Entrepreneurship 7-9 EMS by Inky Bruynse

Global Competition Guide

CAPS ALIGNED

GRADE 7−9 EMS

MESSAGE FROM THE SPONSOR BankservAfrica is proud to be involved with this innovative school consumer education project. As a mutual partner in the South African payments landscape, BankservAfrica firmly believes in supporting entrepreneurship and financial competency for a new generation of learners to become world class innovators in the financial sector. We hope that every learner and teacher involved will benefit from and enjoy this programme.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements to Michelle Padayachy for leading this project, to the schools that have led the development of this content and to the future young social entrepreneurs, who will do well in business globally but also in making a better world for the future. Ingrid Bruynse for thinking up ways to make the world a better place. Design and layout: Ink Design Publishing Solutions, www.inkdesign.co.za

Welcome, future entrepreneurs! You are about to start an exciting journey on your way to become an entrepreneur!

Once you have completed the units in this guide, you will be well-equipped to enter a global entrepreneurship competition. The 6 units follow this step-by-step process:

What is an entrepreneur, can I be one?

Identify problems in your community and finding possible solutions and opportunities

How being a social entrepreneur can help solve these problems

Use creative thinking to develop your first ideas into real things (products) or things you can do (services)

Do market research to find out if people like your product or service

Final step: bring it all together, pitch your ideas and enter global competitions.

All the best, Ingrid (founder and entreprenuer)

CONTENTS 1

What’s this all about?.............................................................................................................................. 2

Parent or Teacher and Curriculum Links............................................................................................. 2

Lessons. . ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Unit 1: Meet some entrepreneurs (Becoming entrepreneurial)........................................................... 3 Unit 2: Take the gap! Turning challenges into opportunities............................................................. 13 Unit 3: Identifying what your users or customers need..................................................................... 19 Unit 4: Creative solutions....................................................................................................................... 26 Unit 5: The people who change the world: Social entrepreneurship.. .............................................. 38 Unit 6: International Entrepreneurship competitions.. ........................................................................ 44

Assessment Rubric EMS Grade 7–9. . ................................................................................................ 45

An urgent priority: we need to make our future work In the near future, we won’t have jobs - we need to make our own work. This is called entrepreneurship. It is also called the “gig economy”, where you work from small job to small job (gig), or project to project. There is a lot of interest in making your own work, because few people in the future will be employed by a company and have a fixed salary. How can we learn to make our own work? We will need to develop a mindset, or a set of attitudes and habits, that allow us to see what the issues are and seek to find solutions and plans to fix what is wrong in our own lives and in the lives of our communities. This is called social entrepreneurship. It’s more than making profits, it’s developing products and services that are needed, to make everyone’s life better. Of course we also want people to be successful and make money to cover their costs, and even make profits, but most important is to develop entrepreneurial thinking. In this guide, we will take you through the process, and help you develop your own ideas to make something or do something that the world needs. And in the end, make you ready to share this idea as a pitch to funders and to others who can support this. Often this will be a link to a local or global competition or pitching forum where you can get support for your product or service. Once you have completed the units in this guide, you will be well-equipped to enter a global entrepreneurship competition. The 6 units follow an easy step-by-step process: 1.

What is an entrepreneur, and could I be one?

Identify problems in your community and possible solutions and opportunities

How being a social entrepreneur can help solve these problems

Use creative thinking to develop your initial ideas further and come up with a product or service

Do market research to find out if people will be interested in your product or service

Bringing it all together – prepare your entry for the competition!

UNIT 1

UNIT 2

UNIT 3

UNIT 4

UNIT 5

UNIT 6

What is an entrepreneur and could I be one?

Problems and possible solutions

How being a social entrepreneur can help solve these problems

Developing my idead through creative thinking

Market research: who my customers be?

Competition time!

At the end of the booklet, we show you how this content links to EMS curriculum. Grade 7 Term 3 Entrepreneurship (week 1–3; 6–7) Grade 8 Term 2 Entrepreneurship (week 6); term 3 (week 8–10) Grade 9 Term 2 Entrepreneurship (week 8–9) The work you do at home or at school is part of the EMS curriculum for Grades 7, 8 and 9. So whether you are home schooled, or attending public or private school, the content here links to the work you need to do in the compulsory EMS curriculum.

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

UNIT 1 Meet some entrepreneurs (Becoming entrepreneurial)

STORY It is the year 2023. Meet Sara: she is the young

In 2023, many people work for themselves.

founder of “Creative Solutions”, a company

This can be work as a freelancer, as a solopreneur,

that provides services. She has just ended a

as an entrepreneur and small or big business.

weekly meeting (online, of course) of one of

The way people work has changed. Instead

her companies. She makes a cup of coffee and

of going to a place called work, people work

thinks back.

remotely, or independently, they often work

When she was in high school, the first

in teams and work in and for many different

Covid pandemic broke out. Back then it was

organisations. Most people have more than

still called Covid-19, although there have been

one job.

many new viruses since. Thinking back, life has never been the same after the first lockdowns. So many businesses lost work. Many closed

The idea of “boss”, and single companies that employ people permanently, has changed forever.

down due to lack of income. Travel stopped,

What do we call this kind of work? Many

or was limited and difficult and 70% of

people call themselves ‘’founders”, freelancers,

large corporations went bankrupt. Millions

digital nomads and entrepreneurs. People

of people lost their jobs, and poverty swept

have created their own businesses in this ‘new

through society like wildfire.

normal’. Work means making items to sell

But, change can also mean opportunity, and

(goods) and doing work/providing services

some people learnt to change and adapt and

that this new society needs, and through this

cope, and some have created even better lives

work, creating work and money to make a life

for themselves, like Sara.

for yourself and others.

Meet some entrepreneurs (Becoming entrepreneurial)

1 What is an entrepreneur? z

This is a person with an idea for a thing (product) or service that they can offer, a business idea. An entrepreneur is a person who organises and runs a business to provide a service or sell a product or an idea.

Someone who combines money (capital) with the tools of their work (like a sewing machine or land to grow food, and their own work (labour).

A person who has an idea, and takes the risk of making this idea into a product or service, with their own time and money, or by borrowing tools or money (capital).

What is entrepreneurship? z

Entrepreneurship is the process and the skill of being able to make an idea into a business. Entrepreneurs are business starters who bring people (labour) and tools and money (capital) together in the most effective way to make this idea become a business reality. Entrepreneurship is also the mindset to see a need and an opportunity, to take the risk of starting a business that may or may not fail, but hopes to cover costs and also make a profit.

2 Do I have what it takes? Do you see yourself as an entrepreneur? Perhaps you think you are too young, or that you are not educated enough, or that you come from the wrong background. The good news is that, even though some people have a more natural talent for entrepreneurship, anyone can learn to be one. And then, the sky is the limit! Complete the following questionnaire to get started: I can take risks. I cope well with change.

I am curious, I want to solve problems. I have support.

I try things, I fail. I keep trying. I want to make the world a better place. I know a lot of people.

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

ACTIVITY 1.1 Test a friend: Do you have what it takes to be an entrepreneur? Yes, Yes Yes! 5

Well, okay then. 4

Nope! Not me.

1. I am willing to work over 50 hours per week as needed. 2. My family will support my going into business. 3. I will accept risks to my finances and career when needed. 4. I don’t need all the fringe benefits provided by conventional employment (car, bonus). 5. I would like to take full responsibility for the successes and failures of my business. 6. I may experience more financial success by operating my own business. 7. I feel a great deal of pride when I complete a project successfully. 8. I have a high energy level that can be maintained over a long time. 9. I enjoy controlling my own work assignments & making all decisions affecting my work. 10. I believe that I am primarily responsible for my own successes and failures. 11. I have a strong desire to achieve positive results even when it requires a great deal of additional effort. 12. I have a good understanding of how to manage a business. 13. I can function in complex, uncertain situations. 14. One or both of my parents were entrepreneurs. 15. I believe that my abilities and skills are greater than those of most of my co-workers. 16. People trust me and consider me honest and reliable. 17. I always try to finish every project I start, even if there are problems and delays. 18. I am willing to do something even when other people laugh or belittle me for doing it. 19. I can make decisions quickly. 20. I have a good network of friends, professionals, and business people.

Who do you think will be the best business founder? What skills do you still need to learn?

