2008 Healthcare Facts and Figures
All facts and figures were correct at time of going to print (January 2008)
2008 Healthcare Facts and Figures
IPHA The Irish Pharmaceutical Healthcare Association (IPHA) represents the international research-based pharmaceutical industry in Ireland. Its member companies include both manufacturers of prescription medicines and non-prescription or consumer health care medicines.
1
2008 Healthcare Facts and Figures
Introduction In 2007 health accounted for nearly a third of all current Government
A commitment to innovation is the way ahead. Focusing on
expenditure. Understandably the State is anxious to achieve value for
innovative solutions, in terms of treatments and service delivery can
this large investment. The appropriate use of medicines is vital in this
enable us to develop the efficient and effective health service we all
respect. New treatments can help patients to recover more quickly,
desire. A commitment to fostering innovation is also central to the
reducing hospitalisation costs, reducing time spent off work and
further development of the Irish economy as we strive to become
lengthening life expectancy.
“leaders in the global knowledge economy.�* The pharmaceutical industry can play an important role in this regard. Ireland is already
The State and the pharmaceutical industry have, through a long-term
the largest net exporter of pharmaceuticals in the world and working
partnership, ensured that all patients, regardless of their means have
together we can achieve even more in the years ahead.
access to the full range of modern therapies. However the period ahead will be a challenging one for the State as it seeks to finance an ever growing health budget and for the pharmaceutical industry as it seeks to develop and make available new treatments to patients.
John McLaughlin IPHA President
* Taoiseach Bertie Ahern at the opening of the Wyeth Biotech Campus September 2005
2
3
2008 Healthcare Facts and Figures
Contents Healthcare Today
6
Public Expenditure on Health 1998 – 2008
The Medicines Industry
28
Employment in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Ireland 1988-2007
Health Expenditure as a % of GDP 2005
Leading Pharmaceutical Companies by Sales in Ireland and Globally
Growth in State Expenditure on Medicines 1997 – 2006 Pharmaceutical Expenditure as a % of Healthcare Expenditure in Selected Countries 2005
Pharmaceutical Expenditure per Capita in Western Europe 2005
Number of day cases treated in Ireland 2001 – 2006
World Trade in Pharmaceuticals 2005 Distribution of Global Pharmaceutical Sales by Region
Demographic Trends
14
Self Medication Market in Ireland 2006 OTC Medicines as a % of the Total Pharmaceutical Market 2006
Population projections 2005 – 2036 Life expectancy at age 65 years Comparison of Age-Related Public Expenditure
Medicines in the Community
Principal Causes of Death in Ireland 2006
38
Community Medical Schemes Expenditure 2006
Healthcare Tomorrow
20
GMS Scheme Expenditure and % Growth Rate 1998 – 2006 The Ageing of the GMS 1994 – 2006
Chronology of Medicines Innovation
Drugs Payment Scheme Expenditure 1999 – 2006
The Life Cycle of Medicines
Long Term Illness Scheme Expenditure 1999 – 2006
Cost of Developing a New Medicine
High Tech Scheme Expenditure 1999 – 2006
Medicines in Development Business Sector R&D in Ireland Changes in Location of Pharmaceutical Industry Research Sites in the period 2001 – 2006
4
Medicines in the Developing World 46 Industry Supported Public Private Partnerships in the Developing World
5
2008 Healthcare Facts and Figures
Healthcare Today
6
•
The last decade has seen an unprecedented increase in health expenditure following a period of cutbacks and stagnation in the 1980’s and the early 1990’s. Public expenditure on health will have almost quadrupled in the period 1998 to 2008.
•
Healthcare expenditure in Ireland, relative to other European States, is coming from a low base. Irish expenditure in 2005, as a percentage of GDP, is the lowest alongside Finland in the EU.
•
The Irish healthcare system remains a mix between public expenditure (75%) and private expenditure (25%).
•
Over 50% of the population now have some form of private health insurance.
•
The numbers employed in the health services increased by over 55% between 1997 (68,084) and 2006 (106,211).
•
State expenditure on medicines has increased in tandem with the increase in public expenditure on healthcare. Medicines account for just 10.9% of non-capital health expenditure – a small but vital component. This is almost a third less than the average across the OECD States of 14.8% of healthcare expenditure devoted to medicines.
