PORTFOLIO
about me S K I L LS
EXPERIENCE
“
design is asking the right questions at the right time
Inte r wove n D e si g n G r oup
Brooklyn, NY
Jan 2015-Apr 2015
Industrial Design Consultant Became a part of the Interwoven Design group team developing a medical wearable technology product for Senseonics, focusing on the materials and attachment of the product in creating a sense of security for the user.
-me
Fr e e l anc e John Blackford
Brooklyn, NY
Dec 2014-Apr 2015
Industrial Designer Worked for John Blackford as an Industrial Designer on a commissioned assistive robotics project for Panasonic, Japan; taking humanistic factors into account in the process while working closely with the engineer and programmer. RPF Design Studio
Brooklyn, NY
Nov 2014-Jan 2015
Industrial Design Consultant Worked as a part of the RPF Design Studio team in developing a product for WearSafe, focusing on how technology can be integrated onto the body for users in emergency settings. Iron Oaks
Brooklyn, NY
Aug 2014-Dec 2014
Furniture Designer Worked with the startup furniture design company on a project to project basis to assist with their commissioned furniture designs, as well as developing their furniture line. FILA
New York, NY
Jan 2013-Aug 2013
Footwear Designer My name is Inhae. I hail from a city called Chicago, but currently reside in Brooklyn. I am an Industrial Designer, but I would prefer not restrict myself with the title. Instead, my passion is in problem-solving and design is my toolbox.
E D U C AT I O N Pratt Institute
Worked with the FILA USA footwear design team in creating their women’s FW ‘14 line, and developed new orginal footwear designs to see into production. Al var o Ur i be / Pr att Inc ubator Brooklyn, NY
Design Intern Worked with the designer Alvaro Uribe on projects in ideating and researching for the process of developing multiple tabletop and kitchenware.
AWA R D S Brooklyn, NY
May 2014
Bachelor of Industrial Design with highest honors Sustainability Studies Minor
Aug 2012-Dec 2012
Rowena Reed Kostellow Prize Recipient 2014 Selected Exhibition at Philadelphia Museum of Art (Collab Design Competition) 2013 Pratt Presidential Merit Scholarship 2010-2014 Pratt President’s List 2010-2014
Des ign concept development design research life cycle studies model-making free-hand ideation marker rendering graphic design presentation development Soft ware Solidworks Rhino 3D Keyshot Adobe Illustrator CC Adobe Photoshop CC Adobe InDesign CC Sketchbook Designer Autodesk Fusion 360 Technical rapid prototyping laser cutting CNC basic wood-working foam modeling plastics molding drafting basic sewing Languages English (native) Korean (secondary)
content 1
ISCHEMIA 2014 organ carrier
APPENDIX A
FOOTWEAR 2013 fila internship / freelance work sample
2
AEON 2013 dining table
APPENDIX B
SUSTAINABILITY 2013 life cycle analysis project
3
EDNA 2014 foldable shopping cart
APPENDIX C
SPACE DESIGN 2012-2014 selected 3D work
4
MOBI-AID 2013 mobility aid
5
GUIDEAID 2012 first aid kit
6
SLIQUE 2013 dental tools
7
PILL-XTRACTOR 2014 assistive device
WHY ARE organ carriers NOT DESIGNED FOR THEIR FUNCTION? The exploration of this project is to increase the efficiency of organ preservation through extensive research in identifying the design problem of the carrier.
how did this project start?
The image on the right is a screenshot of a youtube video by Washington Hospital Center on the kidney transportation process. I happened to stumble upon this video and questioned the question posed in the title of this project: “Why are organ carriers not designed for their function?�
http://youtu.be/6yRwF80A5vY
how are organs transported?
DONOR
INITIAL DOCTOR
At or near the time of patient’s death and it is determined then whether or not he/she is a potential donor.
Examines the organs of transplant and places them in the carrying device.
ischemic time comparison Kidney = 24-48 hours
Liver = 8-12 hours Lungs = 4-6 hours Heart = 3-4 hours
TRANSPORT PARAMEDIC Responsible for the transportation of the organ in between hospitals.
