BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA 2014 presents a portion of the national heritage defined as Conservation Areas and Indigenous Lands, the historical outcome of the continuous and ongoing fight for the rights of indigenous peoples, for socioenvironmental justice and for the conservation of biodiversity. Altogether the 420 Indigenous Lands and 315 federal and state Conservation Areas total 204.416.393 hectares, approximately 40% of Brazilian Legal Amazonia,1 guaranteeing the right to the cultural reproduction and ways of life of more than 173 different indigenous peoples and diverse traditional communities. Moreover both the Indigenous Lands and the Conservation Areas contribute directly to conserving biodiversity and ecosystemic processes, to maintaining climatic conditions at micro and macro scales and to safeguarding water courses, many of which supply much of the Brazilian population living in the country’s major urban centres. The region of Brazilian Legal Amazonia is defined by Federal Law 5.173/1966 and includes the states of Acre, Amazonas, Roraima, Rondônia, Pará, Amapá, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and part of Maranhão. Its creation responded to the developmentalist policy of the time, mainly implemented through the concession of tax incentives to industry and the promotion of rural settlement policies intended to occupy the region and integrate it with national networks and flows. With an area of more than 500 million hectares and encompassing the entirety of Brazil’s Amazonian biome, 37% of the Cerrado biome and 40% of the Pantanal biome, the region contains many different ecosystems and landscapes, presenting a broad diversity in terms of community structure and interactions of communities and the occurrence and abundance of species of plants, wildlife, fungi and microbiota. Representing roughly 60% of Brazilian territory and around 775 municipalities, Legal Amazonia is home to almost 25 million inhabitants, including 433.363 indigenous people2 and diverse traditional extractivist communities such as rubber tappers, Brazil nut harvesters, artisanal fishing communities and babassu coconut harvesters, among other groups. The Indigenous Lands (ILs) and Conservation Areas (CAs) in Brazilian Amazonia face many challenges: the expansion of farming, mining, illegal logging and the major infrastructural works promoted by government projects, such as roads and hydroelectric plants, which have been converting the natural landscapes and have already felled more than 22% of the Amazon rainforest (75.879.376 ha) with the pace continuing and increasing. Deforestation in Amazonia According to data from the National Institute for Space Research (Prodes: Brazilian Amazon Rainforest Monitoring Program/INPE3) analysed in relation to the limits of the CAs and ILs produced by ISA, 148.345.913 hectares4 of these units correspond originally to forests, which represents 72,5% of the total area of the 270 CAs5 and 420 ILs in Brazilian Amazonia. The ILs and CAs present an accumulated total deforested area of around 2.965.473 ha, that is 2% of the forest originally existing within them. Of this total, 1.480.202 ha were deforested in the CAs (436.203 ha in full protection CAs and 1.043.999 ha in sustainable use CAs) and 1.485.271 ha in the ILs (Table 1; Figure 1). The accumulated deforestation within CAs and ILs represents 3,9% of the total observed in Brazilian Amazonia, while the remaining 96,1% occurred in private properties and public lands outside the CAs and ILs. This reveals the latter as fundamental elements in any strategy for containing deforestation in Amazonia and enabling a just regional development model that includes the different modes of life and territorial appropriation, an alternative to the predatory developmentalist model. In Figure 2, which shows annual deforestation rates in Brazilian Amazonia outside the protected areas and within Indigenous Lands and Conservation Areas, this pattern appears in a very clear form. An evaluation of the proportion of deforested area within the Protected Areas shows that the federal full protection conservation areas, followed by the state CAs and then the ILs, are showing the least amount of deforestation within their borders. The federal sustainable use CAs show the most (Table 1). Nevertheless, the difference is even more striking in reality: if we take into account the year that the CAs were created rather than calculate the deforestation in the area in historical terms – that is, if we calculate only the increase in deforestation following their delimitation – then we find that less than 62% of the deforestation observed inside their boundaries occurred after their creation.
In October 2014, Brazilian Amazonia had 23,83 % of its area protected in the form of Conservation Areas (CAs), split into 12,34% in federal areas and 11,49% in state areas. Although the federal and state protection percentages are practically equal, a balance can observed in the case of the federal areas in terms of the distribution of full protection (6,49%) and sustainable use CAs (5,85%). However in the case of state CAs, sustainable use areas occupy 8,9% of Brazilian Amazonia, while the full protection areas occupy just 2,58% (table 2). The distribution of CAs by State shows that the contribution of each state towards conservation is extremely unequal. While states like Amapá and Acre have respectively more than 60% and 31% of their territory protected in the form of CAs, Mato Grosso possesses just 2,29% (without APAs)(table 3). As well as being unequally represented in the states, it is worth emphasizing that the CAs vary in degrees of implementation and consolidation, principally when we compare the reality of the state CAs in the different states of Legal Amazonia (also see: http://uc.socioambiental.org). Table 2. Conservation Areas by category and administration (Brazilian Legal Amazon) (27/10/2014) Category
Federal Full Protection – FP ESEC PARNA REBIO RESEC Sustainable Use – SU APA ARIE FLONA RDS RESEX State Full Protection – FP ESEC MONAT PES REBIO RESEC RVS Sustainable Use – SU APA ARIE FES FLOREX FLORSU RDS RESEX Total in Brazilian Amazon Total in Brazilian Amazon (withoutAPA) Total n B a an Ama on w hou APA and dedu ng any ove ap w h
Analysed forest area (ha)
Accumulated total deforested area, 2000 (ha)
Accumulated total deforested area, 2013 (ha)
Accumulated total deforested area, 2013 (%)
Federal CAs
43.461.236
370.097
984.004
2,26
Full Protection
21.040.147
107.434
308.348
1,47
Sustainable Use
22.421.089
262.663
675.656
3,01
State CAs
136 49 15 24 9 1 87 4 3 32 1 47 179 62 9 2 41 6 1 3 117 42 1 18 1 10 19 26 315 270
m
M
m
% of the federal state
Sustainable Use CA (ha)
16.491.871
1.589.678
9,64%
3.564.027
21,61%
2.459.834
14,92%
7.613.539
46,17%
Amapá
14.781.700
4.772.531
32,29%
4.184.181
28,31%
1.191.343
8,06%
10.148.055
68,65%
Amazonas
158.478.203
11.222.149
7,08%
23.766.772
15,00%
45.232.159
28,54%
80.221.080
50,62%
Maranhão
26.468.894
1.307.289
4,94%
112.035
0,42%
2.285.329
8,63%
3.704.653
14,00%
Mato Grosso
90.677.065
1.948.575
2,15%
130.312
0,14%
15.022.842
16,57%
17.101.728
18,86%
125.328.651
12.711.116
10,14%
18.821.871
15,02%
28.687.362
22,89%
60.220.349
48,05%
Rondônia
23.855.693
2.160.768
9,06%
2.726.646
11,43%
5.022.789
21,05%
9.910.203
41,54%
Roraima
22.445.068
1.052.459
4,69%
428.873
1,91%
10.370.676
46,20%
11.852.008
52,80%
Tocantins
27.842.280
1.038.034
3,73%
9.164
0,03%
2.597.580
9,33%
3.644.778
13,09%
506.369.425
37.802.598
7,47%
53.743.880
10,61%
112.869.914
22,29%
204.416.393
40,37%
Administration
Group
Sustainable Use
20.256.901
127.980
368.343
1,82
ACRE APA do Igarapé São Francisco APA do Lago do Amapá ARIE Japiim-Pentecoste ARIE Seringal Nova Esperança ESEC do Rio Acre FES do Antimary FES do Mogno FES do Rio Gregório FES do Rio Liberdade FLONA de Santa Rosa do Purus FLONA de São Francisco FLONA do Macauã PARNA da Serra do Divisor PES Chandless RESEX Alto Juruá RESEX Chico Mendes RESEX do Alto Tarauacá RESEX do Cazumbá-Iracema RESEX Riozinho da Liberdade AMAPÁ APA da Fazendinha APA do Curiaú ESEC de Maracá-Jipioca ESEC do Jari (AP/PA) FES do Amapá FLONA do Amapá PARNA do Cabo Orange PARNA Montanhas do Tumucumaque RDS do Rio Iratapuru REBIO do Lago de Piratuba REBIO do Parazinho RESEX do Rio Cajari AMAZONAS APA Caverna do Maroaga (Presidente Figueiredo) APA de Nhamundá APA Guajuma APA Margem Direita do Rio Negro APA Margem Esquerda do Rio Negro ARIE Javari-Buriti ARIE Proj. Dinâmica B. de Fragmentos Florestais ESEC Alto Maués ESEC de Cuniã (RO/AM) ESEC de Jutaí-Solimões ESEC Juami-Japurá FES Canutama FES de Manicoré FES de Maués FES do Apuí FES do Aripuanã FES do Rio Urubu FES do Sucunduri FES Tapauá FLONA de Balata-Tufari FLONA de Humaitá FLONA de Pau-Rosa FLONA de Tefé FLONA do Amazonas FLONA do Iquiri FLONA do Jatuarana FLONA do Purus FLONA Mapiá-Inauini PARNA da Amazônia (PA/AM) PARNA de Anavilhanas PARNA do Jaú PARNA do Juruena (MT/AM) PARNA do Pico da Neblina PARNA dos Campos Amazônicos (AM/RO/MT) PARNA Mapinguari (AM/RO) PARNA Nascentes do Lago Jari PES da Serra do Aracá PES do Guariba PES do Matupiri PES do Rio Negro Setor Norte PES do Rio Negro Setor Sul PES do Sucunduri PES Sumaúma RDS Amanã RDS Aripuanã RDS Bararati RDS Canumã RDS Cujubim RDS de Uacari RDS do Juma RDS do Matupiri RDS do Rio Amapá RDS do Rio Madeira RDS do Rio Negro RDS do Uatumã RDS Igapó-Açu RDS Mamirauá RDS Piagaçu-Purus RDS Puranga Conquista REBIO do Abufari REBIO do Uatumã REBIO Morro dos Seis Lagos RESEC de Sauim-Castanheira RESEX Arapixi RESEX Auatí-Paraná RESEX Canutama RESEX Catuá-Ipixuna RESEX do Baixo Juruá RESEX do Guariba RESEX do Lago do Capanã Grande RESEX do Médio Juruá
State State State Federal Federal State State State State Federal Federal Federal Federal State Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal State State Federal Federal State Federal Federal Federal State Federal State Federal State State State State State Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal State State State State State State State State Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State Federal Federal State Federal Federal Federal State State Federal State Federal Federal
SU SU SU SU FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP SU SU FP FP SU FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU
1,93
183.600.355
50.101.614
72.913.904
39,71
Figure 1. Evolution of accumulated deforestation within CAs and TIs of Amazonia, year by year
Figure 2. Annual deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia inside and outside the Indigenous Lands and Conservation Areas,
in percentages*
* Based on the deforestation observed within the limits of the ILs and CAs existing on October 25th 2014. Data ignore the dates on which the CAs were created or the ILs regularized.
