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Insight News • December 30, 2024 - January 5, 2025 • Page 1

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December 30, 2024 - Janauary 5, 2025

Vol. 51 No. 53• The Journal For Community News, Business & The Arts • insightnews.com

DARNOLD-JEFFERSON CONNECT VIKINGS THRIVE, SURGE AP Photo/Stephen Brashear

Minnesota Vikings wide receiver Justin Jefferson (18) and quarterback Sam Darnold (14) celebrate after a 5-yard touchdown catch by teammate wide receiver Jordan Addison (3) during the first half of an NFL football game against the Seattle Seahawks, Sunday, Dec. 22, 2024, in Seattle.

The Darnold-Jefferson connection is thriving for the surging Vikings

By Dave Campbell AP Pro Football Writer Sam Darnold sensed the backside pressure as soon as he dropped back with Minnesota trailing by four points late in the fourth quarter in Seattle, so he moved into a safe space in the pocket and did precisely what the Vikings would prefer him to do with the game on the line.

He threw the ball down the field to Justin Jefferson.

The perfectly placed throw near the sideline beat double coverage for a 39yard touchdown that put the Vikings back in front with 3:51 remaining in a 27-24 victory over the Seahawks on Sunday.

“It was a great call,” said Jefferson, who had 10 receptions for 144 yards and two scores, all season highs.

“I’m not going to say too much about that play, but something went on where me and Sam were on the same page, and he found me and we went up.”

The Vikings were understandably coy about the context around the go-ahead touchdown, when Darnold made a difficult on-the-run pass just over cornerback Tariq Woolen that Jefferson deftly twisted to catch next to his backside hip so he could shield the ball from late-breaking safety Julian Love.

Darnold saw Love’s shoulders initially shaded inside just enough to believe he couldn’t retreat fast enough to prevent Jefferson from getting the ball. Jefferson also applied some improvisation to his route that Darnold clearly and properly read during the play.

“I want those guys to have some freedom in those moments,” coach Kevin O’Connell said. “We do a lot of things with Justin and Sam, seeing the coverage and then with some route opportunities to get to at the line of scrimmage, and I think those guys have just gotten so comfortable with that stuff.”

Darnold’s longdelayed breakout performance under O’Connell has been

AP Photo/Lindsey Wasson

Minnesota Vikings quarterback Sam Darnold (14) scrambles as Seattle Seahawks linebacker Uchenna Nwosu (10) tries to tackle during the first half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Dec. 22, 2024, in Seattle. one of the stories of the NFL this season, one that wouldn’t have unfolded as neatly for the third overall pick in the 2018 draft without such synergy between him and his superstar wide receiver.

If the Vikings (13-2) win their last two games, they will not only be NFC North champions for the second time in three years but also get the No. 1 seed and the lone first-round bye in the NFC for the playoffs.

“Every single game we’re finding different ways to overcome adversity, overcome the different stuff defenses have thrown towards us,” Jefferson said. “Sam has done a great job being a leader.”

What’s working The pass rush was strong, with Andrew Van Ginkel recording two sacks and pressure leading to both interceptions of Seahawks quarterback Geno Smith. The Vikings were credited with eight hits on Smith.

left.

What needs help The Vikings converted only three of 12 third downs, their second-worst rate of the season.

Injury report The defense ought to get a big boost this week with the expected return of the 13-year veteran Smith from his first absence in two years when he was sidelined at Seattle with a foot injury.

Linebacker Ivan Pace, who has missed four games on injured reserve with a hamstring strain, is also on track to be back

Stock up Theo Jackson, who saw significant playing time at safety with Harrison Smith out, had the game-sealing interception with 49 seconds

Stock down Tight end Josh Oliver has played 47% of the snaps the last two games, his two lowest usage rates of the season. He dropped the only pass he was thrown on Sunday.

with his return to practice.

Backup defensive lineman Jalen Redmond, who didn’t play against the Seahawks because of a concussion, has made progress through the protocol, O’Connell said. Backup cornerback Fabian Moreau, who was inactive at Seattle with a hip injury, will continue to be evaluated throughout the week.

Key number 13.6% — That’s the third-down conversion allowance rate for the Vikings over the last two games, with Chicago and Seattle combining to go just 3 for 22. The Vikings rank second in the NFL in thirddown defense at 33.7% for the

season and also rank second on fourth down at 36.7%.

Up next The Vikings host Green Bay on Sunday, with the kickoff moved to the late afternoon showcase spot on Fox. If Minnesota loses to the Packers, the Lions will clinch the NFC North and the Vikings would open the playoffs on the road as the No. 5 seed at best.

Even if the Lions were to lose at San Francisco on Monday night, the Vikings would need to win at Detroit on Jan. 5 to take the division title.

AP NFL: https:// apnews.com/hub/NFL

Page 2 • December 30, 2024 - January 5, 2025 • Insight News

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Commentary Originally published last week in The Saint Paul Pioneer Press

“Re-Imagining Justice” examines what is possible

By Justin Terrell Every year the Minnesota Justice Research Center hosts the “Re-Imagining Justice” conference, bringing together stakeholders who want to see a more effective, humane criminal legal system that communities trust.

Lawmakers, policy experts, advocates, researchers, members of law enforcement, legal professionals, victims/ survivor advocates, formerly incarcerated people, young people, elders and more, joining together to imagine what is possible.

Dr. Shawn Ginwright, a best-selling author, Harvard professor and the leader of the Flourish Agenda out of Oakland, Calif., spoke on the conference theme of “Pivoting from Problem to Possibility,” which came straight from his recent book, “The Four Pivots: Reimagining Justice, Reimagining Ourselves.”

Dr. Ginwright taught us that when something bad happens, the first question we ask is “what are we going to do?”

But this is the wrong starting point. The first question we should ask ourselves is “who do we need to become?”

Our movements over the past 15 years have continued to ask, “what do we do?” Watching the murder of George Floyd on video, reading story after story of wrongful

convictions, and knowing so many victims are not adequately supported in restoration and healing, we understandably focus on and often argue about what we need to do — people have every right to be angry when they can see what needs to be done.

Yes, we must look for and fight for solutions, but if we haven’t done the hard work of becoming who we need to be, as Dr. Ginwright calls us to do, we will make little or no progress.

At the JRC, we believe we need to become people dedicated to establishing a system responsible for administering justice that is a model for the rest of the country. We see ourselves as bridge builders, so our conference highlighted presenters who typically don’t speak in the same spaces to the same audiences. Police officers reporting on accountability efforts, advocates unpacking labor standards in prisons, practitioners advocating for an expansion of communityfirst response models, a discussion on overhauling the bail system, and a panel on the experience of BIPOC women who complete the complaint process after a sexual assault.

This is just a sample of the larger conversation around reimagining what is possible in Minnesota.

Since the murder of George Floyd, in a lot of ways Minnesota has

displayed leadership in police accountability, passing sweeping legislation that overhauled standards of conduct for every licensed peace officer in the state. The Minnesota Department of Human Rights took immediate action during the uprising to ban chokeholds and investigated the Minneapolis Police Department for patterns and practices of race-based policing. This investigation produced the only legally binding settlement agreement in the country that sets a much higher bar than the U.S. Department of Justice.

Minnesota is leading, and the goal of the Re-Imagining Justice Conference is not to pat ourselves on the back, but to continue to do the hard work of imagining what is possible and creating space for a broad set of stakeholders to recognize and build on each other’s efforts.

So, who do we need to become?

People who understand that justice is not a destination, but an ongoing process that requires a cultural shift in how we build relationships.

Relationships are dynamic; if you neglect a relationship or cast off responsibility, that relationship falls apart. We need to accept that our criminal legal system does not have all the answers and, frankly, neither do the people. Not yet, anyway. Until faced with a particular situation, the average Minnesotan is not

concerned about Minnesota Statute 609.066 (use of deadly force by police officer). Rather, people want to live their lives and trust that if something bad happens, there are fair, equitable, effective and humane systems in place to respond.

This is a fair expectation for taxpayers to hold, but this expectation is not a current reality. So it falls to all of us to ensure that this expectation is met.

We have to become a people who are willing to do anything to advance justice.

Even if that means working together across differences to affirm our shared values.

Treating justice as a process means we as a community must understand that people are going to cause harm, that people who cause harm need to be held accountable, and people who have been harmed need to feel supported. Our processes to hold people accountable and to support people who have been harmed must be fair and equitable. Our systems require consistent evaluation to make sure that we are not just locking people up or just letting people out, but that we are learning as much as possible from interventions, especially when we are suspending the liberties of people who have or have not been convicted of a crime. In the case of those who have been harmed, we must be committed to having better structures to

Harvard

Dr. Shawn Ginwright conversation. But every day, the JRC works to advance our mission to transform the criminal legal system through research, education and policy development. We invite you to join the conversation.

To anyone reading this who is concerned about the current discourse around our criminal legal system, please consider this an invitation to get to know the Minnesota Justice Research Center.

Justin Terrell is executive director of the Minnesota Justice Research Center (www.mnjrc.org). A 2021 Bush Fellow, 2014 Facing Race Ambassador and member of the Peace Officer Standards and Training Board (POST), Terrell has worked on criminal justice issues for a dozen years. He has a masters degree in advocacy and political leadership from Metro State University. He lives in Richfield with his wife and two young children.

offer support and bring the community together.

This is how we become a more just Minnesota — a Minnesota that responds to the problems in our communities with values and a commitment to what is possible. We need to become a Minnesota that is dedicated to evaluating public safety efforts and ensuring the community learns from those efforts. What is the system doing that is a validation of commonly held values and what is it doing that is a violation? This is the work we do at the JRC. Whether it be educating the community on what a consent decree is and how they can be used or evaluating community-first response programs, we do our best to help people concerned about these issues digest what is happening and equip them with tools for change.