TEACHING TIPS | Results There are many more tools you can use to find out if you can be an entrepreneur. Have a look at the following websites and videos: Entrepreneurial potential self-assessment: https://www.bdc.ca/en/articles-tools/entrepreneurtoolkit/business-assessments/entrepreneurial-potential-self-assessment Elements of an entrepreneurial mindset: https://finecompany.com/7-components-of-theentrepreneurial-mindset/ The good news is, that you can learn how to become an entrepreneur! See https://aofund.org/ resource/entrepreneurial-mindset-5-characteristics-to-cultivate/

Meet some entrepreneurs (Becoming entrepreneurial)

3 Who can be a problem-solver? ACTIVITY 1.2 What type of person can find solutions? In small groups, come up with a list of 5–10 characteristics and 5–10 skills that you believe entrepreneurs should have. Characteristics (How they are)

Skills (What they can do)

TEACHING TIPS | Feedback and discussion Characteristics of an Entrepreneur z z z z z z z z z z z z z z z

Risk Takers Innovative and creative Enthusiastic Hard working and reliable Perseverance Disciplined Motivated Attention to detail Passionate about achievements Self-confidence Have high standards for themselves and their business Competitive Good at solving problems Self starter Energetic

Skills of an Entrepreneur z z z z z z z z z z z

Leadership and management skills – planning, organising, leading and control Take responsibility Goal setting Good at Decision making Trustworthy Knowledgeable about product or service you want to sell Good at time management Good communication skills Good networking skills Good at fundraising Inspire your teams

Who are entrepreneurs? Entrepreneurs can be motivated by many things. The different types of entrepreneurs based on their motivation are called archetypes or “types”. Each type has certain pros and cons associated with it.

TEACHING TIPS | Know your type All entrepreneurs have strengths and weaknesses, and, for the most part, can be divided into different archetypes that represent their characteristics. An archetype is a universal pattern of human nature. They are unconscious behaviors, determined by motivation and not by personality. Knowing the different entrepreneurial archetypes can help you to understand your strengths, weaknesses, and what motivates you as a small business owner.

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

We all have varying degrees of types, however, one type will likely be the most visible at any given point. By identifying which type you identify the most with, you can learn to be more self-aware and build on your strengths. Aside from each type having positive aspects, they each also have a down side that you will need to rein in and manage in order to balance your business. Find out which type best suits your business personality in this post.

Mission Driven These are people who want to make a better world. The mission-driven entrepreneur cares most about social impact, justice, or creating a movement. These entrepreneurs often found social purpose businesses and have a strong moral imperative. The Down Side: Many mission driven business owners are so focused on making a difference that they forget the money side of keeping their business financially secure. This can lead to burnout, disillusionment and even bankruptcy. Solution: Make the world better, but also focus on your business’s financial future or get a partner who places just as much importance on the money side of your mission-led business. The finances of your business and your mission are both important.

The Artist/Inventor These entrepreneurs value creativity and originality. They can conjure up and create products or services that can be new ideas and breakthroughs in the industry. They are found in a variety of industries, from the arts, to tech, to food, innovation, new designs and new concepts are made into reality. The Down Side: Artists and inventors can live in a bubble. They may forget that they need customers and feedback in order to thrive. This can lead to single vision or “no one gets me” thinking. Solution: Give time to ask for customer feedback. What do others think of your ideas? This means listening to users of what you make.

The Opportunist Most of us think of the “opportunist” when we think of entrepreneurs. Opportunists see gaps and needs as opportunities to make a product or service. The Down Side: Opportunists can rush into business ideas because they want to quickly provide their product to those who need it, but to be too fast can mean they have not done enough market research. They can fall madly in love with their ideas and may be blinded by the challenges. They can play the blame game: “if only I got the right investor, loan, grant or something; everything would have worked out.” Solution: We all need to do proper market research, especially for new products or services. We need a healthy dose of reality testing and a willingness to stay humble in order to succeed as an entrepreneur.

Meet some entrepreneurs (Becoming entrepreneurial)

The Expert The expert is an entrepreneur who starts their business after many years of experience doing something as a job. Experts have an expertise or specialty they know is valued and believe they can run a business better than their boss. The Down Side: Because they know their own work, does not mean they know how to run a business. Do they know about the product, or the clients, or marketing, or costing?. Often they know their product, but not their clients. Solution: Experts need partners who have the skills or knowledge they don’t have – like the skills in the parts of the business they don’t understand yet. Find staff or partners with business skills or learn about business to keep them able to understand all the parts of the work.

The Lifestylist These entrepreneurs start businesses because they want a lifestyle that has a flexible work schedule, fewer hours, or working from home. The Down Side: Because Lifestylists started their own work so that they have “more control in their time,” but without enough time on the work, their business can be more like a hobby or a part-time business. Beware of getting what you put in: too little. Solution: Lifestylists need to be very clear about what they want. If they want a profitable business that brings in a good income, they will need to sacrifice a lot more time and energy to building their enterprise. However, if they understand that with flexibility and freedom they could earn less income, then they will need to adjust their lifestyle to reflect having a lower salary.

Accepting Your Type All types come with a weakness. If the dark side of your type grows, it can harm the success of your business. With self-awareness, you can be the hero in your own story. Which entrepreneurial archetype do you relate to? Source: Five Entrepreneurial Archetypes, https://www.lawdepot.com/blog/five-entrepreneurialarchetypes/ Of course, there may be more types. Start thinking about what might motivate YOU to start a business, as we will explore this in more detail in Unit 2.

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

South African Success stories Meet some successful entrepreneurs in South Africa. In the worksheet that follows, write down what motivates them; their strengths, weaknesses and their challenges.

MEET LEBO GUNGULUZA From dirt poor to self-made millionaire “Notice the difference between what happens when a man says to himself, I have failed three times, and what happens when he says, I am a failure.” Lebo Gunguluza is the founder and group chairman at GEM Group, a turnaround strategist, motivational speaker and Dragon on SA’s Dragon’s Den. When Lebo Gunguluza arrived in Durban in 1990, he had R60 to his name. At 26 he bootstrapped his first company, Gunguluza Entertainment. “I spent my first million in one year. By the end of 1999, I was flat broke. My car was repossessed and I was blacklisted.” But Gunguluza isn’t one to turn away from a goal. Down and out, he would walk to the CNA and stand in a corner reading business books that he couldn’t afford to buy. If the staff chased him away, he’d go home, change his clothes and come back. “I made up my mind that whatever I went into next, it would be in a space that pays well and has structure. I would also continuously reinvest in the business, watch my cash flow, and do business only with scrupulous clients who paid on time.”

MEET FATS LAZARIDES Ocean Basket was launched with R800 and a dream “We convinced all of our suppliers to let us pay them with post-dated cheques, and then we worked like hell to make enough money that month to ensure they didn’t bounce.” Fats Lazarides founded Ocean Basket in 1995 with R800. Today the nationwide brand has system-wide sales of over R1 billion. Ocean Basket was launched from a single store in Menlyn Park, where the centre management was not planning to have more restaurants in the centre. They had limits like they could only serve five proteins and two starches. They weren’t allowed to serve salads, desserts or coffee, and only one red and one white wine by the glass. Doors had to be closed by 7pm. For every restriction, Fats Lazarides found an advantage. “We focused on the lunch-time trade. Meals were cooked and served quickly. Bar stools set up against the wall saved space and let single shoppers eat without feeling lonely.” Soon, families would deliberately eat an early dinner before the store closed. “An entire family of four could eat for R60 because we let them bring their own salads, wine and even desserts.”

South African Success stories

MEET ANAT APTER Anat: When you’re small, it takes chutzpah (guts) to get noticed “There was a long queue of people trying to get a stall at Bruma flea market and I was at the back of it. So I stood on my toes and yelled, ‘Excuse me, Do you want me to sell falafel here?’ The man in the booth waved me to the front of the queue.” Anat Apter, founder of falafel and schwarma franchise, Anat. Starting out, Ms Apter bought a food trailer for R600 that she paid off over six months. At first she only sold falafel because it’s what she knew how to make best, and she wouldn’t settle for anything less than the best quality. The strategy worked. The food was delicious and she slowly introduced schwarmas for meat-loving South Africans once she thought the recipe was perfect. The schwarma was so profitable that two years later, Ms Apter opened her own shop at the market. As the market started to change, she moved to Sandton City to offer her products to a new customerbase. That took two years, but the risk paid off: She franchised her business two years later, using the franchisees’ capital (money) to help her grow the Anat brand to 26 stores around the country today – all because of her focus on starting small, serving the absolute best and keeping things at their most affordable and value for money.

Source: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/327431

ACTIVITY 1.3 In pairs, choose two entrepreneurs, and fill in the table. Motivation

Strengths

Weaknesses

Challenges

Think about it! Do African and South African entrepreneurs need some special skills or characteristics that are different from entrepreneurs elsewhere in the world? Why or why not? (hint: language? attitude?)

