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LULA DA SILVA

SILVIO ALMEIDA

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SILVIO ALMEIDA, JURIST AND PHILOSOPHER, APPOINTED MINISTER OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF BRAZIL

The lawyer and professor Silvio Almeida was recently appointed Minister of Human Rights in the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT). A jurist, professor and philosopher, he is seen by scholars as one of the greatest Brazilian intellectuals of his generation.

Almeida is a postdoctoral fellow at the Faculty of Law at USP (University of São Paulo); and professor at FGV (Fundação Getúlio Vargas) and Mackenzie. He is president of the Luiz Gama Institute and of the Center for Brazilian Studies at IREE (Institute for the Reform of State-Business Relations) and author of the book Racismo Estrutural, one of the mostlished in 2019.

Almeida was also part of Lula’s transition team. After the announcement, Silvio Almeida used social net“immense honor and responsibility”.

Almeida is the son of former goalkeeper Barbosinha, who defended Corinthians in the 1960s. In 2020, in

SILVIO ALMEIDA, JURISTE ET PHILOSOPHE,

L’avocat et professeur Silvio Almeida a récemment été nommé ministre des Droits de l’homme dans le gouvernement de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT). Juriste, professeur et philosophe, il est considéré par les universitaires comme l’un des plus grands intellectuels brésiliens de sa génération.

Almeida est chercheur postdoctoral à la Faculté de droit de l’USP (Université de São Paulo) et professeur à la FGV (FundaçãoGetúlio Vargas) et à Mackenzie. Il est président de l’Institut Luiz Gama et du Centre d’études brésiliennes de l’IREE (In- an interview with SporTV, he spoke about racism in football and said that sport can be an anti-racist weapon.

In the same year, Almeida was interviewed on the program Roda Viva, on TV Cultura, and said that the federal government would be “aligning itself with a project to destroy Brazil” and that the denial of racism, especially in the historical moment in which we live, is a “reinforcement of racist positions”.

Almeida said he believes that there political process of accepting black racial leaders and agendas. “The fact that they are parties historically sup-ical demands of the black movement does not mean that their internal organization will reproduce.”

For Pedro Serrano, professor of Law at PUC-SP, there is no better name to head the folder. He said he believes that Almeida will overcome theme he defends “as common ground between the right and the left”.

NOMMÉ MINISTRE BRÉSILIEN DES DROITS DE L’HOMME

stitut pour la réforme des relations État-entreprise) et auteur du livre Structural Racism, l’un des ouvrages en 2019.

Almeid faisait également partie de l’équipe de transition de Lula. Après l’annonce, Silvio Almeida a utilisé les réseaux sociaux pour dire qu’il prend ses fonctions avec “un honneur et une responsabilité immen-dien de but Barbosinha, qui a défendu les Corinthians dans les années 1960. En 2020, dans une interview avec SporTV, il a parlé du racisme dans le football et a déclaré que le sport peut être une arme antiraciste. La même année, Almeida a été interviewé dans l’émission Roda Viva, sur TV Cultura, et a déclaré que le gouvernement fédéral « s’alignerait sur un projet de destruction du Brésil » et que le déni du racisme, en particulier dans le moment historique de que nous vivons, est un “renforcement des positions racistes”. Almeida a déclaré qu’il pensait qu’il y avait une grande interne d’acceptation des dirigeants noirs et des agendas raciaux. “Le fait qu’il s’agisse de partis historique- ment soutenus par des agendas qui s’inscrivent dans les revendications historiques du mouvement noir netion interne, ils se reproduiront.” Pour Pedro Serrano, professeur de droit à la PUC-SP, il n’y a pas de meilleur nom pour diriger le portefeuille. Il a dit qu’il croyait qu’Almeida suravec le thème qu’il défend “comme un terrain d’entente entre la droite et la gauche”.

SILVIO ALMEIDA, JURISTA E FILÓSOFO, NOMEADO MINISTRO DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS DO BRASIL

O advogado e professor Silvio Almeida foi nomeado recentemente ministro dos Direitos Humanos do governo Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT). Jurista, professorsos como um dos maiores intelectuais brasileiros de sua geração.

uldade de Direito da USP (Universidade de São Paulo); e professor da FGV (Fundação Getúlio Vargas) e do Mackenzie.

É presidente do Instituto Luiz da usou as redes sociais para dizer que toma posse com “imensa honra e responsabilidade”.sinha, que defendeu o Corinthians na década de 1960. Em 2020, em entrevista ao SporTV, ele falou sobre o racismo no futebol e disse que o esporte pode ser uma arma antirracista

Gama e do Centro de Estudos Brasileiros do IREE (Instituto para a Reforma das Relações Estado-Empresa) e autor do livro Racismo Estrusobre o tema, publicado em 2019. Almeida também fez parte da equipe de transição de Lula.