The Re-Imagining Justice Conference is one place where the JRC is leading this

Trump vs. Musk: The fight for MAGA and the high stakes for Black America for passivity; inaction now could lead to consequences that reverberate across generations, threatening the hard-won progress of civil rights and equity. The rise of figures like Musk within MAGA highlights a broader shift toward oligarchic dominance in governance.

While Trump’s policies have already inflicted harm on Black communities, Musk’s calculated political maneuvers and amplification of hate and fear represent a new, insidious challenge. This is not just a battle of personalities; it is a

Columnist

By Haley Taylor Schlitz, Esq. Just a few weeks ago, much of America was buzzing about the prospect of a fight between Jake Paul and Mike Tyson. Some even thought it might be the fight of the year. Little did we know that the real fight to watch, and prepare for, would be within the MAGA movement: Trump versus Musk. This brewing battle for control threatens not only the direction of the movement but also the future of democracy and civil rights in America.

As the nation watched the Republican Party flirt with shutting down the government this week, a quieter but equally troubling power struggle is starting to unfold between Donald Trump and Elon Musk.

This internal battle reveals more than just a rivalry; it underscores a troubling pattern in American history where powerful figures leverage racial division and fear to secure dominance, often at the expense of marginalized communities.

MAGA’s willingness to roll back civil rights advancements is not new but fits into a historical continuum of exploiting Black communities as political scapegoats to reinforce systemic inequities. This clash is not just about two larger-than-life personalities; it’s about the future of a movement that has consistently built its base by exploiting division and undermining civil rights.

For Donald Trump, a man who has long positioned himself as the undisputed leader of MAGA, Musk’s growing influence is a direct challenge to his dominance and a sign of a deeper power shift within the movement. Musk, an unelected billionaire, is leveraging his platform and wealth to carve out his own sphere of power within the movement. His ability to sway public opinion, and even legislative agendas, through provocative social media posts signals a seismic shift in MAGA’s power dynamics.

Musk’s alignment with MAGA became evident

AP

Elon Musk and President Donald Trump earlier this year when he made headlines for disparaging Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and mocking diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives. More recently, he used his social media platform to spread baseless claims about Haitian immigrants in Ohio, alleging they were eating people’s pets.

These actions are not isolated incidents; they are part of a calculated strategy to stoke fear and division for political gain. Musk’s trajectory reflects a broader MAGA agenda that seeks to weaponize race and equity issues to consolidate power.

For Black Americans, the implications of this power struggle are deeply troubling.

History has shown that when powerful white men vie for dominance, Black communities often bear the consequences, enduring setbacks that reverberate across generations.

From slavery to Jim Crow, from redlining to mass incarceration, power struggles among white elites have often resulted in policies and systems that disproportionately harm Black Americans, entrenching inequality and erasing progress.

Each of these historical moments serves as a reminder of how vulnerable marginalized communities become when political battles prioritize dominance over justice. These historical lessons remind us that when powerful white men clash, the resulting policies and systems often deepen systemic inequities, disproportionately harming Black Americans.

MAGA, rooted in white

supremacist ideologies, has always gravitated toward leaders who push to roll back civil rights advancements. This is why figures like Trump, with his attacks on the Central Park Five, and Musk, with his attempts to delegitimize institutions like HBCUs, find such embrace within the movement.

The MAGA movement’s embrace of figures like Musk, who wield technological power and amplify far-right ideology, represents a grave threat to democracy and the progress achieved through decades of civil rights activism. Musk’s platform has become a megaphone for farright ideologies, manipulating public discourse, spreading misinformation, and eroding accountability. By wielding his immense social and financial capital to spread racist narratives and xenophobic lies, Musk employs tactics reminiscent of those used by white supremacist leaders throughout history to weaponize misinformation against Black communities.

His actions echo the strategies used by MAGA to suppress the voices of marginalized groups and solidify a framework of inequality. His domestic and international rhetoric intertwines to create an environment hostile to progress and equity, deepening societal divisions and undermining democratic norms.

For Black America, this moment demands clarity, vigilance, and a renewed commitment to collective action. The stakes are too high

Puzzle Master

By Simon Burris

have long been the conscience of this nation, and once again, we are called to lead in resisting the dangerous trends of division, dysfunction, and inequality. As Muhammad Ali once said, “The fight is won or lost far away from witnesses - behind the lines, in the gym, and out there on the road, long before I dance under those lights.” For Black America, this fight against MAGA’s dangerous trajectory will be won through preparation, unity, and unwavering determination, long before the spotlight is on.

fight over the soul of the nation.

To ignore the trajectory of MAGA now is to risk serious setbacks for our communities. The fight for civil rights and equality has always been a relentless battle against deeply entrenched systems of power, and this moment is no different. Yet, history also teaches us that collective resistance, from the Civil Rights Movement to recent grassroots activism, has the power to challenge and overcome even the most entrenched systems of oppression. Black Americans

Denzel

the Great

Simon Burris: *Africana Diaspora* Black History Month II Crossword **"Denzel the Great" www.simonburris700.com Across 1. **Denzel Washington [DW]' first Oscar winning film (1989) 6. **DW's Academy, Tony or Emmy, for example 11. Seoul country 12. **13-time ___ Image Award winner 13. **Theme of this puzzle 15. After 9,999

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2. "Pride brings a person ___" (Proverb 29:23)

28. More sharp (K _ _ _ _ _ )

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29. Black, in Mexico

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32. Time-sharing option (abbr.)

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Insight News • December 30, 2024 - January 5, 2025 • Page 3

Insight News

INSIGHT NEWS IS AUDITED BY THE ALLIANCE FOR AUDITED MEDIA TO PROVIDE OUR ADVER TISER PAR TNERS WITH THE HIGHES T LEVEL OF MEDIA ASSURANCE.

December 30, 2024 - January 5, 2025

Vol. 51 No. 53• The Journal For Community News, Business & The Arts • insightnews.com

Luigi Mangione pleads not guilty to murder and weapons charges in UnitedHealthcare CEO’s death

By Michael R. Sisak and Jake Offenhartz Associated Press

AP Photo/John Amis

This photo taken Dec. 8, 2009 shows Ruth Ndiagne Dorsey with a Kwanzaa setting set up for a media photo at her church, The Shrine of the Black Madonna, in Atlanta.

A beginner’s guide to Kwanzaa

By Graham Lee Brewer Associated Press Kwanzaa has become a nationally recognized celebration of African culture and community in the United States since its founding in 1966 and also is celebrated in countries with large African descendant populations.

The holiday, which serves as a nationwide communal event reinforcing self-determination and unity in the face of oppression, spans seven days from the day after Christmas through New Year’s Day. It is observed in large, city-sponsored events as well as in smaller communities and homes nationwide.

Kwanzaa has grown in popularity in the decades

since its founding and is celebrated by 3% of the country, according to a 2019 AP-NORC survey. Former Presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama all released statements commemorating the holiday, and in 1997 the U.S. Postal Service began issuing Kwanzaa stamps. It is not recognized as a federal holiday.

Kwanzaa’s origins Kwanzaa emerged during the Black Freedom Movement of the 1960s as a way to reconnect Black communities in the U.S. with important African cultural traditions that were severed by the transatlantic slave trade.

It also promotes unity and liberation.

“It was also shaped by that defining decade of

fierce strivings and struggles for freedom, justice and associated goods waged by Africans and other peoples of color all over the world in the 1960s,” Maulana Karenga, the holiday’s founder, wrote in his annual Kwanzaa address in 2023. “Kwanzaa thus came into being, grounded itself and grew as an act of freedom, an instrument of freedom, a celebration of freedom and a practice of freedom.”

Karenga, an African American author, activist and professor, founded Kwanzaa following the Watts Riots, also known as the Watts Rebellion, in Los Angeles in 1965.

Karenga described Kwanzaa as a “politicalmotivator holiday” in an interview with Henry Lewis Gates Jr. for PBS.

Curtis Means/Pool Photo via AP

Luigi Mangione appears in Manhattan Criminal court for his arraignment on state murder and terror charges in the killing of UnitedHealthcare CEO Brian Thompson, Monday, Dec. 23, 2024, in New York. charges is life in prison without parole.

Prosecutors have said the two cases will proceed on parallel tracks, with the state charges expected to go to trial first.

One of Mangione’s attorneys told a judge that the “warring jurisdictions” had turned Mangione into a “human

MANGIONE

5

“The idea is for African and African descended people to come together around family, community and culture so we can be in spaces where, in Dr. Karenga’s words, we feel fully African and fully human at the same time,” said Janine Bell, president and artistic director at the Elegba Folklore Society in Richmond, Virginia.

The basics Many people who observe Kwanzaa, which is a secular holiday, celebrate it alongside religious festivals such as Christmas. People of any faith, race or ethnic background can participate.

The name Kwanzaa derives from “mutanda ya kwanza” a Swahili phrase meaning “first fruits” or “first

KWANZAA 5

How cities are reinventing the public-private partnership − 4 lessons from around the globe

By Debra Lam Founding Director of the Partnership for Inclusive Innovation, Enterprise Innovation Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology Cities tackle a vast array of responsibilities – from building transit networks to running schools – and sometimes they can use a little help. That’s why local governments have long teamed up with businesses in so-called public-private partnerships. Historically, these arrangements have helped cities fund big infrastructure projects such as bridges and hospitals.

However, our analysis and research show an emerging trend with local governments engaged in private-sector collaborations – what we have come to describe as “community-centered, publicprivate partnerships,” or CP3s.

