MORE HISTORIES
VOLUME II
Blaming Eve it on
AN ANTHOLOGY OF STORIES ON WOMEN IN MALTA
GIOVANNI BONELLO
Blaming Eve it on
GIOVANNI BONELLO
First published by Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti and Kite Group Ltd, 2024
Editorial Copyright © Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti, 2024
Literary Copyright © Giovanni Bonello, 2024
Photographic Copyright © Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti, photographers, and institutions, 2024
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the author, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without prior conditions, including this condition, being imposed on any subsequent publisher.
This new series is being generously supported by the Francis Miller Memorial Fund.
Creative Director
Michael Lowell
Design and Layout
Lisa Attard
Editor Giulia Privitelli
Illustrations
Rebecca Bonaci
Produced by Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti
ISBN 978-9918-23-161-4
Printed in Malta Progress Press Co. Ltd in partnership with
MORE HISTORIES VOLUME II
Blaming Eve it on
AN ANTHOLOGY OF STORIES ON WOMEN IN MALTA
GIOVANNI BONELLO
The title page illustration, by Rebecca Bonaci, features uniquely designed interrelated motifs that refect the themes of each volume of this new series, More Histories.
ABOUT THE NEW SERIES
Just over ten years ago, in 2013, Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti published the last volume of Histories of Malta, a twelve-part series which overfows from the narrowest and darkest corners into the most iconic and unforgettable aspects of the Maltese Islands’ history and heritage. Archival and visual records, literature, artefacts and artworks, hearsay, and local knowledge, passed from generation to generation to the perked ears and readied pen of the author, Giovanni Bonello. They fed and shaped that microcosmic narrative, inviting the reader down foreboding corridors and exciting and unexpected turns into, not quite the heart, but the outskirts of Malta’s labyrinthine history. There are many leading actors, both heroes and villians, in these stories, but ultimately it is the one holding the pen who also wields the sword that will deliver the fnal blow. With this new series, it is as though Bonello feels that time has not yet come; there is still more to discover about the monster lurking within before we even dare face it. Some steps ought to be retraced, stories revisited, and others viewed from diferent angles.
To help us, as if equipping us with Ariadne’s thread, stories previously published and scattered among several issues of local newspapers and periodicals have been collected, many widely reworked, and presented here thematically. Though this new series will not be as extensive as its forerunner, its content is nonetheless a potent mix of humanity, crime and creativity, and illustrates some of the most haunting (and hopeful?) questions concerning the human condition: Why do humans err? Who or what can be blamed for such error? How can it be dealt with, transformed, or even, remembered? None of these questions are addressed in a direct way, but read closely and you might catch them watching you, perhaps quietly gesticulating the way onwards. Remember where you are in this labyrinth: the periphery. But, even if against all reason, it is the heart, the centre of all things, that we desire most to reach. And so, we are compelled to thread on, guided by the author’s hand, and with uncertainty accompanied hand in hand with our curiosity.
ABOUT THE VOLUME
Let not us Women glory in Men’s fall, Who had power given to over-rule us all.
Till now your indiscretion sets us free, And makes our former fault much less appear; Our Mother Eve, who tasted of the Tree, Giving to Adam what she held most dear, Was simply good, and had no power to see, The after-coming harm did not appear: The subtle Serpent that our Sex betrayed, Before our fall so sure a plot had laid.
Aemilia Lanyer, Deus Rex Judaeorum (1611)
History-writing has not been kind to women. Or rather it has been unkinder, which is ironic if we had to stick to the generative meaning of this word. Women— the rib that causes the wound—have been treated as both the womb and tomb of men, the scabbard of the sword, the wench, nymph, crone—chronicling that thorny and stigmatic view of women as a reproductive organ with legs. From ‘wif’ (Old English for ‘woman’) to the (un)possessable ‘wife’, many were (and are) the words used to articulate and defne a woman’s journey through life and across the ages—words determined by attitudes towards women which, perhaps not so surprisingly, still echo loudly in the vocabulary and gendered language used today. But though much is revealed through language, a woman’s say on history amounts to much, much more than that. And so strong is her say that despite the crippled and voiceless state to which she is often reduced, volumes have been written, are being written, and could still be written about her resilience,
her pursuit of change, her determining presence that made and makes history, that is history.
Once considered almost ubiquitously the undoer of man, she now provokes another undoing: that of written history. As in other publications revolving around the place of women in history, this second volume of More Histories strives to collect and present revaluations of history with her as protagonist, or at least as an equal player of history, in this case, in the socio-political, legal, and cultural timeline of Malta. Penned by a former judge of the European Court of Human Rights, Giovanni Bonello admits to the overbearing superiority and elevation of the male chromosome and, through a series of anecdotes—at times fctional and enigmatic—rescales it to its proper size, revealing how devastatingly lacking it often is. With his distinctive witty touch, he introduces an ingredient that is far too often absent from retellings of stories about women, however violent and upsetting: humour, turned around to face ‘man’ head on.
To you, reader, of whatever sex, gender, and standing, may these retellings prove to be a rewarding venture, full of double-takes, discoveries, and revelations. And may it add another step to your Magdalene experience in which you rush forth to share with all, all that you have discovered: not a tomb full of rot and shame, but an empty one—a cave of mystery that signals not death but life, hope, and possibility where, perhaps, you least expected it.
