Girls’ Education South Sudan Programme: Teens ta Guwa, Issue 2 by Mott MacDonald International Development

Teens Ta Guwa Issue 2

Academic Year 2023 (not for sale)

FOLLOW YOUR DREAMS

BEAT PLASTIC POLLUTION

LET’S TALK

Content Editorial P. 3

Sport Has the Power to Inspire

They Greened-up the Economy

P. 32

P. 58

Careers in Sports Don’t Wait for the Scholarship

P. 66

P. 4

I am Darlia, a Young Girl from Juba

Did You Know That…

P. 72

P. 12

Follow Your Dreams P. 14

Malaria Bites! P. 18

She Inspires Us P. 22

Do It Yourself

World Environment Day

Environmental Value of African Art

P. 36

P. 74

Check B Magiic

Let’s Talk! Menstruation

P. 40

P. 82

Beat Plastic Pollution P. 44

Career Corner P. 48

P. 24

Our School Radio Programme P. 96

Ayako, the baker Never Too Late P. 30

P. 50

You made me do it! Peer influence P. 52

Editorial Dear Readers,

Welcome to the Teens ta Guwa, a magazine for

we also share with you tips about scholarships,

boys and girls in Upper Primary and Secondary

avoiding malaria and improving your school. We

Education. This magazine is designed as part

elaborate on topics such as menstruation and

of the Girls’ Education South Sudan (GESS)

becoming adults, and we share beautiful photos

Programme, which aims to improve educational

and art pieces with you.

opportunities for learners across South Sudan. The programme is possible thanks to funding from the UK, Canada, USA, Sweden and the EU. As part of the Programme, we wanted to create an informative and interesting magazine to inspire you to keep on learning and growing as a person. Teens ta Guwa means ‘Power Teens’ in Arabic, and highlights how action from young people can change things for the better. By helping to further empower you as teens, an environment can be created in which you are able to actively contribute to the betterment of your lives, and to South Sudan as a whole. This is the second issue of the magazine. In this issue you will read articles about, and interviews with, inspirational people. You will also learn more about career choices, the environment, sports, art and entrepreneurship. In this issue

We hope you find the magazine informative and fun. We hope that the articles will inspire you and motivate you to try your best, both at and outside of school. When you have read the magazine, share the magazine with your brothers, sisters and friends. If you would like to receive a further issue, please tell us what topics you would like to read about. If you would like to share your story in the magazine, please write it and pass it to the Mentoring Assistant or another GESS staff member, working in your area as part of ADRA, Africa Education Trust, CINA, HARD, MASS, Stromme Foundation or Windle Trust International. Enjoy reading the magazine! The Editorial Team

About the Editorial Team Project oversight:

Authors and Editors:

• Diana Nawatene

• Khadijah Fancy

Concept:

• Ggaba Joy

• Agnieszka Mikulska

• Emmanuel Deng

• Savia Juan Jackson • Check B Magiic • Ketty Makur • Kate Martin

• Ding Mayen • Agnieszka Mikulska • Mary Schoeman • Chelsea Stefanska • Courtlin Stoker • Jannis Stürtz/Habibi Funk • Laura Welch

Illustrations and design: • Lillian Kusiima

Consultations: • Esther Akumu • Christopher Awii • Malish David

• Drew Edwards • Manza Emmanuel • Akuja de Garang

• Andabati Omar • Anca Savu • John Shotton

Credits and Photographs:

All photographs of learners and community members are included in the Magazine with the consent of these individuals.

• Africa.com • Contemporary-african-art.com • Chris Elise • Bronwen Evans • International Basketball Federation (FIBA) • Ggaba Joy • Ketty Makur • Ding Mayen • Short Shorts Film Festival & Asia • VIPERS Sports Club, www.viperssc.co.ug • Days for Girls International • Others

Don’t Wait for the Scholarship. Apply for It!

Have you ever day dreamed about getting a scholarship to advance your knowledge and gain qualifications that would help you change your country for the better?

Well, scholarships don’t knock on learners’ doors. Learners must apply for them. Meet three young activists who not only earned their scholarships, but also are helping others to do the same.

Akuei Johnson Ateny, Piok Deng Mayiik and Emmanuel Malou Deng have quite a few things in common. They all are South Sudanese, they all studied in South Sudan, they all earned their international scholarships, and they came together to set up Young Leaders Academy of South Sudan (Y-LASS).

Who are Akuei, Piok and Emmanuel? Akuei is a first-year undergraduate student at Princeton University, studying Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. He is passionate about science, technology and social impact. Piok is a second-year undergraduate student at Dartmouth College, where he is studying Economics and Political Science. Piok is dedicated to providing opportunities for young people in South Sudan to pursue their dreams and achieve their goals. Emmanuel is a second-year undergraduate student at Columbia University, studying Economics. Emmanuel knows all the ins and outs of the U.S. College application process and he now shares this knowledge with young, ambitious South Sudanese.

The three of you set-up Young Leaders Academy of South Sudan. Can you tell us more about the organisation?

My colleagues and I are driven by the transformative power of education. We believe that education is crucial for addressing the challenges that our young country faces today, such as the shortage of healthcare professionals and issues related to leadership. Our motivation comes from the knowledge that even a small amount of support can make a difference.

? ? ? Why did you decide to set up this non-profit? We realized there are opportunities available for talented South Sudanese learners, but our students lack the necessary information and resources to apply and compete for scholarships with students from around the world. Having gone through the US application and admissions process, we realized that applying is relatively straightforward as long as you have the necessary documentation, and you work hard. This realization inspired us to establish the Young Leaders Academy of South Sudan to support a selected number of talented secondary school graduates in applying to US universities and colleges during the summer breaks. Since starting the programme in 2022, we have been able to help six students to apply to prestigious institutions like Duke, Harvard, and Yale amongst others. Six of the students received their admission letters this year and are about to start their university.

It is commendable that you are helping young South Sudanese to understand the application process and take them through it. Are there any costs involved? Yes, and that is why we have such a small uptake at the moment. The applicants need to go through standardised tests which cost money. Successful applicants will also need laptops. Currently, we rely on personal contributions to cover these costs, but in time we hope to attract donors or be able to crowdfund to cover these costs.

How did it all start? We all, the founders, completed our secondary schooling in South Sudan. We were blessed, after being amongst the top ten best students who had taken the South Sudan National Secondary Examinations, to be admitted into a gap year programme in Kigali, Rwanda. Through that gap year programme, we were prepared to apply to US schools and were fortunate to get accepted into the schools at which we currently study. For example, I completed my secondary education at Juba Academy, and I was placed 5th countrywide in the South Sudan Certificate in Secondary Education ranking of 2019. Piok completed his secondary education at Darling Wisdom Academy in Juba and he was placed 2nd in the ranking of 2019. We were amongst the top performing students.

What criteria do learners need to meet to become part of your support programme? We aim to support South Sudanese, so you must be a South Sudanese national, be a recent secondary school graduate, be in the top ten percent of classes throughout the secondary school, have all report cards for all terms and you must not be more than 21 years of age.

If one meets all these criteria, what happens next? You apply to our programme. Once selected, our finalists will embark on a rigorous journey to learn the writing, reading, and listening skills required for university-level education. Learners will start prepping for standardized tests such as Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT), Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or Duolingo English test. Our programme participants will also be required to take the Initialview Interview, which is a video interview that allows students to explain to the university admission committee their motivation for their application. Then in the autumn, the learners begin filling out necessary financial aid documents and they get to know the Common App, a platform that applicants use to apply to the US schools. Once this process is done, learners will now start working hand in hand with tutors to finalize test preparations and their personal statements and school supplemental essays.

How and when can learners apply to your programme? The application will typically open in April. Learners can visit our social pages, for example on Facebook and LinkedIn, where they will be able to find a link to the application. Our social pages can be found by typing: Young Leaders Academy of South Sudan. We are also working on setting up a website. When we are done finalizing it, students will be able to apply directly through our website.

How can learners who do not get onto your programme apply for scholarships? How can they apply to universities, and where can they find financial aid? That’s an excellent question! Even if you are not accepted into our programme, you can still get into a school abroad. I know that applying to universities can be a daunting process that requires an enormous amount of hard work and careful planning, but it is possible. First, it is good to know that there are governmental and independent universities

in the USA and Canada. The independent universities do not rely on government scholarships to admit international students, this is why it is important to identify these universities. These schools are typically private colleges and universities such as Williams College, Vassar, Dartmouth, Harvard, Columbia, amongst others. Applying to these universities gives you a bigger chance of being accepted for a scholarship. To increase your chances of being accepted into universities on a scholarship, research the specific university to which you want to apply to. You can visit: https://shorturl.at/vGKWY to find some of these universities and colleges. Searching for the right university requires a lot of work and research. There is no one that can do that work for you. You need to know what course you are applying for, and at which university. Each university is unique and choosing one where you will thrive is essential. To know whether the university is a good fit for you, it is good to learn more about the academic programmes which the school offers, more about the campus life, quality of education, sports programmes and other opportunities. Another essential factor to consider is whether the school is need-blind or need-

aware. Need-blind schools do not take the financial situation of the applicant into account when making admission decisions and may offer full financial support

to admitted students. Need-aware schools consider financial situations and may not admit qualified applicants if they lack the ability to fund their studies. To find out whether the school is need-blind or need-aware the applicants need to check the school’s financial aid policy on the school’s website. There are also several scholarship programmes that can fund your education. Applicants can look for those scholarships on https://shorturl.at/frFL2 However, a learner will typically need to apply to the scholarship program in addition to the college or university to which (s)he is applying.

The photo shows a group of secondary school learners focusing on text written in a notebook.

What documents do the applicants need to prepare, and what tests do they need to take before they are accepted to a university? The documents required for admission are secondary school transcripts from Senior 1 to 4, the South Sudan Certificate of Secondary Education, and a financial aid document called College Scholarship Service (CSS) Profile, which many schools require as part of the application for financial assistance. The CSS Profile is an online application used by colleges and scholarship programmes to award non-federal institutional aid. Applicants must also take an English Language proficiency test. They can choose either TOEFL or Duolingo Test to fulfill this requirement. There are no TOEFL IBT test centers in South Sudan, however there is an online center and a digital version of the test that the students can take. You will need

to score as high as 100/120 to maximize your chances of getting into the school. This test usually costs around $260. Duolingo test can be done online, and you will typically need to find out the minimum score requirement for the particular university to which you are applying. The test costs are normally around $49. There are books and materials which can help learners develop stronger competencies in English language. There are also free practice tests available online, and we encourage students to start engaging with these materials and practicing these tests early, even a year or two before sitting for the test. SAT is also a test that many universities require, although it has become optional for some. The SAT is a multiple-choice, pencil-and-paper test created and administered by the College Board. The purpose of the SAT is to measure a secondary school student’s readiness for university and provide universities

with one common data point that can be used to compare all applicants. University admissions officers will review standardized test scores alongside your secondary school scores, the classes you took in secondary school, letters of recommendation from teachers or mentors, extracurricular activities, admission interviews, and personal essays. The importance of SAT scores in the university application process varies from school to school. The SAT can be taken at the American Corner at the University of Juba and usually it costs around $160, but even if it is optional for some schools, I recommend that an applicant takes the test.

Last year you organised your support programme for the first time. Did you have any success yet? Yes! We have six successful learners who got their admission letters to U.S universities this year, one of which is a girl. Graduates of our Y-LASS got into the following prestigious institutions: 1) Yale University (Ghai Tit Buny) to study Economics and Political Science;

2) Harvard University (Santino Makuei); 3) Stanford University (Kuot Kiir Aluetmiir) to study economics; 4) Cornell University (Majok Thiong) to study Public Health and Pre-Med; 5) Duke University (Majok Anyieth) to study Pre-Med and Human Rights; 6) Babson College (Ding Mayen Kuai Mayen) to study Economics. Because learners who got into our programme in 2022 were from a small number of secondary schools in Juba, we urge all secondary schools across all South Sudan to provide good quality of education to their students, not only those studying in Juba. We encourage learners from all 10 States and 3 Administrative Areas to apply for the universities. We would like to see learners from all ethnic backgrounds and speakers of all languages used in South Sudan represented at international universities. We want all Counties, and all Payams to develop with the assistance of the graduates, so don’t waste your chance! Apply to our programme and apply to the schools directly. Our generation needs to advance our young nation and bring innovation that will contribute to our self-reliance and unity.

The photo shows a smiling school girl standing to the left of a blackboard in a temporary classroom.

Below is a poem by Ding Mayen Kuai Mayen, a graduate of Y-LASS who applied to universities in the USA in 2022 and recently received her admission letter for the Academic Year 2023/24.

Get That Book

Which will keep you busy when idle. Which will make you discover new life skills. Which will wake the sleeping giant within you. Which will make you follow the world's great men. Get That Book When comfort flees from you and misfortunes arise. When you feel left behind but you want to try again. When memories of your lost beloved ones come again. When you're being mistreated but nowhere to go. Get That Book That gives you possible solutions to challenges. That guides your relationship with people in society. That makes you a good parent to your future children. That revives your spirit after giving up in life. Get That Book To bring back the "I can do attitude," into you. To tell you how you can make it happen as you wish. To make you a human with reputation and dignity. To teach you humanitarian assistance to the needy. Ding Mayen Kuai Mayen through Uneasy Headed Board. Poem inspired by a book entitled "The Winning Character” by Frederick O. Juma.

The photo shows Ding Mayen Kuai Mayen sitting by a table and smiling. She is wearing an elegant yellow shirt.

Did You Know That... You can get an assistive device if you have difficulty walking or cannot walk at all If you have difficulty walking or cannot walk at all, you can get an assistive device that will help you move around more easily. You can get crutches or a wheelchair from organisations supporting people with mobility challenges. To receive the right support, you will need to contact a health centre and be assessed by a physiotherapist. You will be assessed and put on a waiting list for an assistive device or support, but you need to reach the health centre by your own means. In some instances, the health centre may refer you to an organisation that provides assistive devices. If you are referred to an organisation, this organisation will provide you with support for free.

The two photos above show school girls wearing casual clothes. The girls are using wheelchairs, supplied to them free of charge by organisations providing support to learners who have difficulties walking.

You can reach out for help if you are at risk of forced or early marriage If you are at risk for forced or early marriage, feeling distressed or are exposed to violence, you can call a free phone number 623 to talk to someone trusted who can help you find a safe way out of the situation that is distressing you.

You have the right to education even if you are pregnant or are living with a disability Government Circular 03/2021 clarifies to all Head Teachers and all schools in the country that all learners have the right to continue their studies and participate in exams, even if they become pregnant, are young mothers, or they have or develop a disability. If you think your right to education is denied, contact the GESS Mentoring Assistant or one of the following organisations: ADRA, Africa Education Trust, CINA, HARD, MASS, Stromme Foundation or Windle Trust International. The GESS Mentoring Assistant or representatives of these organisations will help you to take action to restore your right to education.