SURGEON
RECIPIENT
Determines the validity of the organ and carries out the end of the transplant process in contact with the recipient.
The recipient is chosen through extensive evaluation by the transplant coordinator.
what are the organ preservation options? CARDBOARD
STATIC PRESERVATION
PRESERVATION
Hypothermia was employed for organ preservation to reduce the kinetics of metabolic activities that would otherwise lead to cellular degradation which happens when oxygen is removed from the donor organ. Simple cold storage is a process by which the preservation solution is infused into the organ and then stored statically at hypothermic temperatures.
STYROFOAM
HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE
DYNAMIC PRESERVATION There are three different methods that are associated with machine perfusion which is a term for the overarching theme of a technological involvement in organ preservation. It requires some dynamic movement of either fluid or gas to facilitate preservation within the technology.
ORGAN CARE SYSTEM
what is the design opportunity? is the direct contact with ice an important factor in the organ transportation process? “Ice formation in the intercellular space modifies the chemical environment, generating mechanical stress on cell walls by deforming them, which can initiate intracellular crystallization.�
?
Organogenesis 5:3, 119-126; July/August/September 2009; Š 2009 Landes Bioscience
low technology not designed for function
mid technology universal design for function
is there a difference in efficiency with cold storage and machine perfusion? “Recent studies have demonstrated advantages of pulsatile perfusion over cold storage preservation for kidney transplatation. However, it remains unclear whether there is a significant benefit of one preservation method over the other...� Transplant International ISSN 0934-0874
high technology specific to funtion (only kidneys)
after the research considerations, what ideas can be developed?
what form is intuitive to the function?
The warmth of curves creates this idea of organic material, refelcting the curvature of the organs being protected. There also is the question of stability based on the form.
will the temperature stay consistent with two chambers? To increase the validity of the capsule system an experiment was created to deal with the potential use of the system. The experiment consisted of three boxes with one being the control and the two being possible solution proposals. The inside temperature of the box in different orientations were measured while the thickness, size, and amount of ice were kept as constants.
Results: Throughout the experiment the temperature of the area that the organ is placed stayed as 00c. The ice was intact and the temperature stayed at 00c even at 10 hours.
HORIZONTAL
VERTICAL
CONTROL
1 HOUR
3 HOURS
6 HOURS
9 HOURS
as a matter of fact, it does!
Conclusion: As the ice melts it moves to the bottom but still keeps the inner tube temperature consistent. Through gravity the organ is safely touching the iced surface throughout the process.
Conclusion: This solution works just as well in keeping the box cool as the control box.
what else needs to be resolved?
A locking mechanism needs to be worked out for the carrier to be secure in holding the organ without human error.
The next step was to figure out the realistic expectations of the disposable element shape. In order for the organ to stay inside the disposable element there needs to e a sense of direction. Addition of feet for stability.
what else needs to be resolved? The different face characteristics make a big difference in the use and aesthetics. The idea was to explore different face options to see if there was a way of communicating the 3 elements of button, drawer and handle.
key disposable cartridge body unlock button label handle
After many considerations the simple aesthetics of the circular drawer was most instinctual. It was the easiest to depict and translate.
the process In order to create a full scale working prototype, vacuum-forming was utilized to create an outer shell, while creating a styrofoam interior to keep structure and stay true to the manufactured material.
REUSABLE B O D Y The capsule eliminates the need for the large amount of sterile lining
that is primarily used to protect the organ from contact with any foreign material. So the main body/hub can be reusable rather than thrown out.
DISPOSABLE CAPSULE The capsule system is what keeps the organ from direct contact with the ice. This in turn protects the organ with the soft curvature of the capsule rather than the surface of the ice.
ISCHEMIA
L A B E L PLACEMENT The labeling of the box is designated for this area. The curvature of the box makes it easier for the user to see at every stage, even from directly above.
VIEW OF THE O R G A N The clear polypropylene plastic to create a clear window view of the organ without having to open the drawer.
H A N D L E CON FORMS TO THE FORM The track expands and contracts the handle to lay flush with the body.
