Inner City Gazette

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Est 2009 Tel : 011 023-7588 / 011 402 - 1977 Inner-City Gazette

Fax: 086 609 8601

Issue 18 - 2019

Email : info@inner-city-gazette.co.za

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9 - 16 May 2019

Website : www.inner-city-gazette.com

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Inner City Gazette

Distributed free to households, churches, schools, clinics, government departments, police stations, libraries and businesses in Bellevue • Berea • Bertrams • Braamfontein • City and Suburban • City West • Crown Gardens • Doornfontein • Fairview • Fordsburg • Hillbrow • Jeppestown • Jules • Johannesburg Inner City • Kensington • Lorentzville • Malvern • Marshallstown • New Doornfontein • Newtown • North Doornfontein • Park Meadows • Rosettenville • Selby • Troyeville • Turffontein • Village Main and Yeoville

Late payments kill small businesses “Small businesses need predictable cash flow to gain traction, pay their employees, market their products and services, and invest in their businesses. One of the surest ways to disrupt it is to delay paying them for their services.

SBI director Bernard Swanepoel

Johannesburg - Late payments have been called the ‘assassin of small businesses’ and many big businesses are treating small businesses as a line of credit, according to executive director of the Small Business Institute (SBI) Bernard Swanepoel.

The survey by the SBI suggests that as many as 40 percent of late payments were being written off as bad debt by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and they received payments, on average 101 days after the 30-day target.

According to the latest available report by the Department of Small Business Development, released in September 2017, a total of 71 883 invoices to the value of R4.3 billion were unpaid by government departments and were older than 30 days.

Over 23 000 invoices were paid late by provincial government departments in

2016, totalling more than R2 billion.

“SMEs should consider claiming interest and debt recovery costs if another business is late paying for goods or a service,” suggests Swanepoel.

The Department of Trade and Industry reports that some 70% of SMEs fail within the first 2.5 years. A recent study from the Global Entrepreneurship Index suggests that only 15% of start-ups are successful.

“Small businesses need predictable cash flow to gain traction, pay their employees, market their products and services, and invest in their businesses.

One of the surest ways to disrupt it is to delay paying them for their services. We hear stories every day of SMEs having to close their doors because neither big business nor government pay invoices on time; and sometimes they do not get paid at all,” Swanepoel said.

The SBI recently sent a letter to each of the top 100 companies on the JSE, asking whether they are paying SMEs within 30 days from invoice.

Of those that replied, only one in 10 said they make that information public and only 25% reported a specific policy to pay SME suppliers in 30 days or less.

A handful said they pay SMEs within seven to 15 days.

The SBI recommends that big business, government and state-owned enterprises apply the new government definitions of what constitutes small, very small and medium enterprises to pay businesses falling into the first two categories within seven days, and medium-sized enterprises, depending on the invoice amount, in 30 days or fewer.

The SBI also urges government departments to simplify and standardise invoicing as part of this process. Fin24

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Inner-city Gazette

News

For further information contact Boston on 011 551 2000 Email: info@boston.co.za Visit www.boston.co.za, or Facebook

Dr Linda Meyer, Dean: Institutional Advancement at Boston City Campus & Business College unpacks concepts around the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and discusses strategies to keep relevant in the workplace during this rapidly transforming time of change.

1. What is the Fourth Industrial Revolution about?

The First Industrial Revolution used water and steam power to mechanize production. The Second used electric power to create mass production. The Third used electronics and information technology to automate production. Now a Fourth Industrial Revolution is building on the Third, the digital revolution that has been occurring since late into the last century. It is characterised by a fusion of technologies that is blurring the lines between the physical, digital, and biological spheres.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution is about digitisation becoming an integral part of our lives. This includes aspects such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, 3D printing, smart robotics, and the likes of driverless cars and the internet of things transforming futuristic concepts into current day realities.

2. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is going to prioritize new skills. Could you tell us more?

According to the World Economic Forum, the top 5 skills will be 1. Complex problem solving 2. Critical thinking 3. Creativity 4. People Management (see leadership below) 5. Coordinating with others These are skills that can be learned, but are not usually part of a degree or diploma in which learners will concentrate on work skills and academic content.

1. Complex problem solving One of the key ways of problem solving is to create a culture of continuous learning, opening the way to new paradigms and new information which can be used strategically.