Unlike traditional public-private partnerships, CP3s aren’t just about financial investments; they leverage relationships and trust. And they’re about more than just building infrastructure; they’re about building resilient

The man accused of fatally shooting the CEO of UnitedHealthcare pleaded not guilty on Monday to state murder and terror charges while his attorney complained that comments coming from New York’s mayor would make it tough to receive a fair trial.

Luigi Mangione, 26, was shackled and seated in a Manhattan court when he leaned over to a microphone to enter his plea. The Manhattan district attorney charged him last week with multiple counts of murder, including murder as an act of terrorism.

Mangione’s initial appearance in New York’s state trial court was preempted by federal prosecutors bringing their own charges over the shooting. The federal charges could carry the possibility of the death penalty, while the maximum sentence for the state

AP Photo/Paul Sancya, File

Former President Bill Clinton speaks during the Democratic National Convention, Aug. 21, 2024, in Chicago.

Bill Clinton is hospitalized with a fever but in good spirits, spokesperson says

Former President Bill Clinton was admitted Monday to MedStar Georgetown University Hospital in Washington after developing a fever.

The 78-year-old was hospitalized in the “afternoon for testing and observation,” Angel Urena, Clinton’s deputy chief of staff, said in a statement.

“He remains in good spirits and deeply appreciates

the excellent care he is receiving,” Urena said.

Clinton, a Democrat who served two terms as president from January 1993 until January 2001, addressed the Democratic National Convention in Chicago this summer, and campaigned ahead of November’s election for the unsuccessful White House bid of Democratic Vice President Kamala Harris.

CLINTON 5

Marianne Jean-Baptiste tests our limits of empathy in ‘Hard Truths’

By Jake Coyle AP Film Writer

iStockphotos

The Ruta N partnership in Medellín, Colombia, generated thousands of jobs. and

inclusive communities.

As the founding executive director of the Partnership for Inclusive Innovation, based out of the Georgia Institute of Technology, I’m fascinated with CP3s. And while not all CP3s are successful, when done right they offer local governments a powerful tool

to navigate the complexities of modern urban life.

Together with international climate finance expert Andrea Fernández of the urban climate leadership group C40, we analyzed communitycentered, public-private partnerships across the world and put together eight case studies. Together, they offer

valuable insights into how cities can harness the power of CP3s.

4 keys to success Although we looked at partnerships forged in different countries and contexts, we saw several elements emerge as critical to

PARTNERSHIP 5

Review

Darryl Harvey’s My Little Brothers

PAGE 9

Of all the movie protagonists you might have seen this year, none is quite like Marianne Jean-Baptiste’s Pansy in Mike Leigh’s “Hard Truths.”

Pansy, a middleaged woman in contemporary London, is foul-tempered from beginning to end. She spends her days in evident pain that she unleashes upon all those around her, including her husband Curtley (David Webber), her 20-something son Moses (Tuwaine Barrett) and most anyone else she encounters.

Her venom might fall on a supermarket cashier or a

furniture-shopping couple who dare to put their feet up on an ottoman. Heaven help the man who wants her parking spot.

For everyone, Pansy is a test.

She tests the patience and empathy of her family, just as she does the viewer. She’s not an antihero, she’s antieverything.

“The world is full of Pansys. People live with other people’s conditions,” JeanBaptiste says. “Often I’ve met people who have just been enraged, because you didn’t see them in the car park pulling into the space. You go: It can’t just be about me. How did you get that angry about something so stupid? You don’t know what

BAPTISTE

5

I2H

Joey Ellington - Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion Coach

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Page 4 • December 30, 2024 - January 5, 2025 • Insight News

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Sports Randy Moss survives his latest catch – conquering cancer with grit and gratitude Sports Editor

By Leahjean M. Denley, MBA Randy Moss, the Minnesota Vikings superstar and one of the most electrifying wide receivers in NFL history, has taken on a new opponent—and true to form, he is tackling it head-on. In late November, Moss announced he was stepping away from his ESPN broadcasting role, citing a “personal health challenge.”

Days later, he revealed the details: a cancer diagnosis that led to a six-day hospital stay and a life-saving surgery.

For Moss, this battle is another chapter in a life defined by overcoming challenges and inspiring others. From his early days as part of the Vikings’ dynamic “three deep” receiving corps, with legendary wide receivers Cris Carter and Jake Reed, to his journey through the NFL Hall of Fame, Moss has always acknowledged those who paved the way for him. Now, he is demonstrating the same kind of determination and gratitude as he tackles his toughest opponent yet.

Recently, during an emotional Instagram [IG] livestream [Live], the NFL Hall of Famer shared the incredible news with his fans: he is a “cancer survivor.” With his trademark

Justin Tan L Denley for Insight News Sports

MN Vikings Legends Jake Reed and Cris Carter resilience and humility, Moss detailed his journey – in two parts. First the diagnosis, bile duct cancer, also known as cholangiocarcinoma, which is a rare and aggressive cancer that forms in the bile ducts. Bile duct cancer occurs when malignant cells grow in the bile ducts, which are tubes that carry bile from the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine. Next, undergoing a complex six-hour surgery called the Whipple procedure. According to the Mayo Clinic, the Whipple procedure, also known as a pancreaticoduodenectomy, is a major surgical operation often performed to treat conditions like pancreatic cancer or other diseases affecting the pancreas and surrounding organs.

In sports terms, imagine a star athlete requiring extensive surgery to repair multiple injuries affecting different, but interconnected parts of their body—each step is intricate, interconnected, and essential to recovery.

Pancreaticoduodenectomy involves removing the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder, and part of the bile duct. In some instances, part of the stomach or nearby lymph nodes are also removed. It is akin to removing key elements from a playbook while ensuring the rest of the team—or, in this case, the body—continues to function seamlessly. Once the affected parts are removed,

ESPN Live

MN Vikings Receiver Justin Jefferson the surgeon reconfigures the digestive system by reconnecting the remaining pancreas, stomach, and bile duct to the small intestine. We can think of it as an elite head coach restructuring a game plan after losing a star player, ensuring the rest of the team operates effectively under the new conditions. This high-stakes surgery requires precision, endurance, and an expert “team” in the operating room, much like a championshipcaliber squad pulling together under pressure. While recovery can be extensive, patients can return to a high quality of life, just as athletes rehabilitate to return to peak performance.

Throughout this current journey, Moss has

remained grateful, taking time to thank his medical team by name and expressing heartfelt appreciation for the prayers and support he has received during his IG Live. His IG post, accompanied by the bold caption “Let’s Moss Cancer,” speaks volumes about his fighting spirit and determination to come out victorious.

As Randy Moss continues his fight, his message is clear: with determination, faith, and a supportive team, even the toughest battles can be won. True to his legendary style, Moss is not just enduring—he is overcoming, and in doing so, he is giving fans yet another reason to cheer. With Randy leading the charge, victory feels inevitable.

In the heartfelt words

Randy Moss MN Vikings of MN Vikings’ receiver, Justin Jefferson, on Monday Night Football against the Chicago Bears when he scored the game’s first touchdown and turned to the camera and declared, “We love you, Randy.

That’s for you!”

Insight News says, “LET’S MOSS CANCER!” Do you have a favorite Randy Moss moment or memory? We would love to hear from you.

Send an email to CoachLeah@ InsightNews.com to let us know.

Your email automatically enters you for a chance to win in our “Cheers to the New Year!” giveaway on New Year’s Day 2025.

AFC south champions lose more than a game to The Chiefs – Texans’ C.J. Stroud shows heart following Tank Dell’s season-ending injury Contributing Writer: Insight NewsSports

By Kim Davis, Host of “Chalk Talk” The Houston Texans lost more than a game Saturday afternoon at Arrowhead Stadium. While the Kansas City Chiefs edged out a 27-19 victory, the Texans showed they belonged on the field. The bigger story,

however, was the injuries that sidelined three starters: offensive lineman Shaq Mason (knee), safety Jimmie Ward (foot), and wide receiver, Tank Dell, whose standout performance ended abruptly with a devastating injury.

Dell’s injury occurred during a highlight-worthy 30-yard touchdown catch.

Sprinting across the back of the end zone, he secured the pass from C.J. Stroud, but collided with teammate Jared Wayne on his way to the ground. Dell, visibly in pain, was carted off

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the field and transported to a local hospital. He spent the night in Kansas City before returning to Houston, where tests revealed a dislocated knee and a torn ACL. Dell is out for the remainder of the 2024 season.

For Texans’ players, the scene was emotional. Stroud and others were visibly shaken as Dell lay on the field. Head coach DeMeco Ryans described the moment as a human reaction.

“You see your brother go down and get hurt in that way; it’s hard to bounce back,” Ryans said. “You see him, how distraught he was—it’s tough.

We care about each other.

Ryans added, “It’s not just about football. In that moment, the most important thing was making sure Tank was okay.”

That sentiment resonated in the Texans locker room after the game and into Monday as the team began preparing for their Christmas Day matchup against the Baltimore Ravens.

While the “next man up” mentality prevails, this team prides itself on its family-like culture. When one player hurts, they all feel it.

Stroud, however, faced criticism from some fans and pundits for his emotional response. Social media and talk radio lit up with comments calling him “soft” for showing raw emotion—because, after all, football players are supposed to be tough, right?

Asked about that display of emotion during Monday’s press conference, Stroud didn’t back down. “It wasn’t easy for me to sit there

Blair Caldwell/Parkwood Entertainment/Courtesy of the artist

Beyonce’ Giselle Knowles-Carter and be emotional, but it’s something we all go through in life,” Stroud said. “It’s easy to be a fake tough guy, to act like something doesn’t affect you, but deep down, we all know we’re going through something.”

Stroud believes his visible emotions are a positive.

