Houston Methodist Department of Pharmacy Annual Research Report 2021-2022

Page 24

HOUSTON METHODIST DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY Annual Research Report |  2021-2022

HOUSTON METHODIST POSTGRADUATE PHARMACY RESIDENCY & FELLOWSHIP CLASS

Houston Methodist Department of Pharmacy

The Department of Pharmacy at Houston Methodist collaborates with the health care team to provide innovative, personalized, cost-effective pharmaceutical care in a culture dedicated to quality and safety.

The pharmacy department’s vision is to be recognized as a global leader of pharmaceutical care in the health care setting. To that end, we strive to:

• Continuously improve the quality and safety of patient care and the medication management process.

• Cultivate an environment of collaboration and teamwork.

• Provide high-quality training and education to our technicians, student interns, residents and pharmacists.

• Maximize the use of automation and information technology.

• Maximize cost efficiencies and resource utilization.

2021-2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2

3

Letter from Daniel L. Metzen, PharmD, MBA

System Director of Pharmacy Services, Houston Methodist

Letter from Alex C. Varkey, PharmD, MS, FAPhA

Director of Pharmacy Services, Houston Methodist Hospital 4

Letter from Jill C. Krisl, PharmD, BCPS, BCTXP

Chair of Pharmacy Research Committee 5 Pharmacy Research Committee Members

8–30 2021-2022 Houston Methodist Hospital Pharmacy Postgraduate Trainees

8 PGY1 Pharmacy Residency

Emily Allen, PharmD

Alyssa Chaplain, PharmD

Eric Rubido, PharmD Mariah Sigala, PharmD Evan Steere, PharmD Eileen Sullivan, PharmD

14 PGY1 International Graduates Pharmacy Residency Tania Baigi, PharmD Donna Barakeh, PharmD

16 PGY1 Pharmacy Residency – Sugar Land Shireen Rasheed, PharmD Cylene Talabucon, PharmD

6–7 Pharmacy Research Funding 34 System Pharmacy Research Bibliography

18 PGY1/PGY2 HealthSystem Pharmacy Administration Residency

Alfred Awuah, PharmD Nathan Jones, PharmD Alan Luu, PharmD Niha Zafar, PharmD

22 PGY1/PGY2 Pharmacy Informatics Residency Wenfei Wei, PharmD

23 PGY2 Critical Care Pharmacy Residency Caitlin Labay, PharmD Nina Srour, PharmD

25 PGY2 Infectious Diseases Pharmacy Residency Melissa O’Neal, PharmD

26 PGY2 Internal Medicine Pharmacy Residency Corey Dinunno, PharmD

27 PGY2 Oncology Pharmacy Residency Karen Abboud, PharmD Breanna Hinman, PharmD

29 PGY2 Solid Organ Transplant Pharmacy Residency Richard Lincoln, PharmD Allison Yun, PharmD

31 Clinical Pharmacy Fellowship in Outcomes Research Bader Alghamdi, PharmD Phuong Duong, PharmD Navjot Kaur, PharmD

LETTER FROM THE SYSTEM DIRECTOR OF PHARMACY SERVICES

My first impression when reading this report is as it is every year: “Wow, amazing work and amazing accomplishments.” I am honored to have the opportunity to work alongside such a highly talented team of pharmacy clinicians. Demonstrated on these pages is a dedication to unparalleled excellence in patient care, a prominent characteristic amongst the pharmacy team. Thank you to all who contributed to the endeavors in this annual report and congratulations to a successful year!

2 |

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR OF PHARMACY SERVICES

On behalf of the Houston Methodist Hospital Pharmacy Management Team, I want to extend my sincere appreciation to all our graduating residents and fellows. Our residents and fellows fully invest in their respective opportunities to grow both personally and professionally, and in the process, make a lasting impact on HMH Pharmacy’s effort to optimize patient outcomes. The last few academic years have been especially challenging given our need to respond to the global COVID-19 pandemic, and as usual, HMH Pharmacy responded with unparalleled efforts in patient care and in facilitating cutting-edge research. We administered well over 1 million doses of COVID-19 vaccinations and have emerged as a national leader in the provision of monoclonal antibody treatments.

Our system efforts continue to be lauded by state and national leaders and have been highlighted in several highly reputable publications, including the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), as well as national and international conferences. This past academic year, several of our outstanding pharmacists and leaders at HMH have been awarded significant grant funding to advance research in a variety of areas including infectious diseases, opioid stewardship, solid organ transplant, telehealth, and pharmacy education – totaling more than $395,000. Our team has contributed 23 new publications to the literature across several specialties.

As has been the case for more than 30 years, a catalyst for our department-initiated research success has resided in our pharmacy training programs, and we continue to be grateful for the hard work and dedication of our pharmacy learners, preceptors/practitioners, and staff. Each of our achievements took considerable commitment and an immense amount of work. Our successes in research and scholarship are a true testament to HMH pharmacy’s commitment to working alongside other health care disciplines in advancing patient care. I continue to be impressed with the quality of pharmacy’s efforts in growth and innovation, and I have our residents, fellows and their preceptors to thank for much of that. We remain in position to develop and share innovative practices in part because of our Pharmacy Research Committee, a group dedicated to ensuring excellence in the quality and feasibility of research conducted by HM pharmacy.

As we move ahead to the 2022-2023 residency year, we will continue with laser focus on what we do every day. That includes enhancing our medication distribution, clinical services, and regulatory/quality compliance efforts to provide an environment of unparalleled safety, quality, service, and innovation for our patients. Our patients always deserve our best – and it is the reason we all work so hard to develop safe and effective processes and practices from which our patients will benefit. Thanks for all that you have done and continue to do for patients.

Alex C. Varkey, PharmD, MS, FAPhA

| 3
Director of Pharmacy Services , Houston Methodist Hospital

LETTER FROM THE PHARMACY RESEARCH COMMITTEE CHAIR

Welcome to our Department of Pharmacy’s seventh edition of the Annual Research Report. This report serves to showcase the dedication to research and patient care of the pharmacy department across the Houston Methodist hospital system.

Over the course of 2021-2022, members of our pharmacy department have led research collaborations within internal medicine, infectious diseases, transplant, critical care, anticoagulation, and oncology patient populations, as well as research in informatics and pharmacy management. The pharmacy department continues to strive toward the advancement of pharmacy practice and patient care throughout Houston Methodist.

The mission of the Pharmacy Research Committee is to ensure excellence in the quality of research conducted and the research training provided by the Department of Pharmacy at Houston Methodist. The PRC has continued to optimize established programs including project proposal development, project approval, resident project alignment, support, education, visibility, and building a more robust research infrastructure and partnership with the Research institute. Clinician and preceptor education remained a focal point for 2021-2022, continuing to facilitate the research process from the early stages of an idea to project completion. Additionally, during this year we brought a greater emphasis to research endeavors across the entire Houston Methodist system.

The PRC continues to evolve to meet the needs of the department. We now are 10 members, plus three pharmacy research fellows assisting with our support lead. Members of the PRC represent pharmacy across the system hospitals and clinical specialties. Our Department of Pharmacy preceptors, residents, and staff remain committed to high quality and innovative patient care, education, research, leadership and advocacy. As always, our goals are grounded in our mission to be unparalleled. I would like to sincerely thank all members of the Pharmacy Research Committee for the continued dedication and hard work; the work of this group is truly vital to our success.

4 |

PHARMACY RESEARCH COMMITTEE MEMBERS

| 5
Bader Alghamdi, PharmD Member - Fellow Elsie Rizk, PharmD Project Support Lead Phuong Duong, PharmD Member - Fellow Chelsea Lopez, PharmD, BCCCP Project Development Punit Shah, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP Education Navjot Kaur, PharmD Member - Fellow Hayley Brazeale, PharmD, BCPS Project Approval Co-Lead Godsfavor Umoru, PharmD, BCOP Project Alignment David R. Putney, PharmD, MPH, BCPS - AQ Cardiology Project Alignment Lead Engie Attia, PharmD, BCPS Project Development Lead Mobolaji Adeola, PharmD, BCPS Project Approval Lead Michael Sirimaturos, PharmD, BCNSP, BCCCP, FCCM Education Lead

PHARMACY RESEARCH FUNDING

Michael Sirimaturos, PharmD, BCNSP, BCCCP, FCCM , and Elsie Rizk, PharmD, were awarded a $156,900 grant from Grifols Biologicals, LLC to conduct a prospective, observational, multicenter study to evaluate the safety of human rabies immune globulin when administered to pediatric patients per standard of care for rabies postexposure prophylaxis in the emergency department. The study will collect safety data using surveys and medical record chart review and will be supported by the Houston Methodist Clinical Pharmacy Fellowship in Outcomes Research.

Niaz Deyhim, PharmD, MS, BCPS, and a Houston Methodist systemwide team of collaborating pharmacists (Kayleigh Emerson, PharmD; Joke Fasoranti, PharmD; Anne Nguyen, PharmD; and Ian Dunne, PharmD) were awarded a $5,000 grant from the ASHP Foundation to describe the implementation and study the impact of a hospital-system Doctor of Pharmacy Longitudinal Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (LAPPE) program.

6 |

PHARMACY RESEARCH FUNDING

Elsie Rizk, PharmD, received $103,796 as a subaward from Texas Targeted Opioid Response, a public health initiative operated by the Texas Health and Human Services Commission through federal funding from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) grant award number 1H79TI083288 (under direction of J. Douglas Thornton, PharmD, PhD, at the University of Houston). This subaward supports the development and implementation of clinical decision support in the electronic health record to reduce discharge opioid prescriptions that exceed guideline recommendations following high-volume surgical procedures.

In addition, Elsie was awarded a $125,970 grant from Grifols Biologicals, LLC to conduct a retrospective study to describe current practice of IgG monitoring, hypogammaglobulinemia (HGG) diagnosis and incidence, current use patterns of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), different IVIG treatment approaches used for HGG, and possible risk factors for HGG in lung transplant recipients. The study is supported by the Houston Methodist Clinical Pharmacy Fellowship in Outcomes Research.

Ian Dunne, PharmD, BCPS; Sandy Spurlock, PharmD; Heidi Matus, MD, FACP; and Bhargavi Patham, MD, PhD, were awarded a grant for $3,500 from Texas A&M University College of Medicine to conduct research regarding the impact of interprofessional telehealthcare for high-risk, low-resource adults.

| 7

Retrospective Study on the Efficacy and Tolerability of Dose Modification of PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors in Hospital-Based Outpatient Cancer Clinics: Continued Review

Emily Allen, PharmD; Erika N. Brown, PharmD, BCOP; Rodrigo De La Torre, PharmD; Asha Murthy, MD

PURPOSE

Programmed cell death (PD-1) is a transmembrane receptor protein expressed on T cells, B cells, and NK cells that interacts with its ligand, PD-L1. Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 medications inhibit that PD-1 and PD-L1 interaction and have been shown to be effective in treating several forms of advanced cancers. Since the approval of these agents, standard dosing protocols have been utilized. However, a small population of patients in the community setting have received dose modified PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors secondary to adverse events. The purpose of this retrospective study is to assess the efficacy and tolerability of dose modified PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors compared to standard dosing.

METHODS

This retrospective observational study includes data collected from 221 patients initiated on a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor between September 1, 2017 and September 31, 2019 in the outpatient community setting of the Houston Methodist Hospital System. Patients were 18 years or older, received outpatient immunotherapy, and had a diagnosis of an FDA-labeled indication for immunotherapy. The primary endpoints included incidence of adverse effects (defined by the common terminology criteria for adverse events) and time to progression.

RESULTS

of the 221 patients that received PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, 200 patients have been reviewed. Patients received either nivolumab (n=81), pembrolizumab (n=93), atezolizumab (n=21) or durvalumab (n=26). Patients observed to have a dose modification included: nivolumab (n=40, 49%), pembrolizumab (n=24, 26%), and durvalumab (n=9, 35%). The most common side effects that lead to immunotherapy dose modification were pneumonitis (16%, n=21), musculoskeletal pain (15%, n=20), and diarrhea (14%, n=19). There was a median time to progression of 204 days for patients with an immunotherapy time delay, and for patients with an immunotherapy dose reduction; median time to progression was 299 days. Overall, approximately 40% of the patients included in the study had either a dose modification or delay in treatment with continued response to treatment.

CONCLUSION

Further large studies are needed to assess dose modifications of immunotherapy on both clinical outcomes and adverse events.

Emily Allen, PharmD

Emily earned her PharmD from The University of Texas at Austin in 2021. Following completion of her PGY1, Emily will continue her residency training as a PGY2 Oncology Resident at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Primary project preceptor: Erika N. Brown, PharmD, BCOP

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network, 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference, and HOPA 2022 Annual Conference.

8 |
PGY1 PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Evaluation of Voriconazole Dosing for Prevention of Aspergillus in Lung Transplant Recipients

Alyssa Chaplain, PharmD; Brett J. Pierce, PharmD, BCPS; Christine Pham, PharmD; Aaron Hutchins, PharmD; Will L. Musick, PharmD, BCIDP; Duc T. Nguyen, MD; Edward A. Graviss, PhD; Simon W. Yau, MD; Ahmad Goodarzi, MD; Jihad G. Youssef, MD; Howard J. Huang, MD

PURPOSE

Aspergillus (ASP) infections are a known complication seen in lung transplant (LT) recipients and are associated with an increased risk in mortality. Guidance published by the American Society of Transplantation suggests the use of universal prophylaxis or preemptive therapy for these patients. However, there is currently no consensus regarding the ideal anti-fungal agent or prophylaxis strategy due to limited randomized control trials. In addition, voriconazole (VCZ) prophylaxis dosing recommendations have not been fully established. We sought to evaluate the efficacy of VCZ 200 mg twice a day (BID) for three months post LT in preventing ASP.

METHODS

A single-center, retrospective review was conducted on LT recipients who were initiated on VCZ 200 mg BID for three months between 2016 - 2020. Patients were excluded if transplanted for cystic fibrosis, received an azole other than VCZ, received an alternative VCZ dose, had prophylaxis started >14 days post-transplant, or death occurred within 30 days of transplant. The primary endpoint was defined as the incidence of (+) ASP cultures after receiving at least five days of VCZ. Secondary endpoints included classification of ASP infection, patient specific-characteristics associated with ASP infection, weight-based dose of VCZ, and time to ASP clearance.

