Aerna News Spring 2014 nº2

AERNA News Spring 2014 nยบ2

Facultad CC.EE. y empresariales UCM. Pab Prefabricado Dpcho 103 C 28223. Pozuelo de Alarc贸n Madrid.

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Institutional highlights

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Editor Letter

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AERNA 2014 Conference

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Research highlights

2.1 Tourism and the Environment by Pedro Pintassilgo and Jaume Rossell贸-Nadal

3 Policy Recommendations 3.1 A new Common Fisheries Policy by Arantza Murillas and Ra煤l Prellezo

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Announcements

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Institutional Members

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1 Institutional highlights 1.1

Editor Letter

Dear AERNA members, Here we have the second issue of the AERNA Newsletter corresponding to Summer 2014.

This issue keeps the same structure than the inaugural one. After this institutional letter, you will find some important information about the VI AERNA Conference to be held in Girona from September 2nd to September 6th, 2014.

Next, in the Research Highlights section, you will find a note on Tourism and the Environment

by Pedro Pintassilgo and Jaume Rosselló-Nadal. Pedro and Jaume highlight the inextricably relationship between tourism and environment, stressing the negative environmental externalities generated by tourism specially its contribution to climatic change.

Arantza Murillas and Raúl Prellezo from AZTI-Tecnalia, leads the Newsletter’s Policy Commentary section with a reference to the new European Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) that entered in force last January. They claim that this new CFP will play a crucial role incorporating fisheries management into the European Integrate Maritime Policy.

The Newsletter follows with the usual Announcements section where the next EAERE Conference taking place in Helsinki in June 2015 appears among several other events and job opportunities. The Institutional Members section closes the Newsletter.

María-José Gutiérrez AERNA Newsletter Editor

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AERNA 2014 Conference

The VI Congress of the Spanish-Portuguese Association of Resource and Environmental Economics (AERNA) that will take place in Girona from September 4th to September 6th, 2014.

The conference program is already available and it covers most of the areas of environmental and resource economics prevailing in the general debate. The congress will be held at the Faculty of Economics of the University of Girona, located in Montilivi. It is a city district situated just few minutes from the city center, conveniently connected by bus the lines L8 and L11.

Webpage: http://www.udg.edu/jornades/VICongresoAerna/Inici/tabid/20617/ language/en-US/Default.aspx Plenary Speakers: Ujjayant Chakravorty is Professor of Economics at Tufts University and co-editor of the Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. He has worked in the economics of fossil fuels and clean energy, the effect of environmental regulation on energy prices and the economics of water resources. His current work focuses on estimating the economic benefits of stable access to the electricity grid in rural India, the study of groundwater markets in India and China, and the effect of a mandate of biofuels to produce gasoline on global food prices and poverty.

Nick Hanley is Professor of Environmental Economics at the University of Stirling. His areas of research are the cost-benefit analysis of the environment, the economy of the conservation of biodiversity, pollution control of non-point sources, sustainable development and climate change. Professor Hanley has broad and extensive experience in environmental valuation methods applied to the conservation of biodiversity in Europe and Africa, and extensive experience working in a multidisciplinary environment.

We hope that the conference program and the location will make the VI AERNA Congress an event that no one wants to miss out on. We are looking forward to meeting you in Girona, Renan Goetz President of the Local Organizing Committee María José Gutiérrez Àngels Xabadia Presidents of the Scientific Committee

VI AERNA CONFERENCE Girona, September 04-06, 2014

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2 Research highlights 2.1

Tourism and the Environment by Pedro Pintassilgo and Jaume Rossell贸-Nadal

Pedro Pintassilgo (University of Algarve, Portugal)

Jaume Rossell贸-Nadal (University of the Balearic Islands, Spain)

Tourism is a very important economic activity for both Portugal and Spain. In 2008, the Total Tourism Consumption in the Economic Territory, by residents and non-residents, was around 15 776 million euro in Portugal (Statistics Portugal, 2014) and 120 889 million euro in Spain (National Statistics Institute, 2014), representing 9.2% and 11.1% of the GDP respectively. Another major indicator of the magnitude of this activity is the overnight stays in hotels and similar accommodation establishments. According to Eurostat (2014), in 2012 Portugal registered a total of 39.7 million overnight stays, 69% of which by non-residents, whereas Spain registered 153.9 million overnight, 55% of which by non-residents.

