PORTFOLIO
Works of
INESSA FARHANA JAMIL
2015 2017 Master of Architecture
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam
2
Copyright Š 2017 by Inessa Farhana Jamil All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review.
WORKS OF 2015 - 2017
PAGE
6-33
LIVE ENTERTAINMENT MUSIC COMPLEX, MIRI, SARAWAK (FINAL YEAR THESIS, 2017)
34-55
YAMAHA PENANG HEADQUARTERS (HIGH RISE STUDIO, 2016)
56-88
ART & CULTURE NICHE, GEORGETOWN, PENANG (URBAN DESIGN STUDIO, 2015)
COMPETITION ENTRIES
89-97
SYNAPSE DISTRICT, BOLOGNA, ITALY 2015
97-115
PIN UP! SOCIETY, GEORGETOWN, PENANG 2016 3
Hi, my name is
INESSA FARHANA JAMIL +60 13 332 8506 innes.hana@gmail.com facebook.com/innes.hana linkedin.com/in/inneshana Lot 7660, Marigold, Lorong 3-1, Desa Indah, Bandar Baru Permyjaya, Tudan, 98007 Miri, Sarawak.
I am just finished my Master in Architecture at my alma mater, Universiti Teknologi MARA Puncak Alam. An open minded and a curious person. I have a keen interest on Heritage Conservation and Architectural Acoustics. Throughout the years in architecture world, I am looking forward to gain more experiences and improves myself in design and technical knowledges through real-job atmosphere. I am planning to continue to take LAM Part 3 and become an architect in my future to come.
4
Education
Software Skills
20152017
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor Master in Architecture (LAM Part 2 / RIBA Part 2 / CGPA: 3.27 )
20102014
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Bachelor of Science in Architecture (LAM Part 1 / RIBA Part 1 / CGPA: 3.02)
20052009
SMK Merbau Miri (Secondary School)
19992004
SK Pujut Corner (Primary School)
Microsoft Office Adobe Photoshop AutoCAD Lumion Sketchup Adobe InDesign ArchiCAD Adobe Illustrator Vray Revit 3DS Max
Other Skills Work Experiences 1 Year
Jeffery Phang Architect, Miri Position: Assistant Architect [ September 2014 - September 2015]
1 .5Month
John Lau Architect, Miri Position: Intern [July 2013-August 2013]
Sketching Manual drafting Photography Model Making Photomanipulation Animation
Language Proficiency Achievements Latitudes 2016 Sustainable Competition Bologna Brief (Participation Entry)
Melayu Sarawak
Native
Bahasa Malaysia English Japanese
MSSA YouDo Challenge Competition Group Pinup Society Entry (Semi-Finalist) IIDEX 2016 Competition Department Level Group Pinup Society (Silver Award)
References
IIDEX 2017 Competition Faculty Level Group Pinup Society (Participation Entry)
Ar. Mohd Aljeffri Hussin Supervisor, UiTM Puncak Alam Tel no: +60 17 239 9930
LaFarge 2017 Competition Group Pinup Society (Participation Entry)
Assoc. Prof. Ar. Faridah Adnan Studio Master, UiTM Puncak Alam Tel no: +60 19 220 3095
ArchiTalent 2017 PAM Competition Group Pinup Society (Participition Entry)
Ar. Jeffery Phang Siaw Foong Principal, Jeffery Phang Architect Tel no: +60 13 837 1810
5
MusE PROPOSED
LIVE MUSIC ENTERTAINMENT COMPLEX
AT MIRI CITY FAN PHASE 4 DEVELOPMENT FOR SARAWAK TOURISM BOARD.
6
PROJECT BRIEF At the heart of every great town or city there is a great leisure and entertainment economy. Entertainment and leisure can be more than a mere diversion. It is something that is universally interesting and appealing because, when it does what it is intended to do, it moves us emotionally. In other words, it moves our soul. Being a local of a town or city or a place, our life are full of constraints, disciplines, responsibilities and chores. These are also known as routines. Routines, generally, are boring and sometimes disagreeable. Entertainment and leisure, in contrast, encompasses activities that people enjoy and look forward to doing, hearing and seeing. Most importantly, entertainment and leisure are where, after the stresses of doing our daily routines, we need to meet, eat, socialize, drink, dance, learn, laugh, fall in love, celebrate and behave as we were born to behave as social animals. Malaysia is not excluded from this situation. Malaysia have put tourism as one of the primary source of the national economy. Tourism is one of the leisure and entertainment economy. In 2015, tourists arrivals to Malaysia have achieve 25.7 million arrivals and RM69.1billion of tourist’s receipts. One of the famous tourism products that attracts visitors to Malaysia is its leisure and entertainment product such as events and festivals, and also as a shopping and nightlife hub. In this proposal we are enhancing the leisure and entertainment venues where the leisure and entertainment quality could be enhanced in order to upgrade to the better quality of life.
7
what
where
Jalan Merpati, Miri, Sarawak.
why
In order to counter the issues of the lack of proper event venue in Miri City.
who
Involves several parties as partners, performers, local figures and tourists and potential for investors to invest in their brands to these subjects.
how
8
A complex that comprises of a public concert area, concert hall, music production studios and support spaces for pre and post event.
By proposing an event venue that able to become a central point for social interaction by integration of architectural design principles and programs.
THESIS STATEMENT “To propose an entertainment complex that promotes social intervention amongst public and visitors by providing an impactful entertainment experience through organising the event venues and exploration of spaces that encourage social interaction.�
AIM & OBJECTIVES The aim of this project is to provide a central event venue where it can become the place for a meeting point and social intervention amongst the locals, visitors, and performers. To explore the design and sustainable approach which is to blend in the building and the development with the surrounding site context.
objectives
To design an event venue with high value of entertainment, while encouraging healthy social interactions. To study and explore the activities, programmes, and spaces suitable for the event venues to design a successful entertainment complex.