2. Critical Thinking Machines are getting better at aspects of critical thinking, but humans

Dr Linda Meyer are still able to connect, interpret and imagine concepts in a world full of ambiguity and nuance. A lawyer can pinpoint the most successful way to win a case for a client, a marketer can understand the different messages that are needed to reach different markets.

3. Creativity Creativity requires a degree of intuitive randomness that cannot yet be imitated by AI. Creativity allows you to think out of the box, to create new business ideas, concepts and services, to approach customers. AI is clinical in its problem solving, relying on data and formulae. Creativity is central to today’s thriving economies. Through the Work Integrated Learnership at Boston, we expose our students to different work situations, ensuring that they are work ready beyond academic content.

What are some ways to update your skills to remain relevant in

this new work environment?

It is vitally important to equip yourself with soft skills, IT skills, flexibility, and the willingness to get involved outside of the scope of your job. Learn new ICT programmes such as Powerpoint or any new skills .

• Develop your soft skills. Do team building exercises whenever they are offered.

• Do team leader workshops and qualifications.

• Learn to mentor and coach new employees or school leavers.

• Develop your soft skills.

Ie: if you know understand and ‘feel ‘ the organisation, they will see you as an asset.

If you already have a qualification such as BCom, BA, Management, IT etc, then explore a postgraduate qualification which accommodates a broad spectrum of fields . Boston offers the Postgraduate Diploma in Management PG.Dip. (Management).

Management and industries are at a pivotal crossroads with the digitisation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) changing the way we do business. The Diploma has been carefully constructed to develop your critical and creative thinking – two critical competencies for effectively steering and managing business in the Fourth IR. 3. How can people future proof their jobs in the workplace?

Artificial intelligence is replacing jobs – you need to future proof your career. Equip yourself with a crucial leadership skillset to enable you to capitalise on business opportunities that will allow your company and employees to thrive in our rapidly changing world.

Call Boston, or schedule an appointment with a career advisor: 011 551 9000, email info@boston.co.za or visit www.boston.co.za

9 - 16 May 2019

Call to get vaccinated against flu The target groups include children between six to 49 months, pregnant women up to two weeks post-delivery, patients with any chronic conditions such as kidney, diabetes, lung and heart diseases, people living with HIV, patients with a compromised immune system and people older than 65 years Johannesburg - Health and Social Development MMC Dr Mpho Phalatse has called on residents to get vaccinated against getting infected with influenza.

The City of Joburg’s Health Department recently announced its plan to administer 20 000 flu vaccinations at its 79 clinics in the seven regions. “The free vaccination drive kicked off on 20 March and will run until most of the target groups are reached, and the allocated vacancies are finished,” Phalatse said.

She explained that the target groups include children between six to 49 months, pregnant women up to two weeks post-delivery, patients with any chronic conditions such as kidney, diabetes, lung and heart diseases, people living with HIV, patients with a compromised immune system and people older than 65 years. Flu, which is caused by the influenza virus, is transmitted from person-to-person through direct transmission, coughing and sneezing mucus directly into the eyes, nose or mouth of another person, Phalatse explained.

MMC Dr Mpho Phalatse Pic: Lucky Morajane

She added that flu can be transmitted through inhalation of aerosols produced by coughing and sneezing, as well as contaminated surfaces or hands.

“Typical symptoms of flu include sudden onset of fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, muscle or body aches, headache, fatigue and sometimes vomiting and diarrhoea which is more likely to children than adults. Influenza diseases can lead to complications such as pneumonia, myocarditis, neurological conditions and other bacterial infections,” she warned.

She also advised people to avoid the spread of flu. “Avoid close contact with people who are ill, cover your mouth and nose when sneezing, preferably using an elbow as tissues may spread the virus if not properly disposed of.”

Phalatse however said a flu vaccine does not guarantee protection against flu. “Some people who get vaccinated might still get sick because not all the strains are covered, and the vaccine takes two weeks to become effective,” she explained.

9 - 16 May 2019

Inner-city Gazette

News

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Waste pickers march for recognition The waste pickers demanded that the City stop any plans to hire private companies to recycle, stop closure of landfills, open recycling hubs, provide protective equipment and compensate waste pickers who help the City with the registration of waste pickers Zoë Postman

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bout 200 waste pickers marched from Mary Fitzgerald Square in Newtown to Pikitup and City of Joburg offices in Braamfontein last Thursday morning, demanding recognition.