HOW DO WE CREATE AN EXTENDED dining table EXPERIENCE? In thinking about the entire dining experience the beginning and end process in consideration to food is lost in many ways. The idea is to bring these extensions back into the process.
the competition
Like Marc Newson, we are asking students to get inspired. This year’s challenge is to create a TABLE, and to find inspiration for its design either from science, technology, nature, or the arts. Your job is to research the industry of your inspiration, look at the imagery, the materials, and the construction, and incorporate those influences into your design, whether it’s a dining table, side table, coffee table, any table
conceptual inspiration “Space: the final frontier. These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. Its five-year mission: to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and new civilizations, to boldly go where no man has gone before.” The fascination of the unknown is fascinating, especially what the future holds for the questions of space. Some of the influences on his idea that Roddenberry noted included A. E. van Vogt’s tales of the spaceship Space Beagle, Eric Frank Russell’s Marathon series of stories, and the film Forbidden Planet (1956).
the process
This project utilized a process of abstracting pre-existing forms as a means of deriving inspiration for function and aesthetic. There was a merge of conceptual inspiration with abstraction of form to find a solution for a table.
abstraction of existing forms To further abstract the form a vacuum forming technique was used to pour plaster and modify the existing form. As the process progressed there was this realization of this pre-exisiting notion of a docking station.
the form lends itself to an interpretation of function
abstracting through technique
AEON The cart docking system is the moving component that begins and finishes the cycle. It is the statement that completes this life-cycle approach at the table rather than away. Through reinforcing habits using the cart we can reprogram ourselves to think differently about waste and compost in the way that it creates a way for us produce food and way of life.
life-cycle: composting/gardening The driving inspiration is about the future and what I believe the future is, conceptually: sustainable living. This table facilitates an entire life-cycle of the dining from beginning and the end, from gardening to composting. The idea is that through composting and gardening we can change our eating habits to a more broadly sustainable idea.
handle cutting board waste disposal herb placement insulated composter automated mixing
final compost drawer
herb germinator
wheels
material and production With the use of Crastin速 developed by DuPont there is an opportunity to use polymers in the intent of long-term use as well as reuse. Crastin速 is a thermoplastic which means it is recyclable but Crastin速 is also biodegradable. The idea is that the table structure would be monomaterial and a single production process, with an exception to the technology involved in composting.
This table was exhibited at the Philadelphia Museum of Art chosen from the competition.
CAN foldable shopping carts BE DESIGNED TO HAVE A LONGER LIFE? In urban environments, like New York City, the foldable shopping cart are a common sight or perhaps even an eye-sore. The project was taking something ordinary and take extraordinary measures.
what are we trying to explore?
Our class was built upon the premise of the end of the year exhibition themed “extraordinary”. The interpretation can be multiple folds, but I focused on “extra” ordinary products - products that are excessively ordinary that they often become overlooked. In this case the product chosen is a foldable shopping cart that is colloquially referred to as a “granny cart” among the urban crowd due to the demographic of use, as well as the aesthetic appeal. However, it is commonly used in all age groups as means of transporting objects from point A to point B.
why are there so many problems with the “granny cart”?
“ “
never carry it by here (main hinge), it breaks
awkward hand placement
“ “
“
after the metal breaks it’s just dangerous to have around
“
“
i don’t have a car so it’s useful
“
doesn’t last very long
i’ve been through 3 of these this year
connections are weak
it’s hard to carry up and down the stairs
testing handle curvature and height
EVA foam added to remedy noise pollution
all connections are permanent rivets, so part are not replacable.
very important connection but once broken, cannot be fixed.
swivel wheel testing
by using existing foldable shopping carts to de-engineer the product gave a way of discovering hands-on how to better construct the granny cart.
as a part of the process, the fabrication and construction of the product had to be completed by the designer.
how is edna constructed differently?
H A N D L E EXTEN SION The handle accomodates for the height of the user.
SECONDARY H A N D L E The secondary handles are designed for use of
REPLACEABLE P A R T S The design is engineered to create replaceable parts as a means to increase the longevity of the product.
