საპოლიციო ზომები ლგბტ პირთა მიმართ სიძულვილით მოტივირებული დანაშაულის აღსაკვეთად: by Irma Liparteliani

sapolicio zomebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

avtorebi: joana peri da pol frani

sapolicio zomebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

avtorebi: joana peri da pol frani redaqtireba da koordinacia: iuri de bori da evgenia giakomopolo

Council of Europe

Original title: Policing Hate Crime against LGBTI persons: Training for a Professional Police Response ტექსტი შეიქმნა და გამოიყენება ევროპის საბჭოს ნებართვით. ეს დოკუმენტი გამოქვეყნდა ევროპის საბჭოსთან შეთანხმებით მთარგმნელ(ებ)ის სრული პასუხისმგებლობის ქვეშ. წინამდებარე ნაშრომში გამოხატული მოსაზრებები ეკუთვნის ავტორებს და შეიძლება არ ასახავდეს ევროპის საბჭოს მოსაზრებებს. საქართველოში სახელმძღვანელოს ადაპტაცია უზრუნველყო შინაგან საქმეთა სამინისტროს აკადემიაში შექმნილმა სამუშაო ჯგუფმა ევროპის საბჭოს პროექტის „დისკრიმინაციის, სიძულვილით მოტივირებული დანაშაულისა და სიძულვილის ენის წინააღმდეგ ბრძოლა საქართველოში“ დახმარებით. ჯგუფის შემადგენლობა: შინაგან საქმეთა სამინისტროს აკადემია, ადამიანის უფლებათა დაცვისა და გამოძიების ხარისხის მონიტორინგის დეპარტამენტი და სახალხო დამცველის აპარატი. პროცესში ჩართულები იყვნენ ასევე EMC, WISG და თანასწორობის მოძრაობის წარმომადგენლები. პუბლიკაცია ქართულ ენაზე ითარგმნა და გამოიცა ევროპის საბჭოს პროექტის „დისკრიმინაციის, სიძულვილით მოტივირებული დანაშაულისა და სიძულვილის ენის წინააღმდეგ ბრძოლა საქართველოში“ ფარგლებში ევროპის საბჭოს 2020-2023 წწ სამოქმედო გეგმის ქვეშ დანიის სამეზობლო პროგრამის (DANEP) მხარდაჭერით. წინამდებარე დოკუმენტის ან მისი ნაწილის რეპროდუქციასთან ან თარგმნასთან დაკავშირებით, გთხოვთ, მიმართოთ კომუნიკაციების დირექტორატს (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex ან publishing@coe.int), ხოლო დოკუმენტის შესახებ ნებისმიერი სხვა სახის კორესპონდენცია, გთხოვთ, გაუგზავნოთ დემოკრატიის გენერალურ დირექტორატს, სექსუალური ორიენტაციის და გენდერული იდენტობის დეპარტამენტს. წინამდებარე გამოცემა არ არის რედაქტირებული დოკუმენტების და პუბლიკაციების წარმოების დეპარტამენტის (SPDP) მიერ, ბეჭდვითი და გრამატიკული შეცდომების შესწორების მიზნით. ყდა და დიზაინი: დოკუმენტების და პუბლიკაციების წარმოების დეპარტამენტი (SPDP), ევროპის საბჭო ფოტო: Shutterstock © ევროპის საბჭო, 2020 წლის დეკემბერი.

სარჩევი Sesavali da mimoxilva 5 mimoxilva 7 I moduli: ratom varT aq? 10 II moduli: ZiriTadi cnebebi 29 moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi – lgbt Temi – homofobia, transfobia, stereotipizacia da diskriminacia 30 moduli 2(b): ZiriTadi cnebebi da definiciebi – siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli 50 III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: adamianis uflebebsa da diskriminaciis akrZalvaze dafuZnebuli midgoma 60 IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba

V moduli: samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba (CSOs) 133 danaSaulis gamoZiebis rukis Sedgena: politikis CarCo 146 danarTi 1: dRis wesrigebis nimuSebi erT da ordRiani treningebisTvis

153

► gverdi 3

treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

Sesavali da mimoxilva  policia sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis wina xazze dgas da siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplTa umetesobas swored maTTan aqvT pirveli kontaqti.1 lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis identificirebisa da gamoZiebisTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis gareSe, policia ver SeZlebs msxverplTa dacvas da samarTliani marTlmsajulebis uzrunvelyofas, sazogadoebis ndobis mopovebas an siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis maregulirebeli erovnuli kanonmdeblobis samarTlian da gamWvirvale gamoyenebas.  evropis sabWo didi xania muSaobs cnobierebis amaRlebaze mizanmimarTuli Zaladobis, maT Soris, rasistuli, religiuri, genderuli, homofobiuri da transfobiuri danaSaulis Sesaxeb. ministrTa komitetisa da saparlamento asambleis sakvanZo rezoluciebsa da rekomendaciebSi aRiarebulia lgbt pirTa mimarT diskriminaciisa da danaSaulis ziani da zegavlena; aseve, xazgasmulia treningebis Catarebis mniSvneloba msxverplTa mxardaWeris, samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan TanamSromlobis, samarTaldamcavi organoebisa da sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sferoSi moRvawe specialistebisTvis.2 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentul samarTalSi calsaxad aRiarebulia siZulvilisa da homofobiuri motivis „gamoaSkaravebis“ mniSvneloba da xazgasmulia Sedegebi, romlebic dadgeba maTi gamovlenis gareSe: „sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebis mxridan marTlmsajulebis aRsru1. evropis sabWo aRiarebs, rom termini „msxverpli“ miuRebelia bevri adamianisTvis, vinc siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis samizne gaxda. vaRiarebT, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi adamianebi amjobineben termins „gadarCenili“, radgan kargad asaxavs maT gamocdilebas. am saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebulia termini „msxverpli“, radgan yvelaze ukeT Seesabameba im piris iuridiul da teqnikur statuss, romelic siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis samizne gaxda da Sexeba aqvs policiasa Tu sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sferos sxva struqturebTan. winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi araerTgzis gaesva xazi, rom policiam dazaralebulze orientirebuli midgoma unda danergos: kerZod, hkiTxos mas, Tu rogor surs, mimarTon, da SeZlebisdagvarad gaiTvaliswinos misi survilebi. 2. ix. ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia CM/Rec (2010)5 wevri qveynebisadmi seqsualuri orientaciis an genderuli identobis safuZvelze diskriminaciasTn brZolis Sesaxeb; da evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleis 2048 (2015) rezolucia evropaSi transgenderi adamianebis mimarT diskriminaciis Sesaxeb.

► gverdi 5

lebisadmi mkacri midgomis gareSe, diskriminaciuli motiviT Cadenili danaSaulebi Cveulebriv danaSaulebad ganixileba, rac gautoldeba oficialur an dumiliT gamoxatul Tanxmobas siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebze.“3  winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo miemarTeba evropis sabWos regionSi dasaqmebul policielTa trenerebs, aseve, gamomZieblebs, menejerebs, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis gamoZiebaSi CarTul oficrebsa da policiis TanamSromlebs. saxelmZRvanelos mizania lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebze treningebis Casatareblad daxmareba, informaciis miwodeba da Sesabamisi instrumentebiT aRWurva. igi efuZneba evropis sabWos standartebs, gansakuTrebiT adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciasa da evropuli sasamarTlos precedentul samarTals, aseve, adamianis uflebaTa sxva saerTaSoriso instrumentebsa da samarTaldamcavi struqturebis warmomadgenelTaTvis SemuSavebul saswavlo masalebs.  saxelmZRvanelo eyrdnoba adamianis uflebaTa midgomasa da sakiTxis eqspertTa Sexedulebebs. rac mTavaria, is orientirebulia msxverplsa da sazogadoebaze, aRiarebs, rom maTi ndoba samarTaldamcavebisadmi da mzaoba TanamSromlobisTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovania am danaSaulis warmatebiT gamoZiebisTvis.  policiis treningi mxolod erTi elementia siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulTan brZolaSi yovlismomcveli midgomis dasanergad. policiis statistikis warmoebis sistemaSi saTanadod unda iyos dokumentirebuli lgbt pirTa mimarT Cadenili siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis yvela aspeqti, xolo saukeTeso sagamoZiebo praqtikas unda uzrunvelyofdes oficialuri instruqciebi da saxelmZRvanelo principebi. treningebi unda gaiaron prokuraturis warmomadgenlebmac, rogorc policiis mTavarma partniorebma, raTa warmatebiT da samarTlianad ganaxorcielon siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna. da bolos, politikuri xelmZRvaneloba unda aRiarebdes lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauliT gamowveul konkretul zians da unda gamoyos Sesabamisi resursebi am treningis saTanado doneze Casatareblad.  saxelmZRvanelo efuZneba siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da diskriminaciis winaaRmdeg brZolis Sesaxeb evropis sabWos standartebsa da seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis danayofis muSaobis Sedegebsa da gamocdilebas. es codna wevr saxelmwifoebs exmareba efeqtiani politikis, kanonmdeblobisa da praqtikuli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebaSi, romelTa mizania lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamovlena, gamoZieba, devna da aseTi danaSaulis msxverplTa dacva.

3. ix. saqme Identoba v Georgia, par. 77. gverdi 6 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

mimoxilva saxelmZRvaneloSi erTiandeba xuTi moduli da „siRrmiseuli analizi“. modulebi moicavs mravalferovan praqtikul aqtivobebs, romlebic dayofilia mkafio etapebad. etapebisTvis miTiTebulia konkretuli droebi da instruqciebi mosamzadebel samuSaoebTan dakavSirebiT. I modulSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia policiis xelmZRvanelobis Zalisxmevaze siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb treningebis warmatebiT CatarebaSi. maTi meSveobiT monawileebma saTanadod unda gaacnobieron lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis zegavlena da gaecnon diskriminaciis farTo konteqsts, romelsac lgbt pirebi ganicdian evropis sabWos regionSi. II moduli exmareba monawileebs iseTi sakvanZo cnebebis ukeT gagebaSi, rogoricaa: „seqsualuri orientacia“; „genderuli identoba“ da „sqesis“ maxasiaTeblebi; „siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli“; „homofobia“, „transfobia“, „stereotipizacia“ da „diskriminacia“. es qmnis safuZvels, rom yuradReba ufro metad gamaxvildes siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebis teqnikur sakiTxebze, romlebic ganxilulia IV modulSi. III modulis savarjiSoebi xels uwyobs adamianis uflebaTa standartebisa da principebis gamoyenebas samarTaldamcavTa mier, raTa efeqtianad gamoiZion lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli. masalebi farTod mimoixilavs saerTaSoriso standartebs da maT praqtikaSi gamoyenebas, radgan am standartebze dayrdnobiT unda ganxorcieldes lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli efeqtiani sapolicio zomebi. IV moduli eTmoba dazaralebulze orientirebul midgomas lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebis farglebSi; aseve, ZiriTad unar-Cvevebs, romlebic aucilebelia diskriminaciis niSniT Seuwynareblobis motivis (siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis ZiriTadi ganmasxvavebeli elementi) gamosakveTad. am modulSi ganxilulia zemoaRniSnuli danaSaulis transgender msxverplTa specifikuri saWiroebebic. da bolos, monawileebi gamowvevis winaSe aRmoCndebian: maT unda ganixilon lgbt TemTan amJamindeli urTierTobis konteqsti. V modulis daxmarebiT monawileebi ukeT gaacnobiereben samoqalaqo seqtoris organizaciaTa muSaobas, aseve, msxverplTa saWiroebebze reagirebis gasaumjobeseblad, rogor SeuZlia policias ufro efeqtiani TanamSromloba maTTan. moduli moicavs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciaTa pirdapir wvlils: am nawilSi isini ganmartaven, Tu ra saxis momsaxurebas awvdian msxverpls, romel

► gverdi 7

monacemebs agroveben da rogoria maTi gamocdileba lgbt msxverplTa saWiroebebTan dakavSirebiT. monawileebs eqnebaT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebTan erTad muSaobis saSualeba, raTa gamoavlinon sferoebi, romlebic, TanamSromlobis SesaZleblobebTan erTad, gaumjobesebas saWiroebs. „siRrmiseuli analizi“ aris arasavaldebulo nawili. misi mizania monawileTa daxmareba: (1) im sakiTxebis identificirebaSi, romlebmac SeiZleba Seaferxos treningebis warmatebiT ganxorcieleba erovnul doneze; da (2) am problemebis gadawyvetaze orientirebuli midgomebis gamovlenaSi. monawileebs eqnebaT erovnuli konteqstis gaanalizebis, aseve, xarvezebisa da SesaZleblobebis gamovlenis saSualeba, im sakvanZo elementebze dayrdnobiT, romlebic aucilebelia siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisadmi yovlismomcveli midgomis SesamuSaveblad. maT Sorisaa: samarTlebrivi CarCo, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRricxvis sistemebi, saxelmZRvaneloebisa da instruqciebis xelmisawvdomoba an ararseboba; treningebi da msxverplTa specializebuli mxardaWeris servisebi.

SeniSvna samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan dakavSirebiT (CSOs) samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi (CSO) policiis mniSvnelovani partniorebi arian, radgan mas exmarebian lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis ukeT gagebasa da maTze efeqtianad reagirebaSi. siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulsa da msxverplTa mxardamWer servisebze monitoringisas maTi mTavari rolis gaTvaliswinebiT, evropis sabWom am saxelmZRvanelos momzadebaSi CarTo wamyvani samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi, romlebsac madlobas uxdis mxardaWerisTvis. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi policiisTvis mniSvnelovani resursia Semdegi garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT: msxverplTaTvis mxardaWeris servisebis SeTavazeba; policiasTan partnioroba treningebis organizebisas; siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gavrcelebasa da gavlenaze informaciisa da monacemebis miwodeba. TiToeuli moduli moicavs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs, Tu rogor SeiZleba policiam isargeblos samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis gamocdilebiTa da mxardaWeriT. V moduli eZRvneba yvelaze nayofierad muSaobas samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan, raTa SesaZlebeli gaxdes siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis efeqtiani identificireba, aseve, gamoZieba da msxverplis mxardaWera. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi am saxelmZRvanelos mniSvnelovan samizne auditoriasac qmnian: misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia advokatirebis resursad, raTa waxalisdes treningebi, romlebic miemarTeba lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze reagirebas da mis gamoZiebas erovnuli da adgilobrivi policiis Zalebis mier.

gverdi 8 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

rogor gamoviyenoT mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo: saWiroebebze morgebuli midgoma saxelmZRvanelo SemuSavebulia imgvarad, rom trenerebs maqsimaluri moqnilobis saSualeba hqondeT. aqtivobebisa da modulebis SerCevisas unda gaiTvaliswinon monawileebi, maspinZeli organizaciis saWiroebebi da iseTi konkretuli konteqstualuri moTxovnebi, magaliTad, rogoricaa SezRuduli dro. rekomendebulia, trenerebi yuradRebiT gaecnon saxelmZRvanelos mimoxilvas da konkretul modulebs, aseve, aqtivobebsa Tu trenerisTvis gankuTvnil SeniSvnebs, raTa Seafason yvelaze Sesaferisi modulebi da aqtivobebi. gamoyenebuli wyaroebis saxiT, aseve, masalebis moZebnis gasaadvileblad, pirvel danarTSi mocemulia erT da ordRiani treningis dRis wesrigis nimuSebi. ZiriTadi saswavlo Sedegebis misaRwevad sakmarisi drois gamoyofisa da saTanado CarTulobisaTvis, rekomendebulia xelmZRvaneloba ordRiani treningis dRis wesrigiT. adgilobrivi konteqstisTvis yvelaze Sesaferisi modulebisa da aqtivobebis SesarCevad, rekomendebulia, trenerebi dRis wesrigis saboloo saxiT SemuSavebamde gaecnon winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos.

â&#x2013;ş gverdi 9

I moduli: ratom varT aq? winapirobebi da mizanSewoniloba aRniSnul modulSi mimoxilulia treningi da ganmartebulia misi mniSvneloba, aseve _ ras iswavlian policiis warmomadgenlebi masSi monawileobiT. moduli iwyeba policiis xelmZRvaneli piris mier warmodgenili prezentaciiT, romelSic saubrobs, Tu ratom aris mniSvnelovani lgbt pirTa mimarT Cadenili siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gacnobiereba da aRmofxvra; aseve, gamoTqvams imeds, rom monawileebi aqtiurad CaerTvebian treningSi da saTanado Zalisxmevas gaiReben dasaxuli saswavlo Sedegebis misaRwevad. am treningiT miRebuli codnis grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi gamoyenebisTvis, policiis xelmZRvaneloba aqtiurad unda uWerdes mxars lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis saTanado gamoZiebas. mniSvnelovania, monawileebma es gzavnili uSualod maTi zemdgomebisagan moisminon: didi gansxvavebaa, msgavsi gzavnili trenerisgan modis Tu xelmZRvanelisgan! modulis meore sakvanZo nawili yuradRebas amaxvilebs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciaTa wvlilze iseTi mimarTulebebiT, rogorebicaa dazaralebulTa poziciis warmoCena, aseve, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis zegavlenis ukeT gacnobiereba adamianebsa da sazogadoebebze. da bolos, monawileebs eZlevaT saSualeba: gaecnon lgbt adamianTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis farTo konteqsts; aseve, ukeT gaacnobieron, rom siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli evropis sabWos regionSi lgbt pirTa mimarT diskriminaciisa da zianis miyenebis mxolod erT-erTi aspeqtia.

gverdi 10 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

swavlebis Sedegebi Sedegad, monawileebi gaacnobiereben:  ratom aris saWiro konkretuli midgomebis danergva lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da sxva saxis Zaladobrivi danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi;  ra mniSvneloba aqvs policiis xelmZRvanelobis mxardaWeras am sferoSi warmatebis miRwevisTvis;  siZulviliT motivirebuli da sxva Zaladobrivi danaSaulis, maT Soris, ojaxSi Zaladobisa da lgbt pirTa mimarT Zaladobis gavrcelebas/zegavlenas;  policiis ZiriTad valdebulebas, daicvas msxverpli, gamoiZios danaSauli da gaswios Tanabari da Rirseuli momsaxureba.

aqtivobebis mimoxilva:  aqtivoba 1.1: xelmZRvaneli piris wvlili treningis miznebisa da saWiroebebis gansazRvraSi;  aqtivoba 1.2: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRwera;  aqtivoba 1.3: lgbt pirTa mimarT diskriminaciisa da Zaladobis statistikis mimoxilva. aqtivoba 1.1: xelmZRvaneli piris wvlili treningis miznebisa da saWiroebebis gansazRvraSi; sesiis dawyebamde ecadeT, SexvdeT policiis warmomadgenels, anda telefoniT an elfostiT ganixiloT, romel ZiriTad sakiTxebze unda gamaxvildes yuradReba maT gamosvlaSi. bunebrivia, maT sakuTari azri aqvT amis Sesaxeb. SegiZliaT, SesTavazoT Semdegi sakiTxebis xazgasma:

 policiis mier Tanabari servisebis miwodeba yvela TemisaTvis da yvela dazaralebulTan Rirsebisa da pativiscemis dacviT mopyroba (miuxedavad maTi mdgomareobisa). yuradRebis gamaxvileba, rom policiis samsaxuris am ZiriTad princips icavT.  lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis uaRresad saziano zegavlena; mikerZoebuli damokidebulebiT ganpirobebuli motivis efeqtianad gamoZieba; prokuraturasTan TanamSromloba am danaSaulTa efeqtiani sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnisaTvis; da siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis maregulirebeli kanonebis gamoyeneba;  ra codna unda miiRon monawileebma treningis Sedegad: codnisa da unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis efeqtianad gamoZiebasa da Sesabamis TemebTan muSaobaze (sadac SesaZlebelia, partniorobiT); danaSaulis aRricxvis gaumjobeseba da msxverplTa ndobis amaRleba policiisadmi _ aseT rTul da mgrZnobiare sakiTxebze efeqtiani TanamSromlobis mxriv;

I moduli: ratom varT aq? ► gverdi 11

 lgbt Temis mimarT policiis arasaTanado mopyrobaze mkafio procedurebis dacviT braldebebis srulad gamoZieba;  rogor gauwevs policiis xelmZRvaneloba monitorings treningis Sedegebs da am codnis gamoyenebas policiis mTeli sistemis masStabiT.

aqtivoba 1.2: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli da msxverplTa xedva Tu SeuZlebelia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciaTa CarTva am sesiaSi, Tavidanve aRniSneT, rom maT mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes saxelmZRvanelos/ treningis momzadebaSi. gamoiyeneT sagulisxmo gzavnili: „Cven mWidrod vTanamSromlobdiT samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan am modulis momzadebisas; Tqven samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan unda iTanamSromloT misi ganxorcielebis procesSi~. 1. sesiis dawyebamde, garkveuli dro dauTmeT im samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciaTa identificirebas, romlebic monitorings uweven siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis mxriv arsebul viTarebas an/da uSualod exmarebian msxverpls erovnul Tu adgilobriv doneze. mniSvnelovania iseTi samoqalaqo organizaciebis CarTvac, romlebic muSaoben lgbt Temis yvela jgufTan. policiis warmomadgenlebma unda icodnen, romeli organizaciebi aqtiuroben am sferoSi. aseve SegiZliaT: ewvioT veb-gverds hatecrime.osce.org, moZebnoT konkretuli qveynis veb-gverdTa seqciebi da gamoavlinoT Tqvens regionSi arsebuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi, romlebic aqtiurad muSaoben am sakiTxebze;4 mimarToT kolegas ILGA-Europe-idan5 an TGEU-dan6, an evropis sabWos SOGI danayofs Sesabamisi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciis sakontaqto informaciis mosaZieblad. ecadeT, SexvdeT maT warmomadgenlebs an daukavSirdeT telefoniT/eleqtronuli fostiT, raTa gagacnon TavianTi CarTulobis ZiriTadi aspeqtebi. Tqvenc miawodeT informacia treningis Sesaxeb da yuradReba gaamaxvileT im faqtze, rom policiasa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs Soris TanamSromloba detalurad ganxilulia V modulSi.

 waaxaliseT am organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi, rom ufro dawvrilebiT isaubron TavianTi organizaciis saqmianobaze, aseve, maTTan policiis kavSirsa da TanamSromlobaze. savaraudod, am adamianebs sakuTari mosazrebebi eqnebaT sasaubro sakiTxebze. SegiZliaT, SesTavazoT:  monawileebisTvis msxverplTa mdgomareobis gacnoba Semdegi gzebiT: saubari konkretuli lgbt piris mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze; an, samuSao gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gavlenaTa zogadi mimoxilva. 4. mag.: espaneTis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi, romlebic aqtiurad arian CarTuli siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis monitoringSi, SegiZliaT moiZioT Semdeg nawilSi: „informacia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis Sesaxeb“: http://hatecrime. osce.org/spain?year=2015