Chores should be distributed between boys and girls in the household If you are a member of a household where cooking and cleaning is done only by girls, there is a need for you to step in. Girls have as equal a right to education and leisure time as boys. By stepping with and helping with cooking, cleaning, washing, fetching water, farming and doing other chores, you will be supporting all members of the household to reduce the workload and stress, and create more time for learning skills that will be essential to improving the economic situation in the household which you are part of.

Breakfast is an important meal and can help power your brain for hard work at school

The photo above shows a smiling learner holding a healthy breakfast brought to school.

Eating a meal in the morning and during the school day can improve the cognitive functions of your brain, particularly memory, attention and the speed at which you process information. It can also improve the executive functions of your brain such as reasoning, planning, problem solving and multitasking. It can also help concentration in class. A meal can improve your academic performance, your grades and exam scores by providing power to your brain. You can take breakfast to school to ensure that you have something to eat during the break. You could take a boiled egg, fresh or dried fruits, boiled sweet potato, boiled cassava, fried plantains, chapati, nuts and other locally available delicious and healthy foods.

The photo shows Munira Ramadan Abkar Muhammad Warsha. The photo is copied from an old newspaper that printed an article about Munira.

Follow Your Dreams Munira Ramadan Abkar Muhammad Warsha was a pioneer, being the first Sudanese woman to work as a football referee, and the first known woman football referee in the Arab world and Africa. Munira was born in one of Omdurman’s oldest neighbourhoods, Al Abbasiya, Sudan, in 1955. She embarked on her sporting career in the 1970s, spearheading the way for women in what was a male

dominated industry. Munira soon made a name for herself. After working at the Sudan Ministry of Youth and Sports and the University of Khartoum for five years

she became a football referee in 1975. She was the first woman to work as a football referee in Sudan, refereeing major matches for men’s football in the Khartoum League from 1975 to 1980. Before establishing herself as the first female referee, Munira had already achieved a number of significant firsts. She worked as a swimming teacher at the University of Khartoum and was the first Sudanese woman to participate in swimming and discus throwing competitions, becoming the national champion of Sudan. She then went on to join Sudan’s first national women’s

The photo shows Munira Ramadan Abkar Muhammad Warsha in her referee top. The photo is copied from an old newspaper.

basketball team, established by Huda Zein El Abdein, and received her basketball refereeing and coaching certifications at the same time. Munira also worked as a trainer for the Women’s Union in Khartoum and the Women’s Military Union in Khartoum and was Secretary of the Swimming Federation and Secretary of the Athletics Federation. In 1980 Munira left the football profession and continued to make her own path. She established the Institute of Fitness in Khartoum and Khartoum North in 1980, under her own name, merging her love of sports with business. She then obtained a diploma in physical education from the Higher Institute of Physical Education in Khartoum in 1981. In 1984, Munira left Sudan and settled with her husband in Saudi Arabia. Munira is truly a pioneer figure for women in sport and industry, for Sudan, but also for the wider region and the world, inspiring generations to come. For example, fast forward to recent times, Salima Mukansanga, born in 1988 from Rwanda became the first woman to referee at the African Cup of Nations, leading out an all-woman officiating team of Fatiha Jermoumi (Morocco), Carine Atemzabong (Cameroon), and Bouchra Karboubi (Morocco) as the Video Assistant Referee (VAR). She has officiated at the Olympics, FIFA Women’s World Cup, Africa Women Cup of Nations and Correction: The Confederation of African Football (CAF) Women’s Champions League. In 2022 she was one of three women referees selected to officiate at the FIFA World Cup to be hosted in Qatar, and became the first female African to officiate at the men’s top football event on 22 November 2022.

Whatever you want to be, you will be! Interview with Salima Mukansanga The World Cup final is a big tournament. Which games did you prepare for? How did you become a football referee? I have loved refereeing since childhood, I was inspired when I used to go to games in my hometown and I would look on the field watching the players but also the referees. Seeing them in action was a big inspiration for me. So being a referee was really something I wanted to be, and it has been a motivational driver within me. I just love it. You are a young referee and a female in the football world dominated by men. How did you start your career? In the beginning, I used to officiate in the local leagues for men and second division women. It was not professional, just our local Football Association. Soon after that, I developed my refereeing abilities and started refereeing in a national league second division, second division women and then up to the first division men. At that time it was new because we didn’t see women referees. It was a field dominated by men. People did not accept what we were doing. They would reluctantly say “She’s doing fine”. But within me, I had a big dream to reach far, to be a professional referee, but people did not accept me. However, day by day, they started to accept it more, because of the decisions I took. They found that I was making fair decisions and so they tried to accept me. After more time, they also started to encourage young girls to get involved in those fields dominated by men, so it was a good time for me as I knew many of the other female referees and we could present a more powerful appearance together.

I prepared for the World Cup tournament as a whole, not just particular games. I had to prepare myself physically, mentally and theoretically to be ready. This was all based on the training we received which included courses and seminars. Do you have any regrets about missed chances in your career? I don’t regret anything. Here I am, and I deserve to be here. This is my time, and I had to seize it and make it shine. I’m really glad I was chosen to referee at the World Cup, because I worked hard for this. What do you think has been the crucial ingredient of your success? Ethics. I can stand on my decisions until the future because I want my future to be bright. And I want young girls to look at me and follow in my footsteps. I am here now because I took the advice of those who came before me. Now is my time and I stay focused. What message do you have for young people? Wherever you are coming from, don’t feel shy. Don’t feel depressed. Don’t let anyone ever say that you will never get there. You will become who you want to be. Today, I am here, and I never thought I would be. It means you too can have that. Keep working hard, follow your dreams, focus on what you want to be, because the future is bright. Whatever you want to be, you will be. Thank you, Salima. Thank you.

The photo above shows Salima Mukasanga on a football pitch. She is surrounded by other referees and football players.

I have loved refereeing since childhood, I was inspired when I used to go to games in my hometown and I would look on the field watching the players but also the referees. Seeing them in action was a big inspiration for me. So being a referee is really something I wanted to be...

Adapted from: https://shorturl.at/dJS13 Munira’s story was found in a copy of Sudan’s Radio, Television and Theatre Magazine from 1976, contributed to Sudan Memory by Jannis Stürtz/Habibi Funk, in addition to a number of more recent articles inspired by Munira’s life. Salima’s story was found in an online article.

Malaria Bites! What is the deadliest creature in the world? The answer might surprise you. It is not a lion, a snake, or a crocodile. The deadliest creature on earth is a tiny insect: the mosquito! Mosquitoes cause approximately 1 million human deaths globally each year by biting people and giving them deadly diseases like malaria and dengue fever. In South Sudan, malaria is a very common cause of illness, and responsible for the majority of all health facility visits. It is also a common cause of absenteeism from school, affecting students’ learning. The Government of South Sudan recognises that malaria is a major health concern in the country, and in November 2022 held its first national conference with more than 150 participants to discuss and plan an anti-malaria strategy. In January 2023, the Government endorsed the ‘Zero Malaria Campaign’, an initiative of the Ministry of Health to fight malaria in South Sudan.

How is malaria spread? Malaria is spread through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito, which live throughout the whole country. Carrying the malaria parasite (called Plasmodium), this mosquito bites a person, drinks their blood and then passes the parasite through its saliva to the person’s blood.

How do I know if I’m infected, and what should I do? If you are bitten by an infected mosquito, it will feel like any other mosquito bite at first, so you will not know right away. It is only after 10 to 15 days that the symptoms will start. Symptoms can include fever, headaches and body aches, shivering and sweating, nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea and tiredness.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) advises to seek medical support if you experience symptoms of malaria such as: • Fever • Headaches and body aches • Shivering and sweating • Nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea • Tiredness

If you develop symptoms, it is important to see a doctor or a health practitioner as soon as possible, and ideally within 24 hours. Malaria can progress quickly to a more severe form of the disease which can cause very serious health problems or death, so if you have a fever, get tested in the closest health facility! The health worker may test for malaria with a tiny amount of blood or decide to begin treatment without testing based on your symptoms.

Malaria is a treatable disease. However, the medicines are most effective if taken early, so seek treatment early if you experience the symptoms. How can I stay safe from malaria? The best way to prevent malaria is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes, by covering arms and legs, especially during morning and evening hours when malaria spreading mosquitoes are most active. This can be difficult but remember that not all mosquitoes are infected with malaria, so do not panic if you are bitten! Insecticide-treated bed nets, commonly known as mosquito nets, protect you when you are sleeping by forming a barrier through which mosquitoes cannot enter. You should check the mosquito net regularly and fix any holes that you find in it. Remember to sleep under the net, in such a way that it does not touch you. If the net touches your body then it is not safe! Move to the middle of the mattress. Bed nets treated with insecticide are much more protective than untreated nets because they kill mosquitoes that land on them.

Every household should have bed nets. If you do not sleep under a bed net, you are at an increased risk of getting malaria. This means you have an increased risk of sickness and missing school. Get a mosquito net! If you cannot afford a mosquito net, speak with youth organisations and health facilities operating in your area about options for getting a free mosquito net.

Windows and doors can also be fitted with mosquito screens to stop mosquitoes from entering the house. Because malaria is especially dangerous during pregnancy and can cause severe health problems in the baby, pregnant women should take extra care to avoid mosquito bites, and they should keep up with their regular antenatal health checks.

The photo above shows a secondary school girl who is getting ready for school. She is putting on shoes while sitting on her bed. The bed is covered with a mosquito net, suggesting that the girl sleeps under the net to avoid mosquito bites during the night.

If you are pregnant, or someone in your household is pregnant, ensure you visit the closest health centre for your antenatal care. The health practitioner may suggest malaria preventive measures to you. Remember that pregnant women and children under 5 years old are especially vulnerable and should be taken to the health facility as soon as experiencing first symptoms of being unwell.

The Anopheles mosquitoes thrive during the rainy season because they breed in water. Mosquitoes lay their eggs in standing water, like buckets, tyres, or barrels that have filled with rain. This means that you can help to control the

mosquito population by either emptying or covering any items which collect water. Look around your compound f or pote n tial m osqu ito breeding sites (like tyres and buckets) and empty the water – if you look closely, you might

even see tiny larvae already swimming in there! Water storage containers such as rain barrels should either be tightly covered with a lid or covered with wire mesh with holes smaller than an adult mosquito, so mosquitoes cannot get inside to lay eggs in the water. You can also discourage mosquitos from entering your compound and school by planting mosquito repelling plants such as: lemon grass (safag lemon), basil (rihan), rosemary (ward), mint (nanaa), sage (hargel) and lavender (lavendar). Lemon grass is very easy to grow in all parts of South Sudan; it doesn’t need any special treatment and it is easy to spread, so we encourage you to start your mosquito repelling plantation with it.

The illustration above shows a man emptying household items after they have collected rain water. Various items around our compound can collect water which is used by mosquitos as breeding sites. The illustration below shows mosquito repelling plants, such as lemon grass, basil, rosemary, mint, sage and lavender planted around a house to deter mosquitos. Knowing how to prevent malaria and when to treat it can help keep you, your family and your community safe. Do your part by sleeping under the net and avoiding mosquito bites. Keep your compound mosquito free by removing any breeding sites! Plant mosquito repelling plants in your compound and school! Encourage your friends to do the same and turn your community into a mosquito free zone!

She Inspires Us A short story about the life of Savia Juan Jackson… Once, at the University, I raised my left hand to contribute to a discussion and ask a question. The lecturer told me that I could only speak in class if I raised my right hand. There was an issue however, as I do not have a right hand. I lost my right arm in an accident when I was 16 and that very accident changed my life. The ordinary teenager that I was needed to transform into a thick skin hustler, entrepreneur, extraordinary student and an activist. I was born without a disability. My life was quite ordinary. I was the daughter of a single mother, a sister, a student, a friend to many, just like most other teenagers. There was nothing that was making me stand out, really. Maybe one thing, actually. I really believed in education, so I paid attention in class, and always tried to do my best. I liked learning new things. When I was 16, I had a road accident. In the aftermath of that accident I lost my right arm. That changed everything. Believe it or not, but people around me, even my close friends, started to avoid me. Some thought that staying around me would bring them bad luck. Some felt embarrassed, some maybe just confused. Even my closest friends disappeared. Strangers started to call me names, names I wasn’t called before, when I had two arms. I had lost the hand with which I would hold my pen, with

which I would brush my teeth, and which I used to do many things. I had to re-learn all the things I had previously used my right hand for again, but using my left hand, and I had to do it while grieving the loss of my arm and the loss of my selfimage and my friends. It was not easy. At first I felt sad, confused, angry and hurt. It was a mixture of feelings, but with time I started to learn a new way of doing things, and a new way of interacting with people. This changed my feelings too. I learned to use my left hand to write. I learned how to recognise real friends, the kind who will give support through tough times, and I learned how to appreciate small things in my life. I became an entrepreneur and a smallbusiness owner as well. After the accident I didn’t receive any compensation and I was thinking what I could do to improve my situation and get back to school. I borrowed some money to pay for the school fees. It was enough to pay my school fees, but at the same time I thought that after a year I would be in the same position and would again need to borrow money to pay for the school fees. I had a choice to make: use the borrowed money to pay school fees for a year, or use that money to keep generating income that I could use for school fees. I decided to use the money to generate income.

The photo shows Savia Juan Jackson looking elegant in a red outfit.

I opened a small tea stall, which has now turned into a tea house. I also baked cakes. Over time the business started to generate enough income to pay for my school fees and my life expenses. I finished secondary school and continued education at the University of Juba. Now I even employ two people, so I became an employer as well. I was lucky to receive support from the South Sudan Union of Persons with Disabilities (SSUPDO), an organisation that supports people with disabilities. They helped me to understand that disability is not an inability, and that the fact I do not have an arm does not have to mean that I need to stop my life. They helped me to understand that I can learn to do things with my left hand, and that I can continue my dreams, my education and serve my community. They helped me to meet other people

with disabilities, share our experiences and feel comfortable speaking about the challenges. With time, and with training from the African Disability Forum, I become an activist promoting the rights of persons with disabilities and helping communities to understand that any of us can develop an impairment and that an impairment does not have to mean inability. I believe that we all have a role to play in our society, and that we all have the right and obligation to be the best versions of ourselves. I realise that I can do this by studying, supporting my family, being a good friend, being an honest entrepreneur, a supportive employer and an activist. I hope that I can encourage our communities to be more open and welcoming to people with disabilities and an inspiration to youth to actively pursue their dreams.

Do It Yourself How to make tools that will help you manage your period Menstrual flow, menstruation, period – once you, your female friends or your sister start to experience this, it will be part of your life for a long time, maybe another four decades, so it is good to have tools to manage your cycle. In Issue 1 of the Teens ta Guwa Magazine we showed you how to make sanitary pads. In this issue we show you how to make a pouch where you can keep your sanitary products, a period necklace to help you track your period, and how to use a menstrual calendar also known as a period tracker.