It is acknowledged that the industry can lead to favorable performance of macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, employment and foreign currency reserves. However, tourism is also recognized as an important source of externalities and overexploitation of environmental resources that can finally damage the tourist competitiveness of a destination. In this article the authors highlight some of their researches on Tourism and the Environment, on the following domains: interaction between tourism and the environment; environmental externalities caused by tourism; climate change and tourism. Finally, some avenues for further research are pointed out.

Interaction between Tourism and the Environment The interaction between tourism and the environment is characterised by dependency and impact. On the one hand, as tourism offers natural attractions (e.g., beaches, mountains, lakes and forests) as a significant part of its product, its long-term performance is highly dependent on the conservation of natural amenities. On the other hand, tourism generates environmental impacts associated with its infrastructures, people and vehicles traffic and over-utilisation of natural resources.

The dynamic interaction between tourism and the environment is an important research field. Earlier researches made it clear that tourism development can lead to the destruction of the tourism activity itself by undermining the natural environment which supports it.

However, as it can be seen in some destinations worldwide, tourism can also take forms that

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help to preserve the environment (e.g. nature tourism, educational tourism and eco-tourism).

Pintassilgo and Silva (2007) explored the dynamic interaction between tourism and the environment by modelling the interaction between the tourism accommodation industry and environmental quality. Results from the study show that open-access generally leads to both economic and environmental over-exploitation, that is, “the tragedy of the commons”. This ultimately leads to mass tourism characterised by tourists with low willingness to pay. This problem has been experienced by many tourism destinations worldwide. In the Southern coastlines of Portugal and Spain, in particular, many destinations developed during the 1960s and 1970s without the support of proper planning and control.

Environmental Externalities from Tourism The economic value of the environmental impacts caused by tourism is often difficult to quantify. In this context, Bakhat, Rosselló and Sáenz-de-Miera (2010) proposed a daily population pressure indicator for evaluating impacts of mass tourism. Using this indicator the responsibility of tourism in different externalities have been evaluated during the last years for the case of Mallorca including road accidents, traffic congestion, electricity consumption, and air pollution (e.g. Sáenz-de-Miera and Rosselló, 2014). Results have shown that, in general, the responsibility of an additional tourist in the generation of different externalities is lower than that of a resident.

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Tourism literature contains numerous references on environmental and tourism management policies, with the establishment of taxes as the most popular one.

However, one of the main problems in implementing a tourist tax is its acceptability.

Valle, Pintassilgo, Matias and André (2012) studies tourist attitudes towards an accommodation tax earmarked for environmental protection in the Algarve, the most important Portuguese tourism destination. A Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detecting Algorithm (CHAID) is used to segment tourists according to their willingness to pay. This method allowed us to divide respondents into segments. The dominant one, labelled “typical sun and beach tourists”, showed a low willingness to pay the accommodation tax, whereas environmental friendly segments revealed receptivity to this measure.

Climatic Change and Tourism The use of energy is the key element of concern regarding the contribution of tourism to climate change. In this context, Gösling (2002) estimates that tourism contributes about 5.3% of the greenhouse gas emissions at world level.

Rosselló (2014) shows that the impacts of climate change on tourism can be evaluated using different perspectives, such as: measuring the changes in physical conditions essential to tourism; constructing climate indexes to measure the attractiveness of tourist destinations; and, modelling tourism demand with the inclusion of climate determinants. One of the common results of the different methodologies is that climate change is a negative outcome for warm destinations. The search for a more comfortable climate determines global tourism flows and, as such, climate change will imply a loss of attractiveness for traditional winter resorts and traditional warmer destinations worldwide. Conversely, it seems that climate change will increase domestic trips, especially in colder countries, and it could exert a positive influence on seasonality by increasing the attraction of certain destinations during winter months.

Another common finding is the non-linear relationship that apparently exists between tourism and climate. More precisely, an inverted u-shape has been found in the relationship between temperature and tourism demand using different methodological perspectives, thus revealing the existence of optimal climatic conditions for tourism.

Avenues for Research The dynamic interaction between tourism and the environment has many dimensions to be explored. In particular, understanding the outcomes of different forms of tourism development is of crucial importance for the sustainability and competitiveness of tourism destinations, especially in a context where tourists increasingly demand environmentally friendly products and services. Destinations, should thus evaluate the consequences of environmental protection measures (including environmental taxes) in order to avoid the overexploitation of natural resources.

