , not with st anding th at h e is not a citi zen of Indi a, b e eligible for appoint me nt as Chi ef Just ice of su ch High Court , or as Chi ef Just i c e o r oth er Judg e of an y oth er High Court . (2) Th e Judg es of a High Cour t in an y Indi an Stat e corr esponding to an y S t at e sp ecif i ed in P art B of th e F irst S ch edul e holding offi ce i mme d iat el y b efor e th e co mmen cement of this Const itution sh al l, unl es s th ey h av e el ected oth er wis e, b e co me on su ch co mme n cement th e Judg es of th e High Cour t in th e St at e so sp ecif i ed and shall , not with st anding an ything in cl aus es (1) and (2) of arti cl e 217 but subj ect to th e proviso to cl aus e (1) of th at art icl e, continu e to hold office unti l th e exp ir ation of su ch p eriod as th e Pr eside nt ma y b y ord er d et er min e . (3) In this art icl e, th e expr ession “Judg e” do es not in clud e an ac ting Judg e or an addition a l Judg e. 377 . Prov isions as to Co mp t roll er and Au dito r- Gen e ral of India .—Th e Auditor- Gen er a l of Indi a holding offi ce i mme d iat el y b efor e th e co mme n cement of this Const itution sh al l, unl es s h e h as el ect ed oth er wis e, b e come on su ch co mme n cement th e Co mptroll er and Audi tor- Gen er al of Indi a and sh all th er eupon b e entit l ed to suc h s al ari e s and to su ch rights in r esp e ct of l e av e of abs en c e and p ension as ar e provid ed for under cl aus e (3) of art i cl e 148 in r esp ect of th e Co mptroll er and Auditor- Gen er al of Indi a and be entit l ed to continu e to hold offi ce unt il th e expir a tion o f h is t er m of offi ce as d et er min ed und er th e provis ions wh i ch we r e app li c abl e to hi m i mme di at el y b efo r e such c o mme n c e me n t . 378 . Prov isions as to Pub li c S ervi ce Co mmi ss ions .— (1) Th e memb ers of th e Publi c S erv i ce Co mmi ssion for th e Do min ion of Indi a holding offi ce i mme d i atel y b efor e th e co mmen cemen t of this Const itution sh all , unl ess they h av e el ect ed oth er wis e, b e come on su ch co mme n cemen t th e me mb er s o f the Publi c S erv i ce Co mmi ssion for th e Un ion and sh all , not with st anding an ything in cl aus es (1) and (2) of arti cl e 316 but subj ect to th e proviso to claus e (2) of th at art i cl e, cont inu e to hold offi ce unti l th e exp ir ation of th eir t er m of offi ce as d eter min ed und er th e rul es whi ch w ere a ppli c abl e i mme d i at el y b efore su ch co mme n ce me n t to su ch me mb e r s. (2) Th e Memb ers of a Publi c S ervi ce Co mmi ssion of a Prov in ce or of a Publ i c S ervi ce Co mmi ssion s erv ing th e n e eds of a group of Provin c es holding off i ce i mmed i at el y b efor e th e co mmencemen t of this Const itution sh al l, un l ess th ey h av e el ect ed other wis e, b e co me on su ch co mme ncemen t th e me mb ers of th e Publi c S erv i ce Co mmi ssion for th e corr esponding St at e or th e me mb er s o f the Join t S t at e Publi c S ervi ce Co mmi ssion s erving th e n e eds of the corr esponding St at e s, as th e c as e ma y b e , and sh all , not with st anding an ything in cl aus es (1) and (2) of arti cl e 316 but subj ect to th e proviso to claus e (2) of th at art i cl e, cont inu e to hold offi ce unti l th e exp ir ation of th eir t er m of offi ce as d eter min ed und er th e rul es whi ch w er e appli c abl e i mme d i at el y b efore su ch co mme n ce me n t to su ch me mb e r s.
378 A. Sp ecia l provis ion as to du ration of Andh ra Prad esh Legis lativ e A s s e mb l y .— Notwiths t anding anything cont ain ed in arti cl e 172 , th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y of th e St at e of Andhr a Pr ad esh as consti tut ed und er the provision s of s e ct ions 28 and 29 of th e St at es Reorg anis a tion Act , 1956 , sh al l, un l ess soon er dis solv ed, cont inu e for a p e riod of fiv e years fro m th e d a t e r e f err ed to in th e s aid s e ct ion 29 and no long er and th e expir at ion of the s aid p eriod shall op er at e as a dis solution of th at Legisl ativ e Ass e mb l y . 379 .—391 . Rep. b y th e Cons titution (S eventh Amend men t ) Act, 1956 , s . 29 and S ch . 392 . Pow er of th e Presid ent to remo v e dif fi cult i es.—(1) Th e Pr esid en t ma y, for th e purpos e of r e moving an y diffi cu lti es , p arti cu l arl y in r el ation to th e tr ans ition fro m th e provis ions of th e Gov ern ment of Indi a Act , 1935 , to th e provis ions of this Const itution , b y ord er dir e ct th at thi s Cons titution sh all , during su ch p eriod as ma y b e specif i ed in th e ord er , h av e ef fect subj ect to su ch ad apt at ions, wheth er b y way of mo difi cat ion, addit ion o r o mis sion , as h e ma y d eem to b e n ecess ar y or exp edi ent: Provid ed th a t no su ch ord er sh all b e ma d e af t er th e firs t me e ting of P arli a me nt dul y const itut ed und er Ch ap t er II of P art V. (2) Ev er y ord er ma d e und e r cl aus e (1) sh all b e la id b efor e P arlia me n t . (3) Th e pow er s c onf err ed on th e Pr esid ent b y this art i cl e , b y arti cl e 324 , b y cl aus e (3) of arti cl e 367 and b y art i cl e 391 sh all, b e for e th e co mme n cemen t of thi s Cons titution , b e ex er cis able b y th e Gov ernor- G en er al of the Do min ion o f India.
PART XXII SHORT TITLE, COMMENCEMENT, AUTHORITATIVE HINDI AND REPEALS
TEXT IN
393 . Short t itl e. — This Const itution may b e called th e Constitu tion of Indi a. 3 9 4 . Co mme n c e me n t. — Th i s art i c l e and art i cl es 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 6 0 , 3 2 4 , 3 6 6 , 3 6 7 , 3 7 9 , 3 8 0 , 3 8 8 , 3 9 1 , 3 9 2 and 3 9 3 s h all co me i n t o f o r c e at o n c e , and t h e r e maining provision s of th is Const itution sh al l co me into for ce on th e t w ent ysix th d a y of J anu ar y, 1950, which d a y is r ef err ed to in this Const itution as th e co mmen cement of this Const itution . 394 A. Autho ri tativ e t ext in the Hindi languag e .—(1) Th e Presid en t sh all caus e to b e publish ed und er his author it y,— (a) th e tr ans l ation of this Constitu tion in th e Hindi l angu ag e, sign ed b y th e me mb er s of th e Consti tu ent Ass e mbl y, wi th su ch modifi cat ions as ma y b e n ecess ar y to bring it in confor mit y with th e l angu ag e, st yl e and t er minolog y adopt ed in th e author it ativ e t exts of Centr al Acts in th e Hindi l angu ag e, and in corpor ating ther ein all th e amend ments of this Consti tution mad e b e for e su ch publi c at ion; and (b) th e tr ans l ation in th e Hindi l angu ag e of ev er y amend ment of this Consti tution mad e in th e Eng lish l angu ag e. (2) Th e tr ansl at ion of this Constitu tion and of ev er y amend ment th er eof publi sh ed und er cl aus e (1) sh all b e con stru ed to h av e th e s a me mean ing as th e orig in al th er eof and if an y diffi cult y ar is es in so construing an y p art of su ch tr ans l ation , th e Pr esid en t sh all caus e th e s a me to b e r evis ed suit abl y. (3) Th e tr ansl at ion of this Constitu tion and of ev er y amend ment th er eof publi sh ed und er this art i cl e sh all b e d eemed to b e , for all purpos es , th e author it ativ e t ext th er eof in th e Hindi l angu ag e.
395 . Repea ls.— Th e Indian Ind ep end en ce Act, 194 7, and th e Govern men t of Ind ia Act, 1935 , tog eth er with all enact men ts amen ding or sup plemen ting the latter Act, bu t no t in clu ding th e Abo lition of Priv y Coun cil Ju risd iction Act, 1949 , are h ereb y rep ealed .
FIRST SCHEDULE [Articles 1 and 4] I . T H E S TA T ES
Na m e 1 . An d h ra P ra d e s h
2 . As s a m
3. Bihar
4 . Guja rat 5 . Kerala 6 . Madhya Prad esh
7 . Ta mi l Nad u
T er r i t o r i es Th e t e r ri t o ri es s p e ci fi ed i n s u b - s e c t i o n ( 1 ) o f s e ction 3 of th e Andh ra Sta t e Act , 1953 , sub-s e ction (1) of s e ction 3 of th e S tat es Re o rganisat ion Act , 1956 , th e Fi rst S ch edul e to th e Andh ra Prad esh and Mad ra s ( Al t eration of Boundari es) Act , 1959, and th e S ch edul e to th e Andh ra Prad esh and Myso re ( T ransf er of Territo ry) Act , 1968 , but ex cluding th e t errito r i es sp ecif i ed in th e S e cond S ch edul e to th e Andh ra Prad esh and Mad ras (Alt eration of B o u n d a ri es) A ct , 1 9 5 9 . Th e t e r ri t o ri es w hi ch i mme d ia t ely b ef o r e t h e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w ere co mp ris ed in th e Provin c e of Assa m, th e Khasi Stat es and th e Assa m Tri bal Areas , but ex cluding th e t erritori es sp ecif i ed in th e S ch edul e to the Assa m ( Alt eration of Bounda ri es) Act , 1951 and th e t errito r i es sp ecif i ed in sub-s e ction (1) of s e ction 3 of th e Stat e of Nagaland Act, 1962 and th e territo ries sp ec ifi ed in s e ction s 5 , 6 and 7 of the No rth- East e rn A r eas ( R eo rg a n i s a t i o n ) A ct , 1 9 7 1 . Th e t e r ri t o ri es w hi ch i mme d ia t ely b ef o r e t h e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w ere either co mp ris ed in the Provin c e o f Biha r o r w e re b eing ad mi nist ered as if th ey fo rme d pa rt of that Provin ce and th e t errito ri es sp ecif i ed in claus e (a) of sub-s e ct ion (1) of s e ction 3 of th e Biha r and Utta r Prad esh ( Alt eration of Bounda ri es) Act , 1968 , but ex cluding th e territo ri e s specifi ed in sub- s ection (1) of s e ction 3 of th e Biha r and West Benga l ( Transf er of Territo ri es) Act , 1956 , and th e t errito ri e s sp ecif i ed in claus e (b) of sub-section (1) of s ection 3 of th e fi rst me n tion ed A ct and th e t e r rito ri e s sp ecif i ed in s e ction 3 of th e Biha r Reo rgan isation Act, 2000. Th e t erri tori es ref erred to in sub-s e ctio n (1) of s e cti o n 3 o f t h e B o mba y R eo rg a n i s a ti o n A ct , 1 9 6 0 . Th e t errito ri es sp eci fi ed in sub-s ection (1) of s e cti o n 5 o f t h e S t a t es R eo rg a n i s a ti o n A ct , 1 9 5 6 . Th e t errito ri es sp eci fi ed in sub-s ection (1) of s e ction 9 of th e Stat es Reo rganisa tion Act , 1956 and th e Fi rst S ch edul e to th e Ra jasthan and Madhya P r a d esh ( T ran s f e r o f T e r ri t o ri e s ) A ct , 1 9 5 9 b u t ex cluding th e territo ri e s specifi ed in s e ct ion 3 of th e M a d hy a P ra d esh R eo rg a n i s a t i o n A ct , 2 0 0 0 . Th e t e r ri t o ri es w hi ch i mme d ia t ely b ef o r e t h e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w ere either c o mp r is ed in the P r ovin c e of Mad ra s o r w e re b eing ad mi nist ered as if th ey fo rmed pa rt of that
8 . Maha rasht ra
9 . Ka rnata ka
1 0 . O ri s s a
11 . Punja b
12 . Raja sthan
1 3 . Ut t a r P ra d esh
Provin ce and th e t errito ri es sp ecif i ed in s ection 4 of t h e S t a t es R eo rg a n i s a ti o n A ct , 1 9 5 6 , a n d t h e S e con d S ch edul e to th e A ndh ra P rad esh and Mad ras ( Alt erat ion of Bounda ri es) Act , 1959, but ex cludi ng th e t errito ri e s sp ecif i ed in sub-s e ct ion (1 ) of section 3 and sub-s e ction (1) of s e ction 4 of the Andhra Stat e Act , 1953 and th e territori es sp eci fi ed in c laus e (b) of sub-s e ct ion (1 ) of s e ction 5 , s e ction 6 and claus e (d) of sub-s e ct ion (1) of s e ction 7 of th e Stat es Reo rganisat ion Act , 1956 and th e territo r i es sp ecif i ed in th e Fi rst S ch edul e to th e Andh ra Prad esh and Mad ras ( Alt eration of Bounda ries) Act , 1959. Th e t errito ri es sp eci fi ed in sub-s ection (1) of s e ction 8 of th e Stat es Reo rganisa tion Act , 1956 , but ex cluding th e territo ri e s ref e rred to in sub-s ection (1) of s e ction 3 of th e Bo mbay Reo rganisation Act, 1960. Th e t errito ri es sp eci fi ed in sub-s ection (1) of s e ction 7 of th e Stat es Reo rganisa tion Act , 1956 but ex cluding th e territo ry sp ecif ied in th e S ch edul e to th e Andh ra Prad esh and Mysore ( T ransf er of T e r r i t o ry) A ct , 1 9 6 8 . Th e t e r ri t o ri es w hi ch i mme d ia t ely b ef o r e t h e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w ere either co mp ris ed in the Provin c e o f Or issa o r w e re being ad mi nist ered as if th ey fo rme d pa rt of that Province. Th e t errito ri es sp eci fi ed in s e ction 11 of th e Stat es Reo rganisation Act, 1956 and th e t errito ri e s ref erred to in Pa rt II of th e First S ch edul e to th e A c q u i r ed T e r ri t o ri es ( M e rg e r) A c t , 1 9 6 0 b u t ex cluding th e territo ri e s ref e rred to in Pa rt II of th e Fi rst S ch edul e to th e Constitution ( Ninth Amen d men t) Ac t , 1960 and the t errito ri es specif i ed in sub-s e ction (1) of s e ction 3 , s e ction 4 and subs e ction (1) s e ction 5 of th e Punjab Reo rganisation Act, 1966. Th e t errito ri es sp eci fi ed in s e ction 10 of th e Stat es Reo rganisation Act, 1956 but ex cluding th e t errito r i es sp ecif i ed in th e Fi rst S ch edul e to th e Rajasthan and Mad hya Prad esh ( T ransf er of T e r r i t o ri es ) A ct , 1 9 5 9 . Th e t e r ri t o ri es w hi ch i mme d ia t ely b ef o r e t h e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w ere either co mp ris ed in the Provin c e kn ow n as th e Unit ed Provin c es o r were b eing ad mi nis tered as if th ey fo rmed pa rt of that Provin ce, th e t e rrito ri es sp ecif i ed in claus e (b) of sub-section (1) of s ection 3 of th e Biha r and Utta r Prad esh ( Alt eration of Bounda ri es) Act , 1968, and th e t errito ri es sp ec if i ed in claus e (b) of sub-s e ctio n (1 ) of s e ction 4 of th e Ha ryana and Utta r Prad esh ( Alt erat ion o f B o u n d a ri es) A ct , 1 9 7 9 , b u t ex clu d i n g t h e t e r ri t o ri es sp ecif i ed in claus e (a) of sub-section (1) of s ection 3 of th e Biha r and Utta r Prad esh ( Alt eration of
Bounda ri es) Act , 1968, and th e t errito ri es sp ec if i ed in s e ction 3 of th e Utta r Prad esh Reo rganisation Act , 2000 and th e t errito ri es sp ecif i ed in cla us e (a) of sub-s ect ion (1) of s e ction 4 of th e Ha ryana and U t t a r P ra d esh ( A l t e ra t i o n o f Bou n d a ri es) A ct , 1 9 7 9 . 1 4 . W es t B en g a l Th e t e r ri t o ri es w hi ch i mme d ia t ely b ef o r e t h e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w ere either co mp ris ed in the Provin c e o f West Benga l o r w ere b eing ad mi nistered as if th ey fo rmed pa rt of that Provin ce and th e t errito ry of Chand e rnago re as d efin ed in claus e ( c) of s e ction 2 o f t he C h a n d e rna g o r e ( M e rg e r) A ct , 1 9 5 4 a n d a l s o t h e t errito r i es sp ecif i ed in sub- section (1) of s e ction 3 o f t h e Bih a r a n d W es t B en g a l ( T ran s f e r o f T e r r i t o ri es ) A ct , 1 9 5 6 . 1 5 . J a mmu a n d Ka s h mi r T h e t e r ri t o ry w h i ch i mme d i a t ely b ef o r e t h e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w as co mpris ed in th e Indian Stat e of Ja mmu and Kash mi r. 16 . Nagalan d Th e t errito ri es sp eci fi ed in sub-s ection (1) of s e cti o n 3 o f t h e S t a t e o f Na g a l a n d A ct , 1 9 6 2 . 17 . Ha ryana Th e t errito ri es sp eci fi ed in sub-s ection (1) of s e ction 3 of th e Punjab Reo rganisa tion Act , 1966 and th e t erritori es sp eci fi ed in claus e (a) of subs e ction (1) of section 4 of th e Ha ryana and Utta r Prad esh ( Alt eration of Bounda ri es) Act , 1979 , but ex cluding th e territo ri e s specifi ed in claus e (v) of sub-s ection (1) of s e ction 4 of that Act . 18 . Hi ma chal Pr ad esh Th e t errito ri es w hich i mme d iat ely b efo re th e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w ere b eing ad mi nist ered as if th ey w ere Chi ef Co mmi ssion ers’ P r o v i n c es u n d er t h e n a me s o f H i ma c h a l P ra d e s h and Bilaspu r and th e t e rrito ries sp ecif i ed in subs e ction (1) of section 5 of th e Punjab Reorganisa tion Act, 1966. 19 . Manipu r Th e t errito ry w hi ch i mme diat ely b efo re th e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w as b eing ad mi nist ered as if it w ere a Chi ef Co mmi s sion er’s Provin ce und er th e na me of Manipu r. 2 0 . T rip u ra Th e t e r ri t o ry w hi ch i mme d i a t e l y b ef o r e t h e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w as b eing ad mi nist ered as if it w ere a Chi ef Co mmi s sion er’s P r o v i n c e u n d e r t h e n a me o f T ri p u ra . 2 1 . M eg h a l a y a Th e t e r r i t o ri es s p e c i f i ed i n s e cti o n 5 o f t h e No rth E a s t e rn A r eas ( R eo rg a n i s a t i o n ) A ct , 1 9 7 1 . 2 2 . S i kki m Th e t e r r i t o ri es w hi ch i mme d ia t ely b ef o r e t h e co mmen ce me n t of th e Cons titution ( Thi rty -sixth A me n d me n t ) Ac t , 1 9 7 5 , w e r e co mp r i s ed i n S i k ki m. 23 . Mizo ra m Th e t errito ri es sp eci fi ed in s e ction 6 of th e NorthE a s t e rn A r eas ( R e o rg a n i s a t i o n ) A ct , 1 9 7 1 . 2 4 . A ru n a cha l P r a d esh Th e t e r ri t o ri es s p e ci fi ed i n s e cti o n 7 o f t h e N o rth - Eas t e rn A r e a s ( Reo rg a n i s a t i o n ) A ct , 1 9 7 1 . 25 . Goa Th e t errito ri es sp ecif i ed in s e ction 3 of th e Goa , D a man a n d Diu R eo rg a n i s a t i o n A ct , 1 9 8 7 .
26 . Chhat tisga rh 2 7 . Ut t a ran ch a l 2 8 . J ha r kh a n d
Th e t errito ri es sp ecif i ed in s e ction 3 of th e Madhya P r a d esh R eo rg a n i s a ti o n A ct , 2 0 0 0 . Th e t er r i t o r i e s s p ec i f i ed i n s e cti o n 3 o f t h e Ut t a r P r a d esh R eo rg a n i s a ti o n A ct , 2 0 0 0 . T h e t e r r i t o ri es s p e ci f i ed i n s ec t i o n 3 o f t h e Biha r R eo rg a n i sa t i o n A ct , 2 0 0 0 .
I I . TH E UN I O N T E R RI T O RI ES Na m e 1 . Delhi
* *
2 . Th e An d a ma n a n d Ni cob a r I s l a n d s
Ex t en t Th e t errito ry w hi ch i mme diat ely b efo re th e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution w as co mpris ed in th e Chi ef Commi s s ion er’s Pr ovin ce of Delhi . * * * * * * * * T h e t e r ri t o ry w h i ch i mme d i a t e l y befo re t h e c o mme n c e me n t o f t h i s Con st i t u t i o n w as co mp ris ed i n t h e Chi ef Co mmi s sion er’s Provin ce of th e Anda ma n and N i cob a r I s l a n d s .
3 . L a ksh a d w e ep
Th e t e r ri t o ry s p e ci f i ed i n s e cti o n 6 o f t h e S t a t es R e o rg a n i s a t i o n A c t , 1 9 5 6 .
4 . Dad ra a n d
The t e r ri t o ry w hi c h i mme d i a t e l y b efo re e l ev ent h d a y o f
Na g a r Hav e l i
th e
Aug u s t 1 9 6 1 w as co mp r i s ed i n F re e Dad ra a n d N aga r Hav eli .
5 . D a man a n d Diu 6 . P o n d i ch e r ry
7 . Chandiga rh
Th e t e r ri t o ri es s p e ci f i ed i n s e cti o n 4 o f t h e Go a , D a man a n d Diu R eo rg a n i s a t i o n A ct , 1 9 8 7 . Th e t e r ri t o ri es w hi ch i mme d ia t ely b ef o r e t h e sixt een th day of August , 1962 , w ere co mp ris ed in th e Fren ch Establish men ts in India know n as Pondi ch erry , Ka ri kal , Mah e and Yana m. Th e t errito ri es sp ecifi ed in s e ction 4 of th e Punjab R e o rg a n i s a t i o n A c t , 1 9 6 6 .
SECOND SCHEDULE [ Ar t i c l es 5 9 ( 3 ) , 6 5 ( 3 ) , 7 5 ( 6 ) , 9 7 , 1 2 5 , 1 4 8 ( 3 ) , 1 5 8 ( 3 ) , 1 6 4 ( 5 ) , 1 8 6 an d 2 2 1 ] PART A PROVISIONS AS TO THE PRESIDENT AND THE GOVERNORS
OF
STATES
1 . Th ere shal l b e paid to th e Presid ent and to th e Gov e rno rs of th e Stat es th e follow ing emo l u men ts per men s em, that is to say:— T h e P r e s i d ent .. 1 0 ,0 0 0 rup e es* . T h e Gov e rno r o f a S t a t e . . 5 ,5 0 0 rup e es* * . 2 . Th ere shal l also b e paid to th e Presid ent and to th e Gov e rno rs of th e Stat es su ch allow ances as w ere payabl e resp ectiv ely to th e Gov e rno r- G en eral of th e Do min ion of India and to th e Gov ernors of th e co rresponding Provin c es i mme diat ely b efo re th e co mmen cemen t o f th is Const itution . 3 . Th e Presid ent and th e Gov erno rs of th e Stat es th roughout th ei r resp e ctiv e t erms of offi ce shal l b e en titl ed to th e sa me p riv il eg es to w hich the Gov e rno r- Gener al and th e Gov e rno rs of th e co rresponding Provin c es w ere resp e ctiv ely entit l ed i mme d iately b efo re th e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitu tion . 4 . Whil e th e Vic e - P r esid ent o r any oth e r p e rson is dis cha rging th e fun ction s o f, o r is a cting as , Presid ent , o r any p e rson is dis cha rging th e fun ction s o f the Gov e rno r , h e shall b e entit l ed to th e sa me emo l u men ts, allow ances and p rivil eg es as th e Presid ent o r th e Gov e rno r w hose fun ctions h e dis cha rg es or fo r w ho m h e a cts , as th e ca se ma y b e . * PART C PROVISIONS AS TO THE SPEAKER AND THE DEPUTY SPEAKER OF THE THE PEOPLE AND THE CHAIRMAN AND THE DEPUTY CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF STATES AND THE SPEAKER AND THE DEPUTY SPEAKER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY AND THE CHAIRMAN AND THE DEPUTY CHAIRMAN OF THE LEGISLAT IVE COUNCIL OF A STATE
HOUSE
OF
7 . Th ere shal l b e paid to th e Sp ea ker of th e Hous e of th e Peopl e and th e Chai rma n of the Co un cil o f Stat es su ch sala ries and allow ances as w ere payabl e to th e Sp ea ker of th e Constitu en t Ass e mb ly of th e Do mi nion of India i mme d i at ely b efo re th e co mme n cemen t o f th is Constitut ion, and th ere shall b e paid to th e Deputy Sp ea ker of th e Hous e of th e Peopl e and to th e Deputy Chai rma n of the Co un cil of Stat es su ch sala ries and allow ances as w ere payabl e to th e Deputy Sp ea ker of th e Co ns titu ent Ass e mb ly of th e Do min ion of India i mme d iat ely b efo re such co mmen ce me nt . 8 . Th ere shal l b e paid to th e Sp ea ker and the Dep uty Sp ea ker of th e Legisla tiv e As se mb ly and to th e Chai rman and th e Depu ty Chai rma n of the Legisla tiv e Co un cil of a Stat e su ch sala ri es and allow a nces as w ere payabl e resp e ctiv ely to th e Sp ea ker and th e Depu ty Sp ea ker of th e Le gis lativ e Ass e mb ly and th e Presid ent and th e Depu ty Presid ent of th e Legisla tiv e Coun cil of th e co rresponding Provin ce i mme diat ely b efo re th e co mmen ce me nt ________________________________________________________________________________________________ of this Consti tution and , w here th e co rresponding Provin ce had no * Now 50,000 rupees, vide Act 25 of 1998, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1.1.1996). Legisla tiv erupees, Coun cilAct i mme iat ely b efo re su ch co mmen ce me n t , th ere shall b e ** Now 36,000 vide 27 of d1998, s. 2 (w.e.f. 1.1.1996) paid to th e Chai rma n and t he Deputy Cha i rman of th e Leg islativ e Coun cil of th e Stat e su ch sala ri e s and al low anc es as th e G ov e rno r o f the Stat e may d et e r mi n e .
PART D PROVISIONS
AS TO THE
JUDGES
OF THE
SUPREME COURT
AND OF THE
HIGH
COURTS 9 . (1) Th ere shall b e paid to th e Judg es of the Sup reme Court , in resp ect of ti me s p ent on actual s e rvi ce, sala ry at th e follow ing rat es p er me n s em, t hat is to say:— T h e Ch i ef J u s t i ce .. 1 0 ,0 0 0 r u p e es* . A n y o t h er J u d g e .. 9 ,0 0 0 r u p e es* * : Provid ed that if a Judg e of th e Sup reme Cou rt at th e ti me of his appoint men t is in receipt of a p ension (oth er than a disabil ity o r w ound p ension ) i n resp ect of any p r evious s e rvi ce und er th e Gov e rn me n t of India o r any of its p r ed ec e sso r Gov e rnme n ts o r und e r th e Gov e rn me nt of a Stat e o r any of its p r ed ecesso r Gov e rnme n ts , h is salary in resp ect of s e rvi ce in th e S u p r e me C o u rt s h a l l b e r ed u ce d — (a) b y th e amount of th at p ension , and (b) if h e h as , b efor e su ch appoint me nt , r eceiv ed in li eu of a port ion of th e p ension du e to hi m in r esp ect of su ch pr evious servi ce th e co mmut ed v alu e th er eof , b y th e amo unt of th at port ion of th e p ension , and ( c) if h e h as , b efor e su ch appoint me nt , r eceiv ed a r etir ement gr atu it y in r esp ect of su ch pr ev ious s erv i c e, b y th e p ens ion equiv al ent of th at gr atu it y. (2) Ev ery Judge of th e Su preme Cou rt shal l b e entitl ed w ithout pay men t of rent to th e us e of an offi cia l resid en ce. (3) Nothing in sub-pa rag raph (2) of this pa ragraph shall apply to a Judg e w ho, i mme d iat ely b efo re th e commen c e men t of this Constitu tion ,— (a) was holding offi ce as th e Chi ef Jus ti ce of the F ed er al Court and h as b e co me on su ch co mme n cement th e Chi ef Justi ce of th e Supr eme Court und er c l aus e ( 1 ) o f art i cl e 3 7 4 , o r (b) was holding offi ce as an y oth er Judg e of th e F ed er al Court and h as on su ch co mme n c eme n t b e co me a Judg e (oth er th an th e Chi ef Justi c e) of th e Supr eme Cou rt und er th e s aid cl aus e , du ring th e p e riod h e holds office as su ch Ch ief Justi ce o r other Judg e, and ev ery Judge w ho so b e co mes th e Chi ef Justi ce o r oth e r Judg e of th e Sup reme Cou rt shall , in resp ec t of ti me s p ent on actual s e rvice as su ch Ch ief Just ice o r oth er Judg e, as th e cas e may b e , b e entitl ed to receiv e in addit ion to th e sala ry specif i ed in sub -pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph as sp ecial pay an a moun t equ ival ent to th e diff eren c e b etw een th e sala ry so sp ecif i ed and th e sala ry w hich h e w as d raw ing i mme d ia t ely b efo r e su ch comme n c e me n t . (4) Ev ery Judge of th e Su preme Cou rt shal l receiv e su ch reasonabl e __________________________________________________________ allow ances to re i mb u rs e hi m fo r exp ens es in cu rred in t rav elling on duty *Now 33.000 rupees, vide Act 18 of 1998, s. 7 (w.e.f. 1-1-1996) w ithin th e t errito ry of India and shall b e afford ed su ch reasonabl e fa ci liti es Nowection 30.000 rupees, s. 7,elibid 1-1-1996). in ** conn withvide t rav ling(w.e.f. as th e Presid ent ma y f ro m t i me to ti me p r es c rib e . (5) Th e rights in resp ect of l eav e of abs en c e (in cluding l eav e allow ances) and p ension of th e Judg es of th e Sup reme Cou rt shall b e govern ed by th e p rovis ions w hich , i mme d iat ely b efo re th e co mmen ceme n t of this Consti tution , w ere app li cable to th e Judg es of th e Fed e ral Cou rt . 10 . (1) Th ere shall b e paid to th e Judg es of High Cou rts , in re sp ect of ti me sp ent on a ctual s e rvi c e , sala ry at th e follow ing rat es p e r me n s e m, that i s to say ,— T h e Ch i ef J u s t i ce .. 9 ,0 0 0 r u p e es* . A n y o t h er J u d g e .. 8 ,0 0 0 r u p e es* * :
Provid ed that if a Judg e of a High Cou r t at th e ti me of his appoint men t is in receipt of a p ension (oth er than a disabil ity o r w ound p ension ) in resp ect of any p r evious s e rvi c e und e r th e Gov e rn me n t of India o r a ny of its p r ed e c esso r Gov e rn me n ts o r und e r th e Gov er n me n t o f a Stat e o r any of i ts p r ed ecesso r Gov e rn me n ts , h is sala ry in resp ec t of s e rvi ce in th e High Cou rt shal l b e redu ced — (a) b y th e amo unt of th at pension , and (b) i f h e h as , b efor e su ch appoint me nt , r e ce iv ed in li eu of a portion of th e p ension du e to hi m in r esp ect of su ch pr evious servi ce th e co mmut ed v alu e th er eof , b y th e amo unt of th at port ion of th e p ension , and ( c) i f h e h as , b efor e su ch appoint me nt , r e ce iv ed a r etir ement gr atu it y in r esp ect of su ch pr evious s erv i c e, b y th e p ens ion equiv al ent of th at gr atu it y. (2) Ev ery p e rson w ho i mme d iat ely b efo re th e co mmen ce me n t of this Constitu tion— (a) was holding offi ce as th e Chi ef Jus ti ce of a High Court in an y Provin c e and h as on su ch co mmen cement b e co me th e Chief Just i c e of th e High Cour t in th e corr espond ing St at e und er cl aus e (1) of articl e 376 , o r (b) was holding offi ce as an y oth er Judg e of a High Court in an y Provin c e and h as on su ch co mme n cement b e co me a Judg e (oth er th an th e Chi ef Just i c e) of th e High Court in th e corr esponding St at e und er th e s aid cl aus e , shal l, if h e w as i mme d i at ely b efo r e su ch co mme n c e me n t d raw ing a sala ry at a rat e high er than that sp ecif i ed in sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph , be entit l ed to receiv e in resp ect of ti me s p ent on a ctual s e rvi ce as su ch Chi ef Justi ce o r oth e r J udg e, a s t he cas e ma y b e , in addit ion to th e sala ry sp eci fi ed in th e said sub-pa rag raph as sp ecial pay an amo u nt equival en t to th e diff eren ce betw een th e salary so sp ecifi ed and th e sala ry w hich h e w as draw ing i mme d iat ely b efo re such co mmen ce me nt .
__________________________________________________ * Now 30,000 rupees, vide Act 18 of 1988, s. 4 (w.e.f. 1.1.1996) ** Now 26,000 rupees, vide s. 4, ibid. (w.e.f. 1.1.1996)
(3) Any p erson w ho, i mme d iat ely b efo re th e comme n c e men t of th e Constitu tion (Sev enth Amendmen t) Act , 1956 , w as hold ing offi ce as th e Chi ef Just ice of th e High Cou r t of a Stat e sp ecifi ed in Pa rt B of th e Fi rst S ch edul e a n d h a s o n s u ch co mme n c e me n t b e co me t h e C h i ef J u s t i c e o f t h e H i g h Cou r t of a Stat e sp ecifi ed in th e said S ch edul e as amen d ed by th e said Act , shall , if h e w as i mme d iat ely b efo re such co mmen ce ment d raw ing any a moun t as allow ance in addit ion to hi s sala ry , b e ent itl ed to receiv e in re sp ect of ti me sp ent on a ctual s e rvi ce as su ch Chi ef Justi ce, th e sa me a mo unt as allow ance in addit ion to th e sala ry sp ecifi ed in sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph . 1 1 . I n t h i s Par t , u n l ess t h e con t ext o t h e rw i s e r e q u i r es , — (a) th e expr ess ion “ Chi ef Justi ce ” in clud es an ac ting Chi ef Jus ti c e , and a “ Judg e ” in clud es an a d h o c Judg e; (b) “ a ctu al s er v i c e ” i n clu d es — (i) ti me sp ent b y a Judg e on dut y as a Judg e or in th e p erfor man ce of su ch oth er fun ctions as h e ma y at th e r equ est of th e Pr esid ent und ert ak e to dis ch arg e; (ii) v acations , ex cluding an y time du ring wh i ch th e Judg e is abs ent on l e av e; and (iii) jo ining time on t r ansf er fro m a High Court to th e Supr eme Court or fro m on e High Court to another .
PART E PROVISIONS AS TO THE COMPTROLLER AND A U D I T O R -G E N E R A L O F I N D I A 12 . (1) Th ere shall b e paid to th e Co mpt ro ll er and Aud ito r-Gen e ral of India a sala ry at th e rat e of * fou r thousand rup e es p er me ns em. (2) Th e p e rson w ho w as hold ing offi ce i mme d i at ely b efo re the co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution as Auditor- Gen e ral of India and has b e co me o n s u ch c o mme n c e me n t t h e Co mpt ro l l e r a n d Aud it o r- G en e ral o f India und er a rtcl e 377 shall in addition to th e sala ry sp ecif i ed in subpa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph b e entitl ed to receiv e as sp ec ial pay an a mo unt equivalent to th e diff eren ce b etw een th e sala ry so specif i ed and th e sala ry w hich h e w as d raw ing as Audito r- G en er al of India i mme d iat ely b efor e s u ch co mme n c e me n t . (3) The rights in respect of leave of absence and pension and the other conditions of service of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India shall be governed or shall continue to be governed, as the case may be, by the provisions which were applicable to the Auditor-General of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution and all references in those provisions to the GovernorGeneral shall be construed as references to the President.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
* The Comptroller and Auditor-General of India shall be paid a salary equal to the salary of the Judges of the THIRD SCHEDULE Supreme Court vide s. 3 of Act 56 of 1971. The salary of Judges of the Supreme Court has been raised to Rs. 30,000 per mensem by Act 18 of 1998, s. 7 (w.e.f.1.1.1996).
[Articles 75(4), 99, 124(6), 148(2), 164(3), 188 and 219]* F o r ms o f Oat h s o r Aff i r ma t i o n s I Fo rm of oath of offi ce fo r a Mini st er fo r th e Union: — “ I , A . B. , d o s w e a r t ru e fai th and
in
the
name
of
God
that
I
w ill
b ea r
solemnly affirm
all eg ian ce to the Co nstitutio n of India as by law establish ed , that I w ill uphold th e sov ereignty and integ rity of India , that I w ill faithful ly and cons ci ent iously dis cha rg e my duti e s as a Minist er fo r th e Union and that I w ill do right to all ma nn er of p eopl e in a c co rdan ce w ith th e Constitu tion and th e law , w ithout f ea r o r favou r, a ff e ction o r ill-w ill .” II F o r m o f o a t h o f s e c r e cy f o r a M i n i s t e r f o r t h e U n i o n : — “ I, A. B . , d o s w e a r d i r e ct ly o r i n d i r e ct ly
in
the
name
of
God
that I
w ill
not
solemnly affirm
co mmu ni ca t e or rev eal to any p e rson o r p e rsons any mat t er w hich shall b e b rought under my consid eration o r shall beco me kn ow n to me as a Minist er fo r the Union ex cep t as ma y b e requi red fo r th e due dis cha rg e of my duti e s as su ch M inist er.”
III A Fo rm of oath or affi rma tion to b e ma d e by a candidat e fo r el ect ion to Pa rlia me n t: — “ I, A . B. , h a v i n g b e en n o min a t ed a s a can d i d a t e t o f i l l a s ea t i n t h e C o u n cil o f S t a t e s ( o r t h e Hou s e o f t h e P eo p l e) d o s w e a r i n t h e n a m e o f God that I w ill b ea r t ru e faith solemnly affirm
and all egian ce to th e Constitution of India as by law esta blish ed and that I w ill uphold th e sov ereignty and int eg rity of India .” B Fo rm of oath or affi rma tion to b e ma d e by a me mb er of Pa rlia me n t: — “ I , A . B . , h a v in g b e en e l e ct ed ( o r n o mi n a t ed ) a me mb e r o f t h e Co u n cil o f Stat es (o r th e Hous e of th e Peopl e) do s w e a r i n t h e n a m e o f G o d tha t I w ill b ea r t ru e faith and all eg ian ce solemnly affirm
to th e Constitution of India as by law esta blish ed , that I w ill uphold th e sov ereignty and int eg rity of India and that I w ill faith fully dis cha rg e the d u t y u p o n w hi ch I a m a b o u t t o e n t e r .”
____________________________________________ *See also arts. 84(a) and 173(a).
IV
Fo rm of oath or affi rma tion to b e ma d e by th e Judg es of the Sup reme Cou rt and th e Co mp t roll er and Audito r- Gen eral of India: — “ I , A . B ., h a v i n g b e en a p p o i n t ed Ch i ef J u s t i c e ( o r a J u d g e) o f t h e S u p r e me C o u rt o f I n d i a ( o r C o mpt ro l l e r a n d Au d i t o r - G e n e ral o f India ) do s w e a r i n t h e n a m e o f G o d that I solemnly affirm
w ill b ea r t ru e fa ith and all eg ian ce to the Co nstitutio n of India as by law establish ed , that I w ill uphold th e sov ereignty and integ rity of India , that I w ill duly and faithful ly and to th e b est of my abi lity , know ledg e and judg me n t p e rfor m th e dut i es of my off i ce w ithout f ea r o r favou r, a ff e ction o r il l-w ill and that I w ill uphold th e Constitut ion and th e law s.” V Fo rm of oath of offi ce fo r a Mini st er fo r a Stat e: — “ I , A . B . , d o s w e a r i n t h e n a m e o f G o d that I w ill b ea r tru e faith and all eg ian ce to the solemnly affirm
Constitu tion of India as by law establish ed , that I w ill uphold th e sov ereignty and int eg rity of India , that I w ill faith fully and cons ci entiou sly dis cha rg e my duti es as a Minist er fo r th e State of ..........and that I w ill do right to all ma nn er of p eopl e in a c co rdan ce w ith th e Constitutio n and th e law w ithout f ea r o r favou r, af f e ction o r ill-w ill.” VI F o r m o f o a t h o f s e c r e cy f o r a M i n i s t e r f o r a S t a t e: —
“ I, A. B . , d o s w e a r i n t h e ind i r e ctly
or
name
that
of God
I
w ill
not
d i rectly
solemnly affirm
co mmu ni ca t e or rev eal to any p e rson o r p e rsons any mat t er w hich shall b e b rought under my consid eration o r shall beco me kn ow n to me as a M i n i s t e r f o r t h e S t a t e o f . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . ex c ept a s ma y b e r eq u i r ed f o r t h e d u e dis cha rg e of my duti es as su ch Min ist er.” VII A Fo rm of oath or affi rma tion to b e ma d e by a candidat e fo r el ect ion to th e L e g i s l a tu r e o f a S t a t e: — “I , A. B., having b e en no mi nat ed as a candidat e to fi ll a s eat in th e Legisla tiv e As se mb ly (o r Legislat iv e Coun cil) , do s w e a r i n t h e n a m e o f God that I w ill b ea r t ru e solemnly affirm
faith and allegian ce to th e Constitu tion of India as by law establ ish ed and that I w ill uphold th e sov ereignty and int eg rity of India .” B Fo rm of oath or affi rma tion to b e ma d e by a me mb er of th e Legisla tu r e of a Stat e: — “ I , A . B ., h a v i n g b e en e l e ct ed ( o r n o mi n a t ed ) a me mb e r o f t h e L e g i s l a t i v e A s s e mb l y ( o r Legisla tiv e Coun cil ), do b ea r t ru e faith and
swear
in
the
name
of
God
that I w ill
solemnly affirm
all eg ian ce to the Co nstitutio n of India as by law establish ed , that I w ill uphold th e sov ereignty and integ rity of India and that I w ill faith fully dis cha rg e th e duty upon w hi ch I a m about to ent e r.” VIII Fo rm of oath or affi rma tion to b e ma d e by th e Judg es of a High Cou r t:— “ I, A . B. , h a v i n g b een a p p o i n t ed Chi ef J u s t i c e ( o r a J u d g e) o f t h e Hig h C o u rt a t ( o r o f ) .. . . .. . .. . d o s w e a r i n t h e n a m e o f G o d t h a t I w il l b ea r t ru e fa ith a nd all eg ian ce to solemnly affirm
th e Constitut ion of India as by law established , that I w ill uphold th e sov ereignty and int eg rity of India , that I w ill duly and faithful ly and to th e b est of my abi lity , know l edg e and judg me n t p erfo r m t h e dut i es of my off i ce w ithout f ea r o r favou r, af f e ction o r ill-w ill and that I w ill uphold th e Constitu tion and th e law s.”
FOURTH SCHEDULE [ A rti cl e s 4(1 ) and 80(2)] Allo cat ion of s eats in th e Coun cil of St ates To ea ch Sta t e or Union t erritory sp ecifi ed in th e fi rst colu mn of th e fol low ing tab l e, th ere shall b e allo tt ed th e numb er of s eat s sp ecif i ed in th e s e cond colu mn th ereof opposite to that Stat e o r that Union territo ry , as th e c a s e may b e . TABLE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1 0. 1 1. 1 2. 1 3. 1 4. 1 5. 1 6. 1 7. 1 8. 1 9. 2 0. 2 1. 2 2.
Andhra Pradesh………………………………………………… Assam ………………………………………………………….. Bihar………………………………………………………… ….. J h a r kh a n d … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ….. Goa…………………………………………………………… ….. Gujarat……………………………………………………… ……. Haryana……………………………………………………… …… Kerala………………………………………………………… ….. Madhya Pradesh…………………………………………………. Chhattisgarh……………………………………………… ……… T a mi l Na d u ……………………………………………………… Maharashtra………………………………………………… ……… K a r n a t a ka … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ……. Orissa………………………………………………………… …… Punjab……………………………………………………… ……… Rajasthan…………………………………………………… …….. Uttar Pradesh………………………………………………………. Uttaranchal………………………………………………… ……… West Bengal……………………………………………………….. J a mmu a n d Kashmir………………………………………………. Nagaland…………………………………………………… ………. Himachal Pradesh………………………………………………….
18 7 16 6 1 11 5 9 11 5 18 19 12 10 7 10 31 3 16 4 1 3
2 3. 2 4. 2 5. 2 6. 2 7. 2 8. 2 9. 3 0.
Manipur………………………………………………………
1
Tripura……………………………………………………… ………. Meghalaya…………………………………………………… ……. S i k ki m… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ………. Mizoram……………………………………………………… …….. Arunachal Pradesh……………………………………………….. Delhi………………………………………………………… ……… Pondicherry………………………………………………… ……… Total………………………………………………
1
……..