Making a sanitary pouch or a case You can make a small pouch or a case in which to carry some essential products to support you during your period. These include your sanitary products, toilet paper, tissue and other hygiene items that help you manage your period. By keeping the products in a pouch or a case you can keep them safe from dust and other elements, and also keep them away from other people’s eyes, which can help you to maintain privacy. To make a pouch you will need: • A sewing machine or a needle • A pair of scissors • Some soap or a pencil • A piece of kitenge or any other durable material • A zip to fasten the pouch, or a button • Thread • Pins

Remember to use needle and scissors carefully or with a help of an adult!. Once you have gathered your materials here is what you do: Step 1: Cut a rectangle Cut one rectangle out of your kitenge. The size of the rectangle will depend on the size of the pouch you would like to make, but remember the pouch needs to be big enough to hold all your sanitary products. You can make it any size, but we recommend a finished pouch of around 24cm square. To make this, the rectangle you need to cut two pieces of 26cm*30cm.

Step 2: Sew the sides Lay one piece of fabric with the colour facing you, and one directly on top of that with the colour facing down. Attach sewing pins to hold the sides together. Use the pins on the left side and right side of the fabric, pin the bottom too. Stitch the sides and the bottom. You will end up with an envelope with 3 sides that are secured and one side open. Secure the stitches with a knot at the beginning and the end of the sides you are stitching.

Step 3: Turn the pouch right-side-out Turn the envelope right-side-out through the one side that you left unstitched. To push the corners out, you can use a chopstick. Now your colourful side of the fabric is facing you.

Step 4: Add buttons Lay the envelope down so that the unstitched side is at the top again. Fold the top down about 5cm. This is the size your pouch will be, so if you want it smaller or bigger move the fold up or down until you are happy. Use a pin to mark the position by pushing it through the main part of the pouch just under the top edge. Lay it flat again and sew a button or buttons on the fabric just above where you marked it with a pin. Only sew it through one layer of the fabric, otherwise you won’t be able to open the bag.

Step 5: Cut openings for the buttons Fold the top flap back over the pouch to your pin mark, so the buttons are now covered. Feel buttons with your fingers. Where you feel the buttons, cut an opening on the top flap (through both layers). This will allow you to close the “envelope” with buttons. You can secure the button openings from enlarging or peeling by stitching around the openings. Remember to take out the pin after you have finished.

Step 6: Use your pouch You made it!!! You now have a pouch. Inside your pouch can place your favourite period products. In my pouch I put my sanitary pads, tissue, plastic bag for securing/disposing the used pads, spare underwear, sanitiser and other items I use to manage my period. Which products will you put in your pouch?

Making a menstrual necklace You can make a Menstrual Cycle Necklace to help you track your menstrual cycle and calculate your period days. The Menstrual Cycle Necklace can be made of beads or fruit seeds, or any other suitable material To make a menstrual necklace you will need: •

Thread or wool

•

Between 5 and 7 red beads (depending how long your period lasts, which of course can vary for each cycle)

•

Between 21 and 30 white beads (depending how long your cycle lasts)

Remember! The total number of beads that you will need equals the total number of days in your cycle.

Period Days

(Red beads)

Days between periods

(White beads)

Your usual menstrual cycle length

(Red beads + White beads)

Once you have gathered your materials here is what you do: Step 1: Put red beads on a thread Put red beads on a thread. The number of beads should be for the average number of days that your period lasts. If your period is usually 5 days, use 5 red beads. If your period is usually 7 days, use 7 red beads. Step 2: Add white beads on a thread Add between 21 and 30 white beads on the thread on which you already put the red beads. Use as many white beads as there are normally days between your periods. If your usual cycle is usually 28 days and your period is usually 7 days, then you will need 21 white beads. If your usual cycle is 31 days and your usual period is 6 days, you will need 25 white beads. The total number of beads on your necklace is the total number of days in your usual menstrual cycle.

Menstrual calendar / Period tracker As an alternative to the Period Necklace/Bracelet, or as well as it, you can also copy the period tracker below. Each row of the tracker represents a month, and each box represents the day of the month. In the tracker mark the day on which your period begins and keep marking all period days e.g. with an X or a P. For the days that you do not have your period, leave the boxes empty and unmarked. Do this every month. After a few months you will start to see patterns and you will be able to calculate when your next period is likely to start. This helps you plan for your period, and to be prepared with your period pouch. The period tracker can help you understand and manage your actual menstrual cycle. Others may misinterpret this and want to use it for other reasons that are not in your best interest. There are many myths and misinterpretations about periods and menstruation, but this tracker is for you and it can really help you understand when your next period is due. To avoid misinterpretation, keep it private.

Never Too Late We often hear a saying “it’s never too late”, but when we are young, we rarely pay much attention to understanding the meaning of these words. Life has taught me that there is always a way to act on your dreams. My name is Kiden and I am from Yei. I am 30, but I just graduated from Senior 4. Why so late? Well, I dropped-out in my late teens. My parents died and life became hard. There was no relative who could take care of the school fees and I had to take care of my younger siblings. My responsibilities were many, while support was weak. I did not speak about my situation with anyone who had a similar experience, and I did not find a way to manage school, housework, take

care of siblings, provide for school fees for me and them. The pressure was too much and despite having dreams of my own, I was married off. I accepted this and I thought that I didn’t have much choice. Luckily my husband was understanding, he supported my ambition and dreams of becoming a nurse. He did not mind me being a wife and a student, so I went back to school. Even though we had three children, I joined a secondary school. The head teacher helped me

and supported my education. I was not chased away from school because I am also a wife and a mother. The head teacher and the teachers understood my situation and did not create any additional difficulties for me to return to school. They understood that having a family and many responsibilities was already much for a learner, so they let me study just like other learners, without any additional problem. Some people in the village and even my classmates used to ask me how I managed. The truth is, it was very difficult to manage the family and the school, especially when my children were unwell and during my exams, but my dream of becoming a nurse was stronger than the difficulties. I kept pushing and struggling to complete secondary school and join the nursing school, but I was not always successful; I had to repeat Senior 4. The first time I did not do well in the final exams; the extra responsibilities I had were too much for me. But going through the Senior 4 again, studying the material again and knowing what to expect in the exams; helped me. In the recent exams

I did well and now I am preparing for the nursing school. My ambition is to become the best nurse in Yei, care for patients and help them feel better. For the younger learners I have a few lessons to pass on. If you are struggling with your responsibilities, do not just keep it to yourself; speak to someone you trust, ask for support and help. If there is a Head Girl and Head Boy in the school, talk to them. They may be able to offer support, help you to catch up with lessons when you are absent. If there is a Mentor in your school, or a senior teacher, talk to them, they may be able to connect you with a support network so that you are not left alone with your challenges. Look for support among relatives and neighbours and do not get tricked into thinking that if you marry all your problems will be sorted. If someone is forcing you to marry, call the free toll number 623 and ask for help. There are organisations that can provide you with support and help you continue to study. Most importantly, try not to drop out as coming back to school is not easy. And remember, it is never too late to pursue your dreams.

The photo shows Kiden wearing her school uniform and enjoying a healthy meal.

Sport Has the Power to Inspire “Sport has the power to inspire. It also has the power to unite people in a way that little else does” – said Nelson Mandela. The founder of South Sudan’s wheelchair basketball team, Gatluak, was just 11 years old when he lost his father and his brother in a civil war. At a young age, Gatluak sustained gunshot injuries to his arms and legs during the civil war. He was airlifted to Kenya to a hospital run by the International Red Cross. The injuries to one of his legs were so bad that it had to be amputated.

It was in Kakuma that Gatluak met others, who like him, had lost limbs in the fighting and were forced to flee the country. It was also in Kakuma that the Red Cross introduced them to wheelchair basketball.

Fighting and civil unrest meant that Gatluak coulda not go back home. His new home was a refugee camp in Kenya, called Kakuma.

Gatluak had a dream that if ever South Sudan became an independent country, he and his new teammates would start a national wheelchair basketball team.

Having suffered so much trauma, wheelchair basketball helped the players start to see a future for themselves, and to begin to build a new life.

The photo shows Gatluak in his blue basketball outfit. He sits on a sports wheelchair which helps him move safely and quickly on the court.

In July 2011, South Sudan separated from the Sudan to became the world’s newest nation. Two weeks later, the country’s wheelchair basketball team was formed. Gatluak had realised his dream. A few years later, Malat Wei, another South Sudanese basketball player who uses wheelchair and the other players met and captured their incredible story on film.

You can watch the film here: https://shorturl.at/jrHJK In 2019 new members joined the team. Among the new members, 15 women from across South Sudan joined the basketball wheelchair team. The team is inspiring youth and adults across the country to take up sports and recognise that disability is not an inability.

The photo below shows three female basketball players who are using sports wheelchairs to facilitate their movement on the court. In the background there is a spectator who also is a wheelchair user.

The photo is a close-up of football player Jimmi Just Augustine, who is stretching before the game. Jimmi cannot see and he joined the Shining Star Blind Football team. They use a special ball, with bells inside which jingles to allow players to hear where the ball is instead of seeing it. In the background of the photo are other players from the team, who are also stretching before the match.

Jimmi Just Augustine shares Mary’s sentiments: "I want to tell the rest of my colleagues, and the general public that disability is not inability, and that the person that cannot see can be able to do anything that a person without a disability can do.”

He was among several players who were honoured in 2022 with medals at a match organized by Light for the World NGO to mark the International White Cane Safety Day, celebrated annually every 15th October to highlight the need for inclusivity for persons with disabilities.

Jimmy Just Augustine, is a 23-year-old South Sudanese who plays for the Shining Star Blind Football team. Augustine, who cannot see, is one of many visually challenged footballers aspiring to represent his club and country at the regional and international level as the game of blind football gains traction in South Sudan. He is also one of the 85 South Sudanese who are fully trained in blind football.

"We are not seeing, we use our ears to hear the jingling sound of the ball then we follow the ball. You know in the past it was not easy, we were knocking ourselves, but now we can control and shoot the ball, and we are also able to run with the ball," Augustine explains. Blind football is an adapted form of five-a-side football, played with an audible ball on a pitch surrounded by kick-boards - a physical barrier indicating the touchlines - and without the offside rule.

Simon Madol Akol, a 24-year-old head coach of South Sudan blind football who trains Augustine, says that the players are now on the right track to grow blind football beyond Juba. “We also want to expand blind football to other states, because we have already tried expanding in the whole of Juba. We have been going into schools and showing kids how to play blind football because we know that some of our players here are studying in some schools, and they don’t get a chance to play with their peers who are sighted.” Simon Akol explains that the blind football association is currently not registered with the government, and that the registration is needed as he and the players hope to build a team to represent the country at tournaments. “We needed to come up with something unique that can get the youth who are visually impaired to participate fully. Sometimes when I tell people that I am a blind football coach they wonder. But there are rules and guidelines that govern blind football. First and foremost we use our ears and not our eyes to play blind football.” The Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) in partnership with Light for the World is promoting blind football in South Sudan. The football project is being implemented by the South Sudan Association for the Visually Impaired (SSAVI). Esbon Umbo Jacob, a 20-year-old team mate of Augustine who became visually impaired at age of seven, said they have so far gained lots of experience in blind football after participating in many matches.

David Magok, a 16-year-old sighted member of the Buluk football team that occasionally trains and plays with the visually impaired Shining Star team, said blind football will help promote equality and peace in South Sudan. “I am not blind but this blind football we are playing is very good - it will promote peace in our country. When we play we are all equal, and we can promote peace,” said Magok. Blind football is a variation of futsal designed for players who are visually impaired. Futsal is a football-based game played on a hardcourt like a basketball court, smaller than a football pitch, and mainly indoors. It is currently a Paralympics sport, and the International Blind Sports Association (IBSA) also organizes a World Championship. Blind football, wheelchair basketball and other sport disciplines which welcome persons with disabilities help raise community awareness that a disability is not an inability and that persons with disabilities can and should participate in the ordinary life of the community. There are many organisations that support persons with disabilities to access assistive devices which facilitate their participation in their daily routines. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) runs orthocentres across South Sudan where persons with difficulties in walking can access mobility devices such as crutches and wheelchairs. If you, or someone you know, needs an assistive device, contact your closest health centre or any of the Organisations of Persons with Disabilities (OPDs) operating in your area.

World Environment Day 05 June 2023 marked the 50th anniversary of World Environment Day. World Environment Day was established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1972 to draw public attention to environmental issues challenging our planet. Over the past decades, the day has grown to be one of the largest global platforms for environmental outreach. Tens of millions of people participate online and through in-person activities, events and actions around the world. This year attention is focussed on plastic pollution. Together with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), we invite you to learn more and take action to beat plastic pollution. Over the past 70 years, plastic, an incredibly flexible, versatile, and durable material, infiltrated markets and reached every part of the globe. Plastics can provide important benefits, from life-saving medical devices to safe and long-life food storage. However, unnecessary and avoidable plastics, particularly single-use packaging and disposable items, are polluting our planet at alarming rates. Decades of economic growth and an increasing dependency on throw-away plastics have led to a flood of unmanaged waste that pours into lakes, rivers, coastal environments, and out to seas and oceans, triggering a wave of problems.

Did you know that Around the world, one million plastic bottles are purchased every minute? From the 1950s to the 1970s, only a small amount of plastic was produced, and as a result, plastic waste was relatively manageable. However, between the 1970s and the 1990s, plastic waste generation has more than tripled, reflecting a similar rise in plastic production. In the early

2000s, the amount of plastic waste we generated rose more in a single decade than it had in the previous 40 years. Today, we produce about 400 million tonnes of plastic waste every year. Of the seven billion tonnes of plastic waste generated globally so far, less than 10 per cent has been recycled. Millions of tonnes of plastic waste have been exported from America and Europe to China and various countries in Africa. Much of this waste ends up in our rivers, swamps, lakes, seas and oceans.

Did you know that Up to five trillion plastic bags are used worldwide every year. The same properties that make plastics so useful, their durability and resistance to degradation, also make them nearly impossible for nature to completely break down. Most plastic items never fully disappear; they just break down into smaller and smaller pieces. Those microplastics can enter the human body through inhalation and absorption and accumulate in organs. Microplastics have been found in our lungs, livers, spleens and kidneys. A study recently detected microplastics in the placentas of new-born babies.

The full extent of the impact of this on human health is still unknown. There is, however, substantial evidence that plastic-associated chemicals, such as methyl mercury, plasticisers and flame retardants, can enter the body and are linked to health concerns.

Take an action! Take an action today and beat plastic pollution in your community and turn your community in a green space!

Turn plastic into arts and crafts Get friends together, find some thick gloves, industrial bags and rubbish picking tools, and clean-up your community. Plastics are everywhere. You will find it your school, around your school, near the roads, near the market, in your fields, just about anywhere. Gather your friends and pick that rubbish, pack it and find out from local organisations where you can recycle it. Use some of that found rubbish to create beautiful art pieces. If you are looking for inspiration, read our “Environmental value of African Art” article.

Did you know that half of all plastics produced are designed for single-use purposes? They are designed to be used just once and then thrown away.

The photo above is taken in an art gallery. It presents three art pieces, portraits, made of recycled plastic. The floor of the gallery room is covered in single-use plastic, which is a clever demonstration of the plastic waste we produce daily.