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Another main strand is the relationship between climate change and the tourism industry.

More rigorous and complete measurements of the contribution of tourism to greenhouse gas emissions should be undertaken. Moreover, the overall consequences of climate change on tourism should be assessed taking also into account other aspects than temperature increase and correction policies implemented by governments.

References Bakhat, M., J. Rosselló and O. Sáenz-de-Miera (2010) Developing a daily indicator for evaluating the impacts of tourism in isolated region. European Journal of Tourism Research, Vol 3, pp. 114-118.

Eurostat (2014). Nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments. Available at: <http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do> (Accessed: 23 June, 2014).

Gössling, S., C. Borgström Hansson, O. Hörstmeier, and S. Saggel (2002). Ecological footprint analysis as a tool to assess tourism sustainability. Ecological Economics, Vol 43, No 2–3, pp. 199-211.

National Statistics Institute (2014). Consumo turístico interior (precios corrientes) por productos y componentes. Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Available at: <http://www. ine.es/jaxi/tabla.do> (Accessed: 23 June, 2014).

Pintassilgo, P., and J. A. Silva. (2007). “Tragedy of the Commons” in the tourism accommodation industry. Tourism Economics, Vol. 13, No 2, pp. 209-224.

Rosselló, J. (2014) How to evaluate climate change effects on tourism. Tourism Management, Vol 40, pp. 273-281.

Saenz-de-Miera, O and J. Rosselló (2014) Modeling tourism impact on air pollution: The case study of PM10 in Mallorca. Tourism Management, Vol 40, pp. 273-281.

Statistics Portugal (2014). Tourism consumption on the economic territory by type of tourism and product - 2008P. Instituto Nacional de Estatística. Available at: <http://www. ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ine_cnacionais> (Accessed: 23 June, 2014).

Valle, P., P. Pintassilgo, A. Matias and F. André (2012). Tourist attitudes towards an accommodation tax earmarked for environmental protection: A survey in the Algarve.

Tourism Management, Vol. 33, No 6, pp. 1408-16.

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3 Policy Commentary 3.1

A new Common Fisheries Policy by Arantza Murillas and Raúl Prellezo Arantza Murillas and Raúl Prellezo (AZTI-Tecnalia)

A common fisheries policy started to take form in the early seventies of the last century when governments around the world started to extend their sobering to the first 200 nautical miles. The importance of the fishing industry changed quite a lot in 1973 when UK, Ireland and Denmark entered the European Union (EU), and it was decided that the free entry to the waters of other Members State was suspended leaving the first 6-12 miles to the local fishermen. But is not until 1983 where a proper EU Common Fishery Policy (CFP) was first incepted in and subsequently revised in 1993, 2003 and finally in 2013. In 1983, the CFP introduced legal enforcement of Total Allowable Catch, TAC -except in the Mediterranean Sea -, technical measures (gear and mesh size restrictions, closed areas and/or seasons), and fleet capacity reduction schemes. The 2002 review was followed by a new CFP were the key points can be summarised in a generalization of both recovery plans for threatened stocks and management plans for others, and the creation of Regional Advisory Councils (RACs) with the aim of increase the stakeholders’ participation in the management and decision making process.

A new CFP has been agreed by Council and Parliament to be effective from 1 January 2014 (Regulation (EU) No 1380/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council) after a long public debate launched by the European Commission since 2011. The Green paper on reform of the CFP and the followed citizen´s consultation reports outlined the main structural failing of the last CFP: (i) the EU fishing capacity is larger than the resources would justify; (ii) a lack of consensus about the prioritization of objectives; (iii) The short-term view and top-down management should be removed from the decision-taken processes; (iv) as a consequence of (iii), Producer Organisations and other fishermen´s organisations should be involved in the decision-process within some kind of co-management figure, and finally, (v) a low level or even lack of compliance with the regulation.

The CFP should ensure that fishing and aquaculture activities contribute to long-term environmental, economic, and social sustainability. It should include rules that aim to ensure the traceability, security and quality of products marketed in the Union. Furthermore, the CFP should contribute to increased productivity, to a fair standard of living for the fisheries sector including small-scale fisheries, and to stable markets, and it should ensure the availability of food supplies and that they reach consumers at reasonable prices. The CFP should contribute to the Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, and should help to achieve the objectives set out therein.