1 1 1 1 3 1 23 3
FIFTH SCHEDULE [Article 244 (1 )] Provisions as to the Ad min istration and Con tro l of Scheduled Areas and Schedu led Tribes PART A GENERAL 1 . Int erpr et at ion. —In th is S ch edul e, unl ess th e cont ext oth e rw is e requi res , th e exp r ession “Stat e” do es not in clud e th e Stat es of Assa m, Megha laya, T r ipu ra and Miz o ra m. 2 . Ex ecu tiv e power of a St at e in S ch edul ed Ar ea s .—Sub j ect to th e p rovision s of this S ch edule, th e ex ecut iv e pow er of a Stat e ext ends to the S ch edul ed A r e a s t h e r ei n . 3 . Repor t b y th e Governor to th e Pr esid ent r eg arding th e ad ministr a tion of S ch ed u l ed Ar e as .— Th e Gov e rno r o f ea ch S t a te h a v i n g S ch ed u l ed A r eas th erein shal l annually , o r w hen ev er so requi re d by th e Pres id ent , ma ke a repo rt to th e Presid ent rega rding th e ad mi nist ra tion of th e Sch edul ed Area s in that Stat e and th e ex ecutiv e pow e r o f th e Union shal l ext end to th e giving of di rection s to th e Stat e as to th e ad mi nist ration of th e said a r eas . PART B ADMINISTRATION
AND
CONTROL
OF
SCHEDULED AREAS
AND
SCHEDULED TRIBES
4 . Tr ib es Adv isor y Coun cil .— (1) Th e r e shall b e establi sh ed in ea ch S tat e having S ch eduled Ar ea s th erein and , if th e Presid ent so di rects , also in any Stat e having S ch edul ed Trib es but not S ch edul ed Areas th erein , a Trib es Adviso ry Council cons isting of not mo re than tw enty me mb ers of w ho m, as n ea rly as may b e , th r e e-fou rths shal l b e th e r e p r es entat iv es of th e S ch ed ule d Trib es in th e Le gis lativ e Ass emb l y of th e Stat e: Provid ed that if th e nu mb er of rep res entativ es of th e S ch edul ed Trib es in th e Legislat iv e Ass e mb ly of the Stat e is l ess than th e nu mb er of s eats in the T r ib es Adviso ry Coun cil to b e fil l ed by su ch r e p r es entat iv es, th e r e ma ining s eats sha ll be f ill ed by oth er me mb ers o f tho s e t rib es . (2) It shal l b e th e duty of th e Trib es Adviso ry Coun cil to advis e on su ch ma t t e rs p e rtaining to th e w e lfare and adva ncemen t o f th e S chedul ed Trib es in th e Stat e as ma y b e ref erred to th em by the Gov e rno r .
(3) Th e Gov e rno r may ma ke r ul es p r es c rib ing o r r egu lating , as th e ca s e ma y b e , — (a) th e nu mb er of me mb ers of th e Coun cil , the mo d e of th ei r appoint men t and th e appoint ment of th e Cha ir ma n of th e Coun cil and of th e offi cers and s e rvants th ereof; (b) th e condu ct of its meet ings and its p ro c edu re in g en e ral; and ( c) all oth e r in cid enta l ma tt ers. 5 . L a w ap p l i c abl e t o S ch ed u l ed A r e as .—(1) Notw ithstanding anything in thi s Constitu tion , th e Gov e rno r may by publi c notif i cation di rect that any pa rti cu la r Act of Pa rlia me n t or of th e Leg islatu re of th e State shall not apply to a S ch edul ed Area o r any part th ereof in the Stat e o r shall apply to a S ch edul ed Area o r any pa rt thereof in th e Stat e subj ect to su ch ex ceptions and mod ifi cations as h e may sp ecify in th e notif i cation and any di rection giv en und er this sub-pa rag raph ma y b e giv en so as to hav e r et rosp e ctiv e eff e ct . (2) Th e Gov e rno r may ma ke regulat ions fo r the p ea c e and good gov ern ment of any a r ea in a Stat e w hi ch is fo r th e ti me be ing a S ch edul ed A rea . In pa rti cula r and w ithout p r ejudi ce to th e g en e rali ty of th e fo regoing pow e r, su ch regulat ions ma y— (a) p rohibi t o r r e st ri c t th e t ransf e r of land by o r a mo ng me mb e r s o f th e S ch edul ed T r ib es in su ch a r ea; (b) regulat e th e allot men t of land to me mb ers of th e S ch edul ed Trib es in su ch a r ea; ( c) regulat e th e ca rrying on o f busin ess a s mo n ey-l end er by persons w ho l end mon ey to me mb e r s of th e S ch edul ed T r ib es in su ch a r ea . (3) In ma ki ng any su ch regulation as is ref erred to in sub-parag raph (2) of thi s pa rag raph , th e Gov e rno r ma y r ep ea l o r a me n d any A ct of Pa rlia me n t or of th e Legislatu re of th e S tat e o r any exi sting law w hich i s for th e ti me b e ing appli cab l e to th e a r ea in qu estion . (4) All r egulat ions ma d e und er this pa rag raph shall b e sub mitt ed fo rthw ith to th e Presid ent and , un til assent ed to by hi m, shall hav e no eff e ct . (5) No regu lation shall b e mad e und er this pa rag raph unl ess th e Gov e rno r ma ki ng th e regulat ion ha s, in th e ca s e w here th ere is a Trib es Adviso ry C oun cil fo r th e Stat e , con sult ed su ch Coun c il .
PART C SCHEDULED AREAS 6 . Sch edu l ed Areas .—(1 ) In th is Constitut ion, th e exp r ession “S ch edul ed 1
Areas” me ans su ch a r eas as the Presid ent may by ord e r d e cla r e to b e S ch edul ed A r eas . 2
(2) Th e Presid ent ma y at any ti me b y o rd e r — (a) di rect that th e w hole o r any sp ecifi ed pa rt of a S ch edu l ed Area shal l ceas e to be a S ch edu l ed Area o r a pa rt of su ch an a rea; (aa) in creas e the a r ea o f any Sch edul ed Area in a Stat e aft e r consul tation w ith th e Gov e rnor of that Stat e; (b) alt er, but only by w ay of rectif i cation of bounda ri es , any S ch edul ed Area; ( c) on any a lt e ration of th e bounda ri es of a Stat e o r on th e ad mi ssion into th e Union o r th e establishmen t o f a n ew Stat e, d e cla re any t errito ry not p r eviously in clud ed in any Stat e to b e, o r to fo rm pa rt of, a S ch edul ed Area;
(d) res cind , in relat ion to any Stat e o r Stat es , any ord e r o r ord e rs ma d e und er this pa rag raph , and in consultation w ith th e Gov e rno r of th e Stat e con c e rn ed , ma ke f r esh or d e rs r ed efining th e a r eas w hic h a r e to b e S ch edul ed A r eas; and any su ch ord er may contain su ch in cid ental and cons equentia l p rovis ions a s app ea r to th e Presid ent to b e n ecessa ry and p rop er, bu t save as afo r esaid , th e ord er mad e under sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph shall not b e va ri ed by any subs equ ent o rd er.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
1. See the Scheduled Areas (Part A States) Order, 1950 (C.O. 9), the Scheduled Areas (Part B States) Order, 1950 (C.O.26), the Scheduled Areas (Himachal Pradesh) Order, 1975 (C.O. 102) and the Scheduled Areas (States of Bihar, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa) Order, 1977 (C.O. 109)
2. PART See theDMadras Scheduled Areas (Cessor) Order, 1950 (C.O. 30) and the Andhra Scheduled Areas (Cessor) Order, 1955 (C.O. 50). AMENDMENT OF THE SCHEDULE 7 . A me n d me n t o f t h e S ch ed u l e .— (1) Pa r lia me nt ma y f ro m t ime to t i me by law a mend by w ay of add ition, va riation o r re p eal any of the p rovisions of thi s S ch edu le and , w hen th e Sc h edul e is so ame n d ed, any r ef e r en c e to this S ch edul e in this Constitut ion shal l b e const ru ed as a r ef e r en c e to su ch S ch edul e as so a me n d ed. (2) No su ch law as is me nt ion ed in sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph shal l b e d eeme d to b e an a me nd men t of this Constitu tion for th e pu rpos es of a rt i c l e 3 6 8 .
SIXTH SCHEDULE [ Arti c l es 244(2) and 275 (1) ] Provision s as to th e Ad mi ni stration of Tribal Areas in th e Stat es of Assa m, M eg h a la y a , T ri p u ra a n d M i z o ra m 1 1 . Au tono mou s distr i cts and autono mous r egions .— (1) Sub j e ct to th e p rovis ions o f this pa rag raph , th e t ribal a r eas in ea ch it em of Pa rts I, I I and II A and in Pa rt III of th e tabl e app end ed to pa rag raph 20 o f thi s S ch edu le shal l b e an autono mo us dist rict . (2) If th ere a r e diff erent S ch edul ed Trib es in an autono mous dist ri ct, th e Gov e rno r ma y , by publi c notif ication , divid e th e a r ea o r a r eas inhabi ted by th em i nto autono mo us reg ions. (3) Th e Gov e rno r may , by publi c not ifi cation ,— (a) in clud e any a r ea in any o f th e Pa rts of th e said tabl e, (b) ex clud e any a r ea f ro m any of th e Pa rts of th e said tabl e, ( c) creat e a new autono mous dis tri ct , (d) in c r eas e th e a r ea o f any autono mo us dist ri ct , ( e) di mi nish the a r ea o f any autono mo us distri ct , (f) uni te tw o o r mo re autono mous dist ri cts o r pa rts th ereof so as to fo rm on e autono mo us dist ri ct , (ff) al t e r th e name of any autono mo us dist ri ct, (g) d efin e th e bounda ri es of any autono mo us dist ri ct: Provid ed that no o rd e r shall be ma d e by th e Gov e rno r und er claus es ( c) , (d ) , ( e) and (f) of this sub-pa rag raph ex cept aft er consid eration of th e report of a Co mmi s sion appoint ed und er sub-pa rag raph (1) of pa rag raph 14 o f t his S ch edul e: Provid ed fu rther that any o rder ma d e by th e Gov e rno r und er this subpa rag raph may contain su ch in cid enta l and cons equ ent ial p rovis ions (in c luding any a men d ment of pa rag raph 20 and of any it em in any of th e Pa rts of th e said tabl e) as appea r to th e Gov erno r to b e n ecessa ry fo r giving eff e ct to th e p rovis ions o f t he o rd er. 2 2 . Constitu tion of Distri ct Coun cil s and Region al Coun cil s.— (1 ) Th e r e shal l b e a
1. Paragraph 1 has been amended in its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2003 (44 of 2003),s. 2 , so as to insert the following proviso after sub-paragraph (2), namely: “Provided that nothing in this sub-paragraph shall apply to the Bodoland Territorial Areas District.”\ *2. Paragraph 2 has been amended in its application to the State of Assam by s. 2,ibid., so as to insert the following proviso after sub-paragraph (1), namely: — “Provided that the Bodoland Territorial Council shall consist of not more than forty-six members of whom forty shall be elected on the basis of adult suffrage, of whom thirty shall be reserved for the Scheduled Tribes, five for non-tribal communities, five open for all communities and the remaining six shall be nominated by the Governor having same rights and privileges as other members, including voting rights, from amongst the un-represented communities of the Bodoland Territorial Areas District, of which at least two shall be women.” *Paragraph 2 has been amended in its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1995 (42 of 1995), s.2 so as to insert the following proviso after sub-paragraph (3), D i s t ri c t Cou n c i l f o r ea ch a u t o n o mo u s d i s tr i ct con s i st i n g o f n o t namely,mo re “Provided than ththat i rty me mbCouncil ers , of w ho mfornot mo re than r pshall ersons shal l bNorth e the District constituted the North Cachar Hillsfou District be called as the Hills the District Council constituted forect theed Karbi District of shalladult be no miCachar nat ed byAutonomous th e GovCouncil e rno randand th e rest shall b e el onAnglong th e basis callede as s u f f rag . the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council.” *Paragraph 2 has been amended in its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2003 (44 of 2003)s. 2 , so as to insert the following proviso after the proviso in sub-paragraph (3), namely: — “Provided further that the District Council constituted for the Bodoland Territorial Areas District shall be
(2) Th ere shall b e a s epa rat e Re gional Coun cil fo r ea ch a r ea const itut ed an autono mo us region und er sub-pa rag raph (2) of pa rag raph 1 of this S ch edule. (3) Ea ch D ist ric t Coun cil and e a ch R eg ional C oun cil shal l be a bo dy c o rpo rat e by the na me r e sp e ct iv ely of “th e D ist ri ct Coun cil of (n a m e o f dis tri ct) ” a n d “ t h e R eg i o n a l Cou n cil o f (n a m e o f r eg i o n)” , shall hav e p e rp etual su ccess ion and a commo n s eal and shal l by th e said na me su e and b e su ed . (4) Subj ect to th e p rovisions of this S ch edul e, th e ad min ist ration of an autono mo us dist ri ct sha ll , in so fa r as it is not v est ed und er thi s S ch edu le in any R egional Coun cil w ithin su ch dist ri c t, b e v est ed in th e Dist r i ct Coun c il fo r su ch dist ri ct and th e ad minis tra tion of an autono mo us region shal l b e v est ed in th e Re gional Coun cil fo r su ch reg ion . (5) In an autono mo us dist ri ct w ith Regional Coun cils , th e Dist ri ct Coun cil shal l hav e only su ch pow e rs w ith resp ect to the a r eas und er th e autho rity of th e Regional Coun cil as ma y be d el egat ed to it by th e Regional Coun cil in addit ion to th e pow e rs conf erre d on it by t his S ch edul e w ith resp e ct to su ch a r eas . (6) Th e Gov e rno r shall ma ke rul es fo r th e fi rst constitu tion of Dist ri ct Coun cils and Regional Coun cils in consulta tion w ith th e ex isting t riba l Coun cils o r other rep res entativ e t ribal o rganisat ions w ithin th e autono mo us dis tri cts o r regions con cern ed , and su ch ru l es shall p rovid e fo r— (a) th e co mpo sition of th e Distri ct Coun cils and Regional Coun cil s and th e allo cat ion of s eats th erein; (b) th e d eli mi tation of t errito rial const itu en cies fo r th e pu rpos e of el ect ions to thos e Coun cils; ( c) th e qualif i cation s fo r voting at su ch el ections and th e p r epa ration of el e cto ral rolls th e r efo r; (d) th e qualif i cation s fo r b eing el ect ed at su ch el ections as me mb ers of su ch Coun cils; ( e) th e t erm of offi ce of me mb ers of Reg ional Coun cils; (f) any oth e r matt er relating to o r conn ect ed w ith el ection s or no mi nations to su ch Coun cils; (g) th e p ro c edure and th e condu ct of busin ess (in c luding th e pow e r to a ct notw ithstanding any va cancy) in th e Dist ri ct and Regional Coun cils; (h) th e appointmen t o f of fi cers and staff of th e Dist ri ct and Regional Coun cils . (6 A) Th e el ect ed me mb ers of th e Dist ri ct Coun cil sha ll hold offi ce fo r a t erm o f f iv e y ea rs f ro m th e dat e appoint ed for th e fi rst meet ing of th e C oun cil aft e r th e g en e ral el e ction s to th e Coun cil , unl ess the D ist ri ct Counc il is soon er dis solv ed und er parag raph 16 a nd a no mi nat ed me mb er s hall hold offi ce at th e pleasu re of th e Gov e rno r: Provid ed that th e said p e riod of fiv e y ea rs may , w hil e a Procla ma tion of Emerg en cy i s in op eration o r if ci rcu ms tan ces exist w hich , in th e opinion of th e Gov e rno r, rend er th e holding of el ection s i mp r a cti cabl e, b e ex t end ed by th e Gov e rno r fo r a p eriod no t ex ceeding on e y ea r at a t i me and in any cas e w here a Pro clama t ion of Emer g en cy is in op er ation not ext ending b eyond a p e riod of six months aft er th e Pro cla ma tion has ceas ed to operat e: Provid ed fu rther that a me mb er el ect ed to fill a ca sual va ca n cy shall hold offi ce only fo r th e rema ind er of th e t erm of offi ce of th e me mb er w ho m h e repla ces . (7) Th e D ist ri ct o r th e R egional Coun cil ma y aft e r its f i rst const itution ma ke rul es w ith th e app roval of th e Gov e rnor w ith rega rd to th e matt ers sp ecif i ed in sub-pa rag raph (6) of this pa rag raph and may also ma ke rul es w it h l i ke a p p ro v a l r eg u l a t in g —
(a) th e for mation of subordin at e lo cal Coun cils or Bo ards and th ei r pro c edur e and th e condu ct of their busin ess; and (b) g en er all y all matt er s r e l ating to th e tr ans action of busin ess p ert ain ing to th e ad minist ration of th e dis tri ct or r eg ion, as th e cas e ma y be: Provid ed that unti l ru l es a re mad e by th e Di stri ct o r th e Reg ional Coun cil und er this sub-pa rag raph th e rul es ma d e by th e Gov e rno r und er subpa ra g raph (6) of this pa ra g raph shall hav e eff e ct in resp ect of el ections to , th e offi cers and staff of , and th e p ro c edu r e and th e condu ct of busin es s in, e a ch su ch Counc il . * * * * * 1
3 . Powers o f the Distri ct Coun cil s and Region al Coun cils to ma k e l a ws.—(1) Th e Reg ional Coun cil fo r an autono mo us region in resp ect of all a r eas w ithin su ch region and ______________________________________________________________ ___ *1. Paragraph 3 has been amended in its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2003 (44 of 2003), s. 2 , so as to substitute sub-paragraph (3) as under, “(3) Save as otherwise provided in sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 3A or sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 3B , all laws made under this paragraph or sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 3A or subparagraph (1) of paragraph 3B shall be submitted forthwith to the Governor and, until assented to by him, shall have no effect.” After paragraph 3, the following paragraph has been inserted in its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1995 (42 of 1995), s.2 , namely:— “3A. Additional powers of the North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council and the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council to make laws.—(1) Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 3, the North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council and the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council within their respective districts, shall have power to make laws with respect to— (a) industries, subject to the provisions of entries 7 and 52 of List I of the Seventh Schedule; (b) communications, that is to say, roads, bridges, ferries and other means of c o m m u n i c a t i o n n o t s p e c i f i e d i n L i s t I o f t h e S e v e n t h S c h e d u l e ; m u n i c i p a l t r a m w a ys , r o p e w a ys , i n l a n d w a t e r w a ys a n d t r a f f i c t h e r e o n s u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f L i s t I a n d L i s t I I I o f t h e S e v e n t h S c h e d u l e w i t h r e g a r d t o s u c h w a t e r w a ys ; v e h i c l e s o t h e r t h a n mechanically propelled vehicles; (c) preservation, protection and improvement of stock and prevention of animal diseases; veterinary training and practice; cattle pounds; (d) primary and secondary education; (e) agriculture, including agricultural education and research, protection against pests and prevention of plant diseases; (f) fisheries; ( g ) w a t e r , t h a t i s t o s a y, w a t e r s u p p l i e s , i r r i g a t i o n a n d c a n a l s , d r a i n a g e a n d embankments, water storage and water power subject to the provisions of entry 56 of List I of the Seventh Schedule; ( h ) s o c i a l s e c u r i t y a n d s o c i a l i n s u r a n c e ; e m p l o y m e n t a n d u n e m p l o ym e n t ; (i) flood control schemes for protection of villages, paddy fields, markets, towns, etc. (not of technical nature); (j) theatre and dramatic performances, cinemas subject to the provisions of entry 60 of List I of the Seventh Schedule; sports entertainments and amusements; (k) public health and sanitation, hospitals and dispensaries; (l) minor irrigation; (m) trade and commerce in, and the production supply and distribution of, food stuffs, cattle fodder, raw cotton and raw jute; (n) libraries, museums and other similar Institutions controlled or financed by the State; ancient and historical monuments and records other than those
declared by or under any law made by Parliament to be of national importance; and (o) alienation of land. (2) All laws made by the North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council and the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council under paragraph 3 or under this paragraph shall, in so far as they relate to matters specified in List III of the Seventh Schedule, be submitted forthwith to the Governor who shall reserve the same for the consideration of the President. (3) When a law is reserved for the consideration of the President, the President shall declare either that he assents to the said law or that he withholds assent therefrom: Provided that the President may direct the Governor to return the law to the North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council or the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council, as the case may be, together with a message requesting that the said Council will reconsider the law or any specified provisions thereof and, in particular, will, consider the desirability of introducing any such amendments as he may recommend in his message and, when the law is so returned, the said Council shall consider the law accordingly within a period of six months from the date of receipt of such message and, if the law is again passed by the said Council with or without amendment it shall be presented again to the President for his consideration.”. *After paragraph 3A, the following paragraph has been inserted in its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2003, (44 0f 2003), s. 2 , namely: — “3B. Additional powers of the Bodoland Territorial Council to make laws.—(1) Without prejudice to the provisions of paragraph 3, the Bodoland Territorial Council within its areas shall have power to make laws with respect to :- (i) Agriculture, including agricultural education and research, protection against pests and prevention of plant diseases; (ii) Animal husbandry and veterinary, that is to say, preservation, protection and improvement of stock and prevention of animal diseases, veterinary training and practice, cattle pounds; (iii) Co-operation; (iv) Cultural affairs; (v) Education, that is to say, primary education, higher secondary including vocational training, adult education, college education (general); (vi) Fisheries; (vii) Flood control for protection of village, paddy fields, markets and towns (not of technical nature); (viii) Food and civil supply; (ix) Forests (other than reserved forests); (x) Handloom and textile; (xi) Health and family welfare, (xii) Intoxicating liquors, opium and derivatives, subject to the provisions of entry 84 of List I of the Seventh Schedule; (xiii) Irrigation; (xiv) Labour and employment; (xv) Land and Revenue; (xvi) Library services (financed and controlled by the State Government); (xvii) Lotteries (subject to the provisions of entry 40 of List I of the Seventh Schedule), theatres, dramatic performances and cinemas (subject to the provisions of entry 60 of List I of the Seventh Schedule); (xviii) Markets and fairs; (xix) Municipal corporation, improvement trust, district boards and other local authorities; (xx) Museum and archaeology institutions controlled or financed by the State, ancient and historical monuments and records other than those declared by or under any law made by Parliament to be of national importance; (xxi) Panchayat and rural development; (xxii) Planning and development; (xxiii) Printing and stationery; (xxiv) Pubic health engineering; (xxv) Public works department; (xxvi) Publicity and public relations; (xxvii) Registration of births and deaths; (xxviii) Relief and rehabilitation; (xxix) Sericulture; (xxx) Small, cottage and rural industry subject to the provisions of entries 7 and 52 of List I of the Seventh Schedule; (xxxi) Social Welfare; (xxxii) Soil conservation; (xxxiii) Sports and youth welfare; (xxxiv) Statistics; (xxxv) Tourism; (xxxvi) Transport (roads, bridges, ferries and other means of communications not specified in List I of the Seventh Schedule, municipal tramways, ropeways, inland waterways and traffic thereon subject to the provision of List I and List III of the Seventh Schedule with regard to such waterways, vehicles other than mechanically propelled vehicles); (xxxvii) Tribal research institute controlled and financed by the State Government; (xxxviii) Urban development—town and country planning; (xxxix) Weights and measures subject to the provisions of entry 50 of List I of the Seventh Schedule; and (xl) Welfare of plain tribes and backward classes: Provided that nothing in such laws shall-(a) extinguish or modify the existing rights and privileges of any citizen in respect of his land at the date of commencement of this Act; and (b) disallow and citizen from acquiring land either by way of inheritance, allotment, settlement or by any other way of transfer if such citizen is otherwise eligible for such acquisition of land within the Bodoland Territorial Areas District. (2) All laws made under paragraph 3 or under this paragraph shall in so far as they relate to matters specified in List III of the Seventh Schedule, be submitted forthwith to the Governor who shall reserve the same for the consideration of the President. (3) When a law is reserved for the consideration of the President, the President shall declare either that he assents to the said law or that he withholds assent therefrom: Provided that the President may direct the Governor to return the law to the Bodoland Territorial Council, together with the message requesting that the said Council will reconsider the law or any specified provisions thereof and, in particular, will consider the desirability of introducing any such amendments as he
may recommend in his message and, when the law is so returned, the said Council shall consider the law accordingly within a period of six month from the date of receipt of such message and, if the law is again passéd by the said Council with or without amendments it shall be presented again to the President for his consideration.”
th e Dist ri ct Coun cil fo r an autono mo us dist ric t in r esp e ct of all a r eas w ithin th e dis tri ct ex cept thos e w hi ch are under th e autho rity of Reg ional Coun cils , if any , w ithin th e dist ri ct sha ll have pow er to ma ke law s w ith r e s p e ct t o — (a) th e allot ment , o c cup ation or us e, o r th e s e tting ap art , of l and , o th er th an an y l and whi ch is a r es erv ed for est for th e purpos es of agricultu r e or gr azing or for resid en ti al or other non- agri cul tur al purpos es or for an y oth e r purpos e lik el y to pro mot e th e int er es ts of th e inh abit an ts of an y vill ag e or to wn: Provid ed th at nothing in su ch laws sh all pr ev ent th e co mpulsor y acquis ition o f an y l and , wh eth er o c cupi ed or uno ccupi ed , for publi c purpos es b y th e Gov e rn me nt of th e St at e con c ern ed in accord an ce with th e l a w for th e ti me b eing in for ce authori sing su ch acquisi tion; (b) th e ma n ag eme n t of an y fo re st not b eing a re s erv ed for es t; ( c) th e us e of an y can al or water- cours e for the purpos e of agri cul tur e; (d) th e r egul at ion of th e pr acti ce of jhu m or oth er for ms of shift ing cult iv ation; ( e) th e est abl ishmen t of vill ag e or to wn co mmit tees or coun cils and th eir p o w er s ; (f) an y oth er matt er r e l ating to vil l ag e o r to wn ad minis tr ation , in clud ing vil l ag e o r to wn poli c e and public h e alth and s anit a tion; (g) th e appointme n t or su ccession of Chi efs or Head me n; (h) th e inh eri t ance of prop ert y; (i) ma rri ag e and divor ce; (j) so c i al customs . (2) In this pa rag raph , a “ r es e rv ed fo r est” me ans any a r ea w hi ch is a res erv ed fo rest und er th e Assam Fo rest Regulation , 1891 , o r und er any oth er law fo r th e ti me b eing in fo rce in th e a r ea in qu est ion. (3) All law s mad e und e r this pa rag raph shall b e sub mi tt ed for thw ith to th e Gov e rno r and , unti l as s ent ed to by hi m, shall hav e no eff e ct . 1 4 . Ad min istr at ion of justi ce in autono mous distri cts and autonomo us r egions .—(1) Th e Reg ional Coun cil fo r an autono mo us reg ion in resp ect of a r eas w ithin such region and th e Dist ri ct Coun cil fo r an autono mo us dist ri ct in resp ect of a reas w ithin th e dis tri ct oth e r than thos e w hich a r e un der th e autho rity of the Reg ional Coun cil s, if any , w ithin th e dis tri ct may const itute v i l l a g e cou n c i l s o r cou r t s f o r t h e t ri a l o f s u i t s a n d cas es b etw e e n th e pa rti es al l of w ho m b elong to S ch edul ed Tr ib es w ithin such a r eas , oth e r than suit s and cas es to w hi ch th e p rovision s of sub-pa rag raph (1) of pa rag raph 5 o f thi s S ch edu le apply , to
____________________________________________ 1. Paragraph 4 has been amended in its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2003 (44 of 2003), s. 2 , so as to insert the following sub-paragraph after sub-paragraph (5), namely: — “(6) Nothing in this paragraph shall apply to the Bodoland Territorial Council constituted under the proviso to sub-paragraph (3) of paragraph 2 of this Schedule.”
th e ex clusion of any cou rt in th e Stat e, an d may appoint suitabl e p e rsons to b e me mb ers of su ch villag e coun cil s o r p r esid ing offi cers of su ch
cou rts , and may also appoint su ch offi cers as ma y b e n ecessary fo r th e ad mi nist rat ion of th e law s mad e und er paragraph 3 of t his Sch edul e. (2) Notw ithstanding anything in this Constitution , th e Reg ional Coun cil fo r an autono mo us region o r any cou rt constitu t ed in that b ehalf by th e Regional Coun cil o r , if in resp ect of any a r ea w ithin an autono mo us dis tri ct th ere is no Regional Council , th e Dist ri ct Coun cil fo r such dist ri ct, o r any cou rt consti tut ed in that b ehalf by th e Dist ri ct Coun cil , shal l ex ercis e th e pow e rs of a cou rt of app eal in resp ect of all suit s and cas es t riab l e by a villag e coun cil o r cou rt constitut ed und er sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph w ithin su ch region o r a r ea, as th e cas e may b e, oth er than thos e to w hich th e p rovision s of sub-pa rag raph (1) of pa ragraph 5 of t his Sch edul e apply , and no oth e r cou rt ex cept the High Cou rt and th e Sup reme Cou rt shall hav e ju risdi c tion ov e r su ch suits o r cas es . (3) Th e High Cou rt shall hav e and ex ercis e such ju risdi c tion ov er th e suits and ca s es to w hi ch th e p rovisions of sub-pa ragraph (2) of this pa ra g raph apply as th e Gov e rno r may f rom t i me t o ti me by o rd e r sp e cify . (4) A R egiona l C oun cil o r D istr i ct Coun cil , as th e cas e ma y be , ma y w ith t h e p r evi o u s a p p ro v a l o f t h e Gov e rno r ma ke r u l es r eg u l a t in g — (a) th e const itution of vil lag e coun cil s and courts and th e po wers to b e ex er cis ed b y th em und er this p aragr aph; (b) th e pro c edure to b e follo wed b y v ill ag e council s or cour ts in th e tri al of suit s and cases und er sub-p ar agr aph (1) of this p ar agr aph ; ( c) th e pro c edure to b e follo wed b y th e Reg ional or Distri ct Coun cil or an y court const itut ed b y su ch Council in app e als and oth er pro ceedings und er subp ar agr ap h (2) of this p ar agr aph; (d) th e enfor c emen t of d ecisions and ord ers of su ch coun cils and courts; ( e) all oth er an cil l ar y mat t ers for th e carr ying out of th e provis ions of subp ar agr aphs (1) and (2) of this p ar agr aph . (5) On an d f rom s u c h dat e as th e P r esid ent ma y , aft e r consult ing th e Gov e rn me nt of th e Stat e con c er n ed , by not ifi cation appoin t in this b ehalf , thi s pa rag raph shal l hav e eff e ct in relation to su ch autono mo us dist ri ct o r region as may b e sp ecifi ed in th e notif i cation, a s if— (i) in sub-p a r agr aph (1) , for th e w ords “ be tw e en th e p arti es al l of who m b elong to S ch edul ed Trib es within su ch ar eas , oth er th an suit s and cas es to whi ch th e provision s of sub-p aragr aph (1) of p ar agr aph 5 of this S ch edul e appl y,”, th e words “not b eing suit s and cas es of th e n atur e r ef erred to in subp ar agr aph (1) of p ar agr aph (5) of this S ch edul e, whi ch th e Gov e rnor ma y sp ecif y in th is beh alf ,” h ad been substi tut ed; (i i) sub-p ar agr aphs (2) and (3) h ad b e en o mi tt ed; (i ii) in sub-p ar agr aph (4 ) — (a) for th e words “ A Region al Coun cil or Dist rict Coun cil , as th e cas e ma y b e , ma y wi th th e pr evious approv al of th e Gov ernor ma k e rul es r egul ating ”, th e words “th e Governor ma y ma k e rul es r egul at ing ” h ad b e en substi tut ed; and (b) for cl aus e (a) , th e follo wing cl aus e h ad b e en subs titut ed , n a me l y: — “ (a) th e const itution of vil lag e coun cils and courts , th e powers to b e ex er cis ed b y th em und er this p ar agr aph and th e courts to which app e als fro m the d e cisions of vil l ag e coun cils and courts sh al l li e; ”; ( c) for cl aus e ( c) , th e follo wing cl aus e h ad b e en subs titut ed , n a me l y: — “ ( c) th e tr ansf er of app e als and o th er pro c ee dings p ending b efor e th e Region al or Distr i ct Coun cil or an y cour t const itut ed b y su ch
Coun cil i mme d iat el y b efor e th e d at e appoint ed b y th e Pr esid ent und er sub-p ar agr aph (5); ” ; and (d) in cl aus e ( e), for th e words , br ack ets and figur es “sub-p ar agr aphs (1) and (2) ” , th e w ord, br a ck et s a nd figur e “ sub-p ar agr aph (1) ” h ad b e en subs titut ed . 5 . Conf er men t of po wers und er th e Cod e of Civ il Pro c edur e, 1908 , and th e 1 C o d e o f Cr i mi n a l P r o c ed u r e , 1 8 9 8 , on th e Region al and Distri ct Coun cils and on cert a in cour ts and offi cers for th e tri a l of cert ain suits , cas es and off en c es.—(1 ) T h e Gov e rno r ma y , fo r th e t rial of suits o r cas es a ris ing out of any law in fo rce in any autono mo us dist ri ct o r region b eing a law sp ecifi ed in that b ehalf by th e Gov e rno r , o r fo r th e t rial of offen c es punishabl e w ith d eath , t ranspo rtat ion fo r lif e, o r i mprison me n t fo r a t erm of not l ess than fiv e y ea rs und er th e Indian Penal Cod e or und er any oth e r law fo r th e ti me b e ing appli cab l e to su ch dist ri ct o r region , conf er on th e Dist ri ct Coun cil o r th e Regional Council having autho rity ov er su ch dist ri ct o r region o r on cou rts consti tut ed by su ch Dist ri ct Coun cil o r on any offi cer appoint ed in that b ehalf by th e Gov e rno r , su ch pow e rs und er t he Co de of Civi l Pro c edu re, 1 1 9 0 8 , o r , a s t h e c a s e may b e , t h e Cod e o f C ri mi n a l P ro c edu re , 1 8 9 8 , a s h e d eems ap pro priat e, and t hereupon th e said Coun cil , cou rt o r offi cer sha ll t ry th e suit s, cas es o r off en c es in ex e r cis e of th e pow e rs so con f e rr e d . (2) Th e Gov e rno r may w ithdraw or mo dify any of th e pow e rs conf erred on a Dist ri ct Council , Regional Coun cil , cou rt o r offi cer und er sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph . (3) Sav e as expressly p rovid ed in this pa rag raph , th e Cod e of Civil 1 P r o c edu r e , 1 9 0 8 , a n d t h e Cod e o f C r i mi n a l P ro c edu r e , 1 8 9 8 , shall not apply to th e t rial of any suits , cas es o r off en c es in an autono mo us dis tri ct o r in any autono mo us region to w hich th e p rovisions of this pa rag raph apply . (4) On an d f rom t h e dat e appoint ed by th e Presid ent und er sub-pa rag raph (5) of pa ra g raph 4 in relation to any autono mo us dist ri ct o r autono mo us region , nothing contain ed in this pa rag raph shall , in its appli cat ion to that dis tri ct o r region , b e d eemed to autho ris e th e Gov e rno r to conf er on th e Dist ri ct Coun cil o r Reg ional Coun cil o r on cou rts consti tuted by th e Di st rict Coun cil any of th e pow e rs ref erred to in sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph . 6 . Power s of th e Distri ct Coun cil to est abl ish pri mar y s chools , et c.— (1) Th e Dist ri ct Coun cil fo r an autonomo u s dist ri ct may establi sh, const ru ct , o r ma n ag e p r i ma ry s chools , disp ensa ri es , ma rket s , cattl e pounds, f e rri es , fis heri es , roads, road t rans port and w at erw ays in th e dist ri ct and may , w ith th e p r evious app roval of th e Gov e rno r , ma ke regulat ions fo r th e regulation and cont rol th ereof and , in parti cu la r, ma y pres crib e th e languag e and th e ma n n e r in w hich p ri ma r y edu cation shal l b e imp a r t ed in th e p ri ma r y s chools in th e dist ri ct. (2) Th e Gov e rno r may , w ith the c ons ent of any Dist ri ct Counc il , ent rust eith er condit ionally o r un condit ionally to that Coun cil o r to its offi cers fun ction s in relation to ag ri cultu re, ani ma l husband ry , co mmunity p roj ects , co-op e rativ e soci et i es, so cia l welfa re, villag e planni ng o r any oth er matt er to w hich th e ex ecutiv e pow er of th e Stat e ext ends . 7 . Di stri ct and Region al Funds .— (1) Th ere shall b e consti tut ed fo r ea ch autono mo us dist ri ct , a Dist ri ct Fund and fo r ea ch autono mo us region , a Regional Fund to w hich shall b e credit ed all mo n e ys receiv ed resp ectiv ely by th e Dist ri ct Coun cil fo r that dist ri ct and th e Regional Council fo r that region in th e cou rs e of th e ad min ist ration of su ch dist ri ct o r region , as th e ca s e ma y b e , in a c co rdance w ith th e p rovis ions o f t his Constitu tion . (2) Th e Gov e rno r may ma ke r ul es fo r th e manag e me n t o f the D ist ri ct Fund, o r , a s th e cas e ma y b e , th e Regional Fund and fo r th e p ro c edu re to b e fol low ed in resp ect of pay ment of mon ey into th e said Fund, th e w ithdraw al
of mo ney s t heref ro m, th e custody of mon eys th erein and any oth e r matt er conn ect ed w ith o r an cilla ry to th e ma tt ers afo r esaid . (3) Th e a c counts of th e D ist ri ct Coun cil o r , as th e cas e ma y be , th e Regional Council sha ll b e ke pt in su ch fo rm as th e Co mpt roll e r and AuditorGen e ral of India may , w ith th e app roval of the Presid ent , p res crib e. (4) Th e Co mp t roll er and Audito r- Gen e ral shall caus e th e a c counts of th e Dist ri ct and Regional Coun cil s to b e aud it ed in su ch mann er as h e may think , and th eCode repo rts of th e Co mpt rol(Act l e r 2and Audito r- Gen e ral re lat ing to su ch 1.fitSee now the of Criminal Procedure, 1973 of 1974). a c counts shal l b e sub mi tt ed to th e Gov e rno r w ho shall caus e th e m to b e laid b efo re th e Coun cil . 8 . Power s to as sess and coll ect land r ev enu e and to i mpos e t ax es. —( 1 ) Th e Regional Council fo r an autono mo us reg ion in resp ect of all lands w ithin su ch region and th e Dist ri ct Co un cil fo r an autonomo u s dist ri ct in resp ect of all lands w ithin the dist ri ct ex cept thos e w hich are in th e a r ea s und er th e autho rity of Regional Coun cil s, if any, w ithin th e dist ri ct, shall hav e th e pow e r to as s ess and coll ect revenu e in resp ect of su ch lands in a c co rdan ce w ith th e p rin cipl es fo r th e ti me b eing follow ed by th e Gov e rn me n t of t he Stat e in ass es sing lands fo r the pu rpos e of land rev enu e in th e Stat e g en e rally . (2) Th e Reg ional Coun cil fo r an autono mo us region in resp ec t of a r eas w ithin su ch r egion and th e D ist ri ct Coun cil for an a utono mous dist r i ct in resp e ct of all areas in th e distri ct ex cept those w hi ch a re und er th e autho rity of Regional Coun cil s, if any , w ithin th e dis tri ct , shall hav e pow e r to l evy and coll ect tax es on lands and buildings , and tolls on p ersons re sid ent w ithin such a r eas . (3) Th e Dist ri ct Coun cil fo r an autono mo us d ist ri ct sha ll have th e pow er to l evy and coll ect all o r any o f th e follow ing tax es w ithin su ch dist ri ct, that is to say — (a) t ax es on prof ess ions, t r ad es, calling s and emplo yments ; (b) t ax es on anima l s , v ehi cl es and bo ats; ( c) t ax es on th e entr y of goods into a ma rket for s al e th er ein , and toll s on p ass eng ers and goods carri ed in f erri es ; and (d) t ax es for th e ma i nt en an ce of s chools , disp ens ari es or ro ads . (4) A R egiona l C oun cil o r D istr i ct Coun cil , as th e cas e ma y be , ma y ma ke regulat ions to p rovid e fo r th e l evy and co ll ection of any of th e tax es sp ecified in sub-pa rag raphs (2) and (3) of this pa rag raph and ev ery su ch regulation shal l b e sub mi tt ed fo rthw ith to th e Gov e rno r and , unt il ass ent ed to by hi m, shal l hav e no eff e ct . 1
9 . Li cen c es or l e as es for th e purpos e of prospecting for , or extr action of, mi n er als .—(1) Su ch sha re of the royalti es a ccruing ea ch y ea r f ro m l i c en ces or l eas es fo r th e pu rpos e of p rospecting fo r, o r th e ext ra ction of , min e ra ls g rant ed by th e Gov e rn me nt of th e Stat e in resp ect of any a r ea w ithin an autono mo us dist ri ct as ma y b e ag reed upon betw een th e Gov ern me n t o f th e Stat e and th e Dist ri ct Coun cil of su ch dist ri ct shall b e mad e ov er to that D ist ri c t Coun cil . (2) If any disput e a ris es as to th e sha re of su ch royalti es to be ma d e ov er to a Dist ri ct Council , it shal l b e re f erred to th e Gov e rno r fo r det ermi nation and th e a mou nt d e ter mi n ed by th e Gov e rno r in his dis cret ion shall b e d eemed to b e th e a mount payabl e und er sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph to th e D ist ri c t Coun cil and th e d e cision of th e Gov e rno r shall b e final . 2
1 0 . Power of Dis tri ct Coun cil to mak e r egul ations for th e control of mon e yl ending and trading b y non -trib al s. —( 1 ) Th e Di s t ri ct Cou n c i l o f a n autono mo us d ist ri ct ma y ma ke regulations fo r th e regulation and cont rol
of mo ney -l ending o r t rading with in th e di st rict by p e rsons oth er than S ch edul ed Tribes resid ent in th e dist ri ct. (2) In pa rti cular and w ithout prejudi ce to th e g en e rali ty of the fo regoing pow e r, su ch regulat ions ma y—
(
a) prescribe that no one except the holder of a licence issued in that behalf shall carry on the business of money-lending; (b) p r es crib e the ma x i mu m ra te of int erest w hi ch ma y b e charg ed o r b e recov ered by a mo n e y-l end er; ( c) p rovid e fo r th e ma int enan ce of a c counts by mon ey- l end e rs and fo r th e insp ect ion of su ch a c counts by offi cers appoint ed in that b ehalf by th e D ist ri c t Coun cil; __________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Paragraph 9 has been amended in its application to the States of Tripura and Mizoram by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1988 (67 of 1988), s.2, so as to insert the following sub-paragraph after sub-paragraph (2), namely:“(3) The Governor may, by order, direct that the share of royalties to be made over to a District Council under this paragraph shall be made over to that Council within a period of one year from the date of any agreement under sub-paragraph (1) or, as the case may be, of any determination under sub-paragraph (2).”. *2. Paragraph 10 has been amended in its application to the States of Tripura and Mizoram by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1988 (67 of 1988), s.2, as under-
(d) prescribe that no person who is not a member of the Scheduled Tribes r e s i d e n(a) t i nin tthe h eheading, d i s t r i cthe t swords h a l l c“by a r rnon-tribals” y o n w h oshall l e s a be l e omitted; or retail business in any omitted; c o m (b) m o d iin t ysub-paragraph e x c e p t u n d (1), e r athel iwords c e n c e“other i s s u ethan d i nScheduled t h a t b eTribes” h a l f bshall y t hbe e D istrict Council (c) in sub-paragraph (2), for clause (d), the following clause shall be substituted, namely:: (d) prescribe that no person resident in the district shall carry on any trade, whether wholesale P r o v i d e d or t hretail, a t n oexcept r e g uunder l a t i oanlicence s ma yissued b e ma d e ubehalf n d e rbyt hi p a r a g rCouncil.”. a p h u nl e s s t h e y a r e in that thes District p a s*Paragraph s e d b y a ma j o rbeen i t y oamended f n o t l ein s sitst happlication a n t h r e e -tof othe u r State t h s ooff tAssam h e t oby t a lthe m eSixth m b eSchedule r s h i p oto f tthe he 10 has D i s t r i c Constitution t C o u n c i l :(Amendment) Act, 2003 (44 of 2003), s. 2 , so as to insert the following sub-paragraph after sub-paragraph (3), namely: P r o v i d e d f u r t h e r t h a t i t s h a l l n o t b e c o mp e t e nt u n d e r a n y s u c h r e g u l a t i o n s t o r e f u s e t h e g“(4) r a nNothing t o f a in l i cthis e n cparagraph e t o a moshall n e y -apply l e n d to e r the o r Bodoland a t r a d e rTerritorial w h o h a sCouncil b e e n constituted carrying o n b u s iunder n e s s the w i tproviso h i n t htoe sub-paragraph d i s t r i c t s i n c(3) e of b eparagraph f o r e t h e 2t of i mthis e oSchedule.” f t h e m a ki n g o f s u c h regulations. ( 3 ) Al l r e g u l a t i o n s ma d e u n d e r t h i s p a r a g r a p h sh a l l b e s u b mi t t e d f o r t h w i t h t o t h e G o v e r n o r a n d , u n t i l a s s e n t e d t o b y h i m, s h a l l h a v e n o e f f e c t . 1 1 . P u b l i c a t i o n of l a ws , r u l e s a n d r e g u l a t i o n s ma d e u n d e r t h e S c h e d u l e . — Al l l a w s , rules and regulations made under this Schedule by a District Council or a R e g i o n a l Co u n c i l s h a l l b e p u b l i sh e d f o r t h w i t h i n t h e O f f i c i a l G a z e t t e o f t h e S t a t e a n d s h a l l o n s u c h p u b l i c a t i o n h av e t h e f o r c e o f l a w . 1
1 2 . Ap p l i c a t i o n o f Ac t s o f P a r l i a me n t a n d o f t h e L e g i s l a t u r e o f t he S t a t e o f A s s a m t o a u t o n o mo u s d i s t r i c t s a n d a u t o n o mo u s r e g i o n s i n t h e S t a t e o f As s a m. — ( 1 ) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution — ( a ) n o Ac t o f t h e L e g i s l a tu r e o f t h e S t a t e o f As s a m i n r e s p e c t o f a n y o f t h e ma t t e r s s p e c i f i e d i n p a r a g r a p h 3 o f t h i s S c h e d u l e a s m a t t e r s w i t h r e s p e c t t o w h i c h a Di s t r i c t Co u n c i l o r a R e g i o n a l Co u n c i l ma y ma ke l a w s, a n d n o Ac t o f t h e L e g i s l a t u r e o f t h e S t a t e o f As s a m p r o h i bi t i n g o r r e s t r i c t i n g t h e c o n s u mp t i o n o f a n y n o n - d i s t i l l e d a l c o h o l i c l i q u o r s h a l l a p p l y t o a n y a u t o n o mo u s d i s t r i c t o r a u t o n o mo u s r e g i o n i n t h a t S t a t e u n l e s s i n e i t h e r c a s e t h e Di s t r i c t Co u n c i l f o r s u c h d i s t r i c t o r h a v i n g j u r i s d i c t i o n o v e r s u c h r e g i o n b y p u b l i c n o t i f i c a t i o n s o d i r e c t s , a n d t h e Di s t r i c t Cou n c i l i n g i v i n g s u c h d i r e c t i o n w i t h r e s p e c t t o a n y A c t ma y d i r e c t t h a t t h e Ac t s h a l l i n i t s a p p l i c a t i o n t o s u c h district or region or any part thereof have effect subject to such exceptions or mo d i f i c a t i o n s a s i t t h i n ks f i t ; ( b ) t h e G o v e r n o r ma y , b y p u b l i c n o t i f i c a t i o n , d i r e c t t h a t a n y Ac t o f P a r l i a me n t o r o f t h e L e g i s l a t u r e o f t h e S t a t e o f As s a m t o w h i c h t h e p r o v i s i o n s of clause (a) of this sub-paragraph do not apply shall not apply to an a u t o n o mo u s d i s t r i c t o r a n a u t o n o mo u s r e g i o n i n t h a t S t a t e , o r s h a l l a p p l y t o
such district or region or any part thereof subject to such exceptions or mo d i f i c a t i o n s a s h e ma y s p e c i f y i n t h e n o t i f i c a t i o n . ( 2 ) An y d i r e c t i o n g i v e n u n d e r s u b -p a r a g r a p h ( 1 ) o f t h i s p a r a g r a p h ma y be given so as to have retrospective effect. 1 2 A . Ap p l i c a t i o n o f A c t s o f P a r l i a me n t a n d o f t h e L e g i s l a t u r e o f t he S t a t e o f M e g h a l a ya t o a u t o n o mo u s d i s t r i c t s a n d a u t o n o mo u s r e g i o n s i n t h e S t a t e o f M e g h a l a ya . — N o t w i t h s t a n d i n g a n y t h i n g i n t h i s C o n s t i t u t i o n , — ( a ) i f a n y p r o v i s io n o f a l a w ma d e b y a Di s t r i c t o r R e g i o n a l C o u n c i l i n t h e S t a t e o f M e g h a l a ya wi t h r e s p e c t t o a n y ma t t e r s p e c i f i e d i n s u b - p a r a g r a p h ( 1 ) o f p a r a g r a p h 3 o f t h i s S c h e d u l e o r i f a n y p r o v i s i o n o f a n y r e g u l a t i o n ma d e b y a District Council or a Regional Council in that State under paragraph 8 or p a r a g r a p h 1 0 o f t h i s S c h e d u l e , i s r e p u g n a n t t o a n y p r o v i s i o n o f a l a w ma d e b y t h e L e g i s l a t u r e o f t he S t a t e o f M e g h a l a ya wi t h r e s p e c t t o t h a t ma t t e r , t h e n , t h e l a w o r r e g u l a t i o n ma d e b y t h e Di s t r i c t C o u n c i l o r , a s t h e c a s e ma y b e , t h e R e g i o n a l C o u n c i l wh e th er ma d e b efor e
_________________________________________________ 1. Paragraph 12 has been amended to its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1995 (42 of 1995), s.2, as under,‘in paragraph 12, in sub-paragraph (1), for the words and figure “matters specified in paragraph 3 of this Schedule”, the words, figures and letter “matters specified in paragraph 3 or paragraph 3A of o r aft er t h eshall l a wbema d e b y t h e L eg i s l atu r e o f t h e S t at e o f M eg h ala y a , s h all , t o this Schedule” substituted.’;
th e ext ent of r epugn an cy, b e void and th e l a w ma d e b y th e Legis l atur e of th e Paragraph 12 has beenala amended in its to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the St at e of M egh ya sh all pr application ev ail; Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2003 (44 of 2003), s. 2, as under, — (b) th e Pr esid ent may, with r espect Actwords, of P arli a ment b y “matters in paragraph 12, in sub-paragraph (1), in clause to (a),an fory the figures and ,letter noti fi cin ation , direct at i t sh all appl y to anthe autono ct or an specified paragraph 3 orthparagraph 3A not of this Schedule”, words,mous figuresdistri and letter “matters autonoinmous r egion th e St 3A at eorofparagraph Megh al3B aya, orSchedule” sh all appl tosubstituted su ch dist ri ct or specified paragraph 3 or in paragraph of this shally be
r egion or an y p art th er eo f sub j ec t to su ch ex c eption s or modif ica tion s as h e may s p ecif y in th e notif i cation and an y su ch d irection may b e giv en so as to h av e r etrosp e ct iv e eff e ct . 1 2 A A. Appli c at ion of Acts o f P arl i a ment and of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e of Tripur a to th e au tono mous dist ri ct s an d au tonomo u s r egions in th e St at e of Tripur a.—Notwith standing anything in thi s Const itution ,— (a) no Ac t o f the Legisl atur e of th e St at e of Tripur a in r esp ect of an y of th e matt ers sp ecif i ed in p ar agr aph 3 o f this S chedul e as matt ers with r esp ect t o whi ch a Di s t r i ct Co u n cil o r a R e g i o n al Co u n cil ma y ma k e l a ws , an d n o A ct of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e of Tripur a prohibit ing o r r e stri ct ing th e consu mption of an y non-dist ill ed al coholi c l iquor sh all appl y to th e autono mous distri ct or an autono mous r egion in th at St at e unl ess , in eith er cas e, th e Distri ct Coun cil for that dis tri ct or h aving jur isdi ction ov er su ch r egion b y publi c notif i c ation so dir ects, and th e Distr i ct Coun cil in giving su ch dir e ct ion with r esp ect to an y Act may direct th at th e Act sh al l, in it s appli cation to th at dis tri ct or su ch r egion or any p art th er eof , hav e eff e ct subj ect to su ch ex ception s or modif i cations as it think s f it; (b) th e Gov ernor ma y, b y publi c not ifi c ation, d ir e ct th at an y Act o f th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e of Tripur a to wh i ch th e provision s of claus e ( a) of this sub-p ar agr aph do not appl y, sh all not appl y to th e autono mous dis tri ct or an y autono mous r egion in th at St at e, o r shall appl y to th at di stri ct or su ch r egion , or an y p art th ereof , subj ect to su ch ex ceptions or modifi cat ions, as h e ma y sp ecif y in th e noti fi c ation; ( c) th e Pr esid ent may, with resp ect to an y Act of P arli a ment, b y noti fi c ation , direct th at i t sh all not appl y to th e autono mous distr i ct or an autono mous r egion in th e St at e of Tripur a, or sh all appl y to such distr i ct or r egion or an y p art th er eo f, subj ec t to su ch ex ception s or modif ica tion s as h e may s p ecif y in th e notif i cation and an y su ch d irection may b e giv en so as to h av e r etrosp e ct iv e eff e ct .