Giulia Privitelli Editor
Quadruple Murder in Malta in 1672
Temptations of a Young Knight: Agostino Grimaldi (1639–1660)
When the Inquisitor and the Grand Master Clashed over a Young Lady
Gio Domenico Ottonelli on Lechery in Malta
When All Paris Laughed at the Balì De Mesmes
Abortion in Malta at the Time of the Knights
The Love Children of Grand Master de Valette
Christian Warriors, Mortal Sinners
Memories of Caterina Scappi
Maltese Women in the Books of the Knights: The First Fifty Years
Laura Battiferra: A Poetess for the Great Siege
On the Trail of the First Maltese Woman Translator
Mixed Marriages in the Early British Period
Enigmas of the Maltese Għonnella
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Giovanni Bonello served as a Judge at the European Court of Human Rights for twelve years, after a career as a constitutional and human rights lawyer, in the course of which he defended 170 human rights lawsuits in domestic and international courts. He is a founding member of the European Commission for Democracy through Law (The Venice Commission); drafted the European Convention Act in 1987; chaired the National Commission for the Reform of the Administration of Justice and the Drugs Ofenders Rehabilitation Board, and the University Board for Discipline and Ethics, the Notarial Archives Foundation, and the Bank of Valletta Art Committee. He also served as President of the Malta Historical Society.
Presently, Bonello is General Editor of Fondazzjoni Patrimonju Malti, and chairs the Strickland Foundation. He is Cavaliere della Republica of Italy and was a member knight of the Sovereign Military Order of St John. He was awarded gold medals by the Malta Society of Arts, Manufacture and Commerce, and by the Judiciary of Moldova, and the insignia of merit by the Russian Federation. He was made Companion of the National Order of Merit and, most recently in 2023, he was awarded a Doctorate of Literature Honoris Causa by the University of Malta. His interests include archival research, non-fgurative photography, African art, and Baroque music, and has written extensively on these topics and on human rights and constitutional law, publishing no less than thirty-six volumes, fve of which were awarded ‘Best Book of the Year’ award by the Malta National Book Council. Five books about his career and achievements have been published independently.
PROVENANCE
The chapters included in this volume, many revised and augmented, were frst published as shown in brackets:
STOM – The Sunday Times of Malta
TOM – Times of Malta
Quadruple Murder in Malta in 1672 (STOM, 17 and 24 November 2013)
Temptations of A Young Knight (STOM, 27 November and 13 December 2015)
When the Inquisitor and the Grand Master Clashed over a Young Lady (STOM, 2 July 2017)
Gio Domenico Ottonelli on Lechery in Malta (STOM, 31 March 2019)
When All Paris Laughed at the Balì De Mesmes (STOM, 23 February and 2 March 2014)
Abortion in Malta at the Time of the Knights (STOM, 3 and 10 December 2017)
The Love Children of Grand Master Jean de Valette (STOM, 26 May and 2 June 2013)
Christian Warriors, Mortal Sinners (TOM, 14 April 2019)
Memories of Caterina Scappi (STOM, 23 and 30 August 2015)
Maltese Women in the Books of the Knights: The First Fifty Years (STOM, 4 October 2020)
Laura Battiferra: A Poetess for the Great Siege (TOM; 28 July and 4 August 2012)
On the Trail of the First Maltese Woman Translator (STOM, 21 May 2023; Reproduced in Gabriel Farrugia and Theresa Vella, eds, Scientiae et Patriae: Festschrift in honour of Maroma Camilleri [Malta: Malta Libraries, 2024], pages 55-66)
Mixed Marriages in the Early British Period (STOM, 9 and 23 September 2012)
Enigmas of the Maltese Għonnella (Treasures of Malta, Vol. 25 No.2, Easter 2019)
INDEX
AAbela, Joan 137