•
The pharmaceutical industry has recognised that the State faces a challenge in funding healthcare going forward and has agreed robust, cost effective arrangements for the supply of medicines to the health services. The State has estimated that these arrangements will result in savings of €260 million on the State medicines bill in the period through to September 2010, savings which will provide the State with the monies to fund new therapies which offer hope to patients of longer, healthier and more active lives.
7
Public Expenditure on Health
Health Expenditure as a % of GDP
1997-2008
2005
18 16.2
16
Ireland
7.5
Finland
7.5
15.1
14 13.1 11.9
â‚Ź (Billions)
12
Spain
8.3
UK
8.3
Italy
8.9
OECD
9
10.1
10 9.1 8.4
Denmark (e)
9.1
Sweden
9.1
8 7.2
6
5.7 4.9
Greece
10.1
Portugal (e)
10.2
Austria
10.2
Belgium (e)
10.3
4.1
4
Germany
2
10.7
France
11.1
0 1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0
2
6
4
8
10
12
% Source:
8
Department of Health and Children Statistics
Source:
OECD Health Data 2007 (e) Estimate
9
Growth in State Expenditure on Medicines
Pharmaceutical Expenditure as a % of Healthcare Expenditure in Selected Countries
1997-2006
2005
1600
1529
1400
Spain
22.9
Portugal
20.9
1332
1022
1000 € (Millions)
Italy
1202
1200
867
20.1
France
16.4
Finland
16.3
Germany
15.2
800
USA
718
600
12.4 12.0
Sweden
565
Austria
11.6
400
Ireland
10.9
Switzerland
200
10.4
Denmark
8.9
0 2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
0
5
15
10
20
25
% Source:
10
GMS/PCRS Annual Reports from 1997 – 2006. The GMS figure excludes VAT and the Hi-Tech Scheme figure excludes patient care fees.
Source:
OECD Health Data 2007
11
Number of Day Cases Treated in Ireland 1997-2006
600,000 543,000 512,000
500,000 449,000
400,000 358,000
297,000
300,000
249,000
200,000
100,000
0 1997 Source:
12
1999
2001
2003
2005
2006
Department of Health and Children Health Statistics 2005; Health Service Executive Annual Report 2006
13
2008 Healthcare Facts and Figures
Demograp hic Trends •
14
The population of the Republic of Ireland increased by nearly 325,000 in the four year period April 2002 to April 2006. Having only recently passed 4 million, the population is set to exceed 5 million within the next 15 years and projected to rise to 5.8m by 2036.
•
With an average age of 35.6 years Ireland has a relatively youthful age structure; however this is set to change. Those aged 65 and over will account for 20% of the population (1.14 million) by 2036 as against just 11% of the population (430,000) in 2001 and the number of those aged 80 and over is set to treble from a 2001 level of 98,000 to 320,000 in 2036. These changes will have significant implications for public spending and in particular healthcare expenditure as the elderly typically require 2-5 times as many resources as those under 65.
•
The life expectancy of those over the age of 65 has improved significantly in recent years but remains low by comparison to our Western European neighbours.
•
Circulatory diseases continue to be the principal cause of death in Ireland and along with cancer account for nearly two thirds of all deaths.
•
Approximately one in five deaths in Ireland is of a person aged less than 65 years old.
•
Over 87% of Irish people perceive themselves to have very good/good health (as against an EU 15 average of 61%). This is in a country where 1 in every 5 persons is obese and every 2nd person is overweight.
