Research Paper
E-ISSN NO : 2455-295X | VOLUME : 2 | ISSUE : 10 | OCT 2016
Smart Drinking Water Quality Maintenance System
K.S.Tamilselvan 1 | Dr.G.Murugesan 2 1
Assistant Professor(SRG),Department of ECE, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Anna University, India.
2
Professor & Head, Department of ECE, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Anna University, India.
ABSTRACT The development of many industries in recent years causes water pollution in many natural water resources. To reduce this pollution effect an effective water monitoring system is developed for industrial water outlet unit. Continuous monitoring and controlling of water flow attached with a web camera is proposed in this paper, which is used to capture images continuously and if it encounters a signal flow, then the system analyses the signal and informs the microcontroller about the flow of water by generating a signal which in turn controls the water flow accordingly. Along with this provision, a detection system is also established with a colorimetric sensor. The colorimetric sensor is used to detect the toxic contents in the water. A pH sensor is used to monitor the water pH level and if it exceeds a threshold value then it controls the water flow accordingly. All system together monitors and ensures the water purity level and maintains the water quality. Keywords: PIC microcontroller, Sensors, Web Camera, LCD Display.
I. INTRODUCTION: The main aim of the proposed system is to reduce the disposal of waste water from all sources and to decrease the water pollution. Sustainability of available water resources is now a dominant issue. This problem is quietly related to poor water allocation, inefficient use, and lack of adequate and integrated water management. Water is commonly used for agriculture, industry, and domestic consumption. Therefore, efficient utilization and water quality monitoring are potential constraints for home, office and industries. Last few decades several systems integrated with water level detection have become accepted. Measuring water level is an essential task for government and residence perspective. Therefore implementation of water controlling system makes potential significance in home applications. Besides this, liquid level control systems are widely used for monitoring of liquid levels, reservoirs, soils, and dams etc. Usually, this kind of systems provides visual multi level as well as continuous level indication. Audio visual alarms at desired levels and automatic control of pumps based on user’s requirements can be included in this water quality management system. Proper monitoring is needed to ensure water sustainability is actually being reached, with disbursement linked to sensing and automation. Such programmatic approach entails microcontroller based automated water level monitoring and controlling. The dynamic nature of many water treatment systems and the worldwide need for improved reliability and quality, a higher degree of precision is required in the monitoring and control of water treatment programs than that obtained through manual monitoring. To achieve the degree of precision needed, continuous on-line monitoring with automatic instrumentation is required. Because of the many technological developments in electronics and microprocessor technology over the last decade, there is a wide range of instrumentation available to monitor water treatment systems.
To identify the color of chemicals that are present in the water is attained by using colorimetric sensor. And to determine the type of chemical, mat lab coding is used and pH measurement reveals the hydrogen ion concentration in water. It is used to determine both the deposition and corrosion tendency of water. The most widely used type of pH measurement is the electrode method
II. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION Manual monitoring typically involves plant operators or technicians for conducting chemical tests and comparing the results to specified chemical control limits. The testing frequency can vary from once per day to once per hour, depending on the plant resources available. The tests run can include pH, conductivity, suspended solids, alkalinity, hardness, and others. Using the test results, the plant operator manually adjusts a chemical feed pump or blow down valve, making an estimate of the degree of change necessary.
Manual monitoring is satisfactory for noncritical water systems or systems in which water and plant operating conditions change slowly. Typical applications include the following:
closed cooling water treatment systems
open cooling water systems with consistent makeup water characteristics and steady load conditions
low to medium pressure boilers.
A. Continuous, On Line Monitoring: Because of the dynamic nature of many water treatment systems and the worldwide need for improved reliability and quality, a higher degree of precision is required in the monitoring and control of water treatment programs than that obtained through manual monitoring. To achieve the degree of precision needed, continuous on-line monitoring with
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Research Paper
E-ISSN NO : 2455-295X | VOLUME : 2 | ISSUE : 10 | OCT 2016
automatic instrumentation is required.
B. Other Monitoring Techniques: Visual Inspection: Visual inspection equipment is often useful for the inspection of internal surfaces in boiler tubes, condenser tubes, heat exchangers, and turbines. Visual inspection is used to determine failure potential due to deposit accumulation or corrosion.
through on/off switch& fuse for protecting from overload and short circuit protection. The secondary is connected to the diodes to convert 12V AC to 12V DC voltage and filtered by the capacitors, which are further regulated to +5v, by using IC 7805.
C.LCD:
equipment inspection. A lens on each end of the fiber optics bundle provides a clear, undistorted, color image. Video equipment and 35 mm cameras may be used with a fiber optics system.
The most commonly used Character based LCDs are based on Hitachi's HD44780 controller or other which are compatible with HD44580. In this tutorial, we will discuss about character based LCDs, their interfacing with various microcontrollers, various interfaces (8-bit/4-bit), programming, special stuff and tricks you can do with these simple looking LCDs which can give a new look to your application.
Video Inspection: Television camera inspection equipment
D. Pin Description:
Fiber Optics: A fiber optics device is commonly used for
provides an alternative to fiber optics. The typical package consists of a miniature camera, lights, a rotating mirror for radial viewing, and a monitor.