“I was taught as a kid—not by my parents, but by the world—don’t let anybody see you emotional. Don’t let anybody see you down. And there’s some truth to that in certain aspects.” Stroud said.

He added, “But there’s also life. What God is doing in my life is softening my heart in so many ways. I wouldn’t have

reacted this way last year.”

This is the second consecutive season Dell has suffered a season-ending injury.

In 2023, he fractured his fibula after getting caught in a pile near the goal line. Again this season, Dell has been a key player for the Texans - ranking second on the team with 51 receptions for 667 yards and three touchdowns behind Nico Collins’ 909 yards and six scores.

Stroud and Dell share a deep bond. They are more than teammates, they are close friends who hold Bible study together twice a week. Stroud said, “Watching Dell endure another injury was heartbreaking, especially knowing how

much he had fought to return to the field at a high level.”

“This isn’t the end of the road for him—it’s just another bump,” Stroud said.

“There’s hope and always light at the end of the tunnel. Right now, he needs space to process everything, and we’ll be here for him when he’s ready.”

The AFC South champions looked to regroup as they hosted the Baltimore Ravens on Christmas Day at NRG Stadium. As a special holiday treat, during halftime of the Ravens-Texans game, the Netflix Christmas Day Halftime Show at NRG in Houston, TX, featured Beyoncé.

Timberwolves’ Edwards gets fined again, docked $75K by NBA for officiating complaints and profanity Minnesota Timberwolves star Anthony Edwards was fined $75,000 for public criticism of the officiating and using profane language, the NBA announced on Monday in his second such punishment this month.

Edwards sounded off on the officials after Minnesota’s 113-103 loss at home to Golden State on Sunday. The fifth-year guard was fined $25,000 by the league two weeks ago for postgame profanity following a win over the Warriors that wasn’t part of an officiating complaint.

AP Photo/Bruce Kluckhohn

Minnesota Timberwolves guard Anthony Edwards (5) goes to the basket against Golden State Warriors center Trayce JacksonDavis, left, in the third quarter of an NBA basketball game Saturday, Dec. 21, 2024, in Minneapolis.

This time, Edwards expressed frustration for what he has perceived as an imbalance of foul calls on him and his opponent.

“I get penalized for being stronger than my opponent,” he said. “So they give them the benefit of the doubt. They bump me the same way they bump everybody else, and I never get the call. I don’t know what’s got to go down, but something’s got to happen because that is terrible.”

AP NBA: https:// apnews.com/hub/NBA

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Insight News • December 30, 2024 - January 5, 2025 • Page 5 corn.

Kwanzaa From 3 harvest.” The final “a” was added to the name to accommodate the seven children present at the first Kwanzaa, each of whom was given a letter to represent.

The holiday is governed by seven principles, known collectively as the Nguzo Saba, and a different principle is celebrated each day: Umoja (Unity), Kujichagulia (Self-Determination), Ujima (Collective Work and Responsibility), Ujamaa (Cooperative Economics), Nia (Purpose), Kuumba (Creativity) and Imani (Faith).

The Nguzo Saba is represented by a candleholder with seven candles called a kinara. Each night, one of those candles is lit. The candles are the same colors as the Kwanzaa

Mangione From 3 ping-pong ball” and that New York City Mayor Eric Adams and other government officials had made him a political pawn, robbing him of his rights as a defendant and tainting the jury pool.

“I am very concerned about my client’s right to a fair trial,” lawyer Karen Friedman Agnifilo said.

Adams and Police Commissioner Jessica Tisch stood among a throng of heavily armed officers last Thursday when Mangione was flown to a Manhattan heliport and escorted up a pier after being extradited from Pennsylvania.

Friedman Agnifilo said police turned Mangione’s

Partnership From 3 success over and over again.

Clear mission and vision: It’s essential to have a mission that resonates with everyone involved. Ruta N in Medellín, Colombia, for example, transformed the city into a hub of innovation, attracting 471 technology companies and creating 22,500 jobs.

This vision wasn’t static. It evolved in response to changing local dynamics, including leadership priorities and broader global trends.

However, the core mission of

Clinton From 3

Baptiste From 3 they’re going through or how they got there.”

“Hard Truths,” which will open nationwide in theaters Jan. 10, never supplies any answers. Instead, it unfolds as a cantankerous character study, led by Jean-Baptiste’s compellingly prickly Pansy.

The performance has earned Jean-Baptiste her best reviews since her last film with Leigh: “Secrets & Lies,” nearly 30 years ago. For that film, Jean-Baptiste became the first Black British actress nominated for an Academy Award. Her performance in “Hard Truths” has been just as celebrated, earning best actress from both the New York Film Critics Circle and the Los Angeles Film Critics Association. Three decades later, Jean-Baptiste could be heading back to the Oscars.

“You sit down with Marianne a hundred years later from ‘Secrets and Lies,’ in which she played a very intelligent young woman, and Marianne has now moved on in life,” Leigh says. “We love each other because she’s very, very

Steven M. Falk/The Philadelphia Inquirer via AP, File

Jose F. Moreno/The Philadelphia Inquirer via AP, File

The African drummers play music after the lighting of boathouse row in honor of the Kwanzaa holiday, Dec. 26, 2018, in Philadelphia.

Philadelphians and visitors gather during the the lighting of the city’s first kinara on the first day of Kwanzaa celebrations at the Philadelphia City Hall grounds, Dec. 26, 2023.

“The intention is that it’s 365 (days a year),” Bell said.

“The need for the principles and the strengthening value of the principals don’t go away on January 2nd.”

Family celebrations also involve giving gifts and sharing African American and Pan African foods, culminating in the Karamu, a feast featuring dishes from across the African diaspora. Typical meals include staples of southern cuisine like sweet potato pie or popular dishes from Africa like jollof rice.

Activities over the seven days are geared toward reaffirming community bonds, commemorating the past and recommitting to important African cultural ideals. This can include dancing, reading poetry, honoring ancestors and the daily lighting of the kinara.

flag: Black representing the people, red their struggle and green their hope.

Large Kwanzaa celebrations happen across the country every year in cities including Los Angeles, Atlanta

and Detroit. These events often feature storytellers, music and dance.

Bell said the theme at this year’s Capital City Kwanzaa Festival in Richmond is “knowledge of self,” and an

African descendent will be selected by drawing a name from a fishbowl to win a free DNA test so they can learn where they come from.

The holiday is also observed in individual homes,

often focusing on children, because they are key to the survival of culture and the development of community.

This concept of children and the future they embody is often represented symbolically by

return to New York into a choreographed spectacle. She called out Adams’ comment to a local TV station that he wanted to be there to look “him in the eye and say, ‘you carried out this terroristic act in my city.’”

“He was on display for everyone to see in the biggest stage perp walk I’ve ever seen in my career. It was absolutely unnecessary,” she said.

She also accused federal and state prosecutors of advancing conflicting legal theories, calling their approach confusing and highly unusual.

In a statement, Adams spokesperson Kayla Mamelak Altus wrote: “Critics can say all they want, but showing up to support our law enforcement and sending the message to New Yorkers that violence and vitriol have no place in our city

is who Mayor Eric Adams is to his core.”

“The cold-blooded assassination of Brian Thompson — a father of two — and the terror it infused on the streets of New York City for days has since been sickeningly glorified, shining a spotlight on the darkest corners of the internet,” Mamelak Altus said.

State trial court Judge Gregory Carro said he has little control over what happens outside the courtroom, but can guarantee Mangione will receive a fair trial.

Authorities say Mangione gunned down Thompson as he was walking to an investor conference in midtown Manhattan on the morning of Dec 4.

Mangione was arrested in a Pennsylvania McDonald’s after a five-day

search, carrying a gun that matched the one used in the shooting and a fake ID, police said. He also was carrying a notebook expressing hostility toward the health insurance industry and especially wealthy executives, according to federal prosecutors.

At a news conference last week, Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg said the application of the terrorism law reflected the severity of a “frightening, well-planned, targeted murder that was intended to cause shock and attention and intimidation.”

“In its most basic terms, this was a killing that was intended to evoke terror,” he added.

Mangione is being held in a Brooklyn federal jail alongside several other highprofile defendants, including

Sean “Diddy” Combs and Sam Bankman-Fried.

During his court appearance Monday, he smiled at times when talking with his attorneys and stretched his right hand after an officer removed his cuffs.

Outside the courthouse, a few dozen supporters chanted, “Free Luigi,” over the blare of a trumpet.

Natalie Monarrez, a 55-year-old Staten Island resident, said she joined the demonstration because she lost both her mother and her life savings as a result of denied insurance claims.

“As extreme as it was, it jolted the conversation that we need to deal with this issue,” she said of the shooting. “Enough is enough, people are fed up.”

An Ivy-league

graduate from a prominent Maryland family, Mangione appeared to have cut himself off from family and friends in recent months. He posted frequently in online forums about his struggles with back pain. He was never a UnitedHealthcare client, according to the insurer.

Thompson, a married father of two high-schoolers, had worked at the giant UnitedHealth Group for 20 years and became CEO of its insurance arm in 2021.

The killing has prompted some to voice their resentment at U.S. health insurers, with Mangione serving as a stand-in for frustrations over coverage denials and hefty medical bills. It also has sent shockwaves through the corporate world, rattling executives who say they have received a spike in threats.

entrepreneurship, investment and innovation remained clear and was embraced by all key stakeholders, driving the partnership forward.

Diverse and engaged partners: Successful CP3s rely on the active involvement of a wide range of partners, each bringing their unique expertise and resources to the table. In the U.K., for example, the Hull netzero climate initiative featured a partnership that included more than 150 companies, many small and medium-size.

This diversity of partners was crucial to the initiative’s success because they could leverage resources and share risks, enabling it to address complex challenges from multiple angles.