Abela, Gian Francesco 232
Abela, Gio Batta 92
Abela, Leonardo, Bishop of Sidon 47
Accademia Senese degli Innocenti 164
Accarigi, Fra' Giocondo 137
Fra' Giulio Cesare 137
Adalbert of Hamburg-Bremen 118
Adam vi, 32, 56
Adelaide, Queen 216, 217
Aeneid 161
Agrippina 7
Aix-en-Provence (France) 26
Akhmatova, Anna 88
Albertini 22n4
Alboranti,
Caterina 145
Gabriello 145
Alcides (Hercules) 178
Alexander VI, Pope 187
Alexander VII, Pope 32
Alexander Street (Valletta) 192, 211
Alfonce,
Alexandre 111
Emanuel 112
Allori, Alessandro 164, 166
Aloisia 156
Alte Pinakothek, Munich 99
Amazon 31
Ammannati, Bartolomeo 161, 164-165, 167, 168, 178, 183
Claudio 165
Ancien régime 74
Angelica 80, 85
Annuccia 154
Antoinette 111
Aquilina, Mario 92
Archbishop Street (Valletta) 144
Archdiocese of Malta 193-194, 194
Argenta 147
Ariosto, Ludovico 80, 161
Arrigucci, Andrea 119
Astell, Mary 56
Astier, Régine 72, 80, 83, 86
Attard,
Euphemia 50, 54
Giovanni Paolo 50
Auberge d’Italie 156
Auguste 81-82, 84
Ave Maria 36
Avogadro, Fra' Filiberto 156
B
Bac, Fra' Domenic 154
Bacchantes 81
Baldacchino, Giacomo, Notary 119, 124n16
Bailif of Eagle 137
Bandinelli, Fra' Ottavio 137
Barbary Coast 8, 17, 29
Barbazza, Francesco 115
Baroque 26, 127-128, 135, 244
Battiferra, Antonia 162
Ascanio 163
Giovan’ Antonio 162
Giulio 163
Jacobo 162
Battiferra Ammannati, Laura 159, 160-165, 167-169, 171, 173, 175, 177-178, 180-184
‘Bedoja’, Catherina 157
Bell, John 220
Bembo, Fra' Pietro 179, 187
Benczur, Gyula 125 Benson,
Dr Edward 224
Robert Hugh 224
Berain, Jean 73
Bertu u Rosi 21
Biblioteca Norberto Bobbio (Turin) 3, 22
Bibliothèque nationale de France 131
Birgu (see Vittoriosa)
Birkirkara (Malta) 91, 190, 192
Blankaart, Steven 143
Boccaccio, Giovanni 64, 129, 185, 187, 188, 194, 196
Bologna (Italy) 3, 21, 22n3-6
Bonaci, Rebecca iv
Bonaventura, Perina 157
Bonavita, Ignazio Gavino, Judge 215
Bonnici, Grazia 92
Borg, Maria Carmela, née Mamo 217-219, 221, 226-227
Natalizia 92
Borgia, Cesare 21
Lucrezia 179, 187
Bormla (Cospicua) 90-91
Bosio, Giacomo 116, 118-119
Bourbon 195
Bouverie, Sir Henry Frederick, Governor 192, 210-211
Bracciolini, Niccolò 174
Bravin, Modesta 90
Brescia (Italy) 169
Briggs, Rev. Elias 192
Brindisi (Italy) 148
Britannicus 7
Britain (see Great Britain)
Bronzino, Agnolo 159, 163-164, 167
Buhagiar, Salvu 149
Buonaccorsi (Bonaccorso), Antonio 119
Family 119, 120
Giovanni 119
Giulio 119
Niccolò 119
Stefano 119-123
Buonamici, Francesco 54
Busavia, Nicola 119
Buttigieg, Domenico 150n20
Calabria (Italy) 21
Calleja, Giasmina 157
Callette, Agostino 155
Calli (Calì)
Giovanni 155
Isabella 155
Calorio (Coleiro), Prudenzia 156
Caltabiano, Salvatore 195
Calvi, Pasquale 195
Calzolari, Pietro 168
Camenzuli, Ferdinando 150n20
Camerata 183
Candia (Heraklion) 38, 39-40
Caniso, Francesco 145
Sperenza 145
Canton Ticino 189
Capello, Giacomo 128
Carasi 51, 237
Cardinale, Antonia 155
Carmelite Order 91
Carnival 62, 63, 65
Caro, Annibale 168-169
Carreri, Gemelli 238
Carroz, Fra' Vincenzo 35-36
Cars, J. F. 70
Caruana Dingli, Edward 229, 241
Casa Rocca Piccola House Museum 240
Casa Scappi 138
Casanova, Giacomo 74
Casetta 93, 95, 141, 141-142, 144
Cassar, Girolamo 146
Vittorio 146
Cassia, Giacomo, SJ 62
Castellano d’Amposta 35
Catania (Sicily) 47-48, 50, 62, 232
Catherine ‘Grecque’ 107-108, 110, 114, 118
Catholic Curia 213
Cavendish Ponsonby, Fredrick, Governor 222
Ceci, Salvatore, Magisrate 227
Celano (Italy) 231
Cellini, Benvenuto 167
Cenci,
Beatrice 1, 9, 10 Francesco 10
Lucrezia 9
Certaldo (Italy) 189
Chapel of N[ostra] Donna Dioria 148 of Our Lady of Philermos 54 of St Magdalene 148 of St Theresa 85 of St Nicholas of Tolentino 148
Chapelle, Francesco, Judge 215
Charles V, King 34
Charles IX, King 105, 106, 111, 113
Charlotte 111
Chiesa
della Madonna delle Grazie 29 di San Giovannino degli Scolopi 164, 166, 183