RESULTS

Three hundred twenty patients were transplanted during this time, 143 patients met inclusion criteria, and 12 patients (7.7%) experienced a breakthrough (+) ASP culture. Of patients who developed a (+) culture, 1 (0.65%) had a proven invasive infection, 9 (5.8%) had a probable invasive infection, and 2 (1.3%) were classified as colonized based off the ISHLT consensus definitions. Most (+) ASP culture patients were designated as Lung Diagnosis Group D (restrictive). The median weight-base dose of VCZ at the time of the positive ASP culture was 2.6 mg/kg twice daily for both cohorts. More rapid clearance in days, median (IQR), was seen in patients who switched agents, 13.0 (11.0, 35.0), compared to the patients who were continued on the same VCZ dose, 57.5 (34.0, 117.0), or increased VCZ dose, 150 (98, 203), p=0.12.

CONCLUSION

Patients who received 200 mg BID of VCZ for three months resulted in a low percentage of breakthrough (+) ASP cultures with only one patient developing a proven invasive ASP infection. This retrospective chart review suggests VCZ 200 mg BID is effective at preventing ASP in LT recipients.

Alyssa Chaplain, PharmD

Alyssa earned her PharmD degree from the University of Houston College of Pharmacy in 2021. Following the completion of her PGY1 Residency, Alyssa will continue her postgraduate training as a PGY2 Solid Organ Transplant Pharmacy Resident at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Primary project preceptor: Brett J. Pierce, PharmD, BCPS

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network, 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference, and 2022 American Transplant Congress.

| 9
PGY1 PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Descriptive Analysis of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Heart and Lung Transplant

Eric Rubido, PharmD; Megan Cooper, PharmD; Kevin Donahue, PharmD, BCPS; Jill Krisl, PharmD, BCPS, BCTXP

PURPOSE

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are widely utilized following cardiothoracic transplantation due to complications such as atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism. Given the lack of published evidence describing the use of DOACs in the cardiothoracic transplant population, we aim to describe the prescribing patterns of DOACs in relation to DDIs, renal dysfunction, and periprocedural management, as well as explore the use of DOAC-specific anti-xa monitoring.

METHODS

This was a single-center, retrospective, descriptive analysis of adult cardiothoracic transplant recipients initiated on ≥3 consecutive days of DOAC therapy between May 2016 and July 2021. Patients were excluded if DOAC therapy was initiated prior to transplant or at an outside institution. The primary endpoint for this analysis was the percentage of patients dosed per package labeling. Secondary endpoints included DOAC prescribing in the context of drugdrug interactions, renal dysfunction, and periprocedural management, thromboembolism and major bleeding at 6 and 12 month, 90-day readmission due to bleeding or thrombosis, and need for DOAC-reversal.

RESULTS

A total of 125 patients were included in this analysis with a median age of 62 years. At initiation, 61.6% of patients were dosed according to package labeling. The most common reason for non-labeled dosing was concomitant azole antifungal therapy. DOAC therapy was held for 82 procedures with no reported thrombotic events and 1 major bleed in the setting of AKI. Deviation from package labeling, concomitant azole antifungal therapy, and hemodialysisdependence were not associated with increased risk of thromboembolism or major bleeding. DOAC-specific anti-xa guided dosing was associated with a reduced risk of major bleeding (0% vs. 8.9%, P = 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Deviation from package labeling is common following cardiothoracic transplantation with azole antifungal therapy as the leading cause. Additionally, DOAC therapy appears safe and effective in the setting of upcoming procedures, with further studies necessary to establish an optimal anticoagulation strategy. Furthermore, DOACspecific anti-xa monitoring has been associated with a reduction in the risk for major bleeding when used to guide long-term dosing.

Eric Rubido, PharmD

Eric earned his PharmD from the University of Florida College of Pharmacy in 2021. Following completion of his PGY1 residency, Eric will complete a PGY2 in Solid Organ Transplant at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Primary project preceptor: Jill Krisl, PharmD, BCPS, BCTXP

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference.

10 |
PGY1 PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Comparison of Sedation and Analgesia Requirements in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 versus Non-SARS-CoV-2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome on Veno-venous ECMO

Mariah I. Sigala, PharmD; Diane Dreucean, PharmD, BCCCP; Jesse E. Harris, PharmD, BCCCP; Kevin R. Donahue, PharmD, BCPS; Fariedeh Bostan, PharmD; Prakruthi Voore, MD; Jose Francisco Saille Cuevas, MD; Celia Morton, PharmD, BCCCP

PURPOSE

increased sedation and analgesia requirements have been described in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on veno-venous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support due to unique pharmacokinetic challenges. However, there is a paucity of data comparing sedation requirements in patients on VV ECMO for ARDS secondary to SARS-CoV-2 vs other etiologies of ARDS. The objective of this study is to compare sedation and analgesia requirements in adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 ARDS versus other etiologies of ARDS requiring VV-ECMO support.

METHODS

We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients receiving sedation and analgesia on VV-ECMO support for ARDS. Patients were excluded if cannulated at an outside hospital for greater than 24 hours, expired within 48 hours of ECMO cannulation, or received neuromuscular blocking agents for greater than 7 consecutive days following ECMO cannulation.

RESULTS

We evaluated 108 patients on VV-ECMO support, including 44 with non-SARS-CoV-2 ARDS and 64 with SARS-CoV-2 ARDS. The median daily dexmedetomidine requirements were significantly higher in the SARS-CoV-2 cohort (16.7 vs. 13.4 mcg/kg/day, p=0.03), while the median propofol daily requirements were significantly higher in the non-SARS-CoV-2 cohort (40.3 vs. 53.5 mg/kg/day, p <0.01). There was no difference in daily requirements of opioids, benzodiazepines, and ketamine between groups. Use of adjunct agents to facilitate weaning was significantly higher in the SARS-CoV-2 cohort (78.1% vs. 43.2%, p<0.01).

CONCLUSION

We found that patients with ARDS on VV-ECMO support require multiple analgesic and sedative agents with concomitant use of adjunct agents to facilitate analgesia and sedation weaning in both SARS-CoV-2 and nonSARS-CoV-2 ARDS cohorts. To circumvent these challenges, ECMO centers should consider implementation of ECMO-specific analgosedation protocols to optimize patient outcomes.

PGY1 PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Mariah Sigala, PharmD

Mariah Sigala earned both her BSA in Biochemistry and PharmD from The University of Texas at Austin in 2021. Following completion of PGY1, Mariah will continue her postgraduate training as a PGY2 Critical Care Pharmacy Resident at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Primary project preceptor: Celia Morton, PharmD, BCCCP

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference.

| 11

Impact of Hypoalbuminemia on Ceftriaxone Treatment Failure in Patients with Enterobacterales Bacteremia

Evan L. Steere, PharmD, MS; Taryn A. Eubank, PharmD, BCIDP; Megan H. Cooper, PharmD; Sage B. Greenlee, PharmD; Ty C. Drake, PharmD, BCIDP

PURPOSE

Ceftriaxone is a frequently used antibiotic among hospitalized patients in the United States due to convenient dosing and robust Gram-negative activity. However, patients with hypoalbuminemia may experience a greater degree of drug clearance and suboptimal exposure due to its high protein binding affinity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of hypoalbuminemia on clinical outcomes among hospitalized patients treated with ceftriaxone for Enterobacterales bacteremia

METHODS

We performed a retrospective cohort study to assess the impact of hypoalbuminemia (plasma albumin ≤ 2.5 g/dL) on treatment failure among hospitalized adults with monomicrobial Enterobacterales bacteremia that received at least 72 hours of CRO therapy. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay, total duration of antibiotic therapy, and time to infection resolution. Propensity score matching was performed based on the probability of hypoalbuminemia.

RESULTS

A total of 448 patients met study criteria and 260 patients were included in the propensity score matched analysis. The majority of patients developed bacteremia from a urinary source (71.5%), and Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen identified (72.3%). Compared to patients with normoalbuminemia, those with hypoalbuminemia experienced numerically higher rates of treatment failure although this difference did not reach statistical significance (12.3% vs. 7.7%, P = 0.21). Among the subgroup of patients receiving care in the intensive care unit, the impact of hypoalbuminemia on treatment failure was more pronounced (24.4% vs. 7.3%, P = 0.07).

CONCLUSION

Hypoalbuminemia may increase the risk of CRO treatment failure in patients with Enterobacterales bacteremia especially in those that are critically ill.

Evan L. Steere, PharmD

Evan earned his PharmD from the University of Kansas in 2021. Following the completion of his PGY1 residency, Evan will continue his postgraduate training as a PGY2 Infectious Diseases Pharmacy Resident at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Primary project preceptor: Ty Drake, PharmD, BCIDP

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference.

12 |
PGY1 PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate and Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia in Hospitalized Patients

Eileen Sullivan, PharmD; Melanie Ruegger, PharmD, BCPS; Ian Dunne, PharmD, BCPS; Neil Sutaria, MD; William Towers, PharmD, BCPS

PURPOSE

Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte abnormality that has been associated with life-threatening arrhythmias and increased mortality. Due to the ability to exchange potassium for other electrolytes in the gastrointestinal tract, potassium binders are a mainstay of treatment in the acute care setting. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two commonly utilized potassium binders ¬sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) - for the treatment of hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included 3,903 patients with a potassium level greater than 5 mEq/L who received either SPS or SZC for the treatment of hyperkalemia between May 2018 and August 2021. Patients who received dialysis prior to SPS/SZC administration or a repeat potassium level and those who received other potassium lowering medications for treating hyperkalemia were excluded.

RESULTS

The mean reduction in serum potassium 4-24 hours after potassium binder administration was 0.96 mEq/L with SPS and 0.78 mEq/L with SZC. The mean total dose of SPS and SZC leading to these reductions was 25 g SPS and 10 g SZC respectively. The rate of hyperkalemia resolution within 24 hours was higher in patients who received SPS (74.9%) compared with SZC (68.8%). Overall, other electrolyte derangements were rare, but there was a greater incidence of hypomagnesemia with SPS. No events of intestinal necrosis were noted in this study.

CONCLUSION

Both SPS and SZC effectively lowered potassium within 24 hours of administration in hospitalized patients and demonstrated favorable safety profiles. While a statistically greater reduction in potassium was seen with SPS compared to SZC, most patients receiving SZC received only a single 10 g dose. Further dosing comparisons between both agents are needed to optimize the potassium lowering effects for the treatment of acute hyperkalemia.

PGY1 PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Eileen Sullivan, PharmD

Eileen earned her BS in Biochemistry and PharmD from the University of Texas at Austin in 2021. Following completion of her PGY1, Eileen will be completing a PGY2 in Internal Medicine at Houston Methodist.

Primary project preceptor: Melanie Ruegger, PharmD, BCPS

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference.

| 13

Impact of Pharmacy Liaison Service and Institutional Specialty Pharmacy on the Time to Medications Delivery for Patients Newly Started on Oral Oncolytics: a Before and After Study

PURPOSE

Oral oncolytic offers several benefits compared to intravenous chemotherapy. However, it also creates a unique set of challenges including toxicity identification/management, financial barriers, and complications of drug distribution model through specialty pharmacy. There are pros and cons to institutional-based versus non-institutional-based specialty pharmacies. with the increase in oral oncolytics in diverse cancers and differences in clinical practice across institutions, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of institution-based specialty pharmacy and pharmacy liaison service on oral oncolytic availability and addressing barriers to optimal patient outcomes.

METHODS

A single center, retrospective chart review was conducted on patients that were prescribed oral oncolytic and received services from Houston Methodist Hospital’s specialty pharmacy and pharmacy liaisons from January 2021 to August 2021. The data were, subsequently, compared to when these services were not available (January 2017-August 2017). The primary endpoint aimed to assess the impact of pharmacy liaison service and institutional specialty pharmacy on the acquisition time of oral oncolytic agents. The secondary endpoints include the financial barriers identified by pharmacy liaisons, the drug-related toxicities identified by the specialty pharmacy, and the number of hospitalizations due to oral oncolytic toxicity.

RESULTS

During the study timeframe, 102 patients filled new-start oral oncolytics through the specialty pharmacy. The median time to oral oncolytic availability (defined as time interval between when prescription was written to when patient received medication, in days) was 4 days, compared to 8 days prior to specialty pharmacy implementation. Among these 102 patients, the pharmacy liaisons achieved 67 approved prior authorizations, with the remaining 35 patients not requiring prior authorizations after initial investigation by the pharmacy liaisons. Financial assistance was provided to 34 patients for a total amount of approximately $50,051.84. The percentage of treatment-related adverse effects (TRAE) per patient identified by specialty pharmacy was approximately 18% higher compared to the pre-specialty pharmacy phase. Management of TRAE involved supportive care, dose reduction, and/ or chemotherapy discontinuation. Severe TRAE resulting in hospitalization or non-routine clinic visit occurred in 16% of patients compared to 19% reported before the establishment of specialty pharmacy.

CONCLUSION

As the use of oral chemotherapy agents continues to increase, data from this study highlight how specialty pharmacy and pharmacy liaison services benefit oncology patients. By providing patients with financial assistance, education and effective management of adverse effects, specialty pharmacies can increase adherence and improve treatment outcomes.

Tania Baigi, PharmD

Primary

Presented

14 |
Tania earned her PharmD from MCPHS University in 2021. She is completing her PGY1 pharmacy residency at Houston Methodist Hospital. Following completion of her PGY1, Tania will seek a clinical pharmacist position in the future. project preceptor: Veronica Ajewole, PharmD, BCOP at 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference. PGY1 PHARMACY RESIDENCY - INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES Tania Baigi, PharmD; Ashka Patel, PharmD, BCOP; Cynthia El Rahi, PharmD, BCOP; Javon Artis, PharmD, MS; Veronica Ajewole, PharmD, BCOP

Evaluation of Risk Factors for Supratherapeutic Anti-Xa Levels in Hospitalized Patients without Severe Renal Impairment Receiving Treatment-Dose Enoxaparin

PURPOSE

The standard dose of enoxaparin for therapeutic anticoagulation is 1 mg/kg every 12 hours in patients with a CrCl > 30 mL/minute. At Houston Methodist Hospital (HMH), we anecdotally observed supratherapeutic antifactor Xa (anti-Xa) levels in patients with CrCl well above this cutoff. These patients often had independently elevated BUN levels and many were COVID-19 positive. Outside of pregnancy, obesity, and renal impairment, literature describing the association between BUN or other factors that may increase the risk of supratherapeutic anti-Xa levels is sparse. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for supratherapeutic anti-Xa levels to inform empiric enoxaparin dosing strategies.