III.PROPOSED SYSTEM The proposed system is an automatic controlling system which consist of PIC microcontroller, sensors, LCD display, web camera, MATLAB programming. PIC microcontroller takes the action based upon the sensed data send by the sensors. Based on the data collected the microcontroller takes the necessary action such as it controls the flow of the water automatically. A.PIC16F877A: The PIC16F877A CMOS FLASH-based 8-bit microcontroller is upward compatible with the PIC16C5x, PIC12Cxxx and PIC16C7x devices. It features 200 ns instruction execution, 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, self programming, an ICD, 2 Comparators, 8 channels of 10-bit Analog-to-Digital (A/D) converter, 2capture/compare/PWM functions, a synchronous serial port that can be configured as either 3-wire SPI or 2-wire I2C bus, a USART, and a Parallel Slave Port. Fig.1.Block Diagram of Monitoring and Controlling the Water using PIC Microcontroller
The most commonly used LCDs found in the market today are 1 Line, 2 Line or 4 Line LCDs which have only 1 controller and support at most of 80 characters, whereas LCDs supporting more than 80 characters make use of 2 HD44780 controllers. Figure 4 illustrates the pin description. Most LCDs with 1 controller has 14 Pins and LCDs with 2 controller has 16 Pins (two pins are extra in both for back-light LED connections).
E. Commands and Instruction set: Only the instruction register (IR) and the data register (DR) of the LCD can be controlled by the MCU. Before starting the internal operation of the LCD, control information is temporarily stored into these registers to allow interfacing with various MCUs, which operate at different speeds, or various peripheral control devices. The internal operation of the LCD is determined by signals sent from the MCU. These signals, which include register selection signal (RS), read/write signal (R/W), and the data bus (DB0 to DB7), make up the LCD instructions. There are four categories of instructions that:
Designate LCD functions, such as display format, data length, etc.
Set internal RAM addresses
Perform data transfer with internal RAM
Perform miscellaneous functions
F.pH SENSOR:
The controller suggested in this paper is used in all electronic appliances and so it is preferred to utilize for monitoring and controlling purpose.
B. Power Supply for PIC 16F877A Microcontroller It describes how to generate +5V DC power supply. The power supply section is the important one. It should deliver constant output regulated power supply for successful working of the project. A 0-12V/1A transformer is used for this purpose. The primary of this transformer is connected in to main supply
A pH meter is an electronic device used for measuring the pH (acidity or alkalinity) of a liquid (though special probes are sometimes used to measure the pH of semi-solid substances). A typical pH meter consists of a special measuring probe (a glass electrode) connected to an electronic meter that measures and displays the pH reading. For very precise work the pH meter should be calibrated before each measurement. For normal use calibration should be performed at the beginning of each day. The reason for this is that the glass electrode does not give a reproducible e.m.f. over longer periods of time. Calibration should be performed with at least two standard buffer solutions that span the range of pH values to be measured. For general purposes buffers at pH 4.01 and pH 10.00 are acceptable. The pH meter has one control (calibrate) to set the meter reading equal to the value of the first
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standard buffer and a second control (slope) which is used to adjust the meter reading to the value of the second buffer. A third control allows the temperature to be set. Standard buffer sachets, which can be obtained from a variety of suppliers, usually state how the buffer value changes with temperature. For more precise measurements, a three buffer solution calibration is preferred. The calibration process correlates the voltage produced by the probe (approximately 0.06 volts per pH unit) with the pH scale. After each single measurement, the probe is rinsed with distilled water or de-ionized water to remove any traces of the solution being measured, blotted with a scientific wipe to absorb any remaining water which could dilute the sample and thus alter the reading, and then quickly immersed in another solution.
deep lung alveolar portion of breath and upper respiratory infections biomarkers are best identified from the early portion of an exhale.
IV.EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and fourth-generation programming language. In the project, the MATLAB is used to find out the chemical from the colour generated by the colorimetric sensor. Depending upon the colour only, the type of chemical is identified. From the figure 3, the colour code generated by the colorimetric sensor is found to be orange and the corresponding chemical is dichromate. It is illustrated in the figure 3.To obtain the pure water corresponding chemical is added.
Fig.3 Colorimetric sensor output
G.FLOW SENSOR: A flow sensor is a device for sensing the rate of fluid flow. Typically a flow sensor is the sensing element used in a flow meter, or flow logger, to record the flow of fluids. As is true for all sensors, absolute accuracy of a measurement requires functionality for calibration. There are various kinds of flow sensors and flow meters, including some that have a vane that is pushed by the fluid, and can drive a rotary potentiometer, or similar devices. Other flow sensors are based on sensors which measure the transfer of heat caused by the moving medium. This principle is common for micro sensors to measure flow. Flow meters are related to devices called velocity meters that measure velocity of fluids flowing through them. Laser-based interferometer is often used for airflow measurement, but for liquids, it is often easier to measure the flow. Another approach is Doppler-based methods for flow measurement.
H.COLORIMETRIC SENSOR: The sensor is constructed on a simple plastic or paper like media. The sensor is inexpensive and disposable. The cost and performance easily match the requirements for a one time use medical exam. Construction of the sensor is given in figure 2. The CSA exam card used in the Meta bolomx breath analysis instrument is printed on a plastic substrate, contained in a tube, through which breath can be passed. The exam card is disposable; one is used with each patient exam.
Fig.2. Colorimetric Sensor
The exam card containing the CSA is used inside the Metabolomx breath analysis instrument. The breath analysis instrument (BAI) captures a precise quantity of breath, in a specific portion of the breath cycle and controls the exposure of the CSA exam card to the captured breath at a precise flow rate and volume. The specific portion of the breath cycle to be sampled depends on the condition to be diagnosed. For example, lung cancer biomarkers are best identified from the
Likewise, from the below diagram, the colour code generated by the colorimetric sensor is found to be green and the corresponding chemical is chromium .To obtain the pure water corresponding solution is taken.
V.CONCULSION Water monitoring and controlling system using PIC microcontroller is proposed in the paper. . From the experimental results, it is found that, the proposed system is effective and low cost technique to avoid water pollution. Also this system produces an efficient mechanism than any other techniques. The water obtained from this system is useful and can be used for many other purposes depending on the pH value. Many other applications of the proposed system are ground water saving, agricultural purposes and so on.
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