This presentation at UKFIET examines the role of non-state provision for early childhood through looking at recent research and practical implementation experience and draws lessons for future priorities. The first summarises and reflects on the findings of a recently completed USAID global Early Childhood Care and Education Landscape Assessment produced by Cambridge Education as part of the Catlayze EduFinance project managed by Palladium. The second part considers lessons from various non-state ECD interventions that Cambridge Education has been involved in supporting in Tanzania, Rwanda and Djibouti.