METHODS

This retrospective study included adult patients admitted within the HMH System between June 1, 2016 and December 1, 2021 that received enoxaparin at a dose of 0.91 to 1.09 mg/kg every 12 hours and had an anti-Xa level drawn 3 to 7 hours after at least 3 doses. Patients were excluded if they had a CrCl < 30 mL/min or received a factor Xa inhibitor within 7 days prior to the initial anti-Xa level. The primary outcome was the correlation between BUN and anti-Xa levels. Secondary outcomes included the association between other patient characteristics and supratherapeutic anti-Xa levels, as well as the incidence of major bleeding and breakthrough thrombosis in patients with supratherapeutic initial anti-Xa levels versus those with therapeutic or subtherapeutic levels.

RESULTS

A total of 732 patients met inclusion criteria. A small correlation was found between BUN and anti-Xa levels, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.25 (p<0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that female gender, rising BMI, lower CrCl, and concomitant corticosteroid administration were associated with an increased risk of supratherapeutic anti-Xa levels (p<0.05). The association of BUN with supratherapeutic levels was not statistically significant (p=0.265). There were no significant differences in the incidence of major bleeding or breakthrough thrombosis in patients with supratherapeutic anti-Xa levels as compared to those with therapeutic or subtherapeutic levels.

CONCLUSION

Elevated BUN was not significantly associated with supratherapeutic anti-Xa levels when evaluated in a multivariable regression model. Patient characteristics that retained a statistically significant association included female gender, BMI, CrCl, and concomitant corticosteroid administration. In this study, we identified patientspecific factors that may increase the risk of developing supratherapeutic anti-Xa levels in patients with normal renal function and may be important to consider when empirically dosing therapeutic enoxaparin.

PGY1 PHARMACY RESIDENCY - INTERNATIONAL GRADUATES

| 15
Donna Barakeh, PharmD Donna earned her PharmD degree from the Lebanese American University in 2020. Following completion of her PGY1, Donna will continue her postgraduate training as a PGY2 Critical Care Pharmacy Resident at Houston Methodist Hospital. Primary project preceptor: Mahmoud Sabawi, PharmD, BCCCP Presented at 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference. Donna Barakeh, PharmD; Michael Sirimaturos, PharmD, BCNSP, BCCCP, FCCM; Elsie Rizk, PharmD; Hangil Seo, BCPS, BCCCP; Mahmoud Sabawi, PharmD, BCCCP

Evaluation of a Pharmacy-Initiated Fall Consult

PURPOSE

To assess whether a pharmacy-initiated consult based on the Hester Davis Scale, a nursing driven assessment tool to identify patients at high risk for falls, increased pharmacy interventions in hospitalized patients.

METHODS

This was an IRB approved, single-center, randomized study that enrolled patients ≥ 70 years old with a HDS ≥ 18, and those who had a fall within the past month or during current admission between January to July 2021. Clinical pharmacists performed an evaluation of all medications that increased risk of falls and made recommendations in the intervention group. The primary outcome was the number of accepted pharmacy recommendations to modify medication that increase risk of falls. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), inpatient falls, and mortality.

RESULTS

The study included 561 patients, 291 patients in the control group and 270 patients in the intervention group. There was an increase in pharmacist recommendations in the intervention group compared to the control group (20% vs 11%; p=0.021). Opioids and cardiovascular agents were the most common categories with accepted interventions.

CONCLUSION

The results of this study suggest a benefit in pharmacistfocused review to optimize pharmacotherapy regimens in patients at high risk of falls. Future studies should aim to assess the association between pharmacist interventions with reduction in falls.

Shireen Rasheed, PharmD

Primary

16 |
Shireen earned her PharmD from Texas A&M Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy in 2021. Following completion of her PGY1 residency, Shireen will be completing a PGY2 ambulatory care residency at JPS Hospital in Fort Worth, Texas. project preceptor: Meghan Thibeaux, PharmD, BCPS Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference. Shireen Rasheed, PharmD; Meghan Thibeaux, PharmD, BCPS; Brittany Yalamanchili, PharmD, BCPS; Punit Shah, PharmD, BCIDP; Kathryn Agarwal, MD PGY1 PHARMACY RESIDENCY – HOUSTON METHODIST SUGAR LAND

Evaluation of Nasal MRSA PCR-Driven De-Escalation of AntiMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Antibiotics for Pneumonia: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Cylene Ann Talabucon, PharmD; Punit J. Shah, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP; Sapana Desai, PharmD, BCPS; Chiamaka Ike, PharmD, BCPS, BCCP, BCCCP; Christine Huls, PharmD, BCPS; Rebecca Kessinger, PharmD, BCCCP; Hoang Huynh, PharmD, MBA, BCPS; Judy Ikwuagwu, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP

PURPOSE

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen of concern in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and has been infrequently implicated in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The administration and monitoring of anti-MRSA antibiotics (vancomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline) for pneumonia are associated with significant healthcare costs and increased risk of adverse events. As MRSA is a natural colonizer of the nares, the nasal MRSA PCR has been identified as a tool to guide antimicrobial therapy in patients with suspected pneumonia. It has a high negative predictive value for ruling out MRSA pneumonia in both CAP (98.4%) and HAP (97.7%) and may be utilized as an antimicrobial stewardship tool for de-escalating anti-MRSA antimicrobials prescribed for pneumonia.

METHODS

The primary objective was to assess change in perceived just culture after distribution of the medication safety newsletter, which was measured by change in percentage of negative responses (PNR) to the just culture assessment tool (JCAT) pre- and post- intervention.

RESULTS

Utilizing the MRSA PCR reduced the mean duration of therapy of empiric MRSA therapy for respiratory tract infections by 1.3 days (3.9 days for the no MRSA PCR group versus 2.6 days for the MRSA PCR group; P = 0.0001; 95% CI: 0.94 to 1.71). This was driven by two thirds (63%) of our pharmacists were able to successfully intervene through de-escalating or discontinuing antibiotics. Being admitted into the ICU increased duration of therapy (P < 0.0001; 95% CI: 0.40 to 1.08) versus utilizing the MRSA PCR decreased duration of therapy (P < 0.0001; 95% CI: -1.77 to 1-.01).

CONCLUSION

in conclusion, our retrospective chart review found that using the nasal MRSA PCR resulted in significant reduction in duration of therapy of vancomycin, linezolid, and ceftaroline. These findings support the role of pharmacists and nasal MRSA PCR testing in antimicrobial stewardship to encourage de-escalation of therapy for patients with respiratory tract infections.

Cylene Ann G. Talabucon, PharmD

Cylene

Primary project preceptor: Punit J. Shah, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference.

| 17
PGY1 PHARMACY RESIDENCY – HOUSTON METHODIST SUGAR LAND completed her PharmD from Belmont University College of Pharmacy in 2021. She completed her PGY1 residency at Houston Methodist Sugar Land Hospital. Following completion of her PGY1, Cylene will be seeking a clinical pharmacist position in the future.

Development and Evaluation of an Outpatient Pharmacy Infusion Productivity Model

PURPOSE

Evolving pharmacy practices have challenged historic workload efficiencies. Inadequate staffing may lead to delays in therapy and concerns for the safety of patient care. The primary objective was to identify and quantify key performance indicators (KPIs) that capture all valuable clinical and operational activities performed by staff pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and compounding robot within outpatient pharmacy infusion areas.

METHODS

This was a retrospective review of all outpatient infusion preparations compounded at Houston Methodist Hospital between July 2020 to August 2021. Data were extracted from the electronic health record and intravenous (IV) workflow management system to examine workflows between various staff and technology implemented during the selected time frame. A relative value unit (RVU) unit of service was calculated, as a weighted value to express relative values of other activities and to conform workload into a standard unit. In this instance, 1 RVU is equivalent to 1 hour of labor. This is to incorporate cognitive clinical review and compounding activities that more accurately represent complexity-weighted verifications and complexityweighted doses dispensed.

RESULTS

A total of 12,481 hazardous preparations and 10,250 non-hazardous preparations were manually compounded during the period. The median total processing time for hazardous products was 26 minutes (0.43 RVUs) and was 15 minutes (0.25 RVUs) for non-hazardous products. For all preparations, the median time for pharmacist first verification was 9 minutes (0.2 RVUs), second verification was 4 minutes (0.07 RVUs), and sort was 13 minutes (0.22 RVUs). Additionally, the median time for technician preparation was 10 minutes (0.17 RVUs).

CONCLUSION

The number of hazardous preparations outweighed nonhazardous preparations in both quantity and complexity. This data supports a staffing model that can be predicted on median order processing times for hazardous and nonhazardous preparations, as well as ancillary functions in an outpatient pharmacy infusion satellite.

PGY1/PGY2 HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY ADMINISTRATION AND LEADERSHIP RESIDENCY

Alfred Awuah, PharmD

Alfred earned his Bachelor of Science in biological science from Georgia State University and his Doctor of Pharmacy from the University of Georgia. Following completion of the PGY1 year, Alfred will continue his residency training in the combined program as a PGY2 Health-System Pharmacy Administration and Leadership resident.

Primary project preceptor: Adam Smith, PharmD, MS, BCPS

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference.

18 |
Alfred Awuah, PharmD; Adam Smith, PharmD, MS, BCPS; David Putney, PharmD, MPH, BCPS

Assessment of an Integrated Clinical Surveillance Alert System

Nathan Jones, PharmD, MS; Matthew A. Wanat, PharmD, BCPS, BCCCP, FCCM; David Putney, PharmD, MPH, BCPS; Engie Attia, PharmD, BCPS; Mobolaji Adeola, PharmD, BCPS; Mabel Truong, PharmD, BCPS; Alex C. Varkey, PharmD, MS, FAPhA

PURPOSE

Utilization of traditional clinical decision support for pharmacotherapy orders at time of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) and pharmacist order verification is widely utilized in the hospital pharmacy setting. Many electronic health records (EHR) systems lack more advanced, automated clinical surveillance capabilities or alerts to assess ongoing monitoring requirements of medications. Standalone clinical surveillance software services are available that provide this more advanced monitoring assistance but come with similar challenges for pharmacist use including alert fatigue and non-integration in the EHR. This assessment will describe the changes in alert acknowledgement and intervention rate after integration of a clinical surveillance alert system with an electronic health record.

METHODS

This is a 60-day pre-post quasi-experimental study to assess an EHR integrated clinical surveillance alerting system. Eight alerts were added to an integrated alert system and included in the analysis depending on pharmacist utility, clinical value, and frequency, based on baseline alert data. The primary outcome assessed was alert acknowledgement rate by clinical pharmacists, secondary outcomes include time to alert acknowledgement and alertdriven pharmacist intervention rate.

RESULTS

A total of 176 interventions in the pre-intervention period and 230 alerts in the post-intervention period were included. Alerts acknowledgement rate increased from 19.9% to 42.2% (95% CI 0.20 - 0.54. p<0.05), time to acknowledgement was reduced from 20.9 hours to 9.7 hours (p=0.051), and pharmacist intervention rate increased from 18.1% to 20.0% with an absolute increase of 8 interventions, (p=0.89).

CONCLUSION

The use of clinical surveillance alerting systems can identify meaningful pharmacy-led therapy interventions in a pharmacy consult service model. Integration of such systems into the EHR improved alert utilization and in our study was associated with a higher rate of pharmacist mediated therapy intervention identified by an alert.

Nathan Jones, PharmD, MS

Nathan earned his PharmD from the University of Kansas School of Pharmacy in 2020, and MS from the University of Houston College of Pharmacy in 2022. Following completion of his residency, Nathan has accepted a manager position at Children’s Mercy in Kansas City, Missouri.

Primary project preceptor: David Putney, PharmD, MPH, BCPS

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Alcalde Southwest Leadership Conference.

| 19
PGY1/PGY2 HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY ADMINISTRATION AND LEADERSHIP RESIDENCY

Impact of a

Computerized

Physician Order Entry Intervention on Potentially Inappropriate Medications Use and Delirium in Older

Adult Patients

Alan Luu, PharmD; Kathryn Agarwal, MD; Nghi (Andy) Bui, PharmD; Mobolaji Adeola, PharmD, BCPS; Amaris Fuentes, PharmD, BCCCP; Sunny Bhakta, PharmD, MS, BCP

PURPOSE

The Beers Criteria are guidelines that provide recommendations on the usage of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in older adults. Our institution began implementation of active clinical decision support (CDS) alerting in the computerized provider order entry (CPOE) in 2018 to six medications. After the 2019 Beers criteria revision, the initiative was expanded in 2020 to 17 medications. A passive-CDS approach to establish a geriatric ordering context within the electronic health record (EHR) and CPOE system focused on provision of appropriate dosages, frequency defaults and medication selection in older adults. This study aims to evaluate the impact of CDS geriatric context changes implemented within our health-system on medication usage patterns.

METHODS

This is a retrospective descriptive study comparing institutional EHR data between January to September 2019 (pre-implementation) and January to September 2020 (post-implementation). Data included all doses of 17 intervened medications ordered during this time in patients age 65 or older. The primary endpoint is the percentage of PIMs with an ordered dose and frequency beyond the context parameters. Secondary outcomes include total daily dose and average dose per patient, listed by each medication intervened.

RESULTS

A total of 62,738 hospital admissions were included (32,969 pre-implementation and 29,769 postimplementations). Diphenhydramine showed a change from 2.9% pre-implementation to 3.4% post-implementation (P<0.001) in doses ordered. Lorazepam showed a change from 30.8% pre-implementation to 30.9% postimplementation (P<0.018). Alprazolam, amitriptyline and chlorpromazine showed an increase in inappropriate dose. Amitriptyline, cyclobenzaprine and imipramine showed an increase in inappropriate frequency. Chlorpromazine, cyclobenzaprine, diazepam, diphenhydramine, haloperidol, hydroxyzine, lorazepam, meclizine, metoclopramide, methocarbamol and promethazine showed statistically significant reductions in AD and TDD. Chlorpromazine and diazepam showed the greatest reduction in inappropriate AD by 32% and TDD by 30% respectively.

CONCLUSION

Utilization of a passive CDS process for implementation of the geriatric context demonstrated beneficial changes to our primary and secondary endpoints. This tool has allowed our institution to align ISMP’s recommendations for designing safe and effective processes for CPOE in our geriatric cohort. Moving forward, this passive CDS model utilized in our geriatric cohort will continue to be expanded on with additional medications and other select populations.