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

4 How to: The entrepreneurial process Developing a Business plan (the full idea)

Discovery (ideas)

Entrepreneurial Process Harvesting (do more of what works)

Resource plan (money, people, skill, helpers)

Managing the company

Entrepreneurs should follow these steps to create a business: 1. Discovery: In this “ideas” stage, the entrepreneur comes up with ideas, solutions, products and services, looks for opportunities, identifies the target market, etc. 2. Business plan: The full detailed plan for the product or service, the users, the cost, the process to bring this to the people who use it and pay for it. 3. Resource plan: The entrepreneur gets the money and also the people, the tools, the space, the time and materials to make the product or service i.e., to make shoes, you need shoemakers, shoe parts, sewing machines, space to work, and so on. 4. Managing the company: The part of the business focused on keeping work going: paying salaries, rent for space, transport and delivery, marketing and so on. 5. Harvesting: Looking at costs and profit coming in, checking what works and what needs to change, or even what to stop, and even restart or close down! This starts the cycle again, with new ideas and discovery. For more on business process, see Entrepreneurial Process: 6+ Steps, 3+ Stages, https://www. businessmanagementideas.com/entrepreneurship-2/entrepreneurial-process/20029

Planning to Win ACTIVITY 1.4 Complete the following worksheet: My winning idea – ready for a global competition z

I want to be an entrepreneur, because … (my motivation)

This is what I think is needed in the world: (the value I add as an entrepreneur)

The people who can use this, are … (the users or buyers)

This is important for the world because ... (link to big global needs)

South African Success stories

UNIT 2 Take a chance! Turning challenges into opportunities Haven’t you ever imagined being in charge of the world? Or maybe, being the boss of your country? Well, you are not alone: Robby Novak is known as Kid President – he has been an internet sensation.

TEACHING TIPS | Case Study 1 Read more about Kid President in this article STORY Three years ago, a young boy who we now know

sharing them, people were watching them and

as Kid President made a video with his older

sharing them. It was our 13th video. I thought

brother-in-law, Brad Montague. Together they

it would be our final one and I wanted to

created Kid President which became famous

make it extra good so I spent more time on it.

for his pep talk to America. It blew up the

I’m glad I did because millions of people have

internet.

seen it.

Watch this by clicking here. Kid President’s positive message remains the same: “If you want to be awesome, you have to treat people awesome.” Recently, the team behind Kid President came together with partners to donate 100,000 meals to the children in America who don’t know where their next meal is coming from. Brad

Montague,

the

creator

Kid

President, and his young brother-in-law, Robby Novak, who plays the role, talked about their activism, crazy moments along their journey to internet fame and their definition of a good president.

What made you want to start making these videos? Robby: Brad and I always make things together. We thought we could make some dumb videos on YouTube. Brad: That was the original plan. Robby saw that competition to make a video. I was like, “Yeah that could be fun. We can figure that out.” But the deadline came and went. And we decided it was summer holiday, let’s still do something. I spent my summer working with young people. We had started a camp a few years before that for kids that want to change the world. One of the girls, she and her friend had started a

The Pep Talk video kicked things off for you when it went viral.

soup kitchen; they were 13 and 14. Another

Brad: Yeah, we had a few videos that I thought

had started a beauty pageant with boys and

were successful because our friends and family

girls for special needs. I spent time with these

watched them and liked them. We were

incredible kids. Then I went online, and it was

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

man had built five wells in Africa. Another girl

an election year, similar to a lot of the rhetoric

Brad: He can’t say her name now without

that is going on right now. The idea came. Why

going off into a daze. It will say there was

can’t we listen to these kids? Why aren’t they

more security to meet her than the president.

being amplified? Why are we listening to all

What was a great moment with her was

these negative things? So we thought, “What if

after we’d finish and I’d say it was great, she

a kid were president and that kid was Robby?”

looked over at me and said, “Was that okay?”

It became a good recipe for fun and making a

I couldn’t believe it. You’re Beyonce! You tell

difference.

me! Every person does that. It’s a great thing;

Did you have any idea it would ever get this big?

we see celebrities but they’re still people who need to know they’re okay.

Robby: No. We had no idea.

Have people been that way with you?

Brad: Zero. We’re still scratching our heads.

Robby: Someone asked me, “Do you have

Have you had a moment when it hit you just how huge it is? Brad: Every day. Robby: Meeting the President! It was the Oval Office!

a name?” Brad: He was asked who the most famous person he met was in another interview and his answer was great. Robby: Everybody’s famous to somebody.

something we made – he laughed and invited

How did you start including activism in the Kid President videos?

us in. One of my favorite moments though, we

Brad: We hear a statistic that one in five

were on an airplane and some kids recognized

children don’t know where their next meal is

us and were taking pictures and this older man

coming from, and that’s in the United States.

was beside us. He said, “I noticed some people

A grown up may just hear the numbers and

were really excited to talk to you. What do you

think how sad it is. A kid hears it and they

do?” I told him we make videos on the internet

may feel sad but –

about kids and grown ups working together

Robby: But they want to fix it. Let’s put a stop

to make the world better. He told me he had

to that.

something I should check out and showed me

Brad: We happen to make videos so that’s been

pictures of his granddaughters taking things

our gift that we’ve been able to use to be a part

to the homeless shelter and talking about how

of this – to tell the story that one in five

they came up with doing “Socktober.” I was

children go hungry. We’ve worked with

like, “That was us! That’s our thing! They’re

partners who provide food. That’s activism.

Brad: Not only had the President seen

doing this because of us!” I just wanted to explain to him but I just sat there with a big grin saying it was a great idea. It was a huge gift to see that sometimes people don’t know where the idea is coming from and it doesn’t matter. As long as people are doing good.

Can you talk about this current project? Brad: It’s the Child Hunger Ends Here campaign. Before this, we had been doing a lot of meal packings that addressed hunger on a global scale. We’d pack more than 100,000 meals and send them for over five

Have you had any other starstruck encounters?

years. More than half a million meals.

Robby: I’d say Beyonce. I was like nine when

and I noticed one person would get theirs for

that happened.

free and they wouldn’t be able to get it on

Robby: At school, you have to pay for lunch,

South African Success stories

their own. In other schools they’d get stuff

Brad: They have a high degree of empathy,

on weekends too. It was second through

compassion, creativity.

fourth grade.

Robby: And they like sports.

Brad: We live in a small town and we want

Brad: There are people that make growing

to take care of each other. There are families

up look depressing, but there are some that

that are food insecure and we’re doing

make it look amazing. And they have a lot

alright. This shouldn’t be happening. It’s

of wisdom, eyes full of wonder and they live

everywhere. It’s heartbreaking. But you also

with whimsy. That’s what I’m on a quest for.

see there are so many people addressing that. We’re hoping by sharing the story, people can see the problem and see the people and be inspired to pitch in and just use what you have to make a difference. We make silly videos.

hthompson/kid-president-is-trying-tomake-the-world-a-better-place/ More videos about Kid President:

How To Change The World (a work in

What characteristics would you think would

progress) − https://www.youtube.com/

make a good president?

watch?v=4z7gDsSKUmU

Robby: [laughing] Kanye! John Cena! But

I think we all need a pep talk, https://

really nice. Awesome. They have to be a person

www.ted.com/talks/kid_president_i_

who knows what it’s like to go through hard

think_we_all_need_a_pep_talk

stuff. They wear golf shorts and shirt. You’d be like, “Okay this guy’s cool.”

Source: https://parade.com/477500/

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

ACTIVITY 2.1 Read the article about Kid President, and/or watch the videos. What are the problems in the world that YOU want to fix if you were the next Kid President? Write as many as you can, then note the top 5 and 10 issues. Use your widest, fullest imagination.

2 Solving the world’s problems Sustainable Development Goals How can we make the world a better place? The United Nations has also been thinking about the problems in the world, and has come up with a list of goals for the world to ensure a better, sustainable future for everyone by 2030. If something is “sustainable”, it can carry on for a long time. The 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to transform our world: GOAL 1: No Poverty GOAL 2: Zero Hunger GOAL 3: Good Health and Well-being GOAL 4: Quality Education GOAL 5: Gender Equality GOAL 6: Clean Water and Sanitation GOAL 7: Affordable and Clean Energy GOAL 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth GOAL 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure GOAL 10: Reduced Inequality GOAL 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities GOAL 12: Responsible Consumption and Production GOAL 13: Climate Action GOAL 14: Life Below Water GOAL 15: Life on Land GOAL 16: Peace and Justice Strong Institutions GOAL 17: Partnerships to achieve the Goal Source: https://sdgs.un.org/goals Click on the hyperlinks to find out more about what each goal hopes to fix.

South African Success stories

ACTIVITY 2.2 Whose job is it to make the world a better place?

Which 5 goals do you think are most important? Why?

Would you like to add any, or remove any? Why?

Are your top 5 goals the same as those of your local environment and community?

