Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
Asset Management plan for the city of Hyderabad: A study of Open spaces in GHMC area. A.Jalender Reddy1 & Dr. D. Vijay Kishore2 1
Dist. Town & Country Planning Officer, R.R.Dist, (Ph.D.), MA-Economics, M.U.R.P. 2 Principal & professor in Architecture, SPA Hyderabad, Ph.D., M.U.P.
Abstract: The present paper is in continuation with the previous paper titled, “Asset Management plan for the city of Hyderabad- A study of Open spaces in GHMC area�. In the previous paper it has been highlighted the importance of having an exclusive Municipal Asset Management plan for Parks and open spaces where as the present paper concentrates mostly on the development of parks and open spaces and factors to be taken into consideration while developing a park or an open space. The paper talks about 256 identified parks/open spaces with in Circle 1 of East Zone, i.e., Kapra Circle. It also explains about the observations made out of the detailed survey conducted within the circle. Out of observations and analysis, Equations were generated which shows the inter-relation of various parameters that are considered essentially while designing or developing a park or open space. The objective of this paper to show the relations between the various parameters that are generally involved in the parks and open spaces development.
1. Introduction As a part of the previous paper, it has been highlighted the importance of having an exclusive Municipal Asset Management plan for the parks and open spaces. For the analysis of Parks and Open spaces development in Asset Management, Kapra Circle from East zone has been identified as the study area, it is the 1st circle in Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) with five wards. Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation consists of five zones such as East, West, North, South and Central Zones. These five zones are further classified into 30 circles and 150 wards. Five wards included in Kapra circle are Kapra (Ward no.1), Cherlapalli (Ward no.2), Mallapur (Ward no.3), Nacharam (Ward no.4) and Yapral (Ward no.134). Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) has been spread over 922 Sq.km of which Kapra occupies an area of 49.47 Sq.km, i.e., the total percentage of Kapra circle in total GHMC is about 4.7 percent. The maximum area in ward 2 (Cherlapally) and ward 3 (Mallapur) are mostly of
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industrial areas and Government properties. The total number of identified Parks/ open spaces within the circle boundary are 256. The parameters of the reconnaissance survey were so selected to understand the present scenario of all the parks/open spaces within the selected boundary. The format was designed to give a broad picture of the existing status and to evolve selection criteria of parks for a detailed survey.
2. Demographic Details As per 2001 census, the total population of the municipality was 1,59,176 persons with a total male population of 82,914 persons and a total female population of 76262 persons. As per 2011 census, the total population of the municipality was 2,30,864 persons with a total male population of 1,17,246 persons and a total female population of 1,13,618 persons. The total growth rate of population during 2001-2011 was 45 percent. The population of kapra has increased 1.4 times in past decade.
3. Data Analysis The process of analysis has been carried out various stages. The very first stage in the process was preparation of base map where all the important layers are considered in the map preparation. The Base map was used in to highlight the existing parks and open spaces within the existing boundaries, i.e., in showing the spatial distribution of study areas. As a part of second stage, a reconnaissance survey format was framed giving importance to the data to be collected which will be further used in the analysis process. In third stage, primary surveys was conducted for the total identified 256 parks and open spaces and data collected in hard copies were completely automated and updated to softcopies. Finally process of analysis started which shows the interrelation of all the parameters considered in the survey format preparation. The layers considered in the preparation of base map were Circle boundary, ward boundaries,
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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in landmarks, Road network, Railway network and Parks and open spaces within the study area. The parameters of the reconnaissance survey were so selected to understand the present scenario of all the parks/open spaces within the selected boundary. The format was designed to give a broad picture of the existing status and to evolve selection criteria of parks for a detailed survey. Few major parameters were typology, location, geometry and demarcation of boundaries, vegetation and existing use, major activities in the surrounding, facilities within the park/open spaces, exploitation levels and overall maintenance. After the data collection & compilation, an analysis was carried out, and the following observations were made. 36 percent of the total parks and open spaces are in ward 1 (Kapra). 68 percent of the total parks are in residential land use. 86 percent of the total parks and open spaces have demarcated boundaries, 32 percent of them have dense vegetation. On analyzing the existing use of parks and open spaces, it was understood that majority were used for games and sports by the local kids and youth, based on the same rankings were given to the activities of which sports ranked first, Religious Activity ranked as second, socio- Cultural Activity as “third”, Recreational as “fourth” rank, followed by Political gatherings as “fifth” and leaving Community Gathering ranked as “sixth” rank. Out of the total 256 parks and open spaces, 64 percent of them are under the category of unused, the remaining 36% of the Parks/Open spaces are facing a problem of “Dumping of waste”, “Encroachment of Slums” and “Unwanted Vegetation.