DILEMMAS & POTENTIAL
9
Lot No: 688 Site Area: Approx. 3.6 Acres Location: Jalan Permaisuri, Bandaraya Miri, 98000 Miri, Sarawak. Coordinate: 4°24’14.0”N 113°59’29.2”E District: Miri District Division: Miri Division Land Owner: The State Classification of Land: Mixed Zone Land Category of Land: State Land Plot Ratio: 1:4 Width: 100 M Setback: 6 M on All Sides (Consideration of Urban Area) Land Value: Land Form: The site is a state land. The site is an island site, surrounded by main road used by the locals to get by. The site sit on generally a flat area. In the site, there are old government quarter’s apartment buildings that soon will be demolished for future development. This site is separated from the school by a storm water drainage perpendicular to the road. 10
green area
public realms
pedestrians circulation
vehicular circulation
sunpath orientation
water bodies & drains
existing infrastructures
annual windpath
11
A
B
C
D
12
View from point A
View from point B
View from point C
View from point D
13
SITE PLANNING
14
15
KEY PLAN
LOCATION 16
PLAN
SITE PLAN 17
DESIGN CONCEPT The proposed Miri City Entertainment Complex is a public building where entertainment-related activities & events are being held. This Entertainment Complex will be a centre that are able to become a central event venue as well as providing public to enjoy a new event venue typology. Thus an entertainment complex should be well integrated to allow a certain level of flexibility and complexity in order for it to allow the integration with other programmes.
workshop.entertainment.social PARAMETERS
Site analysis
Client objectives
Thesis statement
Design theory
Supporting research element
Precedent studies
“...city as an urban theatre...” what is a ‘CITY’? According to Merriam-Webster, the definition of a city is; a place where people live that is larger or more important than a town : an area where many people live and work. Philosophically, a CITY is from the means of
Social division of labor, which serves not merely the economic life but the cultural process.
Fixed site, the durable shelter, the permanent facilities for assembly, interchange and storage.
In a city, a human’s more purposive activities are focused and work out, through conflicting and cooperating personality, events, groups into more significant culmination.
18
Distinctive characteristics of a theatre:
centre focus
surrounding
performer
audience
There are also various types of configurations, such as:
But the characteristics remains the same;
Centre focus and the surrounding.
19
DESIGN PRINCIPLES FLEXIBILITY (space programmes) This intention is to introduce public about the flexibility of the event arena. Stage are able to transform into 8 basic stage configurations without relying on extra operational cost. This allows possibilities and flexibilities for one space to have several functions instead of extruding several spaces that only have one functions. This also allows the building to becomes a node of the street and increase street vibrancy to its finest.
PERMEABILITY (space planning) This intention is to demolish the design cliche of a performance typology where public HAVE to go through the lobby or prefunction area. The idea is to enable all access from all over the spaces. This is because the public often hesitating whether to enter an event without knowing what the event actually like. By injecting theory of permeability into the design, it encourage the idea of a public, passing by an they can see an event is happening. This triggered the sense of curiosity of a person to enter the event area freely.
20
CONNECTIBILITY (space planning) This intention is to enable the connectivity of the site to the building. Eventhough the building is erected, the public still can access the surrounding context from the building itself, anf from the surrounding context to the building by the means of pedestrian circulation.
21
22
NORTH
GROUND FLOOR FLOOR PLAN PUBLIC & RETAILS
23
NORTH
PARKING CALCULATIONS FOR PROPOSED MIRI CITY ENTERTAINMENT COMPLEX (MI-PLEX) Category
BASEMENT FLOOR FLOOR PLAN
Entertainment
Spaces Concert hall (390 pax) Jamming Studio
Total
Commercials
Total
1600
1 C/P per 20 m2 net floor area
Parking Provided
Motorcycle Parking 1 M/P per 100 m2 1 M/P per 50 m2
315
Motorcycle Parking 18
80
32
125
50
31.5
6.3
60
12
25
5
600 250
Lounge
250
25
5
1415
141.5
28.3
1 C/P per 10 m2
1 M/P per 50 m2
Seminar Room
360
7.2
1.8
Tenants' Office
176
3.52
0.88
0.64
0.16
Administration Office
32
Staff Room
120
2.4
0.6
Information Desk
20
0.4
0.1
Meeting Room
120
2.4
0.6
828
16.56
4.14
Overall Total Parking Provided
24 CROSS SECTION OF SITE
45
Multipurpose Room
1 C/P per 50 m2
1 M/P per 200 m2
4
212
62
OKU Parking Bays (2%)
Car Parking Bays
Motorcycle Parking Bays
25% is taken from surrounding public parking
25% is taken from surrounding public parking
220
64
Overall Total Parking Required
LONGITUDINAL SECTION OF SITE
Car Parking
Bar / Restaurant
Total
Office
900
Parking Requirements Car Parking
2500 Rehearsal Studio
PARKING AREA
Total Area (sq.m)
4
NORTH
1ST FLOOR FLOOR PLAN RETAILS & EXHIBITION
NORTH
2ND FLOOR FLOOR PLAN MUSIC PRODUCTION & DISCOTHEQUE
25
RIGHT ELEVATION 26
FRONT ELEVATION
REAR ELEVATION
LEFT ELEVATION 27
Top of Roof Beam Lvl 2nd Floor Lvl
ADMIN OFFICE
DISCOTHEQUE TEMPORARY EXHIBITION AREA
1st Floor Lvl STAGE CENTRAL PLAZA (OPEN CONCERT AREA)
Ground Floor Lvl
BASEMENT PARKING AREA
Basement Floor Lvl
Top of Roof Beam Lvl DISCOTHEQUE
2nd Floor Lvl
EXHIBITION AREA 1st Floor Lvl
C ( Ground Floor Lvl Basement Floor Lvl
28
DROPOFF
BASEMENT PA
CAFETARIA TEMPORARY EXHIBITION AREA
CENTRAL PLAZA (OPEN CONCERT AREA)
WEST PLAZA BASEMENT PARKING AREA
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
MUSIC PRODUCTION STUDIO RETAIL SPACE
SERVICES
SERVICES ROAD
ARKING AREA
CROSS-SECTION
29
STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Live Music Entertainment Complex is design with the combination of long span steel constructions. Space frame construction is used in the roof structure, as the roof structure is complex and fragmented. Steel is used for the structure of the building, with added diagonal bracing for lateral stability. The structure of the building is erected with circular concrete columns resembling the function of pilotis, and V-column to support cantilevered frontage of the building. The whole structural system of the building is designed according to 8.4m x 8.4m grid.