Similarly, Malaysia’s

Think City engaged community-based organizations and vulnerable populations in its Penang climate adaptation program.

This ensured that the partnership was inclusive and responsive to the needs of all citizens.

Robust governance structure: Effective governance is key to ensuring that CP3s operate smoothly and achieve their objectives. For example, in Melbourne, Australia, the City Professorial Chair in Urban Resilience and Innovation includes representatives from the city and a university. It has a formal communication structure where research informs policy and vice versa. It aims to harness the research to better inform and guide policymaking

and in turn advance research by putting it into city practice.

In South Africa, the Gauteng City-Region Observatory bridges academia and government to drive urban development. Its governance structure, which includes a diverse board appointed by the province’s premier, ensures that the partnership remains focused and effective. It means that it goes beyond any one organization’s evolving agendas and leadership for longer-term community gains.

Commitment to innovation and growth: While we found that securing funding and in-kind support is important, demonstrating economic impact is crucial for the sustainability of CP3s.

Dublin’s Smart Docklands initiative is a prime example of this. By leveraging technology to address community needs, the partnership attracted over 3 million euros (US$3.1 million) in investments and quadrupled the project’s funding.

The initiative not only boosted Dublin’s connectivity and tech infrastructure but also addressed public safety through solutions such as smart ring buoys. The buoys are life preservers with sensors to alert the city when its buoys are tampered with or stolen.

The case studies show that CP3s can be a globally applicable model for urban development, not merely a passing trend. By fostering

collective action, sharing risks and leveraging multiple sources of funding, CP3s can be a powerful tool for cities navigating the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century.

This article was updated on Dec. 17, 2024, to correct an erroneous currency conversion.

Debra Lam does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.

In the years since Clinton left the White House, he’s faced some health scares.

In 2004, he underwent quadruple bypass surgery after experiencing prolonged chest pains and shortness of breath.

Clinton returned to the hospital for surgery for a partially collapsed lung in 2005, and in 2010 he had a pair of stents implanted in a coronary artery.

Clinton responded by embracing a largely vegan diet

that saw him lose weight and report improved health.

In 2021, the former president was hospitalized for six days in California while being treated for an infection that was unrelated to

COVID-19, when the pandemic was still near its height.

An aide to the former president said then that Clinton had a urological infection that spread to his bloodstream, but was on the mend and never went

into septic shock, a potentially life-threatening condition. The aide said Clinton was in an intensive care section of the hospital that time, but wasn’t receiving ICU care.

funny. So sitting down with her ability to be real and profound but also grotesque, that, alone, points me in the direction of possibility.”

Making a film with Leigh, the 81-year-old humanist master of “Naked,” “Vera Drake” and “Mr. Turner,” isn’t a typical process. There’s no script to begin with, just an invitation.

“It was the usual: Let’s do a film,” says JeanBaptiste. “Don’t know anything, but let’s do it.”

Leigh pulls his characters and storyline out of months of rehearsal. In the case of “Hard Truths,” they rehearsed for three months — somewhat short for Leigh (it was six months for “Secrets & Lies”), but extremely lengthy for today’s movie industry.

“Normally you get on set it’s like, ‘Uh, this is Ralph.

He’ll be playing your husband.

You’ll stand over there,’” says Jean-Baptiste.

In Leigh’s manner of rehearsal, they begin with a character’s first memory, and then flesh out their life all the way up until the time period of the film. But there are parallel histories for other characters that require constantly going back through and recontextualizing.

Meanwhile, costume designers

and production designers await clarity on what kind of clothes and homes they should craft.

“All the decisions about the character that you can make, the actor makes them,” says Jean-Baptiste. “Any of the decisions that God makes for somebody’s life, he makes them.

So it’s like: She wants this job, so she applies. A letter arrives in the mail: Unfortunately you did not get it.”

Jean-Baptiste was a recent drama school graduate, classically trained and oriented toward theater, when she costarred in 1996’s “Secrets & Lies.” It was her breakthrough.

A few years after that film, she moved to Los Angeles, where she’s been since, acting in a wide variety of projects including the TV series “Without a Trace,” “Blindspot” and “Homecoming.” Asked if her collaboration with Leigh had changed from “Secrets & Lies,” Jean-Baptiste said much was the same.

“Obviously we’re a lot older,” she says, smiling. “I think we just slipped right back into it. He was gentler.”

Part of what makes Jean-Baptiste’s performance as Pansy so uncanny is how unlike Pansy she is. Jean-Baptiste is charismatic, laughs frequently and enjoys throwing herself into

uncertain circumstances (like “Hard Truths”). Asked if she has anything in common with Pansy, she replies, with a laugh, “I hope not.”

“I have a sense of humor she doesn’t, although she’s really funny,” JeanBaptiste says. “I think I recognize that part of myself to the extent that I’m like: That’s not how I want to live. That’s not how I want to be.”

But in Pansy, JeanBaptiste recognized people she knows, and the kind of character that seldom makes it onto movie screens. “A difficult Black woman, you don’t see that,” she says. “I don’t think I ever have.”

In “Hard Truths,” the root of Pansy’s depression is uncertain, but a sense of festering wounds from the past is palpable. When she speaks to a doctor, she sums it up: “The heart of the matter is me head.”

Later, when asked why she can’t enjoy life, she replies, “I don’t know.” Jean-Baptiste, in mapping out Pansy’s history, has some theories about what’s made her this way.

“She had a number of issues that went unaddressed and found coping mechanisms to get through life,” says JeanBaptiste. “I think a lot of people are undiagnosed with things and

AP Photo/Chris Pizzello

Marianne Jean-Baptiste, a cast member in the film “Hard Truths,” poses for a portrait during the Toronto International Film Festival, Saturday, Sept. 7, 2024, in Toronto. just make do. Maybe she’s one of those.”

“The fear,” she adds.

“It was the fear that I focused on the most. She attacks before anyone can attack her, and she thinks everyone is attacking her.”

But Pansy’s specific diagnosis isn’t the point of “Hard Truths.” It’s much more about how her family and the outside world react to her. She might be pushing everyone away, but it’s clear she’s in urgent need of something.

“I want so desperately for someone to help Pansy,” Jean-Baptiste says. “I think it would be very convenient to go,

‘She’s got this mental illness or that’s what’s wrong with her.’

But what’s more interesting is that we don’t actually know and she’s just in pain.”

“Hard Truths” ultimately ends in a kind of cliffhanger, with Pansy and her family locked in stasis. If Pansy tests the boundaries of empathy an audience might feel for a character, it’s a moment of truth: Does Pansy go to her husband or refuse to budge?

Jean-Baptiste wants to believe in her.

“I’d like to think that she goes, I do, because I like her,” Jean-Baptiste says. “I like Pansy. I gotta look out for her.”

Page 6 •December December30, 30,2024 2024--January January06, 5, 2025 2025• Insight News

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Minnesota Justice Research Center (MJRC) Executive Director Justin Terrell focuses on best practices.

Defendiendo valores, construyendo puentes: fortaleciendo nuestras alianzas mediante conversaciones previas al juicio Por Alejandro Caceres-Aranda Translation by Macdonald Anyanwu, Afrodescendientes

Spanish Text Parte 1 de 2 Alejandro es asistente de políticas en el Centro de Investigación de Justicia de Minnesota.

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research to create a forum is crucial WR FUHDWH EHVW SROLF\ RXWFRPHV IRU Minnesota. Ensuring that it allows various stakeholders to be a part of the ongoing consensus building for a more equitable criminal justice V\VWHP LV WKH PLVVLRQ IRU 7KH Minnesota Justice Research Center.

In October, the Minnesota Justice 5HVHDUFK &HQWHU WRRN D VLJQL¿FDQW VWHS IRUZDUG E\ EULQJLQJ LQ D GLYHUVH group of stakeholders together at the St. Thomas Law School and the Center of the American Experiment to tackle some of the challenges Minnesota faces in its justice V\VWHP The Minnesota Legislature WDVNHG XV ZLWK VWXG\LQJ SUHWULDO best practices nationwide DQG IRUPXODWLQJ SROLF\ recommendations based on our ¿QGLQJV 2QH RI WKH NH\ LVVXHV ZLWK the pretrial process in Minnesota is WKH FDVK EDLO V\VWHP 2XU UHVHDUFK examines the state’s current pretrial practices, with attention WR WKH EDUULHUV FUHDWHG E\ WKH FDVK EDLO V\VWHP %\ UHVHDUFKLQJ ZKDW

other states have done and what’s ZRUNHG IRU WKHP²PRVW UHFHQWO\ WKH VXFFHVVHV RI 1HZ -HUVH\¶V bail reform—we are developing proposals that will improve 0LQQHVRWD¶V FULPLQDO OHJDO V\VWHP .H\ 7DNHDZD\V RQ 3UHWULDO Best Practices: Hold for Pretrial Listening Session In October, the Minnesota Justice Research Center, in collaboration with the Center of the American Experiment, hosted a listening session and a presentation on pretrial practices to an audience of legislators, law enforcement R൶FHUV SROLF\PDNHUV DQG MXGJHV :LWK KHOS IURP RXU 3ROLF\ 'LUHFWRU :LOO &RROH\ DQG RXU SDUWQHUV DW $UQROG 9HQWXUHV ZH KRVWHG NH\ OHDGHUVKLS IURP 1HZ -HUVH\ ZKR SUHYLRXVO\ ZRUNHG LQ *RYHUQRU Chris Christie’s administration.