Chigi, Fabio, Inquisitor 32
China 80
Chirazza di Malta 55, 233
Christ 33-34, 38, 105, 130, 173
Christ and the Canaanite Woman (painting) 164, 166
Ciantar, Giovann’ Antonio, Count 232
Ciappara, Frans 90
Cibo, Eleonora (also Cybo) 175, 176, 177 Cicero 33
Città del Castello (Umbria) 173
Città Vittoriosa (see Vittoriosa)
Civil Establishment of Dependents 191
Clarini, Pietro 155
Claudio 156
Coccapane, Maddalena 162-163
Codice de Rohan 201, 203, 207-209, 211
Codice Municipale 201
Coelemans, Jacob 27
Coleiro (Calorio), Prudenzia 156
Colonial Library of Valletta 241 Colonna, Vittoria 179-180
Commanderie de Vaulx 111
Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel 133, 135, 148-149, 150 of Santa Caterina d’Italia 192, 194 of St Catherine 51 of St Lawrence 119 of St Ursula 51 of the Discalced Carmelites 85
Congregation of the Nobles 29 Conservatorio Gesù e Maria (Cospicua) 91 Constant, Fra' Claude 155
Conti, Fra' Ascanio 137
Convent
Murate 175 of Santa Scolastica 91 of St Catherine 51 of St Ursula 48, 50-51, 90 of the Augustinians 141, 148-149 of the Magdalene Nuns (Repentite) 138, 139, 140, 204
Corfu 37
Corogna, Luigi 90
Correa Montenegro, Fra' Antonio 38 Corsica 189
Cospicua 91
Cotoner, Nicolás, Grand Master 3, 47, 130
Council of Elvira 96
of the Order 122, 138, 153-157 of Trent 188, 222, 224
Counter Reformation 167-168
Court of Special Commission 191
Crete (Candia) 38, 39-40, 40, 42
Cumbo Navarra
Baron Ugolino 90
Gertrude 90
Cutelli,
Don Mario, Count 47-48
Ferrante 50
Fra' Francesco 47, 50-51, 54
Giuseppe 47
Cybo, Eleonora (see Cibo)
Cyprus 189
Ċilqana / Ċulqana 231
DD’Andria, Paola 156
D’Homedes, Fra' Hieronimo 157
Da Cortona, Pietro 58
Da Varignana, Lucia 21
Da Vinci, Leonardo 87
Dal Pozzo, Bartolomeo 10
Dalzel, Archibald 191
Andrew 191
Charles Shaw 192
Edward 191
George 191-192, 205, 208, 211
Martha Jane 192
Dalzel & Gingell 191, 206
Dalzel Onofrio, Jane 189, 194, 196, 197
Dante 164
De Añaia 157
De Ballestreros, Fra' Domingo Lopez 156
De Beauvoir, Simone 200
De Boissat de Licieu, Pierre 45
De Bonetiis, Vincenzo Bonaventura 157
De Gand, Alexandre Maximilien Balthazar Villain, Count of Middleburg 80
De Gremonville, Fra' Francois Bretel 40
De la Porta, Fra' Giovanni 155
De L’Isle-Adam, Philippe Villiers, Grand Master 117-118
De L’Isle-Bouchart 111
De la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés 68
De Leu, Thomas 106
De Loudun, Caterina 145
De Lugny, Fra' Adrien 155
De Medici, Cosimo 170-171, 173, 180, 182 Eleonora 180
De Mesmes, Balì Jean-Jacques 68-69, 70, 7172, 74-78, 80-81, 83-85
De Molino, Speranza 156
De Mondion, François 69
De Morlina, Petrizia 145
De Nava, Giuseppe 157
De Nicolai, Nicolo 233
De Paule, Antoine, Grand Master 130, 145
De Pizan, Christine 46
De Redin, Martin, Grand Master 28, 36-37, 44
De Rhodes (Rodes), Fra' Antoine 111
De Rohan-Polduc, Emmanuel, Grand Master 93, 130, 201, 208
De Saint-Simon, Duc 69
De Toledo, Don Garcia 169, 173, 178, 181
De Valette, Alexandrine 114
Barthélemy 107-108, 110-114, 116, 123
Family 110
Gio Battista (possibly) 124
Jean Parisot, Grand Master 103, 104105, 107-108, 110, 113-114, 115, 116119, 121-123, 124n3
Matteo (possibly) 124
De Valois, Charles, Grand Prior of France 111
De Vertot, L’Abbé 53, 69
De Vilhena, António Manoel, Grand Master 92, 144
Decameron 187, 188
Deguevara, Giuseppe, Notary 119
Del Rosso, Fra' Paolo 182
Della Corgna, Ascanio 175
Della Descrittione di Malta 232
Dell’ Epifania (or della Santa Epifania), Gian Paolo (Giovanni Paolo) 25
Della Strafa, Gentilina 174
Department of Health (Valletta) 137
Depasquale, Antonio 194
Litteria 194
Depiro, Marchesino Adriano 192
Des Chesnes, Fra' Eme 111
Despautere, Jean 120
Despuig, Ramón, Grand Master 71, 130
Di Correggio, Francesco Balbi 177
Di San Francesco, Padre Enrico 26