No mesmo ano, Almeida foi entrevistado no programa Roda Viva, da TV Cultura, e disse que o governo federal estaria “se alinhando a um projeto de destruição do Brasil” e que a negação do racismo, especialmente no é um “reforço de posições racistas”. Almeida disse acreditar que há uma político interno de aceitação de lideranças e pautas raciais negras. “O fato de serem partidos historicamente sustentados por pautas que se enquadram - organização interna se reproduzirão.”

Para Pedro Serrano, professor de Direito da PUC-SP, não há nome melacreditar que Almeida superará as que defende “como um terreno comum entre direita e esquerda”.

SILVIO ALMEIDA, JURISTA Y FILÓSOFO, NOMBRADO MINISTRO DE DERECHOS HUMANOS DE BRASIL

El abogado y profesor Silvio Almeida fue nombrado recientemente Ministro de Derechos Humanos en el gobierno de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva visto por los académicos como uno de los más grandes intelectuales bra-

Almeida es becario posdoctoral de la Facultad de Derecho de la USP (Universidad de São Paulo) y profesora de la FGV (Fundação Getúlio Vargas) y Mackenzie. Es presidente del Instituto Luiz Gama y del Centro de Estudios Brasileños del IREE

(Instituto para la Reforma de las Relaciones Estado-Empresa) y autor del libro Structural Racism, uno de tema, publicado en 2019.

Tras el anuncio, Silvio Almeidacir que asume el cargo con «un inmenso honor y responsabilidad». Almeida es hijo del ex arquero Baren la década de 1960. En 2020, en bre el racismo en el fútbol y dijo que el deporte puede ser un arma antirracista.

En el mismo año, Almeida fue entrevistada en el programa Roda Viva, de TV Cultura, y dijo que el gobierno federal estaría «alineándose con un que vivimos, es un «refuerzo de posiciones racistas».

Almeida dijo que cree que existe político interno de aceptar líderes ne- gros y agendas raciales. “El hecho de se sustentan en agendas que encajan a reproducir”.

Para Pedro Serrano, profesor de Derecho de la PUC-SP, no hay mejor nombre para encabezar la cartera. Dijo que cree que Almeida superará común entre la derecha y la izquierda».

SILVIO ALMEIDA, MWANASHERIA, NA MWANAFALSAFA, ALIMTAJA WAZIRI WA HAKI ZA KIBINADAMU WA BRAZILI

Wakili na profesa Silvio Almeida hivi majuzi aliteuliwa kuwa Waziri wa Haki za Kibinadamu katika serikali ya Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT). Mwanasheria, profesa na mwanafalsafa, anaonekana na wasomi kama mmoja wa wasomi wakubwa wa Kibrazili wa kizazi chake. Almeida ni mhitimu wa udaktari katika Kitivo cha Sheria katika USP (Chuo Kikuu cha São Paulo); na profesa katika FGV (FundaçãoGetúlio Vargas) na Mackenzie. Yeye ni Rais wa Taasisi ya Luiz Gama na Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Brazili huko IREE (Taasisi ya Marekebisho ya Mahusiano ya Seri- kali na Kampuni) na mwandishi wa kitabu Structural Racism, mojawapo ya kazi zenye ushawishi mkubwa juu ya mada hiyo, iliyochapishwa mwaka wa 2019.

Almeidawa pia alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya mpito ya Lula. Baada ya tangazo hilo, Silvio Almeida alitumia mitandao ya kijamii kusema kwamna uwajibikaji mkubwa”. Almeidais mtoto wa golikipa wa zamani Barbosinha, ambaye alitetea Corinthians katika miaka ya 1960. Mnamo 2020, katika mahojiano na SporTV, alizungumza juu ya ubaguzi wa rangi katika mpira wa miguu na akasema kwamba mchezo huo unaweza kuwa silaha ya kupinga ubaguzi wa rangi.

Katika mwaka huo huo, Almeida alihojiwa kwenye kipindi cha Roda Viva, kwenye TV Cultura, na akasema kwamba serikali ya shirikisho “italingana na mradi wa uharibifu wa Brazil” na kwamba kukataa kwa ubaguzi wa rangi, haswa katika wakati wa kihistoria huko. ambayo tunaishi, ni “kuimarisha misimamo ya kibaguzi”.