PGY1/PGY2 HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY ADMINISTRATION AND LEADERSHIP RESIDENCY

Alan Luu, PharmD

Alan earned his PharmD from the University of Houston College of Pharmacy in 2021. Following completion of his PGY1, Alan will continue postgraduate training as a PGY2 pharmacy resident in the health-system pharmacy administration and leadership program at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Primary project preceptor: Nghi (Andy) Bui, PharmD

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference.

20 |

Impact of Unit-Based Pharmacy Technicians at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center

Niha Zafar, PharmD, MS; Engie Attia, PharmD, BCPS; David Putney, PharmD, MPH; Amanda Beck, PharmD, MS; Alex Varkey, PharmD, MS; Kevin Garey, PharmD, MS

PURPOSE

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a unit-based pharmacy technician service on the quality of patient care provided within a tertiary academic medical center, defined by its effect on clinical pharmacist efficacy, the discharge process, and operational efficiency.

METHODS

A quasi-experimental, single-center pilot study was conducted to evaluate the integration of two unit-based pharmacy technicians on four acute care cardiology and neurology floors. Their specific primary functions included completing medication histories, performing insurance coverage verification, screening for high-cost medications and prior authorizations, and facilitating utilization of the bedside medication delivery program. The primary endpoint was a composite of clinical pharmacist efficacy, defined as the documented number of advanced clinical interventions (aside from pharmacy consult-related interventions), prior authorizations, discharge counseling, and discharge process support. Secondary endpoints included various operational and outcomes metrics, such as medication re-dispense rates, medication message rates, length of stay, length of stay index, 30-day readmission rates, and patient satisfaction scores. Patients were included only with a discharge disposition to home in the pre-intervention period from October 2020 to January 2021 and the post-intervention period from October 2021 to January 2022.

RESULTS

of the 2076 patients who met inclusion criteria in the postintervention period, approximately 35.5% had an intervention performed by a unit-based pharmacy technician during hospitalization. The composite rate of clinical pharmacist interventions per number of patients discharged significantly increased from 31% in the pre-intervention period to 38% in the post-intervention period (95% CI, -12.86 to -2.03, p<0.01). There was also a significant increase in the rate of prior authorizations completed from 2% to 7% (95% CI, -6.65 to -2.98, p<0.01). A nonsignificant increase was noted in the number of discharge counseling from 9% to 10% (95% CI, -5.06 to 2.38, p=0.47), other discharge support interventions from 3% to 4% (95% CI, -1.77 to 0.37), and non-consult interventions from 17% to 18% (95% CI, -3.91 to 2.83) performed between the pre- and post-intervention periods. A statistically significant reduction in the 30-day readmission rate from 9.7% to 7.3% was observed (95% CI, 0.43 to 4.29, p=0.02). There was no significant difference in length of stay, length of stay index, or satisfaction scores for patients who were seen by unit-based pharmacy technicians.

CONCLUSION

Unit-based pharmacy technicians contributed to improving clinical pharmacist efficacy, decreasing 30-day readmission rates, and decreasing the rate of missing doses through various patient care support and operational tasks in this study. Additional studies are needed to identify the most optimal workflow and productivity metrics for unit-based pharmacy technicians to achieve desired goals in a targeted area of focus.

HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY ADMINISTRATION AND LEADERSHIP RESIDENCY

Niha Zafar, PharmD, MS

Niha completed her undergraduate coursework and earned her PharmD from the University of Houston College of Pharmacy in 2020. She also concurrently completed her MS in Pharmacy Leadership and Administration from the University of Houston over the course of the residency program. Following completion of her PGY2 residency, Niha will assume the role of Pharmacy Administrative Specialist at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Primary project preceptor: Engie Attia, PharmD, BCPS

Presented

| 21
PGY1/PGY2 at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Alcalde Southwest Leadership Conference.

Electronic Health Record Tools for Improving Patient Access to Prescriptions After Hospital Discharge

Wenfei Wei, PharmD; Rafael Felippi, PharmD, BCPS; Ghalib Abbasi, PharmD, MS, MBA; Theresa Pinn, R2; Kelly St. Rose; Isha Rana, PharmD

PURPOSE

Assess the impact of electronic health record (EHR) interventions on patient access to post-hospital discharge prescriptions.

METHODS

Five interventions were implemented in the EHR to improve patient access to prescriptions after discharge from hospital: electronic prior authorization (EPA), alternative medication suggestions, order sets, mail order pharmacy alerts, and medication interchange instructions. Patient responses from discharges during six months before the first intervention implementation and six months after the last intervention implementation were documented in the EHR and a transition-in-care platform. Primary endpoint was the proportion of discharges with patient-reported issues that would have been prevented by the studied interventions out of number of discharges with at least one prescription.

RESULTS

Discharges with patient-reported issues that would have been prevented by the studied interventions out of 1,000 discharges with prescriptions decreased from 1.68 to 1.07 (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

interventions in the EHR reduce barriers faced by patients to picking up prescriptions post-discharge from hospital, potentially leading to improved patient satisfaction and improved health outcomes. Important factors to consider for EHR intervention implementation are workflow development and intrusiveness of clinical decision support. Similar implementations to the five studied interventions should be made to continuously improve patients’ access to prescriptions after discharge from hospital.

Wenfei Wei, PharmD

Wenfei earned her PharmD from Texas A&M University College of Pharmacy in 2020. She is currently completing the second year of her 2-year Pharmacy informatics Residency at Houston Methodist Hospital. Following completion of her PGY2 residency, Wenfei will remain at Houston Methodist in a Pharmacy informatics Specialist role.

Primary project preceptor: Isha Rana, PharmD

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference.

22 |
PGY1/PGY2 PHARMACY INFORMATICS RESIDENCY

Anti-Xa Guided Direct Oral Anticoagulant Reversal with Four-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate

Caitlin E. Labay, PharmD; Celia Morton, PharmD; Annette Lista, PharmD; JD Fields, MS; Christina Cisar, BS; Suraj Sulhan, MD; Kevin R. Donahue, PharmD

PURPOSE

Major bleeding in patients taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is associated with significant cost and increased mortality. DOAC reversal with four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) has a hemostatic failure rate of 20%. While use of DOAC anti-Xa levels to guide dosing of 4F-PCC is a theoretical strategy to optimize outcomes, data is lacking.

METHODS

This was a single-center, retrospective study that compared patients with and without rivaroxaban or apixaban DOAC antiXa levels prior to reversal with 4F-PCC. The primary outcome was total cumulative dose of 4F-PCC administered.

RESULTS

A total of 199 patients were included. Fifty-two had a DOAC anti-Xa levels. The most common indication for reversal was major bleeding (90.4% level group vs. 85.7% no-level group). Median cumulative dose of 4F-PCC was not different between groups (39.3 units/kg [IQR 26.450.2] level group vs. 35.6 units/kg [IQR 24.3-49] no-level group; p = 0.3). DOAC anti-Xa levels did not correlate with hemostatic efficacy, however among patients who received DOAC anti-Xa monitoring, the dose of 4F-PCC trended higher in those who achieved hemostasis compared to those who did not both for patients on apixaban (40.2 units/kg effective hemostasis vs. 36.0 units/kg ineffective hemostasis) and rivaroxaban (46.4 units/kg 4F-PCC effective hemostasis vs. 22.2 units/kg ineffective hemostasis).

CONCLUSION

No significant difference was observed in total 4F-PCC dose or clinical outcomes when utilizing DOAC specific anti-Xa levels. Furthermore, DOAC anti-Xa level monitoring did not impede patient care and may result in trends toward more effective hemostasis.

PGY2 CRITICAL CARE PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Caitlin Labay, PharmD

Caitlin received her Doctor of Pharmacy degree from The University of Texas at Austin and completed her PGY1 training at Houston Methodist Hospital. Following the completion of her PGY2 in Critical Care, Caitlin assume the role of a critical care clinical pharmacist at Methodist Hospital in San Antonio, TX.

Primary project preceptor: Kevin Donahue, PharmD

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and TMC Critical Care Research Forum.

| 23

Vancomycin Dosing in High-Intensity Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Nina Srour, PharmD; Chelsea Lopez, PharmD, BCCCP; Luma Succar, PharmD, BCCCP; Peter Nguyen, MD

PURPOSE

An inverse relationship exists between vancomycin serum concentrations and CRRT doses, reflected through the dialysate flow rate (DFR). There remains a lack of evidence to guide initial vancomycin dosing in the setting of high CRRT doses (i.e. DFR >30 mL/kg/h). Improved understanding of the influence of CRRT doses on vancomycin AUC/MIC has the potential to enhance antibiotic dosing and therefore efficacy. The goal of this study is to evaluate current vancomycin dosing strategies and achievement of pharmacokinetic targets in patients on high dose CRRT.

METHODS

This was a single center, retrospective cohort study of adult critically ill patients admitted to Houston Methodist between May 2019 – October 2021 and received vancomycin therapy while on high dose CRRT. High dose CRRT was defined by a DFR that was both ≥3 L/hr and >30 mL/kg/ hr. Depending on the initial vancomycin dosing strategy, patients were stratified into either the traditional (≤15 mg/ kg/day) or enhanced (>15 mg/kg/day) dosing group. The primary outcome was the difference in the rate of AUC:MIC goal (≥ 400 mg*hr/L) attainment between the two groups.

RESULTS

A total of 125 patients were included in the final analysis. The primary endpoint occurred in 74% and 54% of patients in the enhanced and traditional dosing groups, respectively (p=0.029). Therapeutic vancomycin trough levels (10–20 µg/mL) were more commonly achieved in the enhanced dosing group (66.7% vs 45%, p=0.013). As DFR rose, increasingly higher doses of vancomycin, up to 27 mg/kg/ day, were required to achieve the therapeutic targets.

CONCLUSION

This is the first study to evaluate the influence of variable CRRT doses on vancomycin AUC/MIC. Our findings suggest that vancomycin doses ≥ 15 mg/kg/day are needed to achieve early therapeutic targets in patients on high dose CRRT.

Nina Srour, PharmD

Nina graduated with her Doctorate of Pharmacy degree from the University of Colorado at Denver. She completed her PGY1 Pharmacy Residency at Houston Methodist Hospital. Following completion of her PGY2 residency, Nina has accepted a position as a pediatric critical care pharmacist at Seattle Children’s Hospital.

Primary project preceptor: Chelsea Lopez, PharmD, BCCCP

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and TMC Critical Care Research Forum.

24 |
PGY2 CRITICAL CARE PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Extended Duration Vancomycin (EDV) Versus Standard of Care for initial Clostridioides Difficile Episode in Solid Organ Transplant (SOT) Recipients

PURPOSE

C. difficile infection (CDI) occurs up to 5-times more frequently among solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients compared to the general population and is associated with significant graft loss and mortality. Current treatment recommendations come primarily from studies in immunocompetent individuals, there remains a lack of evidence specifically in SOT patients. The objective of this review is to evaluate the use of extended duration vancomycin (EDV) as a primary treatment for index CDI to reduce recurrent CDI in SOT patients.

METHODS

This was a retrospective chart review of all SOT recipients across the Houston Methodist system from February 15, 2018 to June 30, 2021 who were diagnosed with, and treated for, index C. difficile episode. Diagnosis of C. difficile included a positive PCR test and documentation of diarrhea preceding the test. EDV was defined as at least 21 days of oral vancomycin; non-EDV was defined as no more than 20 days of either oral vancomycin or fidaxomicin. The primary endpoint was recurrence at 30 days from end of treatment. The secondary endpoints were recurrence at 90 days from end of treatment, incidence of recurrence, and overall time to recurrence.

RESULTS

Overall 103 patients were included; 47 and 56 patients in the EDV and non-EDV cohorts, respectively. Median duration of treatment was 25 days in the EDV group and 14 days in the non-EDV group. The primary endpoint was significantly lower in the EDV cohort (2.1 vs 12.5%, p=0.050). Ninety-day recurrence was similar between groups (17.0% vs 19.6%). The overall recurrence rate was 32.0% and similar between groups. Median time to recurrence was numerically longer in the EDV cohort (81.5 days vs 49 days).

CONCLUSION

Solid organ transplant patients have a myriad of risk factors that predispose them to C. difficile infection and recurrence. in order to reduce CDI in this population, it is imperative to reduce or mitigate risk factors wherever possible. Best available treatment for CDI in these patients has not yet been fully elucidated. Vancomycin remains a mainstay of therapy for these patients and extended-duration vancomycin may present a viable initial option to reduce recurrence. Further studies comparing primary treatments and durations in SOT recipients are needed to validate these findings.

Melissa O’Neal, PharmD

| 25
Melissa earned her PharmD from the University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy in 2020. She completed her PGY1 residency at Houston Methodist Hospital. Following completion of her PGY2 residency, Melissa has accepted an ID Specialist position at Tampa General Hospital. Primary project preceptor: William L. Musick, PharmD, BCIDP Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference. Melissa P. O’Neal, PharmD; William L. Musick, PharmD, BCIDP; Kevin Grimes, MD, MPH, FIDSA PGY2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Direct Oral to Parenteral Anticoagulants: Role of Factor Xa inhibitor-Specific Anti-Xa Concentrations

Corey V. Dinunno, PharmD; Chelsea N. Lopez, PharmD, BCCCP; Luma Succar, PharmD, BCCCP; Duc T. Nguyen, MD, PhD; Edward A. Graviss, PhD, MPH; Eric Salazar, MD, PhD; Kevin R. Donahue, PharmD, BCPS

PURPOSE

increasing use of oral factor Xa inhibitors (FXaI) has led to increased interest in the clinical utility of laboratory monitoring to enhance safety and efficacy. Particularly, use of oral FXaI anti-Xa concentrations has gained traction and has been advocated for several indications, but limited studies have explored its role in guiding inpatient transitions from oral to parenteral anticoagulants. Therefore, additional data on such approaches are warranted to help balance bleed and thrombotic risks in the higher acuity inpatient setting. This study sought to compare two strategies for oral-to-parenteral anticoagulant transitions: FXaI anti-Xaguided versus standard of care (i.e., per-package insert).

METHODS

Hospitalized patients converted from an oral FXaI (apixaban or rivaroxaban) to therapeutic parenteral anticoagulation with or without FXaI anti-Xa concentration guidance were reviewed. The primary outcome of major bleeding, according to international Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis criteria, was compared between groups. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to evaluate patient characteristics associated with the major bleeding events.