The march was organised by the African Reclaimers Organisation (ARO), a group that was formed in 2017 to represent Johannesburg’s street and landfill waste pickers.

The waste pickers demanded that the City stop any plans to hire private companies to recycle, stop closure of landfills, open recycling

hubs, provide protective equipment and compensate waste pickers who help the City with the registration of waste pickers.

They also demanded that the City implement the Department of Environmental Affairs guidelines and the City’s framework policy for integration of waste pickers.

The protesters handed a memorandum of demands to Pikitup acting Managing Director Segala Malahlela. He promised to take time to understand their demands and respond with solutions.

Waste picker Steven Leeu said they had already created policies and

Some of the waste pickers during the march.

documents that would assist with integration of waste pickers. “But the problem is that Pikitup keeps bringing new management who do not know anything, and then we have to start from scratch and teach them about our demands,” he said.

When the protesters arrived at the City’s offices, the group expected Environment and Infrastructure Services MMC Nico de Jager to receive the memorandum but he had other commitments.

One of his representatives, Stephen Moore received and signed

the memorandum on his behalf.

Addressing the crowd outside the City’s offices Leeu said: “We are disappointed to hear that De Jager is not here to meet us today because every time we try to meet with him, he has an excuse yet he goes on public platforms and says he is trying to engage with waste pickers.”

Chairperson of ARO, Eva Mokoena, said the march followed two years of fruitless engagement with Pikitup and the City.

She reiterated that waste pickers, the City and Pikitup had drafted a

Pic: Zoe Postman

framework policy that would assist with integration of waste pickers into the City’s waste management system in 2017. She said the document was supposed to be signed in 2018 but that never happened.

“We marched here today to remind the City and Pikitup that they promised to implement those demands in the framework document but they have failed to do so until now,” Mokoena said.

Both Moore and Malahlela promised to respond to the demands within two weeks. GroundUp

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Inner-city Gazette

News

9 - 16 May 2019

Wanted suspects among 900 held Staff Reporter

Part of the freeway that is closed to traffic.

A security guard keeps watch

Freeway traffic gridlock - banks step up security Roxanne Henderson

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epair work on one of Johannesburg’s major highways has had an unexpected impact on SA’s major banks, who are stepping up security after the closure of parts of the M2 freeway diverted traffic through the CBD. To combat criminals taking advantage of the gridlock, businesses are meeting weekly with city officials and metropolitan police who direct traffic and monitor crime hotspots.

Undercover police officers are also keeping watch, while the likes of Absa and First National Bank provide shuttle services for their staff members, let employees work from home, come in during off-peak times or use satellite offices.

“Our ops centre reports regularly on the situation just to check it’s business as usual,” Absa’s acting chief executive officer, Rene van Wyk, said.

When the lender put more security in place, perpetrators would move further along, looking for weak spots, he said.

Guards armed with two-way radios and nightsticks now dot street corners and bridge crossings as far as three kilometres away from where the highway runs just south of the city centre.

“Unfortunately, now and then, there are incidents of crime which our staff are not immune against,” said FNB CEO Jacques Celliers, whose firm has about 12 000 staff at its Bank City headquarters. “We

have approximately 100 guards around our campus, and also partner with authorities to improve general safety, especially when there’s traffic congestion.”

The banks are among a handful of companies like AngloGold Ashanti to have stayed in the CBD. Other corporations have moved north to plush buildings in suburbs like Sandton, known as Africa’s richest square mile, Illovo or Midrand.

“Being in Joburg CBD keeps us in close proximity to matters that the general public is passionate and concerned about,” said Celliers.

“It’s not unbearable.”

Crime is down to levels lower than before the highway was closed at the end of February because of the increased policing and im-

proved traffic flow, said Johannesburg Metropolitan Police Department spokesman Wayne Minnaar.

The South African Police Service declined to provide the latest statistics for the precinct.

The work is expected to be completed in October, the Johannesburg Roads Agency’s Siyabonga Genu has said.

City officials and businesses are also looking into the use of drones to police the areas as a longer-term solution, Absa spokesman Songezo Zibi said.

“Since stepping up our safety measures, we have seen a big decline in the number of incidents of crime from several a week to only isolated ones now. Things have settled down,” he said Bloomberg

Last weekend police arrested more than 900 people for various crimes and many featured on the police’s wanted list, according to police spokesperson Captain Mavela Masondo.

He said the people were arrested for several crimes, including murder, armed robbery, hijacking, business robbery and house robbery.