15
Population Projections
Life Expectancy at Age 65
2006-2036
25
5.8
6
5.6 5.1
5
21
21 20
20
19
19
4.5 4.2
18
18
2020
2025
19
19
2030
2035
20
20
20
2040
2045
2050
17 16
4 Number of years over 65
15 Millions
22
22
4.9
23
23
23
5.4
3
2
15
10
5 1
0
0 2006
2011
2016
2021
Year Source:
16
Central Statistics Office
2026
2031
2036
2004
2010
Males Females Source:
Eurostat
2015
Year
17
Comparison of Age-Related Public Expenditure
Principal Causes of Death in Ireland 2006
Male
7000
6567 6034
6000
euro
5000
4964
4514
4000
4472 3365
3000
2800 2117
2000 1000 0
60-64 yrs
80-84 yrs
70-74 yrs
90-94 yrs
Female
7000
6110
6000
5392
euro
5000
4604 4052
3854
4000 3000
2914
2518 1939
2000 1000
Heart Disease
0 60-64 yrs Ireland EU 15 Source:
18
80-84 yrs
70-74 yrs
90-94 yrs
Years
18%
Circulatory Diseases
35%
Stroke
Cancer
29%
Other Circulatory Diseases 10%
7%
Respiratory Diseases 14% The impact of ageing on public expenditure: projections for the EU25 Member States on pensions, health care, long term care, education and unemployment transfers (2004-2050), European Commission 2006
Injury and Poisoning Other causes
5% 17% 19
Source:
Central Statistics Office
2008 Healthcare Facts and Figures
Healthcare Tomorrow
20
•
Research and development of new medicines offers hope to an increasingly ageing population of a longer healthy life, well beyond that of previous generations. For example, there are currently over 600 medicines in development to combat cancer. These include 96 for lung cancer; 79 for breast cancer; 66 for colorectal cancer and 79 for prostate cancer. Additional medicines target brain, kidney, ovarian, pancreatic, skin and other cancers.
•
Research based pharmaceutical companies are the engines of medicines innovation. They have discovered and developed over 90% of all new medicines made available to patients worldwide over the last twenty years.
•
The discovery, development, testing and gaining of regulatory approval for new medicines has become an even more highly complex, lengthy, risky and expensive process. Each success is built on many, many prior failures. On average only one or two of every 10,000 promising substances will successfully pass extensive testing in the R&D phase to be approved as a marketable product. As such the cost of developing a medicine has gone from €149 million in 1975 to €868 million in 2000.
•
It takes an average 10 to 12 years to develop a new medicine from the time it is discovered to when it passes the regulatory standards of safety, quality and efficacy and is available to patients. Once on the market the average medicine has only 8 to 10 years of effective patent protection left before facing generic competition. Only three out of ten marketed medicines produce revenues that match or exceed their R&D costs before they lose patent protection.
•
The European pharmaceutical industry employed over 102,000 people in R&D in 2006 and spent a total of €22.5 billion on such work.
•
Innovation is central to the creation of the knowledge based economy of the 21st century. For example in Ireland pharmaceutical industry R&D is responsible for 20% of all business R&D. If innovation is to flourish then it must be rewarded. Whilst Ireland retains a pro-innovation outlook this is increasingly not the case in Europe generally with patient access to new medicines via State reimbursement systems being delayed or even denied entirely. As a result of this less favourable climate for innovation more and more pharmaceutical companies, including European ones, are deciding to locate new R&D facilities outside Europe.
21
Evolution of Innovative Medicines
Treatment for autoimmune disease
The Life Cycle of Medicines
From concept to product: steps in the genesis of a medicine
CNS drugs 10,000 molecules screened Cancer therapies
Complexity
100 molecules tested
Focus on Molecular Structure
Beta-blockers
10 candidate molecules 1 medicine
Anti-arthritis Tranquilizers
Focus on Cell Biochemistry Research phase
Antihypertensives
Serendipitous Observation
0
Test phase 5 years
Antibiotics
10 years R&D
Development phase 10 years
Administrative Procedures 15 years
Commercialisation phase 20 years
2 to 3 years
Sulfonamides
Focus on Tissue Biochemistry
Patent filing
Patent expiry
Aspirin
1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Accumulated Knowledge of Human, Cell and Molecular Biology Source:
22
Boston Consulting Group
23
Cost of Developing a New Medicine
Medicines in Development
1000 92
HIV/AIDS 868
800
197
Mental Health Children
219
Neurological Conditions
241
Heart Disease and Stroke
€ (Millions)
600
277 303
Rare Diseases Infectious Diseases
400 344
338
Biotech
418
646
Cancer
200
149
Women
700
Ageing
900
0 1975 Source:
24
1987
2000
J.A DiMasi, R.W. Hansen and H.G. Grabowski, ‘The Price of Innovation: New Estimates of Drug Development Costs’, Journal of Health Economics 22 (2003) : 151-185
0 Source: Note:
100
200
500 400 300 Number of Medicines
600
700
800
PhRMA, Innovation.org 2007 data for Children, HIV/Aids, Infectious Diseases, Rare Diseases, Women, 2006 data for Biotech, Mental Health, Neurological Disorders, Ageing, Cancer
25
900
Business Sector R&D in Ireland
Changes in Location of Pharmaceutical Industry Research Sites in the Period 2001-2006
18 16
14
12
10
8
6
26
Software/Computer related
30%
Electrical/Electronic equipment
21%
Pharmaceuticals
20%
4
2
Instruments
9%
Food, Drink & Tobacco
5%
Other services
4%
Chemicals
3%
New Research Sites
Other sectors
8%
Closed Research Sites
Source:
Source: Forfås Research and Development Statistics in Ireland, 2006 – at a glance
0 Europe
Note: Source:
USA
Data collected from 22 global pharmaceutical companies IMI, EFPIA Research Directors Group, IFPMA
Asia
27
2008 Healthcare Facts and Figures
The Medic ines Industry •
28
The pharmaceutical industry has been one of the principal contributors to the growth of the Irish economy in recent years. The industry employs 24,500 people directly, with as many again employed providing services to it. In 2006, pharmaceutical exports exceeded €14.8 billion making Ireland the largest net exporter of pharmaceuticals in the world. Using the broader pharmachem measure, exports exceeded €36 billion, or nearly 50% of all exports from the State.