Conservation Areas in Legal Amazonia The National System of Nature Conservation Areas (SNUC) was instituted by Federal Law nº 9.985, issued July 18th 2000, which regulates article 225, Paragraph 1, items I, II, III and VII of the Federal Constitution, instituting and establishing criteria and norms for the creation, implantation and management of Conservation Areas (CAs). The CA is a portion of national territory (or Brazilian territorial waters) designated by the public authorities as an area held under special administrative control due to its possession of important natural features, protected by various guarantees thereby implied. Its primary objective is to ensure conservation of biodiversity, natural landscapes and important geomorphological, speleological, archaeological and paleontological features; educate and improve the environmental awareness of the citizen and value traditional knowledge. The SNUC proposes the complementation of the national system with state and municipal systems of conservation areas. The SNUC classifies the CAs into two groups: Full Protection and Sustainable Use. The Full Protection Areas (FP) have the objective of preserving nature with only indirect use of their natural resources being permitted, except in cases set out in the Law in question. The Sustainable Use Areas (SU) have the objective of harmonizing natural conservation with the sustainable use of resources, reconciling the human presence in protected areas. The categories intended for use in the case of traditional populations are preferentially the Resex, RDS and Flonas.
Instituto Socioambiental, 26/10/2014, based on official data. For more information, see these specialized sites: http://uc.socioambiental.org, http://ti.socioambiental.org and http://pib.socioambiental.org 1
2
Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). 2010. Census 2010.
3
Prodes/INPE 2014: deforestation as of 2013, composed of the following: original forest formations, non-forest formations, water and cloud.
Instituto Socioambiental (ISA), Protected Areas Monitoring Programs. 2014. In order to calculate deforestation, we have used the official delimited areas cited in the legal instruments establishing or altering the boundaries of the CAs and recognizing the ILs. Overlaps between CAs were excluded, prioritizing them in the following sequence: federal full protection, state full protection, federal sustainable use, state sustainable use. 4
The analysis of deforestation did not include the 46 CAs from the APA category since the latter is more a territorial management area than a unit intended for the conservation and use of natural resources. Their domains can include any kind activity, from industrial and mining to areas consolidated for human occupation.
Indigenous Lands (ha)
% of the federal state
Area of the federal state under CAs/ILs
% of the federal state
Conservation Areas in Legal Amazonia (27/10/2014) Conservation Area
1.485.271
% of the federal state
* Instituto Socioambiental/Protected Areas Monitoring Program, Cas and ILs 1:250.000 and boundaries of states IBGE/Sivam (1:250.000); deducing territorial waters and any overlaps with other protected areas in the following hierarchy: Indigenous Lands, Full Protection (federal; state), Sustainable Use (federal; state).
1,66
892.174
w
Acre
Total
Full Protection CA (ha)
1,77
76.918.257
w
Oficial area of the federal state (ha)
127.855
ILs
18 29%
State
496.198
2,07
12,34% 6,49% 1,42% 4,34% 0,73% 0,00% 5,85% 0,47% 0,00% 3,01% 0,01% 2,36% 11,49% 2,58% 0,92% 0,01% 1,39% 0,25% 0,02% 8,90% 8,90% 3,47% 0,01% 2,67% 0,14% 0,03% 2,19% 0,40% 23,83% 19,89%
Table 3. Conservation Areas and Indigenous Lands by State of Brazilian Amazon, withous APAs (27/10/2014)
66.388
1.480.202
51,79% 27,23% 5,96% 18,21% 3,07% 0,00% 24,56% 1,96% 0,02% 12,64% 0,05% 9,89% 48,21% 10,84% 3,86% 0,02% 5,82% 1,04% 0,10% 37,37% 37,37% 14,56% 0,02% 11,21% 0,58% 0,14% 9,19% 1,67% 100,00%
61.779.148 32.487.492 7.106.866 21.723.142 3.657.240 244 29.291.656 2.338.337 18.842 15.074.370 64.850 11.795.257 57.507.963 12.931.188 4.605.718 29.779 6.938.077 1.239.386 118.227 44.576.775 44.576.775 17.371.421 26.107 13.369.279 685.977 165.641 10.961.476 1.996.873 119.287.112 99.577.354
w
194.368
564.465
% of Area in relation to Total Area of Brazilian Amazon
U
7.709.519 71.427.656
% of Area in relation to Total Area of Cas
91 579 831
27.966.420
CAs total
Analysed Area** (ha)
62.860.818 32.674.810 7.062.350 21.901.530 3.710.821 109 30.186.008 2.453.635 20.864 15.701.767 64.735 11.945.007 62.035.273 13.153.136 4.628.315 32.410 7.024.394 1.261.650 100.000 106.367 48.882.137 21.088.786 25.000 13.380.351 1.055.000 279.030 11.067.038 1.986.932 124.896.091 101.402.970
Full Protection
Outside the ILs and CAs
5
Oficial Area* (ha)
m
Pará Table 1. Accumulated deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia and within ILs and CAs (irrespective of the date of creation/homologation)
Quantity
Year of creation
Area in the federal Accumulated deforestation Accumulated deforestation state (ha) 2013 (ha) 2013 (%)
2005 2005 2009 1999 1981 1997 2004 2004 2004 2001 2001 1988 1989 2004 1990 1990 2000 2002 2005 2004 1998 1981 1982 2006 1989 1980 2002 1997 1980 1985 1990 1990 1990 1989 1995 1995 1985 1985 2014 2001 1983 2001 2009 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2009 2005 1998 2001 1989 1989 2008 2002 1988 1989 1974 1981 1980 2006 1979 2006 2008 2008 1990 2005 2009 1995 1995 2005 2003 1998 2005 2005 2005 2003 2005 2006 2009 2005 2006 2008 2004 2009 1990 2003 2014 1982 1990 1990 1982 2006 2001 2009 2003 2001 2005 2004 1997
30.000 5.224 25.000 2.576 77.500 65.965 143.897 216.062 126.360 230.257 21.600 173.475 846.633 695.303 506.186 970.570 151.200 750.795 325.603 137 23.000 72.000 63.702 2.369.400 412.000 619.000 3.867.000 806.184 357.000 111 501.771 374.700 195.900 28.370 461.741 611.008 15.000 3.288 668.160 16.688 284.285 745.830 150.588 83.381 438.440 185.946 336.040 27.342 492.905 881.704 1.077.859 468.790 827.877 1.020.000 1.573.100 1.476.073 580.201 256.000 311.000 16.311 350.018 2.272.000 777.718 2.200.000 833.331 1.603.547 812.141 1.818.700 72.296 513.747 146.028 86.601 808.312 53 2.350.000 224.291 113.606 22.355 2.450.380 632.949 589.611 179.083 216.109 283.117 103.086 424.430 397.557 1.124.000 1.008.167 76.936 288.000 940.358 36.900 109 133.637 146.950 197.986 217.486 187.982 150.465 304.146 286.933