1 2 B . Appl i c ation of Acts o f P arli a me nt and of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e of Mi zor a m to au tono mous distr i cts and au tono mous r egions in th e St at e of M i zor a m.—Notw ithstanding anything in thi s Constitu tion , — (a) no Ac t o f the Legisl atur e of th e St at e of Mizor a m in r esp ect of an y of th e matt ers sp ecif i ed in p ar agr aph 3 o f this S chedul e as matt ers with r esp ect t o whi ch a Di s t r i ct Co u n cil o r a R e g i o n al Co u n cil ma y ma k e l a ws , an d n o A ct of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e of Mi zor a m proh ibit ing o r r e stri cting th e consu mption of an y non-dist ill ed al coholi c l iquor sh all appl y to an y autono mous distri ct or autono mous r egion in that St at e unl es s, in eith er cas e , th e Distr i ct Coun cil for su ch distr i ct or h av ing jurisd i ction ov er su ch r egion , b y publi c notif ication , so dir e cts , and th e Dis trict Coun cil , in giving su ch dir ection wi th resp ect to an y Act , may dir e ct th at th e Act sh all , in its appli cation to su ch distr i ct or region or an y p art th er eof , h av e eff e ct sub j ect to su ch ex ceptions or mod ifi cations as it think s f it; (b) th e Gov ernor ma y, b y publi c notif i c ation , d ir e ct th at an y Act of th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e of Mi zor a m to wh i ch th e provision s of cl aus e (a) of thi s sub -p ar agr aph do no t app l y, sh all not appl y to an autono mous dist ri ct or an au tono mous region in th at Stat e, or sh all appl y to su ch dist rict or r egion , or an y p art th er eof, subj ect to su ch ex ceptions or mo difi cat ions , as h e ma y sp ecif y in th e noti fi c ation; ( c) th e Pr esid ent may, with r espect to an y Act of P arli a ment , b y noti fi c ation , direct th at i t sh all not appl y to an autono mous distri ct or an autono mous r egion in th e St at e of Mi zor a m, or sh al l app l y to su ch distr i ct or r egion or an y p art th er eo f, subj ec t to su ch ex ception s or modif ica tion s as h e may s p ecif y in th e notif i cation and an y su ch d irection may b e giv en so as to h av e r etrosp e ct iv e eff e ct . 13 . Es ti ma t ed r eceipt s and exp enditu r e p er t aining to autono mous dist ri cts to be sho wn s ep ar at ely in th e annu al fin an c i al st at e me nt .— Th e est i mat ed receipts and exp enditu re p ertain ing to an autono mo us distri ct w hich a re to b e cred it ed to, o r is to b e ma de f ro m, th e Co nsol idat ed Fund of th e Stat e shall b e fi rs t pla c ed b efo r e th e Dist ri ct Coun cil fo r dis cu ssion and th en aft e r su ch dis cu ssion b e show n s epa rat ely in th e annual finan cia l s tat emen t o f th e Stat e to b e laid b efo re th e Leg islature of th e S tat e und er a rti cl e 202 . 1
1 4 . Appo int ment of Co mmi ssion to inquir e into and r eport on th e ad minis tr ation of autono mous distr i cts and autono mous r egions.—(1) Th e G ov e rno r ma y at any ti me appoint a Co mmi ssion to exa mi n e and r epo rt on any ma tt er sp ec if i ed by hi m r e lat ing to th e ad mi nist rat ion of th e autono mo us dis tri cts and autono mo us regions in th e Stat e, in cluding ma tt ers sp ecif i ed in c laus es ( c) , (d) , ( e) and (f) of sub-pa rag raph (3) of pa rag raph 1 of this S ch edul e, o r may appoint a Co mmi s sion to inqui re into and repo rt f ro m time to ti me o n th e ad mi nist rat ion of autono mo us dis tri cts and autono mo us regions in th e Stat e g en e rally and in pa rti cular on— (a) th e provis ion of edu c ation al and me di cal f a cil iti es and co mmu ni c ations in su ch dist ri cts and r egions; (b) th e n e ed for an y n ew or sp eci al l eg isl ation in r esp ect of su ch distr i cts and r egions; and ( c) th e ad ministr at ion of th e l aws , rul es and r egul at ions mad e b y th e D i s t r i ct an d R eg i o n al Co u n cil s; and d efin e th e p ro c edu r e to be follow ed by su ch Co mmi ss ion . (2) Th e repo rt of ev ery su ch Co mmi s sion w ith th e reco mme n dation s of th e Gov e rno r w ith resp e ct th ereto shall b e laid befo re th e Legislatu re of th e Stat e by th e Minis ter con cern ed tog eth er w ith an ex planato ry me mo ra ndu m rega rding th e action p ropos ed to b e ta ke n th ereon by th e Gov e rn me n t o f the State.
1. Paragraph 14 has been amended in its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the (Amendment) 1995 (42of of 1995) , s. 2, easrn under,(3)Constitution In allo cat ing th e Act, busin ess th e Gov ment of th e Stat e a mong hi s , in sub-paragraph the recommendations thecha rg e of M inist eIn rs paragraph th e Gov14 e rno r may pla c e(2),onthe e words o f h is“with M inist e rs sp e ciallyofin Governor with respect thereto” shall be omitted. th e w elfa re of th e autono mo us dis tri cts and autono mo us regions in th e Stat e. 1
1 5 . Annu l men t or susp ension of acts and r esolutions of Distr i ct and Region al Coun cils .— (1) If at any ti me th e Gov e rno r i s sati sfi ed that an a ct o r resolut ion o f a Dist ri ct o r a Regional Coun cil is l i kely to endang er th e saf ety of India o r is likel y to b e p r ejudi cia l to pub lic o rd e r, h e ma y annul o r susp end su ch act o r resolution and ta ke su ch st eps as h e may consid er n ecessa ry (in c luding th e susp ension of th e Coun cil and th e assu mp tion to hi ms elf of all or any o f th e pow e rs v est ed in o r ex ercisabl e by th e Coun cil) to p r ev ent th e commi s s ion o r continuan c e of suc h a ct , o r th e giving of eff e ct to su ch resolut ion. (2) Any order ma d e by th e Gov e rno r und er sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph tog eth er w ith th e re asons th erefo r shall b e laid befo re th e Legisla tu r e of th e Stat e as soon as possibl e and th e o rd e r s hall , unl ess revo ked by th e Legisla tu r e of th e Stat e, con tinu e in fo rce fo r a p e riod of tw elv e mon ths f ro m t h e dat e on w hich it w as so ma d e: Provid ed that if and so oft en as a resolution app roving th e continuan ce in fo rce of su ch ord er is pass ed by th e Leg islatu re of th e S tat e, th e o rd e r shall unl es s can c el l ed by th e Gov e rno r continu e in fo rce fo r a fu rth er p e riod of tw elv e mo n ths f ro m t h e dat e on w hich und er thi s pa ra g raph it w o uld oth e rw ise hav e ceas ed to op erat e. 2
1 6 . Dissolut ion of a Dis tri ct or a Region al Coun cil . —(1) Th e G ov e rno r ma y on th e reco mmendation of a Co mmi s sion appoint ed und er pa rag raph 14 o f thi s S ch edu le by publi c notif i cation o rd er th e disso lution of a Dist ri ct o r a R e g i o n a l Cou n c i l , a n d — (a) dir e c t tha t a fr esh g en er al ele c tion sh al l b e h eld i mme d i at ely for th e r e const itution of th e Coun cil , or (b) subj ect to the pr evious approv al of th e Legisl atur e o f the Stat e assu me th e ad minist r ation of th e ar ea und er th e authorit y of su ch Council hi ms el f or pl ace th e ad minis tr ation of su ch ar ea und er th e Co mmi ssion appoint ed und er th e s aid p ar agr aph or an y o th er bod y consid er ed suit ab l e b y hi m for a p e riod not ex ceeding twelv e mon ths: Provid ed that w hen an o rd e r und er claus e (a) of this pa rag raph has b e en ma d e , th e Gov erno r may ta ke th e a ction ref e rred to in claus e (b) of this pa rag raph w ith rega rd to th e ad mi nist rat ion of th e a r ea in question p endi ng th e reconstitu tion of th e Co uncil on f r esh g eneral el ection : Provid ed fu rther that no a c tion shall b e ta ke n und er claus e (b) of this pa rag raph w ithout giving th e Dist ri ct o r th e Regional Council , as th e cas e ma y b e , an oppo rtunity of placing its vi ew s befo re th e Legislatu re of th e State.
_______________________________________________ 1. Paragraph 15 has been amended in its application to the States of Tripura and Mizoram by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1988 (67 of 1988), s. 2, as under,(a) in the opening paragraph, for the words “by the Legislature of the State”, the words “by him” shall be substituted; (b) the proviso shall be omitted. 2. Paragraph 16 has been amended in its application to the States of Tripura and Mizoram by s. 2, ibid., as under,(a) in sub-paragraph (1), the words “subject to the previous approval of the Legislature of the State” occurring in clause (b), and the second proviso shall be omitted; (b) for sub-paragraph (3), the following sub-graph shall be substituted, namely:“(3) Every order made under sub-paragraph (1) or sub-paragraph (2) of this paragraph, along with the reasons therefor shall be laid before the Legislature of the State.”’.
(2) If at any time th e Gov e rno r is satis fi ed that a situatio n has a ris en in w hich th e ad minis tra tion of an autono mo us d ist ri ct o r region cannot b e ca rri ed on in acco rdan ce w ith th e p rovisions of this S ch edule, h e ma y , by publ ic not ifi cation , assu me t o hi ms elf al l o r any of th e fun ctions o r pow ers v est ed in o r ex er c isab l e by th e D ist ri c t Coun cil o r , a s th e cas e ma y b e , th e Regional Council and d e cla re that su ch fun ctions o r pow e rs shal l b e ex ercisab le by su ch p e rson o r autho rity as h e ma y sp eci fy in this b ehalf , for a p e riod not ex ceeding six mo nths: P rov id ed tha t th e Gov e rno r ma y by a fu rthe r o rd e r o r o rde r s ext end th e op eration of the init ial order by a p eriod no t ex ceeding six mo n ths on ea ch o c casion . (3) Ev ery o rd e r ma d e und er sub-pa rag raph (2) of this pa rag raph w ith th e reasons th erefor shall b e laid b efo re th e Legislat ure of th e Stat e and shall ceas e to op erate at th e exp i ration of thi rty days f ro m th e date on w hich th e Stat e Legisla ture fi rst si ts a fter th e issu e of th e o rd e r, unl ess , b efo re th e expi ry of that period it has b e en app rov ed by that Stat e Legislat ure. 1 1 7 . Exclusion of ar eas fro m autono mous distr i cts in for ming const itu en ci es in su ch dist ri cts .—Fo r th e pu rpo ses of el ections to th e Leg islative Ass e mb ly of A ssa m o r M eghalaya o r T ripu ra o r Miz o ra m, th e Gov e rno r ma y by o rd e r d e cla re that any a r ea w ithin an autono mo us dis tri ct in th e Stat e of Assa m o r M eg h a la y a o r T r i p u ra o r M i z o ra m, a s t h e cas e may b e , s h a l l n o t f o r m p a rt o f any constitu en cy to fill a s eat o r s eats in th e A ss e mb ly r es e rv ed fo r any s uch dis tri ct but shall fo rm p a rt of a constitu en cy to fil l a s eat o r s eats in th e Ass e mb ly not so res e rv ed to be sp ecifi ed in th e o rd e r.
2 1 9 . Tr ansition al provis ions .—(1) As soon a s poss ibl e a ft e r the co mmen ce me n t of this Constitution th e Gov erno r shall ta ke st eps fo r th e consti tution of a Dist ri ct Council fo r ea ch autono mo us dist rict in th e Stat e und er this S ch edul e and , until a Dist ri ct Council i s so const itut ed fo r an autono mo us dist ri ct , th e ad mi nis tra tion of such dist ri ct sha ll b e v est ed in th e Gov e rno r and th e follow ing p rovis ions shall apply to th e admi n ist rat ion o f th e a r eas w ithin su ch dist ri ct ins tea d of th e fo regoing p rovisions of thi s S ch edul e, na me ly: —
(a) no Act of Pa rlia me nt o r of th e Legis latu r e o f th e Stat e shall apply to any su ch a rea unl ess th e Gov e rno r by pu blic notifi ca tion so di rects; and th e Gov e rno r in giv ing su ch a di r e ction w ith r esp e ct to any A ct ma y di rect that th e Act shall , in its appli cat ion to th e a r ea o r to any sp ecifi ed pa rt th e r eof , hav e eff e ct subj ec t to su ch ex c eption s o r mo difi cat ions a s h e thin ks fi t;
____________________________________________ 1. Paragraph 17 has been amended in its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2003 (44 of 2003), s. 2 , so as to insert the following proviso, namely: — “Provided that nothing in this paragraph shall apply to the Bodoland Territorial Areas District.” 2. Paragraph 19 has been amended in its application to the State of Assam by s. 2 , ibid., so as to insert the following sub-paragraph after sub-paragraph (3), namely: — “(4) As soon as possible after the commencement of this Act, and Interim Executive Council for Bodoland Territorial Areas District in Assam shall be formed by the Governor from amongst leaders of the Bodo movement, including the signatories to the Memorandum of Settlement, and shall provide adequate representation to the non-tribal communities in that area: Provided that Interim Council shall be for a period of six months during which endeavour to hold the election to the Council shall be made. Explanation.---For the purposes of this sub-paragraph, the expression “Memorandum of Settlement” means the Memorandum signed on the 10th day of February, 2003 between Government of India, Government of Assam and Bodo Liberation Tigres.”
(b) th e Governor ma y ma k e r egul at ions for th e p eace and good gov ern ment o f an y s u ch a r e a a n d an y r eg u l a t i o n s s o ma d e ma y r ep e al o r a me n d an y A ct o f P arl i a ment or of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e or an y exist ing law whi ch is for th e ti me b eing appli c ab l e to su ch ar ea. (2) Any di r e ction giv en by th e Gov e rno r und er c laus e (a) of sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph may b e giv en so as to hav e ret rosp e ctive eff e ct . (3) All regulat ions ma d e und er claus e (b ) of sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph shall b e sub mi tt ed fo rthw ith to the Presid ent and, until ass ent ed to by hi m, shal l hav e no eff ect. 20 . Tr ib al ar e as.—(1) Th e a r eas sp ecif i ed in Pa rts I , II , IIA and III of th e tabl e b elow shall resp ect iv ely b e th e t ribal a reas w ithin th e Stat e of Assa m, t h e S t a t e o f M eg h a l a y a , t h e S t a t e o f T ri p u ra a n d t h e S t a t e o f M i z o ra m. (2) Any ref erence in Pa rt I, Part II o r Pa rt I II of th e tabl e below to any dis tri ct shall be const ru ed as a ref eren c e to th e t e rrito ri es co mp ris ed w ithin th e autono mo us dist ri ct o f that na me exi sting i mme d ia t ely befo re th e day appoint ed und er claus e (b) of section 2 of th e No rth- East ern Areas ( R eo rganisat ion) Act , 1971: P ro v i d ed t h a t f o r t h e p u rpo s es o f cla u s es (e) and (f) of sub-pa rag raph (1) of pa rag raph 3 , pa rag raph 4 , parag raph 5 , pa rag raph 6 , sub-pa rag raph (2) , claus es (a) , ( b) and (d) of sub-pa rag raph (3) and sub-pa rag raph (4) of pa rag raph 8 and claus e (d) of sub-pa rag raph (2) of pa rag raph 10 of t his S ch edul e, no pa rt of th e a r ea co mp ris ed w ithin th e mu ni cipali ty of Shi llong shal l b e d eeme d to b e w ithin th e Kha si Hills Dist ri ct. (3) Th e ref e rence in Pa rt IIA in th e tabl e b elow to th e "Tripu ra Tribal Areas Dist ri ct " shall b e const ru ed as a ref eren ce to th e t errito ry co mp rising th e t ribal a r eas sp ecifi ed in the Fi rst S ch edule to th e Tripu ra Tribal Areas A u t o n o mo u s Dis t ri c t Cou n ci l A c t , 1 9 7 9 . TABLE PART I 1. Th e No rth Ca cha r Hills Dist rict . 2. T h e Ka rb i Anglong Dist ri ct . 3. Th e Bodol and Terri tori al Ar eas Distr i ct . P A R T II 1.
Khasi Hills Dist ri ct .
2.
Jaint ia Hi lls Dist ri ct.
3. Th e Ga ro Hill s Dist ri ct. PART IIA Tripu ra Tribal Areas Dist ri ct P A R T III ** * 1.
T h e Cha kma D ist ri c t.
2.
T h e Ma ra Dist ri ct .
3.
T h e La i Di st ri ct .
2 0 A . Dis solution of th e Mi zo Dis tri ct Coun cil.—(1) Notw ithstanding anything in this S ch edul e, th e Dist ri ct Coun cil of th e Mizo Dist ri ct existing i mme d i at ely b efo re th e p r es crib ed dat e (h ereinaft er ref erred to as th e Mizo Dist ri ct Coun cil) shal l stand dis solv ed an d ceas e to exist . (2) Th e Ad mi nist rato r of th e Union t errito ry of Mizo ra m ma y , by on e o r mo re o rd e rs , provid e fo r all or any o f th e fo llow ing ma tt ers , na me l y:— (a) th e tr ansf er , in who l e o r in p art , of th e ass et s, righ ts and li abi liti es of th e Mi zo Distri ct Coun cil (in c luding th e right s and li abi liti es und er an y contr a ct mad e by it) to th e Union or to an y o th er authori t y; (b ) th e subst itut ion o f the Union or an y oth er authori t y fo r the Mi zo Dis tri ct Coun cil , or th e addit ion o f th e Union or an y o th er authori t y, as a p a rt y to an y l eg al pro ceedings to whi ch th e Mi zo Distri ct Coun cil i s a p art y; ( c) th e tr ans fer or r e- e mplo ymen t of an y emplo yees of th e Mi zo Distri ct Coun cil to or b y th e Un ion o r any oth er authori ty, th e t er ms and condition s of s ervi ce appl i c abl e to su ch emp loyees aft er su ch tr ansf er or r e- e mplo yment; (d) th e cont inu an c e of an y l aw s , ma d e b y th e M i zo Dis tri ct Coun cil and in for ce i mmed i at el y b efor e it s di ssolu tion , sub j ect to su ch ad apt ation s and mo d i f i c at io n s , w h eth er b y w a y o f r ep e al o r a mend me n t , a s t h e A d min i s t r a t o r may mak e in this b eh alf , until su ch l a ws ar e alter ed , r ep e al ed or amend ed b y a c o mp et ent L egisl atu r e or oth er co mp et ent authorit y; ( e) su ch in cident al , cons equ enti a l and suppl emen t ar y ma tt ers as th e Ad ministr a tor consid er s n eces sar y. Explanat ion. —In this pa rag raph and in pa ragraph 20 B of th is S ch edul e, th e exp r ession "p res c rib ed dat e " me ans th e dat e on w hi ch th e Leg islativ e Ass e mb ly of the Union t erritory of Mizo ra m is duly const itut ed und er and in a c co rdan ce w ith th e p rovisions of th e Gov e rnme n t o f Union Territo ri es Act, 1963. 1
2 0 B . Au tono mous r egions in the Un ion t erritory of Mi zo r a m to b e au tono mou s dis tri cts and tr ansi tor y p rovisions cons equ ent th er eto .— (1 ) Notw ithstanding anything in this S ch edul e,—
_______________________________________________ 1. After paragraph 20B, the following paragraph has been inserted in its application to the State of Assam by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1995 (42 of 1995), s. 2, namely:“20BA. Exercise of discretionary powers by the Governor in the discharge of his functions.-The Governor in the discharge of his functions under sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) of paragraph 1, sub-paragraphs (1), (6), sub-paragraph (6A) excluding the first proviso and sub-paragraph (7) of paragraph 2, sub-paragraph (3) of paragraph 3, sub-paragraph (4) of paragraph 4, paragraph 5, sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 6, subparagraph (2) of paragraph 7, sub-paragraph (4) of paragraph 8, sub-paragraph (3) of paragraph 9, subparagraph (3) of paragraph 10, sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 14, sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 15 and sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) of paragraph 16 of this Schedule, shall, after consulting the Council of Ministers and the North Cachar Hills Autonomous Council or the Karbi Anglong Autonomous Council, as the case may be, take such action as he considers necessary in his discretion.” 2. After paragraph 20B, the following paragraph has been inserted in its application to the States of Tripura and Mizoram, by the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 1988 (67 of 1988), s. 2, namely:“20BB. Exercise of discretionary powers by the Governor in the discharge of his functions.-The Governor, ev erof y his autono mous egion exis ting i mme i at el y b1,efore th e pr es in the(a) discharge functions underr sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) ofdparagraph sub-paragraphs (1)crib and ed (7) of 2, sub-paragraph paragraph of m paragraph 4, eparagraph d at e inparagraph th e Union t erri tor y (3) of ofMi zor a m 3, shsub-paragraph all , on and(4)fro th at dat , b e an 5, sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 6, sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 7, sub- paragraph (3) of paragraph 9, autono mous distri ct in that Union t erri tor y (h er ea ft er r ef e rr ed to as th e sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 14, sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 15 and sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) of corr espond16ing newSchedule, d istri ct) and thconsulting e Ad ministr a tor th eof maand y, bify heonthinks e o r itmor e paragraph of this shall, after the Council of er Ministers, ord ers , dirthe ectDistrict that su ch cons equenti amend ments as e n eaction cess ar giv e necessary, Council or the Regionala lCouncil concerned, takearsuch as yheto considers discretion.” effnecessary e ct to in thhis e provis ions o f this cl aus e sh al l b e mad e in p ar agr aph 20 o f this
S ch edul e (in cluding P art III of th e t abl e app ended to th at p ar agr aph) and
th er eupon th e s aid p ar agr aph and th e s aid P art III sh al l b e d eemed to h av e b e en a mend ed ac c ording l y; (b) ev er y Region al Coun cil of an autono mous r egion in the Un ion t err itor y of Mizor a m existing immed i at el y b efor e th e pr es cribed d at e (h er eafter r ef err ed to as the exist ing Region al Coun cil) sh all , on and fro m th at d at e and unti l a Dis tri ct Coun cil is dul y const itut ed for th e corr esponding n ew di stri ct , b e d e e med to b e th e D istri c t Coun cil of th at di str i ct (h er e aft er re f err ed to as th e corr espond ing n ew Dis tri ct Coun cil) . (2) Ev ery me mb er w heth e r el ec t ed o r no minat ed of an ex isting Regional C o u n cil s h a l l b e d e e me d t o h a v e b e en e l e ct ed o r, a s t h e cas e ma y b e , no mi nat ed to th e co rresponding n ew Dis t ri ct Coun cil and shall hold off i ce unti l a Dist ri ct Coun cil is duly constitut ed fo r th e co rresponding n ew dist ri ct und er this S ch edul e. (3) Until rul es a re mad e und er sub-pa rag raph (7) of pa rag raph 2 and sub pa rag raph (4) of pa rag raph 4 of this S ch edule by th e co rresponding n ew D ist ri c t Coun cil , th e rul es mad e und e r th e said p rovis ions by th e existing Regional Council and in fo rce i mme d ia t ely befo re th e p r es cr ib ed dat e shall hav e eff e ct in re lat ion to th e co r r esponding new Di st ri ct Coun cil subj e c t to su ch adaptations and mod ifi cation s as ma y be ma d e th erein by th e Ad mi nist rato r of th e Union t errito ry of Mizora m. (4) Th e Ad mi nist rato r of th e Union t errito ry of Mizo ra m may , by on e o r mo re o rd e rs , provid e fo r all or any o f th e fo llow ing ma tt ers , na me l y:— (a) th e tr ansf er in whol e or in p art of th e ass et s, righ ts and li abi liti es of th e exis ting Region al Coun cil ( in cluding th e rights and li abi lities und er an y contr a ct ma d e by it) to th e corresponding n e w Distr i ct Coun cil; (b) th e substitu tion of th e corr espond ing n ew Distri ct Council for th e exis ting Reg ional Coun cil as a p art y to th e l eg al pro ceedings to whi ch th e exis ting Reg ional Coun cil is a p art y; ( c) th e tr ansf er or r e- e mplo ymen t of an y emplo yees of th e exis ting Region al Coun cil to or b y th e corr espond ing n ew Distri ct Council , th e t er ms and condition s of s ervi ce applicabl e to su ch emp lo yees aft er su ch tr ansf er or r e- e mplo yment; (d) th e continu an c e of an y l aw s mad e b y th e e xis ting R eg iona l Coun cil and in for ce i mme d iat el y b efor e th e pr es cr ib ed d at e , subj ect to su ch ad apt at ions and mod ifi cations , wh eth er b y way o f r ep eal o r amend ment , as th e A d ministr a tor ma y ma k e in th is b eh alf unti l su ch l a ws ar e a lt ere d , r ep e al ed o r amen d ed b y a co mp et ent Legislatur e or oth er co mp et ent authorit y; ( e) su ch in cid ent al , cons equenti a l and supplemen t ar y ma tt ers as th e Ad ministr a tor consid er s n eces sar y. 2 0 C . In t erpr et ation .—Su bj ect to any prov ision ma d e in thi s behalf , th e p rovis ions o f this S ch edul e shall , in th ei r appli ca tion to th e U nion t e r rito ry of M iz o ra m, hav e eff e ct — (1) as if r ef er en c es to th e Gov ernor and Gov ern me nt of the St at e wer e r ef er en c es to the Ad min istr ator of th e Union t erri tor y appo int ed und er arti cl e 239 , r ef er en c es to St at e ( ex c ept in th e expr ess ion "Gov ern ment of th e St at e") w e r e r ef er en c es to th e Union t erri tor y o f Mi zor am a nd r ef e r enc es to th e St at e Legisl atur e were r ef er en c es to th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y of th e Union t errito r y o f Mi zor a m; ( 2 ) as i f — (a) in sub-p ar agr aph (5) of p ar agr aph 4 , th e p rovision for c onsul t ation with th e Gov e rn ment of th e St at e con c ern ed h ad bee n o mitt ed ; (b) in sub-p ar agr aph (2) of p ar agr aph 6 , for th e words "to whi ch th e ex ecutiv e po wer of th e St at e extends ", th e words "wi th resp ect to whi ch
th e Legisl ativ e Ass e mbl y of th e Union t errito r y of Mi zo r a m h as po wer to ma k e l aw s" h ad b e en substi tut ed; ( c) in p ar agr aph 13 , the wo rds and f igur es "under ar ticl e 202" h ad b e en o mitt ed . 21 . A me n d me n t o f t h e S ch ed u l e.—(1) Pa rlia me nt ma y f ro m t ime to t i me by law a mend by w ay of add ition, va riation o r re p eal any of the p rovisions of thi s S ch edu le and , w hen th e Sch edul e is so amen d ed, any ref eren ce to this S ch edul e in this Constitut ion shal l b e const ru ed as a r ef e r en c e to su ch S ch edul e as so a me n d ed. (2) No su ch law as is me nt ion ed in sub-pa rag raph (1) of this pa rag raph shal l b e d eeme d to b e an a me nd men t of this Constitu tion for th e pu rpos es of a rt i c l e 3 6 8 .
SEVENTH SCHEDULE ( Arti c l e 246 ) L i s t I — Un i o n Lis t 1 . Def en ce of India and ev ery pa rt th ereof including p r epa ration fo r d ef en ce and all su ch a cts as may b e cond ucive in ti me s of wa r to its p ros ecution and aft er its t erminat ion to eff e ctiv e d e mo bili sation . 2 . Naval , mi litary and ai r fo rces; any oth er ar me d fo rces of th e Union . 2 A . Deploy me n t of any a r me d fo rce of th e Union o r any o th er fo rce subj ect to th e cont rol of th e Union o r any conting ent o r unit th ereof in any Stat e in aid of th e civi l pow e r; pow e rs, ju risdi ct ion, p riv il eg es and liabi liti es of th e me mb ers of su ch fo rces w hile on su ch deploy me n t . 3 . Del i mi tation of canton me n t a r eas , lo cal s elf-gov ern men t in su ch a r eas, th e constitu tion and pow e rs with in such a r eas of canton me n t autho rit i es and th e regulation of hous e a c co mmo d ation (in cluding th e cont rol of rents) in su ch a r eas . 4 . Naval , mi litary and ai r fo rce w orks . 5 . A r ms , f i r ea rms , a mmu n it i o n a n d exp l o s i v es . 6 . Ato mi c en ergy and min e ra l resou rces n ecessa ry fo r its p rodu ction . 7 . Indust ri es d ecla r ed by Pa rlia me n t by law to b e necessa ry fo r th e p u rpo s e o f d ef en c e o r f o r t h e p r o s e cu t i o n o f w a r . 8 . Cent ra l Bu reau of Int ell ig ence and Inv estigation . 9 . Prev ent iv e det ention fo r reasons conn ect ed w ith Defence, Fo reign A ffai rs , o r th e s e cu rity of India; p e rsons subje c t ed to su ch de t ention . 10 . Fo reign af fai rs; al l ma tt ers w hich b ring th e Union into re lat ion w ith any fo r eign count ry . 11 . Di plo mat i c, consula r and trad e rep r es entation . 12 . Un it ed Nations Organisation . 13 . Pa rt i cipation in int e rnational conf eren c es, a sso ciations and oth er bodi es and i mp l emen ting of d ecis ions ma d e thereat . 14 . En tering into t r eati es and ag reemen ts w ith fo reign countri es and i mp l emen ting of t r eati es , ag ree men ts and conv entions w ith fo reign count ri es . 15 . Wa r and pea c e. 16 . Fo reign ju risd i ction . 17 . Ci tiz enship , natu ralisa tion and ali ens . 18 . Ext rad ition. 19 . Ad mi ss ion into , and emi g ration and expulsion f ro m, I ndia; passpo rts and visas . 20 . P ilg ri ma g es to pla c es outsid e India .
21 . Pi ra ci es and cri mes co mmi tt ed on th e high s eas o r in th e ai r; off en c es agains t th e law of nations co mmi t t ed on land o r th e high s eas o r in th e a i r. 2 2 . Ra i lw a y s . 23 . Highw ays decla r ed by o r und er law mad e by Pa rlia me n t to b e national highways. 24 . Shipping and navigation on inland w aterw ays , d e cla r ed by Pa rlia me n t by law to b e nationa l w aterw ays , as rega rd s mech ani cally prop ell ed v ess els; th e rul e of th e road on su ch wat e rw ays. 25 . Ma rit i me shipp ing and navigat ion, in cluding shipp ing and navigation on tidal w aters; p rovision of edu cation and t raining fo r th e merca ntil e ma ri n e and regulat ion of su ch edu cation and training p rovid ed by Stat es and oth er ag en ci es . 26 . Lighthous es, in cluding lightsh ips, b ea cons and oth e r p rovis ion fo r th e saf ety of shipp ing and ai rcraft. 27 . Po rt s d eclared by o r und er law mad e by Pa rlia me n t o r exist ing law to b e majo r po rts , in cluding th ei r d eli mi tat ion, and th e constitution and pow e rs of po rt autho riti es th erein. 28 . Po rt qua rantin e, in clud ing hospital s conn ect ed th erew ith; s ea men 's and ma r i n e hospitals . 29 . Ai rw ays; aircraft and ai r navigat ion; p rovis ion of a e rodro mes ; regulat ion and o rganisat ion o f ai r t raffi c and of a e rod ro mes; p rovision fo r a e ro nauti ca l edu cation and t raining and regulation of su ch edu cation and t rain ing p rov ided by Stat es and oth er ag en ci es . 30 . Ca rriag e of pass eng e rs and goods by ra ilw ay, s ea o r ai r, o r by nat ional w aterw ays in mechani cal ly p rop ell ed v ess els . 31 . Pos ts a nd tel eg raphs; t e l ephon es , w i rel ess , b road casting and oth e r li ke fo r ms of co mm uni cat ion. 32 . Prop erty of th e Un ion and th e rev enu e th eref ro m, but as rega rds p rop erty situated in a S tat e subj ect to l egis lation by th e State, sav e in so far as Pa rlia me n t by law oth e rw is e p rovid es . * * * * * 34 . Cou rt s of wa rds fo r th e estat es of Rul e rs of Indian Stat es . 35 . Pub li c d ebt of th e Unio n. 36 . Cu rren cy , coinag e and l egal t end er; fo reign ex chang e. 37 . Fo reign loans . 3 8 . R es e rv e Ban k o f I n d i a . 3 9 . Pos t Off i c e S a v i n g s Ban k. 40 . Lot t e ri es o rganis ed by th e G ov e rn me nt of India o r th e Gov e rn me n t o f a State. 41 . Trad e and co mmerce w ith fo reign count ri es; i mp o rt and expo rt a c ross custo ms f ronti er s; d efin ition of custo ms f ronti ers . 42 . Int e r-Stat e t rad e and co mmerce. 43 . In co rpo ration , regu lation and w inding up of t rading co rpo rations , in clud ing ban king , insu ran ce and finan cia l co rpo rations , but not in cluding co-op e rativ e soci et i es. 44 . In co rpo ration , regu lation and w inding up of co rpo rations , w heth er t rading o r not , w ith obj e cts not confin ed to on e Stat e, b ut not in clud ing univ e rs iti es . 4 5 . Ban ki ng . 46 . Bills of ex chang e , ch eq ues, pro mi s so ry not es and oth er like ins tr u me nts . 47 . Insu ran ce.
48 . Sto c k ex chang es and futu res ma rket s. 49 . Pat en ts, invention s and d esigns ; copy righ t; t rad e- ma rks and me r c h a n d i s e ma r ks . 50 . Establish ment of standa rds of w eight and me a s ure. 51 . Establish ment of standa rds of quality fo r goods to b e ex po rt ed out of India o r t ranspo rt ed f ro m on e Stat e to anoth er. 52 . Indust ri es , th e cont rol of w hich by th e Union is d e cla r ed by Pa rlia me nt by law to b e exp edi ent in th e publ ic in t erest . 53 . Regula tion and d ev elop me nt of oilf i elds and mi n e ral oil resou rces; p et rol eu m a nd p et rol eu m p r odu cts; oth er liquids and substances d e cla r ed by Pa rlia me n t by law to b e dang er ously inf la mmabl e. 54 . Regula tion of mi n es and min e ral d ev elopmen t to th e extent to w hich su ch regulation and d evelop ment und er th e cont rol of th e Union is d e cla r ed by Pa rlia me n t by law to b e exp edi ent in th e publ ic in t erest . 55 . Regula tion of labou r and saf ety in mi n es and oilf i elds . 56 . Regula tion and d ev elop me nt of int e r-State riv e rs and river vall eys to th e ext ent to whi ch su ch regulation and d ev elop men t und er th e cont rol of the Union is d e cla red by Pa rlia me nt by law to b e exp edi ent in the publi c int e rest . 57 . Fishing and fish eri e s b eyond t errito ria l w aters . 58 . Manufa ctu re , supply and dist ribution of salt by Union agen ci es; regulat ion and cont rol of ma nufa ctu re, supply and dist ribution of salt by oth er ag en ci es . 59 . Cu ltivation , ma nu factu r e, and sal e fo r expo rt , of op iu m. 60 . Sanctioning of cin e ma tog raph fil ms fo r exhibi tion . 61 . Indust rial dispu t es con cerning Union emp loy ees . 62 . Th e ins titutions know n at th e co mmen ce ment of this Consti tution as th e National Lib rary , th e In dian Mu s eu m, th e Imp eri al Wa r Mus eu m, th e Vi cto ria Memo rial and th e Indian Wa r Memo rial , and any oth er li ke ins titution finan c ed by th e Gov e rn me n t o f India w holly o r in pa rt and d e cla r ed by Parlia me n t by law to b e an inst itutio n of national i mp o rtan ce. 63 . Th e ins titutions know n at th e co mmen ce ment of this Consti tution as th e Bena res Hindu Univ ersity , th e Aliga rh Mu slim Un iv ers ity and th e Delhi Univ ersity ; th e Univ ersity establi sh ed in pu rsuan ce of a rti cle 371 E; any other ins titution d e cla r ed by Pa rliamen t by law to b e an institu tion of national i mp o rtan c e . 64 . Institut ions fo r s ci entif i c or t e chni cal education finan c ed by th e Gov e rn me nt of India w holly o r in pa rt and d ecla r ed by Pa rlia me n t by law to b e insti tutions of national i mp o rtan ce. 65 . Un ion ag enci es and inst itution s fo r— ( a) prof ession al , vo cation al or t e chni cal t r aining , in cluding th e tr aining o f poli ce off i cers; or (b) th e pro motion of sp eci a l stud i es o r r e s e ar ch ; or ( c) s ci en tifi c or t e chni cal ass ist an ce in th e inv est ig ation or det e ct ion of c r i me . 66 . Co-o rd ination and d et e rmination of standa rds in inst itutions fo r high er edu cation o r res ea r ch and s ci entif i c and t e chni cal in stitutions . 67 . An ci en t and histo ri ca l mo nu me n ts and reco rds , and a r cha eologi ca l sit es and rema ins, decla r ed by o r und er law mad e by Pa rlia me n t to b e o f nat ional i mp o rtan c e . 68 . Th e Su rv ey of India , th e Ge ologi ca l, Botani cal , Zo ologi cal and A n t h rop o l o g i cal S u rv eys o f I n d i a ; M et eo ro l o g i cal o rg a n i sa t i o n s . 6 9 . C en s u s.