K I C K S TA N D This is to stand up the Edna vertically for space saving purposes.
carrying Edna up the stairs using both hands.
Edna Edna focuses on remedying the design issues of using cheap, poor quality, foldable shopping carts in urban environments. Utilizing quality materials and replaceable part construction, Edna is designed to be a modern and rugged cart that lasts.
what is the life cycle of edna?
PRODUCT USE
BROKEN
SELF-REPAIR
PARTS
HOW CAN mobility aid BE VISUALIZED AS A SYSTEM FOR DISASSEMBLY? Looking at mobility aid as a system is necessary in decreasing the unnecessary waste with temporary mobility aid.
the project direction
This project required a design of a family of products. The idea was to create our own project description through a limitation of creating products that are in relation to one another. I chose to design a family of mobility aid: cane, crutches, and walker.
who are the target users and how are the products used?
Olivia, 18 -recently had a leg surgery -is currently using a cane (6 months) -temporary use
USERS
Dave, 32 -athletic and suffers leg injuries sometimes. -have utilized crutches in the past -temporary use
Chul, 85 -leg arthritis -is utilizing the walker for support -semi-permanent use
Balance Canes are the less cumbersome of all mobility aids. It allows the user to acheive balance, but cannot be used for weight bearing.
Weight Bearing Crutches are designed to decrease the weight on an extremity. A significant amount of upper body strength and overall balance is required to use.
Balance & Weight Bearing Walker is a stable mobility device that helps the user who have significant balance deficits. to help with weight bearing.
USES
what are the statistics involved with mobility aid?
6.8 million Americans living outside of institutions use assistive devices 4.8 million Americans use canes 1.8 million Americans use walkers 1.2 million Americans use crutches http://dsc.ucsf.edu/publication.php?pub_id=2&section_id=4
Studies show that 30% to 50% of people abandon their device soon after receiving it. http://www.usuhs.mil/med/geriatrics/AssistiveDevicesforBalanceandMobility.pdf
what design problem am I tackling?
The user needs to be able to look at the product and feel the want to use it.
The idea of cycling the product back into the market easily is to think of a program after use.
The after use could be achieved through interchangability or perhaps modularity of the parts. The problem becomes the question of the aftermath of the product. Most did not know what to do with it and threw it away or sold it back on a platform like craigslist.
are the proportions plausible in full-scale?
mo biaid mobiaid is an all encompassing family of mobility aid products with interchangable, modular part for the consideration of different needs. The idea is that within the manufacturing process there is no need for creating 3 different products, instead we can combine and reuse the different parts after its use
what is the system? The disassembly of parts creates a platform for mobility aid to be transfered back into the system and being reused rather than being kept without use. The company runs on the policy of a take-back system where crutches, canes, and walkers are produced within the same product with additions. The function does not compromise the beauty of the product reflected in the materials.
mobiaid PRODUCTION / COMPANY END OF USE
USE
USE USE
what is the evolution of the product? All parts can be dissasembled and reassembled into the three types of mobility aid most commonly used. The conversions are used to recycle the product back into the system at its end of use.
HOW CAN COMMUNAL first aid kits FACILITATE EMERGENCIES? First aid kits in everyday settings tend to be disorganized and hard to obtain immediacy in an emergency. The goal is to create a better system of identifying needs.
the project direction
Using personal emergency situations, I derived from my own Resident Advisor experiences to create a first aid kit for communal environments. The focus was on the immediacy of the sitatution with a precision for treatment.
what is the context of the first aid kit?
busy and crowded first aid kit location is unknown
high emergency situations
developing ideas
model testing
Portable kits with contents
Base refill kit that contains all the refill content for the portable kits.
Instructionals for each portable kit.
what were the design considerations?
G raphi c
Por tabl e
Co mmu n al
Graphics makes it easy to visually determine the different functions of the items in the first aid kit. Instead of having to read the contents graphics universally determine the function.
Portability is important in making the efficiency part possible. Being able to bring it back to the injured or the knowing exactly what you need, instead of rummaging through to find things.
Communal is the environment that I have chosen to design for. The first aid kit should be able to accomodate for a larger group of people.
