Concise Edition: Pile Foundation Basics

Concise Edition: Pile Foundation Basics

by Ir. MD Nursyazwi Bin Haji Mohammad

All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including scanning, photocopying, or otherwise without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Copyright Š 2020

Table of Contents 1. FOREWORD 2. PILE FOUNDATION 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Factors of Pile Foundation 2.3. Criteria for the Design and Selection of Pile Foundation 2.4. Underground Conditions 2.5. Pile Resistance 2.6. Types of Pile

3. SPUN PILE 4. SHEET PILE 5. RC PILE 6. PILE LOAD CAPACITY 6.1. Pile Arrangement 6.2. Load Distribution 6.2.1. Vertical Piles Only 6.2.1.1. Example and Solution 6.2.2. Vertical and Raking Piles 6.3. Pile Foundation Analysis and Design

7. PREPARATION BEFORE PILING WORK 7.1. Piling Equipment 7.2. Pile Hammer Data 7.3. Data Collection

1. FOREWORD Firstly, I want to thank you because you have decided to buy this book, namely Concise Edition: Pile Foundation Basics.

This book is not as great, nor is it comparable to other Pile Foundation related books. What I can say, this book was written to facilitate understanding and to help readers deepen their knowledge of the Pile Foundation.

This is because not all books are suitable for readers. Even with the same title, however, there are some books that go so far that they interfere with the main purpose of delivering the message.

As such, I take a different approach by reducing unnecessary, lengthy, and sparse sentences. The book is therefore readable to all readers of all ages.

Concise Edition: Pile Foundation Basics is the result of my 10 years of experience in engineering and geotechnical. It's a book with a simple story, about what the Pile Foundation is, what type of pile and material it uses, and what the basics and methods of estimation are.

What I hope for is, even though this book is a bit scholarly, but it will definitely benefit you, whether you are a student, teacher, engineer or whatever career you are pursuing.

Ir. MD Nursyazwi Bin Haji Mohammad Author

2. Pile Foundation What is a Pile Foundation?

It is a foundation system that transfers loads to a deeper and competent soil layer.

When To Use Pile Foundations?

1. Inadequate Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations 2. To Prevent Uplift Forces 3. To Reduce Excessive Settlement

2.1. Introduction The pile is derived from the word "Pill" which means sharp arrows or poles from the "Anglo-Saxon" language and some even name it a spade. The pile plays an important role as a key component in moving the base load through low-bearing soil strata to strata or rocks with high bearing capacity.

In normal soil conditions, pile foundations are used to withstand elevations such as offshore platforms, foundations below groundwater levels or basic transmission towers.

Pile foundations are also used in soft soil to withstand horizontal loads, such as wind power and earthquake bending forces. Soils that are easy to grow and shrink that are sensitive to soil moisture change also need a pile. In addition, for construction works on water such as jetty and bridge piers, it also requires a pile foundation.

There are various types, shapes, sizes and materials used for the pile foundation and the selection is dependent on the specific situation.

2.2. Factors of Pile Foundation The use of pile as one of the important elements in the construction of a structure has long begun in the history of civil engineering in the world. Piles are used as supports and tools to move loads from the structure to the ground.

Pile use is due to: 1. The existence of a suitable bearing layer could not be obtained. The soil under the structure is not functioning well or in other words is unable to bear the load caused by the structure when the shallow foundation is used.

2. The compressibility of soil causes great sedimentation when the shallow foundation is used.

3. The distribution of soil beneath the surface is not uniform.

4. For the purpose of preventing the action of gravity from beneath the surface such as hydrostatic action.

5. To obtain a strong strata in the excavation work.

2.3. Criteria for the Design and Selection of Pile Foundation The selection and design of the pile system must meet the following requirements:    

Has an appropriate safety factor for failure of pile structure as well as soil that supports the pile system.

The amount of sludge and the sludge difference should not be large so that it does not affect the service conditions of the structure.

Pile resistance and specific soil conditions.

The safety and stability of the surrounding building structure and its service conditions should be taken into account.

However, there are three key factors in the design and selection of the appropriate pile, namely:   

Underground conditions.

The location and type of construction of the structure.

Pile resistance and durability.

2.4. Underground Conditions As you know, the choice of pile type for the basic system depends on the soil conditions.

The use of pile for underground conditions is divided into four sections:    

Poor soil bearing capacity, above the strata.

Poor soil bearing capacity, on hard clay or granular soil.

Hard clay or compressible clay.

Poor soil bearing capacity, on hard rock.

2.5. Pile Resistance