Use plastic bottles to water your plants Find a discarded bottle. Rinse the empty bottle with water and remove the label. Ask an adult to use a sharp object to pierce the top of the bottlecap four times. Once pierced to your satisfaction, place the cap on the bottle. Using your scissors carefully remove the bottom of the bottle so that it is completely open. Scissors are sharp. Use them carefully to avoid accidents. Using strong twine or string, tie the bottle (cap-side down) to the sapling or shrub. Pour water into the open end of the bottle. That’s it. You’ve done it! You have turned a discarded plastic bottle into an irrigator.

The photo above shows a plastic bottle which is fixed around a plant and serves as an irrigator.

Plant a tree and turn your community into a green space Ask all your classmates to save mango seeds, dry them for four days and bring them to school. When the pit is dry, squeeze it gently to get a feel for where the seed is located inside the pit. Usually, there is a slight indentation near the top of the pit with no seed. Very gently, peel back the outer rind. This will leave you with a seed. Find a plastic bottle and cut it in half. Remember to do it carefully and safely to avoid accidents while using scissors. Fill it with soil. Gently push the seed into a pot of soil you made out of the plastic bottle. Water the pot well and set it in a warm spot. In about ten days the seed will begin to lift from the soil. This means that the tap root has started to grow. A week or two after that a small

stalk will begin to show. This stalk will sprout leaves and your mango sapling will begin to grow. As your mango sapling grows, move it to the place agreed with the Head Teacher or a community leader where the sapling can continue growing and become a tree. After five or six years the mango tree will produce flowers and will fruit. Alternatively, you can plant avocado, palm, papaya or other fruit trees that will provide your community with some delicious and nutritious fruits. You can also plant lemon grass and reduce the number of mosquitos in your community. Mosquitos do not like the smell of the lemon grass and they avoid spaces where it grows. Before you plant any trees or plants in the school compound, agree with your Head Girl and Head Boy and the Head Teacher a site where your trees can be planted.

Remember to reduce your plastic use If someone offers you soda in a plastic bottle, politely refuse. Soda is not a healthy drink, it contains unhealthy amounts of sugar which can have detrimental impact on your health. Plus soda producers are responsible for millions of plastic bottles being dumped into environment every single day. Choose water from a dispenser over a bottle of water. If you are attending workshops and meetings, request that water is served from a dispenser to save the environment, or simply drink tea or freshly made juice. The photo above shows a tree sapling growing in a plastic bag, and being prepared to be transferred into soil. Plastic bottles and plastic bags can be used to grow saplings. This way, plastic which would otherwise be discarded finds a new use.

When going to the market and to shops, take your basket or a bag you made out of fabric. Don’t rely on plastic bags that the shop assistants will pack your purchase in. Bring your own packaging.

Check B Magiic – Inspirational South Sudanese Artist and Singer When Oromo Alfred Odiha lost fingers on both of his hands in a grenade explosion at the age of five, his whole life changed. On an ordinary day in his hometown Torit, he was playing with his younger brother who found a grenade on the roof of their house. Their father, a soldier, had hidden the grenade on the roof. Oromo called out to his brother not to touch the grenade, but it was too late. The little one pulled out the pin and the grenade exploded in his hands. Both brothers suffered irreparable damage to their hands.

Not only did Oromo acquire a disability on that day, but his father then rejected him, his brother and his mother. They had to leave their home and make a new life for themselves. So, who is Oromo today? Have you heard of Check B Magiic, the famous South Sudanese dancehall musician and an idol, the one, whose hit song “Soko” scooped many awards? Or maybe you’ve heard of Check B Magiic and Emmanuel Jal’s song “Hey Mama” played on TV stations across South Sudan, Nigeria, South Africa, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi and Tanzania? The truth is that Check B Magiic and Oromo Alfred Odiha are the same person.

“I’m thankful to my mother for making me independent and resilient from a very young age. She never pitied me and she expected me to adapt and do everything other children could do like learning to hold a pen and writing by holding what remained of the three fingers on my right hand. At a school in Agago Refugee Camp and later on at Uganda Martyrs Centenary in Uganda, I also learnt to stand up to the bullies. Throughout my childhood and youth I have learned how to persevere and follow my dreams, and like magic I achieved that.” Check B Magiic, today is a kind, outgoing, funloving and accomplished person. His energy and enthusiasm are infectious. Although he holds Diplomas in Information Communication Technology (ICT) from universities in Kampala, he has pursued his passion in music and returned to South Sudan to create and inspire other young people with disabilities to become the best versions of themselves and follow their dreams. “I want all children and youth with disabilities in South Sudan to believe in themselves and to overcome the barriers that they face.”

The photo above shows Check B Magiic, dressed in a bright red jacket, styled with sunglasses and red cap.

Check B Magiic is the first South Sudanese musician with an impairment to become “famous”. His stage name came as a result of something that happened on a bus trip to Uganda. The police admired him for his cheekiness as a young chap and the whole bus started calling him Check. He then added Magiic to his name and is now Check B Magiic. He says that the word “magic” defines his whole life.

Check B Magiic followed his dreams and achieved his ambitions. He runs a talent development company, Magiic Talent Africa. He is also the Founder and the Director of Check-B Foundation, Able Disabled South Sudan. This nonprofit organisation champions inclusion and empowerment of persons with disabilities through digital and creative arts. He is also involved in the work of Cordaid in Torit. Cordaid reaches out to children with functional difficulties and provides them with mobility aids, visual aids, WASH facilities etc. “Through my own experience and my work, I am aware that children with disabilities often feel forgotten. I encourage all of you to go to school and make the best of your circumstances.” You can listen to Check B Magiic songs on youtube: https://shorturl.at/nqtCI

I AM ABLE - LYRICS BY CHECK B MAGIIC (Intro)

Where will I fit, if you deem me unfit, Ana bi ish wen, (Where will I live) lo itum ma asu Ana, (If you don't want me) eeh, Abau Le Ana shokol, (I was refused a job) Gali Ana mazur, (They said I am disable) Nyakamu min ana Watan, (My plot of land grabbed) Gali Ana mazur, (They said I am disable) Munu Gali, zol Al mazur, ma bi alkder shokol, (Who said a person with a disability can not manage to work) Munu Gali zol Al mazur bi alisu? (Who said a person with a disability should be despised)

(Chorus)

I am ABLE, am not disable, You are ABLE, you are not disable, Ana ABLE, ana ma disable, (I am able, am not disable) Ita ABLE, ita ma disable, (x2) (you're able, you're not disable)

(Bridge)

Why do u reject me, Ana ma disable, (I am not disable) Don't discriminate me, Ana ma disable, (I am not disable) Mata exclude me, Ana ma disable, (I am not disable) Don't you disgrace me, Ana ma disable,(I am not disable)

(Verse 2)

Mata ish be fadiya, (Don't live with shame) haya uwo hadiya, (Life is a gift) gisma min fok rabaniya, (x2) (You are made in the image of the almighty above) Where will I fit, if you deem me unfit, Ana bi ish wen, lo itum ma azu Ana, (Where will I survive, if you don't love me) Abau Le Ana shokol, (I was refused a job) Gali Ana mazur, (They said I am disable) Nyakamu min ana Watan, (My plot of land grabbed)

The photo above shows Check B Magiic dressed in a blue shirt, sunglasses and wearing his locks to the front, in a form of fringe.

Gali Ana mazur, (They said I am disable) Munu Gali, zol Al mazur, ma bi alkder shokol, (Who said a person with a disability can not manage to work) Munu Gali zol Al mazur bi alisu? (Who said a person with a disability should be despised)

(Chorus)

I am ABLE, am not disable, You are ABLE, you are not disable, Ana ABLE, ana ma disable, (I am able, am not disable) Ita ABLE, ita ma disable, (x2) (You're able, you're not disable)

(Outro)

To be disabled is not a choice, I am not disable, Ana wo inti Mafi ferik, (Me and You have no difference) You are not disable, Focus on my ABILITIES, not my dis-abilities, I am ABLE People with disabilities deserve the same opportunities, Welet ta BeledeI, I AM ABLE. Daga did it again, Magiic Boy, Sun City Records ®2022

Beat Plastic Pollution Have you noticed heaps of plastic bottles, plastic bags and other plastic items on the sides of the streets in your locality? That is plastic pollution.

The scourge of plastic pollution is a visible threat that impacts every community across the world. It has detrimental impacts on health, the economy and the environment that cannot be ignored. We must seize every opportunity to engage with as many community members as possible to deal with the plastics problem. Did you know that UNEP estimates that more than 400 million tonnes of plastics are produced every year worldwide, and that half of this plastic is designed to be used only once? Only 10% of plastic is recycled. An estimated 19-23 million tonnes of plastic end up in lakes, rivers and seas annually. This is a problem as microplastics can have a harmful impact on our health.

What is microplastic? Microplastic consists of tiny plastic particles up to 5mm in diameter, which find their way into food, water and air. It is estimated that each person on the planet consumes more than 50,000 plastic particles per year through food and water, and many more if inhalation is considered. Discarded or burnt single-use plastics harms human health, biodiversity and pollutes every ecosystem from the mountain tops to the ocean floor. With available science and solutions to tackle the problem, governments, companies and other stakeholders must scale up and speed actions to solve this crisis, but you have a role to play as well.

Here are some businesses beating plastic pollution. Get inspired.

The photo shows a group of pre-primary children sitting around a table, on chairs made of recycled plastic.

CareMe Bioplastics, Rwanda CareMe Bioplastics is involved in the collection and recycling of plastic, using a mobile app to collect the plastics from the end-users and process the collected plastic into the school desks, chairs, and both indoor and outdoor furniture hence turning the plastic wastes into valuable items and cutting down the rate of deforestation. The app allows users to

earn points from the plastics they collect, which can be exchanged for money or household furniture, which helps the community become more responsible for their plastic waste. After collection, CareMe Bioplastics molds those singleuse plastic wastes into valuable items that last for deades.

Ramtsilo, South Africa This organisation is South Africa’s first plastic brick manufacturing plant, which has not only brought innovation to the industry, in the form of a certified plastic brick, but is also blazing a trail for recycling, social responsibility and grassroots empowerment. Ramtsilo is able to recycle any type of plastic which traditional recycling methods are unable to do. Ramtsilo works closely with women and young unskilled workers, giving them opportunities to gain skills. But what really makes them stand out is how construction-friendly their bricks are, as there is no need for contractors to purchase any special material to use in conjunction with their bricks.

The photo shows a wall built with bricks made of recycled plastic.

The photo above shows a pile of bricks made of recycled plastic.

Eco Blocks and Tiles, Kenya Eco Blocks and Tiles supplies home builders with premium building products that make their houses stylish and unique. The company reduces environmental pollution caused by plastic and glass waste by recycling these into distinct building materials that are aesthetically appealing, longer lasting and affordable. They repurpose waste plastic and glass into quality blocks and tiles, that could have otherwise ended up harming the environment. “Enough plastic is thrown away each year to circle the earth 4 times. In Kenya alone, of the over 3,000,000 tonnes of waste generated each year only eight per cent is recycled. The rest ends up in the environment causing pollution. Nonbiodegradable waste such as plastics and glass worsen the situation as they do not rot. Recycling enables us to maintain

a safe environment by converting waste into new useful products thus reducing air and water pollution. We firmly believe eco-friendly building products made from various waste such as recycled glass and plastic are a solution to economical and “green” house construction.”

The photo shows a modern house with a red roof. The roof is covered with tiles which were produced using recycled plastic and glass.

Full Development Agency, Congo DRC Full Development Agency is a social enterprise that provides sustainable management solutions for urban waste. This is done by recycling plastic waste and transforming it into paving tiles used to beautify lawns, parking lots, sidewalks, and gardens.

to cement cobblestones, they are easy to clean and they help fighting plastic pollution.” The photo below shows a group of workers showing paving tiles made of urban waste.

“There was no system for protection of the environment. We started our business to help resolve the waste problem. Our enterprise engages trash collectors who deposit mountains of plastic at our factory, where it is melted down and scraped into hexagonal metal moulds. Once the plastic has cooled, it is tapped out, piled high and sold to customers. The advantage of these cobblestones is that they are less expensive compared

Career Corner Choosing your career is an important decision, based on several factors which include interests, skills, education qualifications and personality. With all the options available, making a career choice has become a very difficult but exciting task. To make a good career choice, you need to spend some time and energy into getting to know yourself and developing skills that would help you start a career.

Assess yourself: Before making a choice, you should understand

your likes and dislikes. If you are clear about your personality traits and interests, selecting your career becomes simpler. If you are a creative person, you may want to consider a career in media and communications. But if you are a creative person who is also passionate about community development, you may want to consider a career in community mobilisation, community drama or social journalism. Similarly, if you like to draw and build, you may want to consider a career as an architect or an engineer.

Get qualifications: To start a professional career it is likely that

you will require professional qualifications. After secondary school you will need to make a decision whether you join a technical and vocational qualification programme, a university or another institution awarding professional qualifications, for example Colleges. There are several functional universities in South Sudan: •

John Garang University of Science and Technology, Bor

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Rumbek University, Rumbek

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University of Bahr El-Ghazal, Wau

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University of Juba

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Upper Nile University, Malakal

These universities offer bachelors and masters degree qualifications, which often open doors to careers and further education.

The photo is focused on three secondary school girls, sitting in a classroom full of learners.

Various colleges, private universities and technical and vocational schools offer certificate and diploma level courses which also open doors to various careers. To learn more about the courses these institutions offer, do check their websites and social media platforms.

Set your goals: Think about your life and career goals and assess if they are compatible and well matched. Your lifestyle goals and ambitions will help you live a fulfilled life when they are complementary. For example, if you want a quiet and stress-free life, you probably wouldn’t want to work in an emergency room as they are highstress and busy environments. However, if you love the idea of travel and also have a passion for sports, then choosing a career such as a sports coach or sportsperson could be very satisfying, as often the work involves relocating regularly to other places in the world.

Choose wisely: There are some careers that have poor job

prospects and there are others in high demand, but there are also careers that are high in demand in a particular locality, but not so relevant in others. For example, if you are passionate about animals you may want to choose education and a future career related to that. You may want to consider becoming a veterinarian, biologist, ecologist, wildlife scientist, conservation officer or a national park guide, but if you specialise in an area that is not marketable in the locality where you live you will need to face a move to follow your career ambition as business opportunities and job prospects where you live may be few.

Ayako, the baker Ayako is a young female baker, based in Juba who approaches business challenges with a positive spirit and a lot of hope. She is sharing with us her approach to business. Ayako, tell us more about yourself. I am Ayako, a South Sudanese woman, based in Juba. I work hard. I think I am self-driven, meaning I don’t need anyone to tell me what to do. I make and follow my own plan. I face challenges as they come and I push forward. I’m an honest person, I don’t mislead others. I try to be fair in everything I do. This helps my business as telling different clients different prices would bring confusion. I treat all clients in a fair manner. I am a baker.