5. http://www.ilga-europe.org/who-we-are/contact-us 6. http://tgeu.org/about: daaTvaliereT es gverdi qveynebis mixedviT, wevri organizaciebis CamonaTvalsa da maT sakontaqto monacemebze informaciis mosaZieblad. gverdi 12 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

 yuradRebis gamaxvileba siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplTa saWiroebebze, aseve, Tu ratom aris maTTvis Zneli msgavsi incidentebis gacxadeba policiisTvis.  saubari treningis mniSvnelobaze; yuradRebis gamaxvileba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciaTa wvlilze treningebSi, gansakuTrebiT, V modulis momzadebaSi.  konkretuli da realisturi winadadebebis miwodeba (maSinac ki, Tu es mxolod mcire nabijebia!), Tu rogor SeiZleba gaaumjobesos policiam urTierTobebi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebsa da Sesabamis TemebTan.

aqtivoba 1.3: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli da misi konteqsti arsebobs mTeli rigi gzebi, romelTa gamoyenebiTac SegiZliaT waradginoT lgbt pirTa mimarT diskriminaciis, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da sxva saxis Zaladobis statistika. am nawilSi asaxuli monacemebi SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT PowerPoint prezentaciebis mosamzadeblad, monawileTaTvis gankuTvnili masalebi ki _ 1.3 da 1.4 jgufuri diskusiis mosawyobad. es sesia, daaxloebiT, 10 wuTi unda gagrZeldes da SeiZleba gaerTiandes 1.2 aqtivobasTan. 1. sesiis dawyebamde dauTmeT garkveuli dro 1.3 da 1.4 dasarigebeli masalebis gacnobas, romlebic moicavs statistikas da informacias sakvanZo saerTaSoriso angariSebidan. SegiZliaT, moiyvanoT damatebiTi informacia erovnuli Tu adgilobrivi konteqstis Sesaxeb, TqvenTvis xelmisawvdomi informaciis safuZvelze. gamoiyeneT am modulis bolos CamoTvlili publikaciebi informaciis wyaros saxiT da konkretuli kazusebis gamosayeneblad. arsebobs Tu ara statistikuri monacemebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb erovnul doneze? ra wyaroebze dayrdnobiT aris momzadebuli es statistika? iseTi oficialuri wyaroebidan, rogorebicaa: policia, erovnuli da adgilobrivi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi an saerTaSoriso angariSebi? mniSvnelovania Tqven mier moZiebuli informaciis wyaroebis dazusteba, raTa SegeZloT am informaciis sarwmunoobis dazusteba, Tuki es eWvqveS dadgeba. magaliTad, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciaTa monacemebis gamoyeneba sruliad misaRebia, magram unda icodeT, rom policiam SeiZleba ar aRiaros isini lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis oficialuri viTarebis amsaxvel monacemebad. Tu es sakiTxi treningis farglebSi gaxdeba sakamaTo, Tavi unda aaridoT policiasTan pirdapir kamaTs, magram unda ganumartoT, rom:

 monacemebi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb SeiZleba sxvadasxva wyarodan iyos moZiebuli;  SesaZloa, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis xelT arsebulma monacemebma ar miaRwios policiamde, magram es aris uaRresad mniSvnelovani masala, ro-

I moduli: ratom varT aq? ► gverdi 13

melic xels uwyobs lgbt pirTa gamocdilebis saTanadod gaazrebas policiis mier.

ď&#x201A;&#x201E; treningis mizania, gamoavlinos informaciis sxva wyaroebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb da aseTi informaciis oficialuri wyaroebis gaumjobesebis gzebi. erovnuli konteqstisa da statistikis Seswavlisas gamoiyeneT 1.5 dasarigebel masalebSi miTiTebuli resursebis CamonaTvali. 2. sesia gaxseniT ganmartebiT, rom lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulTa statistikis konteqstSi gasaTvaliswinebelia ori aspeqti: pirvel rigSi, lgbt pirebi ufro metad eqvemdebarebian Zaladobisa da diskriminaciis risks, vidre zogadad mosaxleobis sxva jgufebi; da meore, isini naklebad acxadeben policiaSi, rom danaSaulis msxverplni arian. amis Semdeg saWiroa xazgasma, rom policiis oficrebi garkveuli gamowvevis winaSe dganan: maT unda daarwmunon lgbt pirebi danaSaulis Sesaxeb gacxadebaSi da Tavad waaxalison isini, rom rac SeiZleba meti informacia waradginon incidentze, maqsimalurad usafrTxo gziT. policiis oficrebma unda gaataron Sesabamisi zomebi. 3. SeatyobineT jgufs, rom apirebT statistikis gaziarebas maTTvis. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom, wina sesiisas miTiTebuli SemTxvevis msgavsad, TiToeuli SemTxveva Seexeba konkretul adamians. mniSvnelovania ara mxolod siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis miRma arsebuli statistikis gaazreba, aramed _ misi zegavlenis gaTvaliswinebac. 4. axla gadadiT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da, zogadad, diskriminaciis gavrcelebisa da gavlenis sakvanZo sakiTxebze, 1.3. da 1.4. dasarigebel masalebze dayrdnobiT. garda amisa, am masalebis gamoyeneba SegiZliaT PowerPoint prezentaciebis mosamzadebladac. 5. bolos, daarigeT masala 1.5. da ganumarteT monawileebs, rom am masaliT sargebloba SeuZliaT kolegebisTvis Casatarebeli treningebis momzadebisas.

dasarigebeli masala 1.3: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli da misi konteqsti evropis sabWos regionSi siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze Zalian cota informacia da statistikuri monacemebia xelmisawvdomi, magram arsebobs mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebebi, romlebic adasturebs, rom lgbt pirTa maRali procenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplia. qvemoT moyvanilia amonaridebi ZiriTadi saerTaSoriso angariSebidan, romlebic sakmaris informacias Seicavs siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebsa da diskriminaciaze lgbt pirTa mimarT. maTi gamoyeneba SeiZleba Tqvens konteqstSi, am incidentebis gavrcelebasa da zegavlenaze warmodgenis Sesaqmnelad. mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom am mxriv qveynebSi gansxvavebuli viTarebebia da es aris sakiTxi, romelic yuradRebiT unda gaiTvaliswinoT Tqveni qveynis konteqstSi. gverdi 14 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

bevri samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizacia agrovebs monacemebs evropis sabWos regionSi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb, Tumca am Temaze oficialuri angariSebis raodenoba SedarebiT mcirea. qvemoT moyvanili diagrama gviCvenebs, rom 2015 wels samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebma euTo-s (OSCE) demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis uflebaTa ofiss (ODIHR) 24 qveynis Sesaxeb warudgines informacia siZulviliT motivirebul incidentebze (yovelwliuri angariSebis wardgenis meqanizmis farglebSi), maSin rodesac aseT SemTxvevebze miwodebuli oficialuri statistikiT ODIHR-s mxolod 12-ma qveyanam warudgina oficialuri angariSi. qveynebi, romlebmac waradgines angariSi: albaneTi

andora

somxeTi

avstria

azerbaijani

belarusi

belgia

bosnia da hercogovina

bulgareTi

kanada

xorvatia

kviprosi

CexeTis respublika

dania

estoneTi

fineTi

safrangeTi

saqarTvelo

germania

saberZneTi

vatikani

ungreTi

islandia

irlandia

italia

yazaxeTi

yirgizeTi

latvia

lixtenSteini

lietuva

luqsemburgi

CrdiloeTi makedonia

malta

moldova

monako

monRoleTi

montenegro

niderlandebi

norvegia

poloneTi

portugalia

rumineTi

ruseTis federacia

san-marino

serbeTi

slovakeTi

slovenia

espaneTi

SvedeTi

Sveicaria

tajikeTi

TurqeTi

TurqmeneTi

ukraina

gaerTianebuli samefo

aSS

uzbekeTi

ramdenime aseul angariSs lgbt pirebsa da maT Temebze Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb SegiZliaT gaecnoT misamarTze: http://hatecrime.osce.org/what-hate-crime/bias-against-lgbtpeople”. aq aseve naxavT oficialur monacemebs da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis mier wardgenil monacemebs qveynebis mixedviT. saqarTvelos konteqstis ukeT gasagebad, SegiZliaT ixiloT vebgverdebi: •

https://emc.org.ge/uploads/products/pdf/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83 %A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1% 83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E 1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91 %E1%83%90_1527514179.pdf

•

https://emc.org.ge/uploads/editor/images/UN_independent_expert_on_SOGI_issues_1536141527.pdf

•

https://emc.org.ge/uploads/products/pdf/%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0 %E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%98% E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E 1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E

I moduli: ratom varT aq? ► gverdi 15

1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E 1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A1%E1 %83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1% 83%90_%E1%83%AF%E1%83%92%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%8 3%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83 %A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83% A8%E1%83%98.pdf •

http://women.ge/data/docs/publications/WISG-EM-ILGA-Joint-Submission-INDEPENDENT-EXPERT_2018.pdf

•

http://women.ge/data/docs/publications/WISG-Unidentified_Violence_2017.pdf

•

https://women.ge/data/docs/publications/AD-Coalition-Report-Groups-2017-GEO.pdf

•

https://women.ge/data/policy%20paper/WISG_hate-crime_policy_paper_ILGA-2016.pdf

•

http://www.supremecourt.ge/files/upload-file/pdf/diskriminaciis-akrzalvis-saertashoriso-standartebis-asaxva-erovnul-sasamartlo-praktikashi.pdf

saqarTveloSi xSiria SemTxveva, rodesac seqsualuri umciresobis warmomadgenelTa mimarT, mSoblebisa da sazogadoebaSi damkvidrebuli Sexedulebebis zegavleniT, danaSauls sCadian arasrulwlovnebi. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac seqsualuri umciresobis warmomadgenlis momsaxurebiT sargebloben pirebi da Semdeg fizikur Seuracxyofas ayeneben, eubnebian, rom transgenderoba sircxvilia da mis adgilas Tavs moiklavdnen. zogjer seqsualuri umciresobis wevrebi erTmaneTis mimarT sCadian danaSauls. es, ra Tqma unda, ar gamoricxavs danaSauls diskriminaciis niSniT Seuwynareblobis safuZvelze. saWiroa saqmis yovelmxriv gamokvleva da, Tu danaSaulis mizezad gamoikveTa dazaralebulis umciresobisadmi kuTvnileba da mis mimarT siZulvili, qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes Seuwynareblobad diskriminaciis niSniT. momdevno ramdenime diagrama moicavs amonaridebs evropis kavSiris ZiriTad uflebaTa saagentos (FRA) yvelaze masStaburi angariSidan: „evropis kavSiris kvleva lgbt pirTa sakiTxebze _ evropis kavSiris lesboselebis, geiebis, biseqsualebisa da transgenderebis kvleva _ ZiriTadi Sedegebi“ (EU LGBT survey — European Union lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender survey — Main results). dokumenti Seexeba am pirTa mimarT diskriminacias, Zaladobas, siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulsa da sxva sakiTxebs. miuxedavad imisa, rom angariSi ar moicavs evropis kavSiris farglebs miRma arsebul qveynebs, is detalur suraTs qmnis individualur gamocdilebaTa Sesaxeb. masze dayrdnobiT SesaZlebelia mesame qveynebSi arsebul viTarebasTan Sedareba da Sesabamisi daskvnebis gamotana. qvemoT yuradReba gamaxvilebulia TiToeul grafaSi asaxul ramdenime sakvanZo aspeqtze.

gverdi 16 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

suraTi 32: Zaladobis gavrceleba gasuli 5 wlis da bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi lgbt jgufis mixedviT (%)

lesboseli qali

gei kaci

biseqsuali qali

biseqsuali kaci

transgenderi

respondents

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

100

gasuli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi

dent he son,

bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi

kiTxvebi:

F1_A. es kiTxva exeba Zaladobis nebismier incidents, romelic bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gamoscadeT. SemTxveva SeiZleba momxdariyo evrokavSiris nebismier qveyanaSi, sxvadasxva mizeziT. bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi yofilxarT fizikuri/seqsualuri Tavdasxmis an Zaladobis muqaris msxverpli Sin Tu sxva adgilas (quCa, sazogadoebrivi transporti, samuSao adgili da a.S.)? diax. F1_2. rodis moxda bolo fizikuri/ seqsualuri Tavdasxma an Zaladobis muqara? bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi.

baza:

evrokavSiris lgbt kvlevis yvela respondenti.

wyaro:

FRA, evrokavSiris lgbt kvleva, 2012.

ed et, tc.)

al he

FRA, gv. 57, EU LGBT kvleva _ evropis kavSiris lesboselebis, geiebis, biseqsuale-

bisa da transgenderebis kvleva _ ZiriTadi Sedegebi am cxrilidan naTeli xdeba, rom transgenderi adamianebi yvelaze xSirad xdebian Zaladobis msxverplni.

I moduli: ratom varT aq? â&#x2013;ş gverdi 17

or threat of violence in the year before the survey hap pened partly or entirely because they were perceived

suraTi 33: bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi siZulviliT motivirebuli Zaladobis gavrceleba misi tipisa da lgbt jgufis mixedviT (%) evrokavSirSi lgbt saSualo

EU LGBT survey: European Union lesbian, and transgender survey 3 lesboseli qaligay, bisexual 3

6 4 3 Attacks that include a sexual element, either alone or 4 biseqsualiwith qali 2 attack, are much more in conjunction a physical 2 likely to affect women and transgender respondents. 5 3 biseqsuali kaci 2 of transgender respondents who 8in the previous 5 transgenderi 3

gei kaci

“My [experience of] situations of harassment/discrimination/ violence is mainly random acts of verbal aggression, which in some cases turned into physical threats or violence when I reacted to the insults. They were from unknown people on the street, mostly at night, mostly youngsters, mostly of a non-native European ethnic background. The situation is worse now than it was, for example, four years ago.” (Belgium, gay, 37)

think happened partly or entirely because they were 5 10 perceived to be LGBT say0that the last hate-motivated violence they experienced in the 12 months before the

Respondents who experienced hate-motivated vio yvela Zaladoba Tavdasxma muqara lence in either the previous year or the five years before the survey were asked to provide further details about Questions: FA1_2. When did the LAST physical/sexual attack or threat of violence happen? perpetrators violence andinwhere took Looking at the by country, the last incident of kavSiris FRA, gv. 57,results EU LGBT kvleva _SERIOUS evropis lesboselebis, geiebis, FA2_2. When did the MOST physical/sexual attack the or threat of violenceof you experienced the lastit5biseqsualeyearsplace. In this analysis, data on assaults and threats of violence hate-motivated violence happen? is most likely to have included bisa da transgenderebis kvleva _ ZiriTadi Sedegebi are combined for clarity. There is months little difference FA1_5. Do you think the LAST incident of physical/sexual attack or threat of violence in the past 12 happened in the partly or completely because you were perceived to be [category onand the basis of A3 orrates A4 (self-identification)]? nature reporting of violent attacks and threats miaqcieT yuradReba, rom transgenderi adamianebi ufro xSirad xdebian Zalapartlyas or described completely because you were perceived to FA2_5. Do you think this physical/sexual attack or threat happened of violence by respondents. be [category on themsxverplni, basis of A3 or A4]? vidre sxva jgufebi. dobrivi Tavdasxmis

FA1_4. Thinking about the LAST physical/sexual attack or threat of violence, what happened to you? FA2_4. Thinking about the MOST SERIOUS physical/sexual attack or threat of violence, what happened to you?

suraTi 40: siZulviliT motivirebuli incidentebis procentuli maCvenebeli siZulviliT motivirebuli (Computed variable) Zaladobis SemTxvevaTa saerTo raodenobasTan mimarTebiT (lgbt jgufebis mixedviT) (%) Note:

Categories for self-identification in A3 and A4 included transgender, transsexual, woman with a transsexual past, man with a transsexual past, gender variant, cross dresser, queer, lesbian, gay, bisexual or other.

evrokavSiri 17 respondents. Base: All EU LGBT survey lgbt saSualo Source:

FRA, EU LGBT survey, 2012 22

lesboseli qali

gei kaci

biseqsuali qali 12

biseqsuali kaci

transgenderi

0 kiTxvebi:

SeniSvna:

baza:

wyaro:

100

FA1_5. fiqrobT, rom bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi fizikuri/seqsualuri Tavdasxmis an Zaladobis bolo incidenti nawilobriv/srulad ukavSirdeba im faqts, rom A3 an A4 kategoriad aRiqmebiT? diax. FA1_4. bolo fizikuri/seqsualuri Tavdasxmis an Zaladobis faqtebidan romeli ganxorcielda Tqven mimarT? 2. seqsualuri Tavdasxma 3. fizikuri da seqsualuri Tavdasxma (gamoTvlili cvladi). A3 da A4-Si TviTidentifikaciis kategoriebSi erTiandeba: transgenderi, transseqsuali, qali transseqsualuri warsuliT, kaci transseqsualuri warsuliT, genderuli cvalebadoba, qrosdresingi, qviari, lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali Tu sxva. evrokavSiris lgbt kvlevis respondentebi, romelTa mimarTac nawilobriv/srulad ganxorcielda fizikuri/seqsualuri Tavdasxma an Zaladobis muqara bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, radgan isini lgbt Temis wevrad aRiqmebodnen. FRA, evrokavSiris lgbt kvleva, 2012.

FRA, gv. 62, EU LGBT kvleva _ evropis kavSiris lesboselebis, geiebis, biseqsuale-

bisa da transgenderebis kvleva _ ZiriTadi Sedegebi miaqcieT yuradReba, rom lgbt pirTa mier gancdil Zaladobis kategoriebs Soris seqsualuri Zaladoba yvelaze xSiria. aRsaniSnavia, rom biseqsuali qalebi gansakuTrebiT maRali riskis qveS arian. gverdi 18 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

ukanaskneli

yvelaze seriozuli

marto

erTze meti

kaci

qali

orive, kacic da qalic

ar vici

gei

lesboseli

biseqsuali

heteroseqsuali

Sereuli seqsualuri orientaciis

ar vici

ojaxis wevri

mezobeli

TanamSromeli

vinme skolidan, kolejidan an universitetidan

myidveli, klienti an pacienti

vinme sxva, nacnobi piri

eqstremistuli/rasistuli jgufis wevri

Tineijeri an TineijerTa jgufi

policieli

usafrTxoebis oficeri

sxva sajaro moxele (mesazRvre, sajaro moxele)

vinme sxva, ucnobi piri

sxva pir(eb)i

damnaSave marto iyo?

romeli genderis iyo/iyvnen damnaSave/ damnaSaveebi?

fiqrob, rom damnaSave/damnaSaveebi iyo/iyvnen:

vin iyo/iyvnen damnaSave/damnaSaveebi?

FRA, gv. 64, EU LGBT kvleva _ evropis kavSiris lesboselebis, geiebis, biseqsuale-

bisa da transgenderebis kvleva _ ZiriTadi Sedegebi miaqcieT yuradReba, rom Zaladobrivi Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaTa umetesobaSi damnaSave iyo arasrulwlovani an arasrulwlovanTa jgufi (garda im incidentebisa, sadac Tavdamsxmelis vinaoba ucnobia).

I moduli: ratom varT aq? â&#x2013;ş gverdi 19

2.3. Reporting hatemotivated violence

and across both the most recent and the most serious violent incidents, respondents nevertheless reported fewer than a quarter of such incidents to the police

Violent incidents, including those of the type described by respondents to the EU LGBT survey, are typically considered criminal acts in the EU and saxlSi Croatia and, as such, should or could be reported to thesacxovrebel police. To gatherSenobaSi, information binaSi on this issue, sxva the questionnaire asked respondents if they or skolaSi, anyone elseuniversitetSi reported either the last or the most serious incident of hate-motivated crime they samuSao adgilze experienced to the police, or, if not, to indicate why kafeSi, restoranSi, they had not done so. ThesepabSi, findingsklubSi are important because they offer an insight into the proportion manqanaSi of incidents of hate-motivated violence that are sazogadoebriv transportSi reported to the police, as well as the reasons why sportul klubSi victims may choose not to bring the incident to the attention of the police. To build up a broader picture sxva SenobaSi of reporting, the survey also asked respondents if quCaSi, moedanze, avtosadgomze an sxva most serious incident of they reported the last or sajaro adgilze hate-motivated violence to another organisation.

“When I was sexually assaulted I managed to call the police ukanaskneli yvelaze mZime for help while still being kept away by the man. The police 8 on the phone 8laughed at me and started making jokes. [The police] hung up. [I]t was clearly a discrimination 2 2 against gay and male rape cases in general. [The police]

general.”

(France, 4 gay, 25)

11 of violence are much less likely 9 to be Overall, threats 1

recent threats of physical violence were brought to the

Of those respondents who were victims of hate-moti 43 before vated violence44 in either the year or the five years the survey, lesbian and, especially, bisexual women parkSi, tyeSi 4 considerably less likely than 6 gay or respondents are lgbt TemisTvis bisexual men or transgender victims to report incidents Fewer than one in five ofgankuTvnil the most recentspecialur incidents of adgilebSi (mag.: klubi, bari) an RonisZiebaze 3 of hate-motivated violence to the police, 4 as regards hate-motivated violence which respondents experi both the last and the most serious incidents. This may (mag.: praidi) be linked to the are sadme gare sivrceSi 5 finding that women respondents 6 of hate-motivated violence identified by respondents as more often affected than men respondents by hatesxva 2 2 the most serious in the preceding five years was more motivated violence of a sexual nature (see Section 2.2., often reported to the police, although even in these Figure 39), since sexual violence is much less frequently reported than physical violence. Fewer than one in five FRA, gv. 65, EU LGBT kvleva _ evropis kavSiris lesboselebis, geiebis, biseqsuale-

bisa da transgenderebis kvleva _ ZiriTadi Sedegebi groups are more likely to have reported the most seri

by participants in the last five years were reported to

ous than the most recent incident of hate-motivated miaqcieT yuradReba, rom yvelaze xSirad aseTi Tavdasxmebi xdeboda quCebSi, violence they experienced to the police. In all groups serious physical attacks . skverebSi, avtosadgomebze an sazogadoebriv sivrceebSi. suraTi 42: siZulviliT motivirebuli Zaladobis yvelaze mZime SemTxveva, romelic lgbt jgufma policias Seatyobina 22

evrokavSiri lgbt saSualo lesboseli qali

19 23

gei kaci 15

biseqsuali qali

biseqsuali kaci

transgenderi

100

kiTxva:

FA2_5. fiqrobT, rom es fizikuri/seqsualuri Tavdasxmis an Zaladobis SemTxveva nawilobriv/srulad ukavSirdeba im faqts, rom A3 an A4 kategoriad aRiqmebiT? diax.

