Introduction On the 04th February every year the entire world unites to battle cancer. The objective of celebrating World Cancer day is to spread cancer awareness, encourage the prevention and treatment of cancer and to motivate the cancer patients.
What Is Cancer? As per WHO, cancer is a generic term used for a large group of diseases that could affect any part of the body. A defining feature of cancer is the rapid formation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries. These cells then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs.
Cancer stats in India
India is most likely to have over 17.3 lakh new cancer cases. Over 8.8 lakh deaths are estimated because of cancer by 2020 (with cancers of breast, lung and cervix topping the list). Over 7.36 lakh people are expected to succumb to cancer in 2016; these figures are estimated to shoot up to 8.8 lakh by 2020. Only 12.5% of patients come for treatment in the early stages of the disease. Breast cancer and mouth cancer topped the list in females and males respectively. According to ICMR, new cases of breast cancer were estimated to be 1.5 lakh (over 10 % of all cancers) in 2016. Breast cancer is the top most fatal disease in India. Lung cancer is 2nd with estimated new cases of 1.14 lakh (83,000 in males and 31,000 in females) during 2016 and 1.4 lakh cases in 2020. Cancer of the cervix is the 3rd most common cancer with estimated 1 lakh new cases in 2016 and about 1.04 lakh during 2020. The overall proportion of patients visiting early - localized stage is only 12.5%.
World Cancer statistics An estimated 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred worldwide in 2012. Countries at a low or medium level of Human Development Index (HDI) have an occurrence of more than 4 in ten cancers occurring worldwide. 4 of the most common cancers worldwide are cancers of lung, female breast, bowel and prostate cancer. These account for approximately 4 in 10 of all cancers that are diagnosed worldwide. Lung cancer is the most common cancer occurring in men worldwide. More than 1 in 10 diagnosed in men are lung cancers. Since 1975, cancers of the lung, breast and bowel (including anus), stomach and prostate cancers are the most commonly diagnosed worldwide. In 2008, an estimated 169.3 million years of healthy life were lost because of cancer globally. Worldwide there will be 23.6 million new cases of cancer each year by 2030 (estimated).
Cancer Facts There are a lot of cancer myth & facts. Following are some of the important cancer facts There are more than 100 types of cancers and any part of the body can be affected In 2008, 7.6 million people died of cancer - 13% of all deaths worldwidel About 70% of all cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries World’s 5 most common types of cancer responsible for death in men are (in order of frequency): lung, stomach, liver, colorectal and oesophagus World’s 5 most common types of cancer responsible for death in females are (in the order of frequency): breast, lung, stomach, colorectal and cervical. In many developing countries, cervical cancer is the most common cancer Tobacco use is the single largest preventable cause of cancer in the world responsible for 22% of cancer deaths 1/5th of all cancers in the world are caused by a chronic infection, like human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer and hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes liver cancer Cancers of major public health relevance such as breast, cervical and colorectal cancer can be cured if detected early and treated adequately More than 30% of cancer could be prevented, mainly by not using tobacco, having a healthy diet, being physically active and moderating the use of alcohol. In developing countries up to 20% of cancer deaths could be prevented by immunization against the infection of HBV and HPV.
World Cancer Day In India This year, in February 2017, the Union health ministry is set to roll out a massive free door-to-door screening programme for the early detection of cancer, heart disorders and diabetes, as they account for over 35% of all deaths in India. The programme is focused on the preventive-care measures planned by the health ministry. It is targeted at the age group of 30-69 years, which constitutes almost 37% of the total population. This population is apparently highly vulnerable to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like cancer and diabetes which account for 55% of the premature mortality in the same age group. This programme would be flagged off by PM Modi on February 4, which is World Cancer Day. Under the initiative, the government aims at testing over one-third of the population in a year — a scale that has not been attempted before.
Causes of cancer Most cancers are related to environmental, lifestyle, or behavioral exposures. Cancer results from an uncontrollable growth of cells. Normal cells in the body are responsible for growth, division, and death. When this normal functioning is hampered and when this process breaks down, it causes cancer. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells do not experience programmatic death; instead continue to grow and divide. This leads to a mass of abnormal cells that grows out of control. Let’s see what are the risks factors for cancer in the next slide‌
Cancer risk factors
Cancer Symptoms Cancer is a group of diseases that can have varied symptoms. These symptoms depend on where the cancer growth has originated, its size and how much it has spread. Not to mention that it is also one of the silent killer diseases. It might not exhibit any signs and symptoms in a person. Cancer signs and symptoms can be remembered by the acronym “CAUTION US� which stands for:
Change in bowel or bladder habits Any sore that does not heal. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere. Indigestion. Obvious change in a wart or mole. Nagging cough or hoarseness. Unexplained anaemia. Sudden and unexplained weight loss.
Types Of Cancers There are more than 100 types of cancer. Cancer can be broadly classified as follows:
Cancer Types Anatomical location
From where the cancer cells originate: for example – Prostate cancer, Breast cancer
Based on the tissue from which it originates
Cancers are additionally classified by the type of cell from where the tumor cells originate. For example: carcinoma originates from epithelial cells and sarcoma originates from the connective tissue
Size of the cancerous growth
Cancer based on the size as seen under the microscope. For example: giant cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma
Prevention As per WHO, At least 1/3rd of all cancer cases are preventable and prevention provides the most cost-effective long-term strategy for the control of cancer.
Avoiding the risk factors.
Immunization against cancer. Example: HBV, HPV vaccines Awareness about cancer.
Preventive checkups
Simplest Cancer Prevention tips Though there is a lot of confusion about the facts on cancer prevention, it is a well-accepted fact that the chances of you developing cancer are affected by the lifestyle choices you make. You can follow simple things to save yourself from cancer. Eat healthy: Even though there is no specific “cancer diet”. However, you can make healthy choices for example: extra-virgin olive oil and mixed nuts might have a reduced risk of breast cancer. You also need to avoid all the high calorie and high sugar foods to save yourself from the excess trouble of being obese and putting on the unhealthy weight. Staying positively active: Its always beneficial to stay active, positive and to maintain a healthy weight. Cancer Screening : It helps to detect cancer at an early stages
which can lead to much better prognosis of the disease due to effective treatment and management.
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