LOAD DISTRIBUTION gravity load
dead load
30
dead load
Exploded diagram of structural system
VMzinc roof facade Roof structure
Ceiling structure 2nd floor slab 2nd floor facade
2nd floor structure
LED facade
2nd floor structure
wind load
LEGEND
gravity load
wind load
dead load
compression
tension
1st floor structure
450x450mm steel tube column 1200x800mm V-raking concrete column
300mm width retaining wall
450x450mm steel tube column Basement to Gd.Floor fire staircase
31
SPECIAL STUDY ACOUSTICS DESIGN OF CONCERT HALL SOUNDPROOF PANEL SOUND ATTENUATING WALL Certain areas in this complex is covered with sound attenuating walls, where the spaces are involving different acoutic condition from other spaces. Acoustic fiber panel
Normal concrete wall This acts as a dampening core to prevent sound frequencies vibrating from on pane of wall to another.
SPACE TRUSS ROOF STRUCTURE The roof structure is sloping downwards and long span, hence the structure is designed by using space truss to hold long span structure. MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL PARTS Air cond ducting, water sprinkler system, electrical system are all installed above the ceiling panel to hide it from the public eye. This area can be accessed from the catwalk for periodical maintenance ACOUSTIC CEILING PANEL Designed based on the principle of the movement of sound. Sound moves in straight line and reflected 90 degrees from the source of the sound. Then, the panels are arranged not parallelly to ensure the sound is received by the audience even from the back. The panels are hold by the space truss structure by metal rod.
sound reflected by ceiling
SOUND SOURCE sound reflected by wall
32
ACOUSTICS BASICS
catwalk
cloud panel
ACOUSTIC ‘CLOUD’ A panel installed in the ceiling in the hall. This is to reduce echo produce by the big volume in the hall. It is also to make the sound feel ‘warm’ and intimate to the audience. The panel can also be a reflector for the sound, depending on the material of the panel. Catwalk can be accessed from control room at the 2nd floor of concert hall, the function is to do maintenance of the hall periodically.
ABSORPTION Sound is energy. To stop this energy from spreading, absorptive panels convert energy through heat and frictions. The absorption coefficient of a product will determine the level & quality of the absorption. Absorption can be applied to fixed wall or ceiling elements. ATTENUATION Vertical elements are used to block the sound transfer in between different spaces, “dampening” the sound. This can be include the use of sound blocks, vertical ceiling panels, room dividers, or desk screens. Attenuation or sound dampening can help to improve speech clarity. DIFFUSION Sounds that cannot be absorbed through acoustics treatments is scattered evenly back into the room. This spreads the sound more evenly, and maintains a live, vivid sound. Diffusion can be achieved by alternating different depths of absorptive materials and 3D shapes.
ACOUSTIC DIFFUSER AT THE STAGE
Installed at the concert stage. To avoid masked sound at the stage. Uneven sound makes the sound diffuse to all different sides.
33
34
A PROPOSED PROJECT BY INESSA FARHANA BINTI JAMIL
YAMAHA PENANG MATRIC NO: 2015403656
TUTORS: ASSOC. PROF. JOSMIN YAHYA (SL), AR ERDAYU OS’HARA OMAR (CO-SL), AR HARIZAN KAMIS
35
MACRO SITE ANALYSIS George Town is the capital state of Penang, Malaysia. It is located on the Penang Island under the northeast district. In 2008, George Town, Penang along with Malacca has been inscribed by the UNESCO as World Heritage Site (WHS). Both cities, situated along the Malacca Straits have been developed from more than 500 years ago as trading settlements. These trading exchanges were the roots for the cultural exchanges between east and west as we seen today. Fast forward to the present days, George Town is renowned for its multicultural characteristic of English and Chinese influences which still remain in the architectural form, festivals and the distinct historic ambience, be it tangible or intangible culture with the addition of its fascinating fusion of eastern and western influences. These unique attractions are what incite the tourist, both local and international to come.
George Town Primary road
Overall road network
Pedestrian walkway
Bus routes
Bicycle lanes
Commercial Residential SOHO Headquarters Research & Development Commercial Headquarters Commercial Art & Culture Hub Education Hotel Leisure
36Green & public space
Masterplan zones
External access
Site lots
MICRO SITE ANALYSIS
15m
Zone 2
Site 18
Jala
aga
zine
12m
Leb
uh
6m
12m
Jalan Gu rdwara
nM
Road reserve
6m
Noo
rdin
Existing road
Buildable area
Sun path
N Q
2.4 acres 9,712 sq.m
Site area
North point & Qiblat
Proposed green area
N NW
NE
W
E
SW
SE S
Wind path
37
JALAN
GURDW
ARA
JA
LE
38
BU
H
NO
OR
DI
N
LA
N
MA
GA
ZI
NE
PROPOSED SITE GEORGE TOWN, PENANG
E NORTH
an
Jala nP ena n
Jal
g
KEY PLAN Ma ca
list er
KOMTAR
Jal
Ma
gaz
ine
Jalan Gurdwar
a
an
NORTH
Leb u
Perangin Mall
hN
oor din
LOCATION PLAN Jal
an
Jalan Gurdwar
a
15m
Leb u
roa d
Ma ga
zin
e
res e
rve
hN
oor din
NORTH
SITE PLAN
NORTH
GROUND FLOOR FLOOR PLAN SHOWROOM & RETAIL 39
NORTH
1ST FLOOR PLAN YAMAHA MUSIC SCHOOL
NORTH
3RD FLOOR PLAN 40CAFETARIA, NURSERY & FITNESS CENTRE
NORTH
2ND FLOOR PLAN YAMAHA HALL & CENTRE
NORTH
4TH FLOOR PLAN ROOFTOP GARDEN
41
NORTH
15TH FLOOR FLOOR PLAN SERVICE FLOOR
NORTH
16TH FLOOR FLOOR PLAN ZONE TRANSFER & OFFICE
NORTH
18TH FLOOR FLOOR PLAN HIGH ZONE OFFICE
NORTH
LIFT MOTOR ROOM FLOOR PLAN SERVICE FLOOR (ROOFTOP)
42
NORTH
BASEMENT 1 FLOOR PLAN CAR PARKING AREA
NORTH
BASEMENT 2 FLOOR PLAN CAR PARKING AREA 43
CORE DESIGN LEGEND 1. Fire Lobby 2. Fire staircase 3. Fire lift 4. Service Lift 5. Lift lobby 6. AHU room 7. MDF 8. TELCO 9. CW/SD 10. HR/WR 11. ER 12. ELV 13. FAD 14. BAS 15. Toilet 16. Disabled Toilet 17. Pressurised Shaft 18. Lift Motor Room / Utility
1 10
17
2
3
17 10
6 5
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
5
15 16 15
4
GROUND - 16TH FLOOR (LOW ZONE)
16TH - 25TH FLOOR (HIGH ZONE)
44
2
SOUTH ELEVATION
EAST ELEVATION
1 10
17
17
3
2
2
6 5
7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14
5
18
4
BASEMENT 1-2
10
17
10
5
5
2 BASEMENT 1 1-2
17
WEST ELEVATION
17
2 1ST - 4TH FLOOR 1 17
NORTH ELEVATION
45
SUSTAINABLE FEATURES
LEGEND Energy Efficiency Environmental Quality Sustainable Site Planning & Management Materials & Resources Water Efficiency Innovation 1
GBI-EE-EFFICIENT LIGHTING Lighting fitting uses 15T bulbs & LED lighting.