Almeida alisema anaamini kuwa kuna ugumu mkubwa ndani ya

SILVIO ALMEIDA, ONÍDÀÁJO ÒDODO, ÀTI ONÍMO OGBON ORÍ, LÓ

Almeida ni laipe yi ni Minisita fun Eto ti a gbe, ni a “imuduro ti alaifeirued- mchakato wa kisiasa wa ndani wa kukubali viongozi Weusi na ajenda za rangi. “Ukweli kwamba ni vyama ambavyo vinaungwa mkono kihistoria na ajenda zinazolingana na matakwa ya kihistoria ya vuguvugu la watu weusi haimaanishi kuwa katika shirika lao la ndani, watazaliana.” nla wa laarin ilana ielu inu ti gbigba

Kwa Pedro Serrano, profesa wa Sheria katika PUC-SP, hakuna jina bora la kuongoza kwingineko. Alisema anaamini kuwa Almeida atashinda ugumu wa kufanya kazi na mada anayotetea “kama msingi wa kawaida kati ya kulia na kushoto”.

FGV (FundaçãoGetulio Vargas) ati

SILVIO ALMEIDA, SHARCI YAQAAN, IYO FAYLASUUF, AYAA LOO MAGACAABAY WASIIRKA XUQUUQUL INSAANKA EE BRAZIL

Qareenka iyo Professor Silvio Almeida ayaa dhawaan loo magacaabay Wasiirka Xuquuqul Insaanka ee dawladda Luiz Inácio Lula da Silvaar iyo faylasuuf, culimadu waxay u arkaan mid ka mid ah waxgaradkii reer Brazil ee qarnigisii.

Almeida waa dhakhtar sare oo ka tirsan Kulliyadda Sharciga ee USPar wax ka dhiga FGV (FundaçãoGetulio Vargas) iyo Mackenzie. Isagu waa Madaxweynaha Machadka Luiz Gama iyo Xarunta Daraasaadka Brazil ee IREE (Machadka Dib-u-habaynta Xiriirka Shirkadaha Dawladda) iyo qoraaga buugga Cunsurinimada Dhiska, mid ka mid ah shaqooyinka ugu saameynta badan mowduuca, oo la daabacay 2019.

Almeidawas waxa kale oo uu ka mid ahaa kooxda kala guurka ee Lula. Ku dhawaaqista ka dib, Silvio Almeida waxa uu isticmaalay shabakadaha bulshada si uu u sheego in uu xilka kula wareegayo “sharaf iyo mas’uuliyad aad u weyn”.

Almeidais oo uu dhalay goolhayihii hore ee Barbosinha, kaasoo difaacay Corinthians 1960-meeyadii. 2020, wareysi uu siiyay SporTV, ayuu kaga hadlay cunsuriyadda kubadda cagta, wuxuuna sheegay in ciyaaruhu noqon karaan hub ka dhan ah cunsuriyadda.

Isla sanadkaas, Almeida waxaa lagu wareystay barnaamijka Roda Viva, ee TV Cultura, waxayna sheegtay in dowladda federaalku ay “la jaanqaadi doonto mashruuca burburinta Brazil” iyo in diidmada cunsuriyadda, gaar ahaan xilliga taariikhiga ah ee taas oo aan ku nool nahay, waa “xoojinta jagooyinka cunsuriyadda”.

Almeida waxa uu sheegay in uu rumaysan yahay in ay jirto dhibaato weyn oo ka dhex jirta hanaanka siyaasadeed ee gudaha ee ah in la aqbalo madaxda Madowga ah iyo ajandayaasha isir-sooca. “Xaqiiqda ah inay yihiin xisbiyo taariikh ahaan lagu taageeray ajendayaal ku habboon shuruudaha taariikheed ee dhaqdhaqaaqa madow macnaheedu maaha in ururkooda gudaha, ay soo saari doonaan.” takhasusay sharciga PUC-SP, ma jirolalka. Waxa uu sheegay in uu aaminsan yahay in Almeida ay ka gudbi doonto dhibaatooyinka ka haysta ku shaqaynta mawduuca uu difaacayo “sida dhul ay wadaagaan midig iyo bidix”.

Court has held that the equal protection guarantee bans only intentional race discrimination by governmental bodies and officials. Policies and practices that have a disproportionate effect on a racial group do not necessarily violate the Constitution. So the Supreme Court would likely conclude that the Constitution does not allow the federal government to bar state and local police policies and practices simply because they have a disproportionate racial impact. That means that the federal government’s primary tool for influencing American policing is its spending power. Congress has wide latitude to use money to provide

Black Police

From 3 policing, to the murder of George Floyd, and now the death of Nichols, law enforcement officers often have viewed Black people as what sociologist and civil rights activist W.E.B. Du Bois, in “The Souls of Black Folk,” called a “problem.”