7KH\ UHODWHG WKHLU H[SHULHQFHV ZLWK WKH SROLF\ LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ RI eliminating cash bail and replacing LW ZLWK D IDLUHU VDIHU V\VWHP MNJRC’s Research Director Dr. Katie Remington

&XQQLQJKDP NLFNHG R൵ WKH OLVWHQLQJ session with an overview of our research alongside Constitutional considerations essential for pretrial LPSURYHPHQWV 7KH ¿QGLQJV indicated that Minnesota needs a constitutional amendment to UH¿QH WKH SURFHVV DQG HVWDEOLVK an “intentional detain and release mechanism,” and to address the economic disparities associated with cash bail.

A critical aspect of pretrial reform is addressing conditional release. For example, some FRPPXQLW\ PHPEHUV TXHVWLRQ the choice between cash bail and following conditional terms, noting that an extended hearing SURFHVV RIWHQ EXUGHQV WKH V\VWHP 7KH GL൶FXOW\ LQ DVVHVVLQJ ULVN DFFXUDWHO\ ZDV DOVR GLVFXVVHG ZLWK FRXQWLHV OLNH +HQQHSLQ DOUHDG\ piloting risk assessment tools. ,QVLJKWV IURP 1HZ -HUVH\¶V Bail Reform The pretrial listening session DOVR IHDWXUHG IRUPHU $WWRUQH\ *HQHUDO -H൵UH\ &KLHVD¶V LQVLJKWV

RQ 1HZ -HUVH\¶V EDLO UHIRUP ZKLFK pioneered a risk-based approach. In 1HZ -HUVH\ VKLIWHG IURP FDVK EDLO WR IRFXV RQ SXEOLF VDIHW\ DQG HTXLW\ VXSSRUWHG E\ D YRWHU endorsement of a constitutional amendment. Results have been compelling: the non-violent R൵HQGHU MDLO SRSXODWLRQ GHFUHDVHG from 12% to 0.02%, and court attendance jumped from 92% to 97%.

The reform received bipartisan support and, as I was listening, I was quite impressed ZLWK WKH 1HZ -HUVH\ H[SHUWV 7KH\ ZHUHQ¶W KHUH WR VHOO XV RQ DQ\ LGHDV WKH\ ZHUH MXVW LQIRUPLQJ XV RQ WKHLU own experiences with bail reform.

When a Minnesota legislator asked, “What is the point of all of this when Minnesota has some of the lowest incarceration rates nationwide?”, ZLWK JUDFH RQH RI WKH 1HZ -HUVH\ H[SHUWV UHSOLHG ³2QO\ 0LQQHVRWDQV can make that determination. :H DUH PHUHO\ KHUH VSHDNLQJ from experience and background NQRZOHGJH LQ 1HZ -HUVH\ ´

Mantendo valores, construindo pontes: fortalecendo nossas parcerias por meio de conversas pré-julgamento Por Alejandro Caceres-Aranda Translation by Macdonald Anyanwu, Afrodescendientes

Portuguese Text Parte 1 de 2 Alejandro é um Assistente de Políticas no Minnesota Justice Research Center.

Minha experiência pessoal com a formulação de políticas tem sido dar destaque a vozes VXE UHSUHVHQWDGDV H DPSOL¿FDU suas vozes por meio de partes interessadas importantes. Meus pais imigraram da Colômbia para os EUA e me ensinaram a importância do trabalho duro e da perseverança.

Recebemos muita ajuda e apoio de nossa comunidade ao longo do caminho. Meus pais enfatizaram a importância de retribuir à comunidade e dar um bom exemplo SDUD QRVVRV MRYHQV $PSOL¿FDU DV vozes de jovens líderes BIPOC tem sido uma luta contínua para mim e é algo que defendo fortemente.

Aprendi que construir laços fortes com nossas comunidades é a parte

PDLV FUXFLDO SDUD FRQVWUXLU FRQ¿DQoD entre nossas partes interessadas.

Quando comecei minha carreira em políticas públicas, a primeira sessão legislativa da qual participei foi a histórica sessão legislativa de 2023. Testemunhei em primeira mão parcerias bipartidárias entre várias partes interessadas que, QR ¿QDO GDV FRQWDV OHYDUDP D XPD das sessões legislativas mais bemsucedidas da história de Minnesota.

Além de todas as novas políticas que foram implementadas durante aquela sessão, senti um senso de pertencimento. Os esforços de Minnesota para criar uma geração mais inclusiva e diversa de formuladores de políticas estão melhorando constantemente; há poder em preparar nossos futuros formuladores de políticas para causar impacto em ambos os lados do corredor.

Construir parcerias bipartidárias e apresentar pesquisas para criar um fórum é crucial para criar os melhores resultados políticos para Minnesota. Garantir que isso permita que várias partes interessadas façam parte da construção de consenso contínua

para um sistema de justiça criminal mais equitativo é a missão do Minnesota Justice Research Center.

Em outubro, o Minnesota Justice Research Center deu um passo VLJQL¿FDWLYR DR UHXQLU XP JUXSR GLYHUVL¿FDGR GH SDUWHV LQWHUHVVDGDV na St. Thomas Law School e no Center of the American Experiment SDUD HQIUHQWDU DOJXQV GRV GHVD¿RV que Minnesota enfrenta em seu sistema de justiça.

A Legislatura de Minnesota nos encarregou de estudar as melhores práticas pré-julgamento em todo o país e formular recomendações de políticas com base em nossas descobertas.

Uma das principais questões com o processo pré-julgamento em 0LQQHVRWD p R VLVWHPD GH ¿DQoD em dinheiro. Nossa pesquisa examina as práticas pré-julgamento atuais do estado, com atenção às barreiras criadas pelo sistema de ¿DQoD HP GLQKHLUR $R SHVTXLVDU R TXH RXWURV HVWDGRV ¿]HUDP H R que funcionou para eles — mais recentemente os sucessos da UHIRUPD GD ¿DQoD GH 1RYD -HUVH\ ² estamos desenvolvendo propostas que melhorarão o sistema jurídico

criminal de Minnesota.

Principais conclusões sobre as melhores práticas préjulgamento: aguarde a sessão de audiência pré-julgamento Em outubro, o Minnesota Justice Research Center, em colaboração com o Center of the American Experiment, organizou uma sessão de audição e uma apresentação sobre práticas préjulgamento para um público de legisladores, policiais, formuladores de políticas e juízes. Com a ajuda do nosso Diretor de Políticas, Will &RROH\ H QRVVRV SDUFHLURV QD $UQROG Ventures, recebemos lideranças LPSRUWDQWHV GH 1RYD -HUVH\ TXH trabalharam anteriormente na administração do governador Chris Christie. Eles relataram suas experiências com a implementação GD SROtWLFD GH HOLPLQDomR GD ¿DQoD em dinheiro e sua substituição por um sistema mais justo e seguro.

A Diretora de Pesquisa do MNJRC, Dra. Katie Remington Cunningham, deu início à sessão de audição com uma visão geral da nossa pesquisa juntamente com considerações constitucionais essenciais para melhorias pré-

julgamento.

As descobertas indicaram que Minnesota precisa de uma emenda constitucional para UH¿QDU R SURFHVVR H HVWDEHOHFHU um “mecanismo intencional de detenção e liberação” e para abordar as disparidades econômicas DVVRFLDGDV j ¿DQoD HP GLQKHLUR Um aspecto crítico da reforma pré-julgamento é abordar a liberação condicional. Por exemplo, alguns membros da comunidade TXHVWLRQDP D HVFROKD HQWUH ¿DQoD em dinheiro e seguir termos condicionais, observando que um processo de audiência estendido geralmente sobrecarrega o sistema. $ GL¿FXOGDGH HP DYDOLDU ULVFRV com precisão também foi discutida, com condados como Hennepin já testando ferramentas de avaliação de riscos.

Insights da Reforma da )LDQoD GH 1RYD -HUVH\ A sessão de audiência préjulgamento também contou com os insights do ex-procurador-geral -H൵UH\ &KLHVD VREUH D UHIRUPD GD ¿DQoD GH 1RYD -HUVH\ TXH foi pioneira em uma abordagem baseada em risco. Em 2014, Nova -HUVH\ PXGRX GD ¿DQoD HP GLQKHLUR

para se concentrar na segurança pública e equidade, apoiada por um endosso de 62% dos eleitores de uma emenda constitucional. Os resultados foram convincentes: a população carcerária de infratores não violentos diminuiu de 12% para 0,02%, e o comparecimento ao tribunal saltou de 92% para 97%.

A reforma recebeu apoio bipartidário e, enquanto eu ouvia, ¿TXHL EDVWDQWH LPSUHVVLRQDGR com os especialistas de Nova -HUVH\ (OHV QmR HVWDYDP DTXL SDUD nos vender nenhuma ideia, eles estavam apenas nos informando sobre suas próprias experiências FRP D UHIRUPD GD ¿DQoD 4XDQGR um legislador de Minnesota perguntou: “Qual é o sentido de tudo isso quando Minnesota tem algumas das menores taxas de encarceramento do país?”, com elegância, um dos especialistas de 1RYD -HUVH\ UHVSRQGHX ³6RPHQWH os habitantes de Minnesota podem fazer essa determinação. Estamos aqui apenas falando por experiência e conhecimento prévio em Nova -HUVH\ ´

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Insight NewsDecember • December 2024 - January 2025 • Page 7 30,30, 2024 - January 06,5, 2025

Maintenir les valeurs, construire des ponts : renforcer nos partenariats grâce à des conversations préalables au procès Par Alejandro Caceres-Aranda Translation by Macdonald Anyanwu, Afrodescendientes

French Text Partie 1 sur 2 Alejandro est assistant politique au Minnesota Justice Research Center.