2
GBI-EE-LIGHTING ZONING Partitioned light zone that save energy when the space is not in use.
3
GBI-EE-ENERGY STAR APPLIANCES Low power consumption appliances and low heat omission.
4
GBI-EE-GOOD CONSTRUCTION QUALITY Dry construction and manufacturing construction quality meet QLASSIC standard.
5
GBI-LOW VOC PAINT Low volatile organic compound paint with anti-germ properties.
6
GBI-EE4-WIND TURBINE Additional energy generation by wind path above the tree and roofline.
7
GBI-EQ1-AIR EXCHANGE RATE Healthy air exchange rate beyond UBBL regulations.
GBI-EQ8-DAYLIGHTING GBI-EQ9-DAYLIGHT GLARE CONTROL 8 Horizontal louvers provide ample shade to the space within. Slanted to reduce glare from sunlight.
46
9
GBI-EQ8-DAYLIGHTING Use of low-E glass window to reduce solar UV radiation
10
GBI-SM12-GREENERY & ROOF Application of sky garden will provide thermal comfort and break out area.
11
GBI-WE3-WATER-EFFICIENT LANDSCAPING The use of native or adaptive plants will reduce potable water.
12
GBI-WE4-BIOSWALE SEWERAGE The use of bioswale will remove the silt and pollution from surface waste water.
6
wind flow
SUNSET
7
1
SUNRISE
2
8
3
9
4
10
11
5
wind flow 12
SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 47
INTEGRATION OF BUILDING SERVICES & BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 10
9
15 16 22 23 5 4
24
25
CUT OUT PERSPECTIVE LEGEND 1 Suspended ceiling frame 2 Sprinkler system 3 A/C & ventilation ducting 4 Energy efficient down lighting 5 Electrical wiring 48
6 7 8 9 10
Pressurised duct & shaft Hosereel & wet riser Cold water & sanitary duct Telecommunication riser Main distributor frame riser
11 12 13 14 15
Electrical riser Electrical low voltage riser Fresh air duct Building automaton system riser Air handling unit
6 21 17
20 3
2 1
19
16 17 18 19 20
Lift shaft
18
21 22 Firemen’s lift Reinforced concrete column with reinforcement bars 23 24 Castellated I-beam Reinforced concrete slab with corrugated metal 25 decking + reinforcement bars
Reinforced concrete shear wall (Core) Selected floor finishes Low-E glass Curtain wall mullion & transom Aluminium horizontal louvers
49
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
Floor Plates The floor plate will transfe gravity & latera load to the column through the beam connection
Shading Devices The shading device are installed at the curtain wall and only support its own weight
Steel Bracing The main structure are strengthen by a diagonal bracing that will cater for the lateral load that cause tension and compression force 50
Basement Basement are constructed using diaphragm panels and retaining walls to speed up the construction process
er e m
Structural Concept Designed with basic shapes and geometry. The facade is designed to symbolizes the concept of the unity of musical instruments, the client’s main brand and product. Curtain Wall The curtain wall are using stick system where the mullion are installed first. The curtain will carry its own weight.
Reinforced concrete structure: - Foundation - Column - Beam at the podium of the building - Service core - Flat roof Steel structure: - Curtain wall - Tower beam Curtain Wall Detail Curtain Curtain wall wallmullion mullion
Vulcanized Vulcanized angle
angle
Sealingtape tape Sealing
Curtain Curtain wall wall transom
transom
Double Double glazing glazing Low-E glass
Low-E glass
Main Structures The main structure consist of colummn beam & shear wall core integrate together to transfer the applied gravity load to the ground. The structure also withstand lateral load by the implementation of shear wall that reduce deflection.
51
SUMMARY OF INTEGRATED BUILDING SERVICES (IBS) DIAGRAM
Electrical Distribution System
Staircases & Fire Fighting Staircase
Active Firefighting System - Wet Riser & Sprinkler
Vertical Transportation
52
Active Firefighting System - Hose Reel
Water Supply System 53
SUMMARY OF INTEGRATED BUILDING SERVICES (IBS) DIAGRAM
PROGRAMMATIC MAPPING TANK
LIFT MOTOR
MINI THEATRE
E
R&D
R
SOFTWARES
OFFICE
O
OFFICE
OFFICE
OFFICE OFFICE
OFFICE
N
OFFICE OFFICE
OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE
OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE
STUDIO LOBBY RETAIL
54
FAN ROOM FAN ROOM
CAR PARKING AREA CAR PARKING AREA
OFFICE
C
GYM
NURSERY
I
A
OFFICE OFFICE SERVICE CTR
Y-DACC
R T
CAFETARIA
E
YAMAHA HALL
V
OFFICE
OFFICE
OFFICE L
OFFICE OFFICE
OFFICE
O
OFFICE
OFFICE
P
OFFICE
ZONE TRANSFER
N S
OFFICE
OFFICE
R A
MECHANICAL
T
OFFICE
R T A T
OFFICE I O
(
R&D MUSIC DEV.