RESULTS

A total of 845 patients met inclusion criteria. Major bleeding was significantly lower in the concentration-guided vs. the non-concentration-guided group (4.8% vs. 11.7%; p<0.001). There were no differences between the groups in thromboembolic complications (2.4% vs. 2.7%; p=0.73) despite a significantly longer time from last oral FXaI dose to parenteral anticoagulant initiation in the concentrationguided group (27.9 hours vs. 15.1 hours; p<0.001).

CONCLUSION

This analysis suggests using FXaI anti-Xa concentrations to guide transition from oral to parenteral anticoagulants may be beneficial in reducing major bleeds in select patient populations.

Corey Dinunno, PharmD

Corey earned his PharmD from the University of Connecticut College of Pharmacy in 2020. He completed his PGY1 residency at Houston Methodist Hospital. Following completion of his PGY2 residency, Corey has accepted a position as an Acute Care Clinical Pharmacy Specialist at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Primary project preceptor: Chelsea N. Lopez, PharmD, BCCCP

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network and 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference.

26 |
PGY2 INTERNAL MEDICINE PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Cardio-Oncologic Interventions for Cardiotoxicity Associated with Oral Chemotherapy

Karen Abboud, PharmD, BCPS; Godsfavour Umoru, PharmD; Barry Trachtenberg, MD; Veronica Ajewole, PharmD, BCOP

PURPOSE

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity has a wide variety of presentations including arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. The true prevalence and incidence of cardiotoxicity with oral chemotherapy medications is underreported, and data related to the management of patients who develop cardiotoxicity on these agents is limited. As oral targeted cancer treatments are expected to exponentially increase, continued investigations to determine the best monitoring and treatment strategies are crucial. The purpose of this study was to characterize the cardiooncologic interventions performed in a cohort of patients who experienced cardiotoxicity on oral chemotherapy.

METHODS

This was a retrospective, cohort study of patients admitted to the hospital system between June 2016 and July 31, 2021, who had at least one medical record order of oral chemotherapy agents considered to have cardiotoxic potential based on supporting literature or reported cases in the FDA Event Reporting System (FAERS) Pharmacovigilance Database, and had an ICD10 code for arrythmias, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, pericardial disease, and venous and/or arterial thrombosis after starting oral chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was to describe cardio-oncologic and medication-related interventions (reducing the dose, holding treatment, discontinuing treatment, or initiating cardioprotective medications). Secondary endpoints included the correlation between

cardiovascular risk factors and observed incidence of cardiotoxicity and the relationship between onset of cardiotoxicity and treatment duration.

RESULTS

A total of 67 patients were included. The majority (97%) had pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or a risk factor for CVD. The three most common classes of oral chemotherapy were aromatase inhibitors (36%), BCR-ABL inhibitors (16%), and VEGFR inhibitors (13%). New-onset or worsening heart failure (n=31), which occurred after a median of 148 days (IQR 43-476 days) and arrhythmias (n=30), which occurred after a median of 95.5 days (IQR 20.75-361 days), were the most common cardiotoxic events. Pharmacological treatment of the cardiotoxicity (n=44) and treatment interruption (n=18) were the most frequent interventions.

CONCLUSION

Pre-existing CVD or CV risk factors appear to predispose patients to cardiotoxicity. Real-world practice reveals that treatment is continued in most cases with temporary interruption and initiation of pharmacologic treatment. A multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach to treatment that includes temporary interruption of treatment during workup of the cardiotoxicity, discussion of risks/benefits of treatment continuation, and initiation of guideline-directed treatment is recommended until high-quality, drug-specific data for monitoring and treatment is available.

Karen Abboud, PharmD, BCPS

Primary project preceptor: Veronica Ajewole, PharmD, BCOP

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network, 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference and HOPA’s 18th Annual Conference 2022.

| 27
Karen earned her PharmD from the Lebanese American University in 2019. She completed her PGY1 residency at Houston Methodist Hospital in 2020. Following completion of her PGY2, Karen will be staying on as a pharmacy clinical specialist in oncology at Houston Methodist Hospital. PGY2 ONCOLOGY PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Evaluation of Extended Duration Letermovir in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

James Cox, PharmD, BCOP; Godsfavour Umoru, PharmD; Will Musick, PharmD, BCIDP; Rammurti Kamble, MD

PURPOSE

Recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants (HSCT) are highly susceptible to post‐transplant viral infections due to delayed immune reconstitution and long-term immunosuppression. Despite the use of prophylactic therapy, cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains the most common clinically significant infection in this patient population. It is not known if the patients that receive extended duration CMV prophylaxis with letermovir have less CMV reactivation and infection compared to those who do not. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of letermovir prophylaxis when continued for greater than 100 days post allogeneic stem cell transplant in CMV seropositive patients.

METHODS

A single-center retrospective chart review was conducted on all allogeneic HSCT recipients from November 2017 to July 2021. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were at least 18 years of age, received an allogeneic HSCT, CMV seropositive, and initiated letermovir between days 0-28 post-transplant. The primary endpoint of this study is to compare rates of CMV reactivation in patients that stopped letermovir prophylaxis at day 100 days post-transplant versus those who continued letermovir prophylaxis.

RESULTS

A total of 87 patients met eligibility criteria for inclusion. The median duration of letermovir was 78 days and 132 days in the standard and extended duration groups respectively. There were more CMV reactivations in the standard duration group versus the extended duration group, 28% versus 19% respectively. CMV pneumonitis was observed in one of the patients in the standard duration group. All-cause mortality at day 200 posttransplant was similar between the two groups.

CONCLUSION

Extended duration letermovir prophylaxis was associated with less CMV reactivation compared to the standard duration group.

PGY2 ONCOLOGY PHARMACY RESIDENCY

Breanna Hinman, PharmD

Breanna earned her PharmD from the University of Houston College of Pharmacy in 2020. She completed her PGY1 Pharmacy Residency at Houston Methodist Hospital in June 2021. Following completion of her oncology PGY2, Breanna has accepted a position as a Bone Marrow Transplant pharmacist at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Primary project preceptor: James Cox, PharmD, BCOP

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network, 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference and Hematology/Oncology Pharmacy Association (HOPA) Annual Conference.

28 |

Utility of Cytomegalovirus-Specific T-Cell Immunity Panel to Predict Cytomegalovirus infections in Lung Transplant Recipients

Richard W. Lincoln, PharmD; Brett J. Pierce, PharmD, BCPS; Christine Pham, PharmD; Simon Yau, MD; Ahmad Goodarzi, MD; Jihad G. Youssef, MD; Howard Huang, MD

PURPOSE

Lung transplant recipients (LTR’s) remain at the highest risk of CMV infection and disease in the solid organ transplant population. The use of cytomegalovirus T-cell immunity panels (CMV-TCIP) have been evaluated for use in the solid organ transplant population but given the limited data of CMV-TCIP in LTRs, we sought to describe our center’s experience with CMV TCIP in LTR.

METHODS

We reviewed all CMV TCIP results from LTRs drawn between 1/2019 – 6/2021. LTRs were excluded if they received a multi-organ transplant or re-transplantation. TCIP results were excluded if there was an assay control error or if no CMV PCR was checked after assay collection. Our primary outcome was the rate of CMV infection any point after TCIP collection. Secondary endpoints included CD4% and CD8%, characteristics of LTR’s who developed CMV infection, assessment of serial CMV TCIP monitoring, and characteristics of LTRs who did not show immunity.

RESULTS

A total of 191 CMV TCIPs from 156 LTRs were evaluated. Median time from transplant to CMV-TCIP was 687 (3891508) days. One hundred and twenty assays (62.8%) demonstrated immunity (both CD4% and CD8% >0.2%), with median CMV CD4% = 0.63% and CD8% = 1.42%. Twenty LTRs experienced a CMV infection after a TCIP was checked, 17/20 developed CMV after CMV TCIP was positive for immunity. CMV infection developed a median 121 of days after TCIP and 30% were off prophylaxis. Median CMV CD4% and CD8% in those who developed infection post-positive TCIP were 2.01% and 1.46%, respectively. ROC-AUC curve for CD4 and CD8 were 0.5663 and 0.5624 respectively. Twenty-nine patients had two or more CMV-TCIP drawn. Median time between repeat CMV-TCIP was 168 (122-298) days. The median change in CD4% and CD8% was -0.01 and 0.01 respectively.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that T-cell specific CMV immunity monitoring in lung transplantation may not be an absolute indicator of CMV immunity. There were marginal changes in TCIP with repeat testing. Prospective trials are needed to assess the utility of serial TCIP monitoring.

PGY2 SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RESIDENCY

Richard “Woody” Lincoln, PharmD

Woody earned his PharmD from the University of Cincinnati College of Pharmacy in 2020. He completed his PGY1 residency at The University of Cincinnati Medical Center. Following completion of his PGY2 residency, Woody has accepted a position as an Advanced Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Pharmacist at Banner University Medical Center – Phoenix.

Primary project preceptor: Brett J. Pierce, PharmD, BCOP Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network, 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference and 2022 American Transplant Congress in Boston, MA. This poster received an ATC Poster of Distinction Ribbon.

| 29

Plasmapheresis and Rituximab for Prevention of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Recurrence Post-Kidney Transplantation

Allison N. Yun, PharmD; Alex Rogers, PharmD, BCPS; Jill C. Krisl, PharmD, BCTXP; Anna Kagan, MD; Horacio E. Adrogue, MD; Abdul J. Khan, MD; Pascale Khairallah, MD; Stephanie G. Yi, MD; Mark J. Hobeika, MD; Robert R. McMillan, MD; Hemangshu Podder, MD; Ahmed O. Gaber, MD; Richard J. Knight, MD

PURPOSE

Primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) recurs after kidney transplantation (KT) in 30-50% of recipients with a median time of 1.5 months post-KT. Recurrence is associated with early graft loss in 60% of cases. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of pre-emptive therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and rituximab for the prevention of FSGS recurrence post-KT.

METHODS

This single-center, retrospective study included patients receiving KT for primary FSGS between May 2016 and August 2021. Living-donor KT recipients received three sessions of TPE prior to scheduled transplant. Recipients of both living and deceased donor KT received 3 postoperative sessions of TPE followed by one dose of 375 mg/m2 rituximab with or without intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) 0.5 g/kg. Recipients underwent protocol biopsy at one month to screen for FSGS recurrence. The primary endpoint was a composite for disease recurrence including proteinuria (≥1 g/day) or/and biopsy-proven FSGS within one month.

RESULTS

54 patients received KT for FSGS during the study period using the TPE/rituximab protocol. 5 patients (9%) experienced FSGS recurrence within one month of transplant. A total of 10 (23%) of 44 patients with followup were found to have disease recurrence within a year, with median (IQR) time to recurrence of 37 days (27-66). White race and history of hypertension were independent risk factors for recurrence, whereas African American race and diabetes were associated with a reduced risk of recurrence. 31 patients (57%) also received IVIG prior to discharge due to concerns for hypogammaglobulinemia. There were 18 documented infections in 13 patients (24%) within 3 months of transplant. Patients who received IVIG had significantly fewer cases of infection (3 cases: 1 viral and 2 COVID-19) compared to patients who did not receive IVIG (15 cases: 4 bacterial, 9 viral, 1 fungal, and 1 COVID-19), p<0.001. At one year, 9 patients (19%) had biopsy-proven rejection (5 acute cellular rejection, 1 antibody-mediated rejection, and 3 mixed rejection). There were no instances of graft loss or mortality observed at one year.

CONCLUSION

The utilization of plasma exchange and rituximab may prevent early disease recurrence of FSGS without significant rates of infection, graft loss, or mortality.

PGY2 SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT RESIDENCY

Allison Nara Yun, PharmD

Allison earned her PharmD from Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts in 2020. She completed her PGY1 Acute Care residency at Massachusetts General Hospital. After her completion of her PGY2 Solid Organ Transplant residency, Allison will stay on at Houston Methodist Hospital as an Abdominal Transplant Clinical Specialist.

Primary project preceptor: Alex Rogers, PharmD, BCPS

Presented at 2021 Virtual Vizient Pharmacy Network, 2022 Midwest Pharmacy Residents Conference and 2022 American Transplant Congress.

30 |

Hyperkalemia as a Potential Therapeutic Target to Prevent Delayed Graft Function Among Kidney Transplant Recipients

Joshua T. Swan, PharmD, MPH; Elsie Rizk, PharmD; Phuong Y Duong, PharmD; Bader M. Alghamdi, PharmD; Linda W. Moore, PhD; Alex W. Rogers, PharmD; Pascale Khairallah, MD; George M. Nassar, MD; Amy D. Waterman, PhD; William Irish, PhD; A. Osama Gaber, MD

PURPOSE

Up to 20% of kidney transplant (KT) recipients require hemodialysis within 7 daysfollowing transplant, which is referred to as delayed graft function (DGF). This study aimed to evaluate the role of hyperkalemia as the indication for initiating hemodialysis by considering all concurrent hemodialysis indications (hyperkalemia, uremic symptoms, acidemia, and edema) and the rationale documented by providers who ordered hemodialysis.

METHODS

This single-center, single-cohort, retrospective study included all KT recipients who received in-hospital hemodialysis within 7 days following a deceased or living donor kidney transplant at Houston Methodist Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019. Patients who had multiorgan transplant were excluded. Investigators abstracted information on hemodialysis indications from all electronic health record progress notes documented starting 24 hours before placement of the first hemodialysis order up to 12 hours after the end of the first hemodialysis session. The indication for the first hemodialysis was categorized as follows: (#1) exclusively for hyperkalemia, (#2) predominately for hyperkalemia, (#3) multiple indications including hyperkalemia, or (#4) not indicated for hyperkalemia. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with hyperkalemia (categories #1 or #2) as the indication for the first hemodialysis session.

RESULTS

A total of 45 KT recipients with DGF were included. The first session of hemodialysis was adjudicated as (#1) exclusively for hyperkalemia in 0% (n=0), (#2) predominately for hyperkalemia in 67% (n=30), (#3) multiple indications including hyperkalemia in 13% (n=6), or (#4) not indicated for hyperkalemia in 20% (n=9). Hyperkalemia was the indication for hemodialysis (categories #1 or #2) in 67% (95% CI, 51% to 80%) of KT recipients. During the 24-hour period prior to ordering the first hemodialysis, the maximum potassium value had an average of 6.0 ± 0.9 mEq/L. Majority of patients (60%) received up to 2 hemodialysis sessions within 7 days of KT.