20.529 3.506 1.150 969 s.i. 11.338 3.512 4.343 4.095 3.375 122 254 17.070 297 15.554 46.221 4.063 8.069 5.240 2 1.710 985 247 23.103 796 798 4.085 1.352 1.414 s.i. 3.764 37.830 4.009 18.701 66.774 22.981 s.i. 674 s.i. 71 1.052 46 244 60 11.958 141 163 1 60 1.964 5.632 691 4.310 10.704 2.618 9.785 1.275 2.379 514 1.936 3.995 699 16.260 2.621 11.056 1.195 3.298 10 448 704 225 426 56 9.840 136 287 2.074 2.254 4.845 7.102 17 720 12.666 6.124 6.443 5.341 184 1.970 3.116 360 217 791 244 2.663 1.671 1.105 13.201 2.763 115 5.221 2.466
(69,10%) (67%) (4,41%) (37,52%) s.i. (16,55%) (2,50%) (2,04%) (3,20%) (1,47%) (0,58%) (0,14%) (2,08%) (0,05%) (2,90%) (4,94%) (2,65%) (1,07%) (1,62%) (1,68%) (33,33%) (7,75%) (0,40%) (0,99%) (0,17%) (0,64%) (0,11%) (0,16%) (1,54%) s.i. (0,89%) (9,88%) (75,94%) (33,82%) (14,86%) (3,82%) s.i. (21,13%) s.i. (0,56%) (0,37%) (0,01%) (0,18%) (0,07%) (3,04%) (0,08%) (0,05%) (0,01%) (0,01%) (0,23%) (0,52%) (0,15%) (0,44%) (1,30%) (0,14%) (0,67%) (0,22%) (0,93%) (0,14%) (0,00%) (0,99%) (0,17%) (0,09%) (0,30%) (0,39%) (0,70%) (0,15%) (0,18%) (0,02%) (0,09%) (0,49%) (0,26%) (0,06%) (100%) (0,44%) (0,06%) (0,28%) (13,17%) (0,09%) (0,79%) (1,27%) (0,01%) (0,35%) (4,73%) (6,22%) (1,70%) (1,37%) (0,02%) (0,32%) (4,20%) (0,22%) (0,03%) (2,09%) (100%) (2,04%) (1,19%) (0,59%) (6,40%) (1,58%) (0,08%) (1,75%) (0,99%)
cont./Conservation Areas in Legal Amazonia
cont./Conservation Areas in Legal Amazonia
Conservation Area
Administration
Group
RESEX do Rio Gregório RESEX do Rio Jutaí RESEX Ituxi RESEX Médio Purus RESEX Rio Unini MARANHÃO APA Baixada Ocidental Maranhense APA da Região de Maracanã APA das Reentrâncias Maranhenses APA do Itapiracó APA Lagoa da Jansen APA Upaon-Açu/Miritiba/Alto Preguiças ESEC do Sítio Rangedor PARNA da Chapada das Mesas PARNA das Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba (MA/FP/TO/BA) PES de Mirador PES do Bacanga PES Marinho do Parcel de Manuel Luís REBIO do Gurupi RESEX da Mata Grande RESEX de Cururupu RESEX do Ciriaco RESEX do Quilombo Frechal MATO GROSSO APA da Chapada dos Guimarães APA das Cabeceiras do Rio Cuiabá APA do Rio da Casca APA dos Meandros do Rio Araguaia (MT/TO/GO) APA Nascentes do Rio Paraguai APA Pé da Serra Azul APA Salto Magessi APA Santa Rosa ESEC de Iquê ESEC de Taiamã ESEC do Rio da Casca ESEC do Rio Flor do Prado ESEC do Rio Madeirinha ESEC do Rio Roosevelt ESEC Rio Ronuro ESEC Serra das Araras MONAT Morro de Santo Antônio PARNA da Chapada dos Guimarães PARNA do Juruena (MT/AM) PARNA do Pantanal Mato-Grossense PARNA dos Campos Amazônicos (AM/RO/MT) PES Águas do Cuiabá PES Águas Quentes PES Cristalino PES Cristalino II PES da José Inácio da Silva (Zé Bolo Flô) PES da Serra Azul PES do Araguaia PES do Guirá PES do Xingu PES Dom Osório Stoffel PES Encontro das Águas PES Gruta da Lagoa Azul PES Igarapés do Juruena PES Mãe Bonifácia PES Massairo Okamura PES Quineira PES Serra de Santa Bárbara PES Serra Ricardo Franco PES Tucumã REBIO do Culuene RESEC Apiacás RESEX Guariba-Roosevelt RVS Corixão da Mata Azul RVS Quelônios do Araguaia PARÁ APA Algodoal-Maiandeua APA Arquipélago do Marajó APA da Ilha do Combu APA de São Geraldo do Araguaia APA do Igarapé Gelado APA do Lago de Tucuruí APA do Tapajós APA Metropolitana de Belém APA Paytuna APA Triunfo do Xingu ESEC da Terra do Meio ESEC do Grão-Pará ESEC do Jari (AP/PA) FES de Faro FES do Iriri FES do Paru FES do Trombetas FLONA Caxiuanã FLONA de Altamira FLONA de Carajás FLONA de Itacaiúnas FLONA de Itaituba I FLONA de Itaituba II FLONA de Mulata FLONA de Saracá-Taquera FLONA do Amanã FLONA do Crepori FLONA do Jamanxim FLONA do Tapajós FLONA do Tapirapé-Aquiri FLONA do Trairão PARNA da Amazônia (PA/AM) PARNA da Serra do Pardo PARNA do Jamanxim PARNA do Rio Novo PES Charapucu PES do Utinga PES Monte Alegre PES Serra dos Martírios/Andorinhas RDS de Itatupã-Baquiá RDS do Alcobaça RDS do Pucuruí-Ararão REBIO do Rio Trombetas REBIO do Tapirapé REBIO Maicuru REBIO Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo RESEX Arióca Pruanã RESEX Chocoaré - Mato Grosso RESEX de São João da Ponta RESEX Gurupá-Melgaço RESEX Ipaú-Anilzinho RESEX Mãe Grande de Curuçá RESEX Mapuá RESEX Marinha Cuinarana RESEX Marinha de Araí-Peroba RESEX Marinha de Caeté-Taperaçu RESEX Marinha de Gurupi-Piriá RESEX Marinha de Soure RESEX Marinha de Tracuateua RESEX Marinha do Maracanã RESEX Marinha Mestre Lucindo RESEX Marinha Mocapajuba RESEX Renascer RESEX Rio Iriri RESEX Rio Xingu RESEX Riozinho do Anfrísio RESEX Tapajós-Arapiuns RESEX Terra Grande-Pracuúba RESEX Verde para Sempre RVS Metrópole da Amazônia RONDÔNIA APA do Rio Madeira APA Rio Pardo ESEC de Cuniã (RO/AM) ESEC de Samuel ESEC Serra dos Três Irmãos FES Rio Pardo FLONA de Jacundá FLONA do Bom Futuro FLONA do Jamari FLOREX Rio Preto-Jacundá FLORSU Araras FLORSU Cedro FLORSU do Rio Machado FLORSU do Rio Madeira (B) FLORSU do Rio Madeira (C) FLORSU do Rio Vermelho (C) FLORSU Gavião FLORSU Mutum FLORSU Periquito FLORSU Tucano PARNA dos Campos Amazônicos (AM/RO/MT) PARNA Mapinguari (AM/RO) PARNA Pacaás Novos PARNA Serra da Cutia PES de Corumbiara PES de Guajará-Mirim PES Serra dos Reis PES Serra dos Reis A REBIO do Guaporé REBIO do Jaru REBIO do Rio Ouro Preto REBIO do Traçadal RESEX Angelim RESEX Aquariquara RESEX Barreiro das Antas RESEX Castanheira RESEX Curralinho RESEX do Itaúba RESEX do Lago do Cuniã RESEX do Mogno RESEX do Piquiá RESEX do Rio Cautário RESEX do Rio Ouro Preto RESEX do Rio Pacaás Novos RESEX Freijó RESEX Garrote RESEX Ipê RESEX Jaci Paraná RESEX Jatobá
State Federal Federal Federal Federal State State State State State State State Federal Federal State State State Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal State State State Federal State State State State Federal Federal State State State State State Federal State Federal Federal Federal Federal State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State Federal State Federal State State State Federal State Federal State State State State Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal State State State State Federal State State Federal Federal State Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal State State State Federal State State State Federal Federal Federal State State State State State State State State State State State Federal Federal Federal Federal State State State State Federal Federal State State State State Federal State State State Federal State State Federal Federal State State State State State State
SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP FP FP FP FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP SU FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP SU SU SU FP FP FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP SU SU FP FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU
Year of creation 2007 2002 2008 2008 2006 1991 1991 1991 1997 1988 1992 2005 2005 2002 1980 1980 1991 1988 1992 2004 1992 1992 1995 1999 1994 1998 2006 1994 2002 2013 1981 1981 1994 2003 1997 2007 1998 1982 2006 1989 2006 1981 2006 2002 1978 2001 2001 2000 1994 2001 2002 2001 2002 2004 1999 2002 2001 2000 2006 1997 1997 2002 1989 1992 1996 2001 2001 1990 1989 1997 1996 1989 2002 2006 1993 2001 2006 2005 2006 1982 2006 2006 2006 2006 1961 1998 1998 1998 1998 1998 2001 1989 2006 2006 2006 1974 1989 2006 1974 2005 2006 2006 2010 1993 2001 1996 2005 2002 2002 1979 1989 2006 2005 2005 2002 2002 2006 2005 2002 2005 2014 2005 2005 2005 2001 2005 2002 2014 2014 2009 2006 2008 2004 1998 2006 2004 2010 1991 2010 2001 1989 1990 2010 2004 1988 1984 1989 1996 1996 1990 1996 1990 1990 1996 1996 1996 1996 2006 2008 1979 2001 1990 1990 1995 1996 1982 1961 1990 1990 1995 1995 2001 1995 1995 1995 1999 1995 1995 2001 1990 1995 1995 1995 1995 1996 1995
Area in the federal Accumulated deforestation Accumulated deforestation state (ha) 2013 (ha) 2013 (%) 308.859 275.533 776.940 604.209 833.352 1.775.040 1.831 2.680.910 322 196 1.535.310 121 160.046 328.076 500.000 3.075 45.237 341.650 10.450 185.046 8.084 9.542 251.848 473.411 39.250 268.238 77.743 7.980 7.846 313.467 200.000 11.200 3.534 8.517 13.683 96.168 102.000 28.700 258 33.000 1.169.564 135.000 3.641 10.600 1.487 66.900 118.000 66 11.002 223.170 100.000 95.024 6.422 108.960 12.513 227.817 77 54 120.092 158.621 80.945 3.900 100.000 138.092 40.000 60.000 2.378 5.998.570 1.500 29.655 21.600 568.667 2.039.581 7.500 58.251 1.679.281 3.373.110 4.245.819 163.424 635.936 440.493 3.612.914 3.172.978 200.000 689.012 411.949 141.400 212.329 405.701 212.751 429.600 540.417 739.806 1.301.120 582.149 190.000 257.482 1.054.426 445.392 859.722 537.757 65.181 1.393 3.678 24.897 64.735 36.128 29.049 385.000 103.000 1.151.761 342.478 83.445 2.786 3.203 145.298 55.816 37.062 94.464 11.037 62.035 42.069 74.081 27.464 27.154 30.019 26.465 21.029 211.741 398.938 303.841 736.340 647.611 194.695 1.288.720 6.367 5.554 144.417 167.776 71.061 87.412 s.i 220.644 97.357 215.000 1.055.000 965 2.567 175.781 51.856 30.000 4.127 440 11.471 1.163 660 124.436 192.317 764.801 283.612 384.055 216.568 36.442 2.244 600.000 353.335 46.438 22.540 8.923 18.100 107.234 10.200 1.758 1.758 55.850 2.450 1.449 73.818 204.583 342.904 600 803 815 197.364 1.135
2.320 1.896 1.689 4.444 1.130 870.694 579 626.060 274 197 56.261 90 s.i. s.i. s.i. 1.044 s.i. 77.841 11.708 22.328 5.618 8.748 34.400 22.163 10.089 1.517 1.448 s.i. 272 1.228 2.643 s.i. s.i. s.i. s.i. 608 3.679 70 s.i. 3.471 9.826 s.i. 123 s.i. 494 3.984 25.996 s.i. s.i. 1.733 s.i. s.i. 1.540 140 s.i. 2.258 s.i. s.i. s.i. 4.277 38.100 590 s.i. 212 7.533 s.i. 1.284 106 154.314 4 13.857 8.663 172.256 81.446 3.224 14.448 447.914 48.169 1.371 428 1.819 3.694 6.133 6.953 1.694 24.641 6.709 20.238 654 7.222 301 16.588 4.028 2.864 138.392 20.730 2.092 3.320 4.398 26.475 16.621 8.914 s.i. 559 653 1.300 64 s.i. s.i. 1.891 749 5.638 26.402 9.548 148 286 2.325 18.587 1.982 2.822 s.i. 526 2.619 6.649 836 902 1.254 s.i. s.i. 15.251 7.408 3.724 3.325 52.361 5.637 38.947 1.176 3.273 79.019 1.066 s.i. 31 s.i. 3.418 13.575 7.705 103.906 719 489 531 4.375 436 8.134 203 5.808 858 113 2.151 1.690 858 281 8.305 7.349 1.475 1.490 1.901 9.881 5 13 729 985 58 469 73 66 846 81 164 938 17.708 2.076 97 28 148 58.508 393
(0,76%) (0,72%) (0,22%) (0,76%) (0,14%) (88,15%) (55,97%) (68,88%) (57,60%) (100%) (25,74%) (73,80%) s.i. s.i. s.i. (82,02%) s.i. (28,61%) (90,78%) (28,82%) (73,22%) (100%) (62,00%) (88,67%) (82,31%) (3,04%) (76,00%) s.i. (15,08%) (0,44%) (1,70%) s.i. s.i. s.i. s.i. (0,73%) (3,55%) (1,07%) s.i. (56,51%) (0,90%) s.i. (3,60%) s.i. (33,45%) (6,75%) (21,26%) s.i. s.i. (8,06%) s.i. s.i. (27,42%) (2,76%) s.i. (1,01%) s.i. s.i. s.i. (18,85%) (49,11%) (0,73%) s.i. (0,20%) (5,93%) s.i. (4,37%) (5,48%) (4,73%) (0,25%) (75,17%) (43,94%) (58,93%) (3,98%) (58,80%) (75,14%) (27,35%) (1,44%) (0,03%) (0,27%) (0,29%) (0,84%) (0,18%) (0,22%) (0,53%) (3,23%) (1,76%) (14,70%) (0,31%) (1,82%) (0,17%) (3,80%) (0,74%) (0,39%) (10,63%) (3,95%) (1,06%) (1,28%) (0,46%) (6,62%) (1,92%) (1,69%) s.i. (51,78%) (45,23%) (65,33%) (0,10%) s.i. s.i. (0,50%) (0,74%) (0,49%) (16,28%) (11,55%) (8,20%) (11,56%) (1,70%) (42,40%) (10,29%) (3,24%) s.i. (7,55%) (10,66%) (16,20%) (8,38%) (5,48%) (8,58%) s.i. s.i. (8,20%) (2,01%) (1,36%) (0,45%) (7,74%) (3,40%) (3,93%) (18,95%) (76,11%) (54,68%) (0,71%) s.i. (0,04%) s.i. (1,55%) (13,88%) (3,53%) (10,05%) (67,47%) (18,88%) (0,71%) (8,72%) (1,47%) (40,66%) (44,53%) (53,77%) (74,00%) (23,59%) (2,40%) (0,98%) (0,17%) (0,12%) (6,27%) (6,37%) (4,13%) (59,56%) (0,52%) (2,85%) (0,01%) (0,07%) (8,61%) (5,70%) (0,06%) (4,81%) (4,42%) (4,06%) (1,86%) (3,43%) (12,65%) (1,56%) (9,56%) (0,59%) (16,15%) (3,03%) (18,06%) (28,59%) (32,62%)
cont./Indigenous Lands in Legal Amazonia
Conservation Area
Administration
Group
RESEX Maracatiara RESEX Massaranduba RESEX Pedras Negras RESEX Rio Cautário (State) RESEX Rio Preto-Jacundá RESEX Roxinho RESEX Seringueira RESEX Sucupira RORAIMA APA Baixo Rio Branco ESEC de Caracaraí ESEC de Maracá ESEC Niquiá FLONA de Anauá FLONA de Roraima PARNA do Monte Roraima PARNA do Viruá PARNA Serra da Mocidade TOCANTINS APA das Nascentes de Araguaína APA dos Meandros do Rio Araguaia (MT/TO/GO) APA Foz do Rio Santa Teresa APA Jalapão APA Lago de Palmas APA Lago de Peixe Angical APA Lago de Santa Isabel APA Lago de São Salvador do TO, Paranã e Palmeirópolis APA Leandro (Ilha do Bananal/Cantão) APA Serra da Tabatinga APA Serra do Lajeado ESEC Serra Geral do Tocantins (TO/BA) MONAT das Árvores Fossilizadas do Estado do Tocantins PARNA das Nascentes do Rio Parnaíba (MA/FP/TO/BA) PARNA do Araguaia PES do Cantão PES do Jalapão PES do Lajeado RESEX do Extremo Norte do Tocantins