70 . Un ion Publ ic S e rvi c e; All-India S e rvi c es; Union Publi c Servi c e C o mmi s s i o n . 71 . Un ion p ens ions , that is to say , pensions payabl e by th e Gov e rn me n t o f India o r out of th e Co nsolidat ed Fund o f Ind ia . 72 . El ections to Pa rlia me n t , to th e Leg islatu res of Stat es and to th e o ffi ces of Presid ent and Vi ce- P resid ent; th e El ection Co mmi ssio n. 73 . Sala ri es and allow ances of me mb ers of Parlia me n t , th e Chai rma n and Deputy Cha i rman of th e Council of Stat es and th e Sp ea ker and Deputy Sp ea ke r of th e H ous e of th e P eopl e . 74 . Pow e rs , p rivil eg e s and i mmu n iti es of ea ch Ho us e of Pa rlia me n t and o f th e me mb ers and th e Co mmi t tees of ea ch Hous e; enfo rcemen t of att endan ce of p e rsons fo r giving evid en ce o r p rodu c ing do cu me n ts b efo re co mmi tt ees of Pa rlia me n t o r co mmi s sions appoint ed by Pa rlia me n t . 75 . Emo lu men ts , allow ances , privi l eg es , and right s in resp ect of l eav e of abs en ce, of th e Presid ent and Gov e rno rs; sala ri es and allowan c es of th e Minist ers fo r th e Union; th e sala ri es, allow an c es , and rights in resp ect of l eav e of abs en ce and oth e r condit ions o f serv ice of th e Co mp t rol l e r and A udito r- G en e ral . 76 . Aud it o f the a c counts of th e Union and of th e Stat es . 77 . Cons titution , organ isation, ju risdi ct ion and pow e rs o f the Sup reme C ou rt (in cluding cont e mp t of su ch Cou rt) , and th e f e es ta ke n th e r ein; p e rsons entit l ed to p ra ctis e b efo re th e Sup reme Cou rt . 78 . Cons titution and o rganisation (in c luding va cations ) of the High Cou rts ex cept p rovisions as to offi cers and s e rvants of High Cou rt s; p e rsons entit led to p ra ctis e b efore th e High Cou rts . 79 . Ext en sion of th e ju risdi c tion of a High Cou rt to , an d exclus ion of th e ju ris di ction of a H igh Cou rt fr o m, any Union t e r rito ry . 80 . Ext en sion of th e pow ers and ju risdi c tion of me mb ers of a poli ce fo rce b elonging to any Stat e to any area outsid e that Stat e, but not so as to enab l e th e poli ce of one Stat e to ex ercis e pow e rs and ju ris di ction in any a r ea ou tside that Stat e w ithout th e cons ent of th e Gov e rnmen t o f th e Stat e in w hich su ch a r ea is situat ed; ext ension of th e pow ers and ju ris di ction of me mb ers of a poli ce fo rce b elonging to any Stat e to railw ay a r eas outsid e that Stat e. 81 . Int e r-Stat e mi g r ation; int er-Stat e qua rantin e. 82 . Tax es on inco me oth er than ag ri cultu ra l in co me . 83 . Dut i es o f custo ms in cluding expo rt duti es . 84 . Dut i es o f excis e on toba cco and oth e r goods ma nufa ctu red o r prod uced in India ex cept— (a) al cohol i c liquo rs for hu ma n consu mption; (b) opiu m, Indi an h e mp and oth er n ar cot i c drugs and n ar coti cs , but in clud ing med i cinal and toil et p r epa rat ions containi ng al cohol o r any substan ce in clud ed in sub-pa rag raph ( b) of this ent ry . 85 . Co rpo rat ion tax . 86 . Tax es on the capital valu e of th e ass ets , ex clus iv e of ag ricultu ra l land, of indiv iduals and co mpan i es; tax es on th e capita l of co mp ani es . 87 . Estat e d uty in resp ect of prop erty oth e r than ag ri cultu ral land . 88 . Dut i es in resp ect of su ccession to p rop erty oth er than ag ri cul tu ral land. 89 . Termi nal tax es on goods o r pass eng e rs , carri ed by railw ay , s ea o r ai r; tax es on railw ay fa res and f r eights . 90 . Tax es oth e r than sta mp duti es on t ransa ctions in sto c k exchang es and futu res ma rket s .
91 . Rat es of stamp du ty in resp ect of bill s of ex chang e , ch equ es , p ro mi sso ry notes , bills of lad ing , l ett ers of credit , poli cies o f insu ran ce, t ransf er of shares , d eb entu r es, prox i es and receipts . 92 . Tax es on the sal e o r pu rchas e of n ew spapers and on advertis emen ts publ ish ed th er ein . 9 2 A . Tax es o n t h e s a l e o r p u r ch a s e o f g o o d s o t h e r t h a n n ew sp a p e rs , w he r e su ch sal e o r purchas e ta ke s pla ce in th e cou rs e of int e r-State t rad e o r c o mme r c e . 92 B. Tax es on th e consign men ts of goods (w heth er th e consign men t is to th e p e rson ma king it o r to any oth er p e rson) , w here su ch consign men t ta ke s pla ce in th e cou rs e of int e r-Stat e t rad e o r comme rce. 93 . Off en ces agains t law s w ith resp e ct to any of th e mat t e rs in this List . 94 . Inqui res , surv eys and statisti cs fo r th e purpos e of any o f th e ma tt ers in t h i s Lis t . 95 . J urisdi ction and pow e rs of all cou rts , ex ce pt th e Sup reme Co urt, w ith resp e ct to any of th e mat t e rs in this List ; admi ra lty ju risd iction . 96 . Fees in respect of any o f the ma t t e rs in this List , but not in cluding f e es ta ke n in any cou rt . 97 . Any oth er ma t t er not enumera t ed in List II o r List III in cluding any tax not me nt ion ed in eith er of thos e Lists . L ist II —St at e Lis t 1 . Pub li c o rd e r (but not in cluding th e us e of any naval , mi l ita ry o r a i r fo rce o r any oth e r a r me d fo rce of th e Union o r of any oth e r fo rce subj ect to th e co nt ro l of th e Union or of any co nting ent o r unit th ereof in aid of th e civi l pow e r) . 2 . Po li ce (in cluding railw ay and villag e pol i c e) subj ect to th e p rovisions of e nt ry 2 A of List I . 3 . Off i cers and s e rvants of th e High Cou r t; p ro c edu re in rent and rev enu e cou rts; f e es ta ke n in all cou rts ex cept th e Supre me Cou rt . 4 . Prisons , refor ma to ri es , Bo rstal ins titutions and oth er institution s of a li ke natu re, and p e rsons d etain ed th erein; a rrang emen ts w ith oth er Stat es fo r th e us e of p risons and oth er insti tutions . 5 . Lo ca l gov ernmen t, that i s to say , the cons titutio n and powers of mu n i cipal co rpo rations , i mp r ov emen t t rusts , dis tri cts boa rds , mi ning s ett l e me nt autho rit i es and other lo cal autho riti es fo r th e pu rpos e of lo cal s elf -gov ern ment o r villag e admi n ist rat ion. 6 . Pub li c h ealth and sanitation; hospita ls and disp ensa ries. 7 . P ilg ri ma g es, oth e r than pilgr i ma g es to pla ce s outsid e Ind ia . 8 . Intoxi cating liquo rs, that is to say , th e p rodu ction , ma nufa ctu re, poss es sion , t ranspo rt , pu rchas e and sal e of intoxi cat ing liquo rs . 9 . R el i ef o f t h e d i s a b l ed a n d u n e mp lo y a b l e . 10 . Bu rials and bu rial g rounds; crema tions and cremat ion g rounds . * * * * * 12 . L ib ra ri es , mu s e u ms and oth e r si mi la r institu tions cont roll ed o r finan c ed by th e Stat e; an ci ent and histo ri ca l mo n u ment s and reco rds oth e r than thos e d e cla r ed by o r under law mad e by Pa rlia me n t to b e of national i mp o rtan c e . 13 . Co mmu n i cation s, that is to say , road s, b ridg es , f erri es , and oth e r mea ns of co mmuni cat ion not sp ecif i ed in Li st I; mun i cipal t ra mw ay s; rop ew ays; inland w aterw ays and t raffi c th ereon subj ect to the p rovisions of List I and List III w ith rega rd to su ch w aterw ays; v ehi cl es oth er than mech ani cally prop ell ed v ehi cles .
14 . Ag ri cu ltu r e, in cluding ag ric ultu ra l edu cation and r es ea r ch , p rot e ction agains t p es ts and p r ev ention of plant dis ea ses . 15 . Pres erva tion , p rot ection and i mp r ov ement of sto c k and prev ention of ani ma l dis eas es; v et e rina ry t raining and p ra cti ce. 16 . Pound s and th e p r ev ention of cattl e t r espass . 17 . Wat er, that is to say , w ater suppli es , i r rigation and canals , d rainag e and emban kme nts , w ater sto rag e and w ater pow e r subj ect to th e p rovisions of ent ry 56 of List I . 18 . Land , that is to say , rights in o r ov er land, land t enu res in cluding th e relat ion of landlo rd and t enant, a nd th e col l e ction of rents; transf er and ali ena tion of agri cul tu ra l land; land i mp r ov ement and ag ri cultu ral loans ; coloniza tion . * * * * 21 . Fish eri es . 22 . Cou rt s of wa rds subj ect to th e p rovision s of ent ry 34 o f List I; en cu mb ered and atta ch ed estat es . 23 . Regula tion of mi n es and min e ral d ev elopmen t subj ect to th e p rovisions of List I w ith respect to regulation and d ev elop ment und er th e cont rol of th e Union . 24 . Indust ri es subj ect to th e p rovis ions o f ent ri es 7 and 52 of List I . 2 5 . Gas a n d g a s - w o r ks . 26 . Trad e and co mmerce w ithin th e Stat e subj ect to th e p rovis ions of ent ry 33 of List III . 27 . P r o d u c t i o n , s u p p l y a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f g o o d s s u b je c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f entry 33 of List III.
28 . Ma rkets and fai rs . * * * * 30 . Mon ey-l ending and mon ey-l end ers; rel i ef of ag ri cultu ra l ind ebt edn e ss. 31 . Inns and inn- keep ers . 32 . In co rpo ration , regu lation and w inding up of co rpo rations , oth e r than thos e sp ecif i ed in List I , and univ e rs iti es; unin co rpo rat ed t rading , lit era ry , s ci ent ifi c , religious and oth er so ci et i es and asso ciat ions; co-op e rativ e so ci et i es . 3 3 . T h e a t r e s a n d d r a ma t i c p e r f o r ma n c e s ; c i n e ma s s u b j e c t t o t h e p r o v i s i o n s o f e n t r y 6 0 o f L i s t I ; s p o r t s , e n t e r t a i n me n t s a n d amu s e me n t s .
34 . Bet ting and ga mb ling . 35 . Wo rks , lands and buildings v est ed in o r in th e poss ession of th e Stat e. * * * * 37 . El ections to th e Leg islatu re of th e S tat e subj ect to th e p rovis ions o f any law mad e by Parlia me n t . 38 . Sala ri es and allow ances of me mb ers of the Legislatu r e of th e Stat e, o f th e Sp ea ker and Deputy Sp ea ker of th e Leg islativ e Ass e mb ly and , if th ere is a Legisla tiv e Coun cil , of th e Chai rma n and Deputy Chai rma n th ereof . 39 . Pow e rs , p rivil eg es and i mmu n iti es of th e Legisla tiv e As se mb ly and of th e me mb ers and th e co mmi ttees th ereof , and , if th ere is a Legisla tiv e Coun cil , of that Co un cil and of th e me mb ers and th e co mmi tt e es th ereof; enfo rcemen t of att endan ce of persons fo r giving evid en ce o r p rodu cing do cu me n ts b efore co mmi tt e es of th e Legislatu re of th e S tat e. 40 . Sala ri es and allow ances of Min ist ers fo r th e Stat e. 41 . Stat e p ubli c s e rvi c es; Stat e Publi c S e rvi ce Co mmi s sion .
42 . Stat e p en sions , that is to say , pensions payabl e by th e Stat e o r out o f th e Consolidat ed Fund o f th e Stat e. 43 . Pub li c d ebt of th e S tat e. 4 4 . T r eas u r e t ro v e . 45 . Land rev enu e, in cluding th e ass ess me n t and coll ect ion of rev enu e, th e ma i nt enan c e of land reco rds , su rv ey fo r revenu e pu rpos es and reco rds of rights , and ali enation of rev enu es . 46 . Tax es on agri cul tu ral in come. 47 . Dut i es in resp ect of su ccession to ag ri cultural land . 48 . Estat e d uty in resp ect of ag ri cul tu ral land . 49 . Tax es on lands and buildings . 50 . Tax es on mi n e ral rights subj ect to any limi t ations i mp os ed by Pa rlia me n t by law relating to mi n eral d ev elop men t . 51 . Dut i es o f excis e on th e follow ing goods manufa ctu red o r p rodu c ed in th e Stat e and count ervai ling duti es at th e same o r low er rates on si mi la r g o o d s ma n u f a ct u r ed o r p ro d u ce d els ew he r e i n I n d i a : — ( a) al coholic liquors for human con su mp tion; (b) op iu m, Indi an h e mp and oth er n ar cot i c drugs and n ar cotics , but not in cluding me d i cinal and toil et p r eparations conta ining al cohol o r any substance in clud ed in sub-pa rag raph (b) of this ent ry. 52 . Tax es on the ent ry of goods into a lo cal area fo r consu mption , us e o r sal e th erein . 53 . Tax es on the consu mp tion o r sal e of el ectri ci ty. 54 . Tax es on the sal e o r pu rchas e of goods oth er than n ew spap e rs , subj ect to th e p rovisions of ent ry 92A of List I . 55 . Ta x es on adv e rtis emen ts oth er than adv e rtis emen ts publi sh ed in th e n ew spapers and adv e rtis emen ts b road cast by radio o r t el evision . 56 . Tax es on goods and pass eng e rs ca rri ed by road o r on inland w aterw ays. 57 . Tax es on v ehi cl es, w heth e r mech an i cally prop ell ed o r not , suitabl e fo r us e on roads , in cluding t ra mc a rs subj ect to th e p rovisions of ent ry 35 o f List III. 58 . Tax es on ani ma ls and boats. 59 . To lls . 60 . Tax es on p rof ess ions , t rad es , callings and e mp loy me n ts. 61 . Capi tation tax es . 62 . Tax es on luxu ri es , in clud ing tax es on entertain men ts , amu s emen t s, b etting and gamb l ing . 63 . Rat es of stamp du ty in resp ect of do cu me nts oth er than thos e sp ecif i ed in th e p rovisions of List I w ith rega rd to rates of sta mp du ty . 64 . Off en ces agains t law s w ith resp e ct to any of th e mat t e rs in this List . 65 . J urisdi ction and pow e rs of all cou rts , ex ce pt th e Sup reme Co urt, w ith resp e ct to any of th e mat t e rs in this List . 66 . Fees in respect of any o f the ma t t e rs in this List , but not in cluding f e es ta ke n in any cou rt .
List III—Co ncu rrent List 1. Cri mi nal law , i ncluding all ma t t e rs in cluded in th e Indian Penal Cod e at th e co mmen ce me n t o f th is Const itution but ex cluding off ences against laws w ith resp ect to any of th e ma tters sp ecif i ed in List I o r List II and ex cluding th e us e of naval , mi lita ry o r air fo rces o r any oth er a r me d forces of th e Un ion in aid of th e civil pow e r.
2. C ri mi nal p ro c edu r e , in cluding all ma tt e rs in clud ed in th e C od e of Cri mi nal Pro c edu r e at th e commen c e men t of this Constitu tion . 3. Prev entiv e d et ention fo r re asons conn ected w ith th e s e cu rity of a Stat e, th e ma int enan ce of publi c o rder, o r th e ma int enan ce of suppli e s and s e rvi c es ess ent ial to th e co mmu nity; p ersons subj ect ed to su ch d et ention . 4 . R e mo v a l f ro m o n e S t a t e t o a n o t h e r S t a t e o f p ri s o n e rs , a c cus ed p e rso n s and p e rsons subj e ct ed to p r eve ntiv e d et ent ion fo r r easons sp e cif i ed in ent ry 3 o f t h i s Lis t . 5. Ma rriag e and divo rce; infants and mi no rs; adoption; w ills , int esta cy and su ccession ; joint fa mi ly and pa rtition ; a ll ma t t e rs in respect of w hi ch pa rti es in jud i cial p ro c eeding s w ere i mme d iately b efo re th e co mmen ce me n t of thi s Const itution subj ect to th ei r p e rsonal law. 6. Transf er of p rop erty oth er than ag ri cultu ral land; regis t ration of d e eds and do cu me n ts. 7. Cont ra cts , in clud ing pa r tne r ship , ag en cy , c ont ra cts of car r iag e , and oth er sp ecial for ms o f cont ra cts , but not in cluding cont ra cts relat ing to ag ri cul tu ral land . 8 . A ct i o n a b l e w ro n g s . 9. Ban kr upt cy and insolv en cy. 1 0 . T ru s t a n d Tr u s t e es . 11 . Ad mi nist rato rs-g en era l and offi cia l t rustees . 11 A. Ad mi nist ration of Justi c e; constitu tion and o rganisation of all cou rts , e x c ep t t h e S u p re me C o u rt a n d t h e Hig h Cou rt s . 12 . Ev id en ce and oaths; recognit ion of law s, publ ic a cts and reco rds , and judi cial p ro c eedings . 13 . Civ il p ro c edu r e , in cluding all ma tt e rs in clud ed in th e Cod e of C ivil Pro c edu re at the co mmen ce me nt of this Constitut ion, l i mi tation and a rbit rat ion. 14 . Cont emp t of cou rt , bu t no t in cluding conte mp t o f th e Sup reme Cou rt . 15 . Vag ran cy; no ma di c and mig rato ry t rib e s. 16 . Luna cy and me n ta l d e fi ci en cy , in cluding pla c es fo r th e re c e ption o r t r eat me n t of lunati cs and me n tal d efi c i ents . 17 . Prev ent ion of cru elty to ani ma ls . 1 7 A . Fo r es ts . 17 B. Prot ection of w ild ani mals and bi rds . 18 . Adu lt e ration of foodstuffs and oth er goods . 19. Drugs and poison s, subj ect to th e p rovisions of ent ry 59 of List I w ith resp e ct to opium. 20 . Econo mi c and so cial planning . 20 A. Population cont rol and fa mi ly planning . 21 . Co mmerci a l and indust rial mo n opoli es , comb i n es and t rusts . 22 . Trad e unions; indus t rial and labou r disput es . 23 . Social s e cu rity and so cial insu ran c e; emp loy me n t an d une mp loy men t. 24 . Welfa re of labou r in cluding conditions of w ork, p rovid ent funds , e mp loy ers' liabil ity , w orkme n 's co mp en sation, invalidi ty and old ag e p ension s and mat e rnity b en ef its . 25 . Edu cat ion, in clud ing t e chni cal edu cat ion, med i cal edu cation and univ e rs iti es , subj ect to th e p rovis ions o f ent r ies 63 , 64 , 65 and 66 of Li st I; vo cationa l and t e chni ca l t ra ining of labou r . 2 6 . L eg a l , me d ic a l a n d o t h e r p r o f ess io n s .
27 . Rel i ef and re habil itation of p e rsons displaced f ro m th ei r o rigina l p la c e of resid en ce by reason of th e setting up of th e Do min ions of India and P a kis t a n . 28 . Cha ri ti es and cha ritabl e inst itutions , charitab l e and religious endow men ts and religiou s institut ions . 29 . Prev ent ion of th e ext ension f ro m on e State to anoth e r o f inf e ct ious o r contagious di s eas es o r p ests aff e cting me n , ani ma ls o r plants . 30 . Vi tal statisti cs in cluding regist ra tion of b irths and d eaths. 31 . Po rt s oth e r than thos e d e cla r ed by o r under law mad e by Pa rlia me n t or exist ing law to b e majo r po rts . 32 . Shipping and navigation on inland w aterw ays as rega rds mech ani cally p rop ell ed v ess els , and th e rul e of th e road on su ch w aterw ays, a nd th e ca rriag e of pass eng e rs and goods on inland w aterw ays subject to th e p rovis ions o f List I w ith resp ec t to national wat e rw ays. 33 . Trad e and co mmerce i n , and th e p rodu ction , supply and dist ribution of ,— (a) th e produ cts of an y industry wher e th e contro l of su ch industr y b y th e Union is d e cl ar ed b y Parli a me nt b y l a w to b e exp edi ent in th e publi c in t er est , and i mport ed goods of th e s ame kind as su ch produ cts ; (b) foods tuffs , in clud ing edibl e oi ls eeds and oils ; ( c) c at tl e fodd er , in cluding oil c ak es and oth er con c entr at es; (d) r a w cotton , wh eth er ginn ed or unginn ed , and cot ton s eed; and ( e) r a w jute . 3 3 A . W ei g h t s a n d me a s u r es e x c ep t est a b l i s h me n t o f s t a n d a rds . 3 4 . P ri c e con t rol . 35 . M e chani cally p rop ell ed v ehi cl e s in cluding th e p rin cipl es on w hic h tax e s on su ch v ehi cl es a r e to b e l ev ie d . 36 . Fa cto r i es 37 . Bo il ers . 38 . El ect ri city . 39 . New spapers, boo ks and p rinting p r ess e s. 40 . Archa eolog ical sit e s and rema i ns oth e r than thos e d e cla red by or und er law mad e by Par lia me n t to b e of national i mp o rtan c e . 41 . Cus tody, manag e me n t an d dispo sal of p rop erty (in clud ing ag ri cultu ra l land) d e cla r ed by law to b e eva cu e e p rop e rty . 42 . Acqui sition and req uisitioning of p rop erty . 43 . Recov e ry in a Stat e o f claims i n resp ect of tax es and other publi c d e ma nds , in cluding a rrea rs of land- rev enu e and su ms recov er abl e as su ch a r r ea rs , a rising outsid e that Stat e . 44 . Sta mp duties oth er than duti es o r f e es coll ect ed by me a ns of judi cia l sta mp s , but no t in cluding rat es of sta mp du ty. 45 . Inqui ri es and stati sti cs for th e pu rpos es of any of th e matt ers sp eci fi ed in List II o r List III . 46 . J urisdi ction and pow e rs of all cou rts , ex ce pt th e Sup reme Co urt, w ith resp e ct to any of th e mat t e rs in this List . 47 . Fees in respect of any o f the ma t t e rs in this List , but not in cluding f e es ta ke n in any cou rt .
EIGHTH SCHEDULE [Articles 344 (1) and 351] Lang uag es 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . 11 . 12 . 13 . 14. 15. 16. 17. 18 . 19. 20 . 21. 22.
As s a me s e . B en g a l i . Bod o . Do g r i . Guj a rat i . Hin d i . Kan n a d a . Kas h mi r i . Kon ka n i . Maith ili . Malayala m. Manipu ri . Ma rathi . N ep a l i . O ri y a . Pu n j a b i . S a n s kr i t . Santha li . Sindhi. Ta mi l . T el u g u . U rd u .
NINTH SCHEDULE (Article 31B) 1 . Th e Biha r Land Refo rms Act , 1950 ( B iha r Act XXX o f 1950) . 2 . Th e Bo mb a y T e n a n cy a n d Ag ri cul tu ra l Lan d s A ct , 1 9 4 8 ( Bo mb a y A ct L XV I I o f 1 9 4 8 ) . 3 . Th e Bo mb ay Ma l e ki Tenu re Abolit ion Act , 1949 ( Bo mbay Act LXI of 1949). 4 . Th e Bo mb ay Taluqda ri Tenu re Abolition Ac t , 1949 ( Bo mb ay Ac t LXII of 1949). 5 . Th e Pan ch M a h a l s M ehw a s s i T e n u r e Abo l i t i o n A ct , 1 9 4 9 ( Bo mb a y A ct L XI II o f 1 9 4 9 ) . 6 . Th e Bo mb a y K h o t i Abo l i t i o n A ct , 1 9 5 0 ( Bo mb a y A ct VI o f 1 9 5 0 ) . 7 . Th e Bo mb ay Pa ragana and Kul ka rni Wa tan Abolition Act, 1950 ( Bo mb ay Act LX of 1950). 8 . Th e Madhya Prad esh Abolition of Prop ri eta ry Rights ( Estat es , Mahal s, A l i en a t ed Lan d s ) A ct , 1 9 5 0 ( Ma d h y a P ra d esh A c t I o f 1 9 5 1 ) . 9 . Th e Mad ras Estat es ( Aboli tion and Conv ersion into Ryotwa ri) Act , 1948 ( Ma d ras A ct XXV I o f 1 9 4 8 ) . 10 . Th e Mad ras Estat es ( Abolition and Conv ersion into Ryotwa ri) A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 5 0 ( Ma d ras A ct I o f 1 9 5 0 ) . 11 . Th e Utta r Pr ad esh Za mi nda ri Abolit ion and Land Refo rms Act , 1950 ( Utta r Prad esh Act I of 1951) . 1 2 . Th e Hyd e rab a d ( Ab o l i t i o n o f J a g i rs) R eg u l a t io n , 1 3 5 8 F ( N o . L XI X o f 1358 , Fas li) . 1 3 . Th e Hyd e rab a d J a g i rs ( Co m mu t a t i o n ) R eg u l a t io n , 1 3 5 9 F ( No . XXV o f 1359 , Fas li) . 14 . Th e Biha r Displa ced Persons Rehabilita tion ( A cquisi tion of Land) Act , 1950 ( Biha r Act XXXVI II of 1950) . 15 . Th e Unit ed Provin c es Land Acquisition ( Rehabil itation of Refug e es) A c t , 1 9 4 8 ( U . P. A c t XXV I o f 1 9 4 8 ) . 16 . Th e Res ettle men t o f Disp laced Persons ( Land Acquisit ion) Act , 1948 ( A ct L X o f 1 9 4 8 ) . 1 7 . S e c t i o n s 5 2 A t o 5 2 G o f t h e I n s u ran c e A ct , 1 9 3 8 ( A ct I V o f 1 9 3 8 ) , a s ins e rt ed by s e ction 42 of th e Insu ran c e ( A me nd me n t) Act, 1950 ( A ct XL VII of 1950). 18 . Th e Railw ay Co mpani e s ( Emerg en cy Provision s) Act , 1951 ( A ct LI of 1951). 19 . Chapt er II I- A of th e Indust ri es ( D ev elopmen t a nd Regulation) Act , 1951 ( A ct LXV of 1951) , a s insert ed by s e ction 13 of t he Indust ri e s ( D ev elo p me n t a n d R eg u l a t i o n ) A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 5 3 ( A ct XX V I o f 1 9 5 3 ) . 2 0 . Th e W es t Be n g a l Lan d D ev e l o p me n t a n d Pla n n i n g A ct , 1 9 4 8 ( W es t B e n g a l A ct XXI o f 1 9 4 8 ) , a s a m e n d ed b y W es t B en g a l A c t XXI X o f 1 9 5 1 . 2 1 . Th e An d h ra P r a d esh C ei l i n g o n Ag ri cu l t u ra l Hol d i n g s A ct , 1 9 6 1 ( An d h ra Pra desh A ct X o f 1 9 6 1 ) . 2 2 . Th e An d h ra P r a d esh ( T e l a n g a n a A rea ) T en a n cy a n d Ag ric u l t u ra l Lan d s ( Va l i d a t i o n ) A ct , 1 9 6 1 ( An d h ra P ra d esh A ct X XI o f 1 9 6 1 ) . 23 . Th e Andh ra Prad esh ( T elangana Area ) Ija ra and Kow li Land Can c ellat ion of I rregula r Pattas and Abo lition of Con cessional Ass ess me n t Act , 1961 ( Andh ra Prad esh Act XXXVI of 1961) . 24 . Th e Assa m Stat e Acquisit ion of Lands b e longing to Religious o r Cha ritabl e Ins titut ion o f Publ ic Na tu re Act , 1959 ( Assa m Act I X o f 1961) .
2 5 . Th e Bih a r L a n d R e f o r ms ( A me n d me n t ) Ac t , 1 9 5 3 ( B i h a r A c t XX o f 1954). 26 . Th e Biha r Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling Area and Acquisit ion o f Su rplus Land) Act , 1961 ( Bihar Act XII of 1962) , ex cept s e ction 28 of this Act. 27 . Th e Bo mb ay Taluqda ri Tenu re Abolition ( A me n d ment) Act , 1954 ( Bo mb a y A ct I o f 1 9 5 5 ) . 28 . Th e Bo mb ay Taluqda ri Tenu re Abolition ( A me n d ment) Act , 1957 ( Bo mb a y A ct XV I I I o f 1 9 5 8 ) . 2 9 . Th e Bo mb a y I n a ms ( Ku t ch A r ea ) Abo l i t i o n A ct , 1 9 5 8 ( Bo mb a y A ct XC V I I I o f 1 9 5 8 ) . 3 0 . Th e Bo mb a y T en a n cy a n d A g ri cul t u ra l Lan d s ( Gu j a ra t A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 6 0 ( Gu j a ra t A ct XV I o f 1 9 6 0 ) . 31 . Th e Guja rat Ag ri cultu ral Lands Ceiling Act , 1960 ( Guja rat Act XXV I of 1961). 32 . Th e Sagba ra and Mehw assi Estat es ( P ropri eta ry Rights Abolit ion, et c.) R e g u l a t i o n , 1 9 6 2 ( Gu j a ra t R eg u l a t io n I o f 1 9 6 2 ) . 33 . Th e Guja rat Su rviving Alienations Aboli tion Act , 1963 (Guja rat Act XXXI I I o f 1963) , ex cept in so fa r as this Act re lat es to an alienation ref erred to in sub- clau se (d) of claus e (3) of s e ction 2 th ereof . 34 . Th e Maha rasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( C eil ing on Holdings) Act , 1961 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra A c t XXV I I o f 1 9 6 1 ) . 35 . Th e Hyd e rabad T enan cy and Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( R e- ena ct me n t , Validat ion and Fu rth er Amen dmen t) Act , 1961 (Maha rash t ra Act XL V of 1961). 3 6 . Th e Hyd e rab a d T en a n cy a n d Ag ri cul t u ra l Lan d s A ct , 1 9 5 0 ( Hy d e ra b a d A c t XXI o f 1 9 5 0 ) . 37 . Th e J en mi ka ra m Pay men t ( Abolit ion) Act, 1960 ( K erala Act III of 1961). 3 8 . Th e K e ral a L a n d Ta x A ct , 1 9 6 1 ( K e ra l a Ac t XI I I o f 1 9 6 1 ) . 3 9 . Th e K e ral a L a n d R e f o r ms A c t , 1 9 6 3 ( K e ra l a A ct I o f 1 9 6 4 ) . 40 . Th e Madhya Prad esh Land Rev en ue Cod e , 1959 (Madhya Prad esh Act XX of 1959). 41 . Th e Madhya Prad esh Cei ling on Ag ri cu ltu ral Holdings Act , 1960 ( Ma d h y a P ra d esh A ct XX o f 1 9 6 0 ) . 42 . Th e Mad ras Cultivating Tenants Prot ection Act, 1955 (Mad ras Act X XV o f 1 9 5 5 ) . 43 . Th e Mad ras Cultivating Tenants ( Pay me n t of Fa i r Rent) Act , 1956 ( Ma d ras A ct XXI V o f 1 9 5 6 ) . 44 . Th e Mad ras Occupan ts o f Kudiyi ruppu (Prot e ction f rom Ev i c tion) Act , 1961 (Mad ras Act XXXVI II of 1961) . 45 . Th e Mad ras Publi c Trusts (Regulation of Ad mi nist ration of A g ri cul t u ra l Lan d s ) A ct , 1 9 6 1 ( M a d ras A ct LV I I o f 1 9 6 1 ) . 46 . Th e Mad ras Land Refo rms ( Fixat ion of Ceil ing on Land) Act , 1961 ( Ma d ras A ct LV I I I o f 1 9 6 1 ) . 47 . Th e Myso re Tenan cy Act , 1952 (Myso re Ac t XIII of 1952). 4 8 . Th e Coo rg T e n a n t s A ct , 1 9 5 7 ( M y s o r e A ct XI V o f 1 9 5 7 ) . 49 . Th e Myso re Villag e Offi ces Abolition Act , 1961 (Myso r e Ac t XI V of 1961). 50 . Th e Hyd e rabad Tenan cy and Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Validation) Act , 1961 ( My s o r e A ct XX XV I o f 1 9 6 1 ) . 5 1 . Th e M y s o r e L a n d R ef o r ms A c t , 1 9 6 1 ( My s o r e A c t X o f 1 9 6 2 ) .
5 2 . Th e O ri s s a L a n d R e f o r ms A c t , 1 9 6 0 ( O ris s a A ct XVI o f 1 9 6 0 ) . 53 . Th e Orissa Merg ed Territori es ( Vil lag e Offi ces Aboli tion) Act, 1963 ( O ris s a A ct X o f 1 9 6 3 ) . 5 4 . Th e Pu n j a b S e cu rit y o f Lan d T en u r es A ct , 1 9 5 3 ( Pu n j a b A c t X o f 1 9 5 3 ) . 55 . Th e Rajasthan Tenan cy Ac t , 1955 ( Rajasthan Act III of 1955) . 56 . Th e Rajasthan Za mi n da ri and Bisw eda ri Abolit ion Act , 1959 ( Rajasthan Act VIII of 1959). 57 . Th e Ku maun and Ut ta ra khand Za mi n da ri Abolit ion and Land Reforms A c t , 1 9 6 0 ( Ut t a r P r a d esh A ct XV I I o f 1 9 6 0 ) . 58 . Th e Utta r Pr ad esh I mp osition of Ceiling on Land Hold ings Act , 1960 ( Utta r Prad esh Act I of 1961) . 5 9 . Th e W es t Be n g a l Est a t es Ac q u i s it i o n A c t , 1 9 5 3 ( W es t B en g a l A ct I o f 1954). 6 0 . Th e W es t Be n g a l La n d R ef o r ms A ct , 1 9 5 5 ( W est B en g a l Ac t X o f 1 9 5 6 ) . 6 1 . Th e D el h i Lan d R ef o r ms Ac t , 1 9 5 4 ( D elh i A c t V I I I o f 1 9 5 4 ) . 62 . Th e Delhi Land Holdings (Ceiling ) Act , 1960 ( C ent ral Ac t 24 of 1960 ). 63 . Th e Manipu r Land Rev enu e and Land Re fo rms Act , 1960 ( C ent ral Act 33 of 1960). 6 4 . Th e T ri p u ra Lan d R ev en u e a n d Lan d R ef o r ms A ct , 1 9 6 0 ( C ent ra l A ct 43 of 1960). 65 . Th e Kerala Land Reforms (Ame n d men t) Ac t , 1969 ( K erala Ac t 35 of 1969). 66 . Th e Kerala Land Reforms (Ame n d men t) Ac t , 1971 ( K erala Ac t 25 of 1971). 67 . Th e Andh ra P r ad esh Land R e fo r ms ( C ei ling on Ag ri cu ltu ral Holdings) A c t , 1 9 7 3 ( An d h ra P ra d esh A ct 1 o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 68 . Th e Biha r Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling Area and Acquisit ion o f Su rplus Land) ( A me n d ment) Act , 1972 ( Bihar Act 1 of 1973) . 69 . Th e Biha r Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling Area and Acquisit ion o f S u rpl u s Lan d ) ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 3 ( Bi h a r A c t I X o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 7 0 . Th e Bih a r L a n d R e f o r ms ( A me n d me n t ) Ac t , 1 9 7 2 ( B i h a r A c t V o f 1972). 71 . Th e Guja rat Ag ri cultu ral Lands Ceiling (Ame n d men t) Ac t , 1972 ( Gu j a ra t A ct 2 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 72 . Th e Ha ryana Ce iling on Land Holdings Act , 1972 ( Ha ryana Act 26 of 1972). 7 3 . Th e Hi ma c h a l P ra d esh C ei l i n g o n Lan d H o l d i n g s A ct , 1 9 7 2 ( Hi ma ch a l P r a d esh A c t 1 9 o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 74 . Th e Kerala Land Reforms (Ame n d men t) Ac t , 1972 ( K erala Ac t 17 of 1972). 75 . Th e Madhya Prad esh Cei ling on Ag ri cu ltu ral Holdings (Ame n d men t) A c t , 1 9 7 2 ( Ma d h y a P ra d esh A ct 1 2 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 76 . Th e Madhya Prad esh Cei ling on Ag ri cu ltu ral Holdings (S econd A me n d me n t ) Ac t , 1 9 7 2 ( Ma d h y a P ra d esh A ct 1 3 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 77 . Th e Myso re Land Refo rms ( A me n d ment) Act , 1973 ( Ka rnata ka Act 1 of 1974). 7 8 . Th e Pu n j a b L a n d R ef o r ms A c t , 1 9 7 2 ( Pu n j a b A ct 1 0 o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 79 . Th e Rajasthan I mp osition of Ceiling on Ag ri cultu ra l Holding s Act , 1 9 7 3 ( Ra j a s t h a n A ct 1 1 o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 80 . Th e Gudalur Jan ma m Es tat es ( Abolit ion and Conv ersion into Ryotw ari) A c t , 1 9 6 9 ( Ta mi l Nad u Ac t 2 4 o f 1 9 6 9 ) .
8 1 . Th e W es t B e n g a l Lan d Re f o r ms ( A me n dm e n t) A ct , 1 9 7 2 ( W es t B en g a l A c t XI I o f 1 9 7 2 ) . 8 2 . Th e W es t Be n g a l Est a t es Ac q u i s it i o n ( A me n d me n t) A ct , 1 9 6 4 ( W es t B e n g a l A ct XXI I o f 1 9 6 4 ) . 8 3 . Th e W es t Be n g a l Est a t es Ac q u i s it i o n ( S e co n d A me n d me n t ) A ct , 1 9 7 3 ( W est B en g a l Ac t XXXI I I o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 8 4 . Th e Bo mb a y T en a n cy a n d A g ri cul t u ra l Lan d s ( Gu j a ra t A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 2 ( Gu j a ra t A ct 5 o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 85 . Th e Orissa Land Reforms (Ame n d men t) Ac t , 1974 ( O ri ssa Ac t 9 of 1974). 8 6 . Th e T ri p u ra Lan d R ev en u e a n d Lan d R ef o r ms ( S e co n d Ame n d me n t ) A c t ,1 9 7 4 ( T r i p u ra Ac t 7 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . * * * * * 8 8 . Th e I n d u s t ri es ( D ev elo p me n t a n d R eg u l a t i o n ) A ct , 1 9 5 1 ( C e n t ra l A ct 6 5 of 1951). 89 . Th e Requisition ing and Acquis ition of I mmo v abl e Prop er ty Act, 1952 ( C ent ra l A ct 3 0 o f 1 9 5 2 ) . 90 . Th e Min es and Min e ra ls (Regulation and Dev e lop ment ) Act , 1957 ( C ent ra l A ct 6 7 o f 1 9 5 7 ) . 91 . Th e Monopoli es and Rest ri ct iv e Trad e Pra cti ces Act , 1969 ( C ent ral Act 54 of 1969). * * * * * 93 . Th e Co king Coal Min es ( Emerg en cy Provision s) Act , 1971 ( C ent ral Act 64 of 1971). 94 . Th e Co king Coal Min es ( Nationa lisation) Act , 1972 ( C entral Act 36 of 1972). 95 . Th e Gen e ral Insu ran ce Busin es s ( Natio nalisatio n) Act , 1972 ( C ent ral Act 57 of 1972). 96 . Th e Ind ian Copp er Co rpo ration ( A cquis ition of Und erta king) Act , 1972 ( C ent ra l A ct 5 8 o f 1 9 7 2 ) . 97 . Th e Si ck Texti l e Und e rta kings ( Ta king Over of Manag e ment) Act , 1972 ( C ent ra l A ct 7 2 o f 1 9 7 2 ) . 98 . Th e Coal Min es ( Ta king Ov er of Manag emen t) Act , 1973 ( C ent ral Act 15 of 1973). 99 . Th e Coal Min es ( Nationa lisation) Act , 1973 ( C ent ral Act 26 of 1973). 1 0 0 . Th e Fo r ei g n Ex cha n g e Re g u l a t io n A ct , 1 9 7 3 ( C ent ra l A c t 4 6 o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 101 . Th e Al co ck As hdow n Comp a ny Li mi t ed ( A cquisit ion of Und e rta kings) A c t , 1 9 7 3 ( C ent r a l A ct 5 6 o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 102 . Th e Coal Min es (Con s e rvation and Dev elop men t) Act , 1974 ( C ent ral Act 28 of 1974). 103 . Th e Additional Emo lu ments ( Co mp ulso ry Deposit) Act, 1974 ( C ent ral Act 37 of 1974). 104. Th e Conservation of Fo re ign Ex chang e and Prev ention of S muggl ing A c t i v i t i es A ct , 1 9 7 4 ( C ent ra l A c t 5 2 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 105 . Th e Si ck Texti l e Und e rta kings ( Nationa lisatio n) Act , 1974 ( C ent ral Act 57 of 1974). 106 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Ceil ing on Holdings) ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 6 4 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra A ct XV I o f 1 9 6 5 ) . 107 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Ceil ing on Holdings) ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 6 5 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra A ct XX XI I o f 1 9 6 5 ) . 108 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Ceil ing on Holdings) ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 6 8 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra A ct XV I o f 1 9 6 8 ) .
109 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Ceil ing on Holdings) (S econd Amen d men t) Act , 1968 ( Maharasht ra Act XXXI II of 1968) . 110 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Ceil ing on Holdings) ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 6 9 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra A ct XX XV I I o f 1 9 6 9 ) . 111 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Ceil ing on Holdings) (S econd Amen d men t) Act , 1969 ( Maharasht ra Act XXXVI II of 1969). 112 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Ceil ing on Holdings) ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 0 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra A ct XXV I I o f 1 9 7 0 ) . 113 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Ceil ing on Holdings) ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 2 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra A ct XI I I o f 1 9 7 2 ) . 114 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Ceil ing on Holdings) ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 3 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra A ct L o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 115 . Th e Orissa Land Refo rms ( A me nd me n t) Act, 1965 ( O rissa Act 13 o f 1965). 116 . Th e Orissa Land Refo rms ( A me nd me n t) Act, 1966 ( O rissa Act 8 o f 1967). 117 . Th e Orissa Land Refo rms ( A me nd me n t) Act, 1967 ( O rissa Act 13 o f 1967). 118 . Th e Orissa Land Refo rms ( A me nd me n t) Act, 1969 ( O rissa Act 13 o f 1969). 119 . Th e Orissa Land Refo rms ( A me nd me n t) Act, 1970 ( O rissa Act 18 o f 1970). 120 . Th e Utta r Prad esh I mp osition of Ceiling on Land Hold ings ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 2 ( Ut t a r P r a d esh A ct 1 8 o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 121 . Th e Utta r Prad esh I mp osition of Ceiling on Land Hold ings ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 4 ( Ut t a r P r a d esh A ct 2 o f 1 9 7 5 ) . 1 2 2 . Th e T ri p u r a La n d R ev en u e a n d La n d Re f o r ms ( Th i rd A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 5 ( T rip u ra Ac t 3 o f 1 9 7 5 ) . 123 .Th e Dad ra and Naga r Haveli Land Refo rms Regula tion , 1971 (3 of 1971). 1 2 4 . Th e Dad ra a n d Na g a r Hav el i Lan d R ef o r ms ( A me n d me nt ) R eg u l a t i o n , 1973 (5 of 1973). 1 2 5 . S e c t i o n 6 6 A a n d Cha p t e r I V A o f t h e M o t o r V eh i cl es A ct , 1 9 3 9 * ( C ent ra l A ct 4 o f 1 9 3 9 ) . 126 . Th e Ess entia l Co mmo d ities Act, 1955 ( Cent ral Act 10 of 1955) . 127 . Th e S mu ggl ers and Fo reign Ex chang e Manipula to rs (Forf eitu re of P r o p e rt y ) A ct , 1 9 7 6 ( C ent ra l A c t 1 3 o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 128 . Th e Bond ed Labou r Sy st em ( A bo lition) Act , 1976 ( C entral Act 19 of 1976). 129 . Th e Cons er vation of Fo reign Ex chang e and Prev ention of S mu ggling Activit i es (Ame nd me n t) Act, 1976 ( C ent ral Ac t 20 of 1976 ). * * * * * 1 3 1 . Th e L ev y S u g a r P ri c e Eq u a l i s a t i o n Fu n d A ct , 1 9 7 6 ( C ent ra l A ct 3 1 o f 1976). __________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 3 2 . Th e U rb a n L a n d ( C ei l i n g a n d R eg u l a t i o n ) A ct , 1 9 7 6 ( C ent ra l A ct 3 3 o f *1 See 9 7now 6 ) . the relevant provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (59 of 1988). 133 . Th e Depa rt me n talisa tion of Union Accounts ( T ransf e r of Personn el) A c t , 1 9 7 6 ( C ent r a l A ct 5 9 o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 134 . Th e Assa m Fixation of Ceiling on Land Holding s Act , 1956 ( Assa m Act 1 of 1957).
1 3 5 . Th e Bo mb a y T en a n cy a n d A g r i cul t u ra l Lan d s ( Vi d a rb h a R eg io n ) A ct , 1 9 5 8 ( Bo mb a y A c t XCI X o f 1 9 5 8 ) . 136 . Th e Guja rat Privat e Fo rests ( A cquis ition) Act, 1972 ( Guja rat Act 14 of 1973). 137 . Th e Ha ryana Ceiling on Land Holdings (Ame n d men t) Ac t , 1976 ( Ha ry a n a A ct 1 7 o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 1 3 8 . Th e Hi ma c h a l P ra d esh T en a n cy a n d Lan d R ef o r ms A ct , 1 9 7 2 ( Hi ma c h a l Pra d esh A ct 8 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 139 . Th e Hi ma chal Prad esh Villag e Co mmo n Lands Vesting and Utilizat ion A c t , 1 9 7 4 ( Hi ma ch a l P ra d esh A c t 1 8 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 140 . Th e Ka rnata ka Land Refor ms (S econd Amen d ment and Mis c ellan eous P r o v i s i o n s ) A ct , 1 9 7 4 ( Ka rn a t a ka A ct 3 1 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 1 4 1 . Th e Ka rna t a ka La n d R ef o r ms ( S e co n d Ame n d me n t ) A ct , 1 9 7 6 ( Ka rn a t a ka A c t 2 7 o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 1 4 2 . Th e K e ra l a P r ev ent i o n o f E v i ct i o n A ct , 1 9 6 6 ( K e ra l a A ct 1 2 o f 1 9 6 6 ) . 143 . Th e Thi ruppuva ra m Paymen t (Abo lition) Act , 1969 ( Kerala Act 19 of 1969). 1 4 4 . Th e S r e ep a d a m L a n d s Enf ra n chi s e me n t A c t , 1 9 6 9 ( K e ra l a A ct 2 0 o f 1969). 145 . Th e S ree Panda rava ka Lands ( V esting and Enf ran chis emen t) Act , 1971 ( K erala Ac t 20 of 1971 ). 146 . Th e Kerala Privat e Fo rests ( V esting and Assign me n t) Ac t , 1971 ( K e ra l a A ct 2 6 o f 1 9 7 1 ) . 147 . Th e Kerala Agri cultu ral Wo rkers Act , 1974 ( K erala Act 18 of 1974 ). 148 . Th e Kerala Cash ew Fa ctori es ( A cquis ition) Act , 1974 ( Kerala Act 29 of 1974). 149 . Th e Kerala Chitti es Act , 1975 ( K erala Ac t 23 of 1975 ). 150 . Th e Kerala S ch edul ed Trib es ( R est ri c tion on Tran sf er of Lands and R e s t o ra t i o n o f A l i en a t ed Lan d s ) A ct , 1 9 7 5 ( Ke r a l a A ct 3 1 o f 1 9 7 5 ) . 151 . Th e Kerala Land Refo rms ( A me nd me n t) Act, 1976 ( K erala Act 15 of 1976). 1 5 2 . Th e Kan a m T e n an cy Abo l i ti o n A ct , 1 9 7 6 ( K e ra l a A ct 1 6 o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 153 . Th e Madhya Prad esh Ceiling on Ag ri cultu ral Holdings ( A me n d ment) A c t , 1 9 7 4 ( Ma d h y a P ra d esh A ct 2 0 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 154 . Th e Madhya Prad esh Ceiling on Ag ri cultu ral Holdings ( A me nd me n t) A c t , 1 9 7 5 ( Ma d h y a P ra d esh A ct 2 o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 1 5 5 . Th e W es t K h a n d es h M eh w a s s i Est a t es ( P r o p ri et a ry Rig h t s Abo l i t i o n , e t c .) R eg u l a t i o n , 1 9 6 1 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra R eg u l a t i o n 1 o f 1 9 6 2 ) . 156 . Th e Maharasht ra Resto ration of Lands to S ch edul ed Tr ib es Act , 1974 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra A c t XIV o f 1 9 7 5 ) . 157 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Low ering of Ceiling on H o l d i n g s ) a n d ( A me n d me n t ) Ac t , 1 9 7 2 ( Ma h a r a s h t ra A ct XXI o f 1 9 7 5 ) . 158 . Th e Maharasht ra Privat e Fo rest (Acqu isit ion) Act , 1975 (Maha rash t ra A c t XXI X o f 1 9 7 5 ) . 159 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Low ering of Ceiling on Holdings) and (Ame n d men t) Amen d ment Act , 1975 (Maha rasht ra Act XL VII of 1975). 160 . Th e Maharasht ra Ag ri cultu ral Lands ( Ceil ing on Holdings) ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 5 ( Ma h a ra s h t ra A ct I I o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 161 . Th e Orissa Estat es Abolition Act , 1951 (Orissa Act I o f 1952) . 162 . Th e Rajasthan Colonisat ion Act, 1954 ( Rajasthan Act XXV I I of 1954 ).