Dingli, Adriano, Sir 101-102
Anna 92
Paolo, Judge 215 Marius 92 Salvo 92
Dionis, Fra' Petrus 156
Discalced Carmelites 25, 85
Dolivar, Juan 73
Doneo
Caterina 146
Francesco 138, 146
Giovanni 146 Marietta 145
Donna dell’Isola di Malta 233
Doria, Fra' Agostino 155
Drake, Judith 126
Du Mont, Sieur 233
Dubarry, Madame 125
Dupré, François-Xavier 103
Durini, Angelo Maria, Inquisitor 92
EEast 177
Egypt 178, 190, 213
El Escorial (Madrid) 113
Elissa 189
Elizabeth I, Queen 80, 173-174, 231
Epiphany 50
Europe 3, 10, 21, 32, 95, 122, 127, 130, 142, 161, 179, 180
European Court of Human Rights vii Evans Laboratories 144
Eve vi, 20, 32, 56
FFaddighia 232
Fadedda 232
Faldetta 145, 219, 221, 231-232, 235, 237, 240-241
Falsone, Marietta 157
Fanano (Italy) 58
Farnese,
Alessandro (see also Paul III) 163
Fra' Ranuccio 163
Favray, Antoine 233, 237
Fenarolo, Girolamo 169
Fenech, Domenica 145
Ferdinando 5-6, 8, 11, 18
Filippo, Signor 51
First World War 161
Fiteni, Paolo 154
Fiume 189
Flanders 173, 175, 190
Fleming, William 106
Fleury, Fra' Charles / Carogue 155
Florence (Italy) 58, 60, 119, 123, 159, 164165, 166-167, 170, 173, 175, 177, 182183, 187, 188, 189
Floriana (Malta) 141, 204, 208, 209, 225
Fluvian 117
Fondazione Nibbia 141
Foret, Jean (see also Gianforet) 90
Fortuin, Fra' Raimondo 157
France 11, 26-27, 37, 39, 69, 71, 75, 81, 83, 85, 106, 107, 110-114, 116, 118, 132, 145
Francesco (see Scappi)
Freller, Thomas 125, 127, 129
Fremantle, Arthur James Lyon, Governor 225
Furini, Francesco 99
G
G. X. 22
Galea, Canon Paolo 101
Gallerie Nazionali di Arte Antica (Rome) 1
Garibaldi 195
Gascony (France) 118, 189
Gatt, Maria 92
Genesis 230
Genoa 25
Għonnella 145, 230-233, 234, 236-237, 239, 240-242, 241
Gianforet (or Jean Foret) 90
Gibbons, Joseph 212
Gingell, Charles 191
Gio Battista (possibly de Valette) 124
Gioanne 92
Giuliana (see Scappi)
Goddard, Lord Rayner, Chief Justice 212
Goggi, Antonietta 41
Gold Coast 191
Gonnella 231-232
Gori (family) 148
Gori Pannilini, Giovanni Battista 148
Gorizia 189
Government Printing Press 95, 102n15, 196
Government Street Naming Committee 191
Gozo 92-93, 154, 191, 226, 229, 241
Gozo Cathedral 92
Grand Harbour 20
Grand Master’s Palace 69
Grand Studio 239
Grandi, Don Leonardo 48
Grassi, Francesco, Admiral 40
Gratia 92
Grazzini ‘Il Lasca’ 167
Great Siege (1565) 105, 110-111, 114, 119, 153, 157-158, 160, 162, 168-169, 171, 174, 177-178, 180, 182-183
Grimaldi
Family 25
Fra' Agostino 23, 24-26, 27, 28-33, 35, 37-39, 41, 43, 44
Giovanni 28
Girolamo, Cardinal 26, 27
Gristi, Pietro 54
Grotto of St Paul 146
Grungo, Pasquale, Judge 214
Guasconi, Isabella 116, 118-119
Guerra, Cristoforo 109
Guidacci, Francesco 119
Guidotti, Fra' Opizio 55, 64, 233
Guiducci, Madalena 165
Guy of Lusignan 189
Ġ
ilekku / ġilekk 231
Ġnien is-Sultan 17
H
Habat 119
Haxiach, Joanna 92
Heraklion 39-40
Heritage Malta 15, 52, 179
High Renaissance 161
Hiroshima 82
Holy Innocents 101
Holy Land 189
Holy Scriptures 162
Hompesch, Ferdinand, Grand Master 130
Hospitaller Order of Malta (see Order of St
John of Jerusalem)
Houël, Jean 233
Huppeau, Jacques 114
Ħal Għargħur 231
Ħal Kirkop 91
IIl Mediterraneo 228n9
‘Il Moretto’ 233, 235
Il Portafoglio Maltese 101, 207, 210, 219, 227
Ilif, Mary 196
Illustrated Guide of Malta and Gozo 229, 241
Illustrated London News 216
Index of Prohibited Books 187
Inguanez, Francesca 157
Innocent VIII, Pope 175
Innocent XII, Pope 90
Inquisition 18, 47, 54, 146, 187
Inquisitor’s Palace 52, 52, 54
International Eucharistic Congress (1913) 224
Inverness (Scotland) 212
Isabella 4-11, 14, 17-18, 21
Italy 10, 13-14, 58, 64, 141, 170, 175, 187, 189, 195, 244
JJackson Henry, Lord 217
Jameson, Andrew 210
Janssonius, Johannes 39-40
Jesuit College 61, 65
Jesuits (or Society of Jesus, SJ) 29, 57-58, 65, 164-165, 183
Jesus (see Christ)