State State State State State State State State State Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal State Federal State State State State State State State Federal State Federal State Federal Federal State State State Federal
SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP FP SU SU FP FP FP SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU SU FP FP FP FP FP FP FP SU
Year of creation
Area in the federal Accumulated deforestation Accumulated deforestation state (ha) 2013 (ha) 2013 (%)
1995 1995 1995 1995 1996 1995 1995 1995 2006 1982 1981 1985 2005 1989 1989 1998 1998 1999 1998 1997 2000 1999 2002 2002 2002 1997 1990 1997 2001 2000 2002 1959 1998 2001 2001 1992
9.503 5.566 124.409 146.400 95.300 882 537 3.188 1.207.650 80.560 101.312 286.600 259.550 167.268 116.000 227.011 350.960 15.822 2.202 50.784 461.730 50.370 78.874 18.608 14.525 1.678.000 35.328 121.416 639.942 32.152 107.942 557.714 90.018 158.885 9.931 9.280
1.043 1.123 193 s.i. s.i. 105 46 131 1.501 1.691 2.665 31 25 1.989 173 18 9 s.i. s.i. s.i. s.i. s.i. 11.958 s.i. 54.671 s.i. s.i. s.i. s.i. s.i. 3.145 2.328 s.i. s.i. 8.479
(11,98%) (18,08%) (0,34%) s.i. s.i. (10,15%) (9,26%) (4,55%) (0,17%) (2,42%) (2,72%) (0,04%) (0,01%) (1,19%) (0,18%) (0,02%) (0,00%) s.i. (0%) s.i. s.i. s.i. s.i. (87,99%) s.i. (30,46%) s.i. s.i. s.i. s.i. s.i. (1,88%) (2,93%) s.i. s.i. (99,95%)
Indigenous Lands and Peoples in Legal Amazonia The region is home to 173 indigenous peoples living in 420 Indigenous Lands (ILs) which total 111.401.207 hectares, the equivalent to 22,25% of Legal Amazonia. At least 76,4% of these lands have now been officially recognized (table 4). ISA’s knowledge of Amazonia’s indigenous peoples and their lands stems from its daily research in the Federal Official Gazette, conducted since the 1980s, where the decrees and directives relating to the recognition of ILs are published. Other data is collected daily from numerous sources: news on the peoples and ILs, information on pressures and threats, infrastructural works, indigenous projects and partnerships to manage their lands, as well as highly qualified information on indigenous peoples obtained through a broad network of collaborators. This data is organized in a web database system and published on the Povos Indígenas no Brasil site, http://pib.socioambiental.org/pt, the De Olho nas TIs site, http:// ti.socioambiental.org/, and the PIB Mirim site, aimed at children, http://pibmirim.socioambiental.org/ as well as being published in the Povos Indígenas no Brasil series and other publications. The names and numbers of peoples may change as the IL recognition process advances. For example, references exist to more than 60 groups still without official contact with surrounding Brazilian society and where precise information on location and ethnic affiliation is absent. According to the 2010 IBGE Census, 433.363 indigenous people live in Brazilian Legal Amazonia, either in ILs or urban centres. According to data compiled by ISA, more than 300.000 of this population live in ILs. As well as the importance of the ILs in protecting the collective rights and the cultural identity of indigenous peoples, these areas possess a huge value in terms of conserving the region’s forests. Many of these lands, however, have been invaded by farmers, miners, loggers, fishermen and hunters, all after the natural resources preserved there, provoking conflicts and preventing the exclusive usufruct of the natural wealth present in these areas, as assured to the indigenous peoples by law. The process of formal recognition executed by the State via FUNAI is undertaken in stages and follows the administrative procedures set out in Decree 1.775/96. These stages are: 1. Identification of limits: FUNAI organizes studies of the area occupied by the indigenous population: ethnohistorical, legal, cartographic and environmental, as well as a land property survey, undertaken by a technical group (GT). 2. Approval of FUNAI: FUNAI analyses the results of the studies and, on approval by its president, these will be published in the Federal Official Gazette (DOU) and the Official Gazette of the State in which the area is located, and displayed at the head offices of the local municipal governments. After publication, the limits can be contested. 3. Declaration of possession: After the contestation deadline has passed, the process is forwarded to the Ministry of Justice, which can declare the delimited area to be possessed by the indigenous population or prescribe further procedures. The minister can also reject the identification based on Paragraph 1 of Article 231 of the Federal Constitution. 4. Homologation: The physical demarcation of the territory is submitted to the President of the Republic for homologation by decree. Although the decree establishes deadlines for each of the stages, these are seldom respected and there is no penalty for those responsible. Some lands have been under analysis for years or even decades, delayed by lack of response by the Executive or by actions in the Judiciary that prevent recognition from progressing. Table 4. Indigenous Lands in Legal Amazonia by legal-administrative situation (27/10/2014)
Lega adm n
a ve a u
Quan y
%
A ea he a e
%
n he p o e o be ng den fied *
51
12 14
1 082 512
0 97
Funa Confi med
18
4 29
1 944 754
1 75
De a ed
30
7 14
4 020 568
3 61
Confi med
321
76 43
104 353 373
93 67
To a
420
100 00
111 401 207
100 00
Indigenous Lands in Legal Amazonia (27/10/2014) Indigenous Land ACRE Alto Rio Purus Alto Tarauacá Arara do Rio Amônia Arara/Igarapé Humaitá Cabeceira do Rio Acre Cabeceiras dos rios Muru e Iboiaçu Campinas/Katukina Igarapé do Caucho Igarapé Taboca do Alto Tarauacá Jaminawa do Igarapé Preto Jaminawa do Rio Caeté Jaminawa/Arara do Rio Bagé Jaminawa/Envira Kampa do Igarapé Primavera Kampa do Rio Amônea Kampa e Isolados do Rio Envira Katukina/Kaxinawa Kaxinawa da Colônia Vinte e Sete Kaxinawa do Baixo Jordão Kaxinawa do Rio Humaitá Kaxinawa do Rio Jordão Kaxinawa do Seringal Curralinho Kaxinawa Nova Olinda Kaxinawa Praia do Carapanã Kaxinawa Seringal Independência Kaxinawa/Ashaninka do Rio Breu Kulina do Igarapé do Pau Kulina do Médio Juruá (AM/AC) Kulina do Rio Envira Mamoadate Manchineri do Seringal Guanabara Nawa Nukini Poyanawa Rio Gregório Riozinho do Alto Envira AMAPÁ Galibi Juminá Tumucumaque, PI (PA/AP) Uaçá I e II Waiãpi Yanwaka AMAZONAS Acapuri de Cima Acimã Água Preta/Inari Aldeia Beija Flor Alto Rio Negro Alto Sepatini Andirá-Marau (PA/AM) Apipica Apurinã do Igarapé Mucuim Apurinã do Igarapé São João Apurinã do Igarapé Tauamirim Apurinã km-124 BR-317 Arary Ariramba Baixo Rio Negro Baixo Rio Negro II Baixo Seruini/Baixo Tumiã Balaio Banawá Barreira da Missão Barro Alto Betânia Boa Vista Boca do Acre Bom Intento Cacau do Tarauacá Caititu Cajuhiri Atravessado Camadeni Camicuã Capivara Catipari/Mamoriá Coatá-Laranjal Cué-Cué/Marabitanas Cuia Cuiú-Cuiú Cunhã-Sapucaia Deni Diahui Espírito Santo Estrela da Paz Évare I Évare II