163 . Th e Rajasthan Land Refor ms a nd Acquisit ion of Landow ners’ Estat es A c t , 1 9 6 3 ( Ra j a s t h a n A ct 1 1 o f 1 9 6 4 ) . 164 . Th e Rajasthan I mp osition of Ceiling on Ag ri cultu ra l Holding s ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 6 ( Ra j a s t h a n A ct 8 o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 1 6 5 . Th e Ra j a s t h a n T en a n cy ( A me n d me n t ) Ac t , 1 9 7 6 ( Ra j a s t h a n A ct 1 2 o f 1976). 166 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Red uction of Ceiling on Land) Act , 1 9 7 0 ( Ta mi l Nad u A ct 1 7 o f 1 9 7 0 ) . 167 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 1 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 4 1 o f 1 9 7 1 ) . 168 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 2 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 1 0 o f 1 9 7 2 ) . 169 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) S e cond A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 2 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 2 0 o f 1 9 7 2 ) . 170 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Thi rd A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 2 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 3 7 o f 1 9 7 2 ) . 171 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Fou rth A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 2 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 3 9 o f 1 9 7 2 ) . 172 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Sixth A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 2 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 7 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 173 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Fifth A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 2 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 1 0 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 174 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 4 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 1 5 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 175 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Thi rd A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 4 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 3 0 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 176 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) S e cond A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 4 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 3 2 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 177 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 5 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 1 1 o f 1 9 7 5 ) . 178 . Th e Ta mi l Nadu Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) S e cond A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 5 ( Ta mi l N a d u A ct 2 1 o f 1 9 7 5 ) . 179 . A me n d me nts ma d e to th e U tta r P rad esh Za mi n da ri Aboli tion and Land Reforms Act , 1950 ( Uttar Prad esh Act I of 1951) by th e Utta r Prad esh Land Law s ( Amen d ment) Act, 1971 ( Utta r Pr ad esh Act 21 of 1971) and th e U t t a r P ra d esh L a n d Law s ( Am e n d me n t ) A ct , 1 9 7 4 ( Ut t a r Pr a d esh A ct 3 4 o f 1974). 180 . Th e Utta r Prad esh I mp osition of Ceiling on Land Hold ings ( A me n d me n t ) A c t , 1 9 7 6 ( Ut t a r P r a d esh A ct 2 0 o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 1 8 1 . Th e W es t B e n g a l Lan d Re f o r ms ( S e co n d A me n d me n t ) Ac t , 1 9 7 2 ( W est B e n g a l A ct XX V I I I o f 1 9 7 2 ) . 1 8 2 . Th e W es t B e n g a l R es t o ra t i o n o f Ali en a t ed Lan d A ct , 1 9 7 3 ( W es t B e n g a l A ct XXI I I o f 1 9 7 3 ) . 1 8 3 . Th e W es t B e n g a l Lan d Re f o r ms ( A me n dm e n t) A ct , 1 9 7 4 ( W es t B en g a l Act XXXI II of 1974) . 1 8 4 . Th e W es t B e n g a l Lan d Re f o r ms ( A me n dm e n t) A ct , 1 9 7 5 ( W es t B en g a l A c t XXII I o f 1 9 7 5 ) . 1 8 5 . Th e W es t B e n g a l Lan d Re f o r ms ( A me n dm e n t) A ct , 1 9 7 6 ( W es t B en g a l A c t XI I o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 1 8 6 . Th e D el h i L a n d Ho l d i n g s ( C eil in g ) A me n d me n t A ct , 1 9 7 6 ( C ent ra l A c t 15 of 1976).
187 . Th e Goa , D a man and Diu Mund ka rs ( P rot e ction f ro m E vi ct ion) A ct , 1 9 7 5 ( Go a , Dama n a n d Diu Ac t 1 o f 1 9 7 6 ) . 188 . Th e Pondich erry Land Refo rms ( Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Act, 1 9 7 3 ( Po n d i ch er r y A c t 9 o f 1 9 7 4 ) . 189 . Th e Assa m ( T empo ra rily S ettl ed Areas) Tenan cy Act , 1971 ( Assa m Act X XI II o f 1 9 7 1 ) . 190 . Th e Assa m ( T empo ra rily S ettl ed Areas) Tenan cy (Ame n d men t) Act , 1974 ( Assa m Act XV III of 1974) . 191 . Th e Biha r Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling Area and Acquisit ion o f S u rpl u s Lan d ) ( A me n d me n t ) A me n d in g A ct , 1 9 7 4 ( Bi h a r A ct 1 3 o f 1 9 7 5 ) . 192 . Th e Biha r Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling Area and Acquisit ion o f Su rplus Land) ( A me n d ment) Act , 1976 ( Bihar Act 22 of 1976) . 193. The Bihar Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling Area and Acquisition of Surplus Land) (Amendment) Act, 1978 (Bihar Act VII of 1978).
194. The Land Acquisition (Bihar Amendment) Act, 1979 (Bihar Act 2 of 1980). 195. The Haryana Ceiling on Land Holdings (Amendment) Act, 1977 (Haryana Act 14 of 1977). 196. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Amendment Act, 1978 (Tamil Nadu Act 25 of 1978). 197. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Amendment Act, 1979 (Tamil Nadu Act 11 of 1979). 198. The Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition Laws (Amendment) Act, 1978 (Uttar Pradesh Act 15 of 1978). 199. The West Bengal Restoration of Alienated Land (Amendment) Act, 1978 (West Bengal Act XXIV of 1978). 200. The West Bengal Restoration of Alienated Land (Amendment) Act, 1980 (West Bengal Act LVI of 1980). 201. The Goa, Daman and Diu Agricultural Tenancy Act, 1964 (Goa, Daman and Diu Act 7 of 1964). 202. The Goa, Daman and Diu Agricultural Tenancy (Fifth Amendment) Act, 1976 (Goa, Daman and Diu Act 17 of 1976). 203. The Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Areas Land Transfer Regulation, 1959 (Andhra Pradesh Regulation 1 of 1959). 204. The Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Areas Laws (Extension and Amendment) Regulation, 1963 (Andhra Pradesh Regulation 2 of 1963).
205. The Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Areas Land Transfer (Amendment) Regulation, 1970 (Andhra Pradesh Regulation 1 of 1970). 206. The Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Areas Land Transfer (Amendment) Regulation, 1971 (Andhra Pradesh Regulation 1 of 1971). 207. The Andhra Pradesh Scheduled Areas Land Transfer (Amendment) Regulation, 1978 (Andhra Pradesh Regulation 1 of 1978). 208. The Bihar Tenancy Act, 1885 (Bihar Act 8 of 1885). 209. The Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act, 1908 (Bengal Act 6 of 1908) (Chapter VIII—sections 46, 47, 48, 48A and 49; Chapter X—sections 71, 71A and 71B; and Chapter XVIII—sections 240, 241 and 242). 210. The Santhal Parganas Tenancy (Supplementary Provisions) Act, 1949 (Bihar Act 14 of 1949) except section 53. 211. The Bihar Scheduled Areas Regulation, 1969 (Bihar Regulation 1 of 1969). 212. The Bihar Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling Area and Acquisition of Surplus Land) (Amendment) Act, 1982 (Bihar Act 55 of 1982). 213. The Gujarat Devasthan Inams Abolition Act, 1969 (Gujarat Act 16 of 1969).
214. The Gujarat Tenancy Laws (Amendment) Act, 1976 (Gujarat Act 37 of 1976). 215. The Gujarat Agricultural Lands Ceiling (Amendment) Act, 1976 (President's Act 43 of 1976). 216. The Gujarat Devasthan Inams Abolition (Amendment) Act, 1977 (Gujarat Act 27 of 1977). 217. The Gujarat Tenancy Laws (Amendment) Act, 1977 (Gujarat Act 30 of 1977). 218. The Bombay Land Revenue (Gujarat Second Amendment) Act, 1980 (Gujarat Act 37 of 1980). 219. The Bombay Land Revenue Code and Land Tenure Abolition Laws (Gujarat Amendment) Act, 1982 (Gujarat Act 8 of 1982). 220. The Himachal Pradesh Transfer of Land (Regulation) Act, 1968 (Himachal Pradesh Act 15 of 1969). 221. The Himchal Pradesh Transfer of Land (Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 1986 (Himachal Pradesh Act 16 of 1986). 222. The Karnataka Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prohibition of Transfer of Certain Lands) Act, 1978 (Karnataka Act 2 of 1979). 223. The Kerala Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1978 (Kerala Act 13 of 1978). 224. The Kerala Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1981 (Kerala Act 19 of 1981). 225. The Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code (Third Amendment) Act, 1976 (Madhya Pradesh Act 61 of 1976). 226. The Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code (Amendment) Act, 1980 (Madhya Pradesh Act 15 of 1980). 227. The Madhya Pradesh Akrishik Jot Uchchatam Seema Adhiniyam, 1981 (Madhya Pradesh Act 11 of 1981). 228. The Madhya Pradesh Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings (Second Amendment) Act, 1976 (Madhya Pradesh Act 1 of 1984). 229. The Madhya Pradesh Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings (Amendment) Act, 1984 (Madhya Pradesh Act 14 of 1984). 230. The Madhya Pradesh Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings (Amendment) Act, 1989 (Madhya Pradesh Act 8 of 1989).
231. The Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966 (Maharashtra Act 41 of 1966), sections 36, 36A and 36B. 232. The Maharashtra Land Revenue Code and the Maharashtra Restoration of Lands to Scheduled Tribes (Second Amendment) Act, 1976 (Maharashtra Act 30 of 1977). 233. The Maharashtra Abolition of Subsisting Proprietary Rights to Mines and Minerals in certain Lands Act, 1985 (Maharashtra Act 16 of 1985). 234. The Orissa Scheduled Areas Transfer of Immovable Property (by Scheduled Tribes) Regulation, 1956 (Orissa Regulation 2 of 1956). 235. The Orissa Land Reforms (Second Amendment) Act, 1975 (Orissa Act 29 of 1976). 236. The Orissa Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1976 (Orissa Act 30 of 1976). 237. The Orissa Land Reforms (Second Amendment) Act, 1976 (Orissa Act 44 of 1976). 238. The Rajasthan Colonisation (Amendment) Act, 1984 (Rajasthan Act 12 of 1984). 239. The Rajasthan Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1984 (Rajasthan Act 13 of 1984). 240. The Rajasthan Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1987 (Rajasthan Act 21 of 1987). 241. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Second Amendment Act, 1979 (Tamil Nadu Act 8 of 1980). 242. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Amendment Act, 1980 (Tamil Nadu Act 21 of 1980). 243. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Amendment Act, 1981 (Tamil Nadu Act 59 of 1981). 244. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Second Amendment Act, 1983 (Tamil Nadu Act 2 of 1984). 245. The Uttar Pradesh Land Laws (Amendment) Act, 1982 (Uttar Pradesh Act 20 of 1982). 246. The West Bengal Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1965 (West Bengal Act 18 of 1965). 247. The West Bengal Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1966 (West Bengal Act 11 of 1966). 248. The West Bengal Land Reforms (Second Amendment) Act, 1969 (West Bengal Act 23 of 1969). 249. The West Bengal Estate Acquisition (Amendment) Act, 1977 (West Bengal Act 36 of 1977). 250. The West Bengal Land Holding Revenue Act, 1979 (West Bengal Act 44 of 1979). 251. The West Bengal Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1980 (West Bengal Act 41 of 1980). 252. The West Bengal Land Holding Revenue (Amendment) Act, 1981 (West Bengal Act 33 of 1981). 253. The Calcutta Thikka Tenancy (Acquisition and Regulation) Act, 1981 (West Bengal Act 37 of 1981). 254. The West Bengal Land Holding Revenue (Amendment) Act, 1982 (West Bengal Act 23 of 1982). 255. The Calcutta Thikka Tenancy (Acquisition and Regulation) (Amendment) Act, 1984 (West Bengal Act 41 of 1984). 256. The Mahe Land Reforms Act, 1968 (Pondicherry Act 1 of 1968). 257. The Mahe Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1980 (Pondicherry Act 1 of 1981). 257A. The Tamil Nadu Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Reservation of Seats in Educational Institutions and of appointments or posts in the Services under the State) Act, 1993 (Tamil Nadu Act 45 of 1994). 258. The Bihar Privileged Persons Homestead Tenancy Act, 1947 (Bihar Act 4 of 1948). 259. The Bihar Consolidation of Holdings and Prevention of Fragmentation Act, 1956 (Bihar Act 22 of 1956). 260. The Bihar Consolidation of Holdings and Prevention of Fragmentation (Amendment) Act, 1970 (Bihar Act 7 of 1970).
261. The Bihar Privileged Persons Homestead Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1970 (Bihar Act 9 of 1970). 262. The Bihar Consolidation of Holdings and Prevention of Fragmentation (Amendment) Act, 1973 (Bihar Act 27 of 1975). 263. The Bihar Consolidation of Holdings and Prevention of Fragmentation (Amendment) Act, 1981 (Bihar Act 35 of 1982). 264. The Bihar Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling Area and Acquisition of Surplus Land) (Amendment) Act, 1987 (Bihar Act 21 of 1987). 265. The Bihar Privileged Persons Homestead Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1989 (Bihar Act 11 of 1989). 266. The Bihar Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1989 (Bihar Act 11 of 1990). 267. The Karnataka Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prohibition of Transfer of Certain Lands) (Amendment) Act, 1984 (Karnataka Act 3 of 1984). 268. The Kerala Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1989 (Kerala Act 16 of 1989). 269. The Kerala Land Reforms (Second Amendment) Act, 1989 (Kerala Act 2 of 1990). 270. The Orissa Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1989 (Orissa Act 9 of 1990). 271. The Rajasthan Tenancy (Amendment) Act, 1979 (Rajasthan Act 16 of 1979). 272. The Rajasthan Colonisation (Amendment) Act, 1987 (Rajasthan Act 2 of 1987). 273. The Rajasthan Colonisation (Amendment) Act, 1989 (Rajasthan Act 12 of 1989). 274. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Amendment Act, 1983 (Tamil Nadu Act 3 of 1984). 275. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Amendment Act, 1986 (Tamil Nadu Act 57 of 1986). 276. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Second Amendment Act, 1987 (Tamil Nadu Act 4 of 1988). 277. The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Amendment (Amendment) Act, 1989 (Tamil Nadu Act 30 of 1989). 278. The West Bengal Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1981 (West Bengal Act 50 of 1981). 279. The West Bengal Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1986 (West Bengal Act 5 of 1986). 280. The West Bengal Land Reforms (Second Amendment) Act, 1986 (West Bengal Act 19 of 1986). 281. The West Bengal Land Reforms (Third Amendment) Act, 1986 (West Bengal Act 35 of 1986). 282. The West Bengal Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1989 (West Bengal Act 23 of 1989). 283. The West Bengal Land Reforms (Amendment) Act, 1990 (West Bengal Act 24 of 1990). 284. The West Bengal Land Reforms Tribunal Act, 1991 (West Bengal Act 12 of 1991). Explanation.—Any acquisition made under the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 (Rajasthan Act III of 1955), in contravention of the second proviso to clause (1) of article 31A shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void.
TENTH SCHEDULE [Articles 102(2) and 191(2)] Provisions as to disqua lifica tion on ground of defectio n 1. Interpretation.—In this Schedule, unless the context otherwise requires,— ( a) "Hous e" me ans eith er Hous e of P arli a me nt or th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mbl y or , as th e cas e ma y b e , eith er Hous e of th e Legis l atur e of a Stat e; (b) "l egisl a tur e p art y", in r e l ation to a me mb er of a Hous e b elonging to an y polit i c al p art y in accord an ce with th e provision s of p ar agr aph 2 o r p ar agr aph 4 , means th e group consi sting of all th e me mb ers of th at Hous e for th e ti me b eing belonging to th at polit i c al p art y in accord an ce with th e s aid provis ions; ( c) "o rigin al polit i c al p art y" , in r el a tion to a memb er of a Hous e, means th e poli ti c al p art y to whi ch h e belongs for th e purpos es of sub-p ar agr aph (1) of p ar agr aph 2; (d) "par agr aph" mean s a p ar agr aph of this S ch edul e. 2. Disqualification on ground of defection.—(1) Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 4 and 5, a member of a House belonging to any political party shall be disqualified for being a member of the House— ( a) if h e h as volunt ar il y giv en up his memb er ship of su ch po liti ca l p art y; or (b) if h e vot es or abst ain s f ro m voting in su ch Hous e contr ar y to an y dir ection issu ed b y th e po liti cal p art y to whi ch h e b elongs or by an y p e rson o r author it y au thoris ed b y it in this b eh alf , without obt ain ing, in eith er cas e , th e prior p er mis sion of su ch po liti cal p art y, p erson or authori t y and su ch voting or abst en tion has not b e en condon ed b y su ch po litical p art y, p erson or authorit y within f ift een days fro m th e d ate of su ch vo ting or abst ention . Explanation.—For the purposes of this sub-paragraph,— ( a) an el ect ed me mb er of a House sh all b e d eemed to b elong to th e poli ti c al p art y, if an y, b y whi ch h e was set up as a cand id at e for el ect ion as su ch me mb er ; ( b ) a n o min at ed me mb e r o f a Ho u s e s h all , — (i) where he is a member of any political party on the date of his nomination as such member, be deemed to belong to such political party; (ii) in any other case, be deemed to belong to the political party of which he becomes, or, as the case may be, first becomes, a member before the expiry of six months from the date on which he takes his seat after complying with the requirements of article 99 or, as the case may be, article 188. (2) An elected member of a House who has been elected as such otherwise than as a candidate set up by any political party shall be disqualified for being a member of the House if he joins any political party after such election. (3) A nominated member of a House shall be disqualified for being a member of the House if he joins any political party after the expiry of six months from the date on which he takes his seat after complying with the requirements of article 99 or, as the case may be, article 188. (4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this paragraph, a person who, on the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985, is a member of a House (whether elected or nominated as such) shall,— (i) wh er e h e w as a me mb er of poli ti c al p art y i mme d i at el y b efore su ch co mme n cement , b e d eemed , for th e purpos es of sub-p ar agr aph (1) of this p ar agr aph , to h av e b e en e l e ct ed a s a me mb er of su ch Hous e a s a c a ndid at e s et up b y su ch po liti cal p art y;
(i i) in an y oth er cas e, b e d eemed to b e an el ected me mb er of the Hou s e w ho ha s b e en ele c t ed as su ch oth er wis e th an as a c a ndid at e s et up b y an y poli ti c al p art y for th e purpos es of sub-p ar agr aph (2) of this p aragr aph or , as th e cas e ma y b e, b e d eemed to be a no min a t ed me mb er of th e Hous e for th e purpos es of sub-p ar agr aph (3) of this p ar agr aph. * * * * * 4. Disqualification on ground of defection not to apply in case of merger.—(1) A member of a House shall not be disqualified under sub-paragraph (1) of paragraph 2 where his original political party merges with another political party and he claims that he and any other members of his original political party— ( a) h av e b e co me me mb ers of su ch oth er polit i c al p art y or , as th e cas e ma y b e , o f a n e w polit i c al p art y forme d b y su ch me rg er; or (b) h av e not a c ce pt ed th e me rg er and opt ed to fun ction as a s epa r at e group, and fro m th e time o f su ch merg er , su ch o th er poli ti c al p art y or n e w po liti cal p art y or group , as th e cas e ma y b e, sh all b e d e emed to b e th e poli ti c al p art y to whi ch h e b e longs for th e purposes of sub-p ar agraph (1) of p ar agr aph 2 and to b e his orig in al politi cal p ar t y for th e purpos es of this sub-p ar ag r aph . (2) For th e purpos es of sub-p aragr aph (1) of this p ar agr aph , the me r g er o f th e orig in al politi cal p art y of a memb er of a Hous e sh all b e d eemed to h av e t ak en pl ace if , and on ly if , not l ess th an t wo-third s of th e me mb ers of th e l egis l atur e p art y con c ern ed h av e ag r e ed to su ch me rg er . 5 . Ex e mp tion ,— Not wi thst anding an ything cont ain ed in th is S ch edul e, a p erson who h a s b e en el ect ed to th e offi ce of th e Sp eak er or th e Deput y Sp eak er of th e Hous e o f th e P eopl e or the Depu t y Ch airman o f th e Coun cil of St at es or th e Ch air man or th e Depu t y Ch air man of th e Legis l ativ e Coun cil of a St at e or th e Sp eak er or th e Deput y Sp eak er of th e Legisl at iv e Ass e mb l y o f a St at e, sh all not b e disqu al ifi ed und er this S ch edul e,— ( a) if h e , b y r e ason of his el ection to su ch offi ce , vo lunt aril y giv es up th e me mb er ship of th e polit i c al p arty to wh i ch h e belong ed i mme d iat el y b efor e su ch el e ction and do es not , so long as h e con tinu es to hold su ch offi c e th er eaf t er, r e join th at poli ti c al p art y or b e co me a me mb er of anoth er pol iti cal p art y; or (b) if h e , h aving giv en up b y r e ason of his el ection to su ch of fice his me mb er ship of th e polit i c al p arty to wh i ch h e belong ed i mme d iat el y b efor e su ch el ection , rejoin s su ch pol iti cal p art y af t er h e ceas es to hold su ch offi ce. 6 . Deci sion on qu est ions a s to disqua lifi cat ion on g round of d ef e ction .— (1) If an y qu estion aris es as to wh eth er a me mb er of a Hous e h as beco me subj ect to disqu a lifi c at ion und er this S ch edul e, th e qu estion sh all b e r ef err ed for th e d e cis ion of th e Ch air man or , as th e cas e ma y be, th e Sp eak er of su ch Hous e and his d e cis ion sh all b e fin al : Provided that where the question which has arisen is as to whether the Chairman or the Speaker of a House has become subject to such disqualification, the question shall be referred for the decision of such member of the House as the House may elect in this behalf and his decision shall be final. (2) All proceedings under sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph in relation to any question as to disqualification of a member of a House under this Schedule shall be deemed to be proceedings in Parliament within the meaning of article 122 or, as the case may be, proceedings in the Legislature of a State within the meaning of article 212. *7. Bar of jurisdiction of courts.—Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, no court shall have any jurisdiction in respect of any matter connected with the disqualification of a member of a House under this Schedule.
8. Rules.—(1) Subject to the provisions of sub-paragraph (2) of this paragraph, the Chairman or the Speaker of a House may make rules for giving effect to the provisions of this Schedule, and in particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, such rules may provide for— ( a) th e maint en an c e of r egist er s or oth er r e cords as to th e politi ca l p art ies, if an y, to wh i ch diff er en t me mb ers of th e Hous e b elong; (b) th e r eport whi ch th e l e ad er of a l egisl atur e p art y in r el a tion to a me mb er of a Hous e sh all furn ish with r eg ard to an y condon ation of th e n atur e r ef err ed to in claus e (b) of sub-p ar agr aph (1) of p ar agr aph 2 in r esp ect of su ch memb er , th e ti me within whi ch and th e authority to who m su ch r eport sh all be furni sh ed; ( c) th e r eport s whi ch a po liti cal p art y sh al l fu rnish with r eg ard to ad mission to such polit i c al p arty of an y me mb ers of th e Hous e and th e offi cer of th e Hous e to w ho m su ch r eports sh a ll b e fu rnish ed ; and (d) th e pro c edure for d e ciding an y qu estion r ef err ed to in sub-par agr aph (1) of p ar agr aph 6 in cluding th e pro c edur e for an y inquir y whi ch ma y b e ma d e for th e purpos e of d e ciding su ch qu estion . (2) The rules made by the Chairman or the Speaker of a House under sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph shall be laid as soon as may be after they are made before the House for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions and shall take effect upon the expiry of the said period of thirty days unless they are sooner approved with or without modifications or disapproved by the House and where they are so approved, they shall take effect on such approval in the form in which they were laid or in such modified form, as the case may be, and where they are so disapproved, they shall be of no effect. _________________________________________________________________ The Chairman the Speaker House may, without prejudice to thetoprovisions *(3) Paragraph 7 declaredorinvalid for wantof of aratification in accordance with the proviso clause (2) of of article article permay majority Kihoto Vs. Zachilhu others S.C.Cunder . 309. this 105 or, as 368 the as case be, opinion article in 194, andHollohon to any other powerand which he(1992) may 1have Constitution direct that any wilful contravention by any person of the rules made under this paragraph may be dealt with in the same manner as a breach of privilege of the House.
ELEVENTH SCHEDULE (Article 243 G) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.
Agriculture, including agricultural extension. Land improvement, implementation of land reforms, land consolidation and soil conservation. Minor irrigation, water management and watershed development. Animal husbandry, dairying and poultry. Fisheries. Social forestry and farm forestry. Minor forest produce. Small scale industries, including food processing industries. Khadi, village and cottage industries. Rural housing. Drinking water. Fuel and fodder. Roads, culverts, bridges, ferries, waterways and other means of communication. Rural electrification, including distribution of electricity. Non-conventional energy sources. Poverty alleviation programme. Education, including primary and secondary schools. Technical training and vocational education. Adult and non-formal education. Libraries. Cultural activities. Markets and fairs. Health and sanitation, including hospitals, primary health centres and dispensaries. Family welfare. Women and child development. Social welfare, including welfare of the handicapped and mentally retarded. Welfare of the weaker sections, and in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. Public distribution system. Maintenance of community assets.
TWELFTH SCHEDULE (Article 243 W) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Urban planning including town planning. Regulation of land-use and construction of buildings. Planning for economic and social development. Roads and bridges. Water supply for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes. Public health, sanitation conservancy and solid waste management. Fire services. Urban forestry, protection of the environment and promotion of ecological aspects. Safeguarding the interests of weaker sections of society, including the handicapped and mentally retarded. Slum improvement and upgradation. Urban poverty alleviation. Provision of urban amenities and facilities such as parks, gardens, playgrounds. Promotion of cultural, educational and aesthetic aspects. Burials and burial grounds; cremations, cremation grounds; and electric crematoriums. Cattle pounds; prevention of cruelty to animals. Vital statistics including registration of births and deaths. Public amenities including street lighting, parking lots, bus stops and public conveniences. Regulation of slaughter houses and tanneries.
APPENDIX I THE CONSTITUTION (APPLICATION TO JAMMU AND KASHMIR) ORDER, 1954 C.O. 48 In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of article 370 of the Constitution, the President, with the concurrence of the Government of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, is pleased to make the following Order:— 1. (1) This Order may be called the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954. (2) It shall come into force on the fourteenth day of May, 1954, and shall thereupon supersede the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1950. 2. The provisions of the Constitution as in force on the 20th day of June, 1964 and as amended by the Constitution (Nineteenth Amendment) Act, 1966, the Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967, section 5 of the Constitution (Twenty-third Amendment) Act, 1969, the Constitution (Twenty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1971, section 2 of the Constitution (Twenty-fifth Amendment) Act, 1971, the Constitution (Twenty-sixth Amendment) Act, 1971, the Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972, section 2 of the Constitution (Thirty-first Amendment) Act, 1973, section 2 of the Constitution (Thirty-third Amendment) Act, 1974, sections 2, 5, 6 and 7 of the Constitution (Thirty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1975, the Constitution (Thirty-ninth Amendment) Act, 1975, the Constitution (Fortieth Amendment) Act, 1976, sections 2, 3 and 6 of the Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985 and the Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1988 which, in addition to article 1 and article 370, shall apply in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir and the exceptions and modifications subject to which they shall so apply shall be as follows:— (1) THE PREAMBLE. (2) PART I. To article 3, there shall be added the following further proviso, namely:— "Provid ed further th at no Bill provid ing fo r in cr easing or di minish ing th e ar ea of th e St at e of J a mmu and Kash mir o r alt e ring th e n a me or bound ar y of th at St at e sh al l b e introdu ced in P arl i a ment without th e cons ent of th e Legis l atur e of th at St at e.". (3) PART II. ( a) This P art shall b e d eemed to h av e b e en appl icabl e in r el at ion to th e St at e of J a mmu and Kash mir as fro m th e 26th day of J anu ar y, 1950 . (b) To article 7, there shall be added the following further proviso, namely:— "Provided further that nothing in this article shall apply to a permanent resident of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, who, after having so migrated to the territory now included in Pakistan, returns to the territory of that State under a permit for resettlement in that State or permanent return issued by or under the authority of any law made by the Legislature of that State, and every such person shall be deemed to be a citizen of India.". (4) PART III. ( a) In arti cl e 13, r ef er en c es to th e co mmen cement of th e Constitution sh all b e constru ed as r ef er en c es to the c o mme n c e me nt of this Ord er . * * * * * ( c) In cl aus e (3) of arti cl e 16 , the r ef er en c e to the St at e sh all b e c onstru ed as not in cluding a r ef er en c e to th e St at e of J a mmu and Kash mir. (d) In arti cl e 19, for a p er iod of t w ent y-fiv e years fro m th e co mmen cemen t of this Ord er: — (i) in clauses (3) and (4), after the words "in the interests of", the words "the security of the State or" shall be inserted;
(ii) in clause (5), for the words "or for the protection of the interests of any Scheduled Tribes", the words "or in the interests of the security of the State" shall be substituted; and (iii) the following new clause shall be added, namely:— '(7) The words "reasonable restrictions" occurring in clauses (2), (3), (4) and (5) shall be construed as meaning such restrictions as the appropriate Legislature deems reasonable.'. ( e) In cl aus es (4) and (7) of articl e 22 , for th e word "P ar li ament ", th e words "th e Legisl atur e o f the Stat e" sh all b e subst itut ed . (f) In art i cl e 31 , cl aus es (3) , (4) and (6) sh all b e o mitt ed; and for cl aus e (5) , th er e sh all b e substi tut ed th e follo wing cl aus e , n a mel y:— "(5) Nothing in clause (2) shall affect— ( a) the provisions of any existing law; or (b) the provisions of any law which the State may hereafter make— (i) for the purpose of imposing or levying any tax or penalty; or (ii) for the promotion of public health or the prevention of danger to life or property; or (iii) with respect to property declared by law to be evacuee property.". (g) In arti cl e 31A, th e prov iso to cl aus e (1) sh all b e o mitt ed ; and for subcl aus e ( a) of cl aus e (2) , th e follo wing sub- cl ause sh all b e subst itut ed , n a me l y: — '(a) "estate" shall mean land which is occupied or has been let for agricultural purposes or for purposes subservient to agriculture, or for pasture, and includes— (i) sites of buildings and other structures on such land; (ii) trees standing on such land; (iii) forest land and wooded waste; (iv) area covered by or fields floating over water; (v) sites of jandars and gharats; (vi) any jagir, inam, muafi or mukarrari or other similar grant, but does not include— (i) the site of any building in any town, or town area or village abadi or any land appurtenant to any such building or site; (ii) any land which is occupied as the site of a town or village; or (iii) any land reserved for building purposes in a municipality or notified area or cantonment or town area or any area for which a town planning scheme is sanctioned.'. (h) In arti c l e 32, c l aus e (3) sh all b e o mitt ed . (i) In art i cl e 35— (i) references to the commencement of the Constitution shall be construed as references to the commencement of this Order; (ii) in clause (a) (i), the words, brackets and figures "clause (3) of article 16, clause (3) of article 32" shall be omitted; and (iii) after clause (b), the following clause shall be added, namely:— "(c) no law with respect to preventive detention made by the Legislature of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, whether before or after the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, shall be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with any of the provisions of this part, but any such law shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, cease to have effect on the expiration of twenty-five years from the commencement of the said Order, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the expiration thereof.". (j) Aft er ar ti cl e 35 , th e follo wing n ew ar ti cl e sha ll b e add ed , n ame l y: —
"35A. Saving of laws with respect to permanent residents and their rights.— Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution, no existing law in force in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and no law hereafter enacted by the Legislature of the State,— (a) defining the classes of persons who are, or shall be, permanent residents of the State of Jammu and Kashmir; or (b) conferring on such permanent residents any special rights and privileges or imposing upon other persons any restrictions as respects— (i) employment under the State Government; (ii) acquisition of immovable property in the State; (iii) settlement in the State; or (iv) right to scholarships and such other forms of aid as the State Government may provide, sh all b e void on th e ground th at it is in consi st ent with or t ak es away or abridg es an y righ ts conf erred on th e o th er cit i z ens of Ind i a b y an y provision of this P art .". (5) PART V. ( a) For th e purpos es of arti cl e 55 , th e popu l ation of th e St at e of J a mmu and Kash mir sh all be d eemed to b e six t y-thr ee l akhs . (b) In arti cl e 81, for cl aus es (2) and (3), th e fo llo wing cl aus es sh all b e subs titut ed , n a me l y: — " ( 2 ) F o r t h e p u r p o s es o f s u b - cl aus e ( a) o f cl aus e ( 1 ) ,— (a) there shall be allotted to the State six seats in the House of the People; (b) the State shall be divided into single member territorial constituencies by the Delimitation Commission constituted under the Delimitation Act, 1972, in accordance with such procedure as the Commission may deem fit; (c) the constituencies shall, as far as practicable, be geographically compact areas, and in delimiting them regard shall be had to physical features, existing boundaries of administrative units, facilities of communication and public convenience; and (d) the constituencies into which the State is divided shall not comprise the area under the occupation of Pakistan. (3) Nothing in clause (2) shall affect the representation of the State in the House of the People until the dissolution of the House existing on the date of publication in the Gazette of India of the final order or orders of the Delimitation Commission relating to the delimitation of parliamentary constituencies under the Delimitation Act, 1972. (4) (a) The Delimitation Commission shall associate with itself for the purpose of assisting it in its duties in respect of the State, five persons who shall be members of the House of the People representing the State. (b) The persons to be so associated from the State shall be nominated by the Speaker of the House of the People having due regard to the composition of the House. (c) The first nominations to be made under sub-clause (b) shall be made by the Speaker of the House of the People within two months from the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Second Amendment Order, 1974. (d) None of the associate members shall have a right to vote or to sign any decision of the Delimitation Commission. (e) If owing to death or resignation, the office of an associate member falls vacant, it shall be filled as soon as may be practicable by the Speaker of the House of the People and in accordance with the provisions of sub-clauses (a) and (b).". ( c) In ar ti cl e 133 , a ft er cl aus e (1) , th e follo wing cl aus e sh all b e ins ert ed , n a me l y: —
‘(1A) The provisions of section 3 of the Constitution (Thirtieth Amendment) Act, 1972, shall apply in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir subject to the modification that references therein to "this Act", "the commencement of this Act", "this Act had not been passed" and "as amended by this Act" shall be construed respectively as references to "the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Second Amendment Order, 1974", "the commencement of the said Order", "the said Order had not been made" and "as it stands after the commencement of the said Order’’.’. ( d ) I n art i c l e 1 3 4 , c l aus e ( 2 ) , a f t er t h e wor d s " P arl i a me n t may " , t h e wor d s "on th e r equ es t of th e Legisl atur e of th e St at e" sh al l b e ins e rt ed . ( e) Art i cl es 135 and 139 sh all b e o mi tt ed . * * * * * (5 A) P AR T VI . ( a) Arti cl es 153 to 217, ar ti cl e 219 , arti cl e 221, arti cl es 223 , 224 , 224 A and 225 and ar ticl es 227 to 237 sh al l b e o mitt ed. (b) In arti cl e 220 , r ef er en c es to th e co mmen cement of th e Constitu tion sh al l b e const rued as r ef er en c es to th e co mmen cemen t of th e Const itution ( Ap p l i c a t i o n t o J a mmu and K as h mir ) A mend me n t Ord er , 1 9 6 0 . ( c) In arti c l e 222 , a ft er cl aus e (1) , th e follo wing n ew cl au s e sha ll b e ins er t ed, n a mely: — "(1A) Every such transfer from the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir or to that High Court shall be made after consultation with the Governor.". (6) PART XI. ( a) I n art i cl e 2 4 6 , f o r t h e wor d s , b r a ck et s and f i g u r es " cl au s e s ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) " o c curring in cl aus e (1) , th e word , b r ack ets and figur e "cl aus e (2) " sh all b e subs titut ed , and th e wo rds, br ack ets and figur e " No twithst anding an ything in c l aus e (3) , " o c curring in cl au se (2) and th e who le of cl aus es (3) a nd (4) sh all b e o mitt ed . (b) For arti cl e 248 , th e following arti cl e sh all b e subst itut ed, n a mel y:— "248. Residuary powers of legislation. —Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to— (a) prevention of activities involving terrorist acts directed towards overawing the Government as by law established or striking terror in the people or any section of the people or alienating any section of the people or adversely affecting the harmony amongst different sections of the people; (aa) prevention of other activities directed towards disclaiming, questioning or disrupting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of India or bringing about cession of a part of the territory of India or secession of a part of the territory of India from the Union or causing insult to the Indian National Flag, the Indian National Anthem and this Constitution; and (b) taxes on— (i) foreign travel by sea or air; (ii) inland air travel; (iii) postal articles, including money orders, phonograms and telegrams.". Explanation.—In this article, "terrorist act" means any act or thing by using bombs, dynamite or other explosive substances or inflammable substances or firearms or other lethal weapons or poisons or noxious gases or other chemicals or any other substances (whether biological or otherwise) of a hazardous nature. (bb) In art icl e 249 , in cl aus e (1) , for th e words "an y matt er enu mer at ed in th e St at e List specif i ed in th e r esolu tion" , th e words " an y mat t er sp ecif i ed in th e r esolut ion , b e ing a matt er whi ch is not enu mer at ed in th e Union List or in th e Con curr ent Lis t" sh all b e substi tut ed .
( c) In art i cl e 250 , for th e w ords " to an y of th e ma tt ers enu me r at ed in th e St at e Li st" , th e words " also to matt ers not enu mer at ed in th e Union List " sh all b e subst itut ed . * * * * * ( e) To art i cl e 253 , th e follo wing proviso sh al l b e add ed , n a me l y: — "Provided that after the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, no decision affecting the disposition of the State of Jammu and Kashmir shall be made by the Government of India without the consent of the Government of that State.". * * * * * (f) Arti cl e 255 sh all b e o mitt ed . (g) Ar ti cl e 256 sh all b e r e-nu mb er ed as cl aus e (1) of th at art i cle, and th e fol low ing n e w cl aus e sh al l b e add ed th er eto , n ame l y: — "(2) The State of Jammu and Kashmir shall so execise its executive power as to facilitate the discharge by the Union of its duties and responsibilities under the Constitution in relation to that State; and in particular, the said State shall, if so required by the Union, acquire or requisition property on behalf and at the expense of the Union, or if the property belongs to the State, transfer it to the Union on such terms as may be agreed, or in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of India.". * * * * * (h) In cl aus e (2) of arti cl e 261 , th e wo rds "mad e b y Parli a ment" sh al l b e o mitt ed . (7) PART XII. * * * * * ( a) C l aus e ( 2 ) o f art i c l e 2 6 7 , a r t i cl e 2 7 3 , c l a u s e ( 2 ) o f art i cl e 2 8 3 an d a rt i cl e 290 sh a ll b e o mi tt ed . ( b ) I n ar t i cle s 2 6 6 , 2 8 2 , 2 8 4 , 2 9 8 , 2 9 9 an d 3 0 0 , r ef er en c es t o t h e S t at e or St at es sh all be constru ed as not in clud ing r e fer en c es to th e St at e of J a mmu and K ash mir . ( c) I n ar t i cle s 2 7 7 an d 2 9 5 , r ef er en c es t o t h e c o mme n c e me n t o f t h e Consti tution sh all b e constru ed as r ef er en c es to th e co mmen cement of this ord er .
(8) PART XIII. In cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 303 , th e words "by virtu e of an y entr y r el a ting to tr ad e and commer ce in an y of th e Lists in th e S ev enth S ch edul e" sh all b e o mitt ed . * * * * * (9) PART XIV. In article 312, after the words "the States", the brackets and words "(including the State of Jammu and Kashmir)" shall be inserted. (10) PART XV. ( a) In cl aus e (1) of arti cle 324, th e r ef er en c e to th e Constitu tion sh all , in r el a tion to el ections to ei ther Hous e of th e Legisl atur e o f J a mm u and Kash mir , b e constru ed as a r ef eren ce to th e Const itution of J a mmu and Kash mir . (b) In arti cl es 325 , 326 , 327 and 329, th e r ef e ren ce to a S t at e sh all b e constru ed as not in cluding a r efer en ce to th e Stat e of J a mmu and Ka sh mir. ( c) Arti cl e 328 sh al l b e o mitt ed. (d) In arti c l e 329 , th e words and figur es "or a rti cl e 328 " sh all b e o mitt ed . ( e) In arti c l e 329 A , cl au s es (4) a nd (5) sh all b e o mitt ed .