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The new CFP has strengthened issues for the conservation of the marine resources and for the management of fisheries and fleets, trying to assure high long-term fishing yields for all its stocks by 2015 (at the latest by 2020). A broadly consensus was reached during the consultation process to introduce a legally binding target to achieve the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) for all harvested stocks by 2015. Achieving MSY by a later date can be allowed if achieving the target by 2015 would compromise the social and economic sustainability of the fishing fleets involved. However, the target must be achieved by 2020 in all circumstances. Discards of over-quota fish and/or undersized (to the minimum conservation size), will be phased out according to a specified timeline (progressively between 2015 and 2019). Fishermen have a legal obligation to land 95% of all edible fish.

The successful of the management of fisheries and fleets depends on the clear definition of responsibilities at Union, regional, national and local levels. The CFP plays an important role in promoting better governance through a number of international organizations and the compliance with international provisions. The CFP also promotes good governance principles though regionalization and stakeholder consultation.

In particular, the establishment of Advisory Councils (new name for RACs) has been promoted to balance the stakeholder´s participation in the decision making process.

The Management of fishing capacity is also promoted. Member States may establish a system of transferable fishing concessions with the objective of aligning the number of vessels with the available resources. Some member states have introduced Individual Quotas or Individual Transferable Quotas for some of their fisheries, such as for instance, the Netherlands, Denmark, Estonia and Lithuania, the UK, and Germany.

In Spain, individual catch limits are proposed by the Producer Organizations for each fishing technology and made official by the government. However, these rights cannot be freely transferable amongst vessels which limit the economic performance of the activity.

The CFP has been accompanied by the Common Organization of the Markets since 1970 with the main aim of stabilizing the markets. Two of the main issues covered by this are the Information to the consumers and the market intelligence, with special attention to the creation of the European Market Observatory for Fishery and Aquaculture Products.

The reform of the CFP also covered its financial aspects. A new European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) has been also approved (Regulation (EU) No 508/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014) with the scope of providing support to the CFP, among other objectives, for the sustainable development of fisheries and aquaculture sectors, and the development of fisheries and aquacultures areas, as well as for the processing and marketing of fishery and aquaculture products. The EMFF has withdrawn all financial support to fishing capacity increases which implies, among others, the construction of new fishing vessels and the imports of fishing vessels.

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Finally, there are ongoing developments in the CFP to play an important role of supporting the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Its effectiveness to achieve the required Good Environmental State (GEnS) directly depends on the successful implementation of the CFP among other existing and proposed EU legislations. In particular, it is important to highlight how the new CFP support the achievement of the GEnS by means of promoting the adoption of and ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. The CFP aims incorporating fisheries management into the integrated maritime strategy under the MSFD and the Integrated Maritime Policy, which deal with the impact of human activities including all maritime activities: fisheries, maritime transport, coastal tourism, aquaculture, minerals exploitation, and energy production, among others.

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4 Announcements JOB OPPORTUNITIES Research assistant and research fellow positions at the Climate Policy Research Unit (CPRU) of European University Institute (EUI), Florence. Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies. Director of project: Prof. Xavier Labandeira.

The Research Fellow/Assistant will carry out empirical research related to the effects of climate policies and will also collaborate with the ongoing research programme of the CPRU. The Research Fellow/Assistant will also engage with the dissemination of the research results in this area. The Research Fellow/Assistant will be based in Florence. Applications (a motivation letter with curriculum vitae of max. 2 pages) quoting the reference number of the vacancy in the subject line, should be addressed to the Academic Service, at the following e-mail address: apply.resposts@eui.eu. For more information about the position please contact barbara.morganti@eui.eu. Deadline: 21 July 2014.

Research Assistant (Ref.: RSC 26 / 2014). Start date: 1 October 2014, full time, for three months. Salary: up to â&#x201A;Ź 3.000 net after tax/month, depending on qualifications and experience.

Research Fellow or Research Assistant (Ref.: RSC 27 / 2014). Start date: 1 October 2014, full time, for one year with the possibility of renewal up to 5 years. Basic salary: up to â&#x201A;Ź 3.200 Euro net after tax/month depending on qualifications and experience (plus family and other allowances where applicable).

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EVENTS Workshop on “Energy Assets, Investment under Uncertainty and Real Options” Madrid, October 30-31, 2014 Organizers: Fundación Repsol, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3).