When did you start your business? I started my business in 2022. I started on my own and because my business successfully grew, I now employ one other person. We make all sorts of cakes: birthday cakes, wedding cakes, small cakes and large ones. Why did you choose baking? Baking is my hobby. I do it to keep myself busy. I thought it would be a good idea to turn my hobby into a business, so I did it and here I am, running my own baking business.

Is it difficult to run your own business? Well, it is not easy, but I use challenges to help me grow. I don’t repeat mistakes. I learn lessons from challenges. I make plans and back-up plans so that if one plan fails, I have an alternative plan I can try. I also ask for help. When I experience a new challenge andI am not sure what to do, I ask for advice from more experienced people, and I continue learning. How do you promote your business, your cakes? I get most of my clients through recommendations from previous clients, relatives and friends. I also advertise on my social media platforms. What advice do you have for young people thinking about their own business? I recommend self-reliance and focusing on problem solving. Entrepreneurship helps young people to develop new ways of solving problems and gain insights on ways to navigate the path to success from concept to bringing your product or service to the market. Business owning and entrepreneurship also helps you lift yourself from poverty, you don’t need to depend on job availability. You create one for yourself and with time, for others. How can young people venture into business? The first step is to have an idea; but an idea without implementation will go to waste. So, after having an idea you need to examine the market to understand whether your idea can bring you profit,

whether it is needed. If after testing the market, you are convinced that your idea has a good chance of being a success, then you need to work on your capital; money that you will need to start-up your business. Remember to start small and to grow with time. Starting small helps you to grow skills and gain knowledge necessary to running a bigger business. It also helps you learn from mistakes and make predictions that will help you prevent and deal with challenges. We understand you work with other young people to train them, tell us more about that. I am currently running a simple baking course for schoolgirls. I am like a mentor to them. After the training, most of them aim to get employed and also become trainers themselves. Some may open their own businesses. The course I run has its own certificate, one that assures quality associated with me. What advice do you have for young entrepreneurs? Always challenge yourself. Grow, and learn from mistakes. Set goals and make a plan to reach your goals. Identify your strengthens and weaknesses, invest more in your strengths and continuously work on your weaknesses. Never lose hope. Keep pushing no matter how hard the situation is.

You made me do it! Peer influence. "Now!" whispered Grace. "Quick, while the man is not looking." Heart pounding, Lily leaned against the makeup display and slid a lipstick into her bag. She looked bored and innocent when she followed her friend Grace out of the shop, but inside she felt panicked. "I can't believe you made me do that," Lily moaned. "Relax," said Grace. "Everybody does it sometimes. And you did it too." She said nothing, but Lily knew she wouldn't steal the lipstick on her own. She felt pressure from her friend to do it.

Who Are Your Peers? When you were a child, your friends and the children you played with were usually the children from your kraal and the neighbourhood. Now that you’re older, you decide who your friends are and what groups you spend time with.

Your friends — your peers, are people your age, or close to it, who you interact with. You meet your friends at school, in school clubs, in your sport team and in your neighbourhood. They have often had experiences similar to your own, and may also share your interests. You probably feel strongly connected to them. You and your friends make many decisions every day, and you influence each other's choices and behaviours. This is often positive. It is human nature to listen to and learn from other people in your age group. As you become more independent from your parents, your peers naturally play a greater role in your life. School, and after school activities take you away from home; you may spend more time with your peers than you do with your parents and siblings. You will probably develop

close friendships with some of your peers, and you may feel so connected to them that they are like an extended family to you. Besides close friends, your peers include other adolescents you know, who are close to your age. These may be peers in your sports team, your community or peers in a neighbouring school or other places you frequently go to. These peers also influence you by the way they dress and act, things they are involved in, and the attitudes they show. It is natural for people to identify with and compare themselves to their peers, as they consider how they wish to be (or think they should be), or what they want to achieve. People are influenced by peers because they want to fit in, or be like peers they admire, do what others are doing, or have items others have.

Peer influence isn't all bad You already know that your teen years can be challenging. You are figuring out who you are, what your values are, what you are good at, what your responsibilities are, and what your place in the world is going to be. It is comforting to face those challenges with friends who share similar interests to you. But you probably hear teachers and parents talk about peer pressure, and what you hear about peer pressure does not match the feeling of comfort your friends give you. So, what is peer pressure, you may wonder. Peers have a profoundly positive influence on each other and play important roles in each other’s lives:

• Friendship. Among peers you can find friendship and acceptance. You can share experiences that can build lasting bonds. • Positive examples. Peers set plenty of good examples for each other. Having peers who are committed to doing well in school or to doing their best in a sport can influence you to be more goal-oriented, too. Peers who are kind and loyal influence you to build these qualities in yourself. Even peers you have never met can be role models! For example, watching someone your age give a great dance performance, compete in a sporting competition, play a part in a drama, or take lead on a community project might inspire you to go after a dream of your own or to do something positive for your community. • Feedback and advice. Your friends listen and give you feedback as you try out new ideas and discuss problems. Peers can help you make decisions, too: what school to choose, whether to accept a marriage proposal, or how to handle a family argument. Peers often give each other good advice. Your friends will be quick to tell you when they think you are making a mistake or doing something risky. • Socializing. Your peer group gives you opportunities to try out new social skills. Getting to know lots of different people — such as classmates or teammates — gives you a chance to learn how to expand your circle of friends, build relationships, and work out differences. You may have peers you agree or disagree with, compete with, or cooperate with, peers you admire, and peers you don’t want to be like at all. • Encouragement. Peers encourage you to work hard to get to the school of your dreams, help you study, listen and support you when you are upset or troubled, and empathize with you when they have experienced similar difficulties.

• New experiences. Your peers might get you involved in clubs, sports, or other groups. Your world would be far less rich without peers to encourage you try things for the first time, read a book, or to offer moral support when you are passing exams.

When the Pressure is On Peer pressure can influence a person to do something that is relatively harmless or something that has serious consequences. Giving in to the pressure to dress a certain way can be relatively harmless, but trying a drug because your peers pressured you to do so can have major consequences. Sometimes though, the stress in your life can come from your peers. They may pressure you into doing something you are not comfortable with, such as smoking, trying alcohol or drugs, dating before you feel ready. This pressure may be expressed openly through sentences like: “Oh, try it, it’s only one cigarette, everyone else is having one”. It can also be expressed a bit more indirectly; for example, by making the cigarettes available. Most peer pressure is hard to define. Sometimes a group can make subtle signals without saying anything at all. They may give you certain looks when you dress in a particular way. They may skip lessons and expect you to join them. They may speak in a particular way and expect you to copy that way. They may pressure you to win their acceptance and approval by doing what they are doing. The pressure to do what others are doing is the pressure to conform. That pressure can be powerful and hard to resist. A person might feel pressure to do something just because others are doing it or say they are doing it. People may feel pressure to conform so they fit in or are accepted, or so they don’t feel left out or uncomfortable. When

The photo shows secondary school learners, wearing their uniforms and interacting in a classroom.

people are unsure of what to do in a social situation, they naturally look to others for cues about what is and isn’t acceptable. The people who are less confident will follow someone else’s lead first. Then others may join too, so it can be easy to think: “It must be OK. Everyone else is doing it. They must know what they are doing.” Before you realise, you may follow your peers and their choices and take a decision you would not otherwise take. Responding to peer pressure is part of human nature, but some people are more likely to give in, and others are better able to resist and stand their ground. People with low self-esteem and confidence and those who tend to follow rather than to lead could be more likely to seek their peers’ approval, by confirming and accepting risky behaviours. People who have experienced traumatic events, people who are new to the group, or who have not been exposed to peer pressure before may also be more likely to be influenced. Using alcohol or drugs increases everyone’s chances of giving in to peer pressure. Substance abuse impairs judgment and interferes with the ability to make good decisions.

Pressure Pointers Nearly all adolescents end up in a peer pressure situation at some point. No matter how wisely you choose your friends, or how well you think you know them, sooner or later you will have to make decisions that are difficult and could be unpopular. It may be something as simple as resisting the pressure to pass by the market on the way to or from school and becoming late. Or it may mean deciding to take a stand against a bully that can lead to your group rejecting you. Peer pressure situations can be opportunities to reflect and understand what is right for you.

It takes courage to stand up against peer pressure. Your courage! How can you stand against peer pressure? Listen to your instinct. If you feel uncomfortable, even if your friends seem to be OK with the situation, it means that something about the situation you are in is wrong for you. This kind of decision-making is part of becoming self-reliant and learning more about who you are. If it does not feel right to you, do not do it! Listen to your instinct. Plan and prepare for peer pressure situations. Think about situations that may happen to you. For example, someone offers you alcohol, what will you do? What will you say? How will you let the person know that when you say no, your “No! Means no!” and that it is your final answer? Decide ahead of time and rehearse various situations. Decide what you will say and do. Arrange a code phrase you can use with your friend to help you get out of a situation without losing face with your peers. You might say to your friend a phrase that will let your friend or a sibling know that you are uncomfortable and you need some support. Learn to feel comfortable saying “no”. With your real friends you will never need to find an excuse to refuse something. Your real friends will accept your “no” as an answer and they will understand that you are not comfortable doing something or trying something, but others may put pressure on you. Think of some expressions you can use in these situations. For example, “No thanks, I don’t use alcohol. I’ve heard of a guy who used too much of it and ended up falling in the river and being eaten by a crocodile. I don’t want to be a victim of alcohol like him”. Choose your friends wisely. Choose friends who will speak up for you when you’re in need of moral support. Be quick to speak up for your friend in the same way. If your instinct tells you that the situation is not right, chances are others hear it too. Having one other person stand with you against peer pressure makes it much easier to resist. If a situation seems dangerous, get an adult’s help.

It’s not always easy to resist negative peer pressure, but when you do, it is easy to feel good about it afterwards. You may even become a positive influence on your peers. Often it takes just one person to speak up or take a different action to change a situation. Your friends may follow if you have the courage to do something different or refuse to join a group who is doing something not quite right. Consider yourself a leader and know that you have the potential to make a positive difference. Here are some real-life examples of peer pressure experienced by youth in South Sudan:

Esther, 17 “When I was in P6 all my friends had boyfriends. I didn’t, but when a boy from P8 approached me, I accepted because all my friends could talk about their boyfriends and discuss the love letters sent by their boyfriends. I did not want to be left out, so I accepted a boyfriend that I was not even interested in.” Peter, 19 “I love football. We play football every evening and we have a club. One of our club members used to come with genafar (a type of alcohol). After playing he would take some sips. He always used to share and let us sip from his bottle. To me it was bitter and not good, but when I saw all my friends take eventually, I started taking too. This is how I started drinking.”

John, 18 “At first, I didn’t have a phone. I was not even that interested as I knew this would interrupt my studies. But a time came when everyone else had a phone in our class. I felt left out, I asked my parents to buy me a smart phone and they said they didn’t have the money. I asked my uncle, but he said he has no money and that it was not right for me to have a phone. So… I stole money just to have phone like anyone else in class.”

Monica, 15 “I was a quiet girl. I didn’t have that many friends. I had lots of housework, so I was just coming to school and then going home to

take care of my responsibilities. Then one friend from school asked me whether I would join her in her basketball club. I like basketball, but I also had lots of housework. My friend encouraged me to think about it and ask my mom whether I could join the basketball club. I thought that my mom would refuse, but she agreed. I was actually excited before going for my first practice. I enjoyed playing a lot. Now the girls from the club are my friends, and I am no longer a quiet, shy girl. I can now speak-up.”

Nyariak, 16 “Our school runs a journalist club. One time someone from the Ministry came to ask for students from the journalist club to write pretend news for an event on education. The members of the club wrote the script for the news and during the event they presented the news as if they were reporting in the radio. They were so smart, funny and were so well presented that I really wanted to join them. I asked whether I could join them, and they agreed. Now I am part of the journalist club in my school.” Remember that you are important! Your life counts, and you can make a positive difference in your community. Make good decisions, and if something does not feel right, do not do it! If you ever need to talk about peer pressure or anything else, feel free to get in touch with the GESS Mentoring Assistant or call a free toll number 623. We’re here for you.

They Greened-up the Economy Climate change and environmental degradation are amongst the greatest challenges of our times and ultimately contribute to reduced productivity, jobs losses and increased inequality. Effects of the climate crisis fall disproportionately and profoundly on the most vulnerable, including young people. By contrast, climate action and the shift to a green economy have the potential to create more and better-quality jobs. Both adaptation to climate change and measures to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions offer opportunities to create new jobs, while securing or transforming existing ones. So what is a green economy? The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) defines a green economy as low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive. In a green economy, growth in employment and income are driven by public and private investment into such economic activities, infrastructure and assets that

allow reduced carbon emissions and pollution, enhanced energy and resource efficiency, and prevention of the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Millions of jobs may be created by transitioning to sustainable energy sources and a circular economy scenario. The green or environmental jobs, those aimed at protecting and promoting the environment, or those which consider their impact on the health of the planet at all times and endeavour to minimise it, can include posts aimed at increasing more efficient energy production and consumption, minimising waste and contamination, limiting greenhouse gas emissions, protecting and restoring ecosystems and contributing to adaptation to climate change.

Here are entrepreneurs who are creating jobs, while saving the planet: Andrew Mupuya from Uganda proved that necessity is the mother of inventions. The award-winning entrepreneur was barely 16 when he founded Youth Entrepreneurial Link Investments (YELI). This was in 2008 when both of his parents had lost their jobs and could only afford to pay his school fees, so Andrew had to fend for his own basic needs. He decided to start a small business. However, he did not have any starting capital, so he started collecting used plastic bottles and plastics bags, which he sold to retail shops and recycling plants. During that time, the Ugandan government had just announced its intention to ban the use of plastic bags, and from his many rounds to the local shops, he realised that the demand for plastic bags had gone down and they were looking for alternative packaging bags. He took that as an opportunity and decided to produce paper bags. To start this, he needed a starting capital

of 36,000 Ugandan shillings ($14 at that time). He already had $11 from selling 70 kilograms of used plastic bottles collected in a week. Andrew borrowed the remaining $3 from his teacher and set up his small company producing handmade paper bags. The business has grown exponentially, producing over 20,000 paper bags each week, and employing over 20 people. He has over 70 clients including restaurants, retail stores, medical centres, and multinational companies like Samsung. The “Paper King,” or the “Paper Bag Emperor,” as he is commonly referred to, has received many accolades and won various awards for his noble idea. In 2012, he was the winner of the Anzisha Prize of $30,000, which is a prestigious award given to young African entrepreneurs who have developed and implemented innovative solutions to social challenges or started successful businesses within their communities.

The photo shows Andrew Mupuya presenting the paper bags he produces in answer to the demand in Uganda after plastic bags were banned. Paper bags are biodegradable, which means they do not have the profound impact on environment in the way plastic bags do. The best option is always to use a reusable kitenge bag or a basket.