FA2_11.

sxvam Seatyobina policias?

SeniSvna:

A3 da A4-Si TviTidentifikaciis kategoriebSi erTiandeba transgenderi, transseqsuali, qali transseqsualuri warsuliT, kaci transseqsualuri warsuliT, genderuli cvalebadoba, qrosdresingi, qviari, lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali Tu sxva.

baza:

evrokavSiris lgbt kvlevis respondentebi, romelTa mimarTac nawilobriv/srulad ganxorcielda fizikuri/ seqsualuri Tavdasxma an Zaladobis muqara bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, radgan isini lgbt Temis wevrebad aRiqmebodnen.

wyaro:

FRA, evrokavSiris lgbt kvleva, 2012.

FRA, gv. 66, EU LGBT kvleva _ evropis kavSiris lesboselebis, geiebis, biseqsualebisa da transgenderebis kvleva _ ZiriTadi Sedegebi

miaqcieT yuradReba, rom am incidentebis Zalian dabali procentuli odenoba gacxadda policiaSi.

gverdi 20 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli xdeba ojaxSi Zaladobis, diskriminaciis, uaryofiTi winaswarganwyobebisa da cru Sexedulebebis konteqstSi. magaliTad, lgbt pirTa mniSvnelovani procentuli odenoba ganicdis diskriminacias samuSao adgilas da saqonlisa da momsaxurebis miwodebis konteqstSi. FRA-is kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom lgbt pirTa 19%-ma gamoscada diskriminacia samuSao adgilas. diskriminaciis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli gamovlinda transgenderi pirebis SemTxvevaSi (30%). kvlevam aseve gamoavlina, rom lgbt adamianTa 32% diskriminaciul mopyrobas grZnobda restornebsa da kafeebSi, sacxovreblis Ziebisas, jandacvis, sabanko an sadazRvevo momsaxurebis miRebis dros, aseve, sportul klubebsa da darbazebSi.

lgbt pirTa mier gancdili siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da diskriminaciis sxva formebis TvalsazrisiT arsebuli urTierTgadamkveTi gansxvavebebis ganmapirobebeli faqtorebi cxadia, rom lgbt pirebs aqvT identobis iseTi sxva maxasiaTeblebic, rogorebicaa sqesi, asaki, eTnikuri warmomavloba da religia, romlebic SeiZleba gadaikveTos da dasabami misces specifikur (xSirad, mZime) gamocdilebas da gansxvavebul saWiroebebs. es ukeT unda gaacnobieron da gaiTvaliswinon policiisa da sxva samsaxurebma. genderi: FRA-is kvlevis mixedviT, lesboseli qalebis 55% miiCnevda, rom ganicdida seqsualuri orientaciis niSniT diskriminacias an Seviwroebas, maSin, rodesac gei kacebSi es maCvenebeli 45% iyo. rogorc zemoT mocemul cxrilSi aRiniSna, transgenderi adamianebi ufro xSirad iyvnen siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da diskriminaciis msxverplni. asaki: FRA-is kvlevam aCvena, rom axalgazrda lgbt pirebi ufro xSirad eqvemdebarebian diskriminacias an Seviwroebas seqsualuri orientaciis gamo, vidre SedarebiT asakiani lgbt pirebi: 18-24 wlis respondentTa 57% acxadebda, rom diskriminaciis msxverpli iyo, maSin, rodesac es maCvenebeli 25-39 wlis asakis respondentTa SemTxvevaSi 45%-s Seadgenda. eTnikuri warmomavloba: londonis metropolitenis policiis angariSis Sesabamisad („qalTa gamocdileba homofobiisa da transfobiis konteqstSi”), afro-karibuli warmomavlobis qalebi ufro metad iyvnen midrekilni TavianTi saqcielis an garegnobis Secvlisken homofobiuri an transfobiuri Tavdasxmis Semdeg (MPS, 2008).

I moduli: ratom varT aq? ► gverdi 21

sxva kvlevebi:  „informaciisTvis: Zaladoba trans adamianebis mimarT, ProTrans-is gamocdileba _ proeqti „transgenderi adamianebis Zaladobisgan dacva“.7

aRniSnul angariSSi gaerTianebuli daskvnebi gakeTda im proeqtis farglebSi, romelic mxars uWerda evropis sabWos ramdenime wevr saxelmwifoSi transgender pirTa mimarT diskriminaciisa da siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze monitoringis organizaciebs. proeqtma daadgina, rom transgenderi adamianebi Zaladobrivi Tavdasxmebisa da farTomasStabiani diskriminaciis Zalian maRali riskis qveS iyvnen. mocemuli angariSi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gamovlenil SemTxvevaTa kvlevis kargi wyaroa.  „informaciisTvis: transgenderi adamianebis mimarT Zaladobis dokumentireba: somxeTis, saqarTvelos, germaniis, moldovas, ruseTisa da ukrainis gamocdileba“ (momzadebis procesSia):

es angariSi aerTianebs ufro met qveyanaSi ganxorcielebuli monitoringis Sedegebs (saTaurSi CamoTvlili qveynebi). masSi aseve dokumentirebulia struqturuli Zaladoba, maT Soris, diskriminacia, Zalian seriozuli interpersonaluri Zaladoba, da policiis mxridan Zaladoba.

 „homofobiuri da transfobiuri Zaladobis gacxadebis waxaliseba“ _ evropis regionis lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali, transi da interseqsi pirebis mxardaWeris saerTaSoriso asociaciis (ILGA-Europe) angariSi (momzadebis procesSia): aRniSnul angariSSi gaerTianebuli daskvnebi gakeTda im proeqtis farglebSi, romelic mxars uWerda siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebsa da incidentebze samoqalaqo sazogadoebis monitorings 12 qveyanaSi, maT Soris, evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi: bosnia da hercegovina, moldova, TurqeTi da ukraina. igi imeorebs FRA-is angariSis farglebSi gakeTebul daskvnebs, maT Soris, xazs usvams Semdeg faqtebs: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis umetesoba sajaro sivrceSi xdeba; transgenderi adamianebi Zaladobis ufro maRali riskis qveS arian; da Zalian dabalia siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis policiisTvis Setyobinebis maCveneblebi.

7. http://tgeu.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/TGEU_protrans_publication_1_Nov.pdf gverdi 22 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

dasarigebeli masala 1.4: piradi gamocdilebebi daviTma SeamCnia, rom misi arasrulwlovani Svili, vaxo, xSirad aTvalierebda biWebis suraTebs. Svilis Tanxmobis gareSe Seamowma misi socialuri qselis veb-gverdi da naxa vaxos mimowerebi mamrobiTi sqesis adamianebTan. gaesaubra Svils da rodesac gaigo, rom mas hqonda interesi biWebis mimarT, undoda Caecva qaliviT da etarebina pariki, daumtvria kompiuteri, CamoarTva telefoni da scema. amasTan, daemuqra, rom Tu ar gaxdeboda „normaluri“, moklavda. vaxom am qmedebiT ganicada fizikuri tkivili da gauCnda muqaris ganxorcielebis safuZvliani SiSi. momxdari vaxom Seatyobina samarTaldamcvel organoebs, romlebmac dauyovnebliv miiRes zomebi dazaralebulis dasacavad. gamoica Semakavebeli orderi, daviTs aekrZala nebismieri komunikacia vaxosTan da ganesazRvra sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgebloba (aRsaniSnavia, rom bralSi aRiniSna danaSaulis Cadenis motivi, rogorc qmedebis damamZimebeli garemoeba). am masalaSi asaxulia statistikis miRma arsebuli piradi istoriebi. erTi wlis Semdeg jer kidev meSinia.... Tavdasxmis mere ar SemeZlo quCaSi gasvla gamudmebiT ukan yurebis gareSe, raTa Sememowmebina, vinme xom ar mesxmoda Tavs zurgidan... jer kidev travmirebuli var, xandaxan koSmarebi mawuxebs“.

miSeli, romelsac kataniaSi (italia) Tavs daesxnen.

amonaridi angariSidan „imis gamo, Tu vin var: homofobia, transfobia da siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli evropaSi“, gv. 7.

bosnia da hercegovina: fizikuri Seuracxyofis incidenti sami wlis ganmavlobaSi axalgazrda kaci ganuwyvetliv ganicdida fizikur Seuracxyofas samezobloSi mcxovrebi axalgazrdebis jgufisgan. mis saxls esrodnen qvebs da sxvadasxva sagans, piradad ki Seuracxyofas ayenebdnen, emuqrebodnen da aSinebdnen, radgan gei iyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom bevri es incidenti policiisTvis cnobili iyo, dazaralebulma uari Tqva TavdamsxmelTa identificirebaze policiis failebis fotoebze dayrdnobiT, radganac eSinoda maTi. viTareba kidev ufro gamwvavda: erT dRes, imave Tavdamsxmelebma qalaqSi mimavali dazaralebuli alyaSi moiqcies da dRisiT, sajarod aviwroebdnen. fizikuri Seuracxyofis Sedegad mas mZimed dauzianda menji da gadaudebeli qirurgiuli Careva dasWirda. is dauyovnebliv daukavSirda policiis oficrebs, romlebic am saqmes iZiebdnen. dazaralebulis kidev erTi gamokiTxvisa da safuZvliani gamoZiebis Semdeg, damnaSaveebis vinaoba dadginda. isini daakaves. samwuxarod, radgan siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis maregulirebeli erovnuli kanonmdebloba ar moicavs seqsualur orientacias, es SemTxveva ver

I moduli: ratom varT aq? ► gverdi 23

dakvalificirda siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulad da am safuZvliT devna ar ganxorcielebula. amonaridi ILGA-Europe-is angariSidan „homofobiuri da transfobiuri Zaladobis gacxadebis xelSewyoba“ (momzadebis procesSia).

ukraina: lgbt Temis warmomadgenelTa identificireba da organizebuli jgufis mier devna maTze Tavdasxmis mizniT lvovSi mcxovrebma aqtivistma, romelic monitorings uwevda ultramemarjveneTa dajgufebebs, Seityo, rom erT-erTma aseTma dajgufebam gaigo gei wveulebis Sesaxeb, romelic ramdenime dRis Semdeg unda gamarTuliyo. momdevno ori dRis ganmavlobaSi onlain resursidan cnobili gaxda, rom dajgufebis wevrebi emzadebodnen TavdasxmisTvis. garda amisa, adgilobrivi safexburTo klubis gulSematkivrebic gegmavdnen lgbt pirTa RonisZiebaze Tavdasxmas; gamJRavnda detaluri instruqciebic, sadac miTiTebuli iyo, vis unda dasxmodnen Tavs, rogor da ra iaraRiT. mag.: organizatorebma „daSinebis kampaniis“ nawilad am aqciaSi CarTes mebrZolTa qalbatoni megobrebi _ maT lesboselebi unda ecemaT, radgan kacebs ar surdaT qalebis cema. wveulebis dRes lgbt aqtivistebi mividnen memarjvene jgufis Sexvedris adgilas da dainaxes Sav tansacmelSi Cacmuli kacebisa da qalebisgan Semdgari ramdenime jgufi _ jamSi, daaxloebiT, 60-kaciani SemadgenlobiT. bevri maTganis zurgCanTidan beisbolis joxebi moCanda. isini jgufebad daiyvnen da wavidnen im adgilas, sadac lgbt wveuleba imarTeboda. aqtivistebi gahyvnen ukan, daurekes wveulebis organizatorebs da winaswar Seatyobines dajgufebis gadaadgilebaze. sabolood, dajgufebis wevrebma icnes lgbt aqtivistebi da cdilobdnen maTze Tavdasxmas, magram maT moaxerxes makdonaldsis restoranSi damalva, xolo dajgufebis wevrebma ganagrZes svla wveulebis adgilisken. lgbt wveulebis organizatorebma winaswar daiqiraves kerZo dacvis samsaxuri da policias mimarTes dacvis TxovniT. policia dajgufebis wevrebs wveulebis adgilas elodeboda, magram isini ar daupatimrebia. amonaridi ILGA-Europe-is angariSidan „homofobiuri da transfobiuri Zaladobis gacxadebis xelSewyoba“ (momzadebis procesSia).

moldova: gei kacebis aqtiurad mizanSi amoReba onlain paemnebis organizebis gziT ruseTSi gamovlinda SemaSfoTebeli tendencia: Tavdamsxmelebi awyoben pirispir Sexvedrebs msxverplTan gei adamianebisaTvis gankuTvnili onlain paemnebis saitebis meSveobiT. erT-erT SemTxvevaSi, moldovaSi gei kaci paemanze SeuTanxmda meore kacs. isini saRamos kafeSi unda Sexvedrodnen erTmaneTs. Sexvedris Semdeg maT gadawyvites saseirnod parkSi wasvla, sadac msxverpli gaZarcves da sastikad scemes, ris Sedegadac yba gautyda. msxverplis TqmiT, gaqceva rom ver moexerxebina, SeiZleba situacia gacilebiT mZime yofiliyo. motivi advilad gamosacnobi iyo, radgan damnaSave Tavdasxmis dros Seuracxmyofel homofobiur terminebs iyenebda. msgavsi incidentebi dafiqsirda bosniasa da hercegovinaSic, sadac msxverplebi aseve gaZarcves da scemes paemnebis veb-gverdebis saSualebiT mowyobili Sexvedrebisas. gverdi 24 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

amonaridi ILGA-Europe-is angariSidan „homofobiuri da transfobiuri Zaladobis gacxadebis xelSewyoba“ (momzadebis procesSia).

TurqeTi: fsiqologiuri zegavlena angariSSi aRniSnulia, rom msxverplTa umravlesoba mZime fsiqologiur zians ganicdis incidentis Semdeg, rac grZelvadian gavlenas axdens maTi cxovrebis mraval aspeqtze. cota maTgani cdilobda profesiuli daxmarebisTvis mimarTvas posttravmuli stresuli aSlilobis, depresiis, SfoTvis an paranoiis mZime zemoqmedebis gadasalaxavad. Tumca, im msxverplTa naxevarze metma, romlebmac fsiqologiuri mkurnaloba gaiares, ganacxades, rom maT ar epyrobodnen saTanadod. amonaridi ILGA-Europe-is angariSidan „homofobiuri da transfobiuri Zaladobis gacxadebis xelSewyoba“ (momzadebis procesSia).

dasarigebeli masala 1.5: wyaroebi, damatebiTi masala da rCevebi kvlevasTan dakavSirebiT

evropis sabWos resursebi qveynebis Tematuri kvlevebi seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT homofobiis, transfobiisa da diskriminaciis Taobaze, evropis sabWo (2011): es veb-gverdi Seicavs miTiTebebs evropis sabWos xelSewyobiT momzadebul angariSebze, romlebic Seexeba wevr saxelmwifoebSi samarTlebriv da socialur mdgomareobas seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis safuZvelze homofobiis, transfobiisa da diskriminaciis konteqstSi.8 SeiswavleT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis nawili samarTlebriv kvlevebSi, raTa ukeT gaigoT aseTi danaSaulis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba da erovnul doneze arsebuli regulaciebi. SeiswavleT socialuri angariSebi, raTa moiZioT monacemebi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis incidentebis, maT Soris, policiis mier Cadenili danaSaulis Taobaze.

diskriminacia seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT evropaSi, evropis sabWo (2011): am angariSSi asaxulia zemoxsenebuli kvlevis farglebSi Segrovebuli monacemebi. dokumenti miznad isaxavda, farTod mimoexila evropis sabWos 47 wevri saxelmwifos siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba da am danaSaulze reagirebis gzebi9 (kerZod, ix. nawili 3.2. „Zaladoba lgbt pirTa mimarT“). 8. http://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/thematic-work/lgbt-country-studies 9. http://www.europewatchdog.info/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/LGBTStudy2011_en.pdf

I moduli: ratom varT aq? ► gverdi 25

qveynebis Tematuri kvlevebi seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT homofobiis, transfobiis da diskriminaciis Taobaze, evropis sabWo _ 2010 wlis gadasinjuli versia, evropis kavSiris ZiriTad uflebaTa saagento (FRA) (2010):10 am angariSSi asaxulia monacemebi da informacia evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebSi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis incidentebis, kanonmdeblobisa da reagirebis Taobaze, romlebic Segrovda evropis sabWos xelSewyobiT momzadebul zemoxsenebul Tematur kvlevaSi.

EU LGBT kvleva _ evropis kavSiris lesboselebis, geiebis, biseqsualebisa da transgenderebis kvleva _ ZiriTadi Sedegebi, evropis kavSiris ZiriTad uflebaTa saagento (FRA) (2014):11 am publikaciaSi asaxulia evropaSi lgbt pirTa Sesaxeb yvelaze masStaburi kvlevis Sedegebi da avtoritetuli mosazrebebi lgbt pirTa gamocdilebaze diskriminaciis, Zaladobisa da Seviwroebis sakiTxebze. winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo am angariSis Sedegebs eyrdnoba pirvel da mesame modulebSi. treningis momzadebisas, angariSis gamoyeneba SegiZliaT qveynis konteqstis Sesaswavlad da Sesabamisi praqtikuli magaliTebis SesamuSaveblad (kerZod, ix. nawili 2.5. Zaladoba da Seviwroeba).

evropuli komisiis angariSebi rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis winaaRmdeg qveynebis mixedviT:12 ECRI-is regularuli vizitebi evropis sabWos wevr qveynebSi gulisxmobs eqs-

pertTa mivlinebas regionis masStabiT im sakiTxebis detalurad Sesaswavlad, romlebic zegavlenas axdens lgbt pirebze. aRniSnuli iTvaliswinebs siZulviliT motivirebuli incidentebis, maT Soris, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis Seswavlasac. angariSSi mimoxilulia iseTi sakiTxebi, rogorebicaa: oficialuri da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis monacemebi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb; am danaSaulis maregulirebeli sisxlis samarTlis kanonebi da politika; da gaumjobesebisken mimarTuli konkretuli rekomendaciebi. TiToeuli angariSi moicavs Sesabamisi saxelmwifoebis oficialur pasuxs ECRI-is dakvirvebebsa da rekomendaciebze. es angariSebi SeiZleba Zalian sasargeblo masala iyos treningebis dagegmvis procesSi, radgan isini exmareba: erovnuli situaciis ukeT gaazrebas, maT Soris, im sakiTxebis ukeT gagebas, romlebic zegavlenas axdens lgbt pirebze; aseve, saxelmwifos mier lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze reagirebis prioritetulobis dadgenas. ECRI-is 2015 wlis angariSi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb: https://rm.coe.int/fourth-report-on-georgia-georgian-translation-/16808b5775 10. http://fra.europa.eu/en/national-contribution/2012/country-thematic-studies-homophobia-transphobia-and-discrimination

11. http://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/eu-lgbt-survey-european-union-lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender-survey-main , nanaxia 2016 wlis 7 oqtombers. 12. http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/ecri/activities/countrybycountry_en.asp gverdi 26 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

interseqsi adamianebis uflebebi. evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris kvleviTi angariSi:13 es angariSi Tavisi arsiT iSviaTi kvlevaa. dokumentSi ganxiluli aspeqtebi gavlenas axdens interseqs pirebze evropis sabWos regionSi Tu mis farglebs gareT da warmodgenilia diskriminaciis saxasiaTo magaliTebi.

evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris Tematuri angariSebi qveynebis mixedviT: komisarma Caatara farTo speqtris aqtivobebi Tematuri da qveynebSi arsebuli specifikuri viTarebis mimoxilvisTvis. aqtivobebis mizani iyo im gamowvevebis siRrmiseulad gageba, romlebic gavlenas axdens lgbt pirebze. Tematur muSaobaSi CarTulia angariSi seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT diskriminaciaze, aseve, im gamowvevebis Sesaxeb, romlebic uaryofiTad moqmedebs interseqs adamianebze (gamoqveynda 2015 wels).14 komisari regularulad stumrobs sxvadasxva qveyanas, raTa gamoikvlios viTareba daucveli jgufebis uflebebis Sesaxeb. yvela viziti ar moicavs lgbt sakiTxebs, Tumca Rirs saZiebo funqciiT sargebloba Sesabamis veb-gverdze, raTa daadginoT, estumra Tu ara komisari im qveyanas, sadac treningebis Catarebas gegmavT.15 arasamTavrobo organizacia WISG-is kvleva: winaswarganwyobidan Tanasworobamde, bmuli https://ge.boell.org/ka/2016/06/17/cinascargancqobidan-tanascorobamde

sxva resursebi imis gamo, Tu vin var: homofobia, transfobia da siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli evropaSi, Amnesty International (2013):16 aRniSnuli angariSi kidev ufro avsebs EU LGBT kvlevas, romelic zemoT Sejamda, da Seicavs evropis kavSiris wevr qveynebSi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis realur magaliTebs. garda amisa, angariSSi kritikulad aris Sefasebuli arsebuli sakanonmdeblo CarCoebi da politika. aseve, SemoTavazebulia rekomendaciebi erovnul da evropul doneze viTarebis gasaumjobeseblad. es angariSi sasargebloa, rogorc erovnul doneze arsebuli realuri SemTxvevebis kvlevis wyaro: igi ukeTes warmodgenas SegiqmniT evropis garkveul qveynebSi arsebul samarTlebriv da politikis konteqstze.

13. https://wcd.coe.int/com.instranet.InstraServlet?command=com.instranet.CmdBlobGet&InstranetImage=2933521&SecMode=1&DocId=2367288&Usage=2

14. http://www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/thematic-work/lgbt 15. www.coe.int/en/web/commissioner/country-report 16. xelmisawvdomia: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/eur01/014/2013/en/, nanaxia 2016 wlis 7 oqtombers.