The Low Carbon Programme is pleased to invite you to the workshop “Energy Assets, Investment under Uncertainty and Real Options” to be held on October 30-31 in Madrid.

The Low Carbon Programme, is a Joint Research Programme on Energy and Environment, sponsored by Fundación Repsol and launched by the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and the Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3). BC3 was recently awarded as winner of 2012 European ICCG Climate Think Tank Ranking by the ICCG The International Center for Climate Governance.

This workshop aims at making a contribution to the valuation of energy investments. To this end the workshop brings together a number of world renowned experts in futures markets, commodity prices, asset pricing models, and energy engineering.

Participation will be kept deliberately small with the aim of facilitating dialogue and interaction amongst workshop participants. It is mandatory to confirm your attendance.

Please confirm your attendance by phone or e-mail: 944399393 and info@lowcarbonprogramme.org For more information visit: http://www.lowcarbonprogramme.org

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International Conference on DROUGHT: Research and Scienceâ&#x20AC;?Policy Interfacing March, 10th - 13th, 2015 Valencia, Spain The International Conference on Drought Research and Science-Policy Interfacing is the final event of the EC-funded project DROUGHT-R&SPI. The event aims to discuss drought related research and the advances on response policies in order to foster the development of Drought Policies and Plans to reduce risk and vulnerability, and to enhance preparedness and resiliency.

This conference will serve as a forum for discussion among scientists working on drought, stakeholders, water managers, experts and representatives of authorities on experiences, about the needs and challenges for drought management. Particularly, the conference will address the topics of: Drought identification and characterization, drought indicators, monitoring and forecasting, and early warning systems, assessment of past and future drought impacts, drought risk and vulnerability perception and assessment, water management and governance under drought conditions, drought preparedness and mitigation strategies, development and implementation of Drought Policies and Plans from the local to the regional, national and international levels, research and Science Interfaces with Drought Policies.

For more information: http://www.icdrought2015.upv.es/index.html

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Workshop: “Spatial Issues in Artic Marine Resource Governance” September, 4th - 6th, 2014 Stockholm, Sweden Organization: Project: Marine Resource Governance in the Arctic, supported by Nordic Council of Ministers’ Arctic Co-operation PRogramme 2012-14 Confirmed Keynote speakers: James Sanchirico, University of California, Davis; Henrik Österblom, Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University Background: The ecosystem changes underway in the Arctic region are expected to have significant impacts on living resources in both the short and long run, and current actions and policies adopted by the Nordic states over such resource governance will have serious and ultimately irreversible consequences in the near and long terms. In particular, a spatial focus on state-of-the-art modeling and applications to marine resource governance is required for many resources and threats, including commercial and subsistence fisheries, humanmarine mammal interactions and invasive species. For the Arctic, bio-economic models based on large, spatially homogeneous fish stocks may be supplemented or replaced as needed by metapopulation models that incorporate a rich array of linkages defined over multiple spatial and temporal scales.

Content: We intend to host up to 30 participants, with approximately 14 ½ hour presentations in addition to the keynotes. We bring together experts on spatial marine resource management and the Arctic with the purpose of preparing case-studies from the Nordic countries and to discuss continuing applicable research. We anticipate participation from academics, resource managers, Nordic and other Arctic policy makers and stakeholders to achieve maximum effectiveness and impact.

Participation: There is no workshop fee. Acceptance is limited and will occur on a rolling basis. For consideration as a presenter, please submit a short abstract and title pertinent to the theme. For consideration as an attendee, please send a short (2 page max) CV outlining your relevant experience and interest in the topic. Presenters and attendees should expect to contribute to workshop outputs, some of which may include publications and receive stipends (details to follow). Deadline for enrolment is August 11, 2014.

Please send your application by e-mail to fame@sdu.dk News and questions: Updated information about the workshop can be found at the Arctic website www.sdu.dk/arctic under Workshops and conferences. Questions? Do not hesitate to contact Irene Nygaard at fame@sdu.dk Contact: Department of Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark. Niels Bohrs Vej 9 – DK-6700 Esbjerg, Denmark.

Tel. +45 6550 1000 – Fax +45 6550 1091 E-mail fame@sdu.dk Website: www.sdu.dk/arctic

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Summer School: Arctic climate change and resilience September, 22th - 26th, 2014 Stockholm, Sweden Organization: Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics and Stockholm Resilience Centre.