(11) PART XVI. * * * * * ( a) Arti cl es 331, 332 , 333 , 336 and 337 sh all b e o mitt ed . (b) In arti cl es 334 and 335 , r ef er en c es to th e Stat e or th e St at es sh all b e constru ed as not in cluding r ef eren c es to th e St at e of J a mmu and Kash mir. ( c) In cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 339 , th e wo rds "th e ad minis tr ation of th e S ch edul ed Ar eas and" sh al l b e o mitt ed . (12) PART XVII. Th e prov isions of th e P art shall appl y onl y in so f ar as th ey r el a t e to — (i) the official language of the Union; (ii) the official language for communication between one State and another, or between a State and the Union; and (iii) the language of the proceedings in the Supreme Court. (13) PART XVIII. ( a) To ar ti cl e 352 , th e follo wing n ew cl au s e sha ll b e add ed , n ame l y: — "(6) No Proclamation of Emergency made on grounds only of internal disturbance or imminent danger thereof shall have effect in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir (except as respects article 354) unless— (a) it is made at the request or with the concurrence of the Government of that State, or (b) where it has not been so made, it is applied subsequently by the President to that State at the request or with the concurrence of the Government of that State."; (b) In cl aus e (1) of arti cl e 356 , r ef er en c es to provis ions o r provis ion of thi s Cons titution sh all , in r el at ion to th e St at e of J a mmu and Kash mir , b e constru ed as in cluding r ef e ren c es to provis ions or provis ion of th e Consti tution of J a mmu and Kash mir . (bb) In cl aus e (4) of th e arti cl e 356 , aft er th e s econd proviso , the fol lowing prov iso sh all b e ins ert ed , n a me l y:— "Provided also that in the case of the Proclamation issued under clause (1) on the 18th day of July, 1990 with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the reference in the first proviso to this clause to "three years" shall be construed as a reference to “seven years". ( c) Ar t i cl e 3 6 0 s h all b e o mi t t ed . (14) PART XIX. * * * * * ( a) Arti cl e 365 sh al l b e o mitt ed. * * * * * (b) To arti cl e 367 , th er e sh all be add ed th e fo llo wing cl aus e , name l y: — "(4) For the purposes of this Constitution as it applies in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir— (a) references to this Constitution or to the provisions thereof shall be construed as references to the Constitution or the provisions thereof as applied in relation to the said State; (aa) references to the person for the time being recognised by the President on the recommendation of the Legislative Assembly of the State as the Sadar-i-Riyasat of Jammu and Kashmir, acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers of the State for the time being in office, shall be construed as references to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir;
(b) references to the Government of the said State shall be construed as including references to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir acting on the advice of his Council of Ministers: Provided that in respect of any period prior to the 10th day of April, 1965, such references shall be construed as including references to the Sadar-i-Riyasat acting on the advice of his Council of Ministers; (c) references to a High Court shall include references to the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir; * * * * * (d) references to the permanent residents of the said State shall be construed as meaning persons who, before the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 were recognised as State subjects under the laws in force in the State or who are recognised by any law made by the Legislature of the State as permanent residents of the State; and (e) references to a Governor shall include references to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir: Provided that in respect of any period prior to the 10th day of April, 1965, such references shall be construed as references to the person recognised by the President as the Sadar-i-Riyasat of Jammu and Kashmir and as including references to any person recognised by the President as being competent to exercise the powers of the Sadar-i-Riyasat.". (15) PART XX. ( a) To cl aus e (2) of arti cle 368 , th e follo wing proviso sh all b e add ed , n a me l y: — "Provided further that no such amendment shall have effect in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir unless applied by order of the President under clause (1) of article 370.". (b) Aft er cl aus e (3) of arti cl e 368 , th e follo wing cl aus e sh all be a dd ed, n a me l y: — "(4) No law made by the Legislature of the State of Jammu and Kashmir seeking to make any change in or in the effect of any provision of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir relating to— (a) appointment, powers, functions, duties, emoluments, allowances, privileges or immunities of the Governor; or (b) superintendence, direction and control of elections by the Election Commission of India, eligibility for inclusion in the electoral rolls without discrimination, adult suffrage and composition of the Legislative Council, being matters specified in sections 138, 139, 140 and 50 of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir, shall have any effect unless such law has, after having been reserved for the consideration of the President, received his assent.". (16) PART XXI. ( a) Art i c l es 3 6 9 , 3 7 1 , 3 7 1 A, 3 7 2 A , 3 7 3 , cl aus es ( 1 ) , ( 2 ) , ( 3 ) and ( 5 ) o f art i cl e 374 and art i cl es 376 to 378 A and 392 shall b e o mitt ed . (b) In arti cl e 372— (i) clauses (2) and (3) shall be omitted; (ii) references to the laws in force in the territory of India shall include references to hidayats, ailans, ishtihars, circulars, robkars, irshads, yadashts, State Council Resolutions, Resolutions of the Constituent Assembly, and other instruments having the force of law in the territory of the State of Jammu and Kashmir; and
(iii) references to the commencement of the Constitution shall be construed as references to the commencement of this Order. ( c) In cl aus e (4) of arti cl e 374 , th e r ef er en ce to th e authorit y function ing as th e Priv y Coun cil of a St at e sh al l b e const rued as a r e f er en ce to th e Advisor y Bo ard const itut ed und er th e J a mmu and Kash mir Cons titut ion Act , 1996 and r ef er en c es to th e co mmen cemen t of th e Constitu tion sh al l b e constru ed as r efer en c es to th e co mmen cement of this Ord er . (17) PART XXII. Arti cl es 394 and 395 sh all b e omi tt ed . (18) FIRST SCHEDULE. (19) SECOND SCHEDULE. * * * * * (20) THIRD SCHEDULE. For ms V , VI, VII and V III sh all b e o mi tt ed . (21) FOURTH SCHEDULE. (22) SEVENTH SCHEDULE. ( a) In th e Union L ist — (i) for entry 3, the entry "3. Administration of cantonments." shall be substituted; (ii) entries 8, 9 and 34, entry 79, and the words "Inter-State migration" in entry 81 shall be omitted; * * * * * (iii) in entry 72, the reference to the States shall be construed,— (a) in relation to appeals to the Supreme Court from any decision or order of the High Court of the State of Jammu and Kashmir made in an election petition whereby an election to either House of the Legislature of that State has been called in question, as including a reference to the State of Jammu and Kashmir; (b) in relation to other matters, as not including a reference to that State; and (iv) for entry 97, the following entry shall be substituted, namely:— "97. Prevention of activities— (a) involving terrorist acts directed towards overawing the Government as by law established or striking terror in the people or any section of the people or alienating any section of the people or adversely affecting the harmony amongst different sections of the people; (b) directed towards disclaiming, questioning or disrupting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of India or bringing about cession of a part of the territory of India or secession of a part of the territory of India from the Union or causing insult to the Indian National Flag, the Indian National Anthem and this Constitution; taxes on foreign travel by sea or air, on inland air travel and on postal articles, including money orders, phonograms and telegrams. Explanation.—In this entry, "terrorist act" has the same meaning as in the Explanation to article 248.". (b) Th e St at e List sh al l b e o mit ted . ( c) In th e Con curr ent Lis t— (i) for entry 1, the following entry shall be substituted, namely:— "1. Criminal law (excluding offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in List I and excluding the use of naval, military or air forces or any other armed forces of the Union in aid of the civil power) in so far as such criminal law relates to offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in this List.";
(ia) for entry 2, the following entry shall be substituted, namely:— "2. Criminal procedure (including prevention of offences and constitution and organisation of criminal courts, except the Supreme Court and the High Court) in so far as it relates to,— (i) offences against laws with respect to any matters being matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and (ii) administration of oaths and taking of affidavits by diplomatic and consular officers in any foreign country."; (ib) for entry 12, the following entry shall be substituted, namely:— "12. Evidence and oaths in so far as they relate to,— (i) administration of oaths and taking of affidavits by diplomatic and consular officers in any foreign country; and (ii) any other matters being matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws."; (ic) for entry 13, the entry "13. Civil procedure in so far as it relates to administration of oaths and taking of affidavits by diplomatic and consular officers in any foreign country." shall be substituted; * * * * * (ii) for entry 30, the entry “30. Vital statistics in so far as they relate to births and deaths including registration of births and deaths." shall be substituted; * * * * * (iii) entry 3, entries 5 to 10 (both inclusive), entries 14, 15, 17, 20, 21, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 37, 38, 41 and 44 shall be omitted; (iiia) for entry 42, the entry "42. Acquisition and requisitioning of property, so far as regards acquisition of any property covered by entry 67 of List I or entry 40 of List III or of any human work of art which has artistic or aesthetic value." shall be substituted; and (iv) in entry 45, for the words and figures "List II or List III", the words "this List" shall be substituted. (23) EIGHTH SCHEDULE. (24) NINTH SCHEDULE. ( a) Aft er entr y 64 , th e follo wing entri es sh all be add ed, n a mel y: — 64A. The Jammu and Kashmir State Kuth Act (No. I of Svt. 1978). 64B. The Jammu and Kashmir Tenancy Act (No. II of Svt. 1980). 64C. The Jammu and Kashmir Alienation of Land Act (No. V of Svt. 1995). * * * * * 64D. The Jammu and Kashmir Big Landed Estates Abolition Act (No. XVII of Svt. 2007). 64E. Order No. 6-H of 1951, dated the 10th March, 1951, regarding Resumption of Jagirs and other assignments of land revenue, etc. 64F. The Jammu and Kashmir Restitution of Mortgaged Properties Act, 1976 (Act XIV of 1976). 64G. The Jammu and Kashmir Debtors' Relief Act, 1976 (Act XV of 1976). (b) Entri e s 87 to 124, in s ert ed b y th e Constitu tion ( Thir t y-ninth Amend ment ) Act , 1975, sh all b e r enu mb er ed as entr i es 65 to 102 r esp e ct iv el y. ( c) Entri e s 125 to 188 sh all b e renu mb er ed as entr i es 103 to 166 r esp e ct iv el y. (25) TENTH SCHEDULE.
( a) for th e br ackets , words and figur es "Arti cl es 102(2) and 191(2) ", th e br ack ets , word and figur es "[Arti cl e 102(2) ]" shall b e subst itut ed; (b) in cl aus e ( a) of p ar agr aph 1, th e wo rds "or th e L egisl at iv e Ass e mbl y or , as th e cas e ma y be, eith er Hous e of th e Legisl atur e of a S t at e" sh al l b e o mitt ed; ( c) i n p ar ag r ap h 2 , — (i) in sub-paragraph (1), in sub-clause (ii) of clause (b) of the Explanation, the words and figures "or, as the case may be, article 188" shall be omitted; (ii) in sub-paragraph (3), the words and figures "or, as the case may be, article 188" shall be omitted; (iii) in sub-paragraph (4), the reference to the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985 shall be construed as a reference to the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Amendment Order, 1989; (d) in p ar agr aph 5, th e words "or th e Ch air man or th e Deput y Ch air man of th e Legisl at iv e Coun cil of a St at e or th e Sp ea k er or th e Deput y Sp eak er of th e L egisl at iv e A ss e mb l y o f a St at e " sh all b e o mitt ed; ( e) in sub-p ar agr aph (2) of p ar agr aph 6 , th e words and figur es "or , as th e cas e ma y b e, p ro ceedings in th e Legisl atur e of a St at e within th e mean ing of arti cl e 212’’ sh al l b e o mitt ed; (f) in sub-p ar agr aph (3) of p ar agr aph 8 , th e words and figur es "or , as th e cas e may b e, arti cl e 194 ," sh all b e o mitt ed .
APPENDIX II RE-STATEMENT, WITH REFERENCE TO THE PRESENT TEXT OF THE CONSTITUTION, OF THE EXCEPTIONS AND MODIFICATIONS SUBJECT TO WHICH THE CONSTITUTION APPLIES TO THE STATE OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR [Note.— The exceptions and modifications subject to which the Constitution applies to the `State of Jammu and Kashmir are either those provided in the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 or those consequential to the non-application to the State of Jammu and Kashmir of certain amendments to the Constitution. All the exceptions and modifications which have a practical significance are included in the re-statement which is only for facility of quick reference. For ascertaining the exact position, reference will have to be made to the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 and to the text of the Constitution on the 20th June, 1964, as amended by the subsequent amendments to the Constitution mentioned in clause 2 of the said Order.] (1) THE PREAMBLE. ( a) In th e firs t pa r agr aph , o mit "S O CI AL IST S EC U L A R "; (b) in th e p enulti ma t e p ar agr aph, o mi t "and int egri t y". (2) PART I. Article 3.— (a) Add the following further proviso, namely:— "Provided further that no Bill providing for increasing or diminishing the area of the State of Jammu and Kashmir or altering the name or boundary of that State shall be introduced in Parliament without the consent of the Legislature of that State."; (b) omit Explanation I and Explanation II. (3) PART II. (a ) Th is P art shall b e d eemed to h av e b e en appl icabl e in r el at ion to th e St at e of J a mmu and Kash mir as fro m th e 26th day of J anu ar y, 1950 . (b ) Ar ti cl e 7 . — Add th e follo wing furth er proviso , n a mel y:— "Provided further that nothing in this article shall apply to a permanent resident of the State of Jammu and Kashmir who, after having so migrated to the territory now included in Pakistan, returns to that territory of that State under a permit for resettlement in that State or permanent return issued by or under the authority of any law made by the Legislature of that State, and every such person shall be deemed to be a citizen of India.". (4) PART III. (a ) A r ti c l e 13 .— Ref e r en c es to th e co mmen c emen t of th e Const itution sh al l b e const rued as r ef er en c es to th e co mmen cemen t of th e Const itution ( Ap p l i c a t i o n t o J a mmu an d K as h mir ) Ord er , 1 9 5 4 ( C. O . 4 8 ) , i.e. , t h e 1 4 t h day of May, 1954. * * * * * (c ) A r ti c l e 16 .— In cl aus e (3) , ref er en ce to th e St at e sh all b e constru ed as not in clud ing a r ef er en ce to th e St at e of J a mmu and Kash mir. (d ) A r ti c l e 19 .— (A) In clause (1),— (i) in sub-clause (e), omit "and" at the end; (ii) after sub-clause (e), insert the following clause, namely:— "(f) to acquire, hold and dispose of property; and"; (B) in clause (5), for "sub-clauses (d) and (e)", substitute "sub-clauses (d), (e) and (f)”.
(e ) Ar ti cl e 22 .— In cl aus e s (4) and (7) , fo r "Parl i a ment ", substi tut e "th e Legisl atur e o f th e St at e". (f ) A r t i cl e 30. —O mi t cl aus e (1 A) . (g ) Af t er art icl e 30, in s ert th e follo wing , n a mely: — " Right to Prop ert y 3 1 . Compu lsor y a cquisi tion of prop ert y. —(1) N o p er son sh a ll b e d ep riv ed of his prop er t y s ave b y au thorit y of l a w. (2) No prop erty sh all b e co mpulsor il y acquir ed or r equisi tioned s av e for a publi c purpos e and s av e b y au thori t y of a l a w whi ch provid es for acquis ition or r equis itioning of th e prop ert y for an amoun t whi ch ma y b e fixed b y su ch l aw or w hi ch ma y b e de t er min ed in a cc ord an c e with su ch prin cipl e s and giv en in su ch ma n n er as ma y b e sp e cifi ed in su ch l a w; and no su ch l a w sh a ll b e c all ed in qu est ion in an y court on th e ground th at th e amount so fix ed or d et er min ed is not a d equ at e or th at th e who l e o r any p art of su ch amo unt is to b e giv en oth er wis e th an in cash: Provid ed th at in mak ing an y l aw providing for th e co mpulsor y acquis ition of a n y prop ert y of a n edu c ation al inst itution est ab lish ed and ad minis t er ed b y a mi nori t y, r ef erre d to in cl aus e (1) of arti c le 30 , th e St at e sh all e nsur e th at th e amo unt fix ed b y or d et er min ed und er su ch l a w for th e acquisi tion of su ch prop ert y i s su ch as wou ld no t r estr i ct or abrog ate th e right gu arant e ed und er that c l aus e . (2A) Wh er e a law do es no t provid e for th e tr ansf er of th e o wn ership or righ t to poss es sion o f an y p rop ert y to th e St at e or to a Corpor ation own ed o r contro ll ed b y the St at e, it sh all not b e d eemed to provid e for the co mpu lsor y acquis ition or requis itioning of prop ert y, not withs t anding th at it d epriv es an y p erson of his prop ert y. (2B) Noth ing in sub- cl aus e (f) of cl aus e (1) of art i cl e 19 sh all aff e ct an y su ch l a w as is r ef err ed to in cl aus e (2) . * * * * * (5) Nothing in clause 2 shall affect— (a ) t h e provis ions of an y ex isting l a w; or (b ) t h e p r o v i s io n s o f an y l aw whi ch t h e S t at e ma y h er e aft er ma k e— (i) for the purpose of imposing or levying any tax or penalty; or (ii) for the promotion of public health or the prevention of danger to life or property; or (iii) with respect to property declared by law to be evacuee property.". * * * * * (h ) Af t er art icl e 31, o mit th e follo wing sub-h e ading , n a mel y:— “Sa ving of C ertain La ws” (i ) A r t i cl e 3 1 A .— (A) In clause (1),— (i) for "article 14 or article 19", substitute "article 14, article 19 or article 31"; (ii) omit the first proviso to clause (1); (iii) in the second proviso omit "further"; (B) in clause (2), for sub-clause (a), substitute the following sub-clause, namely:— '(a) "estate" shall mean land which is occupied or has been let for agricultural purposes or for purposes subservient to agriculture, or for pasture, and includes— (i) sites of buildings and other structures on such land; (ii) trees standing on such land; (iii) forest land and wooded waste;
(iv) area covered by or fields floating over water; (v) sites of jandars and gharats; (vi) any jagir, inam, muafi or mukarrari or other similar grant, but does not include— (i) the site of any building in any town, or town area or village abadi or any land appurtenant to any such building or site; (ii) any land which is occupied as the site of a town or village; or (iii) any land reserved for building purposes in a municipality or notified area or cantonment or town area or any area for which a town planning scheme is sanctioned;'. (j ) A r t i cl e 31C.— This ar ti cl e is not appli c abl e to th e St at e of J a mmu and Kash mir . (k ) A r ti c l e 3 2 . — O mi t c l aus e ( 3 ) . (l ) A r t i cl e 35.— (A) References to the commencement of the Constitution shall be construed as references to the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 (C.O. 48), i.e., the 14th day of May, 1954; (B) in clause (a) (i), omit "clause (3) of article 16, clause (3) of article 32"; (C) after clause ( ), add the following clause, namely:— "(c) no law with respect to preventive detention made by the Legislature of the State of Jammu and Kashmir, whether before or after the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, shall be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with any of the provisions of this Part, but any such law shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, cease to have effect on the expiration of twenty-five years from the commencement of the said Order, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the expiration thereof.". (m ) A f t er arti cle 35, add th e follo wing art ic l e, n a me l y: — "35A. Saving of laws with respect to permanent residents and their rights.—Notwithstanding anything contained in this Constitution, no existing law in force in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, and no law hereafter enacted by the Legislature of the State,— (a) defining the classes of persons who are, or shall be, permanent residents of the State of Jammu and Kashmir; or (b) conferring on such permanent residents any special rights and privileges or imposing upon other persons any restrictions as respects— (i) employment under the State Government; (ii) acquisition of immovable property in the State; (iii) settlement in the State; or (iv) right to scholarships and such other forms of aid as the State Government may provide, shall be void on the ground that it is inconsistent with or takes away or abridges any rights conferred on the other citizens of India by any provision of this Part.". (5) PART IV.—This part is not applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (6) PART IVA.—This part is not applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (7) PART V.— (a) Art i cl e 5 5 .— (A) For the purposes of this article, the population of the State of Jammu and Kashmir shall be deemed to be sixty-three lakhs; (B) in the Explanation omit the proviso.
(b ) A r t i cl e 81 .— For cl aus es (2) and (3) , sub stitut e th e fol lowing cl aus es , n a me l y: — " ( 2 ) F o r t h e p u r p o s es o f s u b - cl aus e (a) of cl aus e (1) ,— (a) there shall be allotted to the State six seats in the House of the People; (b) the State shall be divided into single-member territorial constituencies by the Delimitation Commission constituted under the Delimitation Act, 1972, in accordance with such procedure as the Commission may deem fit; (c) the constituencies shall, as far as practicable, be geographically compact areas, and in delimiting them regard shall be had to physical features, existing boundaries of administrative units, facilities of communication and public convenience; and (d) the constituencies into which the State is divided shall not comprise the area under the occupation of Pakistan. (3) Nothing in clause (2) shall affect the representation of the State in the House of the People until the dissolution of the House existing on the date of publication in the Gazette of India of the final order or orders of the Delimitation Commission relating to the delimitation of parliamentary constituencies under the Delimitation Act, 1972. (4) (a) The Delimitation Commission shall associate with itself for the purpose of assisting it in its duties in respect of the State, five persons who shall be members of the House of the People representing the State. (b) The persons to be so associated from the State shall be nominated by the Speaker of the House of the People having due regard to the composition of the House. (c) The first nominations to be made under sub-clause (b) shall be made by the Speaker of the House of the People within two months from the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Second Amendment Order, 1974. (d) None of the associate members shall have a right to vote or to sign any decision of the Delimitation Commission. (e) If owing to death or resignation, the office of an associate member falls vacant, it shall be filled as soon as may be practicable by the Speaker of the House of the People and in accordance with the provisions of sub-clauses (a) and (b).". (c ) A r t i c l e 82 .— Omi t th e s econd and third proviso s. (d ) A r t i c l e 105 .— In cl aus e (3) , for "sh a ll b e thos e of th at House and o f its me mb e r s and commi t t e es i mme d i at e l y b efo r e the c o ming into for c e of s e ction 15 of th e Consti tution (Fort y-fourth Amend ment) Act , 1978 " substi tut e "sh a ll b e thos e of th e Hous e of Co mmons of th e P arli a me nt of th e Unit ed Kingdo m, and of it s memb ers and co mmi tt ees , at th e co mmen cement of this Consti tution ". (e ) F or arti cl e 132 , substitu t e the follo wing art icl e, n a mel y:— '132. Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.—(1) An appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court from any judgment, decree or final order of a High Court in the territory of India, whether in a civil, criminal or other proceeding, if the High Court certifies that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution. (2) Where the High Court has refused to give such a certificate, the Supreme Court may, if it is satisfied that the case involves a substantial question of law as to the interpretation of this Constitution, grant special leave to appeal from such judgment, decree or final order. (3) Where such a certificate is given, or such leave is granted, any party in the case may appeal to the Supreme Court on the ground that any such question as aforesaid has been wrongly decided and, with the leave of the Supreme Court, on any other ground. Explanation.—For the purposes of this article, the expression "final order" includes an order deciding an issue which, if decided in favour of the appellant, would be sufficient for the final disposal of the case.'. (f ) A r t i cl e 1 3 3 .— (A) In clause (1), omit "under article 134A";
(B) after clause (1), insert the following clause, namely:— ' (1A) Th e provisions of s e ction 3 of th e Constitu tion ( Thir ti eth Amend ment ) Act , 1972, sh all appl y in r el at ion to th e St at e of J ammu and Kash mir subj ect to th e mod ifi cation th at r e f er ences th er ein to "this Act ", " th e co mme n c e me n t of this A ct" , "this A ct h ad not b e en p ass ed" and "a s amen d ed b y th is Act" sh al l b e constru ed r esp ectiv el y as r ef er ences to " th e Cons titut ion ( Appli c ation to J a mmu and Kash mir) S e cond Amend ment Order , 1974", "th e co mme n cement of th e s aid Ord er ", "th e s aid Ord er h ad not b e en mad e " a nd " as i t s t ands aft er th e co mme n c e me n t of th e s aid Ord er ".' . (g ) A r t i c l e 134 .— (A) In clause (1), in sub-clause (c), omit "under article 134A"; (B) in clause (2), after "Parliament may" insert "on the request of the Legislature of the State". (h ) A r t i c l es 134A, 135 , 139 and 139 A. — Th es e art i cl es ar e no t appli c ab l e to th e St at e of J a mmu and K ash mir. (i ) A r t i cl e 1 4 5 .— I n cl aus e ( 1 ) , o mi t s u b - cl aus e ( c c) . (j ) A r t i cl e 150.— For "as th e Pr esid en t ma y, on th e advi ce of th e Co mp troll er and Aud itor- Gen er al of Indi a, pr es cr ib e" subst itut e "as th e Co mptro ll er and Auditor- Gen er a l of Indi a ma y, with th e approv al of th e Pr esid ent pr es cr ib e" . (8) PART VI. (a ) Omit arti cl es 153 to 217, arti cl e 219 , arti cl e 221, ar ti cl es 223 , 224 , 224 A a n d 2 2 5 , ar t i cl es 2 2 7 t o 2 3 3 , art i cl e 2 3 3 A an d art i cl es 2 3 4 t o 2 3 7 . (b ) Ar ti cl e 220 .— Ref er en c es to th e co mmen c emen t of th e Const itution sh al l b e constru ed as r ef er en c es to the co mmen cement of th e Constitution ( Appl i cation t o J a mmu and Ka s h mir ) A me n d me n t O r d er , 1 9 6 0 , i . e . , t h e 2 6 t h J an u ar y , 1 9 6 0 . (c ) Ar ti cl e 222 .— Aft er cl au s e (1) , ins ert th e follo wing cl au se, n a mel y:— "(1A) Every such transfer from the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir or to that High Court shall be made after consultation with the Governor.". (d ) A r ti c l e 226 .— (A) Renumber clause (2) as clause (1A); (B) omit clause (3); (C) renumber clause (4) as clause (2); and in clause (2) as so renumbered, for "this article" substitute "clause (1) or clause (1A)". (9) PART VIII.— This part is not applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (10) PART X.— This part is not applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (11) PART XI. (a ) A r ti c l e 246 .— (A) in clause (1), for "clauses (2) and (3)" substitute "clause (2)"; (B) in clause (2), omit "Notwithstanding anything in clause (3),"; (C) omit clauses (3) and (4). (b ) F or arti cl e 248 , substitu t e the follo wing art icl e, n a mel y:— '248. Residuary powers of legislation.—Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to— (a) prevention of activities involving terrorist acts directed towards overawing the Government as by law established or striking terror in the people or any section of the people or alienating any section of the people or adversely affecting the harmony amongst different sections of the people; (aa) prevention of other activities directed towards disclaiming, questioning or disrupting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of India or bringing about cession of a
part of the territory of India or secession of a part of the territory of India from the Union or causing insult to the Indian National Flag, the Indian National Anthem and this Constitution; and (b) taxes on— (i) foreign travel by sea or air; (ii) inland air travel; (iii) postal articles, including money orders, phonograms and telegrams. Explanation.— In this article, "terrorist act" means any act or thing by using bombs, dynamite or other explosive substances or inflammable substances or firearms or other lethal weapons or poisons or noxious gases or other chemicals or any other substances (whether biological or otherwise) of a hazardous nature.'. (b b ) A rti c l e 2 4 9 , i n c l aus e ( 1 ) , f o r " an y ma t t er enu me r at ed i n t h e S t at e Lis t sp ecif i ed in th e r esolu tion" , subst itut e " an y matt er sp eci fi ed in th e r esolu tion , b eing a matt er whi ch is not enumer at ed in th e Union List or in th e Con curr ent List". (c ) A r t i c l e 250 .— For "to an y of th e ma tt ers enu me r at ed in th e St at e Lis t" subs titut e " a lso to matt ers not enu mer at ed in the Un ion List" . (d ) O mi t c l aus e (d) . (e ) A r t i c l e 253 .— Add th e following proviso , name l y: — "Provided that after the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, no decision affecting the disposition of the State of Jammu and Kashmir shall be made by the Government of India without the consent of the Government of that State.". (f ) O mi t art icl e 2 5 5 . (g ) A r t i c l e 256 .— R enu mb er this arti c l e a s cl aus e (1) th er eof , and add th e fol lowing n ew cl aus e th er eto, n a me l y:— "(2) The State of Jammu and Kashmir shall so exercise its executive power as to facilitate the discharge by the Union of its duties and responsibilities under the Constitution in relation to that State; and in particular, the said State shall, if so required by the Union, acquire or requisition property on behalf and at the expense of the Union, or if the property belongs to the State, transfer it to the Union on such terms as may be agreed, or in default of agreement, as may be determined by an arbitrator appointed by the Chief Justice of India.". (h ) A r ti c l e 261 .—In cl aus e (2), o mit "mad e b y P arl i a ment ". (12) PART XII. (a ) A r t i c l es 2 6 6 , 2 8 2 , 2 8 4 , 2 9 8 , 2 9 9 and 3 0 0 . — I n t h es e a r t i cle s r ef er en c es to th e St at e or St at es sh all b e constru ed as not in cluding r ef er ences to th e St at e of J a mmu and Ka sh mir; (b ) o mi t cl aus e (2) of arti cl e 267 , arti cl e 273 , cl aus e (2) of articl e 283 and a rt i cl e 290 ; (c ) A r ti c l es 277 and 295.—In thes e arti cl es r ef er en c es to th e comme n cemen t of th e Consti tution sh al l b e constru ed as r ef er en c es to th e co mmen cemen t of th e Consti tution ( Appli cation to J ammu and Kash mir) Ord er , 1954, i . e. , t h e 1 4 t h day of May, 1954. (d ) Omi t th e sub-h e ading "C H A P T E R I V .— R I G H T T O P R O P E R T Y " and arti cl e 300A. (13) PART XIII. In arti cl e 303 , in cl aus e (1) , o mit "b y v irtu e of an y entr y r el at ing to tr ad e a nd co mme r c e in an y o f th e Li sts in th e S ev enth S ch edul e" . (14) PART XIV.
Ex cep t in ar ti cl e 312 , r ef er en ce to "St a t e" in this P art do es not in clud e th e St at e of J a mmu a nd K a sh mir. (15) PART XIVA. This Part is not applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (16) PART XV.— (a ) A r t i cl e 324.— In cl aus e (1), th e r ef er en c e to th e Constitu tion sh all , in r el a tion to el ections to ei ther Hous e of th e Legisl atur e o f J a mm u and Kash mir , b e constru ed as a r ef er en ce to the Constitu tion of J a mmu and Kash mir . (b ) A r ti cl es 325 , 326 and 3 27 .— In th es e ar ti cl es th e r ef er en ce s to a St at e sh al l b e const rued as not in cluding a r ef er en ce to th e St at e of J ammu and Kash mir . (c ) O mi t art i cl e 3 2 8 . (d ) A r t i cl e 3 2 9 . — (A) Reference to a State shall be construed as not including a reference to the State of Jammu and Kashmir; (B) omit "or article 328". (17) PART XVI. — Original clause (a) omitted and clauses (b) and (c) relettered as clauses (a) and (b). (a) Omit articles 331, 332, 333, 336 and 337. (b) Articles 334 and 335.—References to the State or the States shall be construed as not including references to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (c) Article 339, in clause (1), omit “the administration of the Scheduled Areas and”. (18) PART XVII. — The provisions of this Part shall apply to the State of Jammu and Kashmir only in so far as they relate to— (i) The official language of the Union; (ii) the official language for communication between one State and another, or between a State and the Union; and (iii) The language of the proceedings in the Supreme Court. (19) PART XVIII. (a) For article 352, substitute the following article, namely :— “352. Proclamation of Emergency.—(1) If the President is satisfied that a grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or of any part of the territory thereof is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or internal disturbance, he may, by Proclamation, make a declaration to that effect. (2) A proclamation issued under clause (1)— (a) may be revoked by a subsequent Proclamation; (b) shall be laid before each House of Parliament; (c) shall cease to operate at the expiration of two months unless before the expiration of that period it has been approved by resolutions of both Houses of Parliament: Provided that if any such Proclamation is issued at a time when the House of the People has been dissolved or the dissolution of the House of the People takes place during the period of two months referred to in sub-clause (c), and if a resolution approving the Proclamation has been passed by the Council of States but no resolution with respect to such Proclamation has been passed by the House of the People before the expiration of that period, the Proclamation shall cease to operate at the expiration of thirty days from the date on which the House of the People first sits after its reconstitution unless before the expiration of the said period of thirty days a resolution approving the Proclamation has been also passed by the House of the people. (3) A Proclamation of Emergency declaring that the security of India or of any part of the territory thereof is threatened by war or by external aggression or by internal disturbance may
be made before the actual occurrence of war or of any such aggression or disturbance if the President is satisfied that there is imminent danger thereof. (4) The power conferred on the President by this article shall include the power to issue different Proclamations on different grounds, being war or external aggression or internal disturbance or imminent danger of war or external aggression or internal disturbance, whether or not there is a Proclamation already issued by the President under clause (1) and such Proclamation is in operation. (5) Notwithstanding anything in the Constitution,— (a) the satisfaction of the President mentioned in clause (1) and clause (3) shall be final and conclusive and shall not be questioned in any court on any ground; (b) subject to the provisions of clause (2), neither the Supreme Court nor any other Court shall have jurisdiction to entertain any question, on any ground, regarding the validity of — (i) a declaration made by Proclamation by the President to the effect stated in clause (1); or (ii) the continued operation of such Proclamation. (6) No Proclamation of Emergency made on grounds only of internal disturbance or imminent danger thereof shall have effect in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir (except as respects article 354) unless— (a) it is made at the request or with the concurrence of the Government of that State; or (b) where it has not been so made, it is applied subsequently by the President to that State at the request or with the concurrence of the Government of that State.”. (b) Article 353.— Omit the proviso. (c) Article 356.— (A) In clause (1), reference to provisions or provisions of this Constitution shall, in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, be construed as including references to provisions or provision of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir; (B) in clause (4),— (i) for the opening portion, substitute the following, namely:— “A Proclamation so approved shall, unless revoked, cease to operate on the expiration of a period of six months from the date of the passing of the second of the resolutions approving the Proclamation under clause (3)”; (ii) after the second proviso, the following proviso shall be inserted, namely :— ‘Provided also that in the case of the Proclamation issued under clause (1) on the 18th day of July, 1990 with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the reference in the fist proviso to this clause to “three years” shall be construed as a reference to “seven years.’. (C) for clause (5), substitute the following clause, namely :— “(5) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, the satisfaction of the President mentioned in clause (1) shall be final and conclusive and shall not be questioned in any court on any ground.”. (d) Article 357.— For clause (2), substitute the following clause, namely :— “(2) Any law made in exercise of the power of the Legislature of the State by Parliament or the President or other authority referred to in sub-clause (a) of clause (1) which Parliament or the President or such other authority would not, but for the issue of a Proclamation under article 356, have been competent to make shall, to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect on the expiration of a period of one year after the Proclamation has ceased to operate except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the expiration of the said period, unless the provisions which shall so cease to have effect are sooner repealed or reenacted with or without modification by Act of the appropriate Legislature.”.
(e) For article 358, substitute the following article, namely :— “358. Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies.— While a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, nothing in article 19 shall restrict the power of the State as defined in Part III to make any law or to take any executive action which the State would but for the provisions contained in that Part be competent to make or to take, but any law so made shall, to the extent of the incompetency, cease to have effect as soon as the Proclamation ceases to operate, except as respects things done or omitted to be done before the law so ceases to have effect.”. (f) Article 359, — (A) in clause (1) omit “(except articles 20 and 21)”; (B) in clause (1A),— (i) omit “(except articles 20 and 21)”; (ii) omit the proviso; (C) omit clause (1B); (D) in clause (2), omit the proviso. (g) omit article 360. (20) PART XIX. (a) Article 361A.— This article is not applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (b) Omit article 365. (c) Article 367.— After clause (3), add the following clause, namely :— “(4) For the purposes of this Constitution as it applies in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir — (a) references to this Constitution or to the provisions thereof shall be construed as references to the Constitution or the provisions thereof as applied in relation to the said State; (aa) references to the person for the time being recognised by the President on the recommendation of the Legislative Assembly of the State as the Sadar-i-Riyasat of Jammu and Kashmir, acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers of the State for the time being in office, shall be construed as references to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir; (b) references to the Government of the said State shall be construed as including references to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir acting on the advice of his Council of Ministers: Provided that in respect of any period prior to the 10th day of April, 1965, such references shall be construed as including references to the Sadar-i-Riyasat acting on the advice of his Council of Ministers; (c) references to a High Court shall include references to the High Court of Jammu and Kashmir; (d) references to the permanent residents of the said State shall be construed as meaning persons who, before the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, were recognised as State subjects under the laws in force in the State or who are recognised by any law made by the Legislature of the State as permanent residents of the State; and (e) references to a Governor shall include references to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir : Provided that in respect of any period prior to the 10th day of April, 1965, such references shall be construed as references to the person recognised by the President as the Sadar-i-Riyasat of Jammu and Kashmir and as including references to any person recognised by the President as being competent to exercise the powers of the Sadar-I-Riyasat. (21) PART XX.
Article 368.— (a) in clause (2), add the following further proviso, namely:— “Provided further that no such amendment shall have effect in relation to the State of Jammu and Kashmir unless applied by order of the President under clause (1) of article 370.”; (b) omit clauses (4) and (5) and after clause (3) add the following clause, namely :— “(4) No law made by the Legislature of the State of Jammu and Kashmir seeking to make any change in or in the effect of any provision of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir relating to:— (a) appointment, powers, functions, duties, emoluments, allowances, privileges or immunities of the Governor; or (b) superintendence, direction and control of elections by the Election Commission of India, eligibility for inclusion in the electoral rolls without discrimination, adult suffrage and composition of the Legislative Council, being matters specified in sections 138, 139, 140 and 50 of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir, shall have any effect unless such law has, after having been reserved for the consideration of the President, received his assent.”.
(22) PART XXI.— (a) Omit articles 369, 371, 371A, 372A, 373 and articles 376 to 378A and 392. (b) Article 372.— (A) Omit clauses (2) and (3) ; (B) references to the laws in force in the territory of India shall include references to hidayats, ailans, ishtihars, circulars, robkars, irshads, yadashts, State Council Resolutions, Resolutions of the Constituent Assembly, and other instruments having the force of law in the territory of the State of Jammu and Kashmir; (C) references to the commencement of the Constitution shall be construed as references to the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 (C.O.48), i.e., the 14th day of May, 1954. (c) Article 374. — (A) Omit clauses (1), (2), (3) and (5); (B) in clause (4), the reference to the authority functioning as the Privy Council of a State shall be construed as a reference to the Advisory Board constituted under the Jammu and Kashmir Constitution Act, Svt. 1996, and references to the commencement of the Constitution shall be construed as references to the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, i.e., the 14th day of May, 1954. (23) PART XXII.—Omit articles 394 and 395. (24) THIRD SCHEDULE.—Omit forms V,VI,VII and VIII. (25) FIFTH SCHEDULE.—This Schedule is not applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir, (26) SIXTH SCHEDULE.—This Schedule is not applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir. (27) SEVENTH SCHEDULE.— (a) List I —Union List:— (A) Omit entry 2A; (B) for entry 3, substitute the following entry, namely :— “3. Administration of cantonments.”:
(C) omit entries 8, 9, 34 and 79; (D) in entry 72, the reference to the States shall be construed.— (i) in relation to appeals to the Supreme Court from any decision or order of the High Court of the State of Jammu and Kashmir made in an election petition whereby an election to either House of the Legislature of that State has been called in question, as including a reference to the State of Jammu and Kashmir; (ii) in relation to other matters, as not including a reference to that State; (E) in entry 81, omit “Inter-State migration”; (F) for entry 97, substitute the following entry, namely :— ‘97. Prevention of activities— (a) involving terrorist acts directed towards overawing the Government as by law established or striking terror in the people or any section of the people or alienating any section of the people or adversely affecting the harmony amongst different sections of the people; (b) directed towards disclaiming, questioning or disrupting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of India or bringing about cession of a part of the territory of India or secession of a part of the territory of India from the Union or causing insult to the Indian National flag, the Indian National Anthem and this Constitution; taxes on foreign travel by sea or air, on inland air travel and on postal articles, including money orders, phonograms and telegrams. Explanation.— In this entry, “terrorist act” has the same meaning as in the Explanation to article 248.’. (b) Omit List II—State List. (c) List III— Concurrent List.— (A) For entry 1, substitute the following entry, namely :— “1. Criminal law (excluding offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in List I and excluding the use of naval, military or air forces or any other armed forces of the Union in aid of the civil power) in so far as such criminal law relates to offences against laws with respect to any of the matters specified in this List.”; (B) for entry 2, substitute the following entry, namely:— “2. Criminal procedure (including prevention of offences and constitution and organisation of criminal courts, except the Supreme Court and the High Court) in so far as it relates to,— (i) offences against laws with respect to any matters being matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws; and (ii) administration of oaths and taking of affidavits by diplomatic and consular officers in any foreign country.”; (C) omit entry 3, entries 5 to 10 (both inclusive), entries 14, 15, 17, 20, 24, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 37, 38, 41 and 44; (D) entries 11A, 17A, 17B, 20A and 33A are not applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir; ( E) for entry 12, substitute the following entry, namely :— “12. Evidence and oaths in so far as they relate to,— (i) administration of oaths and taking of affidavits by diplomatic and consular officers in any foreign country; and (ii) any other matter being matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws.”; (F) for entry 13, substitute the following entry, namely :— “13. Civil procedure in so far as it relates to administration of oaths and taking of affidavits by diplomatic and consular officers in any foreign country.”;
(G) for entry 25, substitute the following entry, namely :— “25. Vocational and technical training of labour.”; (H) for entry 30, substitute the following entry, namely:— “30. Vital statistics in so far as they relate to births and deaths including registration of births and deaths.”; (I) for entry 42, substitute the following entry, namely:— “42 Acquisition and requisitioning of property, so far as regards acquisition of any property covered by entry 67 of List I or entry 40 of List III or of any human work of art which has artistic or aesthetic value.”; (J) in entry 45, for “List II or List III” substitute “this List”. (28) NINTH SCHEDULE.— (a) After entry 64, add the following entries, namely :— “64A. The Jammu and Kashmir State Kuth Act (No. 1 of Svt.1978). 64B. The Jammu and Kashmir Tenancy Act (No. II of Svt. 1980). 64C. The Jammu and Kashmir Alienation of Land Act (No. V of Svt. 1995). 64D. The Jammu and Kashmir Big Landed Estates Abolition Act (No. XVII of Svt. 2007). 64E. Order No. 6-H of 1951, dated the 10th March, 1951, regarding Resumption of Jagirs and other assignments of land revenue, etc. 64F. The Jammu and Kashmir Restitution of Mortgaged Properties Act, 1976 (Act XIV of 1976). 64G. The Jammu and Kashmir Debtors’ Relief Act, 1976 (Act XV of 1976).”. (b) entries 65 to 86 are not applicable to the State of Jammu and Kashmir; (c) after entry 86, insert the following entry, namely:— “87. The Representation of the People Act, 1951 (Central Act 43 of 1951), the Representation of the People (Amendment) Act, 1974 (Central Act 58 of 1974) and the Election Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975 (Central Act 40 of 1975).”; (d) after entry 91, insert the following entry, namely:— “92. The maintenance of Internal Security Act, 1971 (Central Act 26 of 1971).”; (e) after entry 129, insert the following entry, namely :— “130. The Prevention of Publication of Objectionable Matter Act, 1976 (Central Act 27 of 1976).”; (f) after insertion of the entries 87, 92 and 130 as indicated above, renumber entries 87 to 188 as entries 65 to 166 respectively. (29) TENTH SCHEDULE.— (a) for the brackets, words and figures “[Articles 102(2) and 191(2)]”, the brackets, word and figures “[Article 102(2)]” shall be substituted; (b) in clause (a) of paragraph 1, the words “or the Legislative Assembly or, as the case may be, either House of the Legislature of a State” shall be omitted; (c) in paragraph 2,— (i) in sub-paragraph (1), in sub-clause (ii) of clause (b) of the Explanation, the words and figures “or, as the case may be, article 188” shall be omitted; (ii) in sub-paragraph (3), the words and figures “or, as the case may be, article 188” shall be omitted; (iii) in sub-paragraph (4), the reference to the commencement of the Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985 shall be construed as a reference to the commencement of the Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Amendment Order, 1989;
(d) in paragraph 5, the words “or the Chairman or the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council of a State or the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of a State” shall be omitted; (e) in sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 6, the words and figures “or, as the case may be, proceedings in the Legislature of a State within the meaning of article 212” shall be omitted; (f) in sub-paragraph (3) of paragraph 8, the words and figures “or, as the case may be, article 194,” shall be omitted.
APPENDIX-III EXTRACTS FROM THE CONSTITUTION (FORTY-FOURTH AMENDMENT) ACT, 1978 *
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(2) It shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint and different dates may be appointed for different provisions of this Act. *
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3. Amendment of article 22.— In article 22 of the Constitution,— (a) for clause (4), the following clause shall be substituted, namely:— ‘(4) No law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than two months unless an Advisory Board constituted in accordance with the recommendations of the Chief Justice of the appropriate High Court has reported before the expiration of the said period of two months that there is in its opinion sufficient cause for such detention: Provided that an Advisory Board shall consist of a Chairman and not less than two other members, and the Chairman shall be a serving Judge of the appropriate High Court and the other members shall be serving or retired Judges of any High Court: Provided further that nothing in this clause shall authorise the detention of any person beyond the maximum period prescribed by any law made by Parliament under sub-clause (a) of clause (7). Explanation.— In this clause, “appropriate High Court” means,— (i) in the case of the detention of a person in pursuance of an order of detention made by the Government of India or an officer or authority subordinate to that Government, the High Court for the Union territory of Delhi; (ii) in the case of the detention of a person in pursuance of an order of detention made by the Government of any State (other than a Union territory), the High Court for that State; and (iii) in the case of the detention of a person in pursuance of an order of detention made by the administrator of a Union territory or an officer or authority subordinate to such administrator, such High Court as may be specified by or under any law made by Parliament in this behalf.’; (b) in clause (7),— (i) sub-clause (a) shall be omitted; (ii) sub-clause (b) shall be re-lettered as sub-clause (a); and (iii) sub-clause (c) shall be re-lettered as sub-clause (b) and in the sub-clause as so re-lettered, for the words, brackets, letter and figure “sub-clause (a) of clause (4)” , the word, brackets and figure “clause (4)” shall be substituted. *
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APPENDIX-IV
THE CONSTITUTION (EIGHTY-SIXTH AMENDMENT) ACT, 2002 [12th December, 2002] An Act further to amend the Constitution of India.
BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-third year of the Republic of India as follows:1. Short title and commencement.—(1) This Act may be called the Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002. (2) It shall come into force on such date* as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint. 2. Insertion of new article 21A.—After article 21 of the Constitution, the following article shall be inserted, namely:-“21A. Right to education.—The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine.”. 3. Substitution of new article for article 45.—For article 45 of the Constitution, the following article shall be substituted, namely:-“45. Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.—The State shall endeavour to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.”. 4. Amendment of article 51A.—In article 51A of the Constitution, after clause (j), the following clause shall be added, namely:-“(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the ago of six and fourteen years.”.
___________________________________________________________________ *Date yet to be notified.
APPENDIX-V THE CONSTITUTION (EIGHTY-EIGHTH AMENDMENT) ACT, 2003
[15th January, 2004.] An Act further to amend the Constitution of India. BE it enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-fourth Year of the Republic of India as follows:-1. Short title and Commencement.—(1) This Act may be called the Constitution (Eightyeighth Amendment) Act, 2003. (2) It shall come into force on such date* as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint. 2. Insertion of new article 268A.—After article 268 of the Constitution, the following article shall be inserted, namely:-“268A. Service tax levied by Union and collected and appropriated by the Union and the States.—(1) Taxes on services shall be levied by the Government of India and such tax shall be collected and appropriated by the Government of India and the States in the manner provided in clause (2). (2) The proceeds in any financial year of any such tax levied in accordance with the provisions of clause (1) shall be— (a) collected by the Government of India and the States;
(b) appropriated by the Government of India and the States, in accordance with such principles of collection and appropriation as may be formulated by Parliament by law.”. 3. Amendment of article 270.—In article 270 of the Constitution, in clause (1), for the words and figures “articles 268 and 269”, the words, figures and letter “articles 268, 268A and 269” shall be substituted. 4. Amendment of Seventh Schedule.—In the Seventh Schedule to the Constitution, in List I– Union List, after entry 92B, the following entry shall be inserted, namely:-“92C. Taxes on services.”.