People’s lives are changed by the people and the environment around them. Let’s think which specific issues have changed our lives recently:

ACTIVITY 2.3 Lets talk: In a small group, list your common problems and challenges. Talk about the challenges that affect the world (i.e. global or international challenges); also South African challenges; also challenges in your town or municipality; and challenges in your own, immediate community or family. Think about health issues, environmental issues and social issues (relating to people and society). Global

South African

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

Town

Own Community

TEACHING TIPS | Changes in the World Making opportunities from new problems: in 2020, COVID-19 and other diseases added to the problems in the world. Are there also some opportunities that come from this tragic pandemic? Do not think only of money, but also how to make a positive change: for example masks, food delivery, shopping service; taking for vaccinations; mobile medical tests. Our Environment – natural disasters, manmade problems, manmade solutions Social issues: How we relate to other people. Work, Food, learning, children, refugees; unemployment; exploitation of resources (link to environment)

Think about it! What if you looked deeper? The issue that you see may not be the real problem. It may be a symptom (sign) of a bigger problem. Can you think of some examples? (For example, people without safe houses or the homeless are symptoms of people being poor (poverty); poverty is something that happens because people have no work (unemployment); unemployment is a symptom of poor education, and so on …). How do you think your ideas can help to solve the deepest problems? Think deep, think deeper.

Case studies Have a look at the pages and choose some that you want to investigate. SDG Discussion Qs on page. You can also ask an adult or older person to share an example of someone who decided to do something to solve a specific problem that really bothered them.

South African Success stories

ACTIVITY 2.4 What problems do you want to work on?

How can you improve the lives of people and animals in your community?

Your Global Solution: Planning to win ACTIVITY 2.5 Look again at the challenges you listed in Activity/worksheet 2.3. Now add another column with the heading ‘Possible solution’. Write down some ideas about what you can do as an individual to solve these challenges. As you will see in Unit 5, these challenges may just present ideal opportunities for your own business! International

South Africa

Local

Possible solution

Think about it! You know your own problems and issues well. Work in pairs to think about solutions for these problems.

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UNIT 3 Identifying what your users or customers need Well done! You have chosen challenges to solve in the world and in your community. But do you know what your community thinks? Remember, these are the people who will buy your product or use your service. You really need a shared understanding of the real issues! Your brilliant idea won’t help if no-one wants to use it or can’t buy it! One of the key elements of a successful business is the market (CUSTOMERS) or if you are a social entrepreneur, is this good match or fit to your community and environment.

1 Basic elements of a business z

Product – a thing you can make or something you can do (a service) that solves a specific problem and gives users what they need and want.

Market – a group of people who need and want your product or service, and someone is willing to pay for it (customers or funders).

Money – to get the business started, and to keep business going.

People – employees who have the necessary knowledge and skills, and are motivated to make the business work.

Basic elements of a business

Product

Money

Market

People

Food for thought *These days, it is not necessary to limit your business to your immediate physical area. The internet and social media make it possible to reach customers across the world. All you need is a website and a way to transport your products to your customers (airlines, couriers and post offices). For example, www.tenstickers.co.za may have a South African website address, but the products are often manufactured in European countries such as Belgium and then shipped from Spain! Go global in your business! So how do you find out what your potential customers want? How can you make your customers very happy?

Identifying what your users or customers need

2 Let’s find out − doing market research Doing market research simply means finding out (‘researching’) who your market (‘customers’) is, and what products or services they need and want. There are many different ways to do market research, like z

Watch people: observing or watching customers or potential users in their daily lives, or while they are using a product or service;

Talk to people (focus groups): small groups of people, who are asked specific questions in order to gather information about their views on various issues;

Write your questions out − for developing questionnaires for written feedback or written interview questions.

All of these methods could be carried out either in person, or online (using whatsapp, e-mail or the internet). IMPORTANT! NEVER interfere with people’s privacy while doing market research!

Market research should answer three basic questions: z

Who is my USER?

Is my product or service idea in DEMAND (needed)?

How much are people WILLING TO PAY for my product? If not themselves, who can pay for this to be used by others?

Types of questions to ask to get the right information Your questions should include: Basic information to get a general picture of who your potential customers are (the ‘target market’): z

Age/Grade

Where they work, live or go to school

Gender (if important)

Occupation/income

Now, keeping in mind the product or service you want to put on the market, start asking questions about the interests and behaviour of your target market: z

Would you like to …?

Would you use … ?

How often would you use …. ?

Do you prefer X or Z …?

How much would you be prepared to pay for …?

(Remember, make sure these questions relate to your planned product or service!)

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The next stage is to find out what your target market is already using (in other words, are there products or services that compete with your planned product or service?) z

What product or service do you currently use to ….

How long have you been using it?

What do you like about this product or service?

What don’t you like about this product or service?

What would you change about this product or service?

Now are you ready to present your new idea for a product or service. You can use a short written description, or show a fun video. Make sure that you highlight the most important parts of your offering. Keep it simple, but interesting and always true. Talk about what makes your product or service unique, and remind the users what changes you expect in their life if they use your product or service. You can then ask specific questions to find out if people will buy or use your product or service, such as: At what price would you consider buying this product/service?

Good questions for better understanding z

Ask open-ended questions − (not yes/no questions) Open-ended questions get people talking, focusing the conversation on what is most important to the customer. For example, asking “Tell me about the last time you purchased a gift for someone special” (open-ended) is a better question than “Have you ever bought a gift?” (yes/no)

Encourage stories − Stories show how people think and feel about the world, give clues about behaviour, and give you a chance to ask follow-up questions. Get customers talking, then listen carefully and with curiosity!

Ask why, why, why − Find out why people do or say things, what they were hoping to accomplish, and why those things are important in their life. Ask deeper questions to make sure you get to the root of the issue. Source: https://www.nfte.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Intuit-Education-D4Dbooklet-for-NFTE-community.pdf Also see: How to Conduct a Market Research Survey for Your Startup Idea, https://

medium.com/startup-grind/how-to-conduct-a-market-research-survey-for-your-product-idead048dc080259

Identifying what your users or customers need

ACTIVITY 3.1 My Market Research table: Benefits

Challenges

Interviews Focus groups Questionnaires Observation

For your product or service, what is the best way of doing market research: online market research, or personal, face-to-face market research?

Why?

Also see: The Importance of Market Research For New Business Ideas https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/217345

Useful sites: https://www.thesmallbusinesssite.co.za/starting-a-business/ Remember, earlier we also mentioned that observation (watching people) is a good way of doing market research. To observe someone is to look at or study someone; in this case to find out what they actually do, what they use, what they buy, and if they could be a potential user of what you make. Here is a very interesting way of doing observational market research: garbology!

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TEACHING TIPS | Bags of Rubbish

ACTIVITY 3.2 Garbology Fill in the details based on what your best guess is, based on the information you get from looking through your customer’s garbage. There is no right or wrong answer. SOCIOECONOMIC Income Level: Education Level: Work/Occupation: GEOGRAPHIC Where do they live? Be very specific! Age: Gender: Race: Language at home: Generation: PSYCHOGRAPHICS Buying Behaviour (from what they throw away)

Family Size/Details Interests or Hobbies Attributes Relating To

OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR CUSTOMER

Geography: Lifestyle: Life stage: Personality: Attitudes: Values/Beliefs: Source: https://yeacademy.org/lessons/?topic=marketing&lesson=garbology&resource=2227

Identifying what your users or customers need

3 Case Study

TEACHING TIPS | Games people play

Summary At the beginning of the digital age, a maker of electronic systems asked a team of engineers to develop digital games. The engineers saw an opportunity to convert Checkers, Chess, and other old board games into electronic versions. Consumer research showed a much bigger opportunity, a fantasy world beyond the imaginations of the engineers.

Strategic Issues The new technological breakthroughs in integrated circuits, microprocessors and other electronic components made new products possible. A big company organized engineering teams to work on a different opportunity. One team was assigned “games” and the task of developing games for digital devices and media. The team’s first focus was on converting various board games into digital or electronic versions, and they wanted some guidance, based on consumer research, about how best to design electronic versions of these board games. But the engineers might be too rigid or too structured in their thinking, and recommended that qualitative research (focus groups and depth interviews) be the research method. They asked about consumer motivations (why they played the games) and the engineers could view the interviews and understand better what might be possible. The engineers liked the idea of escaping their desks to watch consumers through a one-way mirror, and the project was approved.

Research Objectives The researchers wanted to help the engineers convert board games into electronic versions, based on consumer feedback. We explored consumer attitudes toward games in general – and asked what the game players liked and disliked about the games. The makers felt it was a waste of time, but agreed to ask the users.

Research Design and Methods They used focus groups and depth interviews. Face to face focus groups were conducted in the United States, across many major cities. Several focus groups among men, divided into similar age groups, were conducted. Several focus groups were conducted among women, following the same sampling pattern. In addition, a number of depth interviews happened in each market. The researchers wanted to see the users as they discussed games (in groups), but the researchers also wanted to hear what individuals would say and do without peer influence or pressure (why they needed, the depth interviews).