4. SWOT Analysis Strength: ❖ Since most of the open spaces are located within the residential zone. It gives ease of access to open space and better check on the misuse of open space. ❖ Open spaces can become more useful to the residents ❖ Larger percentage of open spaces has demarcated boundaries. It gives a check on encroachments and misuse. Weakness: ❖ Sparse vegetation in open spaces brings down the use during hot day hours. ❖ Nearly equal activity rating for different activity makes it difficult to have focused development over open spaces. ❖ Although the facilities in parks are not lacking, parks are experiences very poor maintenance. Certain basic facilities like provision for disables, signage and notice boards are lacking in all parks and open spaces in the city.
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Opportunities: ❖Maximum number of open spaces is owned by local govt. It makes the land available to public use as public bodies have more creditability. ❖Community involvement can be encouraged. Threats: ❖ Very less revenue generated creates less interest in the development activities for open spaces. ❖ Citizen Participation and involvement is very less. ❖ Design security is lacking in most of the open spaces.
5. Regression Analysis Regression analysis was carried out to understand dependencies between various parameters and their respective inter-relations statistically. In the present stage, the regression analysis was carried out by considering all the 256 parks and open spaces within the circle and following relations were made by generating the equations as an experiment to generate the valid equations and meaningful observations which helped in understanding the interdependencies between parameters. An example of one regression analysis was given in the following equation EXPLOITED = 0.608 0.1359 DEMARCATION OF BOUNDARIES Equation shows that on maintaining a specific boundary around the park or an open space there will be 13 percent of decrease in exploitation levels. Since the regression coefficient value was more than 0.5, the equation can be considered as valid and can be used in further analysis, but since the slope was low it may not useful in crucial decision making. Overall observations of the regression analysis of both parks and open spaces did not fetch with much of information. The number of open spaces are higher in comparison to parks, the characteristics of both differ on a very wide scale cannot use on a single scale for decision making, the same was concluded statistically. An attempt was made to understand the dependencies between various parameters and their respective interrelations statistically. The results of most of the above permutations and combinations are ambiguous and inconsistent in the generated equations. As a result the equations from the above inter-relations cannot be used for further research since the Regression Coefficient (R2) value was low. In the present step, an attempt has been made to under the dependencies between various parameters and their respective interrelations statistically by analyzing only parks i.e., only 87 parks were used out of the total 256 parks and open spaces. Equations gave few satisfactory results and the one attached below was one of the example. Page 409
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in RECREATION = 1.003 + 0.531 LEVEL OF VEGETATION Equation of regression analysis between recreation and level of vegetation and the results shows that on proper provision and maintenance vegetation levels, the recreational use of parks will increase by the above percentages. Since the value of regression coefficient is very high implies that both the slope and regression coefficient both are higher values than the desired values. The combination of parameters and the equation generated can be used in further analysis.
6. Selection Criteria All the above observations were made from on the Conducted survey, based on these observation and on interpolating these parameters few well developed Parks are to be identified to understand the existing status of all developed parks and to know exactly how many parks are really serving their purpose and thereby giving the proposals for the development of other parks to make them ideal. For the selection of parks out of the total 87, the Area of the park, Locality of the Park, Geometry of the park and the Existing facilities of the park are considered as the critical Parameters. These parameters were related with each other. These three parameters were compared using “Decision Making Matrix Analysis”. The area of these Parks and Open spaces are ranging from 129Sq.m to about a highest area of 30009Sq.m. in order to use the parameter of Area in further stages these Values are grouped into 5 classes of custom intervals. These Classes are used in further stages for both Parks and Open Spaces. Till the observation level, parks and open spaces were studied in both ways, as a single element and in the form of segregated depending upon the parameter considered. But for the selection of ideal parks, parks and open spaces were studied and analyzed separately as they both completely differ in their use and functionality. Matrix was categorized into 4 sections, where section 1 shows the number of Parks which falls below the range of Average in both of the Parameters, section 2 and 3 falls within the range of above average in one parameter and below average in another parameter and finally section 4 which falls under above average range in both the parameters. After generating the number of matrices needed with certain parameters, the common parks which are falling in the sections 4 were selected as ideal parks.