Lorna Rutto is a young Kenyan ‘Eco-preneur’ and founder of EcoPost, a social enterprise that gives an alternative waste management solution to one of Kenya’s huge waste problem – plastics. EcoPost collects plastic wastes and manufactures commercially viable, highly durable, and, importantly, environmentally-friendly fencing posts that are used widely across Kenya. These posts are used in houses and forest reserves to fence the properties, and they are getting increasingly popular. Every month, EcoPost uses approximately 20 tonnes of plastic waste, utilising plastic to make a product that saves trees. Lorna, who holds a Bachelor of Commerce Degree in Accounting, quit her job with

a bank in 2009 to pursue a career in waste management. EcoPost sources its raw material from garbage bins and dump sites in Nairobi. Her venture has not only provided Kenya with a commercial and environmental alternative to timber but has also created over 300 jobs with over $150,000 annual revenue. The business has made over 10,000 posts which have helped save over 250 acres of forests, which would have been otherwise cut down for timber to be used in construction work around the country. This innovation has helped take over 1 million kilograms of plastic waste from the environment and this has won her various awards and accolades both at home and abroad.

The photo shows Lorna Rutto in her production plant. Lorna and her company recycle plastic waste to produce fencing. By collecting plastic waste, Lorna’s company helps clean up her community and turns rubbish into money.

The photo shows an art piece made of recycled materials created by artisans from the Wonder Workshop in Tanzania. Persons with disabilities are trained and employed by the Wonder Workshop to make attractive sculptures out of recycled waste.

Seif Chengibela and Shukuru Lindunga proved that saving the planet from waste can inspire art and provide income for people with disabilities. The pair deal in metal sculptures made from recycled materials, set up a sculpturing project and opened an art gallery in Tanzania. Equipped with knowledge and experience they had acquired from the Wonder Workshop, a Non-Governmental Organization that works with persons with disabilities, both Lindunga and Chengibela realized that disability was not inability and that they had what it takes to be their own bosses and help to clean-up the country from waste. “We are set to make stylish and salutary merchandise so as to win the market,” says Shukuru, adding that the recycled materials are used to sculpt models of zebra, crocodiles and many other products depending on the market demand. The art gallery founders note that they utilize unused spare parts and scrap metal like nuts and bolts to beautify

their products thanks to their nurtured talents and creativity. Shukuru and Seif’s enterprise has managed to employ over ten workers who also have physical disabilities. “We have a talented team of craftsmen and designers who are from across the country. Quality is our utmost concern, a move that sees customers flocking to purchase our products.” Seif says through the artwork he has managed to build his own house and send his children to school. He calls upon members of the society who are physically challenged to work hard in a bid to realize their unlocked potential. “Most people think that being physically disabled is a condemnation to a life of begging and suffering. I advise fellow comrades to take up the challenge and unlock their potential.” For me and Shukuru, the calling is to clean up our country from waste, turn it into art and present it to the market.

The photo shows Thato Kgatlhanye and Rea Ngwane from South Africa who turn plastic waste into backpacks. They include a small solar panel in the design of the backpack which turns the bag into a battery used in the evening to charge lights used to do homework.

Repurpose Schoolbags is an innovative ‘green’ social start-up founded by two childhood friends and now business partners, Thato Kgatlhanye and Rea Ngwane from South Africa. The invention of these two entrepreneurs combines recycling, solar energy and education by making backpacks for school children. The backpacks are made from 100% recycled plastics and incorporate a solar panel that charges during the day while the child is walking to school. This, in turn, serves as a light source for the children to study and do their homework after dark. Furthermore, the bags have been designed with reflective strips as a safety measure to make the children visible when walking to school early i n th e morn in g . Th i s v en t u re cre ate s a solution to a problem facing rural and non-electrified parts of South Africa. Launched in 2014, Repurpose Schoolbags has grown, and today it employs eight full-time staff, six of whom are women.

They collect the plastics from landfill sites and also in local schools that run campaigns to get their students to bring in plastics to be upcycled. The plastics are then taken to their workshop where they are processed into textile, then sewn into bags and distributed. The workshop produces around 20 bags per day. This innovation has not only helped to reduce plastic waste and clean the environment, but it has also restored dignity to school children in rural areas who would have been using plastic bags to carry their books. It has also helped the children study at night as well as being visible in morning traffic. Recycling is the separation and collection of materials that otherwise would be considered waste, the processing and remanufacturing of these items into new products, and the use of the recycled products completes the cycle.

Electronic waste is one of Kenya’s environmental challenge and Cyrus Kabiru offers a solution to that challenge. The young Kenyan sculptor creates ingenious and outstanding spectacles famously known as C-Stunners from recycled electronic waste and objects he finds in the streets of Nairobi. Cyrus has managed to forge a unique path in the creative and fashion industry in Kenya by the different wearables he makes. C-Stunners are eyewear and have gained admiration from fashion and art lovers for the flamboyant designs which often cover the entire face. Cyrus got the desire from his childhood

fascination to own a pair of glasses. His work falls in various categories of art ranging from performance, through to sculpture and fashion. His products especially C-Stunners have become common among the youth who are often seen in the streets of Nairobi adorning Cyrus’s stunning C-Stunners made from electronic waste. At the moment he is working on a series that uses thousands of bottle caps sewn together to depict African culture. He has exhibited his work in various countries including the United Kingdom, the USA, Sweden, the Netherlands, Italy, Turkey and South Africa among others.

The photo is a portrait of a model wearing C-Stunners, fashionable eyewear which is made out of electronic waste by Cyrus Kabiru.

The photo shows bicycles made out of bamboo. The design was conceptualised by Bernice Dapaah in Ghana.

In Ghana, a decade ago, Bernice Dapaah founded the Ghana Bamboo Bikes Initiative (GBBI) a business tackling environmental, social and economic issues at once. Located in Kumasi in southern Ghana, GBBI employs about 50 workers, mostly women. It produces and sells handmade bicycles for between $150 and $300 per piece. “We have different types of bikes. We have the bikes suitable for men and those suitable for women. We also have mountain, road and city bikes, as well as cargo bikes that farmers use to carry goods.”

Annually, the company manufactured about 1,000 bikes. “Currently, the bikes are about 75% to 80% bamboo. The body is made of bamboo, but wheels and gears are the regular ones like in other bicycles.” Overall, Ms. Dapaah is glad that the business is not “just an environmental symbol. We are also cultivating bamboo to feed the industry. We are also creating a space for the carbon balance. That is what we are doing. We hope to do more in the future.”

When William Kamkwamba was 14, Malawi suffered a severe famine. His family could no longer pay his school fees, and he was forced to drop out of high school. While staying home, William remained curious and inventive and worked with the village librarian to stay engaged with his studies, especially science. Working from just one photo in a U.S. junior high school textbook book called “Using Energy,” he reasoned out how to build an electricity-producing windmill from spare parts and scrap, despite having no instructions. William’s inspiring story is told in his bestselling memoir The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, co-authored with Bryan Mealer, and in the film adaptation under the same title, directed by Chiwetel Ejiofor, which was awarded the Alfred P. Sloan Prize at the Sundance Film festival. Since its debut, William’s book has been published in two additional editions, a young readers version, and a children’s book. The autobiography has sold more than 1 million copies and been translated in nearly twenty languages worldwide.

After graduating from Dartmouth College in Environmental Studies, William began work as a Global Fellow for the design firm IDEO.org. William is an entrepreneur, TED Fellow, and has worked with the WiderNet Project to develop appropriate technologies curriculum focused on bridging the gap between “knowing” and “doing” for young people in Malawi and across the world. William is currently working full-time with the Moving Windmills Project to bring the Moving Windmills Innovation Centre to life in Kasungu, Malawi. Moving Windmills is founded on the principle of systemic transformation. “Sustainable development happens where basic needs are met, and people are given the grace, freedom, and support to fail and try again.” Moving Windmills envisions a future where talented youth design and co-create solutions that respond to real needs, from Malawi to the world.

The photo shows a windmill made by William to produce electricity in his village in Malawi.

Careers in Sports Behind every sport and sporting event is an entire support industry comprising professions as diverse as coaches, journalists, photographers, physiotherapists, match officials, nutritionists, therapists, marketers and administrators. Learn more about some of the careers you can choose if you are passionate about sports. Athlete Primary duties: An athlete (also sportsman or sportswoman) is a person who competes in one or more sports that involve physical strength, speed, and endurance. Athletes may be professionals or amateurs. Most professional athletes have particularly well-developed physiques obtained by extensive physical training and strict exercise accompanied by a strict dietary regime. South Sudanese athletes: Bol Bol (Basketball), Awak Kuier (Basketball), Olivia Doki (Basketball), Jimmi Just Augustine (Blind Footbal), Dominic Lokinyomo Lobalu (middle and long-distance runner), Rose Nathike Lokonyen (track and field), Lucia Moris (100 and 200 metre races).

The photo shows a team of basketball players, who move and play using wheelchairs.

Referee Primary duties: Sports referees are professionals who officiate competitive sports games. This position involves keeping track of time, judging infractions and deciding on penalties, monitoring the safety of players and ensuring that all players adhere to the rules. The photo shows a portrait of a professional football referee presenting a yellow card to a player.

In a dispute, the referee makes the ultimate decision. They enforce the rules of the sport, which may mean assigning penalties to teams. Their duties include signalling the start and end of games, stopping the game as necessary to review plays and inspecting equipment before a game begins. Their job includes traveling to sports events and working nights and weekends when games most often take place. South Sudanese referees: Elizabeth Silvestro (Basketball), Alier Michael James (Football), Joseph Madut (Basketball)

Sports psychologist Primary duties: Sports psychologists are mental health professionals who specialize in helping sportsmen and sportswomen achieve their top performance. They develop treatment courses to help sportsmen and sportswomen rehabilitate and rebuild mentally and emotionally after injuries. They also advise players about addressing anxiety and dealing with the pressure of competition. Sports psychologists often work for college or professional athletic teams, where they motivate players to do their best. Sport Managers Primary duties: Sport managers are responsible for the oversight of nearly all aspects of a sports program. This may include athletics training, providing resources for sportsmen and sportswomen’s education, ensuring team and coach compliance, even fostering interest for the team or club in the local communities. South Sudanese sport managers: Ismail Balanga (Football), Malesh Soro (Football)

Sports anchor Primary duties: A sports anchor is someone who discusses sports-related news on sports channels and news programs. While most anchors are familiar with a wide variety of sports, many focus on one sport. Depending on how popular the sports program is, the anchor may write their own script or they may read one that was written by the show's producers. Sports anchors are sometimes responsible for interviewing influential sports figures, sportsmen and sportswomen and coaches as part of their sports program. South Sudanese sports anchors: Kayanga John, Town Far, Fredo Flexie

Sports broadcaster Primary duties: Sports broadcasters, reporters or announcers provide live on-air coverage of sporting events, using various media outlets including television, radio and the internet. In addition to informing spectators of the moment-by-moment action on the field, these professionals also capture the atmosphere and excitement of events for digital viewers and listeners. Sports broadcasters may write and present news coverage on events, interview players, make predictions and research game and player statistics. South Sudanese sports broadcasters: Wani Kenyi, MC Juma, Kelly Awul Ezio

Sport writer and sport editor Primary duties: A sport writer or reporter is a journalist who writes about sporting events and expresses their opinion about all topics related to the game. They may write about the coaches, players, trades, drafts and predictions for how games will go. Sports writers create informative content for newspapers, websites, blogs and magazines. They may work as freelancers for themselves or write directly for a publishing company. A sports editor is a journalist who focuses on sports news. They assign and edit the work of sportswriters for newspapers, websites and magazines. Just like writers, editors may specialize in a particular sport or work in general sports that covers all kinds of sports and athletes. South Sudanese sport writers: Chany Ninrew, Obaj Akuj, Alex Bullen, Sheila Ponnie

Sports photographer Primary duties: A sports photographer captures images of athletes during games. They may take photos for the team or a news publication. Along with action shots, photographers also take pictures of fans and the enthusiasm in the arena. South Sudanese sport photographers: Kafuki Jada, Kelly Samir Bol

Nutritionist Primary duties: A nutritionist, also known as a “sports dietitian”, designs dietary plans for sportsmen and sportswomen. They may recommend vitamins and supplements to the player or advise them on how best to improve their health so they can reach optimal performance on the field or court.

Orthopaedist Primary duties: An orthopaedist works with athletes who are experiencing musculoskeletal injuries. Their work includes assessing and treating bones, tendons, ligaments and connective tissues so that the athlete can play without pain or limitations. An orthopaedic surgeon may be needed for more extensive injuries.

Personal trainer Primary duties: A personal trainer in sports works with sportsmen and sportswomen on a particular fitness program created specifically for that person. They help sportsmen and sportswomen meet their fitness goals by establishing specific workouts and routines. Personal trainers may work for teams or sportsmen and sportswomen who are recovering from an injury.

The photo shows a close-up of South Sudanese basketball players cheering each other in a bid to create the atmosphere and energy necessary to perform well in the game. The photo was taken by a professional sports photographer.

Physical therapist Primary duties: A physical therapist is a medical professional who helps patients with pain and mobility problems. Physical therapists often work closely with sportsmen and sportswomen to treat sports-related injuries. They may also develop a plan to prevent injuries. If an athlete is injured, the physical therapist provides rehabilitation to help them get back to peak physical condition. Using different therapies and methods, they develop treatment plans and oversee the rehabilitation process. These professionals strive to help athletes move freely, reduce pain and prevent additional injuries. Physical therapists often work in training facilities, where they collaborate with physicians, trainers and coaches. Those who work with sports teams are typically present on game days, evaluating injured players and helping them get back on the field.

Sports massage therapist Primary duties: A sports massage therapist provides rehabilitation to the sore muscles of athlete sportsmen and sportswomen by offering deep tissue massage. Their work relieves pain, prevents further injury, increases flexibility and eases knots formed by lactic acid. They are also experts in suggesting techniques that could restore a patient’s health after an injury using customized rehabilitation programs. Sports massage therapists usually work with sportsmen and sportswomen who have a highperformance rate and require muscle conditioning.

Sports medicine physician Primary duties: A sports physician treats sportsmen and sportswomen suffering from a sports injury. They may work with sportsmen and sportswomen on an ongoing basis or respond to an emergency if a player gets injured during a game. Sports physicians treat sprains, concussions, fractures and other injuries to body parts, like the shoulders, hands and feet. They use tests to diagnose patients’ illnesses and injuries and develop treatment plans for patient rehabilitation. They also advise patients about health, nutrition and exercise. Sports physicians may work for professional teams or treat individual sportsmen and sportswomen.

A sports massage therapist provides rehabilitation to the sore muscles of athlete sportsmen and sportswomen by offering deep tissue massage. 70

The photo shows the South Sudanese female basketball team in their basketball outfits, cheering on their team mates. The photo also focuses on the coach who helps the players grow their athletic abilities and puts strategies in place to help them win the game.

Athletic coach Primary duties: An athletics coach works with sportsmen and sportswomen or teams to help players grow their skills and abilities in their chosen sport. They may work with amateur, high school, college or professional teams. Coaches and their assistants are responsible for motivating their teams to perform their best. They monitor competitors and develop strategies to help a team win. Coaches and assistants create training schedules, advise about practice methods and assess players' physical and mental well-being, and provide support as necessary. South Sudanese athletic coaches: Shirlene Booysen (Football), Simon Madol Akol (Blind football), Luol Deng (Basketball), Susana Awal (Basketball), Marna Paul Puk (Volleyball), Majok Jokriir (Wrestling).