I moduli: ratom varT aq? â&#x2013;ş gverdi 27

siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb monacemTa yovelwliuri wardgenis meqanizmi (euTo (OSCE)): evropis usafrTxoebisa da TanamSromlobis organizacia, demokratiuli institutebisa da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli ofisis (OSCE/ODIHR) meSveobiT, euTos regionSi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da incidentebis monitorings da angariSgebas 2008 wlidan axorcielebs. am organizaciis veb-gverdze, romelic Seexeba siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls, detaluradaa asaxuli: oficialuri xelisuflebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis monacemebi da informacia Sesabamis politikaze; saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis organoebisaTvis; detalebi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis maregulirebeli arsebuli sakanonmdeblo CarCos Sesaxeb; informacia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos Sesabamisi gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb; da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis, maT Soris, rasizmisa da Seuwynareblobis winaaRmdeg brZolis komisiisa da evropis sabWos ofisis adamianis uflebaTa komisris Sesabamisi rekomendaciebis Sejameba. evropis sabWos yvela wevri saxelmwifo euTo-s wevric aris. Sesabamisad, es veb-gverdi SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos, Tu gainteresebT situaciis mimoxilva qveyanaSi, sadac treningis Catarebas gegmavT. veb-gverdi resursis saxiT gamoyenebulia am saxelmZRvanelos pirveli modulisTvis.

ILGA-Europe-is angariSi (momzadebis procesSia) „homofobiuri da transfobiuri Zaladobis gacxadebis xelSewyoba“ (is xelmisawvdomi iqneba ILGA-Europe-is veb-gverdze gamoqveynebis Semdeg).17 „informaciisTvis: trans adamianebis mimarT Zaladoba, ProTrans-is gamocdileba, „transgenderi pirebis Zaladobisgan dacvis proeqti“:18 angariSSi gaerTianebuli daskvnebi gakeTda im proeqtis farglebSi, romelic mxars uWerda evropis sabWos ramdenime wevr saxelmwifoSi transgender pirTa mimarT diskriminaciasa da siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze monitoringis organizaciebs. proeqtma gamoavlina, rom transgenderi adamianebi Zaladobrivi Tavdasxmebisa da farTomasStabiani diskriminaciis Zalian maRali riskis qveS iyvnen. angariSi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gamovlenili SemTxvevebis kvlevis kargi wyaroa.

„informaciisTvis: transgenderi adamianebis mimarT Zaladobis dokumentireba: somxeTis, saqarTvelos, germaniis, moldovas, ruseTisa da ukrainis gamocdileba“ (momzadebis procesSia).

17. evropis regionis lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali, transi da interseqsi pirebis mxardaWeris saerTaSoriso asociacia (ILGA-Europe). 18. http://tgeu.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/TGEU_protrans_publication_1_Nov.pdf gverdi 28 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

II moduli: ZiriTadi cnebebi Sesavali da winapirobebi pirvel modulSi aRiniSna da am programaze muSaobisas kidev ufro naTeli gaxdeba, rom lgbt pirebi, TavianTi identobis gamo, yvelaze xSirad xdebian danaSaulis samizneebi. es adamianebi Tavs ikaveben siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis policiisTvis Setyobinebisgan. Tumca, Setyobinebis SemTxvevaSic, policia xSirad ver axerxebs am danaSaulebis saTanadod dokumentirebasa da aRricxvas. danaSaulis msxverpl lgbt adamianTa saWiroebebze profesiuli reagirebisaTvis, policias unda SeeZlos lgbt pirTa identificireba, diskriminaciuli qcevis maxasiaTebelTa gamovlena da siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis saTanadod gaazreba. am modulis (a) nawilSi monawileebi ukeT gaacnobiereben lgbt Temis vinaobas, aseve, seqsualuri orientaciis (LGB), genderuli identobisa (T) da sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebis (I) cnebebs. Semdeg monawileebi gaecnobian lgbt pirebisadmi uaryofiT/diskriminaciul damokidebulebasa da qcevasTan dakavSirebul ZiriTad sakiTxebs. homofobia, transfobia, lgbt pirTa stereotipizacia da diskriminacia maT mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis Cadenis ZiriTadi safuZvelia. am modulis (b) nawilSi gansazRvrulia lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli da misi zogierTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTebeli. es cnebebi me-4 modulis safuZvelia, romelSic siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli ganixileba praqtikuli sapolicio zomebis kuTxiT. (a) da (b) nawilebi erTobliobaSi monawileebs saSualebas miscems, ukeT gaigon treningprogramis farglebSi gaanalizebuli specifikuri sakiTxebi.

II moduli: ZiriTadi cnebebi â&#x2013;ş gverdi 29

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi _ lgbt Temi _ homofobia, transfobia, stereotipizacia da diskriminacia swavlebis Sedegebi monawileebi SeZleben:  ukeT gaigon seqsualuri orientaciis, genderuli identobis, genderuli gamoxatvisa da l g b t-is Semadgenel aspeqtebTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi cnebebi;

 gaiazron homofobiis, transfobiis, stereotipizaciisa da diskriminaciis cnebebi da maTi kavSiri policiis oficris rolTan;  terminologia gamoiyenon treningebisa da muSaobis procesSi.

aqtivobebisa da maTTvis gankuTvnili drois mimoxilva  aqtivoba 2.1: lgbt TemTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi terminologiis gageba: kursis fasilitatoris mier warmodgenili prezentacia plenarul sesiaze (30 wuTi);  aqtivoba 2.2: stereotipebis gageba: jgufuri samuSao, Semdeg _ prezentacia da diskusia plenarul sesiaze (20 wuTi);  aqtivoba 2.3: stereotipebis gageba: individualuri muSaoba, Semdeg _ diskusia (25 wuTi). aqtivoba 2.1: lgbt TemTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi terminologiis gageba: kursis fasilitatoris mier warmodgenili prezentacia plenarul sesiaze (30 wuTi)

ZiriTadi cnebebi da definiciebi _ prezentacia saWiro masalebi: flipCartis qaRaldi, kalmistrebi; dasarigebeli masalebi 2.1(a) da 2.1(b). am modulis farglebSi plenarul sesiaze fasilitatori jgufs warudgens Semdeg ZiriTad cnebebs:

gverdi 30 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

 seqsualuri orientacia (lgb), genderuli identoba (t) da interseqsi (i);  homofobia, transfobia, stereotipizacia da diskriminacia. jgufs unda miewodos instruqciebi, rom CainiSnon is, rac gaiges prezentaciidan. aRniSnulis xelSesawyobad da jgufis dasaxmareblad, dasarigebel masalad SesaZlebelia 2.1 samuSao furclis gamoyeneba. jgufis wevrebs saSualeba eqnebaT, treningis procesis paralelurad CainiSnon mosmenili informacia. am sferos ukeT gaazrebisaTvis, SeiZleba 2.1(b) dasarigebeli masalis gamoyenebac. SeZenili codna SeiZleba Semowmdes mogvianebiT, 2.6 aqtivobis ganmavlobaSi da 2.6 dasarigebeli masalis gamoyenebiT.

SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod: momdevno gverdebze mocemulia informacia, romelic SeiZleba adgilobrivi treningebis saWiroebebze morgebiT gadaisinjos. am masalis adaptirebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia samizne auditoriis codna, informaciis detalurobis saWiro done, gamoyofili dro da treningis sirTule. SeiswavleT masala da SearCieT is nawilebi, romlebic yvelaze metad Seuwyobs xels policielTa mier am aspeqtebis gagebas. gTxovT, gaiTvaliswinoT, rom es savarjiSo ar aris misaRebi interseqs adamianebze diskusiisTvis, radgan ar asaxavs interseqsis ganmartebiT gaTvaliswinebul sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebis mravalferovnebas. interseqsis sakiTxebis ganxilvisas gadadiT aqtivoba 2.1-ze da dasarigebeli masala 2.1(a)-ze.

seqsualuri orientacia: „LGB“ komponenti seqsualur orientaciaSi igulisxmeba TiToeuli adamianis unari, hqondes Rrma emociuri, sasiyvarulo Tu seqsualuri miziduloba da intimuri/seqsualuri kavSiri: sxva sqesis (heteroseqsuali), imave sqesis (homoseqsuali, lesboseli, gei) an erTze meti sqesis warmomadgenel pirebTan (biseqsuali).19 treningis programaSi seqsualur orientaciasTan dakavSirebiT gamoyenebulia Semdegi definiciebi:

 lesboseli: qali, romelic romantikul, emociur, fizikur da seqsualur ltolvas sxva qalebisadmi ganicdis.  gei kaci: kaci, romelic romantikul, emociur, fizikur da seqsualur ltolvas sxva kacebisadmi ganicdis. am terminis gamoyeneba aseve SesaZlebelia lesboselebsa da biseqsualebTan mimarTebiT da, zog SemTxvevebSi, krebsiT terminad yvela lgbt adamianis aRsaniSnavad.  biseqsuali: adamiani, romelsac aqvs mniSvnelovani romantikuli, emociuri, fizikuri da seqsualuri ltolva orive sqesis adamianebisadmi. ar aris aucilebeli, aseTi ltolvis sixSire, intensivoba an xarisxi orive sqess Tanabrad miemarTebodes. 19. http://www.coe.int/en/web/sogidatabase/glossary

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi ► gverdi 31

 heteroseqsuali: adamiani, romelic emociur, romantikul an seqsualur mizidulobas ganicdis sapirispiro sqesis warmomadgenlebisadmi.20 TiToeul Cvengans aqvs seqsualuri orientacia. mosaxleobis zusti procentuli raodenoba, romelic lesboseli, gei an biseqsualia, ar aris dadgenili. sxvadasxva kvlevaSi es procentuli maCvenebeli gansxvavdeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom im pirTa raodenoba, romlebic acxadeben, rom hqondaT TavianTi sqesis warmomadgenelTan kavSiri, ufro maRalia, vidre adamianebisa, romlebic Tavs lesboselebs, geiebs an biseqsualebs miakuTvneben. es statistika gansxvavdeba kulturuli normebidan, religiuri rwmenidan da socialuri mimReblobis zogadi donidan gamomdinare. britanuli gei adamianebis uflebaTa damcveli saqvelmoqmedo organizaciis Stonewall-is monacemebiT, britaneTis mosaxleobis 5-7% geiebi, lesboselebi an biseqsualebi arian.21 uiliamsis institutis SefasebiT, aSS-is zrdasruli mosaxleobis 3.5% geiebi, lesboselebi an biseqsualebi arian, xolo 8.2% acxadebs, rom Tavisi sqesis warmomadgenelTan hqonia seqsualuri kavSiri.22 marTalia, zusti statistika ucnobia, magram viciT, rom lesboselebi, geiebi da biseqsualebi mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgenen: Tundac es maCvenebeli 3%-s ar aRematebodes, niSnavs, rom maTi ricxvi 220,000,000-s aRwevs.23 yvela kontinentze lesboselebi, geiebi an biseqsualebi sakmaod did umciresobaTa jgufs qmnian. Tumca, TviTidentifikacia seqsualur orientaciasTan mimarTebiT SesaZlebelia cxovrebis sxvadasxva etapze moxdes. amitom es statistika zust monacemebs ver asaxavs.

genderuli identoba: T komponenti transgenderi pirebi arian adamianebi, visi genderuli identobac gansxvavdeba dabadebisas gansazRvruli sqesisgan, an visac surs sakuTari genderuli identobis warmoCena dabadebisas gansazRvruli sqesisgan gansxvavebulad. aq igulisxmebian pirebi, romlebsac surT tansacmliT, aqsesuarebiT, manerebiT, saubris stiliT, kosmetikiT Tu sxeulis modifikaciis meSveobiT, Tavi aCvenon gansxvavebuli sqesis warmomadgenlebad; anda ar miakuTvneben Tavs „mamrobiT“ Tu „mdedrobiT“ sqess, transseqsual, transvestit da adamianebs, romlebic sapirispiro sqesis tansacmels atareben (qrosdresingi). transgenderi kaci aris piri, romelsac dabadebisas ganesazRvra „mdedrobiTi“ sqesi, magram misi genderuli identoba moqceulia „kacis“ an maskulinuri genderuli identobis speqtrSi. transgenderi qali aris piri, romelsac dabadebisas miekuTvna „mamrobiTi“ sqesi, magram misi genderuli identoba eqceva „qalis“ an feminuri genderuli identobis speqtrSi. zogierTi transgenderi ar axdens sakuTari Tavis identificirebas rogorc kaci, qali an orive erTad. Sesabamisad, isini identificirdebian, rogorc arabinaruli transgenderebi. 20. http://rainbowcenter.uconn.edu/terms/ 21. https://www.staffs.ac.uk/assets/Stonewall%20-%20Employment%20regulations%20-%20guidelines%20for%20 employers_tcm44-21515.pdf

22. http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/research/census-lgbt-demographics-studies/how-many-people-are-lesbian-gay-bisexual-and-transgender/

23. https://www.census.gov/popclock/, 2016 wlis 29 seqtemberi. gverdi 32 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

transgender pirTa seqsualuri orientaciis aRsaniSnavi analogiuri terminebi gamoiyeneba maTi genderuli identobis mixedviT, da ara dabadebisas gansazRvruli sqesobrivi kuTvnilebiT (mag.: heteroseqsual transgender kacs qali partniorebi izidaven, lesboseli transgenderi qali ki mizidulobas ganicdis qali partniorebisadmi). sityva „transgenderoba“ niSnavs, rom pirs aqvs transgenderis identoba an gamoxatva. genderuli identoba gulisxmobs adamianis mier genderis individualur aRqmas, romelic SeiZleba Seesabamebodes/ar Seesabamebodes dabadebisas gansazRvrul sqess. igi moicavs sxeulis pirad aRqmas, genderis sxva gamoxatulebebTan erTad („genderuli gamoxatuleba“), rogorebicaa tansacmeli, metyveleba da manerebi. adamianis sqesi, Cveulebriv, aris dabadebisas gansazRvruli sqesobrivi kuTvnileba, rac Semdeg socialuri da iuridiuli faqti xdeba. zogierTi adamiani problemebs ganicdis dabadebisas mikuTvnebul sqesTan sakuTari Tavis identificirebis TvalsazrisiT. isini moixseniebian „transgender“ an „trans“ pirebad. genderuli identoba ar aris seqsualuri orientacia: transgenderi adamiani SeiZleba identificirdes, rogorc heteroseqsuali, biseqsuali an gei/lesboseli.24 genderuli identobis alternatiuli ganmarteba aseTia: „adamianis mier kacis, qalis an sxva sqesisadmi kuTvnilebis individualuri Sinagani aRqma (rac ar aris aucilebeli, sxvebisTvis xiluli iyos).“25 evropaSi, Cveulebriv, gamoiyeneba qolga termini „transgenderi“ an „trans“, romelic faravs garkveuli adamianebis mier farTo mosaxleobisgan gansxvavebuli genderis identificirebis mravalferovan formebs. msgavsad seqsualuri orientaciisa, im pirTa ricxvis dadgena, romlebic miiCneven, rom maTi genderuli identoba ar Seesabameba dabadebiT gansazRvrul sqess, uaRresad Znelia. zogierTi SefasebiT, mosaxleobis am nawilis raodenoba 0.3%idan 3 -mde meryeobs.26 transgenderi adamianebis mimarT socialuri stigmisa da farTod gavrcelebuli diskriminaciis gamo, mosaxleobis am nawilis moculobis dadgena rTulia. msgavsad seqsualuri orientaciisa, TiToeul Cvengans aqvs genderuli identoba. mosaxleobis umravlesobisTvis fizikuri genderi da genderuli identobis aRqma erTmaneTs emTxveva. sxva SemTxvevebSi genderuli identobis gansazRvra SeiZleba mtkivneuli da rTuli procesi iyos, rac xSirad did gavlenas axdens maT cxovrebaze. genderuli gamoxatva gulisxmobs piris mier genderis gamoxatvas tansacmlis, Tavis movlis, metyvelebis, varcxnilobis, sxeulis enis, socialuri urTierTqmedebisa da sxva qcevis meSveobiT.27 genderuli gamoxatva, genderuli identobisgan gansxvavebiT, xilulia. 24. http://www.coe.int/en/web/sogidatabase/glossary 25. danaSaulis msxverplTa mxardaWeris ofisi (2014), reagireba seqsualuri Zaladobis transgender msxverplTa saWiroebebze. 26. iqve. 27. Sotlandiis transgenderTa aliansi, genderuli identoba, sabaziso saxelmZRvanelo transgenderi adamianebisTvis mxardaWeris gawevis sakiTxebze.

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi ► gverdi 33

Tuki genderuli identoba moicavs piris SegrZnebebs, genderuli gamoxatva gulisxmobs arCevanis mravalferovnebas yoveldRiuri sakeTeblis, Cacmisa Tu qcevis TvalsazrisiT. umravlesoba amas viRebT rogorc mocemulobas, magram rodesac genderuli identoba ar Seesabameba dabadebisas gansazRvrul sqess, gadawyvetilebis miReba sakuTari Tavis fizikurad gamoxatvaze SeiZleba uaRresad rTuli iyos da cxovrebis srul cvlilebasac ukavSirdebodes.

tranzicia genderis Secvlas xSirad tranzicia ewodeba. es aris procesi, romlis saSualebiTac adamianebi, romlebic manamde predominanturad erTi sqesis warmomadgenlebad miiCneodnen, aRiqmebian sxva sqesis warmomadgenlebad. am process xangrZlivi dro sWirdeba. piris tranzicias SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes mTeli rigi socialuri, iuridiuli an/da samedicino aspeqtebi. tranzicia SeiZleba iyos socialuri cvlileba, romelic moicavs mTel rig cvlilebebs, fizikuri garegnobis, tansacmlisa da socialuri urTierTobebis CaTvliT. es SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes mniSvnelovan fizikur transformacias hormonoTerapiis gamoyenebiT, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki, sqesis kvlav miniWebis operacias. pirebma, romlebmac tranzicia gaiares, SeiZleba aRar moiazron Tavi „trans“ terminiT mocul adamianebad.

genderis maniSnebeli (markeri) genderis maniSnebelTan policiis oficrebs yoveldRiurad aqvT Sexeba. arsebobs sqesis maidentificirebeli niSnebi, romlebic xSirad gvxvdeba sxvadasxva dokumentSi (mag.: erovnuli piradobis mowmoba, marTvis mowmoba da pasporti). maT Soris yvelaze aSkaraa iseTi aRniSvnebi, rogorebicaa kaci/qali an batoni/ qalbatoni; agreTve, profesiuli wodebebi, piris nacvalsaxelebi an kodirebuli nomrebi (mag.: socialuri uzrunvelyofis baraTis nomrebi da gadamxdelis kodi, romlebSic SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos garkveuli kombinaciebi kacebisa da qalebis aRsaniSnavad).28 bevr qveyanaSi genderuli identobis maniSneblebis Secvla piradobis damadasturebel dokumentebSi SeiZleba rTuli iyos (Tu SeuZlebeli ara). es transgender pirebs gamowvevebs uqmnis, rodesac saWiroa dokumentaciis wardgena sajaro xelisuflebis organoebisTvis (mag.: policia). aRniSnulze detalurad saubaria me-4 modulSi.

nacvalsaxelebi nacvalsaxelebi gamoiyeneba pirisTvis mimarTvisas an misi saxelis nacvlad. inglisur enaSi saerTo nacvalsaxelebia: is, mas, misi (mamrobiTi/mdedrobiTi formebi). zogierTi transgenderi iyenebs genderulad neitralur nacvalsaxelebs, rogoricaa „isini/maTi“ (they/them). nacvalsaxelebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT qarTuli ena naklebad stigmatizebulia, radgan ar aqvs mamrobiTi an mdedrobiTi sqesis nacvalsaxelebi. 28. http://www.coe.int/en/web/sogidatabase/glossary gverdi 34 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

„trans“ qolgaSi moqceuli sxva definiciebi arsebobs uamravi gza, romlebiTac transgenderis qolgis qveS moqceul pirebs SeuZliaT TavianTi genderis gamoxatva da genderuli identobis gansazRvra. qvemoT CamoTvlilia zogierTi maTgani. Tu ar xarT darwmunebuli, romeli termini unda gamoiyenoT, gaiTvaliswineT, rom „transgenderi“ zogadad iTvleba inkluziur da Tavazian terminad. rodesac adamians mimarTavT, jobia, Tavazianad hkiTxoT mas amis Taobaze. me-4 modulSi ufro detalurad iqneba ganxiluli profesiuli interaqcia trans adamianebTan. transseqsuali _ termini gamoiyeneba im pirebis mimarT, romelTa genderuli identoba ar Seesabameba dabadebisas gansazRvrul sqess da mimarTes sqesis koreqcias sxeulis formebis an funqciebis Sesacvlelad sqesis kvlavminiWebis mkurnalobis gziT. seqsizmi _ sqesobrivi niSniT adamianTa diskriminaciis ideologia da praqtika. genderuli TviTgamoxatva _ genderis garegnuli gamovlena, romelic ZiriTadad gamoixateba garegnobiT, manerebiT, CacmulobiT, metyvelebiTa da sxva qceviT. qali-kacad/FTM transgenderi kaci aris piri, romelic dabadebiT qalia, magram aqvs kacis genderuli identoba da ganicdis tranzicias, raTa SemdgomSi mudmivad icxovros, rogorc kacma. kaci-qalad /MTF transi qali aris piri, romelic dabadebiT aris kaci, magram aqvs qalis genderuli identoba da ganicdis tranzicias, raTa SemdgomSi mudmivad icxovros rogorc qalma. qrosdreseri (Crossdresser) _ termini aRwers adamianebs, romlebic sapirispiro sqesis tansacmels atareben, rac maT emociur an seqsualur siamovnebas aniWebs. sityva „transvestiti“ aRar gamoiyeneba am adamianebis aRsaniSnavad da SeiZleba zogisTvis Seuracxmyofeli iyos.29 dreg quini (Drag Queen) _ am termins istoriulad iyeneben gei kacebi, romelTa tansacmeli, rogorc wesi, asocirdeba qalis tansacmelTan, da gamoiyeneba garTobis an piradi siamovnebisTvis. arsebobs aseve dreg qingi (drag kings), anu adamianebi, romlebic biologiurad qalebi arian, magram icvamen, rogorc kacebi.30 sisgenderi (Cisgender) _ es termini moicavs maT, vinc ar aris transgenderi, anu adamianebs, romelTa genderul identobas/rols sazogadoeba miiCnevs maTi sqesisTvis Sesaferisad.31 genderqviari (Genderqueer) _ termini, romelic gamoiyeneba genderuli binarulobis uarsayofad (kaci/qali), ufro amorfuli, aratradiciuli identobis sasargeblod.32 genderis binaruloba (Gender binary) _ socialuri koncefcia, romelic gulisxmobs, rom arsebobs mxolod ori genderi: mamrobiTi da mdedrobiTi. 29. http://www.transequality.org/issues/resources/teaching-transgender-guide-leading-effective-trainings 30. http://www.transequality.org/issues/resources/teaching-transgender-guide-leading-effective-trainings 31. http://rainbowcenter.uconn.edu/terms/ 32. http://rainbowcenter.uconn.edu/terms/