•
One hundred and twenty pharmaceutical companies have operations in Ireland, including fourteen of the top fifteen worldwide and the total replacement value today of the investment by the sector in the Irish economy exceeds €40 billion. Over €5.2 billion has been invested in the last seven years in a period when job growth in the sector has averaged 1,000 annually.
•
The market for pharmaceuticals continues to grow as will be outlined in the next section on medicines in the community.
•
Irish consumption of medicines remains amongst the lowest in Western Europe. Growth in the Irish market has to be viewed against this background and against the ever-increasing sums being invested to improve public health.
•
Four therapy areas – the cardiovascular system (24%), the nervous system (18%), the alimentary tract/metabolism (16%) and the respiratory system (11%) - make up over two-thirds of the total Irish market for prescribed medication.
•
Self-medication is an important element of the total Irish market for pharmaceutical products. The leading areas of the market include analgesics (24%), cough and cold treatments (17%) and vitamins and minerals (14%).
•
The Association of the European Self-Medication Industry (AESGP) has estimated that savings of over €75 million annually could be achieved in Ireland if self-medication was practised more widely. The savings could then be put to better use elsewhere in the healthcare system.
29
Employment in the Pharmaceutical Industry in Ireland
Leading Pharmaceutical Companies by Sales in Ireland and Globally
1998-2006 Ireland Top 101 25000
24000
24500 15.1
Global Top 102
By Rank
By Rank
1.
Pfizer
1.
Pfizer
2.
GlaxoSmithKline
2.
GlaxoSmithKline
3.
AstraZeneca
3.
Novartis
4.
sanofi-aventis
4.
sanofi-aventis
5.
Wyeth
5.
Johnson & Johnson
6.
Novartis
6.
AstraZeneca
7.
Lilly
7.
Merck & Co.
8.
Roche
8.
Roche
9.
Merck Sharp & Dohme
9.
Abbott
20000
20000
No. of persons employed
16000
15000 13100 11200
10000
9400 7700 6200 5200
5000
10. Johnson & Johnson
10. Amgen
0 1988 Source:
30
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
IPHA Estimates based on Central Statistics Office and IDA Ireland Data
2006 Source:
1
IMS Health Data Oct 2006 2 IMS Health Data Dec 2006 Note: “Merck & Co., Inc.� has its headquarters in Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA and operates in most countries outside the U.S., including Ireland, as Merck Sharp & Dohme.
