Research Paper
E-ISSN NO : 2455-295X | VOLUME : 3 | ISSUE : 5 | MAY 2017
GC –MS STUDY OF THE FLOWER OIL OF LANTANA CAMARA L OF MEKELLE, ETHIOPIA. C.R.Unnithan 1 | Masho Hilawie 2 1,2 P.G.Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences,
Mekelle University, Ethiopia.
ABSTRACT The chemical composition of the flower oil of Lantana camara ( Verbanaceae) from Mekelle, Ethiopia, were analysed by GC and GC–MS.A total of 32 constituents identifiedwere 95.6 % of the oil. The major components identified were β-elemene (18.2%), β-caryophyllene (15.2%), α-copaene (12.1%) germacrene-D (7.1%), 1,8-cineole (5.9%),anethol (5.6%), α-cadinene (5.3%),and γ-elemene (5.1%).Comparison of the chemical composition of the flower oil of Lantana camara L from different regions showed that there are significant qualitative and quantitative variations. Keywords: Lantana Camara L; Verbenaceae; Β-Elemene;Β-Caryophyllene; Α-Copaene ;Germacrene-D;1,8-Cineole;Anethol.
INTRODUCTION Lantana camara.L (Verbanaceae) is a perennial shrub found growing in tropical, subtropical and temperate parts of the world. L. camara oil and extracts are used in herbal medicine for the treatment of various human diseases such as skin itches, leprosy, high blood pressure, chickenpox, ulcer, asthma, tetanus and rheumatism [1-3]. The chemical constitution of Lantana species were analysed by various investigators across the world and they are found to contain sesquiterpenoids as the major components in their essential oils [4-6]. The antibacterial activities of the Lantanacamarawere also widely studied and reported in theliterature [7-9]. The present study was carried out to investigate on the active principles present in the flower oil of L.camara collected from Northern Ethiopia.
EXPERIMENTAL Plant material The flowers of Lantana camara L plant were collected during the month of March 2014 from Mekelle, Ethiopia. The plant flowers were identified by the author and its herbarium sheet was deposited at the Post graduate laboratory of the Department of Chemistry, Mekelle University, Ethiopia.
Chemical reagents All chemicals used in the present study were of analytical grade and obtained from Sigma Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Essential oil extraction The shade dried flowers of Lantana camara L plant collected (1 Kg) was subjected to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus for 3 hrs. The essential oil was separated from the aqueous layer using a 100 mL capacity separatory funnel. The collected essential oil was dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and filtered using a Whatman filter paper no. 40. The extracted essential oil
was pale yellow in appearance which was stored at 4 °C in dark brown 5 mL capacity sample vial until analysis. The yield of the oil was found to be 0.365±0.01 % (w/w) in relation to the dry weight basis.
GC and GC-MS analysis GC analysis was carried out in Agilent Technology 6890N Gas Chromatograph data handling system equipped with a spilt/splitless injector using N2 as carrier gas. The column was HP-5 capillary column (30 m x 0.32 mm, 0.25μm film thickness) and temperature program was used as follows: initial temperature of 60 0 C(hold: 2 min) programmed at a rate of 3 0C/min to a final temperature of 2200C (hold: 5 min). The temperature of injector was maintained at 210 0C. The GC-MS analysis was performed by Perkin Elmer Clarus 500 Gas Chromatograph equipped with a spilt/splitless injector (split ratio 50:1) data handling system. The column was an Rtx®-5 capillary column (60 mm x 0.32 mm, 0.25μm film thickness). Helium was used as carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The GC was interfaced with Perkin Elmer 500 Mass Detector operating in EI+ mode. The mass spectra was recorded over 40-500amu and revealed the Total Ion Current chromatograms. The temperature program remained the same as in GC. The temperatures of injector and transfer line were kept at 210 0C & that of the ion source at 2000C. Identification of the oil components was done by comparison of their mass spectra with the NIST/Wiley library as well as by comparing them with those reported in literature. The identification of each compound was also confirmed by comparison of its retention index with those of authentic compounds [10].
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The GC-MS profile of the flower oil of Lantana camaraL showed thirty two components and the identified components are presented in Table-1. A total of 95.6% of compounds were identified. The major components identified were β-elemene (18.2%), β-caryophyllene
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Research Paper
E-ISSN NO : 2455-295X | VOLUME : 3 | ISSUE : 5 | MAY 2017
(15.2%), α-copaene (12.1%)germacrene-D (7.1%), 1,8-cineole (5.9%),anethol (5.6%), α-cadinene (5.3%),and γ-elemene (5.1%). An investigation from India [ 11]showed that the flower oil of L.camaracontained βelemene as the major component,while three other reports [ 12-14 ] indicated the predominanace of β- caryophyllene and Sabinene in the oil mixture.
Table 1: Chemical composition of flower oil of Lantana camara L Peak Compounds RT No Identified 1 4.161 β-Carene 2 5.501 Ocimene 3 6.675 Terpinolene 4 7.320 Borneol 5 8.973 p-Cymene 6 9.693 Linalool 7 10.215 1,8-Cineole 8 11.023 Anethol 9 11.521 α-Pinene 10 12.024 α-Terpineol 15 12.980 Bornyl acetate 16 13.324 p-Menthene 18 14.532 Linalylisobutyrate 19 15.376 β-Pinene 20 16.214 Camphene 21 17-012 β-Caryophyllene 22 18.254 β-Elemene 23 19.-796 α-Copaene 24 20.214 Germacrene-D 25 21.243 α-Cadinene 26 23.-678 γ-Elemene 27 25.987 Humulene 28 27.985 α-Cubebene 29 28.90 Ledene alcohol 30 30.654 Caryophylleneoxide 31 31.352 β-Gurjunene 32 32.098 β-Bourbonene Total percentage composition
Percentage composition 1.1 0.8 1.1 1.3 2.5 0.8 5.9 5.6 2.2 0.4 0.2 0.9 1.0 1.9 0.2 15.2 18.2 12.1 7.1 5.3 5.1 1.8 0-9 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.8 95.6
CONCLUSION The major components identified in the flower oil of Lantana camaraL were β-elemene (18.2%), β-caryophyllene (15.2%), α-copaene (12.1%)germacrene-D (7.1%), 1,8-cineole (5.9%),anethol (5.6%), α-cadinene (5.3%),and γ-elemene (5.1%). The author’s report on the flower oil contents closely resembled with a report from India[11 ] which contained β- elemene as the major constituentwhile it varied from others [ 12-14 ]. These variations of essential oil contents in similar chemo-types may be attributed to the difference in environmental and climatic conditions of the regions [15-16].
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors acknowledge the Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, of Mekelle University for providing the laboratory facilities and also
Test House, Banglore, India for furnishing the spectral information.
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