Guid eAid Cover
the cover contains all parts of the whole kit, with the feature to be hung on the wall
Base Kit
contains extra equipment and refills for the portable kits.
Cuts Portable Kit
contains instructions envelopes and essential first aid materials
Pain Portable Kit
contains instructions envelopes and essential pain killers
Burns Portable Kit
contains instructions envelopes and essential burn first aid materials
Flashlights
for major emergencies, when flashlights are needed
CAN dental tools BE ENVISIONED IN THE HOME FOR BETTER HYGIENE? Good dental hygiene is hard to obtain at home without the access of tools necessary for the up-keep. However, the issue lies, not only with the lack of knowledge, but also in the negative association of dental tools with the clinical.
why do we need to keep our teeth clean?
CAVITIES
GOOD DENT
Cavities are the 2nd most prevalent disease in the United States, after the common cold.
TOOTH LOSS
GOOD DENTAL HYGIENE PREVENTS ...
IS LINKED TO...
HEART DISEASE STROKE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
GUM DISEASE
Gum disease is the 3rd most common dental problem in the United States. It is estimated that 75% of Americans have some form of gum disease.
what familar visual language can be used? The inspiration for form and aesthetic comes from the emotional connection we have to dental tools versus home cutlery. Cutlery is viewed as a utensil that can be put in the mouth safely and the visual language is friendlier to the user in comparison to dental tools. So the idea is to bring that visual language to dental tools in creating a more warmer emotional response.
design direction Through form development and sketching there was a consideration of the different curvature and size.
adjustment needed (handle too long)
slique
Indentation keeps stacking simple and easy.
from left to right: 1) SCALER 2) EXPLORER 3) FLOSSER 4) MIRROR
IS THERE AN ALTERNATIVE WAY TO OPENING pill blisters ? The difficulty open pill blisters is prevalent in all levels of dexterity. The idea of this project was to discover a different way of opening the blister packs as a means of an assistive device.
what am I addressing?
My grandmother has arthritis in her hands and she does not have the dexterity to open packaging without the help of scissors. However, even with scissors the difficulty level is still there. The premise of this project relies on the idea of creating an assistive device.
“In a community based study of 141 volunteers living at home and in assisted living facilities,
44% were unable to open child-resistant blister packaging.�
DOI: 10.1007/s11096-012-9643-1
what type of products already exist on the market?
BLISTER PACK Blister packing utilizes thermo form or cold formed cavities to create a seal with a form-fill-seal process. Blister pill packaging tend to be hard to open and keep around.
STRIP PACK The strip pack is formed around the tablet at a time when it is dropped to the sealing area between sealing moulds
who are the users? what are the initial observations
Caleb initially had trouble with the packaging. Couldn’t see if the tear existed.
Almost dropped the pills because of the packaging.
even those with full dexterity in their hands have difficulty opening blister packets due to its size and lack of grip.
how do we open pill blisters?
Hands (ripping)
Scissors
Exacto (blade)
observation and discovery
Blister pill packaging is ambiguous and hard to see. It is designed to be opened from the back without any view of the pill itself and unknowingly opening. There is an important jesture in being able to see the pill while opening the packaging as a means of awareness and visualization.
what other ways can we open the packaging?
a holding and catching element
using existing devices changing the packaging to a larger grip
what are the definitive design directions?
CHILD RESISTANT YET EASILY ACCESSIBLE FOR THE ELDERLY OR DISABLED. CHANGE THE ENTIRE PACKAGING
design direction
EASE OF IDENTIFICATION
PROTECTION TO LIGHT, MOISTURE, OXYGEN, BIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION, MECHANICAL DAMAGE.