CONCLUSION

Study findings suggest that hyperkalemia is a potential clinically meaningful DGF phenotype, which could provide a therapeutic target to reduce the incidence of DGF. This finding needs to be confirmed at other transplant centers.

CLINICAL PHARMACY FELLOWSHIP IN OUTCOMES RESEARCH

Phuong Duong, PharmD

Phuong earned her PharmD from MCPHS University – Boston in 2019. She completed her PGY1 residency at Cooley Dickinson Hospital in Northampton, Massachusetts. Phuong will continue postgraduate training at Houston Methodist Hospital as a second year Clinical Pharmacy Fellow.

Primary project preceptor: Joshua T. Swan, PharmD, MPH; and Elsie Rizk, PharmD

| 31

Specification, Validation and Adherence of Quality Indicators to Optimize the Safe Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Knee Osteoarthritis Pain in the Primary Care Setting

Joshua T. Swan, PharmD, MPH; Elsie Rizk, PharmD; Phuong Y Duong, PharmD; Bader M. Alghamdi, PharmD; Navjot Kaur, MS, PharmD; Sudha Nagaraj, MD; Anthony E. Brown, MD, MPH; Eleazar Flores, MD; Nathan Spence, PharmD; Sharla Tajchman, PharmD

PURPOSE

A multi-disciplinary expert panel at Houston Methodist recently established expert consensus on 15 prioritized, valid, and feasible quality indicators (QIs) that can be used to track quality initiatives for osteoarthritis (OA) pain management in the primary care setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate adherence to two QIs to optimize the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) when used for OA chronic pain management.

METHODS

This retrospective study included patients who had primary care clinic visits for knee OA at Houston Methodist in 2019. We evaluated adherence to 2 QIs with highest priority: add proton pump inhibitors (PPI) to NSAIDs for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) risk (QI #1 NSAID-PPI) and avoid oral NSAIDs in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage G4 or G5 (QI #2 NSAID-CKD).

Operational definitions were developed for both QIs based on the literature review and feasibility assessment from existing data elements in the electronic health record. Adherence to QIs was evaluated in 2 cohorts: simple random sample of 60 patients (validation cohort) and all patients not otherwise included in the validation cohort (expanded cohort).

RESULTS

A total of 395 patients with at least one primary care visit for knee OA were included. Among 60 patients in the validation cohort, analysis of data extracts was validated against chart review for QI #1 NSAID-PPI (100% sensitivity and 91% specificity) and QI #2 NSAIDCKD (100% accuracy). Analysis of data extracts for 335 patients in the expanded cohort showed that 44% used NSAIDs, 27% used PPIs, 73% had elevated GI risk, and only 2% had CKD stage 4 or 5. Twenty-one percent used NSAIDs and had elevated GI risk but were not using PPIs. Therefore, adherence to QI #1 NSAID-PPI was 79% (95% CI, 74% to 83%). No patients with CKD stage 4 or 5 used NSAIDs. Therefore, adherence to QI #2 NSAIDCKD was 100%.

CONCLUSION

A substantial proportion of knee OA patients with GI risk did not receive PPI with NSAID therapy during primary care visits. These findings suggest an opportunity to improve safe NSAID prescribing through electronic health record clinical decision support.

Navjot Kaur, PharmD, MS

Navjot earned her MS in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Punjabi University, india in 2014 and her PharmD from the NOVA Southeastern University in 2021. Navjot will continue postgraduate training at Houston Methodist Hospital as a second year Clinical Pharmacy Fellow.

Primary project preceptor: Joshua T. Swan, PharmD, MPH; and Elsie Rizk, PharmD

32 |
CLINICAL PHARMACY FELLOWSHIP IN OUTCOMES RESEARCH

SYSTEM PHARMACY

Abbasi G. Ensuring 340B Program integrity. PP&P. 2018;15(7):26-31

Abbasi G, Gay E. Impact of sterile compounding batch frequency on pharmaceutical waste. Hosp Pharm. 2017;52(1):60-4.

Abbasi, G. Effect of COVID-19 on Pharmacy Technology. PP&P. 2020;17(6):2-4.

Abbasi, G. Deliver Pharmacy Services via Novel Technologies. PP&P. 2022;19(2):8-11.

Abdelrahim M, Mamlouk O, Lin H, Lin J, Page V, Abdel-Wahab N, Swan JT, Selamet U, Yee C, Diab A, Suki WN, Abudayyeh A. “incidence, predictors, and survival impact of acute kidney injury in patients with melanoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a 10-year singleinstitution analysis” OncoImmunology 2021;10(1):e1927313

Abdelrahim, M., Esmail, A., Umoru, G., Westhart, K., Abudayyeh, A., Saharia, A., & Ghobrial, R. M. (2022). Immunotherapy as a neoadjuvant therapy for a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma in the pretransplant setting: A case report. Current Oncology, 29(6), 4267–4273.

Abdelrahim M, Esmail A, Xu J, Umoru G, Al-Rawi H, Saharia A, Abudayyeh A, Victor D, McMillan R, Kodali S and Ghobrial RM (2022). Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin Versus Non-Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Regimens as Neoadjuvant Treatment for Cholangiocarcinoma Patients Prior to Liver Transplantation: An institution Experience. Front. Oncol. 12:908687.

Abdelrahim, M., Al-Rawi, H., Esmail, A., Xu, J., Umoru, G., Ibnshamsah, F., Abudayyeh, A., Victor, D., Saharia, A., McMillan, R., Al Najjar, E., Bugazia, D., Al-Rawi, M., & Ghobrial, R. M. (2022). Gemcitabine and cisplatin as neo-adjuvant for cholangiocarcinoma patients prior to liver transplantation: Case-series. Current Oncology, 29(5), 3585–3594.

Abdelrahim, M., Esmail, A., Xu, J., Umoru, G., Al-Rawi, H., & Saharia, A. (2022). P-168 Combination of gemcitabine plus cisplatin compared to non-gemcitabine and cisplatin regimens as neo-adjuvant treatment in liver transplant recipients with cholangiocarcinoma. Annals of Oncology, 33, S309–S310.

Abdelrahim, M., Esmail, A., Xu, J., Umoru, G., Saharia, A., McMillan, R., & Ghobrial, R. M. (2022). Gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus non-gemcitabine and cisplatin regimens as neoadjuvant treatment for cholangiocarcinoma patients prior to liver transplantation. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 40(16_suppl), e16202–e16202. https://doi. org/10.1200/JCO.2022.40.16_suppl.e16202

Adeola M, Azad R, Kassie GM, et al. Multicomponent interventions Reduce High-Risk Medications for Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018;66:1638-45.

Ajewole BV, Cox JE, Swan JT, et al. Incidence of chemotherapyinduced peripheral neuropathy within 12 weeks of starting neurotoxic chemotherapy for multiple myeloma or lymphoma: a prospective, single-center, observational study. Supportive Care Cancer. 2020 Apr;28(4):1901-1912.

Al-Saadi MA, Heidari B, Donahue KR, Shipman EM, Kinariwala KN, Masud FN. Pre-existing right ventricular dysfunction as an independent risk factor for post intubation cardiac arrest and hemodynamic instability in critically ill patients: a retrospective observational study. Journal of intensive Care Medicine. 2022 doi: 10.1177/08850666221111776.

Online ahead of print

Alam MJ, Walk ST, Endres BT, et. Al. Community Environmental Contamination of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile. Open Forum infect Dis. 2017;4(1):ofx018.

Almasri DM, Lai L, Noor AO, et al. Modelling the Cost-effectiveness of Statin Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Markov-cycle Evaluation from National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases. J Pharm Health Serv Res.

2017;8:139-145.

Alvarez PA, Nguyen DT, Schutt R, et al. In-hospital use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with heart failure in academic centers in the United States. Int J Risk Saf Med. 2016;28(4):181-8.

Alvarez PA, Putney D, Ogunti R, et al. Prevalence of in-hospital nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug exposure in patients with a primary diagnosis of heart failure. Cardiovasc Ther. 2017;35(3).

Berry J, Liebl MG, Todd P, Brownewell V. Rapid Operationalization of Covid-19 Monoclonal Antibody infusion Clinics. Vol. No. | March 29, 2021

Bhakta SB, Colavecchia AC, Haines L, et al. A systematic approach to optimize electronic health record medication alerts in a health system. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2019;76(8):530-6.

Bhakta SB, Colavecchia AC, Coffey W, et al. Implementation and Evaluation of a Sterile Compounding Robot in an Oncology Satellite Pharmacy. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2018;75(11 Supplement 2): S51-7.

Bhakta SB, Deyhim N, Zafar N, Abbasi GA. Implementation and evaluation of an EHR-integrated mobile dispense tracking technology in a large academic tertiary hospital. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022 Jun 7:zxac154. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxac154. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35670293.

Bookstaver PB, Akpunonu P, Nguyen HB, Swan JT, Howington GT. “Administration of rabies immunoglobulin: improving evidence-based guidance for wound infiltration.” Pharmacotherapy. 2021;00:1–5. Online ahead of print.

Bosso JA, Casapao AM, Edwards J, et al. Clinical pathway for moderate to severe acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections from a US perspective: a roundtable discussion. Hosp Pract (1995). 2016;44(4):183-9.

Brazeale HS, Fuentes A, Adeola M. Analysis of Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy with Concomitant Use of interacting Antiretroviral Agents. Journal of Pharmacy Practice. August 2021.

Bui LN, Pham VP, Shirkey BA, Swan JT. Effect of delirium subtypes on administrative documentation of delirium in the surgical intensive care unit. J Clin Monit Comput. 2017;31(3):631-40.

Bui LN, Swan JT, Shirkey BA, et al. Chlorhexidine bathing and Clostridium difficile infection in a surgical intensive care unit. J Surg Res.2018;228:107-11.

Bui LN, Swan JT, Perez KK, et al. Impact of Chlorhexidine Bathing on Antimicrobial Utilization in Surgical intensive Care Unit. J Surg Res. 2020;250:161-171.

Bui NA, Adeola M, Azad R et al. Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment Among Elderly Patients Upon Hospital Admission Using Mini-Cog™ Assessments Performed by Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience Students. J Pharm Pract. 2018. Epub ahead of print.

Burns, E. A., Muhsen, I. N., Anand, K., Xu, J., Umoru, G., Arain, A. N., & Abdelrahim, M. (2021). Hepatitis b virus reactivation in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Journal of Immunotherapy, 44(3), 132–139.

Burns, E. A., Ensor, J. E., Anand, K., Gentille, C., Guerrero, C., Kieser, R. B., Umoru, G., Shah, S. S., Petkova, J. H., Ganguly, S., Rice, L., & Pingali, S. R. K. (2021). Opportunistic infections in patients receiving daratumumab regimens for multiple myeloma(Mm). Blood, 138(Supplement 1), 4740–4740.

| 33
RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY 2016 TO 2022

SYSTEM PHARMACY RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY 2016 TO 2021

Carmichael J, Jassar G, and Nguyen P. Healthcare Metrics: Where Do Pharmacists Add Value? Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2016 Oct 1;73(19):1537-47.

Chen J, Nguyen S, Ruegger M, Samuel L, Salazar E, Dunne I. Evaluation of outcomes with apixaban use for venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with end-stage renal disease receiving renal replacement therapy. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis. 2022. doi: 10.1007/s11239-022-02650-4 (online ahead of print).

Christensen PA, Olsen RJ, Perez KK, et al. Real-time Communication with Health Care Providers Through an Online Respiratory Pathogen Laboratory Report. Open Forum infect Dis. 2018;5(12):ofy322.

Chung C. Current targeted therapies in lymphomas. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2019;76(22):1825-1834.

Chung C. Driving toward precision medicine for B cell lymphomas: Targeting the molecular pathogenesis at the gene level. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2020;26(4):943-966.

Chung C. New Therapeutic Targets and Treatment Options for Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Caplacizumab and Ravulizumab. Ann Pharmacol. 2020. Published Online First July 25, 2020

Chung C. Oral Targeted Therapies for B-Cell Lymphoma. US Pharm. 2020;45(2)(Specialty&Oncology suppl) Pages11-16

Chung C, Kim S, Bubalo J. Instilling value, quality, and safety through hematology and oncology stewardship. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2019. 2019;76(9):617-621.

Chung C, Lee R. An update on current and emerging therapies for epithelial ovarian cancer: Focus on poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibition and antiangiogenesis. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2017;23:454-69.

Chung C, Ma H. Driving toward precision medicine for acute leukemias: are we there yet? Pharmacotherapy. 2017;37:1052-72.

Chung C. Management of neuroendocrine tumors. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2016;73:1729-44.

Chung C. Restoring the switch for cancer cell death: Targeting the apoptosis signaling pathway. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2018;75: 945-52.

Chung C. Role of immunotherapy in targeting the bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma: an evolving therapeutic strategy. Pharmacotherapy. 2017;37:129-43.

Chung C. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancers: an update for recent advances in therapeutics. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2016;22:461-76.

Chung C. From oxygen sensing to angiogenesis: Targeting the hypoxia signaling pathway in metastatic kidney cancer. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2020 Dec 4;77(24):2064-2073.

Chung C. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers with therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer: A 2021 update on current development, evidence, and recommendation. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2021 Apr 9:10781552211005525.

Chung C. Targeting the Myeloid Lineages and the Immune Microenvironment in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Novel and Evolving Therapeutic Strategies. Ann Pharmacother. 2021 Jul 30:10600280211036154.

Chung C. Pharmacologic management of cancer-related pain. US Pharmacist. 2021; 46 (3), HS1-HS10.

Chung C. Focus on anemia in managing lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. US Pharmacist. 2021; 46 (19), 39-44

Chung H, Coralic A. A multidisciplinary assessment instrument to predict fall risk in hospitalized patients: A prospective matched pair case study. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice. 2016;6(6).

Chung C, Allen E, Umoru G. Paraneoplastic syndromes: A focus on pathophysiology and supportive care. American Journal of HealthSystem Pharmacy. Published online August 2, 2022:zxac211.

Colavecchia AC, Putney DR, Johnson ML, Aparasu RR. Discharge medication complexity and 30-day heart failure readmissions. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2017;13(4):857-63.

Cooper M, Dunne I, Kuten S, Curtis A, et al. Impact of Protease inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral Therapy on Tacrolimus intrapatient Variability in HIV-Positive Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc. 2021 Apr;53(3):984-988.

Cooper MH, Christensen PA, Salazar E, et al. Real-world assessment of 2,879 COVID-19 patients treated with monoclonal antibody therapy: A propensity score-matched cohort study. Open Forum infect Dis. 2021.

