MEMORY TECHNIQUES Learning to Learn What does the Science of Learning tell us about how we can work smarter?
You might be surprised to learn that some of the most popular techniques for learning are not very effective, according to numerous studies. In “Strengthening the Student Toolbox: study strategies to Boost learning” (Dunlosky, 2013) researchers reviewed the claims backing up several different learning methods. Their conclusions point out that many common methods students use like re-reading, highlighting and underlining and summarisation are not very effective. They are notable in how they may give you a feeling of mastery and learning but don’t provide proper feedback to show what you haven’t actually learned, and are not effective for retention. In contrast, here are two strategies that research tells us are among the most effective for learning: Retrieval Practice and Spaced Practice.
Retrieval Practice Retrieval practice means trying to recall material you have learned, as opposed to re-reading it.
“Retrieval practice is the act of bringing something to mind that you learned before. The act of retrieval itself strengthens the memory, making information more retrievable later.”
How could you do this with your revision?
1. FLASHCARDS “Students should be encouraged to take notes in a manner that will foster practice tests. For instance, as they read a chapter in their textbook, they should be encouraged to make flashcards, with the key term on one side and the correct answer on the other” (“Strengthening the Student Toolbox: study strategies to Boost learning”)
Making your own flashcards, which you then use to test yourself with, is a great way to help you learn.
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