Table 1: Selection method adopted Parameter s
Above Average
Grand total
Below Section 1 Section 2 Average Above Section 3 Section 4 Average Grand Total No. of total Parks Matrix 1: Area Vs Existing Facilities In the very first “Decision Making Matrix” the parameters used were: Area of the parks and Existing Facilities within the park. In the generation of matrix, the total 87 parks are distributed according to their classified Areas with the rating of facilities. Figures in black shows the number of parks falling in certain criteria and the numbers represented in red color represents the “Unique ID” of the parks and those which are highlighted represents the “Unique ID” of Selected Parks. Table 2 explains that 62 parks out of the total 87 falls in section I, 6 parks in section II, 11 parks in section III and finally 8 parks falls under section IV. This shows that these 8 parks are above an area of 2000 sq.m and with above average rating of existing facilities. Table 2: Area Vs Existing facilities. Rating of Facilities 1 2 12 7 0 1 2 3 4
2 5 2 5 3
5
2 2
6
1
9
1
10 11 12
3 4 11 1 1 1 5 1
5
31
1 2 1
4 6 14 5
1
5
2
3 4 Green Park Enclave Venkateshwara Colony Park Vasavi Shiva Nagar Playground Shankh Shivapuri Colony park
6
1
1
1
1 - EC 2 Nagar Park
3
1 2
3 2
13
Total
Grand Total
Area Class
2 .
7
14
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Below Average
1 - GHMC Park
3
1 - GHMC Park
1
1 17 28 28 12
1 2
87
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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Matrix 2: Area Vs Locality The parameters used in the present matrix are Area of the Park and Locality of the park. In the generation of matrix, the total 87 parks are distributed according to their classified Areas with their corresponding surrounding localities. Figures in black shows the number of parks falling in certain criteria and the numbers represented in red color represents the “Unique ID” of the parks and those which are highlighted represents the “Unique ID” of Selected Parks. Since the whole circle has mostly industrial and governmental properties, Industrial land use is categorized into section I since development of a public park within industrial zone does not cater the residential population. The same logic will be applicable to pure commercial zoning also, but the circle does not have any major commercial zones dedicated only for large scale commercial activity and also justified the same from the survey results that no park exhibited commercial activity in its immediate surrounding locality. Mixed land use is mostly of local commercial or residential commercial activity. Public parks within mixed and residential localities are prioritized. Table 3 exhibits that only 1 park out of the total 87 falls in section I, 0 park in section II, 72 parks in section III and finally 14 parks falls under section IV. Section IV comprises of above averaged areas and the locality narrowed down to residential and mixed since 96 % of the parks are located within the locality of Residential and mixed.