Cox SR, Liebl MG, McComb MN, et al. Association between health literacy and 30-day healthcare use after hospital discharge in the heart failure population. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2017;13(4):754-8.

Coyle L, Entezaralmahdi M, Adeola M, et al. The perfect storm: copper deficiency presenting as progressive peripheral neuropathy. Am J Emerg Med. 2016;34(2):340.e5-6.

Davis ML, Sparrow HG, Ikwuagwu JO, et al. Multicentre derivation and validation of a simple predictive index for healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection. Clin Microbiol infect. 2018;24(11): 190-4.

Deyhim N, Beck A, Balk J, Liebl M. Impact of sugammadex versus neostigmine/glycopyrrolate on perioperative efficiency. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research. 2020;12:69-79.

Deyhim N, Bhakta S, Varkey A et al. Systemization of a pharmacy technician career ladder in a multi-hospital system. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy. 2021;2:100036.

Dobesh PP, Varnado S, Doyle M. Antiplatelet angents in cardiology: A report on aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor. Curr Pharm Des. 2016;22(13): 1918-32.

Donahue KR, Gossai T, Succar L, et al. Second victim syndrome and the pharmacy learner. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association. 2020; 60(4):e14-e17.

Dreucean D, Harris JE, Voore P, Donahue KR. Approach to sedation and analgesia in COVID-19 patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Ann Pharmacother. 2022 Jan;56(1):73-82

Dreucean D, Nguyen SN, Donahue KR, Salazar E, Ruegger MC. Evaluation of characteristics and dosing regimens in patients with new or recurrent thrombosis on apixaban and rivaroxaban. Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 2021 52(1), 161-169

Duhon B, Varkey AC, Woodruff AL, et al. Chapter 16: Resiliency and Well-Being. ASHP Preceptors Handbook 4th edition. December 2019. U6263; ISBN: 978-1-58528-626-3

Ecabert D, Pham C, Pierce BJ, Musick ML, Nguyen DT, Graviss EA. Safety of valganciclovir dosed 450 mg three times weekly for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in solid organ transplant recipients requiring hemodialysis. Open Forum infect Dis. 2021.

34 |

Ekinci E, Nathoo S, et al. Interventions to improve endocrine therapy adherence in breast cancer survivors: what is the evidence? J Cancer Surviv. 2018;12(3):348-356.

Esmail, A., Xu, J., Umoru, G., Al-Rawi, H., Saharia, A., & Abdelrahim, M. (2022). P-169 Feasibility of gemcitabine plus cisplatin as neo-adjuvant in cholangiocarcinoma patients prior to liver transplantation. Annals of Oncology, 33, S310.

Fitousis K, Klasek R, Mason PE, Masud F. Evaluation of a pharmacy managed heparin protocol for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients. Perfusion. 2017;32(3):238-44.

Fong G, Skoglund EW, Phe K, et al. Significant Publications on infectious Diseases Pharmacotherapy in 2016. J Pharm Pract. 2018;31(5):469-80.

Friemel M, Marlow B, Peek GK, Bhakta SB. Impact to Site of Care Trends: An introduction and Strategy to Identify the Issues with the infusion Center Enterprise. ASHP Section of Pharmacy Practice Managers’ Advisory Group on Management of the Pharmacy Enterprise. June 2018.

Haddad N, Paranjpe R, Rizk E, et al. Value of pharmacy services in an outpatient, preoperative, anesthesia clinic [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 14]. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2020;S15443191(20)30129-1

Highsmith EA, Morton C, Varnado S, Donahue KR, Sulhan S, Lista A. Outcomes associated with 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate administration to reverse oral factor xa inhibitors in bleeding patients. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 61(5). 598-605

Hill B, Narayanan N, Palavecino E, et al. The Role of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Team in the Use of Rapid Diagnostic Testing in Acute Care: An official Position Statement of the Society of infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018;39(4):473-5.

Hoang J, Krisl J, Moaddab M, Nguyen DT, Graviss EA, Hussain I, Kassi M, Yousefzai R, Kim J, Trachtenberg B, Bhimaraj A, Guha A. Intravenous immunoglobulin in heart transplant recipients with mild to moderate hypogammaglobulinemia and infection. Clin Transplant. 2022 Apr;36(4):e14571. doi: 10.1111/ctr.14571. Epub 2022 Jan 6. PMID: 34964505

Holyk A, Belden V, Sirimaturos M, et al. Volume-based feeding enhances enteral delivery by maximizing the optimal rate of enteral feeding (FEED MORE). JPEN. 2020; 44(6):1038-46.

Howington GT, Nguyen HB, Bookstaver PB, Akpunonu P, Swan JT. “Rabies postexposure prophylaxis in the United States: opportunities to improve access, coordination, and delivery.” PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2021;15(7):e0009467.

Hughes CG, Mailloux PT, Devlin JW, Swan JT, Sanders RD, Anzueto A, Jackson JC, Hoskins AS, Pun BT, Orun OM, Raman R, Stollings JL, Kiehl AL, Duprey MS, Bui LN, O’Neal HR Jr, Snyder A, Gropper MA, Guntupalli KK, Stashenko GJ, Patel MB, Brummel NE, Girard TD, Dittus RS, Bernard GR, Ely EW, Pandharipande PP; MENDS2 Study investigators. Dexmedetomidine or Propofol for Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Adults with Sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 15;384(15):1424-1436.

Hwang, G, Rutugandha, P, et al. Oral endocrine therapy agent, race/ ethnicity, and time on therapy predict adherence in breast cancer patients in a large academic institution. Clin Breast Cancer. 2020 Jun 13;S1526-8209(20)30148-8. Online ahead of print.

Iso T, Rizk E, Harris JE, et al. Viable Hemostasis Obtained with Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in Patients Who Refuse Standard

Allogeneic Blood Transfusion and Undergo Complex Cardiac Surgery: A Case Series, A & A Practice. 2020;14(9):e01276

Iso T, Yuan F, Rizk E, Tran AT, Saldana RB, Boyareddigari PR, Nguyen NA, Espino D, Benoit JS, Swan JT. Avoidable emergency department visits for rabies vaccination. Am J Emerg Med. 2022;54:242-248.

Jakowenko N, Nguyen S, Ruegger M, Dinh A, Salazar E, Donahue KR. Apixaban and rivaroxaban anti-xa level utilization and associated bleeding events within an academic health system. Thrombosis Research 196,276-282

Kieser, R. B., Xu, J., Burns, E., Muhsen, I., Shah, S. M., Umoru, G., Mylavarapu, C., Sun, K., Zhang, Y., Crenshaw, A., Esmail, A., Guerrero, C., Gong, Z., Gee, K., Heyne, K., Singh, M., Zhang, J., Efstathiou, E., Bernicker, E., & Abdelrahim, M. (2022). Outcomes of patients with advanced urothelial cancer who develop infection while on treatment with pembrolizumab. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 40(16_suppl), 4573–4573.

Klasek R, Kuten SA, Patel SJ, et al. Unexplained fever after pancreas transplantation. Clin Transplant 2018;32(9):e13351.

Knight RJ, Graviss EA, Nguyen DT, et al. Conversion from tacrolimusmycophenolate mofetil to tacrolimus-mToR immunosuppression after kidney-pancreas transplantation reduces the incidence of both BK and CMV viremia. Clin Transplant 2018;32(6):e13265.

Krisl J. Potential Benefit or Risk of Harm?: Use of Herbal Supplements in Patients with Heart Failure, Texas Chapter of American College of Cardiology Heart Failure Blog. Oct 2018

Krisl JC, Doan VP. Chemotherapy and Transplantation: The role of immunosuppression in malignancy and a review of antineoplastic agents in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2017;17:1974-1991.

Kuten SA, Patel SJ, Baru A, et al. Belatacept conversion in an HIVpositive kidney transplant recipient following anti-thymocyte globulin induction. Transpl infect Dis 2017;19(5).

Kuten SA, Patel SJ, Knight RJ, et al. Observations on the use of cidofovir for BK virus infection in renal transplantation. Transpl infect Dis. 2014;16(6):975-83.

Kwak N, Swan JT, Thompson-Moore N, Liebl MG. Validity and reliability of a systematic database search strategy to identify publications resulting from pharmacy residency research projects. J Pharm Pract. 2016;29(4):406-14.

Lai L, Alvarez G, Koh L, et al. The effect of gender disparity on migraine pharmacotherapy: a propensity score-matched cohort study. J Pharm Health Serv Res. 2018;9:191-7.

Lai L, Koh L, Ho JA, et al. Off-Label Prescribing for Children with Migraine in US. Outpatient Settings. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2017;23(3):382-7.

Lista AD, Sirimaturos M. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodyamic principles for toxicology. Critical Care Clinics. 2021:37(3): 475-86.

Liu L, Brown EN, Abu-Shahin FI. Capecitabine-induced leukoencephalopathy in a patient with triple-negative breast cancer: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice. October 2021.

Lockwood AM, Perez KK, Musick WL, et al. Integrating Rapid Diagnostics and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Two Community Hospitals Improved Process Measures and Antibiotic Adjustment Time. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2016;37(4):425-32.

| 35
SYSTEM PHARMACY RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY 2016 TO 2021

SYSTEM PHARMACY

RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY 2016 TO 2021

Lopez CN, Fuentes A, Dhala A, Balk J. Ramelteon for Decreasing Delirium in Surgical intensive Care Unit Patients. Clinical Medicine insights: Psychiatry. January 2020.

Lopez CN, Succar L, Varnado S, Donahue KR. Direct oral to parenteral anticoagulants: strategies for inpatient transition. J Clin Pharmacol. 2020, 0(0) 1-9.

Lopez CN, Sulaica E, Donahue KR, Wanat MA. Updates in Hemodynamic Monitoring: A Review for Pharmacists. J. Pharm. Pract. March 2021.

Loucks-DeVos JM, Eagar TN, Gaber AO, et al. The detrimental impact of persistent vs an isolated occurrence of de novo donor-specific antibodies on intermediate-term renal transplant outcomes. Clin Transplant 2017;31(8).

Mason MJ, McDaneld PM, Musick WL, Kontoyiannis DP. Serum Levels of Crushed Posaconazole Delayed Release Tablets. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63(5).pii: e02688-18.

McCall KL, Tu C, Lacroix M, et al. Controlled Substance Prescribing Trends and Physician and Pharmacy Utilization Patterns: Epidemiological Analysis of the Maine Prescription Monitoring Program from 2006 to 2010. Journal of Substance Use, 2013;18(6):467-75.

Molina TL, Kricl JC, Donahue KR, Varnado S. Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Left Ventricular Assist Device: Octreotide and Other Treatment Modalities. ASAIO 2018; 64(4):433-9.

Monroig-Bosque PDC, Balk J, Segura F, et al. The utility of therapeutic plasma exchange for amphotericin B overdose. Transfus Apher Sci. 2018 Dec;57(6):756-8.

Morton C, Lista A, Jakowenko N, Salazar E, Donahue KR. Apixaban and rivaroxaban anti xa level utilization for guidance of administration of andexanet alfa: a case series. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2022 Jan;53(1):235-239

Muhsen I, Burns E, Umoru G et al. Hepatitis B reactivation with pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and nivolumab: A pharmacovigilance study and literature review. J Clin Oncol 38: 2020 (suppl; abstr e15127)

Mysore KR, Ghobrial RM, Kannanganat S, et al. Longitudinal assessment of T cell inhibitory receptors in liver transplant recipients and their association with posttransplant infections. Am J Transplant. 2018;18(2):351-63.

Narasimhan B, Lorente-Ros M, Aguilar-Gallardo JS, Lizardo CP, Narasimhan H, Morton C, Donahue KR, Aronow WS. Anticoagulation in Covid-19, a review of current literature and guidelines. Hosp Pract (1995). 2021 Dec;49(5):307-324

Nazer LH, Lopez-Olivo MA, Brown AR, Cuenca JA, Sirimaturos M, Habash K, AlQadeeb N, May H, Milano V, Taylor A, Nates JL. A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating geographical variation in outcomes of cancer patients treated in ICUs. Critical Care Explorations 2022. DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000757

Nguyen PAA, Enwere E, Gautreaux S, et al. Impact of a pharmacydriven transitions-of-care program on postdischarge healthcare utilization at a national comprehensive cancer center. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2018;75(18):1386-93.

Nguyen SN, Ruegger MC, Salazar E, Dreucean D, Tatara AW, Donahue KR. Evaluation of anti xa apixaban and rivaroxaban levels with respect to known doses in relation to major bleeding events. J Pharm Pract. 2021 Apr 12:8971900211009075. doi: 10.1177/08971900211009075

Oh M, Alkhushaym N, Fallatah S, et al. The association of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations with prostate cancer risk, frequency, and mortality: A

meta-analysis. Prostate. 2019 Jun;79(8):880-95.

Padmani, B., Abbasi, G., Hirave, B., Crooks, M., & Yassine, M. Management of Medication Preparation with Dynamic Processing. US Patent 20160210437.

Padmani, B., Olsen, G., Abbasi, G., Dooley, C., Leech, D., Armstrong, C., & White, R. Automated Exchange of Healthcare information for Fulfillment of Medication Doses. US Patent 20160117472.

Padmani, B., Valentine, M., Bender, J., Crooks, M., Hirave, B., Yassine, M., Abbasi, G., & Yevseyeva, K. Management of Medication Preparation with Formulary Management. US Patent 20160092638.

Padmani, B., Valentine, M., Bender, J., Crooks, M., Hirave, B., Yassine, M., Abbasi, G., & Yevseyeva, K. Management of Medication Preparation with Formulary Management. US Patent 11107574 B2.

Pai A, Swan JT, Wojciechowski D, Qazi Y, Dholakia S, Shekhtman G, Abou-Ismail A, Kumar D. “Clinical rationale for a routine testing schedule using donor-derived cell-free DNA after kidney transplantation.” Annals of Transplantation. 2021; 26: e932249

Patel SD, Nguyen P, Bachler M, Atkinson B. Implementation of postdischarge follow-up telephone calls at a comprehensive cancer center. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2017; 74:S42-S46.

Patel SJ, Knight RJ, Kuten SA, et al. Ciprofloxacin for BK viremia prophylaxis in kidney transplant recipients: Results of a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Transplant. 2019;19(6):1831-7.

Patel SJ, Kuten SA, Knight RJ, et al. Incidence and Factors Associated with De Novo DSA After BK Viremia in Renal Transplant Recipients. Clin Transpl. 2016;32:103-9.