American society assumes that Black people are prone to criminality and therefore should be subject to state power in the form of policing or, in some cases, vigilantism – as in the killing of Ahmaud Arbury. This is a link deeply woven into American consciousness. And Black people are not immune. In this

From anti-Black violence, but I will stop here. In both notable cases, anti-Black hate was the motive which fueled their terror.

Eddie S, Glaude

JR., in his book, Democracy incentives for policy changes at the state and local levels by attaching conditions to federal grants. For example, Congress spurred some states to raise the drinking age to 21 by making the greater age a condition of federal highway funding.

Congress can make the adoption of certain policies and practices a condition for getting federal grants – as long as it does not coerce acceptance of the conditions. States and localities must remain free to decline federal funds. So, if a state or locality declines a federal grant, it doesn’t have to comply with the grant program’s conditions.

Seeking influence way, the long-held targeting of Black men by police and widely held negative beliefs about them are a powerful cocktail that can compel even Black officers to stop, detain and brutally beat a man who looks just like them. in Black; How Race Still

Within the limits that the Constitution sets, the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act aims to assert some federal influence on local and state policing practices.

Could their actions have been motivated by anti-Black bias?

It’s hard to investigate the minds of the officers who beat Nichols so savagely and say for sure what motivated them. But there is ample research that suggests anti-Blackness is a factor in American policing. And Black officers, agents of an institutionally racist system, are affected by this. AntiBlackness affects Black people, too. And this might explain why Black police officers exhibit more anti-Black bias than the Black population as a whole.

Enslaves the American Soul, wrote, “a host of assumptions about who Black people are and what they are capable of shape everything about how we live in this country.”

After viewing the horrific recording of the beating of Tyre Nichols, I heard news reporters and commentators - primarily white- question whether the murder of Nichols

The bill’s most significant direct regulation of state and local police departments would be a ban on racial profiling by all law enforcement agencies. Although federal courts have repeatedly concluded that the 14th Amendment bars racial profiling, the bill would make the prohibition explicit and expand its definition. The bill would also indirectly regulate state and local police departments by eliminating “qualified immunity” in civil lawsuits where a plaintiff alleges that a law enforcement officer violated their constitutional rights. Under the qualified immunity doctrine, courts dismiss claims when there is no prior case with a highly similar set of facts where a government official’s conduct was ruled unconstitutional. Government officials, including police officers, therefore was a racial issue, pointing out the race of the officers who were Black. These questions reveal either a sincere ignorance or a willful indifference to racism in America. I submit that being Black does not preclude a Black person from subscribing to anti-Blackness and supporting racist ideologies. For example, Candance Owens, a Black conservative and anti-Black activist, said in a 2021 Fox News interview with Tucker Carlson, ‘Black Americans are the most murderous group in America.’ sometimes escape liability even if they have engaged in egregious misconduct. If qualified immunity is unavailable, police officers will arguably be less likely to violate someone’s rights because they will expect to be liable for their misconduct. Further, the bill would expand the U.S. Department of Justice’s authority to investigate unconstitutional conduct by police departments, and would make it easier to prosecute police officers for federal civil rights violations.

To comprehend this, we have to take a step back and think about race. Stuart Hall, a cultural theorist, described race as a sign. When we look at skin color or people as racialized subjects, they signify something to us. Black people, in this society – and in other parts of the world – for many signify danger, threat and criminality. And as a result, institutions like the criminal justice system respond to their perceived threat with profiling, harassment and violence.

Our surprise that five Black police officers could brutalize another Black man indicates we have an impoverished understanding of race and racism in this country. What does Tyre Nichols’ death mean for calls to diversify policing?

Conditions on grants

Most significantly, if enacted, the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act would attach stringent new conditions to two programs that together funnel hundreds of millions of dollars to local and state police departments every year, the COPS program and the Edward J. Byrne Memorial Justice

For years, elected officials, activists and citizens have been making calls to reform policing. Many have said bringing more people from ethnically diverse backgrounds onto police forces would go a long way toward correcting institutional racism in the criminal justice system.

The final report of “The President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing,” commissioned through an executive order by President Barack Obama, called for law enforcement agencies to “strive to create a workforce that encompasses a broad range of diversity, including race, gender, language, life experience, and cultural background to improve understanding and effectiveness.”