Physical therapists often work closely with sportsmen and sportswomen to treat sports-related injuries. They may also develop a plan to prevent injuries. 71

I am Darlia, a Young Girl from Juba And This is my Story

Hi, I am Darlia. I am a learner at Juba Day Secondary School and I am in Senior 3, the Arts section. I want to become a journalist. I am just an ordinary teenager. I live with my parents, and I feel very loved, especially by my father.

I want to share with you what I experienced when I was 12, and by sharing this story I hope that other girls of that age will feel supported and will not feel confused as I did. My family follows different religions. My mother follows Christianity and my father follows Islam. I too follow Islam. One day my mother and other siblings went to

church and I stayed at home. While sitting on a chair I realised that the chair got wet. I also realised that my skirt was wet. I was not sure what happened, but I dried the chair, and I went to change my clothes. After changing I realised that they were again wet. I was puzzled and I was feeling confused. I cannot see, so I was not fully sure where that wetness was coming from. I also realised that it was not water

but blood. I was very worried and unsure because I did not have any injuries, but there was blood on my clothes.

received through the South Sudan Woman with Disability Network, but I did not know how to use it.

My auntie passed by and she noticed my worry and she also noticed the blood. She asked me whether this had happened to me before and I said “no”, because it was the first time I was experiencing something like this. My auntie told me to change my clothes, but she did not tell me anything more.

In the Rajaf Educational Centre for the Blind there is an Eye Clinic and the staff working there are very friendly and accustomed to people who cannot see. A lady working in the Eye Clinic asked me how I was, and I shared my experience about menstruation with her. I told her that I had a dignity kit, but I did not know how to use it. She showed me how to use it. Since that time, I am better. I understand what menstruation is, I know how to manage it. Sometimes it is difficult for me to get access to menstrual products as they are costly and the money at home is in short supply; but my father tries his best to provide as much as he can.

I did not share this experience with anyone. Later I went to sleep and in the morning I prepared to go to school. At the time I was studying at the Rajaf Educational Centre for the Blind. At school the same thing happened, and I really got upset. I did not know what to do, so I just took some Braille papers and sat on them. After a while I felt that the wetness was increasing, so I took permission and went home. I stayed at home for a week until this wetness stopped. While I was at home, a teacher from our school was informed about my situation by a nearby restaurant owner. The restaurant owner told the teacher that she saw me going home with stains on my clothes. When I came back to school the next week, the teacher, Miss Roda, called me and asked me whether I know about menstruation. I said “no”. At the time I did not even know the word “menstruation”. Miss Roda told me about menstruation and that it was normal for every girl to have it. She told me that it would appear once a month and last between 3 and 7 days. She told me that I could use sanitary pads, disposable or reusable, to catch the blood and prevent my clothes from being stained. Miss Roda also gave me a dignity kit, which she normally

What I really want to share is that for girls with disabilities menstruation can be very difficult. Not all families are supportive of children with disabilities and their needs are not always met. Also, girls with disabilities are not always told about menstruation and how to manage it. In many schools our toilets are not really suitable for persons with disabilities, some don’t even have proper doors or any shelf to put your things on; some you cannot even enter if you are using crutches or a wheelchair, so that is another issue. I call on all School Management Committees in primary schools, and Boards of Governors in secondary schools, to consider all girls, but especially girls with disabilities, and to build at least one toilet which is easily accessible for anyone, especially girls using crutches and wheelchairs, and practical enough, where you can put your sanitary products on a clean shelf and use the toilet hygienically.

Environmental Value of African Art Artists from all over Africa use a variety of materials to create their art pieces. Many artists use disposed-of and junk items to turn them into breath taking items sold in galleries all over the world. Others create functional craft sold on local markets. In both art and craft, the concept of ‘upcycling’ is applied to give new life to garbage, to create new artistic and environmental value, and to create jobs. Johnson Zuze, a visual artist living and working in Harare, Zimbabwe creates startling forms from cast away material found in his native Chitungwiza, highlighting aspects of consumption-based community and societal ironies that are the fabric of township life. Take a look at his “Beautiful struggle” piece from his “Life is a struggle” collection.

Life’s a beautiful struggle. People search through rubble for A suitable hustle, Some people usin’ the noodle, Some people usin’ the muscle Some people put it all together, Make it fit like a puzzle.

The photo shows a sculpture titled “Beautiful struggle”. The sculpture is made out of waste. This form of art helps to remove waste from our communities and is used to inspire creativity.

The photo shows an art piece made out of waste.

Duhirwe Rushemeza, a female artist from Rwanda uses layers of thin-set mortar, concrete, acrylic house paint, wood and embedded metal detritus to create her artworks. She makes this assemblage process deliberately visible. She builds up the layers only to sand and carve them away again, revealing the painted patterns and the collected, 'found' objects. Her work pays homage to two disparate histories: the crumbling, colonial, Ghanaian and Ivorian buildings she visited in her youth, and the rigid and graphically striking paintings of strong Rwandan child survivors. She paints this way to engage her viewers in topical subjects like human displacement, cultural adaptation and personal and material memories.

Calixte Dakpogan is an artist from Benin. Much of his work is inspired by his Voudon heritage, and more specifically, his family affiliation with Ogun, the God of Iron. He transforms waste products and found materials into masks. What materials can you see used in his art pieces? Are you able to

notice pencils, combs, car parts, broken jerricans, and a variety of other materials collaged together to form figurative works and abstract assemblages? This creative artist considers his appr opr iation of th e se obje c ts a symbolic act of renewal and hope.

The photos below and on the next page show masks made out of waste by the artist Calixte Dakpogan. The art pieces are inspired by his heritage and respond to the challenge of growing waste. Through his work, the artist shows that the waste can be successfully removed from our communities and used to inspire and promote our heritage.

The photo shows an art piece called “Small sunflower”, which is yet another example of using waste to create art.

Olu Amoda from Nigeria is an internationally recognised sculptor, muralist, furniture designer and multi-media artist, always visible at major art fairs and attending workshops around the continent. He describes his art as “re-purposed material art”. In his art piece “Small sunflower” he has used spoons and other discarded objects to create a version of sunflower in a highly unusual and technically skilful manner.

Benon Lutaaya, holding a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) from the Kyambogo University in Kampala, is currently based in South Africa. Lutaaya finds inspiration in his own autobiographical life experiences – identity, child hardship, homelessness, isolation and fear. His work depicts vulnerability and suggests a longing for protection. “The subjects I depict in my works are often my personal life encounters and experiences with homeless, abused children, yet they are a reflection of my own identity. The use of my own eyes in most of my portraits symbolises my wish for these kids to see the world as I do. On the other hand, it also symbolises me, forming part of the subjects I choose to depict. A lot of my works are self-portraits in which I explore the construction of my own identity.”

pay homeless children to collect waste paper for me in return for small change – thus recycling waste paper. These children formed part of my process, just as I combine elements of them and myself in my constructed portraits.” All of the artists featured above teach us that there is no end to the choice of objects to recycle, reprocess and convert into something new. It can be a sculpture, a mobile, a wall hanging, an item of furniture, a bag, a sheet of paper, a light, a piece of jewellery, a fashion item or artwork on canvas.

Lutaaya composes numerous portraits, often referenced from photos, which he feels distorts and constructs reality. He recycles paper and other materials as essential ingredients of his creative process.

Recycled materials can come from vehicles, trains, engines, bicycles, workshop tools, garage hardware, plumbing components, inner tyre-tubes, fuel and oil containers and electronic devices. Drinking cans and straws, food tins and cartons, fabric pieces, scissors, cotton reels, toys, anything plastic, kitchenware, glassware and pottery can also be used. So too, natural objects like feathers, shells, quills and musical items like tapes, film, cassettes. The list is inexhaustible!

“I construct these portraits from a few photographic images and from memory. The photographic images are merely references as I add my own realities, emotions, twists, movement and angles when constructing images. When I first started working as an artist in Uganda, without resources to buy paints, I used to

Found objects can be used just as they are, or they can be altered and adapted to suit the artist’s intentions. They can be cut up, broken down, broken apart, refashioned, stuck, glued, melted, welded, tied, hung, hooked, painted or nailed. A multitude of applications can be used to turn them into something else.

The photo shows the art piece by Benon Lutaaya who makes portraits of people, most often children. He uses waste to make his art pieces.

Make your own art piece

The photo shows a smiling school girl in a school compound.

Do you have an idea for something you want to create? Maybe it is to express how you feel; or to speak about an issue; or just something you find interesting or beautiful. Start brainstorming your ideas. Or maybe you don’t have any specific ideas yet, but you know about some junk materials that you like the look of and which you would be interested in making into art. Collect these! Perhaps you have a skill that you know you can use for your art piece, like woodwork or welding, or someone you know who can teach you. Build on this! However you start, just start. Once you begin thinking about your art piece – whether it is the idea for what you want to show, the materials you want to use, or the skills you will need – it will take you on a journey that you cannot predict. The important thing is to have fun and to be inspired! It will have an added value if your art has a positive impact on environment. If you are not sure how to start, try to follow the steps below:

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Collect any old paper that you can find – this could include cardboard, cartons and packets, newspaper, magazines

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Find an image that you like – maybe it is an image in the real world, or maybe it is a photograph

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Mix up some glue by adding flour and water together – it should be a runny mix but not too thin

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Find a large piece of paper or cardboard and start to design your collage to copy the image you have chosen, using the different pieces of paper garbage you have collected

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Maybe your collage is not an exact copy but zooms in on one thing you like about the picture; maybe you have chosen a specific colour to do the whole picture; maybe you have cut your big sheet of paper/ cardboard into a strange shape first

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Anything you do is fine because it is your own art piece and your own expression! Remember to have fun!

Let’s Talk! Menstruation Questions about menstrual health and hygiene. Have you ever wondered what Menstruation is and how does it happen? Almost every woman or girl you know will experience regular or monthly menstruation, but did you know that the actual week of menstruation is part of monthly cycle that has many more stages and symptoms? This is known as the Menstruation Cycle. What is the menstrual cycle?

The menstrual cycle is a reoccurring biological process that happens to all women, girls and people with a uterus. This includes women from all backgrounds including individuals with disabilities. A menstrual cycle begins with the first day of your period, or menstruation, and starts over again when the next period begins. Throughout a monthly menstrual cycle, your body makes different amounts of chemicals called hormones. These changing hormone levels can cause menstrual symptoms such as abdominal or pelvic cramping, lower back pain, bloating and sore breasts, food cravings, mood swings and irritability, headache and/or fatigue. Menstrual cycles often change as a woman gets older. For many, their cycle lasts between 23 and 35 days, but this can differ from person to person. If you are worried about whether your cycle is too long or too short, please seek out medical advice.

What is menstruation? Menstruation happens to women, girls and people with a womb and a vagina. It is also often called a period. In the womb, the endometrium lines the wall like a cushion and thickens (like a nest). When hormones levels drop, the endometrium lining is shed and passes through the vagina as a bloody substance. Day 1 of the bleeding is day 1 of the menstrual cycle; the bleeding can last from 3-7 days on average and the whole cycle up to the next period can last between 23 and 35 days on average. Each time the cycle begins, hormone levels begin to increase again, the endometrium recovers and thickens again, and an egg is released by the ovary (which is called ovulation). All women and people with a uterus are born with all the eggs they will ever have! While the egg is developing, the uterus starts preparing for it by building up its lining with extra blood and tissue (a bit like making a 'nest'). If the egg is fertilised by sperm, then the 'nest' will protect and nourish the fertilized egg as it grows into a foetus. If the egg is not fertilised by sperm within a few hours of leaving the ovary, then it will disintegrate. The extra blood and tissue that was developed flows out of the uterus and vagina. This is called menstruation. Menstruation usually lasts around 3 to 7 days. About two weeks after menstruation started, another egg leaves the ovary and the whole process starts again. This menstrual 'cycle' usually takes 28 days, but it can be a little longer or shorter.

The illustration shows the menstrual cycle.

Fallopian tube

Ovary

Uterus Endometrium Cervix Vagina

Vulva

When does the menstruation start? Menstruation starts at different ages for different people. For some it may start when they are 9 years old, and for others it may start at 17 or 18. Usually it starts between 11 and 12.

If a person with a uterus is 18 and has not experienced menstruation yet, they should consider seeing a doctor, just in case there is a problem.

In the first years after a person starts menstruation, it may not be very regular, which means that in the first months it might happen more or less often than once a month. Some people experience light bleeding, while others experience heavier bleeding. Some people might notice other changes in their body during the menstrual cycle, including for example cramps in their abdomen, and sore breasts. Because of changes in hormone levels, menstruation may also affect emotions and can lead to individuals feeling low, short-tempered and tired. Everyone is different, but over time individuals will get to know what the unique characteristics of their menstrual cycle are.

If you experience severe symptoms of your period, for example very heavy flow or pain that stops you from participating in your daily routine, see a doctor. The doctor specialising in diagnosing and treatment of issues with female reproductive organs is called a gynaecologist.

How will I know when my periods are going to start? Good question. Some of the signs that periods will start for you soon are growth of underarm and pubic hair. Typically, girls start their periods about 2 years after their breasts start growing. The average girl will get her first period around 11-12 years old, but, as already mentioned, it varies from person to person.

Hair growth under arms

The illustration shows a teenage girl who looks puzzled by the appearance of hair in her armpits and legs. Pubic and underarm hair are some of the signs of changes happening in the body during adolescence.

How do I get ready for my first period? Your period can come at any time of the day or night and it is often hard to predict when the first one will come exactly. This is why it is a good idea to start regularly carrying sanitary pads or other menstrual products with you. This way, when the period comes you will be prepared to manage it. If you find yourself at school without a menstrual product, ask a teacher or the Head Girl to give you some. If they don’t have any and you have an older sister in school, or an older friend at school, it is very likely that they will carry some products with them. Ask them to help you. All girls go through the same, so they will understand.

How long will my first period last? It is hard to tell how long your first period will last as your body is still developing. For some people the first period is very short – a couple of days, for others it may be longer. As a general rule, once the periods are regular, you will have a period every 23 to 35 days and it will last between 3 and 7 days.

What if my period blood leaks through my clothes? Don’t worry, it can happen to anyone and you will find that it has happened to many of your friends. There are ways of covering up stains until you are able to change your clothes. You can wrap a sweater or kitenge around your waist. You can consider keeping a spare skirt in your bag. You can also speak with the Head Girl or a teacher and you can jointly create a changing room at the school where spare uniform can be kept just in case. But please remember, periods are a normal part of many people’s lives and there is nothing to be embarrassed about!