C
)
C.E.O
BLACK BOX
SKY LOUNGE
CONCOURSE
UTILITY
C.E.O
MUSIC SCHOOL PLAZA
RETAIL
SVC
CAR PARKING AREA UTILITY CAR PARKING AREA
TANK ROOM
55
ART & CULTURE NICHE PROMOTING ART AND CULTURE FOR BETTER HERITAGE TOWN
56
At the heart of every great town or city there is a great leisure and entertainment economy. Entertainment and leisure can be more than a mere diversion. It is something that is universally interesting and appealing because, when it does what it is intended to do, it moves us emotionally. In other words, it moves our soul. Being a local of a town or city or a place, our life are full of constraints, disciplines, responsibilities and chores. These are also known as routines. Routines, generally, are boring and sometimes disagreeable. Entertainment and leisure, in contrast, encompasses activities that people enjoy and look forward to doing, hearing and seeing. Most importantly, entertainment and leisure are where, after the stresses of doing our daily routines, we need to meet, eat, socialize, drink, dance, learn, laugh, fall in love, celebrate and behave as we were born to behave as social animals. Malaysia is not excluded from this situation. Malaysia have put tourism as one of the primary source of the national economy. Tourism is one of the leisure and entertainment economy. In 2015, tourists arrivals to Malaysia have achieve 25.7 million arrivals and RM69.1billion of tourist’s receipts. One of the famous tourism products that attracts visitors to Malaysia is its leisure and entertainment product such as events and festivals, and also as a shopping and nightlife hub. In this proposal we are enhancing the leisure and entertainment venues where the leisure and entertainment quality could be enhanced in order to upgrade to the better quality of life. 57
SITE SETTING
PROPOSED SITE
58
The site is located strategically in the Core Zone of UNESCO World Heritage Site of Georgetown. Covering main streets such as Armenian Street, Cannon Street, and Acheen Street, the site is rich with cultural and historical setting, Proposed Site is Surrounded by Category 1 Historical Buildings consisting of kongsi houses and Temples – Khoo Kongsi, Hock Teik Cheng Sin Temple, Yap Temple and Kongsi, and religious buildings – Acheen Street Mosque. Surrounding these Category 1 buildings are Category 2 Buildings mainly consisting of shophouses, with hidden street arts that yet to be discovered, the site has always been full of tourists for its historical, heritage and cultural value.
now
1893
1803
1798
Morphology of Georgetown, Penang
SITE ELEVATIONS
ARMENIAN STREET - CANNON STREET
CANNON STREET - ACHEEN STREET
ARMENIAN STREET
ACHEEN STREET
59
ISSUES & DILEMMA
ABANDONED SHOPHOUSES
The major reason why shophouses are being abandoned as people are moving out caused by the expensive land value. After Georgetown is recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Site (WHS) in 2008, the land value immediately increased by 10 times greater than its existing land value. People that living in the shophouses are burdened by this and resulting to them searching the greater living with affordable price outside of Georgetown.
LACK OF FINE GRAIN ECONOMY
Relating to the expensive land value due to the status of UNESCO WHS, majority of the community are being burdened to pay the land value. Their economy is not enough to sustain both of their life and to pay the land value after UNESCO WHS. There are only several left and this is still not enough, as the people have to walk a little further from one place to one place to get the essential daily items.
EXCESSIVE FOCUS ON TOURISM
This is what is happening right now. After Georgetown were recognized as UNESCO WHS, the tourism percentage booming. Thus, the authority sees this as an opportunity and keep on providing events and festivals all year round to boost the tourism profit. but the effort to maintain the cycle of creating and producing are lacking to keep the heritage alive. hence the effort of preserving is only on the built form of the area, but not on the community.
60
HYPOTHESIS
The design is aimed in generating ideas and products to encourage innovation and critical thinking culture in the community. The design dictates the development so that it continually grows after the 20 years’ projection. The design is based on creative city concept by preserve, celebrate, challenge, and invent community identity. It is also to creating an environment for artisans to showcase and expresses themselves to the outer community.
contribute to Georgetown’s Return of Investment (R.O.I)
inspire all ages to actively involved in arts & culture, generating new creative youth
provide jobs & living spaces for the local residents, avoiding abundance of shophouses, shouphouse can be maintained
keep the genius loci of the place but as naturally & contemporary as the time goes by, providing endless vitality to the area
THESIS STATEMENT
Georgetown will become a central point in the f – based on economic development. Art & cultural niche will become a pilot project targeted for youth as they are the future layers for inventors, creators and leaders. The intention is to revitalise and maintain the rich historical setting of the area, especially in arts and culture. arts and culture are very crucial in revitalisation of a place and creating a “sense of place” of a place. Hence, this development is expected to revitalise the unique “sense of place” of Georgetown, especially at the Core Zone of UNESCO World Heritage Site, thus revitalise the area to be liveable for the local community.
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SITE ANALYSIS & SYNTHESIS MACRO STUDY
40.7 ACRES
site location
open space
site area
figure ground
streets & backlanes
core zone
ENCLAVES LEGEND Kapitan Kling Mosque & Gold Bazaar Armenian Street cultural Enclave Acheen Street Mosque Chinese Kongsi
pedestrian 62
enclaves
MICRO STUDY
9.7 ACRES
site location
open spaces
activity point of nodes
parcel area
infill & replacement
figure ground
category 1 buildings
vehicular access
pedestrian + cyclist & backlanes 63
SITE ANALYSIS & SYNTHESIS
MAIN VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
SECONDARY ROAD / BACKLANES
64
mixed use commercial residential
LAND USE
open space
category 1 category 2 replacement
BUILDING CATEGORY
infill
65
DESIGN PARAMETERS & URBAN FRAMEWORKS
66
67
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Category 2 buildings in the area are shophoises with heritage value. Infill and replacement buildings are also following the surrounding shophouses.
max. height of 11 m (4 storey high)
adapt to reprogramming
maintain front facade & terracotta tiles
68
URBAN FRAMEWORK
Intensifying the population of the area.
Nurture an art institution in the area.
Injecting mix-use programs.
Enhancing the walkability & permeability of the area.
Intensifying the maximum development potential of the site.
Revitalise the waste urban voids – back lanes, open spaces & courtyards of the area.
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DESIGN THEORIES
THE PATTERN LANGUAGE – CHRISTOPHER ALEXANDER “...instead of the lock-step of compulsory schooling in a fixed place, work in a piecemeal way to decentralized the process of learning & enrich it through contact with many pieces & people all over the city, professional willing to take the young as helper, older children teaching younger children, museums / youth groups travelling, scholarly seminars, …” “...encourage teenagers to work out a self-organized learning society of their own...”