_________________________________ *Date yet to be notified.
INDEX ARTICLE/SCHEDULE A ABOLITION — of privy purses .................................................................................... 363A. ACCOUNTS— Form of—of the Union and States...................................................... 150. ACQUISITION— of estates, etc., saving of laws providing for .................................... 31A. of property, compulsory …………………………………………… Sch. VII, List III-42. amount for—of any property of an educational institution established and administered by a minority ................................... 30(1A). ACTS— Validation of certain—and Regulations ........................................... 31B, Sch. IX. ADAPTATION OF LAWS—See PRESIDENT. ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE..................................................... Sch. VII, List III-11A. ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONS between the Union and States ................................................................................... 256—262. ADMINISTRATOR— appointment of—for Union territory ................................................ 239(1). power of—of Union territory to promulgate Ordinances................. …239B. ADMINISTRATOR-GENERAL ......................................................... Sch. VII, List III-11. ADMIRALTY jurisdiction VII, List I-95. ADOPTION Sch. VII, List III-5. ADULTERATION OF FOODSTUFFS, ETC. .................................... Sch. VII, List III-18. ADULT SUFFRAGE—See ELECTIONS. ADVISORY BOARD—See PREVENTIVE DETENTION. ADVOCATE-GENERAL— appointment of .................................................................................. 165(1). duties of............................................................................................. 165(2). qualifications for appointment of .................................................... 165(1). remuneration, etc., of ........................................................................ 165(3). right of—to take part in proceedings of State Legislature ............... 177. term of office of ................................................................................ 165(3). AERODROMES................................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-29. definition of....................................................................................... 364(2). regulation and organisation of air traffic and of............................... Sch. VII, List I-29. special provision as to extension of laws to ..................................... 364(1). AERONAUTICAL EDUCATION, ETC. ............................................ Sch. VII, List I-29. AGRICULTURAL INCOME, definition of ........................................ 366(1). AGRICULTURAL INDEBTEDNESS, relief of ................................. Sch. VII, List II-30. AGRICULTURE .................................................................................. Sch. VII, List II-14. AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, organisation of .................................................................................. 48. ALIENS ................................................................................................ Sch. VII, List I-17. ALL-INDIA SERVICES—See SERVICES. AMMUNITION—See ARMS. ANCIENT AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS AND RECORDS ......................................................................................... ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS, territory of ...................... ANDHRA PRADESH— allocation of seats in the Council of States to................................... establishment of Central University in ............................................. special provision for the Legislative Assembly of ........................... special provisions with respect to the State of.................................. State of .............................................................................................. ANGLO-INDIANS—
Sch. VII, List I-67. Sch. I. Sch. IV. 371E. 378A. 371D. Sch. I.
definition of....................................................................................... educational grants for benefit of....................................................... special provisions re:— appointment of—to certain services ................................................. nomination of—to the House of the People ..................................... representation of—in State Legislative Assembly ........................... special representation of—to cease after 60 years ........................... ANIMALS— prevention of cruelty to..................................................................... protection of wild—and birds........................................................... ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT— before Parliament.............................................................................. before State Legislature .................................................................... ARBITRATION ................................................................................... ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES AND REMAINS— of national importance ...................................................................... Others................................................................................................ ARMED FORCES— court or tribunal constituted under law relating to—High Court has no power of superintendence over ................................ deployment of armed forces or other forces of—, in any State in aid of the civil power ................................................................ Fundamental Rights : Parliament may restrict or abrogate, in their application to ........................................................................ Judgment, determination, sentence or order of court or tribunal constituted under law relating to—Supreme Court has no power to interfere ............................................................ of Union ......................................................................................... ARMS, FIREARMS, AMMUNITION AND EXPLOSIVES ............. ARTICLE, definition of........................................................................ ARUNACHAL PRADESH— allocation of seats in the Council of States to................................... special provision with respect to the State of ................................... territory of ......................................................................................... ASSAM— allocation of seats in the Council of States to................................... formation of an autonomous State in................................................ special provision with respect to the State of ................................... State of .............................................................................................. ASSOCIATIONS, literary, scientific and religious ............................. ATOMIC ENERGY ............................................................................. ATTORNEY-GENERAL— appointment of .................................................................................. duties of............................................................................................. right of audience in all courts of....................................................... right of—to take part in proceedings in Parliament ......................... salary and allowances, etc., of .......................................................... AUDIT OF UNION AND STATE ACCOUNTS ................................ AUDITOR-GENERAL—See COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL
366(2). 337. 336. 331. 333. 334. Sch. VII, List III-17. Sch. VII, List III-17B. 112. 202. Sch. VII, List III-13. Sch. VII, List I-67. Sch. VII, List III-40.
227(4). Sch. VII, List I-2A. 33.
136(2). Sch. VII, List I-2. Sch. VII, List I-5. 366(3). Sch. IV. 371 H. Sch. I. Sch. IV. 244A. 371B. Sch. I. Sch. VII, List II-32. Sch. VII, List I-6. 76(1). 76(2). 76(3). 88. 76(4). Sch. VII, List I-76.
B BACKWARD CLASSES— Commission to investigate the conditions of.................................. making of special provisions for the advancement of ................... reservation of appointments, etc., for ............................................ BANKING ............................................................................................ BANKING CORPORATIONS ............................................................ BANKRUPTCY AND INSOLVENCY...............................................
340. 15(4). 16(4). Sch. VII, List I-45. Sch. VII, List I-43. Sch. VII, List III-9.
BEACONS............................................................................................ BETTING AND GAMBLING............................................................. BHARAT—See INDIA. BIHAR— allocation of seats in the Council of States to................................... Legislative Council for ..................................................................... State of .............................................................................................. BILLS— affecting taxation in which States are interested, prior recommendation of President ...................................................... appropriation— in Parliament................................................................................ in State Legislature ...................................................................... assent to— by Governor ................................................................................. by President.................................................................................. financial— special provisions as to— in Parliament................................................................................ in State Legislature ...................................................................... introduction, passing and lapsing of— in joint sitting............................................................................. in Parliament.............................................................................. in State Legislature .................................................................... Money—in Parliament— definition of ............................................................................... procedure in respect of.............................................................. Money—in State Legislature— BILLS—contd.. definition of ............................................................................ procedure in respect of ........................................................... reservation of—by Governor for President ............................ BILLS OF EXCHANGE—cheques, promissory notes, etc................. BIRTHS AND DEATHS...................................................................... BOILERS.............................................................................................. BONA VACANTIA, right to property accruing as ................................ BOOKS ................................................................................................. BORROWING, definition of................................................................ See also FINANCE
Sch. VII, List I-26. Sch. VII, List II-34.
Sch. IV. 168. Sch. I.
274. 114. 204. 200. 111.
117. 207. 100 & 108. 107. 196. 110 109.
199. 198. 201. Sch. VII, List I-46. Sch. VII, List III-30. Sch. VII, List III-37. 296. Sch. VII, List III-39. 366(4).
BORSTAL INSTITUTIONS................................................................ BRIDGES AND FERRIES................................................................... BROADCASTING ............................................................................... BURIALS AND BURIAL GROUNDS ...............................................
Sch. VII, List II-4. Sch. VII, List II-13. Sch. VII, List I-31. Sch. VII, List II-10.
CANALS .............................................................................................. CANTONMENTS ................................................................................ CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS AND GOODS— by air, rail or sea ............................................................................... on inland waterways ......................................................................... CASES, TRANSFER OF— relating to same question of law ....................................................... CENSUS ............................................................................................... CERTIORARI power of High Court to issue........................................................... CHANDIGARH, territory of ................................................................ CHARITIES.......................................................................................... CHHATTISGARH— allocation of seats in the Council of States to ……………. ………
Sch. VII, List II-17. Sch. VII, List I-3.
C
Sch. VII, List I-30. Sch. VII, List III-32. 139A. Sch. VII, List I-69. 226. Sch. I. Sch. VII, List III-28. Sch. IV
State of ……………………………………………………………. CHIEF JUSTICE— of High Court—See HIGH COURT. of Supreme Court—See SUPREME COURT. CHIEF MINISTER— appointment of .................................................................................. Council of Ministers,—is head of..................................................... duty of—to furnish information, etc., to Governor .......................... CHILDREN— employment of—See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. free and compulsory education for—State to provide..................... CINEMAS ............................................................................................ CINEMATOGRAPH FILMS— sanction of—for exhibition............................................................... CITIZENS OF INDIA, persons voluntarily acquiring citizenship of a foreign State, not to be ...................................................... CITIZENSHIP ...................................................................................... at the commencement of the Constitution ........................................ CITIZENSHIP—contd. Parliament to regulate—by law ........................................................ right of— continuance of............................................................................... of migrants from Pakistan............................................................. of migrants to Pakistan ................................................................ of persons of Indian origin residing outside India....................... CIVIL CODE, uniform for all citizens................................................. CIVIL PROCEDURE........................................................................... CLAUSE, definition of......................................................................... COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY..................................................... COLONIZATION ................................................................................ COMMERCE—See TRADE, COMMERCE, ETC. COMMERCIAL MONOPOLIES, combines and trusts ...................... COMMUNICATIONS— posts and telegraphs, etc. .................................................................. roads, municipal tramways, etc. ....................................................... COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL ................................ administrative expenses of—to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.................................................................................. appointment of .................................................................................. audit reports by ................................................................................. conditions of service, etc., of............................................................ duties and powers of ......................................................................... ineligibility for future appointment of .............................................. oath of office by............................................................................... power of—to give direction re: manner of keeping accounts ......... removal from office of..................................................................... salary, etc., of.................................................................................... transitional period, special provisions as to...................................... CONCURRENT LIST.......................................................................... CONSOLIDATED FUND— of India—See FINANCE. of States—See FINANCE. CONSTITUTION OF INDIA, the— amendment of—power of Parliament to amend and procedure therefor........................................................................ authoritative text of—, in the Hindi language ................................. commencement of............................................................................ interpretation of—, provisions of General Clauses Act to
Sch. I.
164. 163. 167.
45. Sch. VII, List II-33. Sch. VII, List I-60. 9. Sch. VII, List I-17. 5. 11. 10. 6. 7. 8. 44. Sch. VII, List III-13. 366(5). 75(3). Sch. VII, List II-18. Sch. VII, List III-21. Sch. VII, List I-31. Sch. VII, List II-13. Sch. VII, List I-75. 148(6). 148(1). 151. 148(5). 149. 148(4). 148(2). 150. 148(1). 148(3), Sch. II, Pt. E. 377. Sch. VII, List III.
368. 394A. 394.
apply to........................................................................................... Short title.......................................................................................... CONSULAR REPRESENTATION..................................................... CONTEMPT OF COURT— of courts other than the Supreme Court........................................... power of State to make laws relating to .......................................... See also HIGH COURT and SUPREME COURT. CONTINENTAL SHELF— things lying in territorial waters or—vest in the Union.................... CONTINGENCY FUND—See FINANCE. CONTRACTS— by the Union or States to be made in the name of the President or Governor.................................................................................... other than those relating to agricultural land ................................... CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES ............................................................ CO-ORDINATION between States ..................................................... COPYRIGHT........................................................................................ CORPORATIONS— incorporation, regulation and winding up— of trading—, including banking, insurance and financial ............. of—, whether trading or not, with objects not confined to one State......................................................................................... of—, other than above, and universities ...................................... municipal ......................................................................................... CORPORATION TAX, definition of................................................... See also FINANCE. CORRESPONDING— Province, Indian State, State, etc., definition of ............................. COTTAGE INDUSTRIES, State to promote....................................... COUNCIL OF MINISTERS— for States— advice to Governor by—. No court to enquire into .................... Chief Minister—See CHIEF MINISTER. collective responsibility of................................................................ functions of ....................................................................................... Ministers— appointment of............................................................................ oath of office and secrecy by...................................................... right of—to take part in the proceedings of either House .......... salaries, etc., of ........................................................................... for the Union— advice to President by—. No court to enquire into.................... collective responsibility of ......................................................... functions of................................................................................. Ministers— appointment of ............................................................................. oath of office and secrecy by....................................................... qualifications for the office of ..................................................... right of—to take part in proceedings of either House .................. salaries, etc., of............................................................................................................................................................ Prime Minister—See PRIME MINISTER. COUNCIL OF STATES— allocation of seats in ........................................................................
Chairman of— not to preside while a resolution for his removal is under
367. 393. Sch. VII, List I-11. Sch. VII, List III-14. 19(2).
297.
299. Sch. VII, List III-7. Sch. VII, List II-32. 263. Sch. VII, List I-49.
Sch. VII, List I-43. Sch. VII, List I-44. Sch. VII, List II-32. Sch. VII, List II-5. 366(6).
366(7). 43.
163(3). 164(2). 163(1). 164(1). 164(3). 177. 164(5), Sch. VII, List II-40. 74(2). 75(3). 74. 75(1). 75(4). 75(5). 88. 75(6), Sch. VII, List I-75.
80(2), Sch. IV.
consideration............................................................................. salaries, etc., of ..........................................................................
92. 97, Sch. II, Part C, Sch. VII, List I-73. Vice-President of India to be ex officio .................................... 64, 89(1). composition of .................................................................................. 80. decision of—by majority .................................................................. 100(1). Deputy Chairman of— acts for Chairman .......................................................................... 91. choosing of .................................................................................... 89(2). not to preside while a resolution for his removal is under consideration ................................................................................. 92. removal from office of .................................................................. 90(c). resignation of office by ................................................................. 90(b). salaries, etc., of.............................................................................. 97, Sch. II, Part C, Sch. VII, List I-73. vacation of office by...................................................................... 90(a). vote, casting................................................................................... 100. duration of ..................................................................................... 83(1). quorum for a meeting of................................................................ 100(3) & (4). rules of procedure.......................................................................... 118. secretarial staff of .......................................................................... 98(1). See also PARLIAMENT. COURTS— additional—, creation of .................................................................. 247. continuance of functions.................................................................. 375. jurisdiction and powers of—in respect of matters in List I……… Sch. VII, List I-95. Other than High Courts and Supreme Court, constitution and organisation of........................................................................... Sch, VII, List II-3. other than Supreme Court, jurisdiction and powers of— in respect of matters in Concurrent List ....................................... Sch. VII, List III-46. in respect of matters in State List ................................................. Sch. VII, List II-65. COURTS OF WARDS— for estates of Rulers ......................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-34. for other estates................................................................................. Sch. VII, List II-22. COWS, SLAUGHTER OF, State to prohibit....................................... 48. CREMATIONS AND CREMATION GROUNDS ............................. Sch. VII, List II-10. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE…………………………………………. Sch. VII, List III-2. CRIMINAL LAW ................................................................................ Sch. VII, List III-1. CURRENCY, COINAGE AND LEGAL TENDER............................ Sch. VII, List I-36. CUSTOMS— duties, See FINANCE. frontiers, etc. ..................................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-41. D DADRA AND NAGAR HAVELI, territory of.................................... DAMAN AND DIU, territory of .......................................................... DEBT— definition of...................................................................................... public—of the States........................................................................ public—of the Union ...................................................................... DEFENCE OF INDIA..................................................................... industries necessary for the purpose of............................................ preventive detention for reasons connected with ................................. DEFINITION OF— certain expressions........................................................................... “Consolidated Fund”— of India ............................................................................................. of the State .......................................................................................
Sch. I. Sch. I.
366(8). Sch. VII, List II-43. Sch. VII, List I-35. Sch. VII, List I-1. Sch. VII, List I-7. Sch. VII, List I-9. 366. 266(1). 266(1).
“Contingency Fund”— of India ..................................................................................... of the State................................................................................ “Indian State”........................................................................... “Money Bill”— in State Legislature ..................................................................... in Parliament............................................................................... “net proceeds”............................................................................. “Ruler”........................................................................................ “Scheduled Areas”...................................................................... “State” for purposes of Part III................................................... “State” for purposes of Part IV................................................... DELHI— allocation of seats in the Council of States to................................... territory of ......................................................................................... DEVASWOM FUND— annual payments to .......................................................................... in the State of Kerala ...................................................................... in the State of Tamil Nadu............................................................... DEVELOPMENT BOARDS— establishment of separate—for parts of Maharashtra and Gujarat ......................................................................................... DIPLOMATIC REPRESENTATION................................................. DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY............................... agriculture and animal husbandry, State to organise....................... application of ................................................................................... assistance in case of unemployment, old age, etc., State, to provide ............................................................................. Civil Code, uniform for all citizens, State to secure........................ cottage industries, State to promote................................................. cows, etc., slaughter of, State to prohibit......................................... education, free and compulsory for children, State to provide ........................................................................................... equal justice and free legal aid......................................................... international peace and security, etc., State to promote ..................
267(1). 267(2). 363(2)(a). 199. 110. 279(1). 363(2)(b). Sch. V, Part C, Para 6. 12. 36. Sch. IV. Sch. I. 290A. 290A. 290A.
371(2). Sch. VII, List I-11. Part IV. 48. 37. 41. 44. 43. 48. 45. 39A. 51.
DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY—contd.. judiciary, separation of, from executive, State to take steps for......................................................................................... 50. just and humane conditions of work, State to secure ...................... 42. level of nutrition and standard of living, raising of, State to regard as its primary duty .............................................................. 47. living wage, etc., for workers, State to secure................................. 43. maternity relief, State to make provision for securing .................... 42. monuments, etc., State to protect..................................................... 49. participation of workers in management of industry....................... 43A. principles of policy to be followed by the State .............................. 39. prohibition of intoxicating drinks and drugs, State to bring about ....................................................................................... 47. right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, etc., State to secure .................................. 41. saving of laws giving effect to certain............................................. 31C. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, etc., State to protect from social injustice and exploitation.................................. 46. the State, definition of, for the purposes of Part IV......................... 36. village panchayats, State to organise............................................... 40. DISEASES AND PESTS— prevention of extension of—from one State to another
DISPLACED PERSONS, relief and rehabilitation of.......................... DISPUTES— industrial and labour .......................................................................... DISQUALIFICATION— decision on questions as to disqualifications of members................. DISTRICT BOARDS ........................................................................... DISTRICT JUDGES— appointment of ................................................................................... recruitment of persons other than—to judicial service...................... validation of appointment, etc., of certain ......................................... DOUBLE JEOPARDY......................................................................... DIVORCE............................................................................................. DRUGS ................................................................................................. DUTIES— Fundamental...................................................................................... See also under FINANCE. DUTY OF UNION— to promote spread of Hindi language ................................................ to protect States against aggression and disturbances .......................
Sch. VII, List III-27. Sch. VII, List III-22. 103 & 192. Sch. VII, List II-5. 233. 234. 233A. 20(2). Sch. VII, List III-5. Sch. VII, List III-19. 51A.
351. 355.
E EDUCATION ....................................................................................... Sch. VII, List III-25. free and compulsory—for children— See DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES. See also UNIVERSITY. in mother-tongue in primary stage................................................... 350A. institutions for— higher education, co-ordination and determination of standards........................................................................................ Sch. VII, List I-66. professional, vocational, etc., training .......................................... Sch. VII, List I-65. scientific and technical.................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-64. ELECTIONS......................................................................................... Part XV. adult suffrage .................................................................................... 326. Election Commission............................................................................ 324, Sch. VII, List I-72. Commissioners— appointment of Chief Election and other Election........................ 324(2) & (3). conditions of services, etc., of....................................................... 324(5). Regional ........................................................................................ 324(4). removal from office of .................................................................. 324(5) Provisos. constitution of................................................................................ 324(2). Governor to consult—on questions of disqualification of a member of State Legislature ...................................................... 192(2). President to consult-on questions of disqualification of a member of Parliament................................................................ 103(2). staff of .............................................................................................. 324(6). superintendence, direction and control of elections to vest in ........................................................................................... 324(1). elections to Parliament and State Legislatures, power of Parliament to make laws relating to ............................................ 327, Sch. VII, List I-72. elections to State Legislatures, power of State Legislature to make laws relating to............................................................... 328, Sch. VII, List II-37. electoral matters, bar to interference by courts in ........................... 329. electoral roll, to be general .............................................................. 325. readjustment of territorial constituencies after each census............................................................................................. 82. suffrage, adult ................................................................................... 326. ELECTRICITY, taxes on —See under FINANCE. EMERGENCY— financial—
directions to StateS in case of ....................................................... 360(3). proclamation in case of ................................................................. 360(1). revocation, etc., of ......................................................................... 360(2). freedom of speech, etc., right to, suspension of provisions re: during .................................................................................... 358. Fundamental rights, suspension of the enforcement of, during ........................................................................................ 359. See also under FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. Proclamation of................................................................................ 352. definition of...................................................................................... 366(18). duration of........................................................................................ 352(4) & (5). effect of ............................................................................................ 353. laying of—before each House of Parliament .................................. 352(4). revocation of ................................................................................... 352(2) & (7). EMERGENCY PROVISIONS— Proclamation of, in the case of failure of constitutional machinery in a State......................................................................... 356. duration of........................................................................................ 356(4). laying of—before each House of Parliament .................................. 356(3). legislative powers, exercise of, during ............................................ 357. revocation, variation, etc., of ........................................................... 356(2). provisions re: distribution of revenues, application of, during ............................................................................................. 354. EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT ...................................... Sch. VII, List III-23. ENDOWMENTS, charitable and religious .......................................... Sch. VII, List III-28. ENEMY ALIEN— no protection to—against arrest and detention................................ 22(3). ENTERTAINMENTS AND AMUSEMENTS .................................... Sch. VII, List II-33. ENTRUSTMENT OF STATE FUNCTIONS—on Union.................. 258A. ENVIRONMENT, protection and improvement of ............................. 48A. EQUALITY— of opportunity for public employment............................................. 16(3). of status and opportunity, securing of right to, before law.............. Preamble, 14. See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS ESCHEAT, property accruing by......................................................... 296. ESSENTIAL SUPPLIES AND SERVICES, preventive detention for maintenance of ............................................................................ Sch. VII, List III-3. ESTATE DUTY— definition of....................................................................................... 366(9). in respect of agricultural land ........................................................... Sch. VII, List II-48. in respect of other property............................................................... Sch. VII, List I-87. EVACUEE PROPERTY, custody, management and disposal of ........................................................................................ Sch. VII, List III-41. EVIDENCE .......................................................................................... Sch. VII, List III-12. EXCISE, duties of. See under FINANCE. EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONES.................................................... 297. EXECUTIVE POWER—UNION—STATES ..................................... 298. extent of executive power power to carry on business ............................................................ 53, 154, 298. power to acquire property power to carry on trade .................................................................... 298. EXISTING LAW, definition of............................................................ 366(10). EXPLOSIVES ...................................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-5. EXTRADITION ................................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-18. F FACTORIES......................................................................................... FAIRS—See MARKETS AND FAIRS. FAMILY PLANNING—
Sch. VII, List III-36.
Population control and...................................................................... FEDERAL COURT— definition of...................................................................................... provisions as to Judges of ................................................................ provisions as to suits, etc., pending in ............................................ FEES— in respect of matters in Concurrent List excepting courts fees ........................................................................................ in respect of matters in State List excepting court fees ................... in respect of matters in Union List excepting court fees ................. taken in courts other than Supreme Court ....................................... taken in Supreme Court ................................................................... FINANCE— adjustment in respect of certain expenses and pensions between Union and States............................................................. annual financial statement— See ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT. annual payments to Devaswom Funds ............................................ Bill, financial— in Parliament ..................................................................................... in State Legislature ........................................................................... Bills, regarding taxation affecting States.......................................... See also BILLLS. Commission— constitution of ............................................................................. duty of......................................................................................... powers of— , Parliament to determine....................................... qualifications for membership of................................................ recommendations of—to be laid before each House of Parliament ............................................................... Consolidated Fund of India ........................................................ borrowing on the security of....................................................... custody, etc., of........................................................................... definition of ................................................................................ expenditure charged on............................................................... not subject to vote of Parliament ................................................ Consolidated Fund of the States ...................................................... borrowing on the security of....................................................... custody, etc., of........................................................................... definition of ............................................................................... expenditure charged on............................................................... not subject to vote of Legislature ............................................... Contingency Fund of India ................................................................ custody, etc., of............................................................................ Contingency Fund of States............................................................... custody, etc., of............................................................................ duties— collected by Union and may be distributed between Union and States......................................................................... in respect of succession to agricultural land............................... in respect of succession to property other than agricultural land...................................................................... FINANCE—contd. levied by Union and collected and appropriated by States...................................................................................... of customs including export duties.............................................
Sch. VII, List III-20A. 366(11). 374(1). 374(2).
Sch. VII, . List III-47. Sch. VII, List II-66. Sch. VII, List I-96. Sch. VII, List II-3. Sch. VII, List I-77.
290.
290A. 117. 207. 274.
280(1). 280(3). 280(4). 280(2). 281. 266. 292. 283(1). 266(1). 112(3). 113(1). 266. 293. 283(2). 266(1). 202(3). 203(1). 267(1) 283(1). 267(2). 283(2).
270. Sch. VII, List II-47. Sch. VII, List I-88.
268. Sch. VII, List I-83.
of excise, on alcoholic liquors, opium, Indian hemp, etc........... Sch. VII, List II-51. of excise, on tobacco, etc............................................................ Sch. VII, List I-84. stamp, other than duties or fees collected by judicial stamp.......................................................................................... stamp, rates of, in respect of bills of exchange, etc.................... surcharge on certain, for purposes of Union .............................. grants by the Union or States for public purposes...................... grants by Union to certain States................................................ grants to certain States in lieu of export duty on jute and jute products................................................................................ Interpretation of, for the purposes of Part XII, "Finance Commission".......................................................... "net proceeds", etc., calculation of ........................................ public account of India and the States................................... custody, etc., of money credited to........................................ suitors' deposits and other moneys received by the public servants and courts to be paid into ........................................ revenues, distribution of, between the Union and the States— levied by the Union and shared with the States.......................... levied by the Union but collected and appropriated by the States...................................................................................... on export of jute, etc., grant in lieu of, to certain States ........... surcharge on, for purposes of Union, Parliament may impose..................................................................................... sales tax, restriction as to imposition of ..................................... State taxation— exemption from-in respect of water or electricity in certain cases........................................................................................... exemption of Union property from............................................ supplementary grants—See SUPPLEMENTARY GRANTS. tax— capitation ....................................................... corporation.................................................................................. on advertisements in newspapers ............................................... on other advertisements .............................................................. on agricultural income ................................................................ on animals and boats................................................................... on capital value of assets, exclusive of agricultural land, of individuals and companies and on capital of companies ................................................................................ on consignment of goods............................................................ on consumption of sale of electricity ......................................... FINANCE—contd. on entry of goods into local areas............................................... on goods and passengers carried by road or on inland waterways ................................................................................... on income, definition of ............................................................. on income, other than agricultural income................................. on lands and buildings................................................................ on luxuries, including taxes on entertainments, amusements, betting and gambling .........................................
Sch. VII, List III-44. Sch. VII, List I-91. 271. 282. 275. 273. 264. 279. 266(2). 283. 284.
270. 268. 273. 271. 286.
287-288. 285.
S ch . VI I , Li s t I I - 6 1 . Sch. VII, List I-85. Sch. VII, List I-92. Sch. VII, List II-55. Sch. VII, List II-46. Sch. VII, List II-58.
Sch. VII, List I-86. Sch. VII, List I-92B. Sch. VII, List II-53. Sch. VII, List II-52. Sch. VII, List II-56. 366(29). Sch. VII, List I-82. Sch. VII, List II-49.
Sch. VII, List II-62.
on mineral rights......................................................................... Sch. VII, List II-50. on professions, trades, callings and employments ..................... 276, Sch VII, List II-60. on railway fares and freights ...................................................... Sch. VII, List I-89. on sale or purchase of goods ...................................................... Sch. VII, List II-54,286,
Sch. VII, List I-92A. on sale or purchase of newspaper............................................... Sch. VII, List I-92. on transactions in stock exchanges and futures markets, other than stamp duties ............................................ Sch. VII, List I-90. on vehicles, suitable for use on roads, including tramcars.................................................................................... Sch. VII, List II-57. recovery of—in a State for claims arising outside that State ................................................................................. Sch. VII, List III-43. terminal-on goods or passengers ................................................ Sch. VII, List I-89. taxation, definition of ................................................................. 366(28). taxes, etc., existing, levied by State Governments or local authorities to continue notwithstanding that they are mentioned in the Union List ...................................... 277. taxes not to be levied except by authority of law ....................... 265. taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States…………………………………………… 269. taxes,etc., existing, levied by the State Governments or local authorities to continue notwithstanding that they are mentioned in the Union List…………………289 Union taxation, exemption of State property and income from.............................................................................. 289. FINANCE COMMISSION— See FINANCE. FINANCIAL CORPORATIONS—See CORPORATIONS. FISHERIES........................................................................................... Sch. VII, List II-21. FISHING AND FISHERIES beyond territorial waters........................ Sch. VII, List I-57. FOREIGN— exchange .......................................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-36. jurisdiction ....................................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-16. loans ................................................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-37. FOREIGN AFFAIRS............................................................................ Sch. VII, List I-10. preventive detention for reasons connected with ............................. Sch. VII, List I-9. FOREIGN STATE, definition of.......................................................... 367(3). FORESTS ............................................................................................. 48A, Sch. VII, List III-17A. FRATERNITY, promotion of .............................................................. Preamble. FREE LEGAL AID— equal justice and—State to provide .................................................. 39A. FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES................................................................. Part IVA. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS ................................................................ Part III. cultural and educational rights— protection of interests of minorities............................................... 29. right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions ......................... 30. kirpans, wearing and carrying of, by Sikhs..................................... 25. laws inconsistent with, or in derogation of— State not to make ......................................................................... 13(2). to be void ..................................................................................... 13(1). legislation to give effect to .......................................................... 35. power of Parliament to modify, in their application to Armed Forces............................................................................. 33. protection against arrest and detention ........................................ 22. protection in respect of— (i) conviction for offences; (ii) being tried more than once for the same offence; and (iii) appearing as a witness against himself .................................. 20. protection of life and personal liberty............................................... 21. restriction on-while Martial Law is in force...................................... 34. right against exploitation—
power of State to impose compulsory service for public purposes ............................................................................................ 23(2). prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc. ..................................................................................... 24. prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour......................................... 23(1). right of citizens— to assemble peaceably ................................................................ 19(1)(b) & (3). to form associations .................................................................... 19(1)(c) & (4). to freedom of speech................................................................... 19(1)(a) & (2). to move throughout India ........................................................... 19(1)(d) & (5). to practise any profession ........................................................... 19(1)(g) & (6). to reside and settle anywhere in India ........................................ 19(1)(e) & (5). right to constitutional remedies ........................................................ 32-35. remedies for enforcement of— by moving Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings ............................................................................... 32. suspension of, during emergency ................................................ 359. See also under EMERGENCY. right to equality— abolition of titles .......................................................................... 18. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS—contd. See also under TITLES. abolition of untouchability........................................................... 17. equality before law ..................................................................... 14. equality of opportunity in matters of public employment … 16. power of State to make special provision for— backwardclasses, ScheduledCastes and Scheduled Tribes ................................. 15(4). women and children......................................................................... 15(3). prohibitionofdiscriminationagainstanycitizen on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth........................ 15(1). right of citizen as to access to, and use of, public place ........................................................................................ 15(2). right to freedom of religion— freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions ......................................................... 28. freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion....................................................... 27. freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion ................................... 25. freedom to manage religious affairs ........................................ 26. the State, definition of, for purposes of Part III ....................... 12. G GAMBLING—See BETTING. GAS AND GAS WORKS .................................................................... GENERAL CLAUSES ACT, provisions of, to apply to interpretation of the Constitution.................................................... GOA— allocation of seats in the Council of States to ............................. special provision with respect to the State of.............................. territory of ................................................................................... GOODS— carriage of— by air, rail or sea, and by national waterways .......................... by inland waterways ................................................................. taxes on—See under FINANCE. definition of...................................................................................... production, supply and distribution of.............................................
Sch. VII, List II-25. 367. Sch. IV. 371-I. Sch. I.
Sch. VII, List I-30. Sch. VII, List III-32. 366(12). Sch. VII, List II-27.
standards of quality for—for export or inter-State transport ........................................................................................... taxesonentryof—into a local area—SeeunderFINANCE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT— repeal of 395.
Sch. VII, List I-51.
Transition from provisions of—,President's power t o make provisions for ................................................................................... 392. GOVERNORS ...................................................................................... 153. GOVERNORS—contd. address by ........................................................................................ 175-176. allowances, etc., for ......................................................................... 158. annual financial statement,—to cause to be laid before the Legislature ....................................................................................... 202(1). appointment of ................................................................................. 155. appointment of—as administrators for Union territories................................................................................................ ...... 239(2). Bills— assent to ...................................................................................... 200. reservation of—for the consideration of President..................... 200. common—for two or more States .............................................. 153. conditions of office of................................................................. 158. Council of Ministers to aid and advise ....................................... 163. decisionof—onquestionas to disqualificationof members of Legislature ............................................................................. 192(1). discharge of the functions of— on certain contingencies ………………………………… 160 discretionary power of ............................................................ 163(1) & (2), Sch. VI, paras. 9 & 18. emoluments, allowances, privileges and rights in respect of eave of absence of..................................................... 158(3), Sch. II, Part A, Sch. VII, List I-75. executive action of State Government to be expressed in the name of ......................................................... 166(1). executive power of State to vest in............................................... 154. legislative powers of ..................................................................... 213. See also under ORDINANCE. oath or affirmation by ....................................................................... 159. power of— to apply Part VI, Chapter VI, to magistrates ................................ 237. to appoint— (i) Advocate General—See ADVOCATE-GENERAL. (ii) member of State Legislative Assembly to fill temporarily vacancies in the office of Speaker ..................... 180(1). (iii) member of State Legislative Council to fill vacancies for the office of Chairman.................................... 184(1). (iv) members of Public Service Commission—See PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION. (v) Ministers—See COUNCIL OF MINISTERS. to consult Election Commission in cases relating to disqualification of a member of legislature .................................. 192(2). to entrust State functions on Union Government ........................... 258A. to frame regulations regarding conditions of service, etc., of Chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission ............................................................... 318. to frame rules— GOVERNORS—contd. regarding authenticationoforders andother instruments................................................................................................................................................................. 166(2).
regarding convenient transaction of Government business......................................................................................................................................................... 166(3). regarding procedure in respect of communications between the Houses of State Legislature................................. 208(3). regarding recruitment of officers, etc., for a High Court ...................................................................................... 229(1) Proviso. regarding recruitment of secretarial staff of Houses of Legislature .......................................................................... 187(3). to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences .................................................................. 161. to nominate Anglo-Indians to Legislative Assembly ................ 333. to nominate members to Legislative Council............................. 171(3)(e) & 171(5). protection of—from legal proceedings.............................................. 361. qualifications for appointment as ...................................................... 157. recommendation of— demand for a grant to be made on .............................................. 203(3). necessary for introduction of Money Bills ................................. 207. to be regarded as matter of procedure ........................................ 255. resignation of office by................................................................ 156(2). right of—to address and send messages to the Legislature ...................................................................................... 175. right of—to summon, prorogue and dissolve Legislature ...................................................................................... 174. special address by ............................................................................ 176. special responsibility of ................................................................... 371(2). supplementary grants,—cause to be laid before Legislature …………………………………………………….. 205(1) term of office of .......................................................................... 156. GRAM SABHA.................................................................................... 243A. GUARANTEE, definition of ................................................................ 366(13). GUJARAT— allocation of seats in the Council of States to.................................. Sch. IV. special responsibility of the Governor for establishment of development boards ....................................................................... 371(2). State of .............................................................................................. Sch I. H HABEAS CORPUS— power of High Court to issue............................................................ 226. HARYANA— allocation of seats in the Council of States to................................... Sch. IV. State of .............................................................................................. Sch. I. HIGH COURTS, in the States.............................................................. 214. HIGH COURTS, in the State—contd.. administrative expenses of—to be charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State........................................................ 229(3). application of certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to ............................................................................................ 218. Chief Justice— acting—, appointment of .................................................................. ...... 223. appointment of—See Chief Justice and other Judges below power of— to appoint acting Judges ............................................................. 224(2). to appoint additional Judges....................................................... 224(1). to appoint officers and servants of High Court .......................... 229(1). to appoint retired Judges at sittings of High Courts................... 224(A). to be consulted regarding appointment of other Judges ........................................................................................ 217(1). Chief Justice and other Judges—
age of retirement of .................................................................... 217(1), 224(3). appointment and conditions of office of .................................... 217, 224, 224A. conduct of—not to be discussed— in Parliament............................................................................... 121 in State Legislature ..................................................................... 211. determination of age of............................................................... 217(3) oath or affirmation by ................................................................. 219. prohibition of practice after ceasing to hold office .................... 220. qualifications for appointment as ............................................... 217(2). removal from office of................................................................ 217(1) Proviso (b). procedure regarding.................................................................... 218. resignation of office by............................................................... 217(1) Proviso (a). salaries, etc. of ............................................................................ 221, Sch.II, Part D, Para 10. transfer of—from one High Court to another............................. 222. vacation of office of.................................................................... 217(1) Proviso (c). constitution and organisation of ................................................. 216, Sch VII, List I-78. court of record............................................................................. 215. definition of ................................................................................ 366(14). establishment of a common High Court for two or more States................................................................................. 231. for Union territories ........................................................................ 241. jurisdiction of................................................................................... 225. extension of—to or exclusion from Union territories.......................................................................................... 230,Sch.VII,List I-79. Language in—See LANGUAGE. officers of—appointment, etc., of.................................................... 229. power of— to issue certain writs ................................................................... 226. to punish for contempt................................................................ 215. power of superintendence of....................................................... 227. retirement of additional or acting Judge..................................... 224(3). subordinate courts, control over, to vest in ................................ 235. transfer of certain cases to .......................................................... 228. transitional period, provisions as to ........................................... 376. HIGHWAYS, declared by Parliament to be national ......... Sch. VII, List I-23. HIMACHAL PRADESH— allocation of seats in the Council of States to.................................. Sch. IV State of .................................................................................................. Sch. I. HINDU RELIGIOUS INSTITUTION ................................................. 25(2)(b). HOSPITALS AND DISPENSARIES .................................................. Sch. VII, List II-6. hospitals, seamen's and marine......................................................... Sch. VII, List I-28. HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE— composition of ................................................................................. 81. decisions of—by majority................................................................ 100(1). Deputy Speaker of—See SPEAKER duration of......................................................................................... 83. Member of—See MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. power of—to make rules of procedure ............................................ 118(1). quorum for a meeting of .................................................................. 100(3). representation (nomination) of Anglo-Indians in ............................ 331. representation of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, etc. in .................................................................................. 330. representation of Union territories in............................................... 81(1)(b). Secretarial staff, appointment, etc., of ............................................. 98. Speaker and Deputy Speakers of— casting vote of................................................................................ 100(1). choosing of..................................................................................... 93. not to preside while a resolution for removal from
office is under consideration............................................................ 96. performance of duties of office of— during the absence of ..................................................................... 95. removal from office of................................................................... 94(c) & 96. resignation of office by........ .......................................................... 94(b). salaries and allowances, etc., of..................................................... 97, Sch.VII, List. 1-73 & Sch. II, Part C, Para 7. vacation of office by......... ............................................................. 94(a). voting in............ ............................................................................. 100. I IMPEACHMENT of President—See PRESIDENT IMPROVEMENT TRUSTS.......... ....................................................... Sch. VII, List II-5. INDIA— admission into, emigration and expulsion from..... .......................... Sch. VII, List I-19. a Union of States.............................................................................. 1(1). admission of new States into......... .................................................. 2. Bharat, the name of.......................................................................... 1(1). languages of............. ........................................................................ Sch. VIII. security of.............. .......................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-9. territory of................. ....................................................................... 1(3). INDIAN INDEPENDENCE ACT, 1947, the repeal of ....................... 395. INDIAN POLICE SERVICES—See SERVICES INDIAN STATE, definition of............................................................. 366(15). INDUSTRIAL AND LABOUR DISPUTES............. .......................... Sch. VII, List III-22. INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES, concerning Union employees ......................................................................................... Sch. VII, List I- 61. INDUSTRIAL MONOPOLIES, COMBINES AND TRUSTS................................................................................................ Sch. VII, List III-21. INDUSTRIES— declared by Parliament to be necessary for defence or for prosecution of war............. .............................. Sch. VII, List I-7. other............ ...................................................................................... Sch. VII, List II-24. under Union control........................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-52. participation of workers in management of....................................... 43A. INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AND SUBSTANCES............................ Sch. VII, List I- 53. INNS AND INN KEEPERS................................................................. Sch. VII, List II-31. INQUIRIES, surveys and statistics— connected with matters in List I.............. ......................................... Sch. VII, List I-94. connected with matters in Lists II and III......................................... Sch. VII, List III-45. INSOLVENCY—See BANKRUPTCY INSTITUTIONS— charitable and religious.................................................................... Sch. VII, List III-28. imperial War Museum, Indian Museum, Indian War Memorial, National Library, Victoria Memorial...…… Sch. VII, List I-62. instructions in mother tongue.......... ................................................ 350A. Union and agencies, for purposes of technical training, research, etc. ........... ......................................................... Sch. VII, List I-65 & 66. See also UNIVERSITIES INSURANCE........................ ............................................................... Sch. VII, List I-47. INSURANCE CORPORATIONS—See under CORPORATIONS INTELLIGENCE AND INVESTIGATION— Central Bureau of.................................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-8. INTER-STATE— Council.................................................................................................. 263. river waters dispute........................................................................... 262. trade or commerce............ ................................................................ 286. INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS— implementation of treaties, etc.......................................................... Sch. VII, List I-14.
legislation to give effect to........... .................................................... INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES, ETC.— participation in—, and implementation of decisions of ..................................................................................................... INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY, ETC., promotion of—See DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES. INTERPRETATION— of Constitution for Part V, Chapter IV and Part VI, Chapter V....................................................................................... of Constitution in general ................................................................ of “district judge” for Part VI, Chapter VI....... ................................ of “Finance Commission” for Part XII........................................... of judicial service for Part VI, Chapter VI.................................... of “State” for Part VI..................................................................... of “State” for Part XIV.................................................................. of “State” for Schedule V.............................................................. INTOXICATING DRINKS, ETC.—See PROHIBITION. INTOXICATING LIQUORS, production, manufacture, purchase, sale, etc., of........... ...................................................... INVENTIONS AND DESIGNS......... ................................................. IRRIGATION, subject to entry 56 of Union List.................................
253.
Sch. VII, List I-13.
147. 367. 236(a). 264. 236(b). 152. 308. Sch. V,Part A, Para.1.
Sch. VII, List II-8. Sch. VII, List I-49. Sch. VII, List II-17.
J JAMMU AND KASHMIR— allocation of seats in the Council of States to.................................. Sch. IV. State of............ .................................................................................. Sch. I. temporary provisions with respect to...... ......................................... 370. JHARKHAND— allocation of seats in the Council of States to……………. Sch. IV state of ……………………………………………………… Sch. I. JOINT SITTING—Houses of Parliament......... ................................... 100,108. JUDGES— district— appointment of........... ................................................................... 233(1). definition of........... ........................................................................ 236(a). eligibility for appointment as....... ................................................. 233(2). eligibility for appointment as—who are not citizens of India............................................................................................. 376. validation of appointment, etc., of certain .................................... 233A. High Court—See HIGH COURTS. SUPREME COURT—See SUPREME COURT. JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS, recognition of ....................................... Sch. VII, List III-12. JUDICIAL SERVICE— appointment to—of a State ............................................................... 234. definition of....................................................................................... 236(b). JUDICIARY, separation of, from the executive— See DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES JURISDICTION— of courts— barred in disputes arising out of treaties, agreements, etc., with Indian States ........................................ 363. barred in electoral matters .......................................................... 329. officers and members of Parliament not subject to .................... 122(2). officers and members of State Legislature not subject to.................................................................................. 212(2) JUSTICE— administration of.............................................................................. Sch. VII,List III-11A. equal—and free legal aid ................................................................. 39A. social, economic and political, securing of ...................................... Preamble, 38
K KARNATAKA— allocation of seats in the Council of States to.................................. Legislative Council for ......................................................................... State of ............................................................................................. KERALA— allocation of seats in the Council of States to.................................. State of— .............................................................................................. KIRPANS—See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Sch. IV. 168. Sch. I. Sch. IV. Sch. I.
L LABOUR— disputes ............................................................................................. Sch. VII, List III-22. regulation of—in mines and oilfields ............................................... Sch. VII, List I-55. vocational and technical training of.................................................. Sch. VII, List III-25. welfare of .......................................................................................... Sch. VII, List III-24. LAKSHADWEEP, territory of ............................................................. Sch. I. LAND, rights over land tenures, etc. ................................................... Sch. VII, List II-18. LAND, revenue, assessment and collection of, maintenance of land records, etc. ..................................................... Sch. VII, List II-45. LANGUAGE— enactment of laws relating to—, special provision as to ................................................................................................. 349. facilities for instruction in mother tongue ........................................ 350A. Hindi, duty of Union to develop....................................................... 351. linguistic minorities, special officer for............................................ 350B. of authoritative text of bills, etc....................................................... 348(1)(b) & 348(3). Authoritative text in Hindi language ................................................. 394A. Official— Commission and Committee of Parliament on ............................. 344. English to continue for fifteen years as......................................... 343(2). for communications between Union and a State or States inter se............................................................................. 346. of a State ....................................................................................... 345. of the Union to be Hindi ................................................................ 343. of Supreme Court and High Courts .............................................. 348. spoken by a section of the population of a State, special provisions as to ........................................................... 347. to be used in Parliament................................................................ 120. to be used in representation for redress of grievances .................................................................................. 350. to be used in State Legislatures .................................................... 210. LANGUAGES OF INDIA ................................................................... Sch. VIII. LAWS— existing— continuance of.................................................................................. 372(1). definition of...................................................................................... 366(10). void, if inconsistent with provisions of Part III............................... 13(1). existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies, saving of........................................................................................... 305. imposing restrictions on right to freedom of speech, etc.... 19(2) to (6). See also FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS offences against— relating to matters in List I............................................................... Sch. VII, List I-93. relating to matters in List II ............................................................. Sch. VII, List II-64. recognition of................................................................................... Sch. VII, List III-12. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS—suits and proceedings by or against the Union and the States....................................................... 300.
LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES—See the STATES. LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL—See the STATES. LEGISLATIVE RELATIONS between the Union and the States .................................................................................... LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship, securing of......................................................................... LIBRARIES—controlled by the States................................................ See also INSTITUTIONS. LIGHTHOUSES................................................................................... LIMITATION....................................................................................... LINGUISTIC MINORITIES, special officer for ................................. LIVING WAGE TO WORKERS—see DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES. LOAN, definition of ............................................................................. LOCAL GOVERNMENT .................................................................... LOTTERIES—organised by Government ........................................... LUNACY AND MENTAL DEFICIENCY—lunatics and mental deficients .........................................................................
245—255. Preamble. Sch. VII, List II-12 Sch. VII, List I-26. Sch. VII, List III-13. 350B.
366(4) Sch. VII, List II-5. Sch. VII, List I-40. Sch. VII, List III-16.