We cordially invite applications for the ACCESS and ARR summer school organized jointly by the Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics (ACCESS partner) and the Stockholm Resilience Centre (ARR partner) and hosted at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

The summer school is open for about 20 participants from natural and social sciences including economics, and is intended for graduate level and above. Its aim is to provide the students with an opportunity to learn about different aspects of Arctic resilience with focus on Arctic climate change, as well as changes in the economic sectors of shipping, tourism, fisheries, oil and gas exploitation, and governance. Experts will give insights into recent developments and present their view on the opportunities and risks connected to the changes in the climate system and associated impacts in the economic sectors.

The course will consist of a series of lectures and group assignments focused on analyzing recent research developments regarding the direct and indirect impacts of climate change in the Arctic Ocean, and how to synthesize these results using different tools like marine spatial planning, resilience assessment, and integrated indicators. The students will have the opportunity to present their results to a group of experts and publish the results of their work in the ACCESS Newsletter.

There will be no fee for participation in the summer school. Costs for meals, accommodation and transport will have to be covered on the students. Additional information on the school as well as suggestions for accommodation and transport will be updated regularly and sent to the participants.

Please send your application to Daniel Ospina (course assistant, daniel.ospina@su.se), statingyour name, current studies program, and a brief statement of motivation for participating in this course. Deadline for application is August 15, 2014 however we may close this deadline earlier if enough candidates apply.

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EAERE 21st Annual Conference June, 24th - 27th, 2015 Helsinki, Finland The European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists invited to submit theoretical and applied papers in all areas of environmental and resource Economics for the 21st Annual EAERE Conference to be held in Helsinki, Finland on June 24-27, 2015.

Important dates: Deadline for submission of papers, January 15, 2015. Notification of acceptance of papers, April 15, 2015.

Plenary speakers: Julien Chevallier, University Paris 8; Steve Polaski, University of Minnesota; Thomas F. Rutherford, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Information: www.eaere2015.org

EAERE-FEEM-VIU European Summer School: “Environmental Regulation” June, 28th – July, 4th, 2015 Venice, Italy The theme of the School is the economic analysis of environmental regulation. No restriction is put on methods used – theoretical, econometric and experimental approaches will be covered. The School will be of interest to those working on topics including (but not limited to): economics of standards, pollution taxes, tradable permits, comparative performance of instruments, self-regulation. R&D and innovation, enforcement and compliance, assessing the impact of regulation on behavior, cost-benefit analysis of actual regulations, international coordination of regulation, formal analysis of regulatory institutions, political economy of environmental regulation.

Faculty and Lecture Topics: Antony Heyes (University of Ottawa), Behavioral Environmental Regulation, School Coordinator. Stefan Ambec (Toulouse School of Economics), Game Theory and Environmental Regulation. Timo Goeschl (Heidelberg University), Environmental Regulation: Experimental Methods. Matthew Neidell (Columbia University), Environmental Regulation: Empirical Methods. Robert Williams III (Universiy of Maryland), Market-Based Instruments.

Admissions and Scholarships: Application is restricted to 2015 EAERE members, both European and non European citizens. Given the highly interactive activities planned at the School, the number of participants is limited to 20. There is no participation fee. All applicants can apply for a scholarship.

Dadline for application: February 1st, 2015.

Information: www.feem.it/ess15

email: ess@feem.it

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5 Institutional Members

AZTI-Tecnalia Transforming science into business

BCE3 Basque Centre for Climate Change

Factor CO2

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The Technology Center of Marine and Food Research.

To imagine the future is a challenge that motivates and excites us everyday: To meet the demands of innovation and development in the marine and food industries. Together, we have no limits.

The BC3 is a Research Centre based in the Basque Country which aims to contribute to long term research on the causes and consequences of climate change in order to foster the creation of knowledge in this multidisciplinary science.

www.azti.es

www.bc3research.org

The BC3 seeks to prepare a highlyqualified team of researchers with the primary objective of achieving excellence in research, training and dissemination.

Factor CO2 is a global company that provides ideas and services to tackle climate change from innovative perspectives through our international network of offices. We have developed more than 900 projects for more than 380 clients in 30 different countries.

www.factorco2.com

Facultad CC.EE. y empresariales UCM. Pab Prefabricado Dpcho 103 C 28223. Pozuelo de Alarc贸n Madrid. Espa帽a