Area in the federal state (ha) 263.129 142.619 20.764 87.572 78.512 * 32.623 12.318 287 25.651 * 28.926 80.618 21.987 87.205 232.795 23.474 105 8.726 127.383 87.293 * 27.533 60.698 14.750 31.277 45.590 877 84.365 313.647 * * 27.263 24.499 187.400 260.972 6.689 41.601 61.597 470.164 607.000 * 19.400 40.686 139.763 41 7.999.380 26.095 322.581 652 73.350 18.232 96.456 42.198 40.750 10.357 * * * 257.281 195.700 1.772 1.937 122.769 337 26.240 1.693 28.367 308.062 12.500 150.930 58.519 650 115.044 1.153.210 808.645 1.322 36.450 471.450 1.531.300 47.354 33.849 12.876 548.177 176.205
Indigenous population / Year of information 1.736 2013 278 542 238
2003 2013 2005
554 456
2012 2003
210
2005
169 111 21 450 283 708 70 319 287 1.230 89 247 485 166 400 127 2.300 257 1.105 166 306 553 403 537 105 130 61 1.700 4.462 919
Accumulated deforestation 2013 (ha) 2.186,77 1.126,75 1.220,26 448,14 598,98
Accumulated deforestation 2013 (%) (0,84%) (0,80%) (5,78%) (0,51%) (0,76%)
994,62 2.101,47 39,21 221,86
(2,99%) (17,29%) (13,65%) (0,85%)
2005 2003 2005 2003 2005 2005 2003 2005 2005 2005 2005 2003 2003 2005 2003 2003 2004 2003 2005 2005 2005 2005 2005 2012 2004 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
104,75 715,02 130,25 312,49 1.493,13 1.546,85 83,26 550,53 597,02 1.162,15
(0,36%) (0,88%) (0,59%) (0,36%) (0,64%) (6,57%) (78,83%) (6,39%) (0,46%) (1,29%)
504,59 1.786,05 323,05 204,07 701,26 28 406,11 941,95
(1,96%) (2,93%) (2,79%) (0,65%) (1,54%) (3,22%) (0,49%) (0,30%)
1.839,81 1.641,03 2.131,72 292,41 319,97 187,60 0,00 5.941,98 1.999,75
(5,71%) (6,63%) (1,10%) (0,11%) (6,06%) (1,34%) (0%) (2,12%) (0,33%)
141 68 255
2011 2006 2002
26.046 47 7.376 68 89 142 295 209 200 73
2013 2006 2002 1998 2006 2010 2010 2002 2002 1996
44,19 286,45 638,24 s.i. 93.728,28 108,06 26.189 625,08 398,25 734,33 274,57 1.606,40 406,21 98,10
(0,24%) (0,70%) (0,45%) s.i. (1,11%) (0,42%) (8,42%) (94,52%) (0,56%) (4,27%) (0,28%) (3,84%) (1,20%) (0,93%)
350 192 788 62 5.341 54 248 378 230 1.022 51 148 454 247 197 2.484 1.864 77 721 587 590 77 425 645 18.086 2.347
2000 2010 2011 2011 2011 2010 2002 2011 2003 2010 2010 2010 2002 2010 2002 2010 2010 2010 2011 2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011
1.581,24 770,61 45,59 183,39 3.022,60 s.i. 1.589,99 52,82 602,53 1.586,69 1.350,45 107,58 526,27 280,43 286,80 7.959,23 21.670,29 561,84 827,09 1.076,01 5.784,65 1.881,26 0,61 966,76 15.431,94 1.313,23
(0,61%) (0,40%) (2,40%) (9,40%) (2,76%) s.i. (5,97%) (4,51%) (2,11%) (0,55%) (11,02%) (0,07%) (0,90%) (46,88%) (0,25%) (0,73%) (1,61%) (39,67%) (2,35%) (0,25%) (0,38%) (3,98%) (0,00%) (7,80%) (2,83%) (0,78%)
Indigenous Land Fortaleza do Castanho Fortaleza do Patauá Gavião Guajahã Guanabara Guapenu Hi-Merimã Igarapé Capanã Igarapé Grande Igarapé Paiol Ilha do Camaleão Inauini/Teuini Ipixuna Isolados na Cabeceira do Rio Cuniá Itaitinga Itixi Mitari Jacareúba/Katawixi Jamamadi do Lourdes Jaminawa da Colocação São Paulino Jaminawa do Caiapucá Jaquiri Jarawara/Jamamadi/Kanamanti Jatuarana Jauary Juma Kanamari do Rio Juruá Kaxarari (AM/RO) Kulina do Médio Juruá (AM/AC) Kumaru do Lago Ualá Lago Aiapuá Lago Beruri Lago Capanã Lago do Barrigudo Lago do Correio Lago do Limão Lago do Marinheiro Lago Jauari Lauro Sodré Macarrão Mapari Maraã/Urubaxi Maraitá Marajaí Matintin Mawetek Médio Rio Negro I Médio Rio Negro II Méria Miguel/Josefa Miratu Muratuba Murutinga/Tracajá Natal/Felicidade Nhamundá-Mapuera (PA/AM) Nova Esperança do Rio Jandiatuba Nove de Janeiro Pacovão Padre Pantaleão Paracuhuba Paraná do Arauató Paraná do Boá-Boá Paraná do Paricá Patauá Paumari do Cuniuá Paumari do Lago Manissuã Paumari do Lago Marahã Paumari do Lago Paricá Paumari do Rio Ituxi Peneri/Tacaquiri Pinatuba Pirahã Ponciano Porto Limoeiro Porto Praia Prosperidade Recreio/São Félix Rio Apapóris Rio Biá Rio Jumas Rio Manicoré Rio Tea Rio Urubu Riozinho Santa Cruz da Nova Aliança São Domingos do Jacapari e Estação São Francisco do Canimari São Gabriel/São Salvador São Leopoldo São Pedro São Pedro do Sepatini São Sebastião Sapotal Sepoti Seruini/Marienê Setemã Sissaíma Sururuá Tabocal Tenharim do Igarapé Preto Tenharim Marmelos (Gleba B) Tenharim/Marmelos Tikuna de Santo Antônio Tikuna Feijoal Tikuna Porto Espiritual Torá Trincheira Trombetas/Mapuera (PA/AM/RR) Tukuna Umariaçu Tumiã Tupã-Supé Uati-Paraná Uneiuxi Vale do Javari Vista Alegre Vui-Uata-In Waimiri Atroari (AM/RR) Yanomami (RR/AM) Zuruahã MARANHÃO Alto Turiaçu Araribóia Awá Bacurizinho Bacurizinho (ampliação) Cana Brava Caru Geralda/Toco Preto Governador Kanela Kanela/Memortumré Krenyê Krikati Lagoa Comprida Morro Branco Porquinhos Porquinhos dos Canela-Apãnjekra (ampliação) Rio Pindaré Rodeador Urucu-Juruá Vila Real MATO GROSSO Apiaká do Pontal e Isolados Apiaká-Kayabi Arara do Rio Branco Areões Aripuanã Aripuanã, PI (MT/RO) Baía dos Guató Bakairi Batelão Batovi Cacique Fontoura (MT/TO) Capoto/Jarina Chão Preto Chiquitano Enawenê Nawê Erikpatsa Escondido Estação Parecis Estivadinho Figueiras Ikpeng Irantxe Japuíra Jarudore Juininha Kapotnhinore Karajá de Aruanã II Kawahiva do Rio Pardo Kayabi (PA/MT) Krenrehé Lago Grande Lago Grande (Karajá) Lagoa dos Brincos Manoki Marãiwatsédé Marechal Rondon Menkragnoti (PA/MT) Menku Menkü (ampliação) Merure Nambiquara Panará (PA/MT) Parabubure Pareci Paukalirajausu Pequizal Pequizal do Naruvôtu Perigara
cont./Indigenous Lands in Legal Amazonia