1 2 3
ADDITION TO PACKAGING
EXTERNAL TOOL
LABEL AND PACKAGE INSERT
4
UNDAMAGED PILLS
5
design consideration
how do we access the pills from the front?
a stapler remover was used with blades to identify the pill from the outside.
which handgrip increases ease of use?
spring steel mechanism development
spring steel testing
hand ergonomics testing
pill-xtr actor
hand placement
spring steel tapered barrel
lid and hand guard
spring steel blades
APPENDIX A: FOOTWEAR
flutterby knockout pink / aruba blue / lemon 16-2130 TN
Knockout Pink 14-4530 TN
Bluefish TPX 13-5313
Aruba Blue TPX 13-0648
Green Sheen TPX 13-0752
Lemon
R R
category running gender infants season FW13 CAD esther flutterby C KPABL
APPENDIX B: SUSTAINABILITY
the project
The class was built upon the premise of picking an object close to you to create an objective life-cycle analysis. By creating this in-depth analysis, we were forced to become more aware of the product.
Classic Menswear Watch (from Urban Outfitters) Manufacturer: Moulin LTD. (China) Distribution: Online sales, mostly in the United States.
2 1 6
5 3
4
7
1 Brass 2 Leatherette 3 Stainless Steel 4 Polyoxymethylene Plastic 5 Battery 6 Glass 7 Quartz Circuit Board
brass
ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE
DIE-CASTING 1. Molten brass is put through the pressure chamber to die-cast. 2. Molten brass fills up the cavity to press onto the mold.
Global warming and acid rain through CO2 emmisions from burning fossil fuels for energy in all stages of life, along with transportation. Ecotoxicity is caused through the disposal of waste water from the production process, and not only that the risks of soil contamination of zinc and copper, that eventually can contaminate water as well.
HUMAN HEALTH DAMAGE Health damaging substances like the risk of cadmium fumes exposure during the mining process of zinc and copper, which can be associated with hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema and death. Not only that, there are respiratory health risks just related to all types of metal working.
ELECTROPOLISHING 3. The finished metal piece is put through electrolyte. 4. Electric current is passed through the electrolyte to melt to smooth surface.
RESOURCE DEPLETION Fossil Fuel consumption is through all the energy from the different stages of life, as well as transportation. Fresh Water depletion caused through the water use in the die-casting production process. Minerals depletion (metal ores) like copper and zinc, are mined to be made into brass.
plastic
ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE POLYMER EXTRUSION 1. Polymer pellets dropped into screw and barrel. 2. Heated while passing through nozzel. 3. Extruded polyoxymethylene is then milled into shape.
Global warming and acid rain through CO2 emmisions from burning fossil fuels for energy in all stages of life, along with transportation.
HUMAN HEALTH DAMAGE The formaldehyde exposure in the beginning stage of the plastic as a raw material can be extremely hazardous to humans and is a known carcinogin within the nasel area, as well as potential exposure risks during the production stage when the plastic is melted.
CNC MILLING 4. CNC Milling is computerized milling to cut the plastic into shape.
RESOURCE DEPLETION Fossil Fuels depletion is a huge category with plastics because polyoxymethylene is petroleum based with formeldehyde, as well as the burning of fuel for energy to run the production and mining.
leatherette
ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE Global warming and acid rain through CO2 emmisions from burning fossil fuels for energy in all stages of life, along with transportation. Ecotoxicity from the waste products because PVC releases toxins, and usually cannot be recycled. Not only is PVC harmful, the pesticides run-off from growing cotton contminates water sources.
HUMAN HEALTH DAMAGE HEAT-ROLLING 1. Machine feeds through fabric and PVC sheets. 2. Heats PVC sheets onto the fabric to create Leatherette.
Toxins from PVC and chemicals from synthetic pesticides (cotton agriculture) building up in the water, and food chain can result in severe health problems, including cancer. PVC’s entire lifecycle (production to end of life) has a negative impact. The worker’s health has been an issue through the exposure of the fumes while in production, as well as the end of life when PVC is burned it gives off toxic hydrogen chloride gas that turns into hydrochloric acid in contact with moisture within our lungs.
RESOURCE DEPLETION Fossil Fuel depletion is inevitable with PVC being made out of petroleum, as well as the energy needed to produce the product and transportation.
where does my watch come from?
what processes are required to create the product? RAW MATERIALS
BRASS
INPUT
LEATHERETTE
STAINLESS STEEL BATTERY GLASS CIRCUIT BOARD
POLYOXYMETHYLENE
This is an extensive look at the different processes, in which there is an input and therefore an output. The different materials have different steps to create the pieces of the product and is then assembled. Past these steps of the creation of the product, there is the use and end of life where the input, processes, and output are also accessed.