31
Pharmaceutical Expenditure per Capita in Western Europe
World Trade in Pharmaceuticals 2005
2005
Denmark
Country
270
Netherlands**
318
Ireland
321
Greece
322
Sweden
348
Finland
364
Spain*
401 407
Austria Switzerland
424
Germany
429
Italy
520
France
599
0
100
200
400
300
500
600
Exports $
Imports $
Balance $
Ireland
17,994
2,484
15,510
Switzerland
25,131
12,983
12,148
Germany
37,506
30,097
7,409
UK
22,487
15,964
6,523
France
22,912
17,040
5,872
Sweden
7,192
2,720
4,472
Austria
4,507
4,207
300
Netherlands
11,074
11,301
-227
Italy
13,135
13,870
-735
Belgium
35,024
35,804
-780
Spain
5,933
8,844
-2,911
Japan
3,327
8,204
-4,877
25,946
39,323
-13,377
USA
700
US $ PPP Source:
32
OECD Health Data 2006 * Data relates to 2003 ** Data relates to 2002
Source:
World Trade Organisation
33
Distribution of Global Pharmaceutical Sales by Region
Self Medication Market in Ireland 2006
2006
North America
47.7%
Europe
29.9%
Asia, Africa, Australia incl. Japan 17.9% Latin America
Source:
4.5%
IMS Health Data Dec 2006
2006 Global Sales â‚Ź462 billion
Total Market â‚Ź274m* Analgesics
24%
Cough & Cold
17%
Vitamins & Minerals
14%
Digestives & Intestinal Remedies
11%
Skin Treatment
11%
Others
23%
Source:
34
IMS Health * At consumer price level
35
OTC Medicines as a % of the Total Pharmaceutical Market 2006
Portugal
6.2
Austria
8.6
Sweden
9.4
Finland
9.9
Italy
10.5
Spain
11.0
Netherlands
12.5
Ireland
15.5
Belgium
15.6
UK
16.1
Germany
16.8
France
18.1
Denmark
18.4
0
2
4
6
8
12
10
14
16
18
20
% Source:
36
AESGP Economic and Legal Framework for Non-Prescription Medicines 2007
37
2008 Healthcare Facts and Figures
Medicines in the Community Expenditure on the community medicines schemes has risen steadily in recent years. The factors behind that growth include: •
38
Ireland’s rapidly increasing and ageing population: Ireland’s population increased by nearly 325,000 in the four years April 2002/2006. The country also has an ageing population with people living longer, and as they do so, they are making greater use of modern medicines. Currently there are approximately 500,000 people over the age of 65 (11.7% of the population). This is projected to more than double to 1.14 million by 2036. The number of those aged 80 and over is set to treble from a 2001 level of 98,000 to 320,000 in 2036.
•
The development of new treatments and more patients availing of them: for example in the areas of preventative medicine and the long-term treatment of chronic illness. The number of patients registered under the High Tech Scheme in 2006 was 36,500, up nearly 450% on the figure in 1997 (8,250).
•
The introduction of Government initiatives to improve public health: the cardiovascular and the cancer strategies were launched with a view to improving poor health outcomes in these disease areas. They have resulted in more people being treated and naturally an increase in the utilisation of medicines. For example the prescribing frequency of cardiovascular system medication under the GMS Scheme increased from 3.6 million in 1996 to 10.2 million in 2006 (an increase of 183%).
•
Epidemiological evolution: the increased incidence of chronic and non-communicable diseases is generally quite costly to treat. Ireland has one of the highest incidences of asthma in the world, currently 12%, and increasing levels of diseases like diabetes and obesity.
•
State decisions on eligibility and administration of the community drug schemes: the granting of medical cards to everyone over 70 and the introduction of the Drug Payment Scheme resulted in substantial growth in the State bill. For example the Deloitte review of the Governance and Accountability Mechanisms in the Community Drug Schemes (2003) noted that the provision of medical cards to the over 70s cost an additional €126m in the first full year of the arrangement in 2002. It also noted that the number of claimants under the DPS increased by 40% between 2000 and 2002.
The growth in medicine expenditure also has to be seen in the context of the fact that Irish spending on pharmaceuticals is starting from a low base. According to comparative OECD data for 2005 Ireland had the lowest expenditure per capita on medicines in Western Europe. It also has to be seen in the context of the large scale and ongoing increases in Irish health spending.
39
Community Medical Schemes Expenditure
GMS Scheme Expenditure and % Growth Rate
2006
1998-2006 The Scheme provides free medical services to persons who would not otherwise be able, without undue hardship, to afford such services.
975
600
1000
922
28
900 900
922 27
825
816
800
750
500
749
700
675
400
639
600
525
€ (Millions)
€ (Millions)
600
450
17
540
500
300
14.8 426
400
375
18
17
11
12 332
283
300
300
252
200
283 8
207
225
200 150
100
115
100
75 0 Long Term Illness Scheme Source:
40
High Tech Scheme
Drug Payment Scheme
General Medical Services (GMS) Scheme
National Shared Services Primary Care Reimbursement Service Annual Report 2006 The GMS Scheme figures exclude VAT and the High Tech Scheme figures exclude patient care fees.