Area in the federal state (ha) 2.756 743 8.611 5.036 15.600 2.450 677.840 122.555 1.539 * 236 468.996 215.362 * 135 182.134 647.386 * * * 1.820 390.233 5.251 24.831 38.351 596.433 99.092 735.542 80.036 24.866 4.080 6.321 * 13.209 8.199 3.586 12.023 9.478 44.267 157.416 94.405 53.038 1.196 21.760 115.492 1.776.140 316.194 585 1.628 13.199 * 13.286 313 228.679 20.003 228.777 * 797 * 927 5.915 240.545 7.866 615 42.828 22.970 118.766 15.792 7.572 189.870 29.564 346.910 4.329 4.587 4.769 5.572 251 106.960 1.185.790 9.482 19.481 411.865 27.354 * 5.969 134.781 3.331 * 69.270 726 27.644 61.058 1.264 251.349 144.971 49.340 8.780 36.125 907 87.413 474.741 497.521 1.065 40.948 2.839 54.961 1.624 1.280.595 4.854 124.357 8.589 127.199 554.332 8.544.480 13.206 121.198 1.935.263 3.809.397 239.070 530.525 413.288 116.582 82.432 51.608 137.329 172.667 18.506 41.644 125.212 100.221 * 144.775 13.198 49 79.520 221.480 15.002 2.319 12.697 * 982.324 109.245 114.842 218.515 750.649 938.142 19.164 61.405 117.050 5.159 32.087 634.915 12.740 * 742.088 79.935 168.938 2.170 2.032 9.858 * 45.555 152.509 4.706 70.537 * 893 411.848 480.116 6.400 * * 1.845 252.000 165.241 98.500 148.774 47.094 99.304 82.301 1.011.960 119.142 224.447 563.586 8.400 9.886 27.980 10.740
Indigenous population / Year of information 83 2010 22 2010 115 2010 65 2002 382 2011 527 2010
Accumulated deforestation 2013 (ha) 526,09 95,96 236,84 0,33 632,43 878,40 468,74 128,32 296,73 19,58 38,66 589,30 137,81
Accumulated deforestation 2013 (%) (20,61%) (12,64%) (2,87%) (0,01%) (4,12%) (85,23%) (0,07%) (0,10%) (25,81%) (7,64%) (24,05%) (0,13%) (0,07%)
40 52 34 457 107 62
1999 2011 2010 2010 1993 2010
25 517
2000 2006
s.i. 1.991,93 5.686,23
s.i. (1,11%) (1,00%)
66 530 65 315
2010 2010 1996 2008
496 323 2.300 802 420 120 28 25 50 74 75 145 667 721 36 185 181 543 274 207 2.480 1.083 68 315 126 45 1.078 110 2.218 275 206
1984 2006 2004 2011 1994 1994 1996 2010 2011 2008 2010 1996 2011 2011 2011 1993 2011 2011 2011 1995 2007 2007 2011 2010 2011 2010 2008 2010 2002 2011 2010
0,72 3.009,54 167,08 8.955,39 45,72 2.519,39 112 4.039 701,03 437,41 603,45 8,61
(0,05%) (0,77%) (3,27%) (75,65%) (0,12%) (0,42%) (0,11%) (0,55%) (0,89%) (4,01%) (14,62%) (0,14%)
103,95 102,06 657,99 969,92 695,70 1.504,07 120,59 86,85 8,58 1.010,71 463,86 733,97 8.928,78 2.703,43 401,92 850,65 1.849,46 4,75 2.383,79 s.i. 1.599 403,20 817,67
(0,81%) (1,29%) (20,76%) (8,71%) (7,29%) (3,60%) (0,08%) (0,09%) (0,02%) (99,49%) (2,21%) (0,64%) (0,50%) (0,86%) (68,61%) (79,64%) (13,86%) (10,36%) (41,90%) s.i. (0,70%) (1,99%) (0,39%)
22 825 67 103 347 34 47 96 63 1.076 159 235 365 458 477 115 31 420 156 139 206 701 204 52 338 378 180 339 604 130 203 1.062 47 121 494 524 66 160 129 127 197 16 100 393 535 1.961 4.510 410 211 251 416 7.219 85 735 772 167 3.759 160 1.898 1.662 20.875 134 1.352 5.317 42 3.663
2003 2010 1999 2010 2013 2011 1998 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2002 1996 2010 2008 2011 2011 2011 1994 2007 2011 2010 1998 2007 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 1999 2006 2011 2011 2010 2003 2010 2008 2011 2010 2010 2002 2010 2011 2011 2011 2010 2010 2010 2011 2006 2011 2011 2007 2009 2008 2011 2013 2013 2006 2010 2010 2010 2003
114,84
(14,30%)
291,55 1.208,34 590,17 s.i. 188,51 196,22 116,72 1.040,16 113,28 79,11 1.682,13 1.055,76 1.026,63 686,17 14,31 8,72 4,59 225,36 534,85 2.780,59 243,76 93,21 1.031,97 3.994,32
(31,32%) (21,68%) (0,24%) s.i. (30,08%) (0,56%) (0,81%) (0,89%) (2,04%) (1,53%) (0,90%) (3,69%) (0,33%) (18,55%) (0,30%) (0,23%) (0,09%) (100%) (0,50%) (0,24%) (2,62%) (0,49%) (0,26%) (16,04%)
335,56 500,36 141,54
(5,91%) (0,39%) (4,42%)
4.510 136 969 655 2.103 1.961
2010 2003 2010 2003 2011 2004
1.120,46 120,50 66,99 564,67 24,79 316,93 207,34 453,95 2.789,09 548,01 174,97 986,69 1.973,40 2.240,60 975,47 1.795,45 371,20 94,20 259,13 158 1.429,15 573,58 35,44 1.143,70 270,00 23.750,89 1.502,04 1.961,68 2.023 6.272 1.176,12 40.796,12 23.955,68 40.842,26 5.014,35 5.903,05 19.405,83 17.317,72 4.545,69 5.313,47 1.271,92 783,85
(1,53%) (20,53%) (0,24%) (0,96%) (2,17%) (0,13%) (0,14%) (0,93%) (32,97%) (1,53%) (19,40%) (1,51%) (0,44%) (0,73%) (92,35%) (4,44%) (12,07%) (0,18%) (15,03%) (0,01%) (29,58%) (0,46%) (0,41%) (0,93%) (0,05%) (0,28%) (12,38%) (1,61%) (0,11%) (0,17%) (0,49%) (7,67%) (6,06%) (35,25%) (8,07%) (32,84%) (16,29%) (9,96%) (24,53%) (18,39%) (15,49%) (19,76%)
1.027 470 110 677 569 1.448 126 416
2010 2003 2000 2011 2001 2010 2010 2003
27.165,17 3.353,40 49,22 721,69 2.729,54 9.165,78 397,59 2.710,30
(79,47%) (24,74%) (100%) (2,41%) (16,36%) (88,29%) (29,53%) (21,76%)
144 446 150 1.342 330 360 83 606 150 17 489 1.388 56
2010 2003 2008 2010 2005 1989 2006 2006 2001 2011 2001 2010 2002
5.021,61 3.833,07 978,62 3.458,40 2.877,21 546 27,80 s.i. 8.842,96 145,14 s.i. 5.392,42 s.i.
(0,55%) (3,91%) (0,85%) (4,22%) (0,39%) (0,06%) (0,42%) s.i. (10,85%) (3,60%) s.i. (1,07%) s.i.
347 676 45 26 33 23
2006 2001 2002 2007 2006 2006
1.984,88 1.161,62 383,16 18,08 s.i. s.i.
(0,54%) (1,44%) (0,23%) (2,22%) s.i. s.i.
333 215
2006 2001
74
2006
634,26 4.196,69 2.116,19 s.i.
(2,76%) (2,76%) (99,81%) s.i.
387
2000
51,34 4.319,13 26.620
(6,53%) (1,06%) (6,12%)
33 65 250 960 551 984 103
2011 2002 2000 2010 2010 2010 2006
524 306 502 3.819 838 121 45 69 96
2004 2001 2012 2010 2006 2007 2002 2003 1999
s.i. 37.282,31 105.229,71 s.i. 20 788,45 40.969,04 s.i. 2.974,99 4.830 s.i. 310,30 287,35 1.099,37 5.189,43 379,28
s.i. (18,65%) (72,79%) s.i. (0,01%) (1,75%) (33,82%) s.i. (0,86%) (5,32%) s.i. (2,12%) (48,94%) (11,65%) (21,07%) (7,74%)
Area in the federal state (ha) 328.966 28.212 242.500 17.000 43.057 * 19.749 85.807 100.280 35.471 5.705 188.478 67.420 147.836 148.653 9.785 5.372 66.166 30.479 34.149 130.575 52.234 21.680 28.120 167.533 412.304 242.593 150.328 145.881 2.642.004 355.789 279.897 7.883 473.526 * 773.470 274.010 25.500 940.901 221.981 2.374 1.540.930 * 13.515 734.027 * * 137.765 * * 1.485 330.838 * 580.637 3.284.005 387.834 166.784 21.344 62.488 720 159 42.373 4.798.353 2.381.800 25.323 824.891 424 * 379.472 4.348 15.733 351.697 28 30 1.195.790 125.552 18.610 * * * 26.258 1.075 1.650.939 21.722 2.150.479 3.019.032 587 147 11.764 439.151 178.724 668.565 666.423 5 107.321 185.534 47.863 152.930 89.682 48.670 16.799 421.895 * 279.906 * 236.137 * 115.788 107.553 131.006 104.064 26.177 144.938 18.120 100.110 8.070 116.613 1.867.120 1.769 30.473 7.627 3.173 50.018 12.883 859 16.354 4.304 11.182 14.210 193.493 28.631 4.063 43.337 14.212 5.555 13.573 43.404 4.607 15.597 4.276 1.747.464 29.698 654.110 11.626 5.983 13.014 560.192 5.653 666.993 405.698 5.739.524 141.904 1.358.500 343 * 15.703 377.114 7.722 302.533 195 29.000 177.466 * 3.326 167.542