“Police also seized 22 unlicensed firearms and ammunition, believed to have been used in committing serious and violent crimes. These recoveries and arrests underpin the police’s quest to seize firearms that are in the hands of the criminals and apprehend suspects. A majority of these suspects are repeat offenders and they have been on the police’s wanted list of suspects,” Masondo said.

He added that in Joburg police arrested more than 200 suspects for crimes that include rape, fraud, murder, armed robbery and house robbery. “In Tshwane and Ekurhuleni, more than 420 suspects were arrested following Crime Intelligence operations that included roadblocks, the tracing of wanted suspects and raiding of illegal liquor outlets. Police also arrested more than 310 suspects in Soweto and on the West Rand for assault, possession of drugs, and possession of an unlicensed firearm and ammunition.”

He added that in Johannesburg police also intercepted an armed gang believed to be on their way to commit a robbery.

“Police were patrolling when they noticed a car with five men that looked suspicious. Upon searching the suspects and the car, police found five pistols and arrested all the occupants for possession of unlicensed firearms and ammunition.”

9 - 16 May 2019

Inner-city Gazette

News

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Two arrested for stealing 14 Pikitup dustbins MMC Nico de Jager

The 14 skip bins that have been found were worth over R200 000

Johannesburg - On Tuesday two men were arrested for allegedly stealing four skip bins belonging to Pikitup, according to the City’s waste management entity.

Environment and Infrastructure Services MMC Nico de Jager said that following the arrest of a second suspect, 10 more skip bins were discovered in his yard.

He added that the 14 skip bins that have been found were worth over R200 000.

Pikitup’s range of skip bins varies in sizes, from 5m to 18 m, to suit different commercial and industrial waste requirements.

De Jager said a Pikitup employee managed to stop the theft of these skip bins in the Joburg CBD after stopping a truck that was loading

them. “The employee asked why the truck was loading Pikitup’s skip bins since only trucks belonging to Pikitup are permitted to load the skips bins. According to the employee, the driver of the truck said he was given permission by Pikitup to collect the skip bins for disposal purposes,” de Jager said.

He said however the letter of authority the truck driver produced was written in a fake Pikitup letterhead, and the contact details used in the letter were not that of the waste management company.

“The fake letter also stated that an employee of Pikitup authorised the disposal of the skip bins. They were found to have used a Pikitup employees’ details fraudulently.”

Part of the march by the Joshco tenants

Tenants demand flat ownership Johannesburg - Residents of Johannesburg Social Housing Company (Joshco) buildings recently marched to the Gauteng government to hand over their list of demands, which included ownership of the flats in which they live.

The marchers, mostly tenants from the Joshco owned buildings that include Jabulani, Fluerhorf, Klip-

town, Alexandra and Florida said they would stop paying rent because it is too expensive for them.

Their spokesperson Doctor Motsoeneng said they have tried to have a meeting with Joshco management to ask them to consider their problem with paying rent, and also negotiate ownership of the accommodation units, without success.

“Unemployment is one major reason for us demanding title deeds because the government has failed to provide us with proper houses like RDPs, and we cannot afford bond houses. Rent is expensive, they claim this is social housing but they collect a huge amount of rent money from the unemployed tenants,” Motsoeneng said.

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Inner-city Gazette

9 - 16 May 2019

9 - 16 May 2019

Inner-city Gazette

The Arts

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Sarafina! musical for Joburg Theatre The powerhouse musical took Broadway by storm in January 1988 during Black History Month culminating in a two-year run on Broadway in Manhattan, New York City; and a five-year tour of the United States.

Concurrently a second cast of Sarafina! premiered in 1988, and went on to tour the world for four years Ntombi Mashaba

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oburg Theatre in partnership with Keeloz Global Entertainment will be re-staging the internationally acclaimed Broadway hit musical Sarafina! from 19 July to 11 August 2019 at the Joburg Theatre’s Mandela Stage.

The production is directed by Nhlanhla Ngema, starring Noxolo Dlamini as Sarafina.

One of South Africa’s most iconic symbols of the struggle for social and political freedom and justice, Sarafina! was conceived by Dr Mbongeni Ngema, who wrote and arranged the music and lyrics with additional songs by Hugh Masekela. As part of the succession plan, Dr Ngema has awarded the rights to produce Sarafina! to his younger brother Nhlanhla Ngema.

