An Introduction to Studying Culture
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Human beings do not live in the objective world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. 人éã¯å®¢èŠ³çãªäžçã«ã®ã¿çããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªããéåžžç解ãããæå³ã§ã®ç€ŸäŒç掻 åã®äžçã ãã«çããŠããã®ã§ããªãã人éã¯ç€ŸäŒã®åªäœãšãªã£ãŠããç¹å®ã®èšèªã« å·Šå³ãããŠããã®ã§ããã Edward Sapir (1921) Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harcourt Brace. B.C.
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Edward SapirïŒJanuary 26,1884- February 4,1939ïŒ ãµãã¢ã»ãŠã©ãŒãã®ä»®èª¬ïŒSapir-Whorf HypothesisïŒ èšèªãç§ãã¡ã®ç¥èŠãäžç芳ã«äžãã圱é¿ã«ã€ããŠè«ããã®ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®èšèªåŠè ã§ãããµãã¢ïŒSapir 1884-1939ïŒãšãã®åŒåã§ãã£ããŠã©ãŒãïŒWhorf 1897-1941ïŒã§ã ããèšèªãããããç¬èªã®èªåœæ§é ã»ææ³æ§é ãæã¡ããã®èšèªã䜿çšãã人éã¯ã ãã®èšèªã«ç¹æã®èªåœã»æŠå¿µã«åºã¥ããèŠç¹ã§äžçãåé¡ããŠç解ãããããèšèªã 話è ã®æèãèªç¥ã«åœ±é¿ãåãŒããšèããããã®ä»®èª¬ã¯ãããµãã¢ã»ãŠã©ãŒãã®ä»®èª¬ãã ããã¯ããèšèªæ±ºå®è«ïŒlinguistic determinismïŒããèšèªçžå¯Ÿè«ïŒlinguistic relativityïŒããš ããŠç¥ãããŠãããèšèªæ±ºå®è«ã¯ã話è ã䜿çšããèšèªã人éã®æèãäžç芳ãèŠ å®ãããšãã匷ãé¢ä¿èª¬ïŒstrong versionïŒã§ãããèšèªçžå¯Ÿè«ã¯ãèšèªã«ãã£ãŠãèªåœ ãææ³ãç°ãªããèšèªãç°ãªãã°ã話è ãèªèããäžç芳ãç°ãªããšãã匱ãé¢ä¿èª¬ ïŒweak versionïŒãšãããããç§ãã¡ã®èšèªãšæèã®é¢ä¿ã«ã€ããŠãäžåžãæãã仮説 ã§ããã
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Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-82)
ãšããœã³ãåæžã§èªã ã»Ralph Waldo Emerson, Essays & Lectures (New York: Library of America, 1983) ã»Emerson, The Early Lectures of Ralph Waldo Emerson, vol. II (Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard UP, 1964) ãšããœã³ã翻蚳ã§èªã ã»ãšããœã³ããšããœã³è«æéãäžäžå·»ïŒå²©æ³¢æ庫ã1972-73 å¹ŽïŒ ãšããœã³ææ³ã®å®è·µ ã»H. D. ãœããŒã森ã®ç掻ââãŠã©ãŒã«ãã³ãäžäžå·»ïŒå²©æ³¢æ庫 1995 幎ïŒ
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