Indigenous Land Pimentel Barbosa Pirineus de Souza Piripkura Ponte de Pedra Portal do Encantado Rio Arraias Rio Formoso Roosevelt (RO/MT) Sangradouro/Volta Grande Santana São Domingos São Marcos (Xavante) Sararé Serra Morena Sete de Setembro (MT/RO) Tadarimana Taihantesu Tapirapé/Karajá Terena Gleba Iriri Teresa Cristina Tirecatinga Ubawawe Uirapuru Umutina Urubu Branco Utiariti Vale do Guaporé Wawi Wedezé Xingu Zoró PARÁ Alto Rio Guamá Anambé Andirá-Marau (PA/AM) Aningalzinho Apyterewa Arara Arara da Volta Grande do Xingu Araweté/Igarapé Ipixuna Badjônkôre Barreirinha Baú Borari/Alter do Chão Bragança/Marituba Cachoeira Seca do Iriri Cobra Grande Escrivão Ituna/Itatá Jeju e Areal Kapotnhinore Karajá Santana do Araguaia Kararaô Kaxuyana e Tunayana Kayabi (PA/MT) Kayapó Koatinemo Kuruáya Las Casas Mãe Maria Marakaxi Maranduba (TO/PA) Maró Menkragnoti (PA/MT) Mundurucu Munduruku-Taquara Nhamundá-Mapuera (PA/AM) Nova Jacundá Pacajá Panará (PA/MT) Paquiçamba Paquiçamba (ampliação) Parakanã Praia do Índio Praia do Mangue Rio Paru d’Este Sai Cinza Sarauá Sawré Apompu (KM 43) Sawré Juyubu (São Luiz do Tapajós) Sawré Muybu (Pimental) Sororó Tembé Trincheira/Bacajá Trocará Trombetas/Mapuera (PA/AM/RR) Tumucumaque, PI (PA/AP) Turé Mariquita II Turé-Mariquita Tuwa Apekuokawera Xikrin do Cateté Xipaya Zo´é RONDÔNIA Aripuanã, PI (MT/RO) Cassupá Igarapé Lage Igarapé Lourdes Igarapé Ribeirão Karipuna Karitiana Kaxarari (AM/RO) Kwazá do Rio São Pedro Massaco Migueleno Pacaás-Novas Puroborá Rio Branco Rio Cautário Rio Guaporé Rio Mequéns Rio Negro Ocaia (ampliação) Rio Negro/Ocaia Rio Omerê Roosevelt (RO/MT) Sagarana Sete de Setembro (MT/RO) Tanaru Tubarão/Latundê Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau RORAIMA Ananás Anaro Aningal Anta Araçá Barata/Livramento Bom Jesus Boqueirão Cajueiro Canauanim Jaboti Jacamim Malacacheta Mangueira Manoá/Pium Moskow Muriru Ouro Pirititi Pium Ponta da Serra Raimundão Raposa Serra do Sol Santa Inês São Marcos Serra da Moça Sucuba Tabalascada Trombetas/Mapuera (PA/AM/RR) Truaru Waimiri Atroari (AM/RR) WaiWái Yanomami (RR/AM) TOCANTINS Apinayé Araguaia Cacique Fontoura (MT/TO) Canoanã Funil Inãwébohona Krahô-Kanela Kraolândia Maranduba (TO/PA) Taego Ãwa Utaria Wyhyna/Iròdu Iràna Wahuri Xambioá Xerente
Indigenous population / Year of information 1.759 2010 216 2001
Accumulated deforestation 2013 (ha) 1.678,37 1.216,67 9.553,23 4,46 3.935,55
Accumulated deforestation 2013 (%) (3,56%) (6,90%) (3,93%) (0,13%) (24,08%)
12 209
2006 2002
146 502 858 197 164 2.848 94 110 950 452 77 512 680 506 117 349 18 367 583 249 452 409 100 5.982 625 1.425 117 7.376
2006 2001 2004 2013 2011 2010 2001 2001 2005 2013 2001 2011 2010 2013 2003 2002 2008 2004 2013 2006 2001 2012 2011 2012 2010 2006 2013 2002
413,78 684 6,83 288,97 s.i. s.i. 4.649,43 869,80 1.788 522,32 371,77 1.753,55 821,34 182,65 115,41 17,39 s.i. 1.293,87 31.010,66 1.194,08 12.389,54 8.604,83 304,70 38.578,03 17.955,75 92.236,73 1.141,17 15.294
(11,73%) (0,80%) (0,10%) (7,57%) s.i. s.i. (8,17%) (0,59%) (1,22%) (5,62%) (13,97%) (4,27%) (3,15%) (2,51%) (0,35%) (1,57%) s.i. (5,92%) (25,81%) (1,34%) (6,05%) (6,53%) (1,89%) (1,82%) (5,05%) (32,11%) (13,08%) (3,24%)
452 292 111 397 230 86 188 508 231 87
2011 2013 2011 2011 2006 2010 2010 2010 2008 2012
69.836,60 3.104,16 1.646,22 4.452,52 6.468,48 333,93 899,98
(9,05%) (1,13%) (6,44%) (0,47%) (4,86%) (14,06%) (0,06%)
1.153,85 42.502,29
(8,65%) (5,76%)
227,57
(0,17%)
69 54 153 387 4.536 154 159 337 709 32 38 239 984 6.518 171 2.218 44
2011 2011 2010 2000 2010 2011 2011 2010 2013 2013 2011 2008 2010 2012 2008 2002 2010
62,04 86,89
(63,85%) (0,03%)
9.108 13.826,52 563,01 273,38 3.236,10 2.443,29 460,71 s.i. 1.280,71 3.628 11.403,94 875,81 10.896 161,70
(1,75%) (0,49%) (0,15%) (0,17%) (86,77%) (3,90%) (65,49%) s.i. (2,97%) (0,08%) (0,57%) (3,44%) (1,34%) (37,65%)
502 95 83 1.000 125 168 240 1.371 87
2012 2011 2008 2014 2010 2010 2011 2010 1998
2.763 29,56 2.513,08 2.945,22 31,66 31,98 1.159,41 2.137,43 5.027,29
(0,75%) (0,73%) (22,68%) (0,84%) (100%) (100%) (0,10%) (1,90%) (26,64%)
359 60 746 542 416 1.700
2013 1998 2011 2013 2010 2011
40 404 1.167 84 256 360
1998 2011 2013 2011 2010 1989
783 854 289 14 320 323 25
2010 2008 2010 2004 2005 2006 2001
1.384,97 500,26 7.069,24 1.335,26 815 4.001 192,57 56,18 11.220,62 6.931,36 129,20 460,66 3.922 5,08 2.951,74 5.330,45 1.329,35 1.170,69 869,37 849 678,40 1.331,20
(5,28%) (46,66%) (0,43%) (6,18%) (0,04%) (0,17%) (31,82%) (38,43%) (95,48%) (1,58%) (0,07%) (0,07%) (0,63%) (100%) (2,80%) (2,78%) (2,77%) (0,75%) (1,00%) (1,75%) (7,75%) (0,52%)
1.126
2010
4.568,99
(2,00%)
679
2008
2.902,76
(1,23%)
589 89
2005 2001
670 8 502 318 950
2010 2013 2001 2010 2005
180 322 24 77 212 167 1.512 707 48 483 130 846 312 1.353 927 104 1.942 516 110 221
2005 2012 2010 2010 2010 2012 2010 2010 2010 2012 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010
378 235 342 21.362 181 4.781 490 294 527 416 360 1.662 290 20.875 1.750 3.502 489
2012 2010 2012 2012 2010 2010 2010 2012 2010 2010 2010 2013 2010 2013 2009 2010 2001
2.255,13 3.867,79 1.300,55 1.160,75 4.470,46 3.730 1.233,76 3.304 731,56 1.841,94 16.666,00 s.i. s.i. 119,55 186,98 925,71 366,14 s.i. 673,82 16,91 3.608,17 32,79 294,66 2.896,38 475,58 3.218,55 2.730,75 693,44 s.i. 241,71 120,94 s.i. 1.050,74 7.328,26 296,09 5.113,52 104,70 67,92 2.386,93 1.542 301,35 990 3.499,96 18.037 15.625,60 5.681,89 s.i.
(2,29%) (3,84%) (1,03%) (1,10%) (17,01%) (2,68%) (14,43%) (3,37%) (9,03%) (1,91%) (1,22%) s.i. s.i. (4,84%) (31,38%) (10,68%) (12,93%) s.i. (10,05%) (2,94%) (39,64%) (4,95%) (0,30%) (12,19%) (15,33%) (13,16%) (27,91%) (25,04%) s.i. (0,56%) (15,80%) s.i. (36,31%) (2,42%) (1,37%) (4,22%) (14,32%) (10,68%) (41,24%) (0,28%) (17,29%) (0,16%) (0,86%) (0,32%) (43,36%) (5,01%) s.i.
348 186 78 2.989 38 25 116
2011 2011 2011 2010 2011 2012 2011
s.i. 2.904,68 553,56 s.i. 10,13 1.159,85 240,03
s.i. (2,32%) (20,85%) s.i. (6,71%) (25,53%) (0,57%)
297 2.693
2011 2011
604,05 s.i.
(18,40%) s.i.
* In the process of being identified.
Citation: Brazilian Amazon 2014, Instituto Socioambiental, 2014
Protected Areas Monitoring Program / Instituto Socioambiental
Coordination: Fany Ricardo
BRAZILIAN AMAZON 2014
Geoprocessing: Alicia Rolla, Cícero Cardoso Augusto and Rosimeire Rurico Sacó
Texts: Fany Ricardo and Silvia de Melo Futada
Layout: Vera Feitosa / Duo Editoração
Printing: Elyon Gráfica
1.500 copies
Brazil, October/2014