In context of site it is to create a certain part of town as a performance place, to showcase their uniqueness and the ideas, in performing arts or folk arts. FOR PERFORMING AREA the need of people “dancing in the street” to enhance culture
FOR RESIDENTIALS “...every shopping street should insert house in between...” house in between
road
FOR NIGHT ACTIVITY: put together shops, amusements and services which are open at night, along with hotels, bars, and all-night diners to form centres of night life: Well-lit, safe and lively place
build houses into the fabric of shops
“...surround public gathering places with pockets of activity - small, partly enclosed areas at the edges, which jut forward into the open space between the paths, and contain activities which make it natural for people to pause and get involved..” activity pockets
light square square
surrounding shophouses
70
CONCEPTUALISING CULTURAL QUARTERS – JOHN MONTGOMERY A necessary activity characteristics of cultural space: good cultural space indicators in terms of activities: Small – medium scale
mixed economy in venues
theatres & galleries
performance venue
variety of unit sizes of variety range of costs for convenience
producing houses
presence of active street life and street frontage evening economy
producing companies
“...SMALL IS BEAUTIFUL...” – E.F. SCHUMACHER E.F. Schumacher emphasises in his book about how modern organisations did not give full satisfaction to workers, thus making “...the workers no more than an anonymous cog in a huge machine...” – Madeleine Bunting Special crafting skills no longer important nor the quality of relationship between humans. Long story short, the economic system is dehumanising, because of basis of profitability is number one priority compared to human need, since 80s. Hence, Schumacher wanted an economics where people as a number 1 priority because that would enable environmental and human sustainability.
program
utilize & enhance its expertise
diversity of small programs
enhancing social circle by meeting with other people
attract people to that specific area
contribute to community
71
MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL
72
73
DESIGN PRINCIPLES & IDEAS
CR
EA TIV E
TH I
S RT EA UR UT RICH CL
NK IN
G
IDEA
CREATIVE YOUTH
IDEA IS GENERATED FROM 3 FACTORS, THAT IS RICH ARTS AND CULTURAL SETTING OF AREA, THE CREATIVE YOUTH OF TODAY AND THE NEED OF CREATIVE AND CRITICAL THINKING.
COMMUNITY CURATOR
ARTS & CULTURE RICH ENVIRONMENT
MIXING CULTURE
EXPERTISE HUB
PLACE LIKE HOME
FOR COMMUNITY
THE TOWN AS A CREATIVE PLACE TO ENLIVEN ARTS AND CULTURE
STUDIO CULTURE
SHOWCASE TALENT & IDEAS
DIVERSITY
74
PRODUCING COMPANIES
ECONOMIC BALANCE
TRAINING GROUNDS
ARTS & CULTURE RICH ENVIRONMENT Local community as curator local community not only resides in this area, but also act as a curator of arts & culture
Expertise hub diversity and high concentration of creative thinking of minds
Mixing culture design that encourage the mixing of cultures and ideas between the community
SHOWCASE TALENT AND IDEA Studio culture using workspaces to create, generate, challenge new critical ideas among artisans and community
Producing companies artisans not only showcasing their works, but also produce a product that are useful for the community
Training grounds to maintain the arts & culture, the professionals can teach the amateurs
FOR COMMUNITY Economic balance providing a stable economy for the community
Diversity arts & culture attracts different backgrounds of community; allow mixture of cultures
Place like home arts and cultural rich of environment providing a residential that feels like home 75
RETURN OF INVESTMENT STUDY & STRATEGIC PROGRAM
76
77
TYPOLOGIES MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
1 block of shophouses units
several unit of shophouses
1 block of shophouse
vertical development
78
horizontal development
vertical + horizontal development
vertical + bridge development
horizontal + bridge development
mixed typologies development
TYPOLOGIES ANALYSIS
The conditions of the area are consisting of the category 1 buildings, surrounded by category 2 buildings mainly consists of heritage shophouses with high congestion. These buildings are connected together by a narrow circulation interpreted as negative space according to the diagram shown, which in fact sometimes people in community tend to relax or socialize in these areas. They have created new programs overlay to an existing circulation without knowing it. The arrangement of the program regarding to the level of correlation will make these overlapping programs to be isolated out clearly and get a wide and clear circulation and programs, these Including mini-gardens and interactive spaces. The community consists of various units Together. Existing arrangements and forms are disorganized over time. To develop the area, it is necessary to analyse original building. To determine the profile of the new elements to be placed, or the directions for the arrangement of old elements. generic type of programs in existing shophouse units
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TYPOLOGIES ELEMENT
80
sculpturing studio
drawing studio
garden cafe
shaded cafe
classroom
discussion studio
street cafe
rooftop cafe
photography studio
professional studio / office
projection mapping
bicycle & pedestrian lane
gallery at backlanes
plaza
street art installation
pedestrian market
81
TYPOLOGIES ELEMENT
82
83
TYPOLOGIES ELEMENT artist’s workspace & residences
gallery and shophouses unit
84
lodging complex
85
DEVELOPMENT PHASES
1-5 years • restructuring the mixed-used shophouses • inject arts program
11-15 years • construction of public infrastructures • enhancement of public realms
86
6-10 years • reprogramming the heritage building • construction of art centre • refurbishment of existing youth centre • include workspaces for art institution
16-20 years • addition of artists’ residence and workspaces • addition of residential units for locals
along the shophouses at Acheen Street
inside the Art Centre at Armenian Park 87
bird eye view of Armenian Street
88
Competitions Latitudes Sustainable Competition 2016 Bologna Brief Entry Synapse District Pin Up! Society, Group Project Entry
89
6
1 2 3
4
4
2
11
5
7
2
4
5
1 4
10
10
4
2 8
9
8 2
2 4
4 4 4
SYNAPSE DISTRICT
CREATING A RESILIENT URBAN COMMUNITY
URBAN FARMING = MAIN PROGRAM The world population is expected to increase by 10 times by 2050. That also means the food demands will increase at least 2 times by 2050. Urban farming only involving small plots such as vacant lots, gardens and even roof tops. Urban farming is chosen as the main program for community vibrancy as urban gardens can improve social and emotional well-being, asides from increased income and provide employment, as providing calmness for people living in a densely populated area. In context of Italy, the usual crops are sugar beets, tomatoes, corns, grapes, olives, figs and citrus fruits. With urban farming, people who lives there can interact with nature and also other neighbours. Aside from that, they can sell their crops to the nearby markets. The energy-efficient nature of urban farming may reduce the carbon footprint of the site by reducing the amount of transport that occurs to deliver goods to the market. The idea also to reduce water wastage by recycling the grey water from the rain and use it for water irrigation to water the crops. 90 Source: http://www.craftsy.com/blog/2014/04/italian-fruits-and-vegetables/
SITE SETTING
LEGEND: 1. multifunctional space 2. open plot 3. water element 4. pocket park 5. orchard 6. flower garden 7. gazebo 8. playground 9. mini green house & hydroponic 10. pedestrian pathway 11. cycling track
Latitude: 44° 29’ 0” N Elevation: 54 m (above sea level) Degree Days: 2259 Climatic Zone: E Area: 8140.7km2 Population: 386,298 hab. Density: 2,700 hab/km2 Temperature: -2°C (29°F) to 30°C (86°F) Bologna is the largest city (and the capital) of the EmiliaRomagna Region in Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy, located in the heart of a metropolitan area (officially recognized by the Italian government as a città metropolitana) of about one million. Bologna has quite cold winters and very hot summers. The Site is located at the north of the Historic Centre, just outside the walls of the city, in a strategic location, very narrow to the central station and between several urban polarities.