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The questions they asked, started very broadly and vaguely on the subject of playing games and sports, so that respondents did not know the purpose of the discussions. As the sessions evolved, researchers asked about childhood memories of playing games, explored adults playing games with other adults, and explored adults playing games with children. The research asked questions about the joys of games and the disappointments. They used role playing and story telling, to help uncover deeper emotions and feelings. The research probed into the psychology of game playing and the factors involved. Towards the end of the sessions, focus was on board games and their conversion to electronic media (the primary objective). The groups loved this, were very involved and it showed new revelations that were deep. It seemed that everyone had very strong feelings about games and game playing. The longer respondents talked, the deeper and more intense the sessions became. The results were not what the engineers expected.

Results We learned that human beings are extremely competitive creatures, but these competitive urges are suppressed at every turn. In the home, in school, in church, and at work, open competition among individuals is actively discouraged in the interests of social harmony and cooperation. In playing games, these deep-seated competitive drives are unleashed and set free. It’s thrilling to compete openly to win – when winning is a socially acceptable outcome. We also learned that consumers were not much interested in playing board games, or solving puzzles, or playing chess on computers or electronic media. What the participants really wanted to do was sit in the cockpit and fly the airplane, sit in the driver’s seat and race the car, drive the tank and shoot its gun, and carry the rifle and grenades into the thick of battle. The respondents wanted simulated action and conflict, and wanted to be participants in the competitive action and excitement. We were thrilled with these discoveries. They started a new industry. The rest is history. Source: https://www.decisionanalyst.com/casestudies/gamespeopleplay/

Winning Ideas ACTIVITY 3.3 Take one of the ideas (possible solutions) you came up with in the previous unit (Activity/worksheet 2.5), and design a questionnaire that you can use in a market survey to identify in detail z z z

Who are your users/target market?; Is there a demand for your product or service?, and What needs to change from your first idea so that customers get what they need and also what they want?

Identifying what your users or customers need

UNIT 4 Creative solutions Are we all creative? People may think that creativity is something that only artists have; people like musicians, or painters, or grand inventors. But actually, we can all be creative. Some parts of creativity include being open, being curious, asking “why”? Every time you solve a problem, or develop your ideas, you are using your creativity.

1 Everyday creativity

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/district30/creativity-innovation Also see: 50 Ways to Practice Everyday Creativity - TARA MOHR, https://www.taramohr. com/creativity/everyday-creativity/ Being creative simply means that you think playfully about things – that you look at it in many new ways. In other words, you CREATE some new ideas and solutions.

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There are many theories to explain what creativity is, and they all include these three elements: z

Expertise: Knowledge about a specific topic, or topics.

Creative thinking skills: The skills to see issues in many different ways, and to think of many different ways to solve problems.

Motivation: Someone’s ‘inner drive’ to create solutions to problems, or to achieve something. Intrinsic motivation is coming from inside, for example, a strong sense of purpose or values, or from outside a person (‘extrinsic’, for example money or fame).

THE THREE COMPONENTS OF CREATIVITY Within every individual, creativity is a function of three components: expertise, creative-thinking skills, and motivation. Can managers influence these components? The answer is an emphatic yes – for better or for worse – through workplace practices and conditions.

Expertise is, in a word, knowledge – technical, procedural, and intellectual.

Creativethinking skills

Expertise Creativity

Creative-thinking skills determine how flexibly and imaginatively people approach problems. Do their solutions upend the status quo? Do they persevere through dry spells?

Motivation

Not all motivation is created equal. An inner passion to solve the problem at hand leads to solutions far more creative than do external rewards, such as money. This component – called intrinsic motivation – is the one that can be most immediately influenced by the work enviroment.

Source: Creativity2-models-1-728.jpg (728×546) (slidesharecdn.com)

ACTIVITY 4.1 z

Do you know some very creative people? Who are they? What makes them creative?

Come up with between 6 and 10 names, and make sure that you include some people you know, local community, and anyone you have heard of?

Creative solutions

2 Meet the entrepreneur, Mr Elon Musk

TEACHING TIPS | Elon Musk’s guide to making your biggest creative projects

Based on an article written by

make. Musk switched to stainless steel.

Nic Kocher Oct 14, 2019

Starship Mark 1 was built in six months, a lot quicker than NASA’s 15 year for

Who is he? Elon Musk may be the most

carbon fibre.

significant South African born entrepreneur of all time. His work is in many areas from

Elon says good things should not take

banking,

neural

extra time. If anything slows you down,

implants, and solar power, plus revolutionized

change it. Choose the ‘fastest’ way, and

two stagnant and challenging industries: cars

see what happens.

underground

boring,

and space exploration! Elon’s way of thinking boosts creativity and gets things done.

Get used to failure. “There’s a tremendous bias against taking

This framework, comes from Elon Musk’s

risks. Everyone is trying to optimize their ass-

approach to his work, can help us reach

covering.” – Elon Musk

our goals with our own creative projects. Let’s get started. 1.

Elon’s company, Space X was trying to land the Falcon 9 rocket – something never

Speed up the process.

done before. It crashed into the sea many

“If the schedule is long it’s wrong, if it’s tight

times. With every new launch, they made

it’s right.” − Elon Musk

adjustments. Finally, there was success.

Musk

tries

build

things

quickly.

Anything that slows us down is shifted or changed to a faster process. The idea is you will learn more from quickly making something rather than endlessly planning. Don’t try to be perfect. For example, Starship, Elon’s reusable mega-rocket, was going to be made from carbon fibre. This material was the best choice. But it was hard to make and needed special molds that would take years to

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This approach goes against every fiber of NASA’s being where there is a strong mentality of “failure is not an option.” This fear of failure helps only when you are scared of loss, but failing quickly means getting to solutions quicker. Trial and error is part of the creative process. What if you embraced certain failure? You can then rebuild quicker, knowing what not to do. Iteration means making changes.

“I think it’s very important to have a feedback

rocket to have the tail fins that work as

loop, where you’re constantly thinking about

the legs – a simple and elegant design.

what you’ve done and how you could be

It took years of research and millions of

doing it better.” – Elon Musk

dollars. In the end, the engineers couldn’t make it work. Mr Musk let it go.

Tesla cars are loaded with new features overnight. When they go for a service,

Even if you have spent years working on a

hardware and software can be updated.

project, if it’s not working, it’s time to try

Continuous improvement is now normal

something else. “Future you” will thank

– in the past, you bought a car that was

you for letting go.

frozen in time.

5. The right question is often more important

Open creative processes mean the process

than the answer.

of building something and also improving

Many people in the past were trying to

it through repeated updates. The rule is to

make the best rocket. But the question

make it, improve it, and make it again.

Elon Musk asked was not what is the best rocket, but how is the best way to you get

Back to Basics

to Mars and back? The atmosphere on

Elon thought about what people wanted

Mars is mostly carbon dioxide: if you mix

most from a bank – not big buildings,

this with water and some solar power, you

physical cards, or complicated services.

can create methane. That’s the fuel that

They just wanted to quickly and safely

Mr Musk chose to power his rocket so it

transfer money. He went back to basics,

could return with a full tank. It is a world’s

with his innovation Zip2 later became

first, because he asked the right question.

PayPal.

Your project may have a lot of good

In your project, think about what your

answers for how and why you make this

work is trying to say. Can you say it

product or service. But are you asking the

simply, clearly or in a better way? Often,

right questions?

things change and the way you do things becomes irrelevant. Get back to basics and solve the problems of the world 4.

Let go of whatever is not working.

Don’t make it complicated. “The best part is no part. The best process is no process.” – Elon Musk

“Don’t pretend something’s working when

Cars that drive themselves are a dream for

it’s not, or you’re gonna get stuck on a bad

many car manufacturers. Many makers of

solution.” – Elon Musk

cars tried LIDAR technology – a dome that

Elon Musk likes the comic book series, Tintin. He loves the look of the 1950s rocket in Tintin. He wanted his own

sits on top of the car. It beams out lasers and measures distance with pinpoint accuracy.

Creative solutions

However, Musk has opted for a simple

If others (or you) think something can’t

camera-only system for his Tesla cars.

be done or must be used – question them

He says that the world’s road system was

all. These limits may be misplaced, or no

developed with human eyes (not lasers),

longer true.

and that LIDAR is expensive technology that needs complex Artificial Intelligence

“When you start, there is optimism…

(AI) systems. Many people think he is

and then you encounter all sorts of issues and

wrong. We don’t know what will work

you will go through a whole world of hurt.”

best until we have tried it. It is common

– Elon Musk

for Elon Musk to remove anything that is not needed or is too complicated. Examine

your

own

work.