0
0 1999 1998 Expenditure
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
% Growth Rate Source:
GMS (Payments) Board Annual Reports 1998 – 2006 Primary Care Reimbursement Service Annual Reports 2005/6 Figures excluding VAT
41
The Ageing of the GMS
Drugs Payment Scheme Expenditure
1994-2006
1999-2006
While the overall numbers eligible for medical cards has fallen since 1994, the number of cardholders aged 65 and over has increased by nearly 36% (a trend significantly accentuated by the granting of medical cards to everyone over 70 years old in 2001).
300 283
275 Year
Total No. of Eligible Persons
As a % of the Population
Total No. Aged 65 years+
65+ as a % of Eligible Persons
2006
1,222,000
30.1%
404,000
33.1%
2004
1,149,000
29.3%
383,000
33.3%
2000
1,148,000
30.3%
323,000
247
250 224
225 204
200
192
28.1%
178
1994
Source:
1,287,000
36.0%
297,000
GMS (Payment) Board Annual Reports 1994-2004 Primary Care Reimbursement Service Annual Reports 2005/6
23.1%
â‚Ź (Millions)
175 150
141
125 105
100 75 50 25 0 1999
Source:
42
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
GMS (Payments) Board Annual Reports 1999 – 2004 Primary Care Reimbursement Service Annual Reports 2005/6
43
High Tech Scheme Expenditure
Long Term Illness Scheme Expenditure
1999-2006
1999-2006
Developments in biotechnology and therapeutics have given rise to the introduction of medicines for the treatment of medical conditions, many of which previously had either no effective treatment or required extended in-patient hospital care. Under the Scheme these medicines are dispensed by the community pharmacist.
The Long Term Illness Scheme is for persons who suffer from one or more defined long term illnesses. It gives such persons the right to obtain, irrespective of income, relevant medication free of charge.
120
250
115
101
207
100
200
86 169
80 73 141
€ (Millions)
€ (Millions)
150
104
100
62
60 52 42
80
40 34
61 49
50
40
20
0
0 1999 44
Source:
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1999
2006
GMS (Payments) Board Annual Reports 1999– 2006 Primary Care Reimbursement Service Annual Reports 2005/6 Figures exclude patient care fees. The number of patients registered under the Scheme has increased from just over 8,000 in 1998 to nearly 36,500 in 2006.
Source:
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
GMS (Payments) Board Annual Reports 1998-2004 Primary Care Reimbursement Service Annual Reports 2005/6
2005
2006 45
2008 Healthcare Facts and Figures
Medicines in the Developing World •
Of the 340 medicines on the World Health Organisation (WHO) essential drugs lists, 95% of them have no patents. This means that there is no patent obstacle preventing cheap generic copies of the vast majority of essential medicines being produced locally for poor people in developing countries. But those people are not getting them.
•
Patents are not what prevent access to medicines. The real barrier hindering access to treatments is in fact a lack of the basic healthcare infrastructure required to get existing medicines to people. Other factors such as a lack of access to basics like food, decent housing and clean water, armed conflict, corruption, bureaucracy and the lack of simple prevention measures like condoms and mosquito nets, unfortunately mean that poor health is endemic for the world's poorest people.
•
•
Pharmaceutical company measures which focus on improving access to medicines by offering both free medicines and tiered pricing are usually insufficient to achieve better health outcomes in under-developed countries. As such, companies are increasingly involved in other activities, including basic health education, encouraging behavioural change, training health personnel, mounting prevention campaigns, as well as providing infrastructure for delivering healthcare services.
•
Several pharmaceutical companies have R&D centres which are 100% dedicated to R&D for diseases of the developing world. The companies concerned have all undertaken to make the fruits of these centres' available at prices adapted to low income.
Dealing with these problems requires sophisticated approaches and as such, pharmaceutical companies recognising their role and responsibility in building healthier societies have invested enormous amounts of time, money and expertise in building effective long-term partnerships with international, governmental and local agencies.
© GSK
46
47
Industry Supported Public Private Partnerships in the Developing World
48
Malaria
13%
Tuberculosis
13%
Tropical Diseases
19%
Vaccine Preventable
10%
Child & Maternal
17%
Chronic Diseases
11%
HIV/Aids
52%
The pharmaceutical industry has also been involved in a number of emergency relief efforts and other additional health initiatives. Source:
IFPMA Partnerships to Help Build Healthier Societies in the Developing World 2007
Notes
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