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi ► gverdi 35

arabinaruli (Non-binary) aRwers genderul identobas, romelic arc qals gulisxmobs da arc kacs; an genderul identobebs qalisa da kacis ori tradiciuli cnebis farglebs miRma.33

interseqsi: „I“ komponenti interseqsi adamianebi qromosomuli, gonaduri, endokrinuli an anatomiuri sqesis niSniT ar Seesabamebian samedicino da socialur normebs mdedrobiTi an mamrobiTi sqesis sxeulis Sesaxeb. es ukanaskneli cxaddeba, magaliTad, sqesis meoradi maxasiaTeblebiT, rogorebicaa kunTebis masa, Tmis ganawileba da sxeulis agebuleba an pirveladi sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebi, rogorebicaa Sida da gare sasqeso organoebi an/da qromosomuli da hormonaluri struqtura. aseve SesaZlebelia martivi samuSao definiciis gamoyeneba: interseqsi pirebis Tandayolili sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebi ar aris srulad qalis an kacis; aris erTdroulad qalisac da kacisac; an arc qalisaa da arc kacis. interseqsis mravali forma arsebobs; aRniSnuli ufro aris speqtri an qolga termini, vidre erTi kategoria. am sityvam Secvala termini „hermafroditi“, romelic me-18 da me-19 saukuneebSi intensiurad gamoiyeneboda samedicino praqtikaSi. axla am terminis gamoyeneba uaRresad Seuracxmyofelad iTvleba. interseqsi adamiani ibadeba interseqsad. interseqsis gansxvavebebi SeiZleba aSkarad xiluli iyos dabadebisas. zogierTi interseqs niSani SeiZleba aSkara gaxdes sqesobrivi momwifebis periodSi, bavSvis Casaxvis mcdelobisas an SemTxveviT. sxva SemTxvevebi SeiZleba gamovlindes mxolod gvamis eqspertizis dros. interseqs adamianebsa da transgender adamianebs Soris ZiriTadi gansxvaveba is aris, rom interseqs niSans xSirad eqimebi amCneven adamianis bavSvobis an mozardobis periodSi. arcTu iSviaTad maT sasqeso organoebze operacia utardebaT an maTi reproduqciuli organoebis amokveTa xdeba manamde, sanam operaciaze Tanxmobis/uaris Tqmis asaks miaRweven. yvelaze dabali statistikuri monacemebiT, yovel 200 adamianze 1 interseqsi piri modis (dabadebulTa 0.5%). xSirad kidev ufro dabali statistika mohyavT, romlis Sesabamisadac, interseqs admianTa Tanafardoba yovel 2000 adamianze erTs utoldeba. Tumca es maCvenebeli moicavs mxolod im interseqs pirebs, romlebsac bavSvobaSi operacia CautardaT. sxvadasxva saagentos, magaliTad, gaeros statistikis Sesabamisad, interseqs adamianTa ricxvi saerTo mosaxleobis, daaxloebiT, 1,7%-s Seadgens. es niSnavs, rom interseqsi pirebis wili ufro maRalia, vidre dabadebidan smenadaqveiTebuli an wiTuri adamianebis raodenoba.34 naTelia, rom interseqsi adamianebi iyvnen da rCebian diskriminaciisa da adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis maRali riskis qveS. zogierT qveyanaSi aRiarebulia 33. https://lgbt.wisc.edu/documents/Trans_and_queer_glossary.pdf 34. http://www.ilga-europe.org/what-we-do/our-advocacy-work/trans-and-intersex/intersex gverdi 36 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

maT mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis safrTxec. Sesabamisad, isini diskriminaciisgan dacul kategorias miekuTvnebian (mag.: evropis sabWos SemadgenlobaSi msgavsi qveynebia Sotlandia da malta). Tavad evropis sabWom xazi gausva sqesis maxasiaTeblis, rogorc daculi safuZvlis CarTvis mniSvnelobas, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis konteqstSi (CasviT referencia).

kompleqsuri Temi da saerTo gamocdilebebi zemoT moyvanili informacia aCvenebs, rom lgbt qolgis qveS sakmaod kompleqsuri Temi erTiandeba. lgbt Temebi binaruli sqesisa da genderuli normebis miRma arian. xSir SemTxvevaSi, miiCneva, rom calkeuli qvejgufebis warmomadgenlebs ar aqvT raime saerTo sxva qvejgufebis warmomadgenlebTan. bevri lgb piri ver xedavs bunebriv kavSirs transgender adamianebTan; aseve bevri transgenderi Tvlis, rom misi genderuli identobis sakiTxi gansxvavdeba seqsualuri orientaciisgan da, maTi aRiarebis kampaniebis farglebSi, calke midgomebis danergvas moiTxovs. aRsaniSnavia, rom adamiani SeiZleba iyos erTze meti qvejgufis wevri (mag.: trans piri, romelic Tavs lesboselad miiCnevs). lgb (seqsualuri orientacia), transgender (genderuli identoba da gamoxatva) da interseqs adamianebs Soris (sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebi) mkafio gansxvavebaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom zemoxsenebuli jgufebis warmomadgenelTa cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba SeiZleba Zalian gansxvavdebodes erTmaneTisgan, am jgufebs xSirad erTi qolga terminis qveS aerTianeben, raTa ufro gasagebi gaxdes, rom CamoTvlili jgufebi msgavsi tipis diskriminacias ganicdian. maT Sorisaa lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli. informacia interseqs adamianebze, romlebic siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplni gaxdnen, sakmaod mwiria da samarTaldamcavi organoebi da arasamTavrobo organizaciebi mxolod axla iwyeben am gamocdilebis identificireba-aRricxvas. interseqciur (urTierTgadamkveT) diskriminaciaSi igulisxmeba diskriminaciis is ramdenime saxe, romlebsac SeiZleba daeqvemdebaros umciresobaTa esa Tu is jgufi. urTierTgadamkveTi sakiTxebi SeiZleba kidev ufro amwvavebdes gamowvevebs, romelTa winaSec lgbt pirebi dganan (mag.: Savkaniani gei qali SeiZleba iyos rasizmis, homofobiisa da seqsizmis msxverpli). diskriminaciuli damokidebuleba SeiZleba ar modiodes mxolod umravlesobis mxridan: rasizmi arsebobs lgbt TemebSic, xolo homofobia gvxvdeba rasobriv umciresobebSic. muslimi trans piri SeiZleba gaxdes religiuri diskriminaciisa da transfobiis subieqti, rogorc Tavisi religiuri Temis, ise mis miRma arsebuli adamianebis mxridan.

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi â&#x2013;ş gverdi 37

ZiriTadi ganmartebebi — homofobia, transfobia, stereotipireba da diskriminacia homofobia ganisazRvreba, rogorc iracionaluri SiSi da siZulvili homoseqsualobis mimarT da miemarTeba lesbosel, gei da biseqsual adamianebs da efuZneba winaswarganwyobas. martivi definicia iqneboda „lgb pirebisadmi uaryofiTi ganwyoba da SiSi“. transfobia ganisazRvreba, rogorc winaswar ganwyobaze dafuZnebuli iracionaluri SiSi da siZulvili transgenderi pirebisadmi maTi genderuli Seusabamobis gamo. martivi definicia iqneboda „transgenderi pirebisadmi uaryofiTi ganwyoba da SiSi“. homofobia da transfobia SeiZleba gamovlindes socialuri TvalsazrisiT, rogorc Tavis arideba, socialuri gariyva, diskriminacia, Seuracxmyofeli mopyroba, Zaladoba da mkvlelobac ki. homofobia da transfobia SeiZleba warmoiSvas damokidebulebisa da Sexedulebebis Sedegad, romlebsac viTvisebT mSoblebisgan, megobrebisgan, skolaSi, TemSi, religiuri liderebisa da socialuri gavlenis mqone pirebisgan (politikosebi/cnobili saxeebi). homofobia da transfobia sxvadasxva xarisxiT yvela qveyanaSi gvxvdeba. stereotipi aris damokidebuleba an rwmena pir(eb)is Sesaxeb, romelic efuZneba aseTi pirebis an maTi jgufebis Tvisebebsa da maxasiaTeblebs.35 stereotipi alternatiulad SeiZleba ase ganimartos: winaswarganwyobaze dafuZnebuli an zedmetad martivi ganzogadeba adamianTa jgufis Sesaxeb, individualur gansxvavebaTa gauTvaliswineblad. stereotipebis magaliTebia:

 yvela lesboseli kacuria;  yvela afrikeli emigranti kriminalia;  yvela policieli Tavis uflebamosilebas borotad iyenebs;  yvela muslimi religiuri eqstremistia. stereotipebi winaswar gansazRvruli da karikaturuli aRqmaa, romelic iwvevs zogadi maxasiaTeblebis gavrcelebas calkeuli jgufebis yvela wevrze, maTi individualuri Tvisebebis gauTvaliswineblad. stereotipebma SeiZleba uaryofiTi winaswarganwyoba Seqmnas sxva jgufebisadmi da, saboloo jamSi, gamoiwvios diskriminaciuli qceva da Zaladobrivi qmedebebi maT mimarT. miuxedavad imisa, rom stereotipebi umeteswilad uaryofiTia, isini SeiZleba zogjer dadebiTic iyos. dadebiT stereotipebsac ki uaryofiTi gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia, Tundac imitom, rom gulisxmobs farTo ganzogadebas, es ki indi35. OSCE (2014) TAHCLE samarTaldamcvelTa trening saxelmZRvanelo, siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze treningebis Casatareblad trenerTa kurikulumis SemuSavebisTvis. gverdi 38 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

vidualuri realobis ugulebelyofas niSnavs.36 amis magaliTia Sexeduleba, rom qalebi, zogadad, ukeTesad uvlian bavSvebs, vidre kacebi. amgvari stereotipi ugulebelyofs realobas, rom SesaZloa bevri qali Zaladobdes bavSvebze, ris gamoc ar unda hqondeT maTze zrunvis ufleba. cru warmodgenebis cneba ukavSirdeba stereotipis cnebas. cru warmodgena aris winaswarganwyoba, Sexeduleba an damokidebuleba sxva piris/pirTa jgufis mimarT. cru warmodgena xSirad uaryofiTia da, rogorc wesi, eyrdnoba Worebs, varaudebs, grZnobebsa da Sexedulebebs da ara _ codnasa da faqtebs. cru warmodgenebi gavlenas axdens Cvens qmedebebze da Cven mier sxvaTa qmedebebis interpretaciaze.

SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod: treningis dawyebamde unda SeiswavloT diskriminaciasTan dakavSirebuli adgilobrivi kanonmdebloba da ganmartebebi. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, es unda aisaxos treningis masalebSi. monawileebs unda miewodoT ganmartebebi diskriminaciisa da kanonmdeblobiT daculi jgufebis Sesaxeb. diskriminacia: qveynebis umetesobaSi ar arsebobs diskriminaciis samarTlebrivi ganmarteba. aseTi definiciebi xSirad moicavs pirdapir da irib diskriminacias. qvemoT mocemulia diskriminaciis ufro farTo ganmarteba, romelic asaxavs lgbt jgufebisa da sxva umciresobebis gamocdilebas bevr qveyanaSi: „diskriminaciaa, rodesac ufro Zlieri/dominanturi socialuri jgufis wevrebi usamarTlod an sastikad eqcevian naklebad Zlieri/aradominanturi socialuri jgufis wevrebs. is SeiZleba mravali formiT gamovlindes, maT Soris, siZulvilis an usamarTlobis individualuri aqtebiT da im privilegiebis instituciuri uaryofiT, romlebic, Cveulebriv, sxva jgufebs eniWebaT.“37

diskriminaciis samarTlebrivi ganmarteba diskriminacia samarTlebrivad gansazRvrulia, rogorc gaumarTlebeli uTanasworo mopyroba: 1. pirdapiri diskriminaciaa, rodesac erTi an meti akrZaluli safuZvliT piris an pirTa jgufisadmi mopyroba aris, iqneba an SesaZlebelia iyos naklebad xelsayreli analogiur mdgomareobaSi myof sxva pirebsa Tu jgufebTan SedarebiT; an rodesac aseTi mopyrobiT ziani adgeba maT. ufro martivi sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: pirdapiri diskriminaciaa, rodesac piris an pirTa jgufisadmi mopyroba, mosaxleobis umetes nawilTan SedarebiT, naklebad xelsayrelia, maTi umciresobisadmi kuTvnilebis gamo. amis magaliTia policiis oficris mxridan uaris Tqma danaSaulis msxverplisTvis Cvenebis CamorTmevaze, radgan msxverpli transgenderi, boSa an religiuri umciresobis warmomadgenelia. 36. https://lgbtrc.usc.edu/education/terminology/ 37. https://lgbtrc.usc.edu/education/terminology/

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi ► gverdi 39

2. iribi diskriminaciaa, rodesac debuleba, kriteriumi an praqtika garkveul pirebs, erTi an meti daculi safuZvliT (maT Soris, seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT), araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi ayenebs analogiur pirobebSi myof sxva pirebTan SedarebiT, garda iseTi SemTxvevisa, rodesac amgvari debuleba, kriteriumi an praqtika emsaxureba kanoniT gansazRvrul mizans da aqvs obieqturi da gonivruli gamarTleba, gamoyenebuli saSualebebi ki aucilebeli da Tanazomieria aseTi miznis misaRwevad. ufro martivi sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: iribi diskriminaciaa, rodesac garkveuli praqtika, wesebi an politika pirs an pirTa jgufs, mosaxleobis umetes nawilTan SedarebiT, naklebad xelsayrel mdgomareobaSi ayenebs. zogjer iribi diskriminaciis gamovlena ufro rTulia, vidre pirdapiri diskriminaciis. amis magaliTia, specialuri wliuri Svebulebis uflebis miniWeba policiis daqorwinebuli oficrebisTvis, rodesac politika an/da kanonmdebloba ar aRiarebs erTi da imave sqesis urTierTobebs. kidev erTi magaliTia, roca ar aRiareben im qveynis gareT miRebul kvalifikacias, sadac policiis konkretuli danayofi moqmedebs, Tundac ufro maRali xarisxis iyos adgilobriv ganaTlebasTan SedarebiT. es aris iribi diskriminaciis forma, romelic gansxvavebuli eTnikuri warmomavlobis pirs uzRudavs policiaSi dasaqmebis SesaZleblobas. diskriminacia kanonmdeblobiT dauSvebelia nebismier SemTxvevaSi. igi akrZalulia rogorc saerTaSoriso normebiT, aseve Sida samarTlebrivi aqtebiT. yvela saerTaSoriso deklaracia Tu konvencia, romelic Seexeba adamianis uflebebs, iTvaliswinebs diskriminaciis akrZalvas da saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs, Sida kanonmdeblobiT uzrunvelyon Tanasworobac da diskriminaciis dauSveblobac. aseTi saerTaSoriso aqtebidan aRsaniSnavia:

 konvencia qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb;  konvencia rasobrivi diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb;  konvencia Sromisa da dasaqmebis sferoSi diskriminaciis Sesaxeb;  adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia;  adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia;  saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis Sesaxeb;  saerTaSoriso paqti ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis Sesaxeb;  evropis sabWos CarCo konvencia erovnul umciresobaTa dacvis Sesaxeb. zemoaRniSnuli saerTaSoriso aqtebis garda, diskriminacias krZalavs saqarTvelos konstituciac da adgens Tanasworuflebianobis princips.

gverdi 40 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos konstitucia muxli 11. Tanasworobis ufleba 1. yvela adamiani samarTlis winaSe Tanasworia. akrZalulia diskriminacia rasis, kanis feris, sqesis, warmoSobis, eTnikuri kuTvnilebis, enis, religiis, politikuri an sxva Sexedulebebis, socialuri kuTvnilebis, qonebrivi an wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis an sxva niSnis mixedviT. 2. saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebisa da normebis da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs, ganurCevlad maTi eTnikuri, religiuri Tu enobrivi kuTvnilebisa, ufleba aqvT, yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe SeinarCunon da ganaviTaron TavianTi kultura, isargeblon dedaeniT pirad cxovrebaSi an sajarod. 3. saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs Tanabar uflebebsa da SesaZleblobebs mamakacebisa da qalebisaTvis. saxelmwifo iRebs gansakuTrebul zomebs mamakacebisa da qalebis arsebiTi Tanasworobis uzrunvelsayofad da uTanasworobis aRmosafxvrelad. 4. saxelmwifo qmnis gansakuTrebul pirobebs SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirTa uflebebisa da interesebis realizebisaTvis. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi mniSvnelovani samarTlebrivi siaxlea kanoni „diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb“, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2014 wlis 2 maiss. misi mizania diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvra da nebismieri fizikuri da iuridiuli piris mier saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili uflebebiT Tanaswori sargebloba. es kanoni sakmaod farTo CamonaTvals gvTavazobs niSnebisa, romelTa safuZvelzec dauSvebelia diskriminacia. esenia:

 rasa, kanis feri, sqesi, asaki;  moqalaqeoba, warmoSoba, dabadebis adgili, sacxovrebeli adgili;  qonebrivi an wodebrivi mdgomareoba, religia an rwmena;  erovnuli, eTnikuri an socialuri kuTvnileba;  profesia, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, janmrTelobis mdgomareoba;  SezRuduli SesaZlebloba;  seqsualuri orientacia, genderuli identoba da gamoxatva;  politikuri Tu sxva Sexeduleba an sxva niSani; miuxedavad amisa, amomwuravi ar aris im niSnebis sia, romelTa safuZvelzec SeiZleba dairRves kanonis winaSe Tanasworobis ufleba. saqarTveloSi akrZalulia nebismieri saxis diskriminacia.

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi ► gverdi 41

diskriminacia

pirdapiri diskriminacia

iribi diskriminacia

„pirdapiri diskriminacia aris iseTi mopyroba an pirobebis Seqmna, romelic pirs, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili uflebebiT sargeblobisas, sxvadasxva niSnis gamo (rasa, kanis feri, sqesi, asaki da sxva) araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi ayenebs analogiur pirobebSi myof sxva pirebTan SedarebiT, an Tanabar mdgomareobaSi ayenebs arsebiTad uTanasworo pirobebSi myof pirebs“. magaliTi: eqimi pirdapir uars acxadebs pacientis mkurnalobaze, pacientis seqsualuri orientaciis mizeziT. samedicino momsaxurebaze uaris Tqma, eqimis ganmartebiT, ganpirobebulia tradiciuli SexedulebebiT. igi aRniSnavs, rom homoseqsualoba gadaxraa da saWiroa maTi iZulebiTi mkurnaloba saWiro sxva mimarTulebiT. „iribi diskriminacia aris iseTi mdgomareoba, rodesac formiT neitraluri da arsiT diskriminaciuli debuleba, kriteriumi an praqtika pirs romelime niSnis gamo (rasa, kanis feri, sqesi, asaki da sxva) araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi ayenebs, analogiur pirobebSi myof sxva pirebTan SedarebiT, an Tanabar mdgomareobaSi ayenebs arsebiTad uTanasworo pirobebSi myof pirebs“. magaliTi: Tu Sinagan saqmeTa saministros akademiaSi misaRebad dadgenilia erTi da igive normativebi qalebisa da kacebisTvis, aseT neitralur debulebas rig SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia qalebi araxelsayrel mdgomareobaSi Caayenos, maTi fizikuri da biologiuri maxasiaTeblebis gamo. es aris zogadi magaliTi, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia visaubroT irib diskriminaciaze, Tumca ki amJamad qalebisa da mamakacebisTvis gansazRvrulia erTnairi minimaluri standartebi, romlebsac unda akmayofilebdes sapolicio funqciebis Sesasruleblad nebismieri kandidati. mniSvnelovania, ganvmartoT diskriminaciis iseTi forma, rogoricaa seqsualuri Seviwroeba

 seqsualuri Seviwroeba aris seqsualuri xasiaTis nebismieri arasasurveli sityvieri, arasityvieri an fizikuri qceva, romelic miznad isaxavs an iwvevs piris Rirsebis Selaxvas an misTvis damaSinebeli, mtruli, damamcirebeli, Rirsebis Semlaxveli an Seuracxmyofeli garemos Seqmnas.

gverdi 42 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

 mravali niSnis mixedviT diskriminacia aris diskriminacia ori an meti niSnis gamo.  akrZalulia nebismieri qmedeba, romelic miznad isaxavs piris iZulebas, waqezebas an xelSewyobas mesame piris mimarT aRniSnuli xasiaTis diskriminaciis gansaxorcieleblad.  diskriminacia ar aris specialuri da droebiTi RonisZiebebi, romlebic SemuSavebulia faqtobrivi Tanasworobis wasaxaliseblad an misaRwevad, gansakuTrebiT — genderul, orsulobisa da dedobis sakiTxebSi, agreTve SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone piris mimarT. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom diskriminaciad ar miiCneva nebismieri gansxvaveba, dauSvebloba da upiratesoba gansazRvrul samuSaosTan, saqmianobasa an sferosTan dakavSirebiT, romelic specifikur moTxovnebs emyareba. magaliTi: konkretuli samuSaos Sesruleba ukavSirdeba Zlier fizikur SesaZleblobebs, sxvagvarad warmoudgenelia misi Sesruleba. am SemTxvevaSi, Sesabamisi SesaZleblobis armqone pirze uaris Tqma ar aris diskriminacia.

zemoaRniSnuli kanonis mixedviT, diskriminaciis aRmofxvrasa da Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofas zedamxedvelobs saqarTvelos saxalxo damcveli. saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvels ufleba aqvs, Seiswavlis savaraudo diskriminaciis faqti, rogorc gancxadebis/saCivris safuZvelze, aseve sakuTari iniciativiT. diskriminaciis dadgenis SemTxvevaSi, saxalxo damcvels SeuZlia, Sesabamis kerZo da sajaro dawesebulebebsa da fizikur pirebs mimarTos rekomendaciiTa da zogadi winadadebebiT.

diskriminacia kanonmdeblobiT dauSvebelia nebismier SemTxvevaSi. igi akrZalulia rogorc saerTaSoriso normebiT, aseve Sida samarTlebrivi aqtebiT. nebismieri saerTaSoriso deklaracia Tu konvencia, romelic exeba adamianis uflebebs, iTvaliswinebs diskriminaciis dauSveblobas da saxelmwifoebs avaldebulebs, rom Sida kanonmdeblobiT uzrunvelyon Tanasworobis ufleba da diskriminaciis dauSvebloba. rodesac saqme exeba diskriminacias, saxelmwifos aqvs gansakuTrebuli valdebuleba, gamoiZios msgavsi saqmeebi da iyos aqtiuri da efeqtiani.