M MADHYA PRADESH— allocation of seats in the Council of States to................................... Legislative Council for .................................................................... State of ............................................................................................. MAHARASHTRA— allocation of seats in the Council of States to ............................... Legislative Council for.................................................................. special responsibility of the Governor for establishment of development boards .................................................................. State of .................................................................................................. MAJOR PORTS ................................................................................... definition of ................................................................................... special provision as to extension of laws to.................................. MANDAMUS Power of High Court to issue writ of ............................................ MANIPUR— allocation of seatS in the Council of States to .............................. special provision with respect to the State of................................ State of........................................................................................... MARITIME ZONES lands, minerals and other valuable things within territorial waters, continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zones to vest in the Union ...................... MARKETS AND FAIRS ..................................................................... MARRIAGE ......................................................................................... MARTIAL LAW, power of Parliament to indemnify for acts done in areas under .................................................................. MEGHALAYA— allocation of seat in the Council of States to .................................... State of .................................................................................................. tribal areas in ..................................................................................... MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT—See under PARLIAMENT MEMORIALS—See under INSTITUTIONS. MERCANTILE MARINE, education and training for ........................ METEOROLOGICAL ORGANISATIONS........................................ MIGRANTS TO AND FROM PAKISTAN— See under CITIZENSHIP MIGRATION, inter-State..................................................................... MINES AND MINERALS—
Sch. IV. 168. Sch. I. Sch. IV. 168 371(2). Sch. I. Sch. VII, List I-27. 364(2)(a). 364(1). 226(1). Sch. IV. 371C. Sch. I.
297. Sch. VII, List II-28. Sch. VII, List III-5. 34. Sch. IV. Sch. I. Sch. VI.
Sch. VII, List 1—25. Sch. VII, List 1—68.
Sch. VII, List 1—81.
regulation and development of— under Union control.......................................................................... in other case ...................................................................................... See also LABOUR. MINISTERS—See COUNCIL OF MINISTERS. MINORITIES, protection, etc., of— See FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. See also SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES MIZORAM— allocation of seat in the Council of State to..................................... Special provision with respect to the State of.................................. territory of ........................................................................................ tribal areas in.................................................................................... MINORS—infants and minors............................................................. MONEY BILLS—See BILLS. MONEY-LENDING AND MONEY-LENDERS................................ MONOPOLIES, saving of existing laws and laws providing for State ................................................................................ MONUMENTS— ancient and historical— of national importance ...................................................................... others................................................................................................. protection, etc., of—See DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS—See under CORPORATIONS. MUNICIPALITIES audit of accounts of.......................................................................... composition of ................................................................................. constitution and composition of wards committees ........................ constitution of .................................................................................. definitions ........................................................................................ disqualifications for membership of ................................................ duration of........................................................................................ elections to the ................................................................................. powers, authority and responsibilities of......................................... powers to impose taxes by, and funds of......................................... reservation of seats........................................................................... MUNICIPAL TRAMWAYS................................................................ MUSEUMS—controlled by States....................................................... See also INSTITUTIONS.
Sch. VII, List I—54. Sch. VII, List II—23.
Sch. IV. 371 G. Sch. I. Sch. VI. Sch. VII, List III-5. Sch. VII, List II-30. 305.
Sch. VII. List I—67. Sch. VII. List II—12.
243 Z. 243 R. 243 S. 243 Q. 243P. 243V. 243U. 243ZA. 243W and Sch. XII. 243X. 243T. Sch. VII, List II-13. Sch. VII, List II-12.
N NAGALAND— allocation of seat in the Council of States to ................................... special provision with respect to the State of .................................. State of ............................................................................................. NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS—See INSTITUTIONS. NATURALISATION ........................................................................... NET PROCEEDS, calculation of—See FINANCE. NEWSPAPERS .................................................................................... NUMERALS for official purposes of Union .......................................
Sch. IV. 371A. Sch. I. Sch. VII, List 1—17. Sch. VII, List III-39. 343(1).
O OATHS ................................................................................................. forms of—or affirmations................................................................. OBLIGATIONS of Union and States, provisions relating to, under the Constitution .................................................... OFFICIAL LANGUAGE ..................................................................... Commission and Committee of Parliament on................................. OFFICIAL TRUSTEES........................................................................
Sch VII, List III-12. Sch. III. 294-295. 343. 344. Sch. VII, List III-11.
OIL— oil fields and mineral oil resources, regulation and development of.......................................................................... regulation of labour and safety in mines and oilfields ............................................................................................ OPIUM— cultivation, manufacture and sale for export of............................... duties of excise on—See under FINANCE. ORDINANCE— Administrator's power to promulgate—during recess of Union Territories Legislature ...................................................... Governor's power to promulgate—during recess of State Legislature ................................................................................... President's power to promulgate—during recess of Parliament................................................................................ ORISSA— allocation of seats in the Council of States to................................... State of ..............................................................................................
Sch. VII, List I-53. Sch. VII, List I-55. Sch. VII, List I-59.
239B. 213. 123. Sch.IV. Sch.I.
P PANCHAYATS— application to Union territories....................................................... audit of accounts of.......................................................................... bar to interference by courts in electoral matters ............................ composition of ................................................................................. Constitution of ................................................................................. constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position.............................................................................. continuance of existing laws............................................................ definitions of .................................................................................... disqualifications for membership .................................................... duration of........................................................................................ elections to the ................................................................................ gram sabha ....................................................................................... maintenance and auditing of accounts............................................. part not to apply to certain areas...................................................... powers, authority and responsibilities ............................................. powers to impose taxes by, and funds of.......................................... reservation of seats ............................................................................ PARLIAMENT— Acts of—lack of requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions not to invalidate............................................ committees of and commissions appointed by, attendance of persons and production of documents before ................................................................................................. composition of— PARLIAMENT—contd. the Council of States....................................................................... the House of the People .................................................................. constitution of .................................................................................. Council of States—See COUNCIL OF STATES. dissolution of.................................................................................... duration of........................................................................................ expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India, not subject to vote of ............................................................. other expenditure, subject to vote of ............................................... House of the People—See HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE. Houses of—to meet twice every year.............................................. Joint sitting.......................................................................................
243L. 243J. 243O. 243C. 243B. 243-1 and 280(3)(bb). 243N. 243 243F. 243E. 243K. 243A. 243J. 243M. 243G and Sch. XI. 243E. 243D.
255.
Sch VII, List I-74.
80. 81. 79. 85(2)(b). 83. 113(1). 113(2). 85(1). 100 & 108.
language to be used in — See under LANGUAGE laws made by— extent of ...................................................................................... to prevail over State laws in certain cases .................................. legislative procedure— in respect of financial matters..................................................... in respect of Money Bills............................................................ in respect of votes on account, votes of credit and exceptional grants ....................................................................... with respect to estimates............................................................. Members of Parliament— disqualifications for .................................................................... decision on question as to........................................................... oath or affirmation by ................................................................. powers, privileges, etc., of.......................................................... qualifications for......................................................................... salaries and allowances, etc., of.................................................. vacation of seats by..................................................................... voting in Houses of..................................................................... voting without making oath or affirmation, etc. penalty for……………………………………………………. officers of—See COUNCIL OF STATES and HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE. power of— to abolish or create Legislative Councils in States..................... to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum............................ to admit new States into the Union............................................. to alter areas, boundaries or names of States ............................. to amend First and Fourth Schedules in certain cases......................................................................................... to amend Fifth Schedule .............................................................. to amend provisions of Constitution ........................................... to appoint authority for carrying out purposes of PARLIAMENT—contd articles 301-304............................................................................... to confer ancillary powers on Supreme Court ................................. to confer jurisdiction on the Supreme Court to issue certain writs.................................................................................... .to confer powers of the Union on States in certain cases ................................................................................................ to constitute High Courts for Union territories................................ to create local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories................................................. to determine the salaries and allowances of Ministers 75(6). to establish new States .................................................................... to extend functions of Public Service Commissions ...................... to extend its own duration in emergencies ...................................... to impose restrictions on freedom of trade, commerce, or intercourse within the Union ..................................................... to impose surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.................................................................... to legislate on matters in Concurrent List........................................ to legislate with respect to matters in State List— in national interest......................................................................... during Emergency.......................................................................... to legislate with respect to matters in State List for two or more States by consent ................................................ to legislate with respect to matters in Union List ............................
245(1). 251 & 254. 112 & 117. 109. 116. 113. 102, Sch. X. 103. 99. 105, Sch.VII, List I-74. 84. 106, Sch.VII, List I-73. 101. 100. 104.
169. 100. 2. 3. 4. Sch. V, Para 7. 368.
307. 140. 139. 258(2). 241. 239A. 2. 321. 83(2) Proviso. 302. 271. 246(2). 249(1). 250. 252. 246(1).
to make laws regarding extension of or exclusion from the jurisdiction of High Courts ............................................................ 230. to make laws to amend Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Orders ................................................................................. 341(2)& 342(2). to make laws to give effect to international agreements. .................................................................................... 253. to make laws to give effect to provisions regarding Fundamental Rights....................................................... 35. to make laws with respect to elections to legislatures ..................................................................................... 327. to make laws with respect to trade and commerce within a State and production, supply and distribution of certain commodities during the first 5 years ............................................. 369. to make provisions regarding qualifications for and powers of the members of the Finance Commission. .................................................................................. 280(2)&(4). to prescribe certain matters with respect to preventive detention..................................................................................... 22(7). to prescribe requirements regarding residence for employment under a State or local authority.............................. 16(3). PARLIAMENT—contd. to prescribe the manner of election of representatives of Union territories to the Council of States .............................. 80(5). to provide for adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers and river-valleys............................. 262. to provide for creation of all-India services...................................... 312. to provide for discharge of President's functions in contingencies ................................................................................... 70. to provide for establishment of additional courts for better administration of laws made by Parliament ......................... 247. to provide for establishment of Joint Public Service Commission for two or more States ................................................ 315. to provide for the manner of enforcement of decrees or orders of the Supreme Court ...................................................... 142(1). to provide for the use of English language or Devanagari form of numerals, after 15 years ................................. 343(3). to regulate its procedure in financial matters................................... 119. to regulate matters regarding election of President and Vice-President.......................................................................... 71(3). to regulate the right of citizenship ................................................... 11. to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services................................................................................. 312A. powers, privileges, etc., of ............................................................... 105(3), Sch. VII, List I-74. proceedings of— courts not to enquire into validity of............................................. 122(1). protection of publication of........................................................... 361A. prorogation of................................................................................ 85(2)(a). quorum for a meeting of................................................................ 100(3). residuary powers of legislation vest in.......................................... 248, Sch. VII, List I-97. restriction on discussion in............................................................ 121. rules of procedure, power of each House to make........................ 118. secretariat of Houses of................................................................. 98. summoning of................................................................................ 85(1). PART, definition of .............................................................................. 366(16). passports............................................................................................ Sch. VII, List I-19. PATENTS, INVENTIONS AND DESIGNS....................................... Sch. VII, List I-49. PENSIONS—
definition of...................................................................................... payable by States ............................................................................. payable by Union ............................................................................. PETROLEUM AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.............................. PILGRIMAGES— to places outside India ...................................................................... to other places ................................................................................... PIRACIES AND CRIMES ON SEAS OR IN AIR— offences against law of nations......................................................... PLANNING, economic and social ....................................................... POISONS.............................................................................................. POLICE ................................................................................................ POLICE FORCE— extension of powers and jurisdiction of —to areas outside the State and to railway areas............................................... PONDICHERRY— allocation of seat in the Council of States to ................................... creation of local Legislatures or Council of Ministers, or both for ................................................. territory of ........................................................................................ POPULATION CONTROL AND FAMILY PLANNING.................. PORTS— declared by Parliament to be major .................................................. other .................................................................................................. POST OFFICE SAVINGS BANK ....................................................... POST AND TELEGRAPHS ................................................................ POUNDS AND PREVENTION OF CATTLE TRESPASS ............... PRESIDENT......................................................................................... address by ........................................................................................ Annual Financial Statement, causes to be laid before Parliament ........................................................................................ appointments of— Attorney-General—See ATTORNEY-GENERAL. Chairman and members of Union and State Public Service Commissions—See PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION. Chief Justice and other Judges of— High Courts—See HIGH COURTS. Supreme Court—See SUPREME COURT. Comptroller and Auditor-General—See COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL. Governors of States—See GOVERNORS. Prime Minister and other Ministers—See COUNCIL OF MINISTERS. Special Officer for linguistic minorities .......................................... Special Officer for Scheduled Castes— See SCHEDULED CASTES. approval of—to rules regarding salaries, allowances, leave or pensions of officers and servants of the Supreme Court .............................................................................. assent of— to Bills— general......................................................................................... of Parliament, amending the Constitution.................................. of State Legislature..................................................................... regarding imposition of taxes on water or electricity PRESIDENT—contd. in certain cases.......................................................................... audit reports, causes to be laid before Parliament .............................
366(17). Sch. VII, List II-42. Sch. VII, List I-71. Sch. VII, List I-53. Sch. VII, List I-20. Sch. VII, List II-7. Sch. VII, List I-21. Sch. VII, List III-20. Sch. VII, List III-19. Sch. VII, List II-2.
Sch. VII, List I-80. Sch.IV. 239A. Sch.I. Sch. VII, List III- 20A. Sch. VII, List I-27. Sch. Vll, List III-31. Sch. VII, List I-39. Sch. VII, List I-31. Sch. VII, List II-16. 52. 86-87. 112(1).
350B.
146(2) Proviso.
111. 368. 201.
288(2). 151(1).
conditions of office of …………………………………………… 59 consent of—necessary for acceptance of foreign titles, presents, etc., by person serving under the State............................................................................................. 18(3) & (4). Contracts of the Union to be executed in the name of ..................... 299(1). Council of Ministers to aid and advise ............................................. 74(1). decision by—on questions as to disqualifications of Members of Parliament..................................................................... 103(1). defence forces, supreme command of, to vest in.............................. 53(2). Election Commission, appointment of Chief Election Commissioner and other Commissioners, etc.—See ELECTIONS. election of ........................................................................................ 54,Sch.VII, List I-72. eligibility for re-election .................................................................. 57. emoluments, allowances and privileges, etc., of ............................. 59(3), Sch.II, Part A, Sch. VII, List I-75. executive action by the Union Government to be taken in the name of .............................................................................. 77(1). Finance Commission, constitution, etc., by—See FINANCE. impeachment of—procedure for....................................................... 61. legislative powers of ......................................................................... 123(1). manner of election of ........................................................................ 55. matters relating to election of .......................................................... 71. messages, etc., of—to the Houses ................................................... 86. oath or affirmation by ...................................................................... 60. Ordinance making power of—See ORDINANCE. to adapt laws ............................................................................... 372 & 372A. to apply laws with modifications to aerodromes and major ports .......................................................................................... 364. to appoint acting Chairman of the Council of States......................................................................................... 91(1). to appoint acting Speaker of the House of the People ....................................................................................... 95(1). to appoint a Commission to report on the administration of Scheduled Areas and Welfare of Scheduled Tribes ...................................................................... 339. to appoint a Commission to investigate the condition of backward classes....................................................................... 340. to authorise the use of Hindi during the 15 years period in addition to English and of Devanagari numerals for official purposes of Union .................................. 343(2) Proviso. to call for information from the Prime Minister regarding administration of Union affairs and proposals for legislation........................................................... 78(b). PRESIDENT—contd. to constitute a Commission to report on official language................................................................................... 344. to consult Election Commission on questions regarding ........... disqualification of members of Parliament ............................. 103(2). to consult Supreme Court on questions of law or fact of public importance .................................................................... 143. to declare a State not to be a foreign State for a specific purpose ....................................................................... 367(3) Proviso. to entrust Union functions to States in certain cases.................. 258(1). to establish inter-State Council................................................... 263. to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases ......................................... 72. to issue order for adaptation of existing laws............................. 372(2). to issue order for removal of difficulties during transitional
period ........................................................................................ to issue orders in regard to grants from the Union to certain States............................................................................. to issue Proclamation of Emergency—See EMERGENCY. to make advances from Contingency Fund to meet unforeseen expenditure............................................................ to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases......................................................... to make provision by order for continuance of taxes on water or electricity involving river valley projects under existing State Law......................................... to make provisions regarding discharge of Governor's functions in contingencies................ to make regulations for Union Territories.................................. to make regulations regarding conditions of service, etc., of the Chairman and members of the Union, State and Joint Public Service Commissions .......................................... to make rules for consultation with the Union Public Service Commission regarding appointment of officials of Supreme Court ....................................................... to make rules regarding authentication of orders, etc., made and executed in the name of the President .................................................................................. to make rules regarding conditions of service, etc., of personnel of the Audit and Accounts Department .................. to make rules regarding dual membership of Parliament and State Legislature ............................................ to make rules regarding procedure at joint sittings of the two Houses.............................................................................. to make rules regarding recruitment and conditions of service of secretarial staff of Houses of Parliament ............... PRESIDENT—contd. to make rules regarding transactions of and allocation among Ministers of business of the Government...................
392. 275(2).
267(1). 373.
288(1). 160. 240.
318.
146(1) Proviso.
77(2). 148(5). 101(2). 118(3). 98(2).
77(3).
to nominate Anglo-Indians to the House of the People …………………………………………………. 331. to nominate twelve members to the Council of States........................................................................................ 80(1)(a). to prescribe percentage of taxes on income for distribution among States ......................................................... 270. to prescribe the manner of enforcement of orders, etc., of the Supreme Court....................................................... 142(1). to remove difficulties during transitional period........................ 392(1). to specify Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the States and Union territories ........................................... 341-342. to summon Houses of Parliament in joint sittings...................... 108. to summon, prorogue and dissolve Parliament .......................... 85(2). previous sanction of— necessary for introducing a Bill in State Legislature, ....... imposing restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse among States..................................................... 304(b) Proviso. to be regarded as matter of procedure ................................. 255. Protection of—from legal proceedings ............................... 361. qualifications for office of ............................................................... 58. recommendation of—demand for a grant to be
made on......................................................................................... 113(3). recommendation of—required for introduction of Bills— (i) affecting taxation in which States are interested ...................... 274(1). (ii) regarding financial matters ...................................................... 117(1). (iii) regarding formation of new States or alteration, etc., of boundaries of States............................................................. 3 Proviso recommendation to be regarded as matter of procedure ...................................................................................... 255. removal from office of..................................................................... 56(1) Proviso (b). resignation of office by.................................................................... 56(1) proviso (a). supplementary grants, causes to be laid before Parliament …. 115(1). term of office of ............................................................................... 56. vacancy in the office of, procedure for filling. ................................ 62. PREVENTIVE DETENTION— Advisory Boards— constitution of and reports by ..................................................... 22(4) (a). procedure to be followed by ....................................................... 22(7)(c). for reasons connected with the security of a State...........................
Sch. VII, List III-3.
for reasons connected with the security of India .............................
Sch. VII, List I-9.
PRESIDENT—contd. period of detention— not to exceed 3 months ................................................................ may exceed 3 months in certain circumstances............................ maximum—may be prescribed by Parliament ................................ person detained under— facts may not be communicated to—if against public interest.................................................................................... grounds of detention to be communicated to ................................... PRICE CONTROL ............................................................................... PRIMARY EDUCATION in mother tongue ....................................... PRIME MINISTER— appointment of ................................................................................. duties of—as respects furnishing information to President 78. is head of Council of Ministers...................................................... salary and allowances of.................................................................. PRINTING PRESSES .......................................................................... PRISONERS subjected to preventive detention, removal from one State to another................................................................. PRISONS .............................................................................................. PROCLAMATION OF EMERGENCY, definition of ........................ PROFESSIONS— legal, medical, etc.................................................. PROHIBITION of intoxicating drinks and drugs, State to introduce— See DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES. Power of High Court to issue writ of.................................................... PROPERTY— acquisition and requisitioning of ..................................................... amount for acquisition of any—of an educational institution established and administered by a minority .................................... no person to be deprived of—save by authority of law................... succession to—, etc. ........................................................................ transfer of agricultural land ............................................................. transfer of—other than agricultural property .................................. PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION—
22(4). 22(4)(a) & (b). 22(7) (a) & (b).
22(6). 22(5) Sch. VII, List III-34. 350A. 75(1). 74(1). 75(6),Sch.VII,List I-75. Sch. VII, List III-39. Sch. VII, List III-4. Sch. VII, List II-4. 366(18). Sch. VII, List III-26.
226. Sch. VII, List III-42. 30(1A). 300A. 294-295. Sch. VII, List II-18. Sch. VII, List III-6.
by single transferable vote: election of members of State Legislative Council ........................ 171(4). election of President...................................................................... 55(3). election of State representatives in the Council of States ............. . 80(4). election of Vice-President ............................................................. 66(1). PUBLIC acts and records, recognition of............................................. 261,Sch. VII, LIST III-12. PUBLIC DEBT— of the States— See DEBT. of the Union—See DEBT. PUBLIC HEALTH AND SANITATION ............................................ Sch. VII, List II-6. PUBLIC NOTIFICATION, definition of............................................. 366(19). PUBLIC ORDER.................................................................................. Sch. VII, List II-1. PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION— annual report of................................................................................ 323. Chairman and members of— appointment of............................................................................ 316(1) & (1A). conditions of service of............................................................... 318. eligibility for holding of offices after ceasing to be members................................................................................... 319(b), (c) & (d). eligibility for re-employment ..................................................... 319. ineligibility for re-appointment .................................................. 316(3). removal from office of................................................................ 316(2) Proviso (b). removal or suspension from office of......................................... 317. resignation by.............................................................................. 316(2) Proviso (a). term of office of.......................................................................... 316(2). expenses of—charged on the Consolidated Fund ......................... 322. functions......................................................................................... 320. power to extend—of ...................................................................... 321. joint—for two or more States ........................................................ 315(2). of State ........................................................................................... 315(1),Sch.VII, List II-41. transitional period, provisions as to............................................... 378.
Union
315(1),Sch.VII,List-I-70.
PUNJAB-
allocation of seats in the Council of States to.................................. State of Sch. I.
Sch. IV.
Q QUARANTINE— inter-State.......................................................................................... Port.................................................................................................... QUO WARRANTO.............................................................................
Sch. VII, List I-81. Sch. VII, List I-28. 32, 226.
R RAILWAYS, definition of ................................................................... 366(20), Sch. VII, List I-22. RAJASTHAN— allocation of seats in the Council of States to.................................. Sch. IV. State of ............................................................................................. Sch. I. RAJPRAMUKH ................................................................................... 361. RECOGNITION of public acts, records and judicial proceedings ....................................................................................... Sch. VII, List III-12. REFORMATORIES ............................................................................. Sch. II, List II-4. REGISTRATION of deeds and documents ......................................... Sch. VII, List III-6. REGULATIONS— validation of certain Acts and........................................................... 31B & Sch. IX. power of President to make—for Union territories.......................... 240. RELIEF of the disabled and unemployable.......................................... Sch. VII, List II-9.
RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS............................................................ REPEALS ............................................................................................. REPRESENTATION—See PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. RESERVE BANK OF INDIA.............................................................. RESTRICTION, reasonable, imposition of.......................................... REVENUE, from Union property ........................................................ RIVERS AND RIVER VALLEYS, regulation and development of inter-State............................................................... RULER— definition of....................................................................................... privy purses, rights and privileges of—abolished ............................ treaties, etc., of—with Government of India, no Court to enquire into disputes regarding.........................................................
Sch. VII, List III-28. 395. Sch. VII, List I-38. 19. Sch. VII, List I-32. Sch. VII, List I-56. 366(22). 363A. 363.
S SALT .................................................................................................... SCHEDULE, definition of.................................................................... SCHEDULED AND TRIBAL AREAS ............................................... Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes— administration of .............................................................................. annual report by Governor to the President..................................... Commission to report on the administration of Scheduled areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes 339. definition of...................................................................................... executive power of State extends to ................................................ law applicable to .............................................................................. Tribes Advisory Council, establishment, etc., of ............................ Tribal Areas in Assam, Meghalaya and Mizoram........................... administration of .............................................................................. application of Acts of Parliament and of the State Legislature to ………………………………………………… autonomous districts and regions in ................................................ Commission to report on the administration of............................... estimated receipts and expenditure to be shown separately in annual financial statements..................................................... District Councils: constitution of .............................................................................. dissolution of Sch. VI, Para. 16. district and regional funds, management by................................ power of— to constitute village councils or courts ....................................... to establish primary schools, etc................................................. to impose taxes and collect revenues, etc................................... to make laws ............................................................................... to make regulations for control of money-lending and trading by non-tribals................................................................ power under C.P.C. and Cr. P.C. may be conferred on.................... publication of laws, etc., made by ..................................................... share of royalties................................................................................ Regional Councils: constitution of .................................................................................. dissolution of................................................................................... district and regional funds, management by....................................... power of— to constitute village councils or courts........................................ to impose taxes and collect revenues, etc ................................... to make laws................................................................................ power under C.P.C. and Cr. P.C. may be conferred on .....................
Sch. VII, List I-58. 366(23). Part X. 244, Sch. V. Sch. V, Para. 3.
Sch. V, Para. 6. Sch. V, Para. 2. Sch. V, Para. 5. Sch. V, Para. 4. Sch. VI, Para. 20. 244(2), Sch. VI. Sch. VI, Para. 12. Sch. VI, Para. I. Sch. VI, Para. 14. Sch. VI, Para. 13. Sch. VI, Para. 2. Sch. VI, Para. 7. Sch. VI, Para. 4. Sch. VI, Para. 6. Sch. VI, Para. 8. Sch. VI, Para. 3. Sch. VI, Para. 10. Sch. VI, Para. 5. Sch. VI, Para. 11. Sch. VI, Para. 9(1). Sch. VI, Para. 2. Sch. VI, Para. 16. Sch. VI, Para. 7. Sch. VI, Para. 4. Sch. VI, Para. 8. Sch. VI, Para. 3. Sch. VI, Para. 5.
publication of laws etc., made by....................................................... Sch. VI, Para. 11. transitional provisions........................................................................ Sch. VI, Para. 19. Governor of Assam, Meghalaya and Mizoram, power of— to administer the areas during transitional period ...................... Sch. VI, Para. 19. to alter, etc., areas inhabited by Scheduled Tribes ..................... Sch.VI, Para.1(2) & (3). to appoint a Commission to report on the administration of autonomous areas ................................................................. Sch. VI, Para. 14. to approve rules made by Regional and District councils Sch. VI, Para. 4(4). to make rules for the management of District and Regional Funds ................................................................ Sch. VI, Para. 7(2). to determine share of royalty in case of dispute......................... Sch. VI, Para. 9(2). to exclude application of Acts of Parliament and State Legislature of Assam to autonomous area in that State ....................................................................................... Sch.VI,Para. 12(1)(b). to modify or withdraw powers conferred on District and Regional Councils under the C.P.C. and Cr. P.C. .................. Sch. VI, Para. 5(2). to order dissolution of a District or Regional Council ............... Sch. VI, Para. 16. to order exclusion of areas from autonomous districts............... Sch. VI, Para. 17. to specify jurisdiction of High court in matters affecting the autonomous areas.................................................................. Sch. VI, Para. 4(3). to suspend acts or resolutions of District or Regional Councils ...................................................................................... Sch. VI, Para. 15. SCHEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES— Claims of—to services and posts..................................................... 335. Commission to report on the welfare of Scheduled Tribes…. 339. definition of...................................................................................... 366(24) & (25). NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SCHEDULED CASTES ........... 338. NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR SCHEDULED TRIBES…… 338A. no bar to make special provisions for the advancement of….. 15. notification ...................................................................................... 341(1) & 342(1). President to specify........................................................................... 341-342. promotion of educational and economic interests of........................ 46. reservation of seats for— in the House of the People............................................................ 330. in the State Legislative Assembly ............................................... 332. to cease after 60 years.................................................................. 334. Special Minister for the welfare of—in certain States ..................... 164(1) Proviso. Special Officer—to be appointed by President………………. 338. SECURITIES, definition of.................................................................. 366(26). SERVICES— all-India services.............................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-70. conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State ...................................................................... 309. continuance of functions................................................................. 375. creation of—common to the Union and the states .......................... 312. existing laws to continue to apply to—during transitional period .............................................................................................. 313. Indian Administrative Service and Indian Police Service ............. to be ………………………………………………………….. 312(2). power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain .......................................................... 312A. protection against dismissal, etc., of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a State ............................... 311. Public— of the State ................................................................................. Sch. VII, List II-41. of the Union ................................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-70. tenure of office of persons serving the Union or a State.......................................................................................... 310.
transitional provisions....................................................................... SHIPPING AND NAVIGATION— maritime ........................................................................................... on inland waterways Sch. VII, List III-32.
313.
on national waterways ..................................................................... SIKKIM— allocation of seat in the Council of States to ................................... special provision with respect to the Statesof 371F.
Sch. VII, List I-24.
Sch. VII, List I-25.
Sch. IV.
State of .................................................................................................. Sch. I. SOCIAL SECURITY AND SOCIAL INSURANCE .......................... Sch. VII, List III-23. SPEAKER—See HOUSE OF THE PEOPLE SPORTS................................................................................................ Sch. VII, List II-33. STAMP DUTIES—See UNDER FINANCE. STATE LEGISLATURE— Acts of—, lack of requirements as to recommendations and previous sanctions not to invaliadate ................................................ 255. Appropriation Bills............................................................................ 204. Bills, assent to—See GOVERNORS and PRESIDENT. Committees of, attendance of persons and production of documents before power, privileges and immunities of. ............. Sch. VII, List II-39. conduct of Supreme and High Court Judges, not to be discussed in ...................................................................................... 211. constitution of ..................................................................................... 168. dissolution of....................................................................................... 174(2)(b). duration of........................................................................................... 172. expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of the State, not subject to vote of.......................................................................... 203(1). other expenditure subject to vote of .................................................... 203(2). language in—See LANGUAGE laws made by—, extent of ................................................................... 245. inoperative if repugnant to Union laws ............................................... 251—254. legislative procedure............................................................................ 196—201. regarding financial matters .................................................................. 202—206. regarding Money Bills ......................................................................... 198. regarding votes on account, votes of credit, etc. ................................. 206. Members of— disqualifications for ....................................................................... 191, Sch. X. decision on question as to .............................................................. 192. oath or affirmation by .................................................................... 188. privileges, etc.,of............................................................................ 194,Sch.VII,List II-39. qualifications for ............................................................................ 173. resignation by................................................................................. 190(3)(b). salaries and allowances of ............................................................. 195,Sch.VII,List II-38. vacation of seats, etc. by ................................................................ 190. voting, etc., by—without making oath or affirmation, etc. 193. power of— to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum .............................. 189. to extend the functions of the State Public Service Commission................................................................................ 321. to make laws regarding— Concurrent List .............................................................................. 246(2),Sch.VII,List III. elections to State Legislature ........................................................ 328. e s t a b l i s h me n t o f a c o n t i n g en c y F un d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 7 ( 2 ) . P r o c e d u r e i n f i n a n c i al ma t t e r s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 9 S t a t e Li s t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 6 ( 3 ) , Sc h . V I I , Li s t I I . p r i v i l e g e s , e t c . , o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9 4 ( 3 ) S c h . VI I ,
List II-39 proceedings of— courts not to question validity of........................... 212. protection of publication of ................................. 361A. prorogation of .................................................... 174(2)(a). quorum in .......................................................... 189(3). restriction on discussion in .................................. 211. rules of procedure ............................................... 208. secretariat of ..................................................... 187. s p e c i a l p r o v i s i o n wi t h r e s p e c t t o t h e S t a t e s o f Maharashtra and Gujarat ..................................... 371(2). s u mmo n i n g o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 4 . Union, relations with— a d mi n i s t r a t i v e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 6 — 2 6 1 . legislative ......................................................... 245—255. v o t i n g i n Ho u s e s o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8 9 . S T A TE LI S T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S c h . VI I , Li s t I I . S T A TE S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A r t . 1 S c h . I . Ad v o c a t e - Ge n e r a l —s e e A DV OC A T E- GE N ER AL alteration of areas, etc. ....................................... 3. c o - o r d i n a t i o n b e t w e e n S t a t e s : P r e s i d e n t ' s p o we r t o a p p o i n t i n t e r - S t a t e Co u n c i l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 3 . e f f e c t o f f a i l u r e t o c o mp l y wi t h , o r t o g i v e e f f e c t t o , d i r e c t i o n s g i v e n b y Un i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 5 . e x e c u t i v e a c t i o n o f — t o b e t a k e n i n t h e n a me o f Governor ........................................................... 166(1). e x e c u t i v e p o we r o f — ex t e n t o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 2 . e x e c u t i v e p o we r o f — t o v e s t i n Go v e r n o r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5 4 ( 1 ) . f a i l u r e o f c o n s t i tu t i o n a l ma c h i n e r y i n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5 6 . f o r ma t i o n o f n e w S t a t e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . Go v e r n o r —s e e G O V ER NO R S . Hi g h C o u r t —s e e HI G H C OU R TS . Le g i s l a t i v e As s e mb l y— c o mp o s i t i o n o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 0 . dissolution of ................................................. 174(2)(b). duration of ..................................................... 172. r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f An g l o - I n d i a n s i n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 3 . r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f S c h e d u l ed C a s t e a n d S c h e d u l e d Tribes in. ....................................................... 332. Speaker and Deputy Speaker of— casting vote of ............................................... 189(1). choosing of .................................................... 178. n o t t o p r e s i d e wh i l e a r e s o l u t i o n f o r r e mo v a l i s u nd e r consideration ................................................ 181. p e r f o r ma n c e o f d u t i e s o f o f f i c e o f , d u r i n g t h e absence, etc., of ............................................ 180. r e mo v a l f r o m o f f i c e o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 9 ( c ) resignation of office by ..................................... 179(b) salaries and allowances of ................................ 186, Sch. II, Part C, Para. 8 & Sch. VII, List II-38. vacation of office of ......................................... 179(a). L e g i s l a t i v e C o u nc i l — abolition or creation of ..................................... 169. C h a i r ma n a n d D e p u t y C h a i r ma n o f — casting vote of ................................................. 189(1). choosing of ...................................................... 182. n o t t o p r e s i d e wh i l e a r e s o l u t i o n f o r r e mo v a l i s u nd e r consideration .................................................. 185.
p e r f o r ma n c e o f d u t i e s o f o f f i c e o f , d u r i n g h i s absence, etc. .................................................... r e mo v a l f r o m o f f i c e o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . resignation of office by .................................... S T A TE S — c o n t d . salaries and allowances, etc, of ..........................
184. 183(c). 183(b).
186, Sch. II, Part C & S c h . VI I , Li s t I I - 3 8 . vacation of office of ......................................... 183(a). c o mp o s i t i o n o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 1 . duration of ....................................................... 172(2). mo n o p o l i e s — s e e M ON O P O LI E S . welfare of the people ........................................ 38. S T OC K E XC H AN G E S A N D F U TU R ES M AR K ETS . . . . . S c h . VI I , Li s t I - 4 8 . S UB O R D I N A T E C O UR TS , c o n t r o l o v e r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 5 . S UB - C L AU S E, d e f i n i t i o n o f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6 6 ( 2 7 ) . S UC C ES S I O N t o p r o p e r t y , a s s e t s , r i g h t s , l i a b i l i t i e s a n d o b l i g a t i o ns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 4 - 2 9 5 . S UI T S a n d p r o c e e d i n g s b y o r a g a i n s t t h e Un i o n o r t h e States ................................................................ 300. S U P P LE M E N T AR Y G R AN TS — procedure relating to— i n P a r l i a me n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 5 . i n S t a t e L e gi s l a t u r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 0 5 . S U PR EM E CO UR T— a d h o c J u d g e s o f — t h e i r a p p o in t me n t , e t c . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 7 . a d mi n i s t r a t i v e e x p e n s e s o f — t o b e c h a r g e d o n t h e C o n s o l i d ate d F u n d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4 6 ( 3 ) . ancillary powers of—, Parliament may confer on ........................ 140. appointment of officers and servants of........................................ 146. authorities to act in aid of.............................................................. 144. certificate for appeal to.................................................................. 134A. Chief Justice of— acting, appointment of................................................................... 126. appointment of—See JUDGES. appointment of arbitrator by—regarding extra cost of State administration.................................................................... 257(4), 258(3). Constitution, organisation, jurisdiction and powers of ................. Sch. VII, List I-77. court of record ............................................................................... 129. decision of—regarding doubts or disputes arising out of the election of President or Vice-President of India .................... 71. enforcement of decrees and orders of ........................................... 142(1). enlargement of jurisdiction of......................................................... 138. establishment and constitution of.................................................. 124. expenses of .................................................................................... 146. Federal Court— Judges of—to become Judges of................................................... 374(1). powers and jurisdiction of—to be exercisable by......................... 135. suits, appeals and proceedings pending in—, to be removed to..................................................................................... 374(2). grant of special leave by—to appeal ............................................. 136. Judges of— SUPREME COURT—contd. ad hoc ............................................................................................ 127. age of retirement of ....................................................................... 124(2). appointment of............................................................................... 124(2). conduct of—not to be discussed in Parliament or State Legislature .............................................................................. 121, 211. determination of age of..................................................................... 124(2A).
disqualification of—for pleading or acting in any court, etc........................................................................................... 124(7). oath or affirmations by..................................................................... 124(6). privileges, allowances, etc., of......................................................... 125(2) qualifications for appointment of..................................................... 124(3). removal from office of..................................................................... 124(2) Proviso (b). salaries and allowances of ............................................................... 125(1), Sch.II,Part D. Para 9. Jurisdiction of— advisory....................................................................................... 143. appellate— in cases involving interpretation of the Constitution ............. 132. in civil matters ....................................................................... 133. in criminal matters................................................................. 134. original .............................................................................................. 131. language of—See LANGUAGE law declared by—binding on all courts............................................. 141. power of— to issue writs for enforcement of Fundamental Rights............... 32. to punish for contempt................................................................ 129. to review its own judgment ........................................................ 137. Privy Councils in Part B States, proceedings pending in, to be removed to ......................................................................... 374(4). retired Judges of—attendance at sittings of....................................... 128. rules of ............................................................................................... 145. seat of................................................................................................. 130. special leave by.................................................................................. 136. SURVEYS OF INDIA....................................................................... Sch. VII, List 1-68. T TAMIL NADU— allocation of seats in the Council of States to ............................ State of ........................................................................................ TAX ON INCOME definition of...................................................... TAX ON SALE OR PURCHASE, definition of............................ TAXATION definition of.................................................................... TAXES—See FINANCE TELEGRAPHS AND TELEPHONES................................................. TEMPORARY, TRANSITIONAL AND SPECIAL PROVISIONS (PART XXI)— relating to— Comptroller and Auditor-General ................................................. Judges of— High Courts....................................................................................... Federal Court .................................................................................... Laws— adaptation of existing..................................................................... continuance of existing .................................................................. legal proceedings pending in— Federal Court .............................................................................. His Majesty in Council ............................................................... Privy Councils of Part B States .................................................. power of Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List .................................................................... power of the President— to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention.................................................................................... to remove difficulties................................................................... Public Service Commission.............................................................
Sch. IV. Sch. I. 366(29). 366(29A). 366(28). Sch. VII, List 1-131.
377. 376. 374. 372(2). 372A. 372(1). 374(2). 374(3). 374(4). 369.
373. 392. 378.
State of Andhra Pradesh .................................................................. 371D. State of Arunachal Pradesh.............................................................. 371H. State of Assam ................................................................................. 371B. State of Goa ..................................................................................... 371.I. State of Gujarat ................................................................................ 371(2). State of Jammu and Kashmir........................................................... 370. State of Maharashtra ........................................................................ 371(2). State of Manipur .............................................................................. 371C. State of Mizoram ............................................................................. 371G. State of Nagaland............................................................................. 371A. State of Sikkim................................................................................. 371F. TERRITORIAL WATERS, things lying in, or continental shelf, vest in the Union .................................................................... 297. THEATRES AND DRAMATIC PERFORMANCES...................... Sch. VII, List II-33. TITLES— abolition of .................................................................................... 18. citizens of India not to accept—from any foreign State ............... 18(2). servants of State not to accept—presents, etc., from foreign State except with President's consent ...................... 18(3) & (4). State not to confer—except military or academic distinction..................................................................................... 18(1). TOLLS .................................................................................................. Sch. VII, List II-59. TRADE AND COMMERCE— inter-State......................................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-42. relating to products of industries controlled by Union..................... Sch. VII, List III-33. restrictions on legislative powers ..................................................... 303. with foreign countries ....................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-41. within a State .................................................................................... Sch. VII. List II-26. TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTER−COURSE— freedom of......................................................................................... 301—303. power to carry on—etc. .................................................................... 298 power to impose restrictions on— of State Legislature ........................................................................... 304. of Parliament..................................................................................... 302. TRADE MARKS AND MERCHANDISE MARKS........................... Sch. VII, List I-49. TRADE REPRESENTATION ............................................................. Sch. VII, List I-11. TRADE UNIONS ................................................................................. Sch. VII, List III-22. TRADING CORPORATION—See CORPORATIONS. TRANSFER OF PROPERTY other than agricultural land.................................................................................................... Sch. VII, List III-6. TREASURE TROVE ........................................................................... Sch. VII, List II-44. TRIBES, Nomadic and Migratory........................................................ Sch. VII, List III-15. TRIBUNALS— Administrative .................................................................................. 323A. for other matters................................................................................. 323B. TRIPURA— allocation of seat in the council of State to....................................... Sch. IV. State of .............................................................................................. Sch. I. TRUSTS AND TRUSTEES ................................................................. Sch. VII, List III-10. official trustees.................................................................................. Sch. VII, List III-11. U UNEMPLOYMENT, assistance in case of, by the State ..................... UNION— admission into—or establishment of new States in.......................... deployment of armed forces or other forces of the—in any State in aid of the civil power......................................................... directions by—effect of failure by the States to comply with or to give effect to....................................................................
41. 2. Sch. VII, List I-2A. 365.
duty of—to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbances ....................................................................... exemption of—property from State taxation.................................... executive power of —extent of ........................................................ executive power of—vests in the President...................................... Hindi, official language of............................................................... jurisdiction of—in relation to territories outside India..................................................................................... name and territory of—See INDIA. property of........................................................................................ relations between the States and— administrative ................................................................................ co-ordination.................................................................................. legislative .......................................................................................
355. 285. 73 53(1). 343. 260. Sch. VII, List I-32. 256—261. 263. 245—255.
restrictions on legislative powers of— and of the States with regard to trade and commerce ................................................................................ 303. suits and proceedings by or against .................................................. 300. UNION LIST ........................................................................................ Sch. VII, List I. UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION...................................... 315. UNION TERRITORIES— administration of............................................................................... 239. definition of....................................................................................... 366(30). High Courts for ................................................................................. 241. power of Administrator to promulgate Ordinances for................................................................................... 239B. power of President to make regulations for...................................... 240. UNITED NATIONS ORGANISATION.............................................. Sch. VII, List I-12. UNIVERSITIES Aligarh .............................................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-63. Benaras.............................................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-63. Delhi.................................................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-63. in Andhra Pradesh............................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-63. of national importance ....................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-63. others.................................................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-63. UNTOUCHABILITY, abolition of ...................................................... 17. UTTARANCHAL— Allocation of seats in the Council of States to ……………. Sch. IV. State of ……………………………………………………….. Sch. I. UTTAR PRADESH— allocation of seats in the Council of States to................................... Sch. IV. Legislative Council for ..................................................................... 168. State of .............................................................................................. Sch. I. V VAGRANCY........................................................................................ VALIDATION of certain Acts and Regulations about acquisition of estates......................................................................... VEHICLES, MECHANICALLY PROPELLED ................................. VETERINARY training and practice, preservation of stock, etc. .......................................................................................... VICE-PRESIDENT OF INDIA............................................................ conditions of office of....................................................................... election of ......................................................................................... is ex-officio Chairman of the Council of States................................ matters relating to election of ............................................................ oath or affirmation by ........................................................................
Sch. VII, List III-15. 31B and Sch. IX. Sch. VII, List III-35. Sch. VII, List II-15. 63. 66(2) and (4). 66. Sch.VII,List I-72. 64. 71. 69.
qualifications for election as.............................................................. 66(3). removal from office of....................................................................... 67 Proviso (b). resignation of office by...................................................................... 67 Proviso (a). salaries, etc., of .................................................................................. Sch. II. Part C. term of office of ................................................................................. 67. to act, etc., as President in case of vacancy in President's office ................................................................................................ 65. vacancy in the office of....................................................................... 68. VILLAGE PANCHAYATS, organisation of, by the State......................................................................................... 40. VISAS ................................................................................................... Sch. VII, List I-19. VOTE— Single transferable with proportional representation— See PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION. VOTING ON GRANTS— on account and of credit, etc.— by House of the People ..................................................................... 116. by State Legislative Assembly ......................................................... 206. W WAR AND PEACE.............................................................................. Sch. VII, List I-1, 7& 15. WATER— disputes relating to—, of Inter-State rivers and river valleys............................................................................................ 262. water supplies. irrigation, etc. ....................................................... Sch. VII, List II-17. WATERWAYS— declared by Parliament to be National............................................. Sch. VII, List I-24. inland ............................................................................................... Sch. VII, List II-13. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES— establishment of standards of ........................................................... Sch. VII, List I-50. WEST BENGAL— allocation of seats in the Council of States to................................... Sch. IV. State of .............................................................................................. Sch. I. WILD ANIMALS AND BIRDS, protection of ................................... Sch. VII,List III-17B. WILD LIFE, safeguarding of ............................................................... 48A. WILLS, intestacy and succession......................................................... Sch. VII. List III-5. WIRELESS........................................................................................... Sch. VII. List I-31. WORKERS— participation of—in management of industry.................................... 43A. WORKS, LANDS AND BUILDINGS of the State............................. Sch. VII, List II-35. WORKS, naval, military and air force works ...................................... Sch. VII, List I-4. WRONGS, actionable........................................................................... Sch. VII, List III-8. ______________________________________________________________________________[end of text]
Constitution de l'Inde compilée par indeaparis.com le 03/08/2007