COVID-19 Spotlights Social Determinants of Health

The arrival of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus had a profound impact on every aspect of Houston Methodist, challenging us to quickly operationalize a new bioinformatics pipeline to better develop best practices for managing COVID-19 patients, prioritize and facilitate COVID-19 research and learn which persons are most impacted by the pandemic and why.

The Center for Outcomes Research met this challenge, devising a data repository that obtained real-time data about COVID-19 patients’ sociodemographics, diagnoses, treatments, suitability for enrollment in clinical trials and outcomes.

With CURATOR,

Houston Methodist Experts Gain Deeper Insight into Real-Time COVID-19 Data Trends

Farhaan S. Vahidy, PhD The rapid global spread of the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus provided an opportunity for Houston Methodist to establish the infrastructure for a learning health-care system that further merges evidence-based medicine and practice-based evidence.

When the pandemic arrived, a cross-departmental big-data team led by Farhaan S. Vahidy, PhD, associate director of the Center for Outcomes Research, developed the COVID-19 Surveillance and Outcomes Registry, or CURATOR, to roll out processes for collecting, organizing and analyzing real-time data that’s accessible to research and clinical groups across Houston Methodist.

CURATOR has proven to be an invaluable resource for advancing research and optimizing patient care as the pandemic evolves.

Houston Methodist’s big-data infrastructure and data engineering teams proved to be highly agile and adaptable, which made it possible to establish a robust COVID-19 analytics pipeline in literally weeks. The ability to generate and implement scientific evidence was phenomenal. We consider ourselves battle tested and have confidence in our capacity to respond quickly in the midst of a global pandemic, with the majority of the teams working remotely. ”

– Farhaan S. Vahidy, PhD

Coneway Family Centennial Endowed Directorship in Quality and Outcomes

Associate Director and Associate Professor, Center for Outcomes Research

Associate Professor, Neurological Institute

Houston Methodist

Research

COVID-19 Highlights How the Virus Has Impacted People Differently, Depending on Specific Social Determinants

The increase in COVID-19 cases and scrutiny of racial inequality throughout the spring and summer of 2020 has made people more aware of underlying race and ethnic health-care disparities. Fairly early in the pandemic, most reports showed higher rates of severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities among minority racial groups across major U.S. metropolitan areas. However, Houston Methodist was one of the first to provide systematically analyzed robust insights on the racial/ethnic differences for COVID-19 infection by harnessing CURATOR.

Analysis of COVID-19 test results and sociodemographic data from across the exceptionally ethnically diverse Greater Houston area revealed that people who identified as non-Hispanic Black or of Hispanic ethnicity were almost twice as likely to test positive for COVID-19 than non-Hispanic whites. Vahidy and his colleagues identified possible mechanisms of these racial disparities within the data including lower socioeconomic status, higher comorbidity burden and residence in higher population density areas that may not permit adequate social distancing. These data were published in BMJ Open.

As the pandemic evolves, emerging information on the link between COVID-19 infection and various sociodemographic factors will continue to enhance our understanding of targeted risks for contracting and preventing infectious diseases, enabling Houston Methodist to provide better care for all members of our community. CURATOR Identifies Differences Between Those Most Impacted During the First and Second COVID-19 Surges

CURATOR’s bioinformatics repository made it possible for researchers to make evidence-based comparisons between Houston’s first COVID-19 surge from March 13 –May 15 and the second surge from May 15 – July 7, 2020, that began two weeks after the statewide phased business reopening program began. Analyzing the electronic health records of hospitalized COVID-19 patients revealed a demographic shift between the first and second COVID-19 surges.

Chief Physician Executive & Specialty Physician Group CEO Robert Phillips MD, PhD, and Farhaan S. Vahidy, PhD, and their team revealed that patients being admitted during the second surge had shifted toward a younger, largely Hispanic and lower socioeconomic patient population who had lower rates of comorbidities, intensive care unit admissions, and in-hospital mortality than the patients seen during the first surge. These findings were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

These findings likely reflect how the phased return to work impacted which people were becoming infected. While many people with desk jobs were able to work from home, people who work in retail, transportation and hospitality service industries, many of whom are Hispanic, interacted with the public directly. These findings provided helpful guidance for preparing and managing the next COVID-19 surge during the fall of 2020 both locally at Houston Methodist and for health systems across the country.