KKantina Café (Valletta) 191 Kingdom of Italy 195
Kirkham, Victoria 168, 177, 180-181, 184
Knights of St John (see Order of St John of Jerusalem)
Kramer, Heinrich 95
LL’Idea del Cavaliere Gerosolimitano 26, 42-43
L’Ordine 101, 219, 227, 228n9
La Canea 40
La Cassière, Jean L’Evasque, Grand Master 130, 156
Labini, Vincenzo, Bishop 95-96, 97, 98, 100
Lagnosco, Fra' Marc’ Antonio 138, 150n8
Landolina (family) 28
Language Question 196
Langue of Germany (de Bavière) 105
Lanyer, Aemilia vi
Lascaris Castellar, Giovanni Paolo, Grand
Master 28, 58-59, 65, 89
Le triomphe de l’amour 79
Leggi e Costituzioni 92
Leo XIII, Pope 224
Library of Congress 136
Libyan Sea 34
Lija 91
Lintorn Simmons, Sir John, Governor 224
Liotard, Jean Etienne 233
Liverpool 213
Livorno 187, 189
London 53, 97, 195, 201, 205, 216, 225-226
Lonicer, Adam 94
Loreto 164
Louis XIV, King 26, 71
Louis XV, King 77, 125
Luigina 59
Lully 80
M
Madonna di Oria 148
Magdalene nuns (see also Repentite) 237
Maggi, Claudio 41
Veronica 41
Maiano 165
Main Guard Square (Valletta) 233
Maitland, Sir Thomas, Governor 131, 196
Malatesta, Antonio 3, 11, 13
Malleus Malefcarum 18, 19, 95
Mallia, Margherita 92
Malta Steam Flour Mill 217
Malta University (see University of Malta)
Manderaggio 147
Manfredonia (Italy) 61
Mannesson-Mallet, Allain 132
Manuele (slave) 91
Marais, Mathieu 84
Marian Congregation of Artists 58
Mariettina 90
Marina (see Porta di Marina / Monte)
Marmara
Agatha 157
Antonio 157
Marmont, Marshal Auguste 213
Marot, Daniel 79
Marquis of Letni 26
Marriage Act (1975) 223-224
Mars 34, 118
Marseilles (France) 11, 12, 13
Marsigli Rossi, Silvio Antonio 149
Massingberd, Sir Oswald 154
Mattei, Giacomo 26, 43
Matteo (possibly de Valette) 124
Maxfeld, Thomas 207-208
Mazarin, Cardinal 26
Medici, Giovanni Angelo (see Pius IV)
Mediterranean Sea 30
Mediterraneo 218
Medor 80-82
Mellazza, Girolama Lavinia 111
Merchants Street (Valletta) 204
Mercieca, Simon 123-124
Messina (Sicily) 26, 43, 62, 193, 194-195, 228n2
Michelangelo 164
Michigan (USA) 211
Mifsud
Antonio 41
Giobatta 213
Rosa 91
Mignanelli, Fra' Bartolomeo 148
Milanesi, Luigi 195
Militia Ofce 190
Miloro, Anton 195
Minighi, Fra' Giacomo Filippo 154
Mitrovich, Giorgio 201
Modena (Italy) 58
Modica (Sicily) 23, 25-26, 28, 41
Monaco 25
Monastero delle Murate 175
Monastery of St Ursula (see Convent of St Ursula)
Mondovi 156
Monroy 231
Montano
Aloisetta 147
Lucrezia 146
Palermino 146
Monti, Giacomo 3, 11, 13, 22n1
Montmorency, Duke 111
Moscati
Andreotta 90
Lorenza 90
Mount Etna (Sicily) 71
Msida (Malta) 141
Msida Bastions Cemetry 215
Mugwort 93, 94
Muscat
Beatrice, Sr 91
Christine 237
Leonora, Sr 91-92
Musée des Beaux-Arts, Tours 67
M.U.S.E.U.M 242
Muslims 29, 175
Muxi
Anna Maria Pelagia, Sr 50
Arcangelo, Padre 50
Domenico Ignatio 50
Eufemia, Sr 50
Fabritio 47, 50
Giacobino 50, 54
Maria 47, 50-52
Theresa 50-51
Myres, Sir Christopher 154
NNaples (Italy) 10, 111, 180
Napoleon 95, 231 Naselli, Carmelina 232
National Archives of Malta 195
National Archives of Paris 83
National Library of the Netherlands 39-40
National Library of Valletta 3, 42-43, 53, 55, 141, 153, 184, 184n4, 198n1, 199, 228
National Portrait Gallery 106
Navarra, Gertrude (see also Cumbo Navarra) Navarra-Bivona, Giacomo 195
Nazju 21
Neefs, Jacob 172
Neptune 178
Neptune Fountain (Florence) 164, 167, 178
Nero 7
Nero d’Avola 36
Newcastle-upon-Lyme (England) 212
Nibbia, Fra' Giorgio 144
Nice (France) 13, 22n5, 189
Notarial Archives (Valletta) 54, 137, 147
Notarial Archives Foundation 244
Nottinghamshire (England) 196
OOakes, Major General Hildebrand 228n2
Old Bakery Street (Valletta) 138
Olivier, Geronima 155
Onofrio
Argentina 190 Ferdinando 190 Giovanna 191
Giuseppe, Notary 190
Luigi 190-191
Paolo 190
Rosario 192, 193-194, 194-195
Opera (Paris) 75-76, 78, 85
Ordan
Anna 51
Stefano 51