Nhlanhla Ngema starred as Stimela SaseZola in the original theatre production of Sarafina! as well as the movie version. He has held prin-

cipal roles in other Ngema productions including Magic at 4am, The Best of Mbongeni Ngema, House of Shaka, Asinamali, among others.

In 1997, Nhlanhla was among the few South Africans who were cast in Disney’s original Broadway production of The Lion King in New York, where he was one of the lead singers. He has been an Assistant Director for various productions, including Duma Ndlovu’s Bergville Stories, Mbongeni Ngema’s The Lion of the East and the Playhouse Theatre’s 2010 World Cup production Ingqayi -Ingqayi.

In 2002 while in the United State he directed Woza Albert! at the La Mamma Theatre in New York. He was most recently the Assistant Director on the productions of Sarafina! that played at the State Theatre and Joburg Theatre in 2017 and 2018 respectively.

Sarafina! through story, song and dance, follows the activities of a fictional class at Morris Isaacson High

School against the backdrop of students in 1976 revolting against Afrikaans being used as a medium of instruction. The musical deals with the radicalisation of a school girl, Sarafina, who becomes embroiled in the riots and is tortured by the police. She inspires her classmates with her commitment to the struggle against apartheid.

In the musical’s explosive finale the students present a play about the symbolic Day of Liberation they all dream of; when their hero, Nelson Mandela is released after decades in prison.

“It is befitting that South Africa’s most successful theatrical export return to the Mandela Stage for a second season at Joburg Theatre; to give both veterans and new theatre goers an unforgettable experience of this rich musical legacy. This world class production is capable of re-igniting the belief within young people to overcome whatever challenges their generation has to con-

tend with,” says Makhaola Ndebele, Artistic Director at Joburg City Theatres.

The powerhouse musical took Broadway by storm in January 1988 during Black History Month culminating in a two-year run on Broadway in Manhattan, New York City; and a five-year tour of the United States. Concurrently a second cast of Sarafina! premiered in 1988, and went on to tour the world for four years.

Sarafina! was later converted into a Hollywood Feature Film starring Whoopie Goldberg, Leleti Khumalo, Dr Mbongeni Ngema, Dr John Kani, and Dr Mirriam Makeba; with the sound track produced

by Dr Mbongeni Ngema and Quincy Jones. This captured the imagination of the world and engraved Sarafina! as a symbol of African triumph and hope across the world.

The play was nominated for five Tony Awards: Best Musical, Best Original Score, Best Choreography,

Sarafina! director Nhlanhla Ngema

Best Actress in a Featured Role in a Musical and Best Direction of a Musical. It was later nominated for the Grammy Awards; and also won 11 NAACP Image Awards in Beverley Hills. NAACP is an organisation based in the United States of America and with its full name being the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People.

For more visit www.joburgtheatre. com or call Tel no: 0861 670 670.

Evolution of kwaito greats

‘You look at songs like Omunye, and those are the catch-phrases of kwaito. Amapiano uses the kwaito bass-lines and lyric. Kwaito has developed a lot of art form in terms of the youth culture and became a pride of the country’ Emmanuel Tjiya

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Music producer Oskido

he Kalawa Jazmee record label has yielded SA’s biggest music names such as Boom Shaka, Bongo Maffin, Mafikizolo and DJ Black Coffee.

Record boss Oscar “Oskido” Mdlongwa said when Kalawa Jazmee Records was established in 1994, he and co-founders Don Laka, Mandla “Spikiri” Mofokeng, Emmanuel “Mjokes” Matsane, Zynne “Mahoota” Sibika and Bruce “Dope” Sebitlo never imagined they would end up in history records.

A year before, Oskido, Laka and DJ Christos Katsaitis had formed Kalawa. But after parting ways with DJ Christos, the remaining two joined forces with Trompies’ Jazmee Records and Kalawa Jazmee Records was born.

Oskido said Kalawa Jazmee has been part of the pioneers of kwaito ever since they had a change from the bubblegum era.

“It happened around the death of the apartheid era. We decided to start creating our own music and start owning our own businesses in the industry. So when we started and merged, we had Boom Shaka, Trompies, BOP and Bongo Maffin. Little did we know what we were creating would be something that was celebrated in our country and worldwide,” Oskido explained.