PROCESSES
PRODUCTION OUTPUT
Labor, Energy
Mining
CO2, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter
Coal, Natural gas, copper, zinc, antimony, flux
Smelting
CO2, copper-zinc alloy, metal oxides
Formaldehyde Solution
Concentration
Concentrated Formaldehyde
Petroleum, Ethene, Steam, Energy
Steam Cracking
Ethylene, CO2
Ethylene and water
Ethylene Oxide
Ethylene Glycol
Trioxane Unit
Trioxane
Dioxolane Unit
Dioxolane
Trioxane and Dioxolane
Polytrioxane Unit
Polyoxymethylene
Natural Gas, Petroleum, Energy
Steam Cracking
Salt, Electricity (Energy)
Electrolysis
Concentrated Formaldehyde, sulfuric acid Ethylene Glycol
INPUT copper alloy, spleter (zinc), energy
T
T
CO2, Hydrocarbons, oil, Ethylene gas Caustic soda, Hydrogen gas, Chlorine gas
Ethylene, Chlorine Gas
Polymerization
PVC, VCM gas, Hydrochloric acid
Water, pesticides, herbicides
Planting Cotton
Raw Cotton, CO2
Energy, Raw Cotton
Ginning, Weaving
CO2, Waste
T
PROCESSES
OUTPUT
Melting (Electric Furnace)
CO2, Molten Brass
Molten Brass, energy
Pouring the Cakes
CO2, Cake
Cake, energy
Hot Rolling
Brass material
Brass material, energy
Annealing
Brass strips
Molten Brass, emulsion (flux), water, energy
Die-casting
CO2, Hydraulic fluid, waste water, waste
die-cast pieces, energy
Refinement
Flashing, Waste
energy, electrolyte, electricity
Electropolishing
CO2
Extrusion
CO2, waste water, excess plastic
Micromilling
CO2, minimal waste
PVC, plasticizer, fabric, energy
Heat Roll forming
CO2, toxic fumes
Sheets of Leatherette, energy
Die Cut
CO2
Energy, polyoxymethylene, water Energy, polyoxymethylene pieces
T
T
T
T
END OF LIFE INPUT
PROCESSES
OUTPUT
Energy, Battery
Recycling/ Shredding
Recover heavy metals
Energy, Rest of the watch without battery
Landfill
CO2, Toxic Fumes (possibly from burning plastics, PVC)
USE INPUT
Energy, Parts, Labor
PROCESSES
ASSEMBLY
OUTPUT
CO2
T
INPUT
PROCESSES
OUTPUT
Fossil Fuels (Energy)
Distribution/ Purchase
CO2
Battery, Fossil Fuels (Energy)
Maintenance (every 2 years)
CO2, Battery waste
T
Impact Comparison A thermo plastic elastomer switch from PVC will decrease the amount of known toxins that is released in the process of producing the material. The use of petroleum in creating the plastic will be similar. The cotton will be replaced with organic cotton grown without pesticides which is another cause of ecotoxicity.
what are the alternatives?
The known toxins of PVC to human health as a carcinogen and other complications will be significantly decreased in all stages of it’s life especially at the production stage. PVC and cotton involved in making the straps poses a large threat to the environment and humans. The straps should Replacement be replaced with a more ecofriendly approach that keeps of Material the same synthetic leatherette.
The resource depletion aspect, however, will not be addressed with this solution.
Case Studies This is a patent for a method of manufacturing synthetic leatherette using TPE (thermoplastic elastomer) without the negative effects of PVC.
Less waste due to renewable energy, but potential ecological damage due to the production of the extra element and technology of that source of energy. Battery use and production is another component that would increase the need for mineral depletion, human health (in case of mercury), and energy use for tranportation as well as mining and production.
Renewable Energy
No more toxins due to incorrect disposal of batteries.