What

Tesla’s manufacturing was not going well. The new Model 3 production line had

stalled, and investors were panicking.

unnecessary? Are your processes long or

Musk needed to fix the problem. He set

complicated? Some people make their

up a mattress next to the production

work look more complicated because

line

they think it sounds better if it’s difficult

spent

days

and

nights

every time a custom change was needed

remove and simplify.

to one car, everything would stop. His

Question the limits

solution was to build a giant tent next

“Question your limitations – they are probably

to the factory and move all the “problem”

wrong.” – Elon Musk

cars there. The main production line was now flowing, and production speeds

Mr Musk asks all his teams to question

were faster.

the limitations that everyone assumes. Senior scientist, Dan Rasky, wanted to use

Things go wrong. Projects have problems,

a specific glue to apply heat shield tiles to

and things break. Don’t give up.

the Dragon crewed capsule. But another department informed him that it ‘turned to butter’ at high temperatures.

Believe in yourself and take a risk. “The chances of me going into the rocket business, without knowing anything about

Instead of taking it at face value, he placed

rockets, not having ever built anything, I

a sample into a custom-built furnace and

mean, I would have to be insane if I thought

discovered the glue properties far exceed

the odds were in my favor.” – Elon Musk

the specifications. He not only had the perfect glue, but he also learned more about it.

and

considering the issues. It turned out

to understand, but it is always better to

Keep going. Persist.

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Musk’s money he earned from the sale of

11. Find your greatest passion and shoot for

Paypal was $180 million. He put $100m in

the stars.

Space X, $70m in Tesla, and $10m in Solar

“There have to be reasons that get you up

City. He had nothing left – and for a while,

in the morning and make you want to live.

he slept on friend’s couches. He took a big

Why do you want to live? What’s the point?

risk, but he believed in himself. He used

What inspires you? What do you love about

his own money, and if his companies

the future? If the future does not include

failed, then he would go down with them.

being out there among the stars and being

That is an example of taking a risk.

a multi-planet species, I find that incredibly

Take a risk for your projects. It could be

depressing.” – Elon Musk

your time, your money or your reputation.

What is his purpose? Mr Musk has a

Use deadlines to put pressure on yourself,

deep desire to make life better. It is the

or tell someone what you are doing, to

basis for all he does. Having big and

give you added social pressure.

meaningful goals is contagious. You will

Make failure painful and make the rewards big. 10. Find synergies. “If you’re trying to create a company, it’s like baking a cake. You have to have all the ingredients in the right proportion.” – Elon Musk Synergies are everywhere in Musk’s work. He borrows and combines previous work to enhance new projects. You might have lots of skills. Think

find supporters. If your work can bring joy to someone, if it brings about positive change, or new ways of doing things, – keep reminding yourself of this. Your purpose will help you when times are tough and boost you even higher when you succeed. Source: https:// entrepreneurshandbook.co/useelon-musks-12-principles-to-knockout-your-biggest-creative-projects9c4ccf851996

about what you can use in your projects. It might be a particular skill, a piece of work, or a contact.

Creative solutions

ACTIVITY 4.2 Read the article about Elon Musk. Which of the principles surprised you most? What is different from what you have been told at school? Discuss with others.

For your own project, product or service: which of these principles do you plan you use in your future business? Give specific plans. My project product or service

What I can use

Specific details

Also see: What makes creative solutions people like Elon Musk successful? https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/business-day-am/key-traits-that-make-creative-geniuses-like-elon-muskwho-they-are~1325358 https://medium.com/swlh/how-to-generate-ideas-like-elon-musk-31c234f8b073 https://businessgraduatesassociation.com/how-to-become-a-creative-problem-solver-like-elon-musk/ https://whatscreativeluc.blogspot.com/2017/02/the-creative-mind-of-elon-musk_14.html

Watch these videos: 7 Tips on how to become a creative entrepreneur https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aleYfVyuZYA

Entrepreneurial ideas for the new reality: List of top 75 small business ideas in South Africa that you should try https://briefly.co.za/23841-small-business-ideas-south-africa-work-2021.html

Think about it! How can you add more creativity in your life and project?

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3 General tips – how to become more creative Here are 8 ways to become more creative: GO NATURAL Even pictures of nature inspire people’s minds to be more creative. Better still, get out in the wild. MOVE MORE Research shows people come up with more ideas after even minimal activity. USE YOUR HANDS Working with materials and models will help you create more ideas.

8 WAYS TO BOOST YOUR CREATIVITY

WARM UP Take an every day object and see how many different uses you can think of for it in 2 minutes.

LOSE YOUR PRIDE If you’re not worried who gets the credit for creativity, then you’ll love building new ideas with other creatives.

SEARCH FOR EVIDENCE Get a list of all the times in the past when you’ve come up with creative solutions to things.

ASK WHAT IF I WAS A KID? Children aren’t constrained in their thinking as we are, so if you can, think like a kid, or better still, ask one some questions.

HANG OUT WITH CREATIVE PEOPLE Who are your most creative friends? Go and spend time with them and pick their brain about what helps them be creative.

See: Creativity in Everyday Life − Creativity Workshop, https://creativityworkshop.com/articles/ creativity-in-everyday-life-3 Also see: How To Free Your Creative Thinking − Faulhaber Communications, https:// faulhabercommunications.com/how-to-free-your-creative-thinking/ Remember the garbology exercise you did? Well, you can also use that same bag of garbage you collected in other CREATIVE ways. Recycled materials can offer a business opportunity in itself – scrap metal, cans paper, cardboard can be collected and sold to manufacturers who use them to make new products. Some people get creative and make craft items to sell with recycled materials. For example, shopping plastic bags are re-used to make mats, glass bottles can be made into drinking glasses and flower vases.

Creative solutions

ACTIVITY 4.3 Think of your own idea for a product that you can make from waste (things thrown away). z

Give a short description of the product.

List the ingredients (waste) and tools you will need.

Describe how (the process to make the product).

Explain how you will sell the product, to which customers?

Also see: https://zerowastememoirs.com/10-amazing-products-made-using-recycled-materials/ https://masschallenge.org/article/recycling-startups https://www.instructables.com/Cute-DIY-Lampshade-Made-Using-Plastic-Bottle/ https://craftsbyamanda.com/recycled-plastic-lid-windchime/

Improving creativity in a group More and better ideas come from a group of people than alone. If you want more creative ideas, invite more people to think together. This is called brainstorming. When people work together, they need to feel free to offer many ideas – good ideas and “bad ideas’’ too: you need to make this possible in a free space where all ideas are welcomed, without criticism. You can have a rule, where the group cannot say no to any idea, they need to say “yes, and”, and build on all ideas, not to judge, but to make space for all ideas. Brainstorming is best done in a group, but you can try this individually too. How to Brainstorm New Business Ideas in 6 Steps - 2021 - MasterClass, https://www. masterclass.com/articles/how-to-brainstorm-new-business-ideas How to Brainstorm and generate creative ideas for your business, https://www.wpoven.com/ blog/creative-ideas-for-your-business/ Best Exercises to Spark Creativity in Ideation, https://innovationlab.net/blog/9-best-exercises-tospark-creativity-in-ideation/ Creativity Exercises To Improve Creative Thinking and Problem-Solving at Work, https://www. indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/creativity-exercise 34

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There are many creative ways to come up with new ideas by brainstorming. These include for example starbursting, forced connection, six hats, brainwriting, and speedboating. See Creative Activity Guide for Idea Generation, https://www.meetcortex.com/blog/creativeactivity-guide-for-idea-generation

Brainwriting The first thing when starting to brain-write is to say what the problem is, very clearly. Once the problem is identified, write it down on the top of an empty sheet of paper. Then pass the sheet around to each person in the group. While the paper is being passed around the group members are writing down their thoughts and ideas relating to the problem.

Speedboating To start this activity someone draws a speedboat on a whiteboard or a piece of paper. Then the group starts to draw anchors attached to the boat with problems on it that will slow down the speedboat. The problems will show what will slow down your speedboat (product or idea). Since you are identifying your problems before implementing your idea or product to the market you are able to plan for those problems in advance. Source: https://www.meetcortex.com/blog/creative-activity-guide-for-idea-generation

ACTIVITY 4.4 When food is thrown away, and not eaten by the hungry people who need it (food waste) is a big problem in the world. Read this article

Teaching Resource

STORY What Is Food Waste? Food waste or food loss is edible food that is

One third of the world’s food is lost or wasted.

discarded or lost uneaten.