Mon expérience personnelle en matière d’élaboration de politiques a consisté à mettre en lumière les voix sous-représentées HW j DPSOL¿HU OHXUV YRL[ SDU l’intermédiaire des principales parties prenantes. Mes parents ont immigré aux États-Unis depuis la Colombie et m’ont appris l’importance du travail acharné et de la persévérance. Nous avons reçu beaucoup d’aide et de soutien de la part de notre communauté tout au long de notre parcours. Mes parents ont souligné l’importance de redonner à la communauté et de donner le bon exemple à nos MHXQHV $PSOL¿HU OD YRL[ GHV MHXQHV leaders BIPOC a été pour moi un combat permanent et c’est quelque chose que je défends avec ardeur.

J’ai appris que l’établissement de liens solides avec nos communautés

est la partie la plus cruciale pour LQVWDXUHU OD FRQ¿DQFH HQWUH QRV parties prenantes.

Au début de ma carrière dans le domaine des politiques publiques, la première session législative à laquelle j’ai participé a été la session législative historique de 2023. J’ai été témoin de première main de partenariats bipartites entre diverses parties prenantes TXL RQW ¿QDOHPHQW FRQGXLW j O¶XQH des sessions législatives les plus réussies de l’histoire du Minnesota.

Outre toutes les nouvelles politiques mises en œuvre au cours de cette session, j’ai ressenti un sentiment G¶DSSDUWHQDQFH /HV H൵RUWV du Minnesota pour créer une génération de décideurs politiques SOXV LQFOXVLYH HW SOXV GLYHUVL¿pH V¶DPpOLRUHQW UpJXOLqUHPHQW LO \ D du pouvoir à mettre en place nos futurs décideurs politiques pour avoir un impact des deux côtés de l’allée.

La création de partenariats bipartites et la présentation de recherches pour créer un forum sont essentielles pour créer les meilleurs résultats politiques pour le Minnesota. Veiller à ce qu’il permette à diverses parties prenantes de participer à la

construction continue du consensus SRXU XQ V\VWqPH GH MXVWLFH SpQDOH plus équitable est la mission du Minnesota Justice Research Center.

En octobre, le Minnesota Justice Research Center a fait un grand pas en avant en réunissant un groupe GLYHUVL¿p GH SDUWLHV SUHQDQWHV j OD St. Thomas Law School et au Center of the American Experiment pour UHOHYHU FHUWDLQV GHV Gp¿V DX[TXHOV le Minnesota est confronté dans son V\VWqPH MXGLFLDLUH La législature du Minnesota nous a chargé d’étudier les meilleures pratiques en matière de mise en liberté provisoire à l’échelle nationale et de formuler des recommandations politiques basées sur nos conclusions. L’un des principaux problèmes du processus de mise en liberté provisoire DX 0LQQHVRWD HVW OH V\VWqPH GH caution en espèces. Notre recherche examine les pratiques actuelles de l’État en matière de mise en liberté provisoire, en prêtant attention aux REVWDFOHV FUppV SDU OH V\VWqPH GH caution en espèces. En recherchant ce que d’autres États ont fait et ce qui a fonctionné pour eux (plus récemment les succès de la réforme de la mise en liberté provisoire GX 1HZ -HUVH\ QRXV pODERURQV

des propositions qui amélioreront OH V\VWqPH MXULGLTXH SpQDO GX Minnesota.

Principaux points à retenir sur les meilleures pratiques en matière de mise en liberté provisoire Organisez une séance d’écoute préalable au procès en Octobre, le Minnesota Justice Research Center, en collaboration avec le Center of the American Experiment, a organisé une séance d’écoute et une présentation sur les pratiques préalables au procès devant un public de législateurs, d’agents des forces de l’ordre, de décideurs politiques et de juges.

Avec l’aide de notre directeur des SROLWLTXHV :LOO &RROH\ HW GH QRV partenaires d’Arnold Ventures, nous avons accueilli des dirigeants FOpV GX 1HZ -HUVH\ TXL RQW GpMj travaillé dans l’administration du gouverneur Chris Christie. Ils ont fait part de leurs expériences avec la mise en œuvre de la politique visant à éliminer la caution en espèces et j OD UHPSODFHU SDU XQ V\VWqPH SOXV juste et plus sûr.

La directrice de recherche du MNJRC, le Dr Katie Remington Cunningham, a lancé la séance d’écoute en présentant un aperçu de nos recherches ainsi que des

considérations constitutionnelles essentielles aux améliorations préalables au procès. Les résultats ont indiqué que le Minnesota avait besoin d’un amendement FRQVWLWXWLRQQHO SRXU D൶QHU OH processus et établir un “mécanisme de détention et de libération intentionnelles”, et pour remédier aux disparités économiques associées à la caution en espèces.

Un aspect essentiel de la réforme préalable au procès est la question de la libération conditionnelle.

Par exemple, certains membres de la communauté remettent en question le choix entre la caution en espèces et le respect des conditions conditionnelles, notant qu’un processus d’audience prolongé alourdit souvent le V\VWqPH /D GL൶FXOWp G¶pYDOXHU OHV risques avec précision a également été évoquée, des comtés comme Hennepin testant déjà des outils d’évaluation des risques.

Aperçus de la réforme de la libération sous caution dans le New -HUVH\ La séance d’écoute préalable au procès a également permis de recueillir les points de vue de O¶DQFLHQ SURFXUHXU JpQpUDO -H൵UH\ Chiesa sur la réforme de la caution

GX 1HZ -HUVH\ TXL D pWp OH SLRQQLHU d’une approche basée sur le risque.

(Q OH 1HZ -HUVH\ HVW SDVVp GH la caution en espèces à une approche axée sur la sécurité publique et l’équité, soutenue par un soutien de 62 % des électeurs à un amendement constitutionnel. Les résultats ont été convaincants : la population carcérale des délinquants non violents est passée de 12 % à 0,02 %, et la fréquentation des tribunaux est passée de 92 % à 97 %.

La réforme a reçu un soutien bipartisan et, pendant que j’écoutais, j’ai été très impressionné par les H[SHUWV GX 1HZ -HUVH\ ,OV Q¶pWDLHQW pas là pour nous vendre des idées, ils nous informaient simplement de leurs propres expériences en matière de réforme de la caution. Lorsqu’un législateur du Minnesota a demandé : “Quel est l’intérêt de tout cela alors que le Minnesota a l’un des taux d’incarcération les plus bas du SD\V "´ DYHF JUkFH O¶XQ GHV H[SHUWV GX 1HZ -HUVH\ D UpSRQGX ³6HXOV les Minnesotans peuvent prendre cette décision. Nous parlons ici simplement de notre expérience et de nos connaissances du contexte GX 1HZ -HUVH\

Kor u qaadida qiyamka, Dhisida Buundooyinka: Xoojinta iskaashiyadayada iyada oo loo marayo wada hadal horudhac ah Waxaa qoray Alejandro Caceres-Aranda Translation by Macdonald Anyanwu, Afrodescendientes

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Kudumisha Maadili, Kujenga Madaraja: Kuimarisha Ushirikiano Wetu Kupitia Mazungumzo ya Kabla ya Jaribio Na Alejandro Caceres-Aranda Translation by Macdonald Anyanwu, Afrodescendientes

Swahili Text Sehemu ya 1 ya 2 Alejandro ni Msaidizi wa 6HUD NDWLND .LWXR FKD 8WD¿WL ZD Haki cha Minnesota.

WUzoefu wangu wa kibinafsi wa kuunda sera umekuwa kuangazia sauti zisizo na uwakilishi mdogo na kukuza sauti zao kupitia washikadau wakuu. Wazazi wangu walihamia U.S kutoka Colombia na NXQLIXQGLVKD XPXKLPX ZD NXIDQ\D kazi kwa bidii na ustahimilivu.

Tulipata usaidizi na usaidizi PZLQJL NXWRND NZD MXPXL\D \HWX njiani. Wazazi wangu walisisitiza XPXKLPX ZD NXUXGLVKD Q\XPD kwa jamii na kuweka mfano mzuri kwa vijana wetu. Kupaza sauti za viongozi vijana wa BIPOC LPHNXZD YLWD LQD\RHQGHOHD NZDQJX na ni jambo ambalo ninalitetea sana. Nimejifunza kwamba kujenga uhusiano imara na jamii zetu ni VHKHPX PXKLPX ]DLGL \D NXMHQJD

imani miongoni mwa wadau wetu.

1LOLSRDQ]D ND]L \DQJX \D VHUD \D XPPD NLNDR FKD NZDQ]D cha sheria ambacho niliwahi kushiriki kilikuwa kikao cha kihistoria cha 2023. Nilishuhudia XVKLULNLDQR ZD SDQGH PELOL NDWL \D ZDGDX PEDOLPEDOL DPEDR KDWLPD\H XOLSHOHNHD PRMD \D YLNDR Y\D VKHULD YLOLY\RIDQLNLZD ]DLGL NDWLND KLVWRULD \D 0LQQHVRWD .DQGR QD VHUD ]RWH PS\D DPED]R ]LOLWHNHOH]ZD wakati wa kikao hicho, nilihisi kuhusishwa. Jitihada za Minnesota za kutengeneza kizazi shirikishi zaidi na tofauti cha watunga sera zinaboreka kwa kasi; kuna uwezo katika kusanidi watunga sera wetu wa siku zijazo ili kuleta athari kwa pande zote mbili za mkondo.