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi ► gverdi 43

diskriminaciis dauSveblobasTan dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebi:  specialuri RonisZiebebi. „kanonis winaSe Tanasworoba ar niSnavs absolutur Tanasworobas, saxeldobr, adamianTa mopyrobas individualuri konkretuli garemoebebis gauTvaliswineblad. igi asaxierebs princips, romlis Tanaxmadac, Tanabar pirobebSi myof pirebs Tanasworad unda moepyron, araTanabr pirobebSi myofT ki _ gansxvavebulad.“38 zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, naTlad Cans saxelmwifoTa farTo pasuxismgebloba da valdebulebaTa saxeebi diskriminaciis akrZalvis sferoSi. kerZod, saxelmwifoebs ekisrebaT, rogorc negatiuri valdebuleba (Tanasworad moepyron Tanabar mdgomareobasa da pirobebSi myof pirebs), aseve pozitiuri valdebuleba (gansxvavebulad moepyron araTanabar pirobebSi myof pirebs), raTa adamianebs Tanaswori xelmisawvdomoba hqondeT uflebebsa da Tavisuflebebze.  Sedarebis obieqti. rogorc pirdapiri, ise arapirdapiri, diskriminaciis gamosavlenad, aucilebelia, arsebobdes e.w. „Sedarebis obieqti“, raTa Sefasdes, ganicdian Tu ara analogiur uaryofiT efeqts imave mdgomareobaSi myofi sxva pirebi an pirTa jgufebi.  dasabuTebuloba. garemoeba, romelic fasdeba diskriminaciis dasadgenad, aris gansxvavebuli mopyrobis dasabuTebuloba. evropuli sasamarTlos praqtikam daadgina Semdegi kriteriumebi: gansxvavebuli mopyroba dasabuTebulia, Tu is aris obieqturi da gonivruli, emsaxureba legitimur mizans da akmayofilebs proporciulobis tests. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, saxelmwifos aqvs farTo Sefasebis farglebi. sasamarTlom ganacxada, rom diskreciis sazRvrebi damokidebulia konkretul garemoebebze, davis (Seswavlis) saganze. Seswavlis sagani Zalze mniSvnelovania imisaTvis, rom ganisazRvros wevri saxelmwifos Sefasebis farglebi, aseve, ramdenad iolia diskriminaciuli qmedebis gamarTleba da dasabuTeba.  daculi safuZvlebi. diskriminaciis safuZvlebis CamonaTvali samoqalaqo da politikuri uflebebis saerTaSoriso paqtis (gaero) 26-e muxlSi ar aris amomwuravi. Sesabamisad, igi droTa ganmavlobaSi farTovdeboda da dafara iseTi sakiTxebi, rogorebicaa seqsualuri orientacia, asaki da a.S. msgavsi situaciaa evropis sabWos konvenciis me-14 muxlSic. daculi safuZvlebia: rasa, kanis feri, sqesi, eTnikuroba, erovnuli umciresobisadmi kuTvnileba, genderuli identoba, ena, religia, politikuri an sxva mrwamsi da sxva niSani. evropuli sasamarTlo sxva statusSi (niSanSi) moiazrebs seqsualur orientacias, asaks da SezRudul SesaZleblobas. amas garda, sasamarTlom aRiara iseTi daculi safuZvlebic, rogorebicaa mamoba, ojaxuri statusi, organizaciis wevroba da samxedro wodeba. 38. marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso sasamarTlos mosamarTle tanakas mosazreba dasavleT afrikis saqmeze (Judge Tanaka in the South West Africa case (ICJ Rep. 1966, 4). gverdi 44 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

 mtkicebis tvirTi. rogorc wesi, piri romelic waradgens saCivars, amtkicebs diskriminaciis faqts, Tumca SesaZlebelia, rTuli iyos Cveneba, rom gansxvavebuli mopyroba ganxorcielda konkretul dacul safuZvelze dayrdnobiT. sasamarTlos eniT, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlo eTanxmeba faqtebs, romlebic „dgindeba mtkicebulebaTa Tavisufali SefasebiT, maT Soris, daskvnas, romelic SeiZleba gamomdinareobdes mxareebis mier wardgenili faqtebidan... mtkiceba SeiZleba eyrdnobodes sakmarisad Zlier, naTel da SeTanxmebul daskvnebs an msgavs utyuar varaudebs. metic, aucilebelia damajereblobis garkveuli done konkretuli daskvnis gasakeTeblad da mtkicebis tvirTis gadanawileba, rac arsobrivad ukavSirdeba faqtebis specifikas, braldebis bunebas da [adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT gansazRvrul] uflebas.  faqtorebi, romlebsac ar sWirdeba mtkiceba. diskriminaciis faqtis Tanmxlebi garkveuli sakiTxebi, rogorebicaa crurwmena an diskriminaciis ganzraxva, ar aris mniSvnelovani imis dasadgenad, ramdenad dakmayofilda diskriminaciis samarTlebrivi testi. diskriminaciis dasadgenad, martivad unda damtkicdes gansxvavebuli mopyroba daculi safuZvliT, amavdroulad isic, rom amgvari mopyroba dausabuTebeli da gaumarTlebelia. pirvel rigSi, unda iTqvas, rom ar aris saWiro, damtkicdes damnaSavis motivireba crurwmeniT. Sesabamisad, ar aris aucilebeli misi rasistuli an seqsisturi Sexedulebebis dadastureba rasizmis an seqsizmis niadagze diskriminaciis dasamtkiceblad. zogadad, kanons ar SeuZlia individTa damokidebulebis regulireba, vinaidan es maTi Sinagani gancdaa. SesaZlebelia mxolod imis marTva, rac qmedebiT vlindeba; meore, ar aris aucilebeli Cveneba, rom sadavo wesi an praqtika miznad isaxavs gansxvavebul mopyrobas. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Tundac sajaro moxelem/kerZo pirma miuTiTos, rom aRniSnuli ganxorcielda keTili ganzraxviT an gulwrfelobiT, Tu es praqtika iwvevs konkretuli jgufis gariyvas da zians ayenebs maT, faqti CaiTvleba diskriminaciad. saqmeSi D.H. and Others v. the Czech Republic saxelmwifo amtkicebda, rom specialuri skolebi Seqmnili iyo boSa bavSvebis ganaTlebis xelSesawyobad, kerZod, maT dasaxmareblad enobrivi barieris gadalaxvasa da skolamdeli ganaTlebis deficitis SevsebaSi. miuxedavad amisa, sasamarTlom daadgina diskriminacia boSa bavSvebTan mimarTebiT.  statistikisa da sxva tipis monacemebis mniSvneloba _ statistikurma monacemebma SeiZleba umniSvnelovanesi roli Seasrulos diskriminaciis dadgenaSi, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac saqme exeba arapirdapir diskriminacias.

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi ► gverdi 45

dasarigebeli masala 2.1(a): miaqcieT yuradReba!

vis aerTianebs lgbt Temi? – ZiriTadi cnebebi da definiciebi seqsualuri orientacia LGB

L— G— B—

genderuli identoba

genderuli gamoxatva

transgenderi an „T“

interseqsi

saziano socialuri qceva _ ZiriTadi cnebebi da definiciebi homofobia

transfobia

stereotipi

diskriminacia

pirdapiri _ iribi _

gverdi 46 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

dasarigebeli masala 2.1(b): ZiriTad cnebebTan dakavSirebiT dasarigebeli masala warmodgenili figura dagexmarebaT am modulSi ganxiluli cnebebis identificirebasa da gamovlenaSi, romlebic ukavSirdeba seqsualur orientacias, genderul identobasa da gamoxatvas. gTxovT, gaiTvaliswinoT, rom savarjiSo ar unda gamoiyenoT interseqs adamianebze diskusiisTvis, radgan igi ar asaxavs interseqsis ganmartebiT gaTvaliswinebul sqesis maxasiaTeblebis mravalferovnebas. interseqsTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ganxilvisas, ix. aqtivoba 2.1 da dasarigebeli masala 2.1(a).39

identoba

orientacia

seqsualuri orientacia: ras vgrZnobT sxvaTa mimarT, vinc emociurad da fizikurad gvizidavs; ra xdeba Cvens gulebSi, roca xar gei, lesboseli, biseqsuali an heteroseqsuali. genderuli identoba: rogor moviazrebT da vgrZnobT sakuTar genders; ra devs Cvens gonebaSi (mag.: Tavs vgrZnob qalad, kacad, orives kombinaciad an arc erTad). genderuli gamoxatuleba: rogor gamovxatavT sakuTar Tavs qcevis da fizikuri garegnobis meSveobiT. Cveni Cacmuloba, Tma, Zvirfaseuloba, manerebi da sxva. rodesac xar transi, sisgenderi, qrosdreseri sxva jgufebs Soris.

gamoxatuleba sqesi

Cveni sqesi: qromosomebisa da fizikuri organoebis biologiuri naerTi. ra gvayalibebs kacad, qalad, orived an arc erTad. lesboseli: qali, romelic romantikul, emociur, fizikur da seqsualur ltolvas, ZiriTadad, sxva qalebisadmi ganicdis. gei kaci: kaci, romelic romantikul, emociur, fizikur da seqsualur ltolvas, ZiriTadad, sxva kacebisadmi ganicdis. biseqsuali: adamiani, romelsac aqvs mniSvnelovani romantikuli, emociuri, fizikuri da seqsualuri ltolva orive sqesis adamianebisadmi. heteroseqsuali: adamiani, romelic emociur, romantikul an seqsualur mizidulobas ganicdis sapirispiro sqesis warmomadgenlebisadmi. transgenderi: adamiani, visi genderuli identobac gansxvavdeba dabadebisas gansazRvruli sqesisgan an visac surs Tavisi genderuli identobis warmoCena dabadebisas gansazRvruli sqesisgan gansxvavebulad.

39. http://itspronouncedmetrosexual.com/2012/03/the-genderbread-person-v2-0/

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi â&#x2013;ş gverdi 47

aqtivoba 2.2: stereotipebis gageba 1: jgufuri samuSao, Semdeg - prezentacia da diskusia plenarul sesiaze (20 wuTi)

SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod: am savarjiSos fasilitaciisas saWiroa sifrTxile, raTa lgbt pirTa mimarT gaJRerebuli uaryofiTi stereotipebi ar iqces homofobiis/transfobiis gamoxatvis SesaZleblobad. misi ganxorcieleba SeiZleba Seuferebeli iyos rTul an iseT samuSao garemoSi, rodesac fasilitatori gamoucdelia winaaRmdegobrivi diskusiebis marTvaSi. saWiro masalebi: flipCartis qaRaldi, kalmistrebi; oTaxebi jgufebSi muSaobisTvis an sivrce treningis oTaxSi. 1. dayaviT monawileebi oTx jgufad. 2. daavaleT TiToeul jgufs SeZlebisdagvarad meti stereotipis dasaxeleba:

 pirveli jgufi _ uaryofiTi stereotipebi lgbt pirebis Sesaxeb;  meore jgufi _ uaryofiTi stereotipebi policiis Sesaxeb;  mesame jgufi _ dadebiTi stereotipebi lgbt pirebis Sesaxeb;  meoTxe jgufi _ dadebiTi stereotipebi policiis Sesaxeb. 3. mieciT jgufebs xuTi wuTi Sesabamisi stereotipebis gamosavlenad. Semdeg monawileebi gaaerTianeT da sTxoveT jgufebs, rom erTmaneTs gauziaron TavianTi daskvnebi. ganaTavseT Sedegebi oTx flipCartze. 4. zogadi diskusiis farglebSi, dasviT SekiTxvebi:  stereotipebi zustad aRwers am jgufebs?  ra zianis motana SeuZlia stereotipebs am ori jgufisTvis? am savarjiSom unda gamoamJRavnos cru warmodgenebi da aCvenos, rom yvela jgufs adgeba ziani stereotipebiT. lgbt pirebisa da policiis paraleluri gamokvleva xels Seuwyobs policiasa da lgbt Tems Soris kavSiris damyarebas. [wyaro: Polack, R. and LeDeroff, J. (2010) ILGA Europe-is instrumentebis wyeba policiis oficrebisTvis, homofobiur danaSaulTan brZolis xelSesawyobad ILGA Europe.]

aqtivoba 2.3(a): stereotipebis gageba: individualuri samuSao, rasac diskusia mohyveba (20 wuTi). saWiro masalebi: flipCartis qaRaldi, kalmistrebi. 1. daavaleT monawileebs damoukideblad muSaoba da sTxoveT, gaixsenon stereotipuli damokidebuleba, romelic gamovlinda maT mimarT an ojaxis wevris, nacnobisa Tu megobrisadmi. sTxoveT, daweron, ra zegavlena hqonda aseT stereotipizacias.

gverdi 48 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

2. ramdenime wuTis Semdeg, sTxoveT ramdenime monawiles, mokled isaubron sakuTar gamocdilebaze.

aqtivoba 2.3(b): stereotipebis gageba 2: jgufuri diskusia (15 wuTi) zemoxsenebul diskusiaze dayrdnobT, dausviT jgufs Semdegi SekiTxvebi da maTi ideebi CawereT flipCartze:

 stereotipebis Tqveneuli gagebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ra riskebis winaSe SeiZleba dadgnen calkeuli pirebi, ojaxebi da Temebi, Tuki stereotipizacia ar daiZleva?  ra riskebi iarsebebs, Tu policiis TanamSromlebi aseT stereotipizacias Tavad Seuwyoben xels?

moduli 2(a): ZiriTadi cnebebi da ganmartebebi ► gverdi 49

moduli 2(b): ZiriTadi cnebebi da definiciebi _ siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli swavlebis Sedegebi treningebis Sedegad monawileebi SeZleben:

 siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis ganmartebis gagebas;  siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da siZulvilis incidentebis diferencirebas;  siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis zogierTi ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblis gaazrebas, rac policiis kompetenciaSi Sedis;  adgilobrivi/erovnuli sapolicio konteqstis gagebas;  terminologiis gamoyenebas treningebisa da maTi muSaobis farglebSi;  gaazrebas, rom Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis gareSec, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli arsebobs, rogorc socialuri koncefcia da praqtikuli sapolicio zomebis gatarebis safuZveli. aqtivobebisa da maTi ganxorcielebis xangrZlivobis mimoxilva:  aqtivoba 2.4: ra aris siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli? prezentacia da diskusia (20 wuTi);  aqtivoba 2.5: ganmartebis testi (10 wuTi);  aqtivoba 2.6: siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulTan dakavSirebuli erov nuli kanonmdeblobis identificireba (10 wuTi). aqtivoba 2.4: ra aris siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli? prezentacia da diskusia (30 wuTi).

SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod adgilobrivi kanonmdebloba da siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis/siZulvilis incidentis/siZulvilis enis samarTlebrivi ganmartebebi unda SeiswavloT treningis dawyebamde. monawileebs unda miawodoT definiciebi kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli daculi jgufebis Sesaxeb. saWiro masalebi: flipCartis qaRaldi, kalmistrebi; dasarigebeli masala 2.4(a); dasarigebeli masala 2.4(b).

gverdi 50 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

am aqtivobis farglebSi treneri plenarul sesiaze gaacnobs monawileebs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis ganmartebas da ZiriTad cnebebs. maT daurigdebaT dasarigebeli masala 2.4(a) (adgilobriv konteqstze morgebis Semdeg). 2.4(b)is gamoyeneba monawileebs SeuZliaT ZiriTadi cnebebis gagebis Sesamowmeblad.

ZiriTadi ganmartebebi: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli: sisxlis samarTlis qmedeba Seuwynareblobis motiviT. siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi moicavs muqaras, qonebis dazianebas, mkvlelobas an nebismier sxva sisxlis samarTlebriv danaSauls, rodesac msxverplis, danaSaulis adgilis an samiznis SerCeva ganpirobebulia msxverplis realuri an aRqmuli kavSiriT (mikuTvneba, wevroba, mxardaWera) romelime dacul jgufTan. siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis ori ZiriTadi komponentia: a) sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena; da b) Seuwynareblobis motivi. romelime zemoxsenebuli komponentis ararsebobisas, incidenti ver dakvalificirdeba siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulad. lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi aris qmedebebi, romlebic Cadenilia Seuwynareblobis motiviT. siZulviliT motivirebulia qmedeba, rodesac msxverplis, danaSaulis adgilis an samiznis SerCeva ganpirobebulia msxverplis an samiznis realuri an aRqmuli kavSiriT (mikuTvneba, wevroba an mxardaWera) lgbt jgufTan. unda arsebobdes gonivruli eWvi, rom damnaSavis motivi aris: seqsualuri orientacia, genderuli identoba, genderuli gamoxatva an dazaralebulis sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebi. siZulviliT motivirebuli incidentebi aris Seuwynareblobis motiviT Cadenili qmedebebi an gamoxatulebebi. am qmedebebma SeiZleba ar miaRwios siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulad kvalifikaciis zRvars, Tu ar arsebobs sakmarisi mtkicebuleba SeuwynareblobiT Cadenili sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis dasadgenad an es qmedeba erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT ar miiCneva sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad. quCaSi piris mimarT transfobiuri Sinaarsis SeZaxilebi SeiZleba iyos siZulviliT motivirebuli incidenti, Tu es gamoxatuleba da masTan dakavSirebuli saSiSi qceva ar aris sakmarisi sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgeblobis dasakisreblad. siZulvilis ena moiazrebs gamoxatvis yvela formas, romlebic avrcelebs, aqezebs, xels uwyobs an amarTlebs umciresobaTa jgufis warmomadgenlebis mimarT siZulvils, diskriminacias an Zaladobas, mag.: politikur da religiur liderTa gancxadebebi, presiT an internetiT gavrcelebuli sxva mosazrebebi, romlebic miznad isaxavs siZulvils gaRvivebas. siZulvilis ena SeiZleba erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT ar moiazrebodes sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad.

moduli 2(b): ZiriTadi cnebebi da definiciebi â&#x2013;ş gverdi 51

genocidi gulisxmobs ganzrax qmedebas, romelic miemarTeba erovnuli, eTnikuri, rasobrivi, religiuri an socialuri jgufis mTliani an nawilobrivi ganadgurebisken. siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli SeiZleba iyos im procesis nawili, romelsac genocidamde mivyavarT. genocidis calkeuli qmedebebi SeiZleba ganixilebodes siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulad. siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis umTavresi Tvisebaa viTarebis gamwvaveba, Tu ar gatardeba zomebi am danaSaulis aRsakveTad. Tu siZulvilis ena ar daiZleva, mas SeiZleba mohyves sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli an/da Zaladobrivi qmedebebi. aseTma danaSaulma SeiZleba zemoqmedeba moaxdinos ara mxolod konkretulad samizne pirze, aramed misi ojaxis an adgilobrivi Temis wevrebsa da mTel sazogadoebaze. aqedan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania, skolebma, Temebma, mTavrobebma da policiam saTanado reagireba moaxdinon msgavs incidentebze, raTa xeli SeuSalon diskriminaciuli qcevis gamwvavebas. daculi maxasiaTebeli (diskriminaciis niSani) aris jgufis fundamenturi niSnebi, rogorebicaa rasa, religia, eTnikuri warmomavloba, erovneba, sqesi, seqsualuri orientacia, sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebi an msgavsi saerTo faqtorebi, romlebic maTi identobis fundamenturi maxasiaTebelia. aseTi maxasiaTeblebi Cveni identobis Semadgeneli nawilia, romlis Secvlac advili ar aris. anu arsebobs garkveuli niSnebi, romelTa gamoc, drois periodisa da kulturis farglebSi, diskriminaciis mkafio tendencia gamoikveTa. seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis dasaxeleba qveyanaTa diskriminaciis amkrZalav kanonmdeblobebSi gulisxmobs maT gansazRvras diskriminaciisgan dacul safuZvlebad. daculi safuZveli adamianis piradi maxasiaTebelia, romelic, rogorc wesi, ar icvleba (mag.: rasa, rogorc Savkaniani adamianis daculi safuZveli, lesboseli qalis seqsualuri orientacia da a.S.). lgbt pirTa mimarT diskriminaciasa da Cagvras istoriuli fesvebi aqvs: is damaxasiaTebeli iyo sxvadasxva sazogadoebisa da kulturisTvis, maT Soris, adreul saukuneebSic, Tumca msgavs praqtikas da Zaladobis sxvadasxva formas vxvdebiT dResac, Tanac iseTi mZime formebiT, rogoricaa homoseqsualobis kriminalizacia. siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls xSirad uwodeben „gzavnilis Semcvel danaSaulsac“, radgan danaSaulis Camdenis mizani arcTu iSviaTad aris gzavnilis miwodeba adamianTa jgufis an sazogadoebisTvis, rom isini ar arian misaRebebi da safrTxe emuqrebaT. sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sferos warmomadgenlebis, maT Soris, policiis pasuxismgebloba ki is aris, rom damnaSaveebs miawodos gzavnili sazogadoebis Seugueblobaze aseTi danaSaulebis mimarT. lgbt saTemo centris kedelze iseTi warweris gakeTeba, rogoricaa „sikvdili yvela homoseqsuals“, gzavnilis mimwodebeli samarTaldarRvevaa. am qmedebiT gzavnilis avtors surda, mTeli adgilobrivi lgbt sazogadoebisTvis eTqva, rom isini ar arian usafrTxod. gaiTvaliswineT: ar aris aucilebeli damtkiceba, rom damnaSaves sZulda jgufi, romliskenac miemarTeboda qmedeba. sakmarisia Cveneba, rom msxverpli SeirCa gverdi 52 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

daculi jgufis wevrobis niSniT (Seuwynareblobis motiviT). siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Camdeni SeiZleba imave jgufis wevri iyos. damnaSaveebi xSirad irCeven gei kacebs SantaJis samizned _ imedi aqvT, rom maTgan fulis gamoZalvas SeZleben, radganac sazogadoebisa da instituciebis mxridan Cagvris gamo, lgbt adamianebi Zaladobisa da gariyvis riskqveS dganan TavianTi seqsualuri orientaciis gamoaSkaravebis SemTxvevaSi. Sesabamisad, damnaSaveebs SeiZleba ar hqondeT winaswarganwyoba konkretuli gei kacebis mimarT, magram fulis martivi gziT Sovnis survili amoZravebdeT. aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela qveyanas ar aqvs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba. am qveynebSi SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos calkeul incidentebze saubari, rodesac policiasTan erTad siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebs ganixilavT. ar aris savaldebulo, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverpli daculi jgufis warmomadgeneli iyos: is SeiZleba SeirCes daculi jgufis mxardaWeris gamo an SecdomiT miakuTvnon aseT jgufs (mag.: msxverpli iyos: heteroseqsuali kaci, romelmac geiebis barTan Caiara da SecdomiT am baris klienti egonaT, ris gamoc scemes; an satelevizio saxe, romelic mxars uWers lgbt adamianTa uflebebs da amis gamo memarjvene radikaluri jgufebis samizne xdeba). piri SeiZleba ver acnobierebdes, rom siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplia an ar esmodes, ras gulisxmobs aRniSnuli cneba. es ar gamoricxavs faqts, rom incidenti SeiZleba iyos siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli. msxverplma SeiZleba icodes/ar icodes, rom danaSaulis obieqti gaxda umciresobaTa jgufTan mikuTvnebis gamo. policiis pasuxismgeblobaa, gaarkvios, arsebobs Tu ara mikerZoebuli motivi da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, ganumartos es msxverpls. msxverplis aRqma aris mxolod erT-erTi im faqtorTagani, romelTa gaTvaliswinebac saWiroa (ix. moduli 4 — „mikerZoebulobis indikatorebi“).