What does this do to the world? It has effects on:

It’s not just the food itself that goes to waste;

The Environment: When food is thrown away

it’s all the time, money and cost that were used

it ends up in landfill where it decomposes and

in making the food - all the resources from the

releases methane, a dangerous greenhouse gas

water to land and labour. An example of this

that affects our environment. In fact, 8% of

is that 70% of all the water used in the world

the global greenhouse gas emissions comes

is used in agriculture.

from food waste. This means that if food loss

Creative solutions

and waste were its own country it would be

What if food doesn’t look “perfect?” When

the third-largest source of greenhouse gas

people demand fruit and vegetables to look

emissions (after the US and China).

a certain way, this means producers get rid

Economy: Every year, the cost of food waste to the world’s economy is about $1.2 trillion. Society: Throwing away food is even worse because the food could feed hungry people: there are 870 million people around the world who are living in hunger. There are more hungry people than two- and-a-half times the population of the United States of America. In some countries more than 40 % of the food produced is lost or wasted somewhere along the food supply chain. This is a solvable problem, but people don’t know enough about food waste. If this gets worse, there will be 2.1 billion tons of food that is not eaten, the value of this food is $1.5 trillion by the year 2030. Food Waste Chain There is food lost or wasted all along the food supply chain from where it comes from, the farm where it grows to the table of those who eat it.

of up to 32% of imperfect or irregular shaped fruit and vegetables. When food is stored, transported, the quality of the food can be changed. What it looks like can also cause issues, because food must match the manufacturer’s standards so that it can be sold. If the food gets the wrong label or if there is damage to the packaged food, those products will no longer be acceptable for sale. When food is transported to the supermarkets and shops and sold from there to consumers. Here waste happens because food has a limited shelf life. The lifespan is dictated by the date labelling on the products, which can be inconsistent and confusing. Some food can be thrown away even if it is still good to eat. Source: https://toogoodtogo.org/en/ movement/education/food-waste-aglobal-problem

Teaching Resource Additional info & exercise about food waste: https://toogoodtogo.org/en/movement/education/age-14-16 https://toogoodtogo.org/en/movement/education/age-10-13 Video: https://issuu.com/dgmurraytrust_issuu/docs/social_enterprises_aimed_at_waste_ reduction_and_wa Case study solving food waste: https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/700/216173.html https://ventureburn.com/2021/05/food-waste-innovation-challenge-launches-in-sa/

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

ACTIVITY 4.5 In a small group, come up with all the ideas, good and bad, to help find creative solutions to this problem of food waste by using either the speedboat or brainwriting technique. FINDING GOOD IDEAS: INDIVIDUAL BRAINSTORMING Brainstorming does not always have to be done in groups. In fact, individual brainstorming can sometimes be more effective than group brainstorming, especially if you already have a fairly clear idea of the outcome you want, and if you just want to develop your existing idea a bit further. One interesting technique for individual brainstorming is the spider-web.

By using a spider-web, one idea will make many other related ideas. 1. 2. 3.

Write down the topic or the problem in a circle in the middle of a page. Draw lines out from the main circle, and connect it to smaller circles for subtopics. Draw lines out from the subtopics circles and write down ideas – any ideas – related to these subtopics. Label these “sub-ideas”.

Continue to create more layers of circles. Do not try to create a perfect spider-web but write freely and follow any train of thought without “editing” yourself at this stage. https://gordianplot.fandom.com/wiki/Individual_brainstorming

Subidea

Subtopic

Subtopic Subidea

Main Topic

Subtopic

Subidea

(https://www.lucidchart.com/blog/weaving-ideas-with-spider-diagrams)

4 Planning to win Take your business idea and use the spiderweb technique to develop it further.

Creative solutions

UNIT 5 The people who change the world: Social entrepreneurship What is a social entrepreneur? Who are the people who make the solutions that make the world a better place? Entrepreneurs are known as business people who see the need for a something, and they make and sell that product or service for a profit. A social entrepreneur is someone who sees the challenges in the world (financial, social or environmental problems) and they solve these challenges through what they make or do. It’s important to remember that social entrepreneurs are still very much real entrepreneurs. They need to cover costs and make a profit, BUT: they do care about more than just money (profit is known as the bottom line). They measure their success based on the so-called triple bottom line: PEOPLE – how the business affects people and society PLANET – how the business affects the environment PROFIT – how the business makes money, and how much Social enterprises have goals to make the world a better place (social goals) as well as business goals (financial), but their main objective is to bring about social change. They use the normal entrepreneurial principles and processes to create and manage a business, while bringing about the desired change. The first step in starting a social enterprise is to understand a social or environmental problem that you want to solve.

Think about it! Does being a social entrepreneur mean that you do not want to make a profit? What do you think: SHOULD social entrepreneurs make a profit? How do social enterprises differ from NGOs (do they)?

Teaching Resource | Case Studies

Meet 6 young social entrepreneurs who are helping to drive change, https://smesouthafrica. co.za/16609/Meet-6-of-SAs-young-pioneers-who-are-driving-social-change/ 4 Surprisingly Simple Social Enterprises, https://www.thesedge.org/socent-spotlights/4surprisingly-simple-social-enterprises Read the case studies that your parent or teacher will share with you.

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

ACTIVITY 5.1 z

Why can they be seen as social entrepreneurs?

Which challenges did they want to solve?

Think critically about their business ideas. What would you do differently?

How To … A step-by-step guide to changing the world

Teaching Resource | What do you need to do to become a social entrepreneur?

Identify the problem you would like to solve The first step is to identify the social problem which you want to solve. Be very specific. It is important that the problem is close to your heart as this will give you the drive to continue when you really feel like giving up. Then write down how you will solve this problem through your social enterprise. This will become your mission statement. Your mission statement should be able to answer the following questions: z

What does your social business do?

How does your social business do it?

Why does your social business do it?

Find your community: It is important to become a member of the community whose problem you are trying to solve as they will advise you on the details of the problem and support you and your business. Consider involving other businesses in your community as well. This is where market research comes in.

Creative solutions

Get financing You can finance your business through various ways, for example: z

Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN)

GSG Impact Investing

Impact management project

African venture philanthropy network Also see: http://knowledge.finfind.co.za/social-enterprise-funding-/-impact-investing

Grow organically When you start your business it is important to start small and local and work the kinks out of your social business model. Be flexible – take on opportunities that fit in with your vision and drop the things that do not add value. When you have a workable model, you can consider expanding.

Never give up There will always be people who tell you that you cannot do it, or who will come up with all kinds of obstacles. Listen to good advice that is well-meant, and evaluate all inputs, but don’t simply accept everything. Social entrepreneurship has many challenges – also because the social cause you want to address in your business is close to your heart. But keep on believing, work hard and don’t give up! The world and its people will thank you. Source: https://www.thesmallbusinesssite.co.za/2019/01/14/5-steps-becoming-socialentrepreneur/

Websites/Videos https://www.climatecolab.org/contests/2017/land-use-agriculture-forestry-wastemanagement/c/proposal/1334140 https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2021/1/10/chioma-ukonu-a-social-entrepreneurturning-waste-into-impact-in-nigeria https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/agents-for-change/5-ways-social-entrepreneurs-are-tryingto-cut-food-waste https://www.news24.com/fin24/opinion/sas-social-entrepreneurs-going-from-surviving-tothriving-20180615

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

Teaching Resource | Case Study Load shedding blues? The Baby Turtle’s got your back Apr 22 2019 07:45 Anton Ressel

The original SolarTurtle

A Stellenbosch-based green energy company believes it can tackle lack of access to power and youth unemployment in one go. SolarTurtle, a social enterprise that uses renewable energy designs to create jobs for youth and women, has signed a development and commercialisation contract with the South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI). The result? Portable solar energy hubs that use the power of the sun to let users charge batteries, get WiFi access and other power-related services wherever they are, including remote and rural areas. The SolarTurtle is an award-winning solar energy hub developed by Cape Town engineer James van der Walt and his team. The container-based energy kiosk features automated solar panels that deploy and fold away automatically for transport, or if there is any kind of threat, like wind storms, protests or anything else, Fin24 previously reported. It retreats like a turtle into its shell – hence the name SolarTurtle. The so-called ‘Baby Turtle’ is a smaller, movable version. In other words, this latest contract will see the design and implementation of three new solar kiosk designs of various portable sizes. They will all be based on SolarTurtle’s existing fold-away designs – which have been successfully piloted in several sites in SA and Lesotho – but with a new software management system.

Creative solutions

SolarTurtle designs and builds solar kiosks with a range of applications, including charging stations, internet hubs and portable computer and training labs. Their Nedbank project involved them developing a solar-powered container solution for providing banking facilities in remote and rural areas. The latest project with SANEDI sees them combining solar technology with a micro-business model to create access to energy and sustainable business opportunities at a community level.

Market gap “There is a gap in the market for a small solar-kiosk that can provide battery-charging and WiFi options to meet the ever-growing reliance on smartphones and other ICT devices. “What if you can just swap-out your flat powerbank-battery for one charged from the sun? You can take these bite size energy packets to work or home to provide immediate relief without needing a wall power-socket?” says SolarTurtle General Manager Lungelwa Tyali. She says there is enough output in most power-banks to also power lights at home, thus providing a safe alternative to paraffin lamps and similar devices in areas with no electricity or where electricity supply is inconsistent. Their vision is to provide access to cheap and sustainable energy to all South Africans for whom this is currently a challenge, whether rural or urban based. “The demand for accessible electricity in pay-as-you-go increments has been proven across Africa. We at SolarTurtle just want to take it a step further,” she adds.