Is menstruation painful? It depends! Period pain is common and a normal part of menstrual cycle. Most people who menstruate get it at some point in their lives. It is usually felt as muscle cramps in the tummy, which can spread to the back and thighs. The pain sometimes comes in intense spasms, while at other times it may be dull but more constant. It may also vary with each period. Some periods may cause little or no discomfort, while others may be more painful. Period pain happens when the muscular wall of the womb contracts. Mild contractions continually occur in the womb, but they are usually so mild that most women cannot feel them. During the period, the wall of the womb starts to contract more vigorously to help the womb lining shed as part of the period. It is not known why some women have more period pain than others. Can period pain be caused by an underlying medical condition? Yes. While this is rare in younger people, period pain linked to an underlying medical condition can affect older women. Women aged 30 to 45 are most commonly affected. Medical conditions that can cause increased period pain include: • endometriosis – where cells that normally line the womb grow in other places, such as in the fallopian tubes and ovaries; these cells can cause intense pain when they shed; • fibroids – non-cancerous growths that can occur in or around the womb and can make the periods heavy and painful; • pelvic inflammatory disease – where the womb, fallopian tubes and ovaries become infected with bacteria, causing them to become severely inflamed; • adenomyosis – where the tissue that normally lines the womb starts to grow within the muscular womb wall, making the periods particularly painful. If you suspect any of these conditions, please seek medical advice immediately. How long does period pain last? Period pain usually starts when the bleeding begins, although some women have pain for a few days before the start of their period. The pain usually lasts 48 to 72 hours, although it can last longer. It is usually the worst when the bleeding is heaviest. Young girls often have period pain when they begin getting periods. Period pain that does not have an underlying cause tends to improve as a woman gets older.

Can you treat period pain? Yes. In most cases period pain is mild enough to treat at home. It has been shown that period pain can be reduced by having certain oils and fats in your diet. Eating healthy nuts and oils can therefore be preventative. During your period, some people find relief by trying the following techniques:

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exercise – you may not feel like exercising during a painful period, but being active may reduce pain; try some gentle exercise for example walking or stretching

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heat – putting a heat pad or hot water bottle (wrapped in a tea towel) on your tummy may help reduce pain and relax you.

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Wrapped hot water bottles

Hot water bottle placed on the tummy

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warm bath or shower – taking a warm bath or shower can relieve pain and help you relax

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massage – light, circular massage around your lower abdomen may also help reduce pain

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relaxation techniques – relaxing activities may help distract you from feelings of pain and discomfort

If the above techniques do not help you in managing pain, see your closest health practitioner to discuss medical options for managing your pain.

What are menstrual care products? There are some products that can be used to catch the blood as it leaves the uterus. The most common products available are reusable and disposable pads. There are other products that also help managing menstrual flow such as period panties, menstrual cups, tampons and panty liners.

The illustration above shows some of the typical menstrual hygiene management products such as sanitary pads, period pants, tampons and menstrual cups.

What are reusable pads? Reusable menstrual pads can be made using layers of fabric and are worn inside underwear to catch and absorb menstrual flow. It is essential that these are changed every five to six hours. After each use, the pads need to be washed with water and soap. Once they are washed, it is important to dry them completely because if they are damp, they may cause infection. The best place to dry them is in the sun. Once made, these pads can be reused for many years.

The illustration above shows reusable pads. In Issue 1 of the Teens ta Guwa, we included a guide on how to make a reusable pad.

What are disposable pads? Disposable sanitary pads are rectangular pieces of absorbent material worn in the underwear to absorb menstrual flow. Sometimes they have ‘wings’, pieces that fold around the underwear and/or have a sticky backing to hold the pad in place. These pads should be changed regularly, wrapped and thrown out after use. Sanitary pads come in many sizes and thicknesses – different people find different styles of sanitary pads most comfortable and effective for them. Sanitary pads must be changed about every four hours. The illustration shows disposable pads.

Disposable sanitary pads should be disposed safely. They should be wrapped and disposed in sanitary bins. You can wrap the disposable sanitary pads in toilet paper or old newspaper. While sanitary bins are not commonly found in South Sudan outside of offices, you can dispose them in the landfill waste. Remember to wrap them before disposing of them! What are period panties? Period panties, also known as menstrual underwear or period underwear. These panties look very similarly to ordinary underwear but are made of an absorbent fabric and are designed to catch the menstrual flow during menstruation. Like reusable pads, these panties require regular and thorough washing, and proper drying before re-use.

The illustration shows aunties explaining to a teenage girl what period panties are.

What are tampons? A tampon is a menstrual product designed to absorb blood and vaginal discharges by insertion into the vagina during menstruation. Unlike a pad or panties, it is placed inside of the vaginal canal. Once inserted correctly, a tampon is held in place by the vagina and expands as it soaks up menstrual blood. Tampons are designed with or without an applicator. The applicator helps to place the tampon in the vagina, but also produces more waste. Tampons come in various sizes, depending on their absorption capacity. They need to be regularly changed. Hands need to be washed with soap and warm water before and after inserting or removing tampons. Failure to change tampons regularly and ensuring hands are clean when doing so may lead to Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS), a rare but life-threatening condition caused by bacteria getting into the body and releasing harmful toxins.

The illustration shows tampons.

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), a rare but lifethreatening condition caused by bacteria getting into the body and releasing harmful toxins. To minimise the risk of TSS remember to change tampons regularly and wash your hands with soap and warm water before and after changing the tampon.

Can I use a tampon if I am a virgin? Yes! Any girl who has her period can use a tampon. Tampons work just as well for girls who are virgins as they do for girls who have had sex. And even though using a tampon can occasionally cause a girl's hymen to stretch or tear, it does not cause a girl to lose her virginity. Only having sex can cause a loss of virginity.

What are menstrual cups? A menstrual cup is a menstrual hygiene device which is inserted into the vagina during menstruation. Its purpose is to collect menstrual blood and discharge. Menstrual cups are usually made of flexible medical grade silicone, latex, or a thermoplastic isomer. They are shaped like a bell with a stem or a ring. The stem is used for insertion and removal, and the bell-shaped cup seals against the vaginal wall just below the cervix and collects menstrual fluid. Menstrual cups collect the menstrual fluid, which is different from menstrual pads, period panties and tampons which absorb the menstrual fluid.

The illustration shows menstrual cups.

Can I use a menstrual cup if I am a virgin? Yes! Any girl who has her period can use a menstrual cup as long as she is comfortable to do so. Using a menstrual cup does not cause a girl to lose her virginity. To use a cup (and a tampon) you need to have some maturity. You must remember to remove the menstrual cup every few hours, dispose the menstrual fluids captured by it and clean it in hot water before reusing it. You must remember to clean your hands with soap and water before removing the cup and after fitting it.

What are some of the other useful products during menstruation? Biker shorts Some girls, especially those who are using menstrual pads, enjoy wearing biker shorts for extra protection during menstruation. Biker shorts help keep the underwear in a fixed position which in turn helps to avoid movement of the menstrual pad and reduces the risk of an accidental leak.

The illustration shows biker shorts.

Pouch or a case Some girls find it useful to carry sanitary products, toilet paper, tissue and other hygiene products in a small pouch or a case. By keeping the products in a pouch or a case they keep these products secured from dust and other elements as well as keep them away from other people’s eyes, which helps them to maintain privacy. We show you how to make a pouch in “Do It Yourself” section.

The illustration shows period pouches.

Facts and myths related to menstruation

You can practice sport during menstruation This is true. There is no scientific or medical reason why you should skip any sports and workouts during your period. The physical and mental benefits of exercise don’t stop just because you have your period. In fact, sticking with a routine can often help ease some of the common complaints that accompany menstruation, such as pain and discomfort, fatigue and mood swings. Exercising during your period can increase your endorphin level (hormone that is responsible for elevating your mood), help you build strength, reduce pain and cramps. There is no reason why you should stop exercising during your period, however you could reduce intensity of it if you are feeling fatigued. You can fall pregnant if you have sex during menstruation This is true. A woman can get pregnant at any point of her cycle. Your menstruation can overlap with your ovulation. Sperm can also survive for up to 72 hours in the body after sex and washing cannot help to avoid pregnancy. Menstruation is experienced differently by different women This is true. Some women start menstruation when they are 9 years old, others when they are 18. For most women menstruation starts when they are between 11 and 12. Menstrual cycle can last between 23 and 35 days. For most women it lasts 28 days. Women experience the cycle differently and sometimes menstruation feels differently month on month, especially for girls and young women. Some women do not feel any discomfort related to menstruation, others do. Some women experience menstruation for 3 days, others for 7. For most women it lasts 5 days.

Menstruation is a sign of impurity This is a myth! Common menstruation myths include the idea that women are impure, dirty, or sinful while they’re menstruating. This is not true! You cannot bathe during menstruation This is a myth! Some women are discouraged from touching or washing their genitals during their periods to eliminate the possibility that they might contaminate the water of a communal bathing area. In reality, menstrual blood is the same as any other body fluid and bathing regularly prevents bacterial infections. You can and should bathe during menstruation. Using warm water for baths means you are a prostitute This is a myth! Regular bathing and using warm water is a good hygiene routine and helps you stay healthy and clean. You can and should bathe regularly and doing so does not mean you are a prostitute! Using warm water feels more comfortable for some girls and it has no meaning other than comfort. Your first period means you are ready for marriage This is a myth! No girl is ready for marriage or childbearing at the time of her first period. Girls can begin menstruating as young as 9 years old or as late as 17 or 18 years old. Either way, child and forced marriage is a human rights abuse that often prevents girls from attending school or marrying the person of their choice. Child brides are at a much higher risk for early pregnancy than their unmarried counterparts. These girls are more likely to drop out of school, which limits their ability to reach their full potential. Young mothers are twice as likely as other women to experience pregnancy and childbirth complications. Their bodies, though menstruating, have not fully developed to the point where they can carry a baby. In fact, pregnancy and childbirth complications are the leading cause of death for teenage girls around the world.

Our School Radio Programme

Our school has a 15-minute innovative radio programme which tells the stories of South Sudanese youth and their families, as they face the daily challenges of going to school and trying to avoid absence. It is hosted by a young presenter who takes the audience on a journey through the positive and negative real-life experiences of learners and their families, as they overcome barriers to education. The programme reflects on how the life circumstances and choices of the learners and their families impacts on their future.

The photo shows learners during a mentoring club, listening to “Our School” radio programme and discussing issues related to growing up.

“Our School” radio programme schedule: “Our School” Broadcast Station & Frequencies

Location of “Our School” Broadcast Station: Town

“Our School” Broadcast language

“Our School” Broadcast Day

“Our School” Broadcast Time

Miraya 101 FM

UNMISS -Juba, Nationwide

Juba Arabic

Tuesday

5:00 PM

Eye Radio 98.6 FM

Juba – nationwide

Juba Arabic

Saturday

8:00 AM

Weerbei FM 99.9FM

Wanyjok, Aweil East

Dinka Aweil

Thursday

8:00 PM

Tuesday (week1)

9:00 AM

Friday (week2)

8:00 PM

Grace FM 90.5 FM

Torit

Juba Arabic

Sama FM 99.3 FM

Juba

Arabic and Bari

Thursday

7:30 PM

Amadi FM 93.8 FM

Maridi

Arabic

Thursday

6:30 PM

Voice of Peace and Reconciliation 98.4 FM

Bor

Dinka

Saturday

6:30 PM

Access Radio 88.8 FM

Yei

Arabic

Tuesday (week1)

7:30 AM

Bari

Saturday (week2)

6:00 PM

Yirol 88.8 FM

Yirol

Tuesday (week1)

7:30 AM

Saturday (week2)

6:00 PM

Tuesday (week1)

7:30 AM

Voice of Eastern Equatoria 97.5 FM

Torit

Abyei 102.3 FM

Abyei

Spirit 99.9 FM

Yei

Jonglei 95.9FM

Bor

Kuajok 99.0 FM

Dinka

Arabic

Saturday (week2)

8:30 AM

Arabic

Monday (week1)

6:30 PM

Dinka

Thursday (week2)

6:30 PM

Arabic

Thursday (week1)

5:20 PM

Bari

Thursday (week2)

5:20 PM

Dinka Lakes

Wednesday (week1)

3:00PM

Nuer

Wednesday (week2)

3:00PM

Kuajok

Dinka Aweil

Friday

6:00 PM

Yambio 90.0FM

Yambio

Zande

Tuesday (week1)

7:30 AM

Sunday (week2)

5:00 PM

NTC 97.3FM

Nimule

Arabic and Madi

Friday

7:00 PM

Internews -Kondial 97.2FM

PoC - Bentiu

Nuer

Internews- Jamjang 89.4FM

Ajoung - Unity

Juba Arabic

Friday

7:15 PM

Internews- Nile FM 98.0FM

PoC Malakal

Shilluk

Sunday (week1)

8:30 AM

Arabic

Sunday (week2)

8:30 PM

Maridi 88.9FM

Maridi

Juba Arabic

Thursday

6:30 PM

Rumbek 98.0FM

Rumbek

Dinka Lakes

Friday

7:15 PM

The Community Radio -Mingkaman 100FM

Mingkaman

Dinka Lakes

Friday

7:22 PM

The Community Radio Mayardit 90.7FM

Turali

Dinka Lakes

Friday

7:22 PM

The Community Radio - Singita 88.3FM

Kapoeta

Taposa, Juba Arabic

Friday

7:22 PM

Juba Arabic

Wednesday (week1)

8:00 PM

Pibor FM 90.3

Pibor

Murle

Monday (week1) Tuesdays (week2)

Wednesday (week2) Tuesday

Voice of Freedom Magwi 93.0 FM

Magwi

Juba Arabic

Tuesday (week1) Saturday (week2)

2:30 PM

8:00 PM

8:15 AM 3:30 PM 5:00 PM

Ako’o 99.9 FM - Every Village

Mvolo

Juba Arabic

Monday

7:00 PM

Door 99.9 FM – every village

Tonj South

Dinka Lakes

Saturday

7:00 PM

Girls’ Education South Sudan (GESS) is a programme that aims to transform the lives of a generation of children in South Sudan – especially girls and those in the margins of society – through education. The programme is being implemented in all ten states of South Sudan, reaching around 6,000 not-for-profit, government, faith-based and community schools across the country. GESS creates Our School radio programme, offers Cash Transfers to girls, Capitation Grants to schools, accelerated secondary education, training for SMC/BoG and education managers and mentoring programme for teens. It also conducts research in education to inform the design of the programme. The GESS activities support boys, girls and teachers, and improve the entire learning environment in schools. The GESS programme receives funding from UK aid from the UK Government, the Government of Canada through Global Affairs Canada, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and the European Union. The Ministry of General Education and Instruction (MoGEI) oversees the GESS programme. The GESS programme is implemented by a consortium of partners: Mott MacDonald, BBC Media Action, Montrose and Windle Trust International. It is also supported by ADRA, Africa Education Trust, CINA, HARD, MASS and Stromme Foundation.

For more information, you can go to our website: www.girlseducationsouthsudan.org Alternatively, you can find us on social media: Facebook: www.facebook.com/GirlsEdSS Twitter: @GirlsEdSS Come and join us online to tell us what you think about Teens Ta Guwa, or to share your story!