Matrix 3: Area Vs Geometry The parameters used in the present matrix are Area of the Park and Geometry of the park. In the generation of matrix, the total 87 parks are distributed according to their classified Areas with their corresponding surrounding localities. Figures in black shows the number of parks falling in certain criteria and the numbers represented in red color represents the “Unique ID” of the parks and those which are highlighted represents the “Unique ID” of Selected Parks. The highlighted section 4 represents the number of parks with above averaged areas class and having a geometry of rectangular or trapezoidal. Rectangular or trapezoidal are selected as they offer flexibility in development when compared to irregular or triangular shaped parks. Table 4: Area Vs Geometry of the park Geometr y
Area Classification 1
2
Triangula r
5
5
Irregular
1
6
Trapezoid al
5
3
3
Area Classification 1
Industrial
Mixed
2
3
4
5
1
2
4
6
Residenti al
15
23
22
Grand Total
17
28
28
5Venkateshw ara colony park GHMC(HB colony) GHMC(HB Colony) 7 - Green park enclave Vasavi Shiva Nagar playground Shankh Shivapuri colony park Children’s Park 12
1 EC Naga r park
1
2
Gran d Total 1
7 6
Rectangul ar
6
14
15
Grand Total
17
28
28
18
68
87
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5
2
Table 3: Area of the park Vs locality of the park Locality
4
12 1
2 Manik Sai enclave 8 Green Park Enclave Venkateshw ara Colony Park Children Park GHMC (HB Colony) GHMC(HB Colony) EC Nagar Park Vasavi Shiva Nagar playground Shankh Shivapuri Colony Park 12
Gran d Total
15 16
1 EC Nag ar Park
44
2
87
List of ideal parks. As the result of Decision Making Matrix out the above three matrices the parks in common were highlighted and as a result 7 parks were identified as ideal for further studying. These parks where selected on the basis of their Areas, Localities in which they are developed, their geometries and the facilities within the parks. This implies that out of 256 parks and open spaces only 7 parks were identified as the
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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in ideal parks, which shows a huge demand for the development of parks and open spaces and a huge gap to fill. The following research gives the broad policies and proposals to bridge this particular gap and which helps in making all the parks ideal to serve their purpose. Detailed information of selected ideal parks are given below. Table 6: List of selected parks for sample survey Unique ID 11076
Park ID 230
Locality
11188
139
Green Park Enclave Mallapur
11155 11154 11103
106 105 71
H B Colony H B Colony Adarsh Nagar
11223
27
11120
80
Shankh Shivapuri Colony EC Nagar
Park name
Table 6: Existing status of Parks and open spaces areas Sr. No. 1
2
Indicators Per Person Open Space in Plain Areas as per URDPFI Per Person Open Space in Built-Up Areas as per National Building Code (NBC)
Present Status 2.3 Sq. m. per person* 2.3 Sq. m. per person*
Benchmark 10-12 sq. m. per person 3 sq. m. per person
*Projected population for 2016 has been considered in the calculations
Venkateshwara Colony Park GHMC Park GHMC Park Vasavi Shiva Nagar Playground Shankh Shivapuri Colony Park EC Nagar Park
7. Broad Policies and proposals Aligning the needs and aspirations for residents and open space users, schemes & policies at Nation & Local wide the following broad level of policies and proposals were made. Feedback from surveys, project development, interaction with partner agencies and officers across the departments has produced a variety of priorities for improving the parks in the Kapra circle. After critically analyzing the key issues within the circle, strength, weakness, opportunities and threats have been identified and basing in which an attempt has been made and the following policies and proposals have been formulated. Area and number of open spaces: The number of open spaces and their cumulative area very less when compared with the standards, hence the protecting and conservation of the existing open spaces against encroachment has to be done. The values in the Table 6-2 shows a huge gap in existing area under parks and open spaces to that of benchmarks. As per the UDPFI guidelines it is said, that each person within the municipality limit shall has 10-12 sq. m. open space. Whereas the analysis shows that the total available open area per person within the circle is only 2.3 sq. m. It is equally important to increase the area under parks and open spaces and also to protect, maintain and develop the existing available spaces.