Order of St Stephen 170, 173
Order of Malta (see Order of St John of Jerusalem)
Order of St John of Jerusalem 10, 17, 25, 28, 30, 34, 36-37, 69, 71-72, 89, 97, 105, 107, 111, 117, 119, 122, 127-128, 138, 140, 148, 151, 153, 162, 170, 201, 204, 240, 244
Orion 171, 173
Orlando Furioso 80
Ortolano, Giovanni 41
Ospizio (Floriana) 208, 209
Österreichische Nationalbibliothek 45
Ottoman Turks 39, 171, 182
Ottonelli, Gio Domenico 56-59, 60, 61-62, 64-65
Otto-Peters, Louise 186
P
Pace, Pietro, Bishop of Malta 225 Padova 12, 22n4
Padre Arcangelo di Malta (see Muxi)
Pajas, Teresa 190
Palace Square (Valletta) 36
Palais Royal (Paris) 76, 81
Palazzo Barberini (Rome) 1
Palazzo Falson Historic House Museum 176, 177, 203
Palazzo Vecchio (Florence) 159
Palermo (Sicily) 10, 54n2
Pallavicini, Raniero, Inquisitor 10
Pannelini (family) 148
Pantin 81, 84
Panzavecchia, Fortunato 213
Papanti, Giovanni 187, 189
Paris (France) 45, 68, 71, 75, 81-84, 70, 86n6, 107, 110, 114, 120, 131, 150n13
Parish of St Domenic (Valletta; see also Porto Salvo) 190, 192, 212
Parisi
Antonino 25, 30
Padre 29, 32, 35
Passalaqua, Cesare 41
Paul III, Pope 163
Pavia (Italy) 150n8
Pelagio, Padre 20
Pellegrino, Luigi 195
Perellós y Roccafull, Ramón, Grand Master 51, 53, 71, 130-131, 142
Perez d’Aleccio, Matteo 179
Pertrucci, Fra' Marc’ Antonio 137
Petrarch 164, 182
Philip II, King 173, 180
Piazza della Signoria (Florence) 164, 167, 178
Piccolomini, Fra' Celio 137
Piedmont (Italy) 26
Pietà 141, 146, 211
Pietraviva, Fra' Paolo 156
Pignatelli, Antonio, Inquisitor (see also Innocent XII) 90
Pinto da Fonseca, Manuel, Grand Master 1516, 17, 130
Pisarri, Antonio 22n3
Pius IV, Pope 113
Pius V, Pope 135
Platamone, Donna Aloisia 190
Pope, Alexander 18
Porta di Marina / Monte 6, 8, 17, 52
Porto Salvo / St Domenic (Valletta) 147, 190
Positano, Francesco 146-147
Powell, Jim 160
Preti, Mattia 35
Prevost
Françoise 67, 72, 75, 77, 80, 83-85
Jeanne 85
Protestant 165, 192, 201, 205, 211, 213, 215, 218, 223-224, 226, 242
Provincia di Santo Albetto (Sicily) 26
Prozac 165
Psaila
Angelica 92
Michele 21
QQuinault, Philippe 79
R
Rabat (Malta) 146, 195, 238
Raoux, Jean 67, 70
Regnauld, Fra' Geofroy 111
Reims 118
Renaissance 127, 161
Reni, Guido 1
Repentite 138, 139, 140, 204
Republic Street (Valletta; also Kingsway)
Reynaldos, Francesco 41
Rhodes 39, 107-108, 111, 162
Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam) 27, 172, 185
Rimini (Italy) 12, 22n4
Risorgimento 187
Rivera, Giovanni 155
Rogers, Daniel 18
Roman Curia 169
Rome (Italy) 1, 9, 10, 26, 32, 96, 113, 130, 151, 168, 178, 182, 225
Romegas, Fra' Mathurin d’Aux de Lescout
130
Romoli, Domenico 135
Rose, Jane 212, 214-215
Simon 212-214
Rosetta 119
Rosi 21
Rossetti, Christina 104
Rosso (family) 28
Rosso-Landolina, Donna Girolama 28
Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo (see El Escorial)
Rufo, Fra' Fabrizio, Prior della Bagnara 40
SSacra Infermeria (Valletta) 38, 95, 140-141, 144
Saliba Maria 91
Grazia 91
Salvu 91
Sammut
Clive 192 Giovanni Angelo 90
Sanmaniati
Anna 48
Don Giacomo 48
Sant, Giuseppe 41
Santa Maria della Pietà 141, 149
Santa Maria della Scala (Siena) 141
Santa Veneranda 40
Santo, Marietta 145
Sappho 160, 168
Sarabande 80
Sassi
Carlo Alberto 22n5
Clemente Maria 22n5
Satan 5, 30-31, 90-91, 145, 165
Satariano, Caterina Camilla 190
Savoy 189
Scaglia, Asconio 150n10-11;20
Scappi
Bartolomeo 135, 136
Caterina / ‘La Senese’ 133, 134-135, 136, 137-138, 140-141, 144-149
Francesco (servant) 144
Giuliana (servant) 145
Maria 140
Maria Maddalena, Marchesa 148
Schellinks, Willem 233, 234
Schembri
Giovanni Battista 99
Ignatio 213
School of Music 138
Sciman 91
Sciortino, Dr Paolo 213
Second World War 241
Segond, Abbé 221
Semini
Antonio 205
George 212
Giovanna 205
Joseph A. 211
Margaret 192, 195, 205, 207
Serbelloni