One recent study

There is no evidence to support her assertion. However, this is what she -a Black womanand other Black people believe about Black people. Do not be deceived. Anti-Black hatred held by Black people does not negate the reality of racism. Race is a social construct, but racism is real and is facilitated by global white supremacy. Black lives still matter even when Black lives are taken by Black people. I believe the five Black police officers who

Assistance Grant Program.

To take just a few examples, both Byrne and COPS grantees would be required to ban the use of chokeholds. Byrne grants would be available only to states and localities whose use-of-force policies bar the use of deadly force unless it is necessary.

COPS grants would be available only to states and localities that ban the use of noknock warrants in drug cases. Recipients of COPS grants would be required to certify that they will use at least 10% of their grants to support efforts to end racial and religious profiling.

These provisions divide activists who decry the current state of policing. Some laud them as bold reforms, while others argue that less money should be directed to police departments, not more.

If the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act is enacted, some of America’s concluded that Black and Hispanic police officers make fewer traffic stops and use force less often than their white counterparts. But, at the same time, Black and brown police officers live in the same culture that sees Black people as criminals and threats. So simply having more officers of color doesn’t do enough to fix the problem.

How does seeing video of another Black man brutalized by police, this time Black officers, affect Black people?

Over the past decade, videos of Black people killed at the hands of police officers have filled social media and news sites. I, for one, cannot watch them because they terrify me and amplify fears for my safety and that of my family murdered Tyre Nichols were acting per the societal norm of racism and anti-Black hate. In the Myth of Race, The Reality of Racism Critical Essays, Dr. Mahmoud El-Kati eloquently said, “custom is more powerful than the force of written law. Habits and social conventions influence individual attitudes. A collective outlook, a collective myth, produces collective behavior patterns.” and friends. I watched about 30 seconds of the Black police officers pummeling Nichols and couldn’t take any more. I know I’m not alone. Studies tell us that police killings of unarmed Black people are psychologically traumatizing events for Black people. This kind of horror should be traumatizing to the nation. But if Black is the sign of danger and criminality, who will have empathy for the Tyre Nicholses of the world? This article was updated to cut out repetition in the introduction. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.

It doesn’t make a difference how many antiracism laws are passed or how much “racial sensitivity” training a person is forced to undergo to keep their job or even how many Black people are elected to office, lead an organization, or corporation; anti-Black sentiment is pervasive in American culture.

The Black officers freely and readily beat Tyre Nichols. They knew they were being recorded because of the body cameras they wore. They did it knowingly and without shame or fear of any consequence. They treated Nichols as if his life didn’t matter and as if he was expendable.

15,000 state and local police departments would readily accept its conditions and the federal dollars they unlock. Others would likely sue, arguing that the federal government is attempting to coerce them into adopting policy reforms they do not need or want.

Former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said in 2021 that the George Floyd Justice in Policing Act “fundamentally transforms the culture of policing.” But states and localities have to want to change and accept federal grants, with strings attached, for that vision to become reality. This is an update of a story originally published on June 1, 2021, and reflects the death of Tyre Nichols. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.

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They wrongly believed they could do what white officers have done and still do to many Black men, women, and children with impunity for far too long. They saw Nichols the same way, so many Americans -white and Black- see Black people - as an interloper in a society built by the forced labor of our enslaved ancestors. Anti-Blackness still prevailed.

In his book, The Racial Contract, Charles Mills writes, “we live in a world which has been foundationally shaped for the past five hundred years by the realities of European domination and the gradual consolidation of global white supremacy.” Let’s be clear, the pathology of white supremacy, which produced anti-Black hate, murdered Tyre Nichols. I am not saying the five Black police officers are not responsible for his death. On the contrary, they are 100% accountable and should be punished to the law’s limit. They deserve whatever punishment they receive and probably more. What I am saying is that anti-Black hate was the driving force and underlining cause of Nichols’ murder, as was the murder of Eric Garner, Michael Brown, Tamir Rice, Eric Harris, Walter Scott, Freddie Gray, Alton Sterling, Philando Castile, Stephone Clark, Botham Jean, Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, Daunte Write, Patrick Lyoya, Nina Adams, LaShanda Anderson, Deresha Armstrong, Kisha Arrone, Crystalline Barns, India Beaty, Dereshia Blackwell, Jonie Block, Alexia Christian, Decynthia Clements, Monique Jenee Deckard, Cynthia Fields, Janisha Fonville, Korryn Gaines, Francine Graham, and the list goes on. Until anti-Blackness is killed, there will be more Tyre Nichols.

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