91
TYPOLOGIES
AGRICULTURE
hydrophonic rack
mini greenhouse
open plot
playground
expression wall
gazebo
rainwater harvesting
orchard
flower garden
water element
multifunctional space
pocket park
OPEN SPACE
92
CONCEPT
DESIGN MORPHOLOGY
The project is a courtyard space to promote
“community vibrancy� between the immigrant through community urban farming as a main program, supported by other community programs as well.
The concept – synapse, is a region (an extremely small gap) where nerve impulses are transmitted and received. Same as this concept, this small regions (inbetween spaces or courtyard) are where people come and interacting with each other. We aim to provide good place to live by keeping the identity of the place. Hence, we create opportunities of entertainment by putting programs of urban farming, sustainable parks, gardens and public spaces to strengthen the sense of community and to integrate the different cultures of immigrated inhabitants and maximize environmental friendly solution.
1. site footprint
2. existing building
3. existing public - open space
4. point of destination
5. connection
6. space fragmentation
7. space identification
8. vehicular circulation
9. pedestrian cycling 93
SUSTAINABLE FEATURES
PERMEABLE PAVERS Absorbs excessive water to solve flood’s issues in the area. Permeable paver may tackle the flooding issue at the area. The water stored in the system after the massive rainfall may reduce the heating of tarmac, as the water evaporates during hot weather. Thus, it become a cooling effect reducing the surface temperature. It also helps to prevent puddles on pathways.
Topmix Permeable from Lafarge Tarmac pervious aggregate sub-base
impermeable membrane
drainage system undisturbed permeable soil
BIOSWALE The bioswale is designed to slow and clean storm water runoff from the parking lot while providing an attractive garden landscape which is more ecologicallyminded than a traditional storm drain system. The types of plansts are also crucial for maximum effectiveness of bioswale. Types of plants used are suitable for wet and dry weather, which is the yearly climate conditions of Bologna.
94
plants help slow water flow, and reduce nutrient load in the water
groundwater is filtered through the improved soil
water overflow into the glutton
ground improvement glutton aggregate drain tube
RAINWATER HARVESTING & SPRINKLER IRRIGATION SYSTEM Rainwater harvesting method is used in the shade structures of the pedestrians and cycling trails. The water collected from here will be filtered and be put in the water cistern. This greywater will be used for sprinkler irrigation system for the pocket farm and open plot areas. Harvesting of surface runoff are available in the permeable pavers. The water will be filtered from solid materials and will be used in sprinkler irrigation system.
USE OF RECYCLE MATERIALS Recycled materials are used to construct street furniture in the area, thus saving cost of buying new materials and also minimalise the loss of natural resources.
sprinkler irrigation system for agriculture area
water drop on the roof of shaded area water cistern
filtered water goes underground pipe water irrigation system for hydroponic farm
IMPROVEMENT ON PEDESTRIANS & CYCLING LANE In this area, pedestrians and cyclist are the priority. This is to encourage the inhabitants to walk and cycling more often this reducing the carbon footprints of the area.
USE OF LED LIGHT LED lights can save up to 75% of the use of energy. LED lighting also saves on maintenance cost as it last 35 to 50 times longer than incandescent lighting and 2 to 5 times longer than fluorescent lighting. Using LED lights there will be no bulb replacement, no use of ladder and no ongoing disposal program. It is also reduce heating as LED only produce very little heat. LED light also offers dimming an automatic daylight shut-off with additional motion sensors.
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level 4 level 3 level 2 level 1 level gr. grey water
96 road
Housing unit
| bioswale |
parking
| bioswale |
road
level 4 level 3 level 2 level 1 level gr. grey water
97 PUBLIC PARK
| bioswale |
| bioswale |
Housing unit
PIN UP! SOCIETY @GEORGETOWN PENANG
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SITE (URBAN CONTEXT) ISSUES, STUDIES & ANALYSIS ISSUES AND DILEMMA
GEORGETOWN, PENANG Have massive and strong characteristic, culture and its great economic fine grain community for visitor and local. However, without proper management it is deteriorating the daily life of the city. Since Georgetown has been nominated as World Heritage City by UNESCO in 2008, local citizen are affected by the high price, high land value, high living cost, tourism-focused service, with non-urban ambition - and the seasonal demographic variable. These situations cause an exodus of residents from the center to other cheaper and less exploited areas. As the city which populated by various type of people especially young executive whose demands are more modern and large area living but being compressed by high living cost make them to search any potential alternative living habitant. Tourism-focused service are dominating and sprawled all over Georgetown. However, tourism is seasonal by its nature. Although tourism contributing to the large amount of economic income, it is the local community that are running the city and make it work. The amalgamation should be done between the local community and the tourists by balanced planning to make a city more lively, sustainable and vibrant.