Fabrizio, Inquisitor 91
Gabrio 170
Sereni, Vittorio 164-165
Sicily 25-26, 29-30, 35, 50, 65, 113, 169, 175, 179-180, 189, 194-195, 232
Siena (Italy) 61, 134-135, 137, 140-141, 147-148
Siġġiewi (Malta) 92
Simmons-Rampolla Agreement 224-225
Society of Jesus (SJ; see Jesuits)
Spain 113, 174, 180
Spedale 141
Sprenger, Jacob 95
St Andrews’ Scots Church (Valletta) 212
St Augustine 40, 64
St Bartholomew (Bartolomeo) 164-165
St Catherine of Siena 134-135
St Christopher Street (Valletta) 137
St George’s Square (Valletta) 235
St Gregory 33
St John of God 18
St John’s Conventual Church (also CoCathedral) 40, 54
St Martin 33
St Paul 34
St Paul’s Anglican Cathedral (also ProCathedral) 216, 217
St Paul’s Bay (Malta) 123
St Peter 163
St Ursula Street (Valletta) 49
Stafordshire (England) 212
Stamigna 231
Stato Libero 193-194, 194
Statuta Hospitalis Hierusalem 151
Stevens, William John Jr 214
Stopford, Mary Elizabeth 106
Strada Alessandro (or Alexander Street) 192, 211
Strada Reale (or Republic Street or Kingsway) 51, 191
Strada San Giovanni (or St John Street) 191
Strada San Paolo (or St Paul Street) 217
Strada Stretta (or Strait Street) 192, 212
Stuart, General Sir John 228n2
Sud Tyrol 189
Suda 40
Suor Anna Maria Pelagia (see Muxi)
Suor Eufemia (see Muxi)
Swatar (Malta) 190
Sweden 212
Switzerland 195
Syracuse (Sicily) 61-62
TTa’ Braxia Cemetery (Msida) 211
Tambourine 80
Tasso, Torquato 161
The Convent 105
The Malta Mail 228n9
The Malta Times 226, 228n9
The Other Voice 168
The Trustees of the British Museum 70
Tholossenti, Paolo 41
Titian 109, 163, 185
Tobias 119
Torre Falca 177
Torrellas, Fra' Giovanni Ottone 157
Torto, Fra' Torquato 155
Touchet, Marie 111
Trento (Italy) 189
Treviso (Italy) 22n4
Tridentine 33
Trieste (Italy) 189
Tripoli (Libya) 59
Tropea (Italy) 21
Turin (Italy) 11, 22n1
Turner, Robert 217
Tuscany (Italy) 35, 39, 123, 170, 189
Tyrrhenian Sea 173
U
United Kingdom 201, 215, 224-225
United Kingdom Life Insurance Company 191
United Nations 130
United States of America (USA) 162, 211
University of Chicago 184
University of Malta 3, 22, 22n1, 244
University of Toulouse 114
University of Turin 3, 22
Uramini, Fra' Pietro Maria 137
Urbino (Italy) 162
Ursulines 145
Uzès (France) 114
VVagnon, Fra' Alexander 155
Valera, Fra' Giovanni 41
Valletta 4, 17, 36, 40, 47, 48-49, 62, 65, 69, 90, 95, 121, 129, 130, 133, 135, 137-138, 139, 141, 144, 146-147, 149, 153, 156, 170, 179, 190-192, 205, 211-213, 217, 235, 240-241, 241, 244
Van Dalen, Cornelis II 185
Vassalli, Mikiel Anton 146
Vatican 113, 162, 224
Vecellio, Cesare 109
Vella,
Ambrogio 41
Pietro 150n3;18
Venice (Italy) 22, 22n5, 38, 109, 136
Venice Commission 244
Venturina, Constantia 155
Venus 118, 143
Vercelli 156
Verona (Italy) 12, 22n4
Veronica 91
Versailles (France) 71, 77, 103, 115
Vettori, Pietro 168
Vianeo brothers 21
Victoria Gate (Valletta) 17
Vilhena (see De Vilhena) Legislation (1724) 93
Virgin Mary (or Madonna) 91
Visscher I, Nicolaas 39-40
Vitale, Caterina 135
Vitelli
Faustina 175
Gian Luigi Chiappino 169, 171, 172,
173-175, 177-178
Gian Vincenzo 175
Vittoriosa (Birgu) 33, 52, 91, 119, 121, 124
Vivaldi, Fra' Costanzo 156
W Wardle
Ensign John 213
Hector 213
John 213
Maryanne 213
Teresa Giuseppina, née Zimelli 213
Watt/s, John (Giovanni) Vuat 190
Weil, Simone 24
Weingarten Monastery Library 19
Wellcome Collection 9, 99, 143
Wembley Empire Exhibition (1924) 241
West, Dorothy 152
Westminister Parliament 224
Wettinger, Godfrey 91
Whitechapel (London) 205
Wignacourt Museum (Rabat, Malta) 233, 238
William of Malmesbury 18
Wollstonecraft, Mary 2
World Digital Library 151
X
Xiberras, Ambrogio 150n3;20
Xuereb, Giuseppe ‘ix-Xudi’ 22
Xurqana 231
Z
Zamet, Charles 111
Jean Antoine 111 Zimelli
Ettore (Hector) 212-213
Francesco 63, 199
Giovanna 212, 215, 217
Teresa Giuseppina 213