Baby shark? Nope, Baby Turtle Several years went into the development of these portable solar kiosks, dubbed ‘Baby Turtles’ by SolarTurtle co-founder and lead engineer James van der Walt. “New battery charging station technology, coupled with an integrated software platform that manages the process for operators, customers and donors alike, will allow these energy kiosks to not just provide immediate relief to people that struggle to keep their phones charged and lights on, but also create sustainable opportunities for micro-entrepreneurs in these communities,” he explains. Van der Walt adds that the back-end software that manages the kiosks will make use of various tools including gamification and online training to encourage buy-in from operators and help push these small green businesses to new heights. The project with SANEDI will run over three years, during which time SolarTurtle will produce, test and commercialise these new solar powered units with the accompanying software packages. The long-term goal is to provide a wide range of customers with access to safe, cheap energy while creating sustainable business opportunities, particularly for women and young entrepreneurs. Source: https://www.fin24.com/Entrepreneurs/load-shedding-blues-the-baby-turtles-got-yourback-20190418

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

ACTIVITY 5.2 Read the case study about SolarTurtle and answer the following questions. Why can this be regarded as an example of social entrepreneurship?

What resources did they use?

What problem(s) did they want to solve?

Who benefitted from the SolarTurtle, and what were these benefits?

INFO BOX A mission statement explains in simple terms what the purpose of a business is.

Planning to Win ACTIVITY 5.3 Choose one problem and its possible solutions from the list that you created in Activity 2.5. Now start thinking in more detail about a social enterprise you would like to create to solve this problem. Write a mission statement for your social enterprise. Remember to include the answers to the following questions in your mission statement: What does your social enterprise do? How does your social enterprise do it? Why does your social enterprise do it? Who do you regard as your community? How will you involve your community? (also as part of doing market research)

z z z z z

Answer these questions in no more than 5 sentences each to form a complete mission statement for your social enterprise.

Creative solutions

UNIT 6 International Entrepreneurship competitions Pulling it all together You as a future business owner have been through a few processes. Now you need to get ready to share your idea with the world. You will pull together all the information about entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship and the basic elements of such a business.

ACTIVITY 6.1 Ready to Pitch z z z z z

My Business Idea (one sentence) Describe the product or service Is this an enterprise or a social enterprise? Why? If it is a social enterprise – What problems will it help solve? How does my business address the SDGs, and/or the triple bottom line of People, Planet and Profit? Who is the target market? Why? (This will link to the social aspect of the business.)

Teaching Resource | Info on competitions https://www.entreplanet.org/GYEC/ https://www.entrepreneurship-campus.org/youth-citizen-entrepreneurship-competition/: Its time to apply your innovative business idea in practice. Ready to pitch? email me ingrid@brightmedia.co.za and submit your pitch proposals for comments, or when you are ready go ahead and enter the global entrepreneurship competitions. South Africans are innovative learners, now lets make our mark internationally.

https://entrepreneurshipchallenge.co.za/ https://www.opportunitiesforafricans.com/citizen-entrepreneurship-competition-2021

Entrepreneurship Global Competition Guide

Teaching Resource | Info on competitions

Is not able to provide a definition and description of an entrepreneur and list entrepreneurial characteristics

Is not able to identify problems in the community and come up with possible solutions and opportunities

Is not able to identify and describe ways in being a social entrepreneur can help solve community problems

Is not able to use any creative thinking skills to come up with product or service ideas

Is not able to describe and use ways of doing market research

Is not able to bring together elements to prepare a business plan at all

Define an entrepreneur and reflect on whether you could be one

Identify problems in your community and come up with possible solutions and opportunities

Determine how being a social entrepreneur can help solve identified problems in the community

Use creative thinking to develop your initial ideas further and come up with a product or service

Do market research to find out if people will be interested in your product or service

Bring all the elements together to prepare your entry for the competition

Not Achieved (0–1)

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA – RUBRIC (5 POINT SCALE)

Bring together some elements and prepare incomplete business plan

Provide incomplete description and limited ways to do market research.

Use some creative thinking skills but cannot come up with practical and creative ideas

Identify and describe only one way in which being a social entrepreneur can help solve community problems

Identify limited problems in the community and come up with one or two possible solutions and opportunities

Provide an incomplete definition of an entrepreneur and list some entrepreneurial characteristics

Partially Achieved (2)

Bring together all elements and prepare a complete business plan

Provide description and list ways to do market research

Use creative thinking to develop initial ideas further and come up with a product or service

Identify and describe ways in which being a social entrepreneur can help solve community problems

Identify problems in the community and come up with possible solutions and opportunities

Provide a definition of an entrepreneur and list entrepreneurial characteristics

Achieved (3)

Total Learner’s mark out of 50

Bring together all elements in a creative way and prepare a complete and innovative business plan

Provide a detailed description and list a variety of innovative ways to do market research

Use creative and original thinking to develop initial ideas further and come up with a variety of product or service

Identify and describe in detail various ways in which being a social entrepreneur can help solve community problems

Identify a number of problems in the community and come up with many possible solutions and opportunities

Provide a detailed definition and description of an entrepreneur and list a number of entrepreneurial characteristics

Outstanding Achievement (4–5)

Learner’s Mark

GRADE 7−9 EMS

CAPS

ALIGNED

Global Competition Guide Welcome to Entrepreneurship This project works to make information available to teachers, parents, learners and community members: so that future generations will be inspired to become successful entrepreneurs, critical consumers and community developers. Bright Media has developed quality resource materials and conducted training workshops for education’s District Subject Advisors and teachers within the Economic and Management Sciences (EMS) Teachers Resource

subject.

| Bags of Rubbish

ACTIVITY 3.2 information is, based on the your best guess based on what wrong answer. Fill in the details is no right or garbage. There your customer’s

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GEOGRAPHIC specific! live? Be very Where do they Entrepreneurial Process

Harvesting (do more of what works)

Age: Gender:

Resource plan (money, people, skill, helpers)

Race: Language at home: Generation:

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company

should follow these steps to create a business: Discovery: In this “ideas” stage, the entrepren and services, eur comes up looks for opportuni with ideas, solutions, ties, identifies 2. Business products the target market, plan: The full detailed etc. plan for the product to bring this to or service, the the people who ls users, the cost, use it and pay Family Size/Detai 3. Resource the process for it plan: The entrepren eur gets the money time and materials and also the people, to make the product or the tools, the Interests or Hobbies shoe parts, sewing CUSTOMER service i.e., to space, the ION ABOUT YOUR make shoes, machines, space you need shoemake OTHER INFORMAT 4. Managing to work, and so rs, the company: on The part of the To salaries, rent business focused Attributes Relating for space, transport on keeping work and delivery, marketing 5. Harvesting going: paying Geography: : Looking at costs and so on and profit coming change, or even in, checking what Lifestyle: what to stop, works and what and even restart new ideas and needs to or close down! Life stage: discovery. This starts the cycle again, with Personality: For more on business Identifying what process, see Entrepren your users or Attitudes: eurial Process: customers need 6+ Steps, 3+ Planning to Win Stages urce=2227 Values/Beliefs: Well done! You have chosen sson=garbology&reso challenges to /?topic=marketing&le what solve in the world academy.org/lessons your community thinks? Remember, these ACTIVITY and in your community. Source: https://ye service. You really But do you know 1.4 are the people need a shared who will buy your understanding product or use ofComplete the realthe your issues! Your brilliant idea following worksheet: won’t help if no-one wants to use successful business it,winning or can’t buy it! My is the market One of the key idea – ready (CUSTOMERS), community and for a global competitio elements of a or if you are a environment. n social entrepren z I want to be an entreprene eur, a fit to your ur, because

PSYCHOGRAPHICS throw away) (from what they Buying Behaviour

UNIT 3

Entrepreneurship

Global Competition

Guide

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Basic elements 12

of a business Entrepreneurs hip Global Competition

Guide

Market

Money

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*These days, it is not necessary to limit your internet and business to your social media immediate physical make it possible is a website and to reach customer area. The a way to transport s across the your products world. All you offices). For example, to your customer need www.tenstickers.co s (airlines, couriers products are .za may have and post often manufact a South African ured in European website address, Spain! Go global countries such but the in your business! as Belgium and then shipped from So how do you find out what your potential customers want? How can you delight your customer s? Entrepreneurship

Global Competition

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and develop world-changing solutions and innovations.

think is needed

Product

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Food for thought

in encouraging entrepreneurial skills in learners.

… (my motivation

ts of a busines

use of the Entrepreneurship Resource, a quality resource to assist you

Together we can change the world!

Entrepreneurship 7-9 EMS

Articles inside

Unit 2: Take the gap! Turning challenges into opportunities

Unit 4: Creative solutions

Unit 5: The people who change the world: Social entrepreneurship

Unit 3: Identifying what your users or customers need