Less mining for mercury, silver and iron for battery production, but potentially need more resources to make the mechnism for renewable energy.
The amount of materials that become used within the making of the watch results in a large amount of fuel burning Transportation and CO2 emission. Reducing the amount of transportation Reduction used by reducing the amount of materials used in making the product from seven to perhaps three.
The amount of CO2 emission into the air is significantly decreased due to the decrease of many different production and transportation means. As well as, the toxins that causes ecotoxity involved with PVC, pesticides, and brass mining are eliminiated. There are no more PVC threats to human health, but other plastics can still be hazardous in the working environment if policies are not properly enforced.
There is a significant amount of decrase in the metals area of the watch, therefore a decrease in mineral depletion.
The Seiko watch company has launched a series of renewable energy watches that range from kinetic movement energy to solar powered energy.
iSprout watches are an ecofriendly watch alternative that uses all natural and recyclable materials, and this specific watch uses corn-resin based plastic for the entire casing.
VIQ M O N O M AT E R I A L The case is entirely made from POM (polyoxymethylene) which is easily recyclable.
E A S I L Y RECYCLABLE Because the parts can be easily taken apart, as well as made of completely one type of plastic.
how is this alternative a better proposal? reduced from 7 different materials (not including the circuit board materials required for the watch movement) to 3 materials
production requires different processes for only polyoxymethylene, eliminating negative impacts of brass and leatherette production note that during the production of polyoxymethylene, the high temperatures can release toxins into the air, so regulating factory policies for adequate ventilation and the correct production temperture levels is crucial
use only mercury-free watch batteries to avoid human health issues
Polyoxymethylene is an easily recyclable material and when the company uses acidolysis to recover the monomers, it essentially becomes virgin material and can be recycled into the product. The company can restructure itself to have a system where the customers can send back their product to be melted down into a new version without any impairment of quality.
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APPENDIX C: SELECTED 3D WORK
CAN ABANDONED airport hangars BE GIVEN A SECOND LIFE? Using existing hangar structure, the space is activated as a gallery; instead of demolishing a building of historic importance.
what is this project? Through abstract sketch development and research, the prompt transformed into taking an abandoned airport hangar repurposed into a gallery spce. For the purpose of the reality of the project, I chose Floyd Bennett Field airport hangars in Brooklyn. Floyd Bennett Field airplane hangars were left abandoned over time, and the idea was to repurpose this historic space as a gallery space for young artists. The history of the space will be reflected through the abstraction that activates the empty box of a space.
development through sketches The abstraction of the structures to be created within the airport hangar reflects the history of the structure and creates a greater sense of beauty in the space. The space is activated through planar language.
final design
Second level for an extended gallery space.
The planar structures to define and enclose the space.
First level curved plane gallery space to create a three-dimensional viewing.
ARE tsa checkpoints SPACIALLY AWARE FOR THE USER? The project required a spacial analysis of the airport secuirty checkpoint to what would create the most flow and beautiful distraction for the user.
what is this project? The idea was to utilize 3D principles to create a greater sense of space in enhancing the frustrating experience. The TSA checkpoint experience is not necessarily the most pleasant one. It is because it has not been designed for the user to feel safe in this environment, when in fact the security check is for the safety of the people. The message is getting lost in the way that the process has been designed the most clinical way possible
This is the recommended spacing requirements for the security screening checkpoints. The idea is to keep a sense of realism by keeping some of the overal guidelines.
why are people so unhappy in this environment?
fast-paced, sterile, hostile environment no sense of direction
unhappy patrons
final design Through space analysis the idea is to bring humanism to activate the space into an enjoyable experience. Every step needs a flow and rhythm, but also an awareness of what is taking place at the moment. Through 3D language the visual relationships are set.
The planar structures to define and enclose the space.
The wall defines the end of the experience and provides clear seating and direction
The structure hides the process of bag check-in. The front check-in begins the process and encloses the experience.
Stained glass effect flooring to reflect up onto the planar structures as a means to create a visual complexity in the experience.
The form of the platform indicate the placement of extra trays for use.
thank you