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kuwa Minnesota inahitaji PDUHNHELVKR \D NDWLED LOL NXERUHVKD mchakato na kuanzisha “utaratibu wa kuzuilia na kuachiliwa kwa makusudi,” na kushughulikia tofauti za kiuchumi zinazohusiana QD GKDPDQD \D SHVD WDVOLPX Kipengele muhimu cha PDJHX]L \D NDEOD \D NHVL QL kushughulikia kutolewa kwa PDVKDUWL .ZD PIDQR EDDGKL \D ZDQDMDPLL ZDQDKRML FKDJXR NDWL \D GKDPDQD \D SHVD WDVOLPX QD NXIXDWD PDVKDUWL \D PDVKDUWL ZDNLEDLQLVKD kuwa mchakato wa kusikilizwa kwa PXGD PUHIX PDUD Q\LQJL KXOHPHD mfumo. Ugumu wa kutathmini hatari kwa usahihi pia ulijadiliwa, huku kaunti kama Hennepin WD\DUL ]LNLIDQ\LD PDMDULELR ]DQD ]D kutathmini hatari.

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Awon iye Igbega, Awon Afara Ilé: Fikun Awon ajosepo wa Nipase Awon ibaraenisoro Pretrial Nipa Alejandro Caceres-Aranda Translation By Macdonald Anyanwu, Afrodescendientes

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Page 8 • December 30, 2024 - January 5, 2025 • Insight News

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Insight News • December 30, 2024 - January 5, 2025 • Page 9

Darryl Harvey’s My Little Brothers Answers to Puzzle

Sharing Our Stories

From 2

G L O R Y A W A R D N A A C P K O R E A D W A S H I N G T O N I O O O O V E R N O N N A T S G O D A L R F E N C E S F I R E R E S E E T R A I N I N G D A Y E R A S E S E V E N R O M A N O B E S E

By W.D. Foster-Graham Book Review Editor MY LITTLE BROTHERS

By Darryl Harvey Illustrated by Ananta Mohanta A new year is here, and I like to acknowledge the Black men who have written children’s books. The need is great, and I thank you for stepping up and sharing your stories and your literary gifts. Today I have the honor of sharing with you Darryl Harvey’s My Little Brothers.

Keith and Andre are the little brothers in Harvey’s story. He shares with us the activities they enjoy, the time they share together, how they mimic what their big brother does. They don’t always get along, but they make up, make peace, and move on.

Our big brother knows the responsibility he has for his little brothers, and at the end of the day, they are always there for each other.

And I like the little twist at the end of the story, a story in which I must give Ananta Mohanta the props for the wonderful illustrations.

Harvey’s forward sums this up beautifully: “Being a big brother is a special responsibility.

You are a teacher, a protector and a role model. You are looked up to, respected, and at the flip of a dime rebelled

against and fought. You don’t always get a ‘thank you,’ but you do get a love that you know is there. It’s the toughest job you’ll ever love. It has been the joy of my life to be a big brother and have the best younger

ROBERT GLASPER

brothers in the world.”

Darryl Harvey is the founder of both the Chicago Black Authors Network and the Black Child Book Fair.

My Little Brothers is available through Harvey Writers Group and his

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As one big brother to another, Darryl, I give you a hat tip.

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Page 10 • December 30, 2024 - January 5, 2025 • Insight News

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Insight 2 Health Infectious diseases killed Victorian children at alarming rates — their novels highlight the fragility of public health today

By Andrea Kaston Tange Professor of English, Macalester College Modern medicine has enabled citizens of wealthy, industrialized nations to forget that children once routinely died in shocking numbers. Teaching 19th-century English literature, I regularly encounter gutting depictions of losing a child, and I am reminded that not knowing the emotional cost of widespread child mortality is a luxury.

In the first half of the 19th century, between 40% and 50% of children in the U.S. didn’t live past the age of 5. While overall child mortality was somewhat lower in the U.K., the rate remained near 50% through the early 20th century for children living in the poorest slums.

Threats from disease were extensive. Tuberculosis killed an estimated 1 in 7 people in the U.S. and Europe, and it was the leading cause of death in the U.S. in the early decades of the 19th century.

Smallpox killed 80% of the children it infected. The high fatality rate of diphtheria and the apparent randomness of its onset caused panic in the press when the disease emerged in the U.K. in the late 1850s.

Multiple technologies now prevent epidemic spread of these and other oncecommon childhood illnesses, including polio, tetanus, whooping cough, measles, scarlet fever and cholera.

Closed sewers protect drinking water from fecal contamination. Pasteurization kills tuberculosis, diphtheria,

typhoid and other diseasecausing organisms in milk.

Federal regulations stopped purveyors from adulterating foods with the chalk, lead, alum, plaster and even arsenic once used to improve the color, texture or density of inferior products. Vaccines created herd immunity to slow disease spread, and antibiotics offer cures to many bacterial illnesses.

As a result of these sanitary, regulatory and medical advances, child mortality rates have sat below 1% in the U.S. and U.K. for the last 30 years.

Victorian novels chronicle the terrible grief of losing children. Depicting the cruelty of diseases largely unfamiliar today, they also warn against being lulled into thinking that child deaths can never be inevitable again.

Routine death meant relentless grief Novels tapped into communal fears as they mourned fictional children.

Little Nell, the angelic figure at the center of Charles Dickens’ wildly popular “The Old Curiosity Shop,” fades away from an unnamed illness over the last few installments of this serialized novel. When the ship carrying the printed pages with the final part of the story pulled into New York, people apparently shouted from the docks, asking if she had survived. The public investment in, and grief over, her death reflects a shared experience of helplessness: No amount of love can save a child’s life.

Eleven-year-old Anne Shirley of “Green Gables” fame became a hero for pulling 3-year-old Minnie

May through a dramatic battle with diphtheria. Readers knew this as a horrendous illness in which a membrane blocks the throat so effectively that a child will gasp to death.

Children were familiar with disease risks.

While typhus runs rampant in “Jane Eyre,” killing nearly half the girls at their charity school, 13-year-old Helen Burns is struggling against tuberculosis.

Ten-year-old Jane is filled with horror at the possible loss of the only person who has ever truly cared for her.

An entire chapter deals frankly and emotionally with all this dying. Jane cannot bear separation from quarantined Helen and seeks her out one night, filled with “the dread of seeing a corpse.” In the chill of a Victorian bedroom, she slips under Helen’s blankets and tries to stifle her own sobs as Helen is overtaken with coughing. A teacher discovers them the next morning: “my face against Helen Burns’s shoulder, my arms round her neck. I was asleep, and Helen was – dead.”

The disconcerting image of a child nestled in sleep against another child’s corpse may seem unrealistic. But it is very like the mid-19th-century memento photographs taken of deceased children surrounded by their living siblings. The specter of death, such scenes remind us, lay at the center of Victorian childhood.

Fiction was not worse than fact Victorian periodicals and personal writings remind us that death being common did not make it less tragic.

Darwin agonized

Thomas Worth via George P. Landow/Victorian Web

Thomas Worth’s 1872 illustration for the Household Edition of The Old Curiosity Shop highlights her grandfather’s grief at losing Little Nell. at losing “the joy of the Household,” when his 10-yearold daughter Annie succumbed to tuberculosis in 1851.

The weekly magazine “Household Words” reported the 1853 death of a 3-yearold from typhoid fever in a London slum contaminated by an open cesspool. But better housing was no guarantee against waterborne infection.

President Abraham Lincoln was “convulsed” and “unnerved,” his wife “inconsolable,” watching their son Willie, 11, die of typhoid in the White House.

In 1856, Archibald Tait, then headmaster of Rugby and later Archbishop of Canterbury, lost five of his seven children in just over a month to scarlet fever. At the time, according to historians of medicine, this was the most common pediatric infectious disease in the U.S. and Europe, killing 10,000 children per year in England and Wales alone.

Scarlet fever is now generally curable with a 10-day course of antibiotics.

However, researchers warn that recent outbreaks demonstrate we cannot relax our vigilance against contagion.

Forgetting at our peril Victorian fictions linger on child deathbeds.

Modern readers, unused to earnest evocations of communal grief, may mock such sentimental scenes because it is easier to laugh at perceived exaggeration than to frankly confront the specter of a dying child.

“She was dead. Dear, gentle, patient, noble Nell was dead,” Dickens wrote in 1841, at a time when a quarter of all the children he knew might die before adulthood. For a reader whose own child could easily trade places with Little Nell, becoming “mute and motionless forever,” the sentence is an outpouring of parental anguish.

These Victorian stories commemorate a profound, culturally shared grief. To dismiss them as oldfashioned is to assume they are outdated because of the passage of time. But the collective pain of a high child mortality rate was eradicated not by time, but by effort. Rigorous sanitation reform, food and water safety standards, and widespread use of disease-fighting tools like vaccines, quarantine, hygiene and antibiotics are choices.

And the successes born of these choices can unravel if people begin choosing differently about health precautions.

While tipping points differ by illness, epidemiologists agree that even small drops in vaccine rates can compromise herd immunity. Infectious disease experts and public health officials are already warning of the dangerous uptick of diseases whose horrors 20th century advances helped wealthy societies forget.

People who want to dismantle a century of resolute public health measures, like vaccination, invite those horrors to return.

Article updated to clarify that child mortality rates have remained below 1% for the last 30 years, not since the 1930s.

Andrea Kaston Tange does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.

Joey Ellington

Hennepin Healthcare professional profile

Joey Ellington - Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion Coach “A big part of my work as a DEI coach is working with team members to eliminate social barriers in the workplace, many due to racism. I am a huge advocate for building relationships and creating a healthy work environment where people can be their authentic selves and embrace other’s identities. I guide

people towards breakthrough moments to address challenges in the workspace.

I enjoy building bridges.

One of my favorite things as DEI coach is creating events where people interact and laugh with each other.

Building positive relationships is important. I also enjoy hearing how uplifted they are when they

feel represented and included.

Although our team is relatively new at HCMC, I want people to know that DEI coaches are available to everyone. We want to help people resolve their situations in the healthiest manner and be their best selves in the workplace.”

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