dasarigebeli masala 2.4(a) – siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sainformacio furceli

ganmarteba: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli: sisxlis samarTlis qmedeba, Cadenili Seuwynareblobis motiviT. siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi moicavs muqaras, qonebis dazianebas, Tavdasxmas, mkvlelobas an nebismier sxva sisxlis samarTlis danaSauls, rodesac msxverplis, danaSaulis adgilis an samiznis SerCeva ganpirobebulia msxverplis aRqmuli an realuri kavSiriT (mikuTvneba, wevroba, mxardaWera) romelime dacul jgufTan. lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli aris qmedeba Seuwynareblobis motiviT, rodesac msxverplis, danaSaulis adgilis an samiznis SerCeva ganpirobebulia msxverplis an samiznis realuri an aRqmuli kavSiriT (mikuTvneba, wevroba, mxardaWera) lgbt jgufTan. unda arsebobdes safuZvliani varaudi, rom damnaSavis motivi iyo seqsualuri orientacia, genderuli identoba, genderuli gamoxatva an dazaralebulis sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebi.

moduli 2(b): ZiriTadi cnebebi da definiciebi ► gverdi 53

siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis ori ZiriTadi komponentia: a) sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis Cadena; da b) Seuwynareblobis motivi. siZulviliT motivirebuli incidentebi aris Seuwynareblobis motiviT Cadenili qmedebebi an gamoxatulebebi. am qmedebebma SeiZleba ar miaRwios siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulad kvalifikaciis zRvars, Tu ar arsebobs sakmarisi mtkicebuleba SeuwynareblobiT Cadenili sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis dasadgenad an es qmedeba erovnuli kanonmdeblobiT ar miiCneva sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad. siZulvilis ena lgbt pirTa mimarT gulisxmobs gamoxatvis yvela formas, romlebic avrcelebs, aqezebs, xels uwyobs an amarTlebs aseTi pirebisadmi siZulvils, diskriminacias an Zaladobas (mag.: politikur da religiur liderTa gancxadebebi an presiT Tu internetiT gavrcelebuli sxva mosazrebebi, romlebic miznad isaxavs siZulvilis gaRvivebas). genocidi gulisxmobs ganzrax qmedebas, romelic miemarTeba erovnuli, eTnikuri, rasobrivi, religiuri an socialuri jgufis mTliani Tu nawilobrivi ganadgurebisken. siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli SeiZleba iyos im procesis nawili, romelsac genocidamde mivyavarT. genocidis calkeuli qmedebebi SeiZleba ganixilebodes siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulad. siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis umTavresi Tvisebaa viTarebis gamwvaveba, Tu ar gatardeba zomebi am danaSaulis aRsakveTad. Tu siZulvilis ena ar daiZleva, mas SeiZleba mohyves sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli an/da Zaladobrivi qmedebebi. am danaSaulma SeiZleba zemoqmedeba moaxdinos ara mxolod konkretulad samizne pirze, aramed misi ojaxis an adgilobrivi Temis wevrebsa da mTel sazogadoebaze. daculi maxasiaTebeli aris jgufis fundamenturi niSani, rogoricaa rasa, religia, eTnikuri warmomavloba, erovneba, sqesi, seqsualuri orientacia, sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebi an msgavsi saerTo faqtorebi, romlebic maTi identobis fundamenturi maxasiaTebelia. aseTi maxasiaTeblebi Cveni identobis Semadgeneli nawilia, romlis Secvlac advili ar aris. anu, arsebobs garkveuli niSnebi, romelTa gamoc, drois periodisa da kulturis farglebSi, diskriminaciis mkafio tendencia gamoikveTa. siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls xSirad uwodeben „gzavnilis Semcvel danaSaulsac“, radgan arcTu iSviaTad danaSaulis Camdenis mizania gzavnilis miwodeba adamianTa jgufis an sazogadoebisTvis, rom isini ar arian misaRebebi da safrTxe emuqrebaT. sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sferos warmomadgenlebis, maT Soris, policiis pasuxismgebloba ki is aris, rom damnaSaveebs miawodos gzavnili sazogadoebis Seugueblobaze aseT danaSaulTan. gaiTvaliswineT, ar aris aucilebeli damtkiceba, rom damnaSaves sZulda jgufi, romelsac miemarTeboda qmedeba. sakmarisia Cveneba, rom msxverpli SeirCa daculi jgufis wevrobis niSniT (mikerZoebuli damokidebulebis gamo). siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Camdeni SeiZleba imave jgufis wevri iyos. gverdi 54 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela qveyanas ar aqvs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba. am qveynebSi SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos calkeul incidentebze saubari, rodesac policiasTan erTad siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebs ganixilavT. ar aris savaldebulo, msxverpli daculi jgufis warmomadgeneli iyos. is SeiZleba SeirCes daculi jgufis mxardaWeris gamo an SecdomiT miakuTvnon aseT jgufs. msxverpli SeiZleba ver acnobierebdes, rom siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplia, an ar esmodes, ras gulisxmobs aRniSnuli cneba. es ar gamoricxavs faqts, rom incidenti/qmedeba SeiZleba siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauli iyos.

dasarigebeli masala 2.4(b) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; swrafi testi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb SeavseT Tavisufali adgilebi (igive pasuxi orive SemTxvevaSi) 1

siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls xSirad moixsenieben rogorc _________________ danaSauls. es ganpirobebulia damnaSavis surviliT, Tems miawodos ______________________, rom misi wevrebi ar arian usafrTxod.

unda Seatyobinos Tu ara msxverplma policias siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli, raTa incidenti gamoiZion, rogorc siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli? mokled ganmarteT pasuxi.

ra tendencia SeiZleba Camoyalibdes, Tu siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze reagireba adreul etapzeve ar moxdeba? romeli ori ZiriTadi komponenti unda iyos saxeze, rom SemTxveva siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulad CaiTvalos?

1) _____________________________________________________________ 2) _____________________________________________________________

unda iyos Tu ara piri lgbt Temis warmomadgeneli, rom danaSauli lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulad CaiTvalos?

aris Tu ara aucilebeli, lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis sisxlis samarTlebrivi gamoZiebis procesSi damtkicdes, rom damnaSaves sZulda msxverpli?

aris Tu ara siZulvilis ena siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli?

daasaxeleT daculi jgufebis maxasiaTeblebi Tqveni erovnuli kanonmdeblobis mixedviT, romelic aregulirebs siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls. daasaxeleT daculi maxasiaTeblebis ori saerTo Tviseba:

1) _____________________________________________________ 2) _____________________________________________________

moduli 2(b): ZiriTadi cnebebi da definiciebi â&#x2013;ş gverdi 55

aqtivoba 2.5: ganmartebis testi (5 wuTi) saWiro masalebi: kalmistrebi; dasarigebeli masalebi 2.5a (testi) da 2.5(b) (pasuxebi) TiToeul monawiles gadaeciT dasarigebeli masalebi. ganumarteT monawileebs, rom savarjiSoebis mizania ZiriTadi cnebisa da ganmartebis misadageba. 5 wuTis Semdeg, miawodeT monawileebs pasuxebi da sTxoveT sakuTari qulebis dajameba. ganixileT mcire prizis daweseba im pirisTvis, romelic yvelaze maRal qulas daagrovebs.

dasarigebeli masala 2.5(a) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ganmartebebis testi ZiriTadi cneba

CasviT aso

ganmarteba

sityvebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba pirisTvis mimarTvisas an misi saxelis nacvlad (mag.: is/mas/isini (mdedrobiTi/ mamrobiTi).

homofobia

adamianis unari, hqondes Rrma emociuri, sasiyvarulo Tu seqsualuri miziduloba da intimuri/seqsualuri kavSiri sxva adamianebTan.

transi

winaswar ganwyobili iracionaluri SiSi da siZulvili homoseqsuali da lgb adamianebis mimarT.

interseqsi

pirebi, romelTa genderuli identoba ar Seesabameba dabadebisas gansazRvrul sqess da, sxeulis garegnuli mxareebisa da funqciebis gardaqmnis mizniT, sqesis kvlavminiWebis operacias ikeTeben.

tranzicia

kaci, romelic romantikul, emociur, fizikur da seqsualur ltolvas ZiriTadad sxva kacebisadmi ganicdis.

stereotipi

Cveni yoveldRiuri arCevani Cacmisa Tu qcevis TvalsazrisiT, romelic Cvens sqesze mianiSnebs.

genderuli identoba

socialuri, iuridiuli an/da samedicino cvlilebebis procesi, romelic moicavs fizikur garegnobas, tansacmels da socialur urTierTobebs.

biseqsuali

gaumarTlebeli uTanasworo mopyroba.

lesboseli

adamiani, romelic Rrma emociur, romantikul an seqsualur mizidulobas ganicdis/sapirispiro sqesis warmomadgenlebisadmi.

nacvalsaxelebi

iracionaluri SiSi da siZulvili transgenderi adamianebis mimarT, romelic efuZneba winaswarganwyobas.

diskriminacia

gverdi 56 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

transseqsuali

qolga termini, romelic faravs garkveuli adamianebis mier farTo mosaxleobisgan gansxvavebuli genderis identificirebis mravalferovan formebs.

seqsualuri orientacia

adamianis mier kacis, qalis an sxva sqesisadmi kuTvnilebis individualuri Sinagani aRqma.

heteroseqsuali

adamiani, romelsac aqvs mniSvnelovani romantikuli, emociuri, fizikuri da seqsualuri ltolva orive sqesis adamianebisadmi.

transfobia

winaswarganwyobaze dafuZnebuli an zedmetad martivi ganzogadeba adamianTa jgufis Sesaxeb, individualur gansxvavebaTa gauTvaliswineblad.

genderuli gamoxatva

qali, romelic romantikul, emociur, fizikur da seqsualur ltolvas ZiriTadad sxva qalebisadmi ganicdis.

gei

sqesis maidentificirebeli niSnebi (mag.: mdedrobiTi/ mamrobiTi, qalbatoni/batoni), romlebic xSirad gvxvdeba piradobis damadasturebel dokumentebSi

adamiani, romlis Tandayolili fizikuri, hormonuli an genetikuri maxasiaTeblebi ar aris srulad qalis an kacis; aris erTdroulad qalisac da kacisac; an arc qalisaa da arc kacis.

genderis niSani

dasarigebeli masala 2.5(b) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ganmartebebis testis pasuxebi ZiriTadi cneba

CasviT aso

definicia

diskriminacia

sityvebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba pirisTvis mimarTvisas an misi saxelis nacvlad (mag.: is/mas/isini (mdedrobiTi/ mamrobiTi).

homofobia

adamianis unari, hqondes Rrma emociuri, sasiyvarulo Tu seqsualuri miziduloba da intimuri/seqsualuri kavSiri sxva adamianebTan.

transi

winaswar ganwyobili iracionaluri SiSi da siZulvili homoseqsuali da lgb adamianebis mimarT.

interseqsi

pirebi, romelTa genderuli identoba ar Seesabameba dabadebisas gansazRvrul sqess da sxeulis garegnuli niSnebisa da funqciebis gardaqmnis mizniT, sqesis kvlavminiWebis operacias ikeTeben.

tranzicia

kaci, romelic romantikul, emociur, fizikur da seqsuÂ alur ltolvas ZiriTadad sxva kacebisadmi ganicdis.

stereotipi

Cveni yoveldRiuri arCevani Cacmisa Tu qcevis TvalsazrisiT, romelic Cvens sqesze mianiSnebs.

moduli 2(b): ZiriTadi cnebebi da definiciebi â&#x2013;ş gverdi 57

genderuli identoba

socialuri, iuridiuli an/da samedicino cvlilebebis procesi, romelic moicavs fizikur garegnobas, tansacmels da socialur urTierTobebs.

biseqsuali

gaumarTlebeli uTanasworo mopyroba.

lesboseli

adamiani, romelic emociur, romantikul an seqsualur mizidulobas ganicdis sapirispiro sqesis warmomadgenlebisadmi.

nacvalsaxelebi

iracionaluri SiSi da siZulvili transgenderi adamianebis mimarT, romelic efuZneba winaswarganwyobas.

transseqsuali

qolga termini, romelic faravs garkveuli adamianebis mier farTo mosaxleobisgan gansxvavebuli genderis identificirebis mravalferovan formebs.

seqsualuri orientacia

adamianis mier kacis, qalis an sxva sqesisadmi kuTvnilebis individualuri Sinagani aRqma.

heteroseqsuali

adamiani, romelsac aqvs mniSvnelovani romantikuli, emociuri, fizikuri da seqsualuri ltolva orive sqesis adamianebisadmi.

transfobia

winaswarganwyobaze dafuZnebuli an zedmetad martivi ganzogadeba adamianTa jgufis Sesaxeb, individualur gansxvavebaTa gauTvaliswineblad.

genderis gamoxatva

qali, romelic romantikul, emociur, fizikur da seqsualur ltolvas ZiriTadad sxva qalebisadmi ganicdis.

gei

sqesis maidentificirebeli niSnebi (mag.: mdedrobiTi/ mamrobiTi, qalbatoni/batoni), romlebic xSirad gvxvdeba piradobis damadasturebel dokumentebSi.

adamiani, romlis Tandayolili fizikuri, hormonuli an genetikuri sqesobrivi maxasiaTeblebi ar aris srulad qalis an kacis; aris erTdroulad qalisac da kacisac an arc qalisaa da arc kacis.

genderis niSani

aqtivoba 2.6: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobis konteqstis identificireba (30 wuTi) saWiro masalebi: qaRaldi da kalmistrebi. am aqtivobis farglebSi jgufma unda ganixilos erovnuli kanonmdebloba siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb da gaiazros, Tu rogor aris is gansazRvruli. monawileebs dausvamen kiTxvas, aqvT Tu ara gamocdileba siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebis mxriv da rogor muSaobs praqtikaSi gamoZieba da prokuratura. gansaxilvelia Semdegi sferoebi:

ď&#x201A;&#x201E; ra tipisaa kanoni (konkretuli sanqciebi, zogadi sanqciebi, konkretuli danaSaulebi)? gverdi 58 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

 romeli daculi maxasiaTeblebia gaTvaliswinebuli?  rogoria policiis politika siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebiT?  ra roli gekisrebaT, rogorc gamomZiebels?  Tqveni azriT, ra roli ekisreba prokurors?  Tqveni azriT, ra roli ekisreba sasamarTlos?  rogoria Tqveni gamocdileba arsebuli kanonmdeblobis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT?  rogor fiqrobT, kanonmdebloba efeqtiania?

moduli 2(b): ZiriTadi cnebebi da definiciebi ► gverdi 59

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: adamianis uflebebsa da diskriminaciis akrZalvaze dafuZnebuli midgoma Sesavali da winapirobebi adamianis uflebebi SeiZleba xSirad „realuri sapolicio saqmianobisgan“ ganyenebulad aRiqmebodes, Tumca sinamdvileSi maT kavSiri aqvs policiis TiToeuli oficris ZiriTad valdebulebebTan, dawyebuli dazaralebulTa usafrTxoebidan da damTavrebuli efeqtiani gamoZiebiT. am standartebis Seusruleblobas SeiZleba seriozuli Sedegebi mohyves. dazaralebulebs SeiZleba gaucruvdeT ndoba da miiCnion, rom policia ar icavs maT. SesaZlebelia SeeqmnaT STabeWdileba, rom damnaSaveebi dausjelebi rCebian da Tavisuflad SeZleben danaSaulis Cadenas SemdgomSic. aseve, SesaZlebelia policiis samsaxurebis winaaRmdeg aRiZras sarCelebi diskriminaciis, maT Soris, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis darRvevis safuZvelze.

gverdi 60 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi yoveldRiurad xdeba, risi mizezicaa cru warmodgenebi da diskriminacia. kvlevam aCvena, rom lgbt adamianebis mimarT sajarod gamoixateba mtruli damokidebuleba da Zaladoba; isini diskriminacias ganicdian samuSao adgilze, skolaSi, sacxovreblis Ziebisas an rodesac jandacvis samsaxurebs mimarTaven. zogierTi lgbt adamiani policiis mxridanac ganicdis Seviwroebasa da Zaladobas. yovelive es mTlianobaSi lgbt pirebs barierebs uqmnis iseT sakiTxebSi, rogorebicaa siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis Setyobineba policiisTvis an TanamSromloba gamoZiebisa da samarTalwarmoebis procesSi. danaSaulis gaucxadeblobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli mizezebi aseTia: dazaralebulebi SiSoben, rom: a) policia maT saCivars seriozulad ar miiRebs; b) aseTi incidentebi Zalian xSirad xdeba da azri ara aqvs maT gacxadebas; g) damnaSaveebma SeiZleba Suri iZion maTze. es niSnavs, rom lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebisas, policiis oficrebi Zalian frTxilad unda iyvnen, raTa Tavidan aicilon am pirebis xelaxali da meoreuli viqtimizacia. rogorc me-2 modulSi aRvniSneT, martivi zomebis gatareba imisaTvis, rom policiis ganyofilebebi da personali lgbt pirTa mimarT ufro keTilganwyobili iyos, mniSvnelovnad gazrdis Sanss, rom dazaralebulebi mzad iqnebian gamoZiebisa da samarTalwarmoebis procesSi TanamSromlobisaTvis. am modulSi mimoxilulia adamianis uflebaTa standartebi, romlebic policielebisTvis yvelaze relevanturia lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motvirebuli danaSaulis konteqstSi. moduli Seicavs savarjiSoebs, romlebic xels Seuwyobs adamianis uflebaTa standartebisa da principebis dacvas policiis oficerTa mxridan da daexmareba maT lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis efeqtianad gamoZiebaSi. dasarigebel masalaSi 3.3(b) mimoxilulia yvelaze relevanturi saerTaSoriso standartebi, romlebic miznad isaxavs efeqtiani sapolicio zomebis gatarebas lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad. saWiroebis SemTxvevebSi _ da rodesac mizanSewonilia _ adgilobrivi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi unda miiwvion prezentaciebis gasakeTeblad, aseve, monawileebTan konstruqciuli dialogis gasamarTad diskriminaciis sakiTxebze, romelsac lgbt pirebi ganicdian erovnul konteqstSi. am modulSi ganxilulia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis CarTvis SesaZleblobebi.

swavlebis Sedegebi Sedegad, monawileebi: ď&#x201A;&#x201E; gaacnobiereben cru warmodgenebis, mtruli ganwyobisa da diskriminaciis farTo konteqsts, romelsac lgbt pirebi da Temebi awydebian (codna); gamoavlenen konkretul barierebs, romelTa gamoc lgbt Temebi ar acxadeben siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls; ukeT gaiazreben policiis Sesabamis movaleobebs (unari);

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad â&#x2013;ş gverdi 61

 gaecnobian evropis sabWos da adamianis uflebaTa sxva standartebs, maT Soris, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos sakvanZo gadawyvetilebebs lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebze; gaigeben, Tu ratom aris es standartebi mniSvnelovani maTze dakisrebuli movaleobis Sesasruleblad (codna);  gaacnobiereben policiis mxridan adamianis uflebaTa SesaZlo darRvevebs (unari);  gaecnobian evropis sabWos standartebs da sxva ZiriTad saerTaSoriso standartebs.

aqtivobebisa da maTTvis gankuTvnili drois mimoxilva  aqtivoba 3.1: diskriminaciis ufro farTo konteqstis gageba, romelsac lgbt pirebi da Temebi awydebian (30 wuTi);  aqtivoba 3.2: konkretuli barierebis gamovlena, romelTa gamoc lgbt Temebi ar acxadeben siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls; ZiriTad uflebaTa saagentos (FRA) angariSis gacnoba (30 wuTi).  aqtivoba 3.3: evropis sabWos ZiriTadi standartebis, adamianis uflebaTa sxva standartebisa da erovnuli standartebis gacnoba lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb; ECHR-is gadawyvetilebebis gaazreba; gacnobiereba, Tu ratom aris mniSvnelovani es standartebi policiis oficris pasuxismgeblobaTa ukeT SesrulebisTvis (codna) (60 wuTi).

aqtivoba 3.1: diskriminaciis ufro farTo konteqstis gageba, romelsac lgbt pirebi da Temebi awydebian (30 wuTi) saWiro masalebi: flipCartis qaRaldi, kalmistrebi; dasarigebeli masala 3.1. 1. sesiis dawyebamde, moamzadeT flipCartis ori furceli:

 cxrili saxelwodebiT: „cru warmodgenebi (winaswarganwyobebi) da diskriminacia lgbt pirTa mimarT“. flipCartze moamzadeT cxrili oTxi svetiT: sajaro sivrceebi, sajaro momsaxurebebi (servisi) (sacxovrebeli, ganaTleba), piradi cxovreba, samuSao adgili. SegiZliaT, es kategoriebi diagramis saxiTac aCvenoT. mTavaria, oTxi kategoria naTlad Candes da sakmarisi sivrce rCebodes sityvebis dasamateblad.  furceli saTauriT „lgbt pirTa policiasTan kontaqtis gamocdileba“.

gverdi 62 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

„cru warmodgenebi da diskriminacia lgbt pirTa mimarT“.