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The playgrounds belonging to schools (playgrounds other than in school premises) can be taken for lease by the authorities for users other than the school children. Established Suburbs: Providing more open spaces, play spaces Seek further provision and enhancement of open space and other facilities, such as children’s play areas through the application of policies with development plans and changes in the development plans and public utilities laws. Accessibility: for all Improve informational, interpretive and directional signage across the city parks and open spaces with an attractive and consistent format. Investigate opportunities for public access to private open spaces. Ensure all parks and open spaces, especially play areas are compliant in terms of access for those with disabilities. Facilities: Renew and Redesign The ratings for all the facilities for different kinds of activities are very low both quantitatively and qualitatively. Facilities that are provided should take into consideration the climatic conditions of the city there by providing proper drinking water and protective shades. Coordinate the provision of disabled parking facilities with the availability of accessible facilities including good paths, a mix of seating, play facilities, toilets and cafes. Lighting is deficient in many of the City’s parks and open spaces with some exceptions. This should be tempered with the need to avoid nuisance from excessive light, or the problem of attracting antisocial behavior. Toilet provision is very poor. The provision of accessible toilets in parks is particularly important in encouraging family visits. Maintenance: Improving the standard Enhance and improve open spaces across the network particularly where there is an identified deficiency of provision or quality. Page 412
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in The best way to ensure that ongoing maintenance does not become overly burdensome is to consider and plan for maintenance needs from the onset. Spend a little extra money up front for quality materials that will hold up and save money over the long-term. Collaborate with community partners to undertake open space improvement projects that will contribute to the regeneration of the borough Enhance the attractiveness of commons and key open spaces to create Inspirational Spaces that celebrate the place’s rich natural and cultural heritage. Establish an officer steering group to develop enhancement proposals, deliver improvements and share information to improve the management and maintenance. Exploitation Parking is a major issue which is affecting the usage of the open space. Majority of the parks and open spaces do not have any demarcated parking place thereby encouraging the illegal parking: local authorities should take necessary steps such as proper demarcation, imposing fines, signage’s highlighted with warnings. Community awareness should be given importance to curb the exploitation such as dumping of garbage. Develop policy and advice for residents wishing to hold community events in their local park or open space. Safe, secure and attractive Good lighting, setting back vegetation away from pathways (to avoid the sense of lurking muggers), keeping activity areas open to view from adjacent roads and residential areas, planning roads to allow controlled access, providing curbs and separation of paths from roads, and using fencing and warning signs to keep users away from hazards are measures that can improve park safety. Promote the parks and open spaces through a variety of media, including the internet, brochures, posters and signs, to make residents aware of opportunities for recreation within the city. Revenue generation Identification of the open spaces which are capable generating revenue and making policies for its utilization different fund raising activities and see that the fund raised goes to the account of Garden Department. Employing different fund raising models as suitable to the respective open space Open spaces could be given development and maintenance under BOT there by generate revenue. Actively involving the community in their local open spaces. Establish partnership agreements between the GHMC/ HMDA and new or existing societies to align priorities attract funding, share information and resources and encourage volunteering.
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Hold regular meetings where people can share experiences attract new members and promote their activities. Involving the community in maintenance and cleanliness management of the park or open space.
8. Conclusion Need for a policy: From the existing scenario, lack of proper regulations and the existing regulations have been not followed by the citizens and as well as the local authority, because of which parks, open spaces and playfield are degrading in quality. The absence of proper framework or organization setup exclusively for the maintenance of parks and open spaces and negligence of local authority and society towards the existing and other said ACTs which is taking city into Danger. Therefore there is an urgent need of a “Policy” for Open Spaces in Hyderabad city .Where it can be framed as: GHMC Parks, Play-Fields and Open Spaces (Development, Preservation and Regulation) Policy.
Draft content for “Policy”: Keyword(s): Park, Open Space, Play-field 1. Short title, extent and commencement: 2. Definitions.3. Preparation and submission of list of parks, play-fields and open spaces by executive authorities 4. Approval of list by Government 5. Inclusion of new land 6. Finance for development of play-fields and open spaces. 7. Prohibition of the use of parks, play-fields and open spaces in certain cases 8. Antisocial behavior 9. Maintenance of parks, play-fields and open spaces 10. Prohibition of construction of buildings 11. Obligation of owner of parks and play-fields 12. Submission of annual returns 13. Penalties. 14. Control 15. Power to make rules.
9. References [1]
[2] [3] [4] [5]
Sagar, M. V. (2008). Andhra Pradesh Municipal Asset Management Manual. Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh : Centre for Good Governance (CGG). (2015). Smart Cities Mission Guidelines. (n.d.). UDPFI Guidelines. (2015) AMRUT Guidelines (2003). Retrieved from HMDA: http://www.hmda.gov.in/huda/inside/cda06.asp Page 413
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in (2002). Retrieved from Census of India: http://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://w ww.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5 =999 [7] (2003). Retrieved from HMDA: http://www.hmda.gov.in/huda/inside/cda06.asp. [6]
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