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INHABITANT
we need more inhabitant to georgetown’s survive
as local brand the construction of a new PUBLIC SPACE + RESIDENCY + LOCAL + TOURIST + PROGRAM + SYSTEM revalues the quality of the services and information, therefore all the investment will revert GEORGETOWN, PENANG
in the near future becoming a more attractive place not only for tourist but for people who want to live in the city.
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102
103
GEORGETOWN PENANG EVENT CALENDAR
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BICYCLE PARK CULTURE
CITY WALL EFFECT
INFILL BUSINESS
PENANG URBAN DNA
NAVARATHI GUJERATI FESTIVAL
DONDANG SAYANG
CHINGAY
GHOST MONTH CHINESE FESTIVAL THAIPUSAM HINDU FESTIVAL
FESTIVAL ROUTE
TUA PEH KONG
WALL STREET ART
STREET STALL
STREET STALL CART
105
DESIGN PROPOSAL - URBAN STRATEGIES
CREATE MULTIPLE TYPE EVENT
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
develop inviting + accessible transit area
10
emphasize early integration, simple process + maintainable
produce great green street reinforce walkability + cycleability + well being nuture neighbourhood character improve equity + opportunity ensure connections generate public open space bridge the past _+ future stimulate sustainability + innovation
ADAPTIVE REUSE IN HERITAGE INTEGRATION
OPEN PUBLIC REALMS TREATMENT Since open public realms are from land owner, a certain treatment should be done to segregate and isolate from public area to existing building. Existing building are private areas, so to isolate from the public area - a high translucent fencing was created to establish zoning. People can still see the magnificent facade of the old building but cannot touch or access without the proper entrance. This way, the heritage value of the building facade can be preserved.
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY ON PARKING SPACE & UNUTILISED SPACE On the existing site inside envelope boundary, there are existing open parking space area and unutilised space area. To use this space, the existing functions cannot be ignoring. By building sub-basement parking the car , the ground floor lecel can be used as public realms. This approach can provide a better management facilities to be applied such as sewerage, electrical grid, and water supply. Moreover, the public realms can be rented for any event activity according to 6x6 m2 grid. 6x6 m2 are the establishment new grid to column by replacing car park area to sub-basement.
106
establishment of proposal site
selection of internal program
column replacement
introduction of new level of platform
flatform with service integration and finished material
establishment of grids
107
PLATFORM DESIGN TYPOLOGIES
CULTURAL EVENT BUILDING event building to perpetuate the offer and the cultural diversity
ARTISTIC ACTION work of art and artistic installations to revalue the image and provide to the district a specific cultural aspect
TEMPORARY ACTIVITIES light structures able to welcome new professional activities, small shop or local services
MOVABLE SERVICE daily mobile service ( library, doctor’s practice, police, food truck etc ) to insure a continuity of affabilities between consumer
AMENITIES & SERVICE shops, service, administrations or associative shared spaces to encourage a sort of centrality
EVENT SPACE light structures with scaffolding able to welcome federative and fleeting cultural event to revitalize the district
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Typology 1 | sunken on ground
Typology 2 | floating on ground
Typology 3 | in-side spaces
109 Typology 4 | in-between spaces
elevated floating swimming pool as design
GBI APPROACH
solution to urban and climate change adaptive urban trail
EQ9 GLARE CONTROL PROVIDE GLARE & HEAT FREE LIGHT INTO THE DEEPER PART OF THE INTERIOR
SM12 GREENERY & ROOF IN1
INNOVATION DESIGN
EQ8 DAYLIGHTING WE3
IRRIGATION/LANDSCAPE HIGH INDEPENDENCY PLANTS AND LOW NUTRIEN DRAIN
EQ6
AIR CHANGE EFFECTIVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR INCLUDE TEMPERATURE, RADIANT TEMPERATURE, RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND AIR VELOCITY
110
WE2
WATER RECYCLING
TYPICAL ELEVATED FROM GROUND LAYOUT 3
+15 m floor level lobby & changing room
4 2
1
4 3
3 4 5 6
0m
5m
+19 m floor level public swimming pool
10m
5
6
20m
roof plan pin up! society
EE4
RENEWABLE ENERGY PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL SURFACE INSTALLED ON THE DIGRID STRUCTURE TILT FACING RECEIVING SUN DIRECT IRRIDIATION
SM3
COMMUNITY CONNECT PLANNING CONSIDERED THE EXISTING COMMUNITY NEIGHBOURHOOD BY PROVIDING EXCELLENT CONNECTION
SM10 PARKING CAPACITY WE1 RAINWATER HARVESTING
SM5 ENVIRONMENT & COST M.
RAINWATER HARVEST & GREY WATER RECYCLING HELP REDUCE CLEAN WATER FOR SANITARY PURPOSES
LUSH GREENERY COLLED THE ENVIRONMENT AND AVOID THE HEAT ISLAND EFFECT
GBI APPROACH
2
GBI APPROACH
1
Legend escalator lobby locker toilet infinity pool deck
111
structural component
glass and photovoltaic panel envelop
second floor level - open public infinity pool first floor level lobby, changing room, toilet, service parametric landscape entrance escalator
sub-basement parking 112
PRIMARY STRUCTURE vertical and horizontal curvy linear structure in oval shape SECONDARY STRUCTURE tringular diaginal linear structure in oval shape
TERTIRY STRUCTURE trigular diagonal inbetween secondary structure that hold glass panel
STRUCTURAL CONNECTION DETAIL
113
double low-e glass
solar photovoltaic panel
glass finish with frame and rubber waterproofing
frosted glass
aluminium cladding to closed structure member
hollow steel structure with industrial coating service pipe water spray pipe
aluminium cladding to hold glass frame
114
modular panel
SELECTION OF MATERIAL
Material used as finishing on this dome structure are double low-e glass, photovoltaic panel and frosted glass. Photovoltaic panel are installed at top most part of the dome to maximise the emission of sun and at the same time functioning as a shade for the interior of the dome. The panels are arranged randomly to give natural effect to the environment.
Below the dome steel structure, water spray pipes are installed to give function of water spraying toward the surrounding landscape to cool down the temperature. This idea is inspired by water mist fan that often can be found in local restaurants. When this water spraying moment happen, the dome would resembles a cloud.
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THANK YOU.
Inessa Farhana Jamil +60 13 332 8506 innes.hana@gmail.com
Copyright Š 2017 by Inessa Farhana Jamil All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review.