Oskido said although over the years they produced a legion of superstars, they never had a formula. “Each name had its own era; from Boom Shaka to Bongo Maffin to Zonke Dikana. We created stars. For example, look at someone like Busiswa, who is the biggest star right now. When she started she was doing poetry and we put her in the studio with DJ Zinhle. Every story is different and special.”

Oskido holds that Kalawa Jazmee’s biggest accomplishment has been seeing close collaborators such as DJ Tira and DJ Black Coffee go on to have their record labels. He said they paid it forward by creating and empowering others.

“From just signing artists we moved on to being able to license, giving guys like DJ Black Coffee a platform. The first three albums from Soulistic Music were under Kalawa. We also helped guys like DJ Tira to start his own record label Afrotainment. After the Afro-pop era that was synonymous with Mafikizolo, we started signing young people like Black Motion, Dr Malinga and DJ Maphorisa.

That’s how we evolved over the years.”

Oskido revealed that as Kalawa Jazmee celebrates 25 years, the stable is facing its biggest challenge, surviving the everchanging digital era. They are

now back to the drawing board, plotting their next move.

“People are consuming music differently and they are not buying as they used to. It has affected us and our income.”

Oskido said kwaito will never die. “If you can look at what’s popular now like gqom, for me that’s kwaito. It’s going back to where kwaito started with only one word where Mdu Masilela will be like ‘tsiki tsiki yo’, and it becomes a song. You look at songs like Omunye, and those are the catch-phrases of kwaito. Amapiano uses the kwaito bass-lines and lyric.

Kwaito has developed a lot of art form in terms of the youth culture and became a pride of the country. When you went overseas there wasn’t anything like that.

It put the country on the map in terms of creativity. Americans have hip-hop, we have kwaito,” said Oskido.

A TV series by film-

maker Vincent Moloi to tell the story of Kalawa Jazmee is currently in early stages. Sowetan

IOC chief ‘sympathises’ with Semenya Sports Reporter

O Athlete Caster Semenya

n Saturday International Olympic Committee (IOC) president Thomas Bach said he sympathises with athlete Caster Semenya, following a Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) ruling that may end her career.

On Monday IOC chief Bach called the controversial gender case of Semenya “extremely complicated and delicate” and said an expert panel will study its implications.

Two-time Olympic champion Semenya last week lost a court challenge against the International Association

of Athletic Federations (IAAF) over plans to force some women to regulate their testosterone levels. The decision by the Court of Arbitration for Sport means female athletes with elevated testosterone will have to take suppressive treatment if they wish to compete as women in certain events.

The IAAF argued that “hyperandrogenic” athletes, or those with “differences of sexual development” (DSD) had unfair advantage over others.

Bach said the IOC would create a group of “experts from science, from ethics as well as athletes’ representatives and from international federations” to examine the ruling.

It will include IOC medical director Richard Budgett and an IAAF official who will “study this extremely complicated and delicate problem”.

“This is a case that should be taken up with the international federations, it’s their rules that are involved, their technical regula-

tions,” he said, adding that he had “no idea” when the group would reach any conclusions.

The World Medical Association has urged doctors not to enforce the controversial rules for classifying female athletes, warning that attempts to do so would breach ethics codes.

The DSD rules - first adopted last year but suspended pending the legal battle, are due into effect on May 8.

Semenya is mulling an appeal.

World Medical Association chairman Frank Montgomery advised doctors to play no part in enforcing the rules. “We do think it is extremely serious if international sports regulations demand physicians to prescribe hormonally active medication for athletes in order to reduce normal conditions in their body,” he said.

In a 2-1 decision, CAS judges dismissed Semenya’s appeal against the measures targeting “hyperandrogenic” athletes or those with “differences of sexual development” (DSD).

They said though the rules were discriminatory, such discrimination is ‘a necessary and proportionate means of achieving the IAAF’s aim of preserving the integrity of female athletics in the Restricted Events’.

Montgomery said for women with DSD ‘it is just normal to be androgenic and there is nothing pathological about the situation of this athlete’.

“No physician can be forced to administer these drugs, and we definitely urge our colleagues to refrain from giving hormonally active medication to athletes simply because some regulations demand it. If physicians do apply these drugs they do break ethical codes. The basic ethical code of all medical practice is never do harm, and it is doing harm to a perfectly normal body with just a rather high level of testosterone by administering drugs to make them eligible for women’s sport.”

Montgomery added that next would be that basketball players who are taller than 2.25 metres should reduce their height because they have an advantage over other players who are somewhat shorter.