Patel SJ, Kuten SA, Knight RJ, et al. Incidence and factors associated with de novo DSA after BK viremia in renal transplant recipients. Clinical Transplants 2016, Chapter 11, Terasaki Research institute, CA.

Patel SJ, Kuten SA, Musick WL, et al. Combination Drug Products for HIV-A Word of Caution for the Transplant Clinician. Am J Transplant 2016;16(8):2479-82.

Patel SJ, Suki WN, Loucks-DeVos J, et al. Disparate rates of acute rejection and donor-specific antibodies among high-immunologic risk renal transplant subgroups receiving antithymocyte globulin induction. Transpl int. 2016;29(8):897-908.

Peled Y, Varnado S, Lowes BD, et al. Sinus tachycardia is associated with impaired exercise tolerance following heart transplantation. Clin Transplant 2017; 31 (5): e12946

Pham C, Bilgili E, Krisl J. Tocilizumab in Thoracic Transplant Recipients. ISHLT Pulse Newsletter [online publications 2019]

Pham C, Pierce BJ, Yau SW, Youssef GJ, Goodarzi A, Huang HJ. Belatacept dosing in lung transplantation: is there a method to the madness? OBM Transplantation. 2021;5(3).

Pham C, Pierce B, Nguyen DT, Graviss EA, Huang HJ. Assessment of carfilzomib treatment response in lung transplant recipients with antibody mediated rejection. Transplantation Direct. 2021;7:e680. Pham C, Kuten SA, Knight RJ, Nguyen DT, Graviss EA, Gaber AO. Assessment of infectious complications in elderly kidney transplant recipients receiving induction with anti-thymocyte globulin vs basiliximab. Transpl infect Dis. 2020;00:e13257

Philip A, Desai A, Nguyen P, et al. Evaluating Pharmacy Leader Development Through The Seven Action Logics. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2016;73:82-5.

36 |

SYSTEM PHARMACY RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY 2016 TO 2021

Pritchard ER, Murillo JR Jr, Putney D, Hobaugh EC. Singlecenter, retrospective evaluation of safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants versus low-molecular-weight heparin and vitamin K antagonist in patients with cancer. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019;25(1):52-9.

Qin Q, Ajewole VB, Sheu TG, et al. Successful treatment of a stage IIIC small-cell carcinoma of the ovary hypercalcemic subtype using multi-modality therapeutic approach. Ecancermedicalscience. 2018;12:832.

Rambaran KA, Huynh HA, Zhang Z, Robles J. The Gap in Electronic Drug information Resources: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2018 Jun 22;10(6):e2860.

Rana I, von Oehsen W, Nabulsi NA, Sharp LK, Donnelly AJ, Shah SD, Stubbings J, Durley SF. A comparison of medication access services at 340B and non-340B hospitals. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2021;17(11):1887-1892.

Richards R, Azad R, Adeola M, Clary B. Delirium: The 21st century health care challenge for bedside clinicians. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 2016; 6(6).

Rizk E, Swan JT, Cheon O, et al. Quality indicators to measure the effect of opioid stewardship interventions in hospital and emergency department settings. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2019; 76:225-35.

Rizk E, Wilson AD, Murillo MU, Putney DR. Comparison of Antifactor Xa and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Monitoring for Heparin Dosing in Vascular Surgery Patients: A Single-Center Retropective Study. Ther Drug Monit 2018 Feb; 40(1): 151-5.

Rizk E, Haas EM, Swan JT. Opioid-Sparing Effect of Liposomal Bupivacaine and intravenous Acetaminophen in Colorectal Surgery. J Surg Res. 2021;259:230-241.

Rizk E, Swan JT. Development, Validation, and Assessment of Clinical Impact of Real-time Alerts to Detect inpatient As-Needed Opioid Orders with Duplicate indications: Prospective Study. J Med internet Res. 2021;23(10):e28235.

Rizk E, Tran AT, Soto F, Putney DR, Fuentes A, Swan JT. Alteplase for the treatment of midline catheter occlusions: a retrospective, singlecohort descriptive study. Br J Nurs. 2022;31(14):S6-S16.

Rossitter CW, Vigo RB, Gaber AO, et al. Evaluation of carotid ultrasonography screening among kidney transplant candidates: a single-center, retrospective study. Transplant Direct. 2017;3(3):e135.

Ruder TL, Donahue KR, Colavecchia AC, et al. Hemodynamic Effects of Dexmedetomidine in Adults with Reduced Ejection Fraction. Journal of intensive Care Medicine. Online First 2020.

Salazar E, Perez KK, Ashraf M, Chen J, Castillo B, Christensen PA, Eubank T, Bernard DW, Eagar TN, Long SW, Subedi S, Olsen RJ, Leveque C, Schwartz MR, Dey M, Chavez-East C, Rogers J, Shehabeldin A, Joseph D, Williams G, Thomas K, Masud F, Talley C, Dlouhy KG, Lopez BV, Hampton C, Lavinder J, Gollihar JD, Maranhao AC, Ippolito GC, Saavedra MO, Cantu CC, Yerramilli P, Pruitt L, Musser JM. Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients with Convalescent Plasma. Am J Pathol. 2020 Aug;190(8):1680-1690.

Salgado BC, Fida N, Krisl J, Berens PM, Graviss EA, Nguyen DT, Hussain, I, et al. Remote versus early corticosteroid wean outcomes in heart transplant recipients in the contemporary era. Clin Transplant 2021 [epub online ahead of print]

Santalo O, Farano J, Igwe J, Deyhim N. Survey of health-system pharmacy administration and leadership residencies. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2020;77(6):449-456.

Seo H, Lopez CN, Succar L, Donahue KR. Inhaled alprostadil for hospitalized adult patients. Ann Pharmacother. September 2021.

Shah PJ, Koshy J, Everett N, Attia E. Severe Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Treated with investigational Artesunate in the United States. J Pharm Pract. 2018 Jan 1:897190018782367. Epub ahead of print.

Shank B, Nguyen P, Pherson E. Transitions of Care in Patients with Cancer. Am J Manag Care. 2017;23(7 Spec No.):SP280-SP284.

Sirimaturos M, Gotur DB, Patel SJ, et al. Clinical Outcomes Following Tocilizumab Administration in Mechanically Ventilated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients. Crit Care Explor. 2020;2(10):e0232.

Smith AT, Kennerly-Shah JM, Kusoski CL. Development of a tool to allocate inpatient specialized pharmacy resources at a comprehensive cancer center. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice. 2020;26(7):1686-1694.

Smith A, Begnoche B, Mellett J, Hafford A, Rodis JL, Jordan TA. Defining, capturing, and validating pharmacists’ patient profile reviews in the electronic medical record, American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 2022;, zxac239, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxac239

Solomon JM, Ajewole VB, Schneider AM, et al. Evaluation of the prescribing patterns, adverse effects, and drug interactions of oral chemotherapy agents in an outpatient cancer center.J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2018. Epub ahead of print.

Sparrow HG, Swan JT(co-primary), Moore LW, et al. Disparate outcomes observed within Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury stage 1. Kidney int. 2019;95(4):905-13.

Succar L, Sulaica EM, Donahue KR, Wanat MA. Management of Anticoagulation with Impella Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices and Review of New Literature. J Thromb Thrombolysis (2019). 2019 Aug;48(2):284-291.

Succar L, Donahue KR, Varnado S, Kim JH. Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator Alteplase for Suspected Impella Thrombosis. Pharmacotherapy. 2020;40(2):169-173

Succar L, Lopez CN, Victor D, Lindberg S, Saharia A, Sheth S, Mobley C. Perioperative Cangrelor in Patients with Recent Percutaneous Coronary intervention Undergoing Liver Transplantation: A Case Series. Pharmacotherapy. January 2022.

Swan JT, Ashton CM, Bui LN, et al. Effect of chlorhexidine bathing every other day on prevention of hospital-acquired infections in the surgical ICU: a single-center, randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(10):1822-32.

Swan JT. Agitation in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. In B. Boucher, & C. Haas (Eds.), Critical Care Self-Assessment Program, 2016 Book 3: Pain and Sedation/Support and Prevention. (pp. 2756). Lenexa, KS: American College of Clinical Pharmacy.

Swan JT, Iso T, Rizk E, et al. Defining Vasoplegia Following Durable, Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation [published online ahead of print, 2021 May 10]. ASAIO J.

Swan JT, Rizk E, Kwak N, Guastadisegni J, Thompson-Moore N, Liebl MG. Publication of Pharmacy Residency Research: A 12-Year Cohort From an Academic Medical Center [published online ahead of print, 2021 Jun 3]. J Pharm Pract.

| 37

Swan JT, Moore LW, Sparrow H, Frost A, Gaber AO, Suki WN. “Optimization of acute kidney injury (AKI) time definitions using the electronic health record: a first step in automating in-hospital AKI detection.” Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021:10(15):3304.

Tatara AW, Ruegger M, Adeola M, Putney D. Time to Occurrence Based on Risk Stratification of Hospital-Acquired Venous Thromboembolism: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study. J Pharm Pract. 2017.Epub ahead of print.

Thomas T, Fuentes A, Xu Q, Donahue K. Evaluation of heparin induced thrombocytopenia using probability scores in a mechanical circulatory support population. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2019, 48(1):134-140.

Towers W, Nguyen SN, Ruegger MC, Salazar E, Donahue KR. Apixaban and Rivaroxaban anti xa level monitoring versus standard monitoring in hospitalized patients with acute kidney injury. Ann Pharmacother. 2022 Jun;56(6):656-663.

Tran AT, Rizk E, Haas EM, Naufal G, Zhong L, Swan JT. Real-World Data on Liposomal Bupivacaine and inpatient Hospital Costs After Colorectal Surgery. J Surg Res. 2022;272:175-183. doi:10.1016/j. jss.2021.12.002

Umoru GO, Shah PJ, Tariq F. A Case Report of Neurotoxicity After Prolonged Doses of Acyclovir in a Patient with Renal Dysfunction. J Pharm Pract. 2020; 33(2):217-221.

Umoru G, Taitano M, Beshay S et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension in breast cancer patients on HER2-targeted therapy: a review of FDA Adverse Events Reporting System data. ERJ Open Res. 2020; 6(2):00199-2020.

Umoru GO, Zaghloul H, El-Rahi C, Ensor JE. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of pegfilgrastim when given less than two weeks from dose-dense chemotherapy regimens. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2020 Aug 12:1078155220948937. Epub ahead of print.

Varkey A and Deyhim N. Lessons on preparing and adapting your health-system pharmacy in the COVID-19 crisis. Washington, DC: American Pharmacists Association; 2020 Varnado S, Peled-Potashnik Y, Huntsberry A, et al. Effect of diltiazem on exercise capacity after heart transplantation. Clin Transplant 2017; 31 (8): e12997.

Wanat MA, Fitousis K. Comment: Critical Care Pharmacists and Medication Management in an ICU Recovery Center. Ann Pharmacother. 2019;53(1):105.

Wang H, Brong M, Pham S, Dreucean D. Highlights of Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Infect Dis Clin Pract. 2020; 28(4):188-190.

Wang H, Charles CV. A Review of Newly Approved Antibiotic Treatment for Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia: Lefamulin. Sr Care Pharm. 2020;35(8):349-354.

Wei W, Coffey W, Adeola M, Abbasi G. Impact of smart pumpelectronic health record interoperability on patient safety and finances at a community hospital. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2021.

Whiddon AR, Dawson KL, Fuentes A, et al. Postoperative antimicrobials after lung transplantation and the development of multidrug-resistant bacterial and Clostridium difficile infections: an analysis of 500 non-cystic fibrosis lung transplant patients. Clin Transplant. 2016;30(7): 767-73

Xia R, Kachru N, Tuazon, DM, et al. Evaluation of Neuromuscular Blockade Reversal on Postoperative Mechanical Ventilation Time in a Cardiovascular Surgery Population. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. Article in Press

Xia R, Varnado S, Graviss EA, Nguyen, DT, Cruz-Solbes A, Guha A, Krisl JC. Role of thromboelastography in predicting and defining pump thrombosis in left ventricular assist device patients. Thrombosis Research 202;192:29-35

Yang T, Cutshall BT, Tatara A, Ruegger M. Combined insulin and GLP1 Receptor Agonists: Simplifying Treatment or Adding Obstacles? J Pharm Pract. 2018. Epub ahead of print.

Yang T, Murillo M, Vadharyia A, et al. Direct oral anticoagulants versus aspirin for venous thromboembolism after orthopedic surgery. Am J Health-Syst Pharm. 2019; Epub ahead of print.

Yassine D, Brown EN, Putney D, Fasoranti O. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of apixaban and rivaroxaban in cancer patients receiving concomitant active anti-neoplastic therapy at an outpatient cancer setting. Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice. 2020;26(7): 1650-1656.

Yi Rogers AW, Saharia A, et al. Early Experience with COVID-19 and Solid Organ Transplantation at a US High-volume Transplant Center. Transplantation. 2020. Publish ahead of print.

Yuan F, Iso T, Rizk E, Saldana RB, Tran AT, Nguyen NA, Boyareddigari PR, Espino D, Swan JT. Implementation of Clinical Decision Support on Emergency Department Delivery of Human Rabies Immune Globulin. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(6):e2216631. Published 2022 Jun 1. doi:10.1001/ jamanetworkopen.2022.16631

Zhang, Y., Xu, J., Burns, E., Muhsen, I., Shah, S. M., Umoru, G., Mylavarapu, C., Sun, K., Crenshaw, A., Esmail, A., Kieser, R. B., Guerrero, C., Gong, Z., Gee, K., Heyne, K., Singh, M., Zhang, J., & Abdelrahim, M. (2022). Infections and their impact on patients on pembrolizumab-based therapies for head and neck cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 40(16_suppl), 6035–6035.

38 |
SYSTEM PHARMACY RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY 2016 TO 2021
2021 QUICK FACTS HOUSTON METHODIST 8 Hospitals 2,509 Operating beds 1.6M Outpatient visits 132,874 Admissions 27,947 Employees 4,737 Affiliated physicians HOUSTON METHODIST ACADEMIC INSTITUTE 2,110 Credentialed researchers 742 Faculty 1,387 Ongoing clinical protocols and trials 1,722 Peer-reviewed publications $70.3M Extramural research funding

HOUSTON METHODIST houstonmethodist.org/pharmacy

112022

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.