sajaro sivrce (quCa, restornebi, barebi)

sajaro momsaxurebebi (jandacva, sacxov rebeli, ganaTleba)

piradi cxovreba (ojaxi)

samuSao adgili

2. sesiis dawyebamde, moiZieT lgbt pirTa mimarT cru warmodgenebisa da mtruli damokidebulebebis mtkicebulebebi im qveynis konteqstSi, sadac treningi mimdinareobs (mag.: moZebneT monacemebi TGEU da ILGA-Europe-is veg-gverdebze; SegiZliaT, adgilobriv samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs daukavSirdiT am informaciis misaRebad). ukeTesi iqneba, Tu mivuTiTebT magaliTebs qarTuli realobidan _ yvelaze gavrcelebul SemTxvevebs diskriminaciis niSniT Seuwynareblobis motiviT danaSaulis Cadenisas, rodesac dazaralebuls uwodeben „pederasts“, „qaTams“, „ujiSos“ „eSmakis mociquls“ „pedofils“, „bavSvebis gamryvnels“ da a.S. sazogadoebis nawils miaCnia, rom seqsualuri umciresobis wevrebTan urTierTobis SemTxvevaSi, es „daavadeba“ gadaedebaT. gavrcelebulia mosazreba, rom aseTi pirebis yureba iwvevs mimbaZvelobas da arsebobs safrTxe, rom maTi Semxedvare arasrulwlovnebic gaxdnen „maTnairebi“ (ix. qvemoT 3.2(a)). 3. 5 wuTi: gaacaniT monawileebs aqtivoba da ganmarteT, ra saxis crurwmenebs, mtrul damokidebulebasa da diskriminacias awydebian lgbt pirebi TavianTi cxovrebis bevr sferoSi. auxseniT monawileebs, rom zogierT magaliTs gaecnobian aqtivobis momdevno nawilSi. aseve, ganumarteT, rom am etapze gsurT, maT gagiziaron mtruli damokidebuleba da cru warmodgenebi, romlebsac awydebian lgbt adamianebi. monawileebis mier moyvanili magaliTebi SeitaneT Sesabamis svetSi. Tu ar gagiziareben mosazrebebs, SegiZliaT, Tqven miaSveloT erTi an ori mosazreba da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, wina diskusia SeaxsenoT. qvemoT moyvanilia ramdenime magaliTi, romlebic SegiZliaT gamoiyenoT:

sajaro sivrce (quCa, restornebi, barebi) Seuracxmyofeli saxelebis daZaxeba daJinebuli mzera

sajaro momsaxurebebi (jandacva, sacxovrebeli, ganaTleba) skolaSi Cagvra samedicino personalis mxridan arasaTanado mopyroba binis mflobelebis mier ukanono gamosaxleba

piradi cxovreba (ojaxi) ojaxidan gagdebis muqara fizikuri da sityvieri Seuracxyofa ojaxis wevrebis mxridan

samuSao adgili dacinva, Seuracxmyofeli komentarebi, dawinaurebaze uaris Tqma

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad ► gverdi 63

4. dayaviT monawileebi 4-5-kacian jgufebad. darwmundiT, rom adamianebi, romlebic erTad muSaoben, sxvadasxva jgufSi aRmoCndnen (Tu SesaZlebelia, jgufebSi daicaviT saTanado genderuli Tanafardoba). 5. miawodeT jgufebs dasarigebeli masala 3.1; sTxoveT, gaecnon mas da ganixilon ramdenime wuTis ganmavlobaSi. SeaxseneT, rom isini mzad unda iyvnen cxrilSi Sesabamisi informaciis Sesatanad. 6. mieciT jgufs 10-15 wuTi am masalis wasakiTxad da im sakiTxebis SesaTanxmeblad, romlebic cxrilSi unda Seitanon. periodulad SeamowmeT, ramdenad swori mimarTulebiT mimdinareobs diskusia. 7. kvlav moiwvieT jgufebi plenarul sesiaze da sTxoveT, SeTanxmebuli sakiTxebi cxrilSi Seitanon. waaxaliseT, rom vizualurad an sxva formiT gamoxaton sakuTari azri. wardgenil winadadebebze dayrdnobiT, hkiTxeT sxva monawileebs, ras fiqroben am ideebze. 8. SeajameT Semdegi ZiriTadi sakiTxebi: lgbt adamianebi cru warmodgenebsa da diskriminacias cxovrebis yvela sferoSi awydebian. 9. flipCartze miamagreT meore furceli, saTauriT „lgbt pirTa policiasTan urTierTobis gamocdileba“. Tu monawileebi pasuxs ar gascemen am sakiTxs, SegiZliaT, SesTavazoT saubari qvemoT moyvanil gamocdilebebze:  gacxadebul incidentebze Semdgomi zomebis gautarebloba;  policiis mxridan Seviwroeba;  diskriminacia policiis mxridan reagirebisas;  Zaladoba, maT Soris fizikuri Seuracxyofa. 10. daasruleT aqtivoba ZiriTad sakiTxebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT da ganumarteT monawileebs, rom Semdegi aqtivobis farglebSi jgufebi ufro siRrmiseulad Seiswavlian am sakiTxebs.

dasarigebeli masala 3.1: lgbt pirebisa da Temebis mimarT diskriminaciis farTo konteqstis gageba lgbt pirebi mtrul damokidebulebasa da diskriminacias cxovrebis bevr sferoSi ganicdian. homofobiuri da transfobiuri xumrobebi Zalian xSiria. lgbt adamianebs quCaSi xSirad daJinebiT aTvaliereben. es gansazRvravs maT mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da incidentebis konteqsts da gavlenas axdens maT ndobaze policiis mimarT. saboloo jamSi, maT ar sjeraT, rom policia saTanado reagirebas moaxdens danaSaulis SemTxvevebze. gaecaniT infogramas, romelic ZiriTad uflebaTa saagentom moamzada evrokavSiris masStabiT Catarebuli fundamenturi kvlevis farglebSi, romelic lgbt pirebs Seexeboda. https://www.dropbox.com/s/erlrz3fo1l4ppsa/eu-lgbt-survey-infographic_en.jpg?dl=0

ra SeityveT mimoxilvidan im mtrul ganwyobasa da cru warmodgenebze, romlebsac awydebian lgbt adamianebi? waikiTxeT amonaridebi, sadac asaxulia kvlevis gverdi 64 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

farglebSi gamokiTxul pirTa mosazrebebi. rogor fiqrobT, ra gavlenas axdens es gamocdileba lgbt adamianTa usafrTxoebis SegrZnebaze da maT mzadyofnaze, rom ganacxadon siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi da incidentebi? „18 wlis asakSi gavamJRavne, rom lesboseli var. uaryofiTi komentarebi da xumrobebi komunikaciis wesad iqca. nebismier adamians, vinc lgbt pirTa uflebebze pozitiur azrs (an pativiscemas) gamoxatavda, marginalizeba da Seviwroeba eloda. Cem mimarT diskriminacia arasdros gadazrdila fizikur ZaladobaSi, magram mudmivad iyo Worebi, gariyva, xumrobebi, fsiqologiuri Zaladoba, araadekvaturobis gancda, SiSi, rom me an Cemi garemocva _ maT Soris, partniori, ojaxi, megobrebi _ ar viyaviT usafrTxod“. (italia, lesboseli, 30) „Znelia, SeinarCuno samuSao safrangeTSi, Tu damsaqmebeli gaigebs, rom gei xar. Tqven dauyovnebliv moiazrebiT sust adamianad“. (safrangeTi, gei, 33) „24 wlis ganmavlobaSi bankSi vmuSaobdi da mudmivad ganvicdidi diskriminacias Cemi direqtorebis mxridan. isini miiCnevdnen, rom Cems seqsualobasTan mimarTebiT aseTi gulaxdili damokidebulebis gamo, ar unda davewinaurebine, radgan ar viwvevdi pativiscemas. erTxel axalma TanamSromelma iTxova, rom misi magida Cemi magidisgan „gonivrul manZilze“ moeTavsebinaT, radgan eSinoda, rom seqsualurad Sevaviwroebdi. misi moTxovna gonivrulad CaiTvala da Cemi magida gadaaadgiles. rodesac, bolos da bolos, damawinaures, miTxres, rom Cemi seqsualoba saidumlod Semenaxa“. (saberZneTi, gei, 53) „[Cemi qali partniori da me] Ramis klubSi ar davdivarT _ ZiriTadad imitom, rom Zalian saSiSia, Tu es klubebi keTilganwyobilni ar arian lgbt adamianebis mimarT (gansakuTrebiT, roca iq martoni varT). Cven ar vaxmaurebT am urTierTobas mezoblebis an binis mepatronis winaSe“. (slovenia, lesboseli, 28)

erovnul konteqstze morgeba saqarTvelosTan mimarTebiT, SegiZliaT ixiloT sazogadoebrivi kvlevis angariSi „siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli, siZulvilis ena da diskriminacia saqarTveloSi: sazogadoebis ganwyoba da informirebuloba“.40

40. https://rm.coe.int/hate-crime-hate-speech-and-discrimination-in-attitudes-and-awareness-g/16808ef62b

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad ► gverdi 65

aqtivoba 3.2: konkretuli barierebis gamovlena, romelTa gamoc lgbt Temebi ar acxadeben siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls; ZiriTad uflebaTa saagentos (FRA) angariSis gacnoba es aqtivoba iTvaliswinebs wakiTxvas, mcire jgufebSi ganxilvasa da plenarul sesiaze diskusias fasilitatoris daxmarebiT. saWiro masalebi: flipCartis qaRaldi, kalmistrebi; dasarigebeli masala 3.2. 1. moamzadeT flipCartis ori furceli. pirveli daasaTaureT Semdegnairad: „policiisTvis danaSaulis gaucxadeblobis mizezebi“. meore ki ase: „ras niSnavs es policiisTvis? risi gakeTebaa SesaZlebeli?“ 2. dayaviT monawileebi, daaxloebiT, 4-5-kacian jgufebad. darwmundiT, rom adamianebi, romlebic erTad muSaoben, sxvadasxva jgufSi aRmoCndnen (Tu es SesaZlebelia, daicaviT genderuli Tanafardoba). 3. miawodeT dasarigebeli masala 3.3 da sTxoveT, mihyvnen instruqciebs. mieciT 10-15 wuTi, raTa gaecnon masalas da erTmaneTs gauziaron mosazrebebi dasarigebel masalaSi asaxul sakiTxze. 4. mcire jgufebi kvlav gaaerTianeT did jgufad. sTxoveT monawileebs, erTmaneTs gauziaron mosazrebebi FRA-is angariSis Sesaxeb. gaocdnen im adamianTa procentuli maCvenebliT, romlebic policias ar atyobineben msgavs danaSaulebs? maTi azriT, ratom ar acxadeben adamianebi aseT danaSaulebze? es maT konteqstsac asaxavs? CainiSneT ZiriTadi aspeqtebi flipCartze. 5. rodesac jgufTan erTad am kiTxvebs gaivliT, SeaxseneT monawileebs, rom FRA-is angariSi dafuZnebulia siRrmiseuli kvlevis Sedegebze, romlis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia sxva konteqstSic. Tu monawileebi gaaprotesteben daskvnebs, aRiareT, rom kvlevas SeiZleba hqondes garkveuli xarvezebi, Tumca mainc gamokveTs mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs, romlebic gasaTvaliswinebelia, roca vadgenT lgbt pirTa mier siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gaucxadeblobis mizezebs. Tu samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi arian CarTulni, gamoiyeneT maTi gamocdileba da wvlili, raTa ganixiloT lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis adgilobrivi mtkicebulebebi, aseve _ gaumJRavneblobis mizezebi. 6. gadadiT flipCartis meore gverdze da hkiTxeT jgufs, ras niSnavs es policiisa da maTi praqtikisTvis. 7. daasruleT aqtivoba flipCartze asaxuli sakiTxebis SejamebiT. am sakiTxTan dabruneba SesaZlebelia treningis Semdgom etapzec.

gverdi 66 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

3.2a. adgilobrivi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis CarTva aqtivobebSi 3.1 da 3.2 (arCeviTi) adgilobriv da centralur doneze arsebul samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciaTa monawileoba 3.1 da 3.2 aqtivobebis ganxorcielebaSi xels Seuwyobs monawileTa gamocdilebis gaRrmavebas. ganixileT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis mowvevis mizanSewoniloba prezentaciis gasakeTeblad cru warmodgenebsa da diskriminaciis farTo konteqstze, romlebsac lgbt pirebi da Temebi awydebian; aseve, im konkretul barierebze, romelTa gamoc lgbt pirebi da Temebi ar acxadeben siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebs. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis warmomadgenlebma SeiZleba Tanafasilitacia gauwion jgufur diskusiebs da maT xelT arsebuli konkretuli informacia da monacemebi moiyvanon diskusiis procesSi (am sakiTxebis ufro siRrmiseuli ganxilvisTvis, ix. moduli 5).

dasarigebeli masala 3.2: lgbt Temebis mier siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulTa gacxadebis barierebis gamovlena; FRA -is angariSis gacnoba 1. dauTmeT ramdenime wuTi evrokavSiris ZiriTad uflebaTa saagentos angariSs (2013) _ EU LGBT kvleva: evropis kavSiris lesboselebis, geiebis, biseqsualebisa da transgenderebis kvleva, ZiriTadi Sedegebi, kerZod, misi 2.3 nawilis wakiTxvas. masSi asaxulia im msxverplTa wili, romlebic acxadeben policiaSi maT mimarT Cadenil danaSaulebs; aseve, mizezebi, romelTa gamoc lgbt pirebi ar acxadeben maT mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb. 2. axla waikiTxeT: http://www.ilgaeurope.org/sites/default/files/womens_experience_of_homophobia_and_transphobia.pdf

angariSi xazs usvams lgbt adamianebis, gansakuTrebiT, qalebis mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis zemoqmedebas; aseve, aCvenebs, rom lgbt qalebi naklebad acxadeben siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls da umciresobaTa jgufebis warmomadgeneli qalebi metad eqvemdebarebian Zaladobriv danaSauls. 3. am aqtivobis dasrulebis Semdeg, jgufTan erTad ganixileT Tqveni mosazrebebi. 4. FRA-is angariSis Sesabamisad, msxverplTa ra procentuli wili acxadebs policiaSi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb? 5. romeli ZiriTadi mizezebis gamo ar acxadebs msxverpli policiaSi danaSaulis Taobaze?

ras niSnavs es Tqveni samuSaosTvis? jgufSi SeajameT mosazrebebi, romlebsac Semdeg Tqvens kolegebs gauziarebT did jgufad gaerTianebisas.

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad â&#x2013;ş gverdi 67

aqtivoba 3.3: evropis sabWos ZiriTadi standartebis, adamianis uflebaTa sxva standartebisa da erovnuli standartebis gacnoba lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb am aqtivobaSi xazgasmulia policiis mxridan adamianis uflebaTa dacvis fundamenturi mniSvneloba. aqtivoba iwyeba sakvanZo sityvebiT, romlebic Semdeg ganmartebulia kazusis _ identoba saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg _ wakiTxvisas. masalebi: baraTi/A4 qaRaldi; flipCarti, qaRaldi da kalmistrebi; dasarigebeli masala 3.3(a); dasarigebeli masala 3.3(b).

SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod am sesiis momzadebisas yuradRebiT waikiTxeT dasarigebeli masala 3.3(b), romelic detalur informacias Seicavs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos Sesabamis gadawyvetilebebze, aseve, evropis sabWos da sxva saerTaSoriso standartebze. ECHR-is gadawyvetilebebi gansakuTrebiT relevanturia am sesiis momzadebisas. 1. sesiis dawyebamde, furcelze an baraTebze dawereT Semdegi terminebi da frazebi:  muxli 3, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia;  muxli 14, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia;  pozitiuri valdebulebebi;  procesualuri valdebulebebi;  homofobiuri motivis gamovlena. Semdeg TiToeuli termini dawereT calke furcelze da ganaTavseT oTaxSi. 2. aqtivobis dasawyisSi daarigeT furclebi am terminebiT. ganumarteT monawileebs, rom daweril terminebsa da frazebs sakvanZo mniSvneloba aqvs sapolicio saqmianobaSi adamianis uflebaTa midgomis gamoyenebisaTvis. 3. sTxoveT monawileebs, xmamaRla waikiTxon terminebi da gagiziaron maTi mniSvneloba. ganumarteT, rom ar moeliT srulyofil pasuxs am etapze, ubralod, gainteresebT maTi mosazrebebi. sTxoveT sxva monawiles, daweros flipCartze SemoTavazebuli mosazrebebi. mokled ganixileT TiToeuli termini, magram jer ar SesTavazoT ganmarteba. axseniT, rom maT sesiis bolos daubrundebiT. 4. daurigeT monawileebs masala 3.3, romelic mimoixilavs saqmes `identoba saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg~. waradgineT aqtivobis es nawili da ganumarteT monawileebs, rom saqmis mokle SejamebaSi uzustoba ar aris, Tumca aqtivobis mizani ar aris sasamarTlos mier ganxiluli saqmis garemoebebisa da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis amomwuravi aRwera: misi amocanaa saqarTvelos erTi magaliTis ganxilva da adamianis uflebaTa saerTo principebis gamovlena, romlebic yvela policiels exeba. gverdi 68 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

5. mieciT monawileebs 5-7 wuTi, raTa gaecnon 3.3. dasarigebel masalas; sTxoveT, moZebnon terminebi, romlebic axlaxan ganixileT jgufSi, da kvlav Sexedon ganmartebebs. 6. monawileebi gaaerTianeT ufro did jgufSi da daiwyeT marTuli diskusia. daubrundiT im definiciebsa da terminebs, romlebic treningis sesiis dasawyisSi waradgineT. daiwyeT konvenciis me-3 muxliT. hkiTxeT monawileebs, kvlavac eTanxmebian Tu ara ganmartebebs da xom ar daumatebdnen maT rames. hkiTxeT, ras niSnavs es maTi praqtikisTvis. 7. isaubreT terminze „pozitiuri valdebuleba“. hkiTxeT jgufs, ras niSnavs es termini da xom ar daumatebdnen rames. diskusiis ganmavlobaSi gamoiyeneT qvemoT mocemuli saeqsperto mosazreba. me-3 muxliT dakisrebuli pozitiuri valdebuleba gulisxmobs, rom saxelmwifom unda gaataros rogorc prevenciuli, aseve sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi piris mimarT nebismieri arasaTanado mopyrobis SemTxvevaSi. es niSnavs, rom saxelmwifoebma unda daicvan pir(eb)i mesame piris danaSaulebrivi qmedebebisagan da gonivruli nabijebi gadadgan im arasaTanado mopyrobis Tavidan asacileblad, romlis Sesaxebac xelisuflebam icis (an unda scodnoda). garda amisa, maT unda Caataron savaraudo arasaTanado mopyrobis efeqtiani oficialuri gamoZieba, maSinac ki, Tu is Cadenilia kerZo piris mier. ganmarteT, rom aseTi valdebulebebi ukve arsebobs rasobrivi, eTnikuri da religiuri niSniT Cadenil darRvevebTan dakavSirebiT. 8. isaubreT me-14 muxlis Sesaxeb. hkiTxeT monawileebs, xom ar daumatebdnen TavianT ganmartebebs rames. diskusiis msvlelobisas gamoiyeneT Semdegi definicia: „konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebiTa da TavisuflebebiT sargebloba uzrunvelyofilia yovelgvari diskriminaciis gareSe, ganurCevlad sqesis, rasis, kanis feris, enis, religiis, politikuri Tu sxva Sexedulebebis, erovnuli Tu socialuri warmoSobis, erovnuli umciresobisadmi kuTvnilebis, qonebrivi mdgomareobis, dabadebisa Tu sxva niSnisa~. 9. gadadiT terminze „Seuwynareblobis motivis gamovlena“ da mis mniSvnelobaze policiis praqtikisTvis. SeaxseneT monawileebs, rom daubrundebiT am sakiTxs, rodesac diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebs ganixilavT; axseniT misi mniSvneloba policiis praqtikis, oqmebisa da treningebis kuTxiT da rom es mimdinare treningis Catarebis erT-erTi mTavari mizezia. diskusiis ganmavlobaSi gamoiyeneT saeqsperto mosazrebebi: policiis praqtika: „Sidasaxelmwifoebriv organoebs unda CaetarebinaT gamoZieba [...] da mieRoT yvela gonivruli zoma mimdinare movlenebTan dakavSirebuli homofobiuri motivis rolis gamosavlenad. aucilebeli iyo [...] ganxorcielebuli Tavdasxmis diskriminaciuli safuZvlis srulyofili gamoZieba, raTa daedginaT, erTi mxriv, lgbt sazogadoebis mimarT arsebuli mtruli damokidebuleba da, meore mxriv, TavdamsxmelTa mier warmoTqmuli calsaxad homofobiuri sityvieri Seuracxyofis mizezi. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebis mxridan marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebisadmi mkacri midgomis gareSe, diskriminaciuli motiviT Cadenili danaSaulebi ganixile-

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad ► gverdi 69

ba Cveulebriv (aradiskriminaciuli motivis) danaSaulebad, rac gautoldeba oficialur an Tundac dumiliT gamoxatul Tanxmobas siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebze“ (par. 77). 10. da bolos, gadadiT proceduruli valdebulebebis ganxilvaze. hkiTxeT monawileebs, ras niSnavs es praqtikaSi. ganmarteT, rom rodesac sazogadoebaSi ikveTeba homofobiis niSnebi da adamianebis viqtimizacia seqsualuri orientaciis safuZvelze, policia valdebulia, gamoiZios es, rac adamianis uflebaTa dacvis proceduruli elementia. diskusiis ganmavlobaSi gamoiyeneT saeqsperto mosazrebebi: „sasamarTlos ena sruliad naTelia. igi mkafio da Zlier gzavnils awvdis mxare saxelmwifoebs: rodesac sazogadoebis garkveul nawils uaryofiTi damokidebuleba aqvs seqsualuri umciresobebis mimarT, samarTaldamcvel organoebs ekisrebaT demonstraciis monawileTa, maT Soris, lgbt pirTa dacvis calsaxa pozitiuri valdebuleba (par. 80). da bolos, xelisuflebis organoebs aqvT proceduruli (pozitiuri) valdebuleba, gamoiZion homofobiuri motiviT ganpirobebuli siZulvili, homofobiur Zaladobaze pasuxismgebel pirTa gamoaSkaravebis xazgasmiT“ (par. 80). rogorc sasamarTlom aRniSna, srulfasovani gamoZiebis gareSe, „samomavlod rTuli iqneba mopasuxe qveynisTvis Sesabamisi zomebis gatareba msgavsi mSvidobiani demonstraciebis dasacavad“ (par. 80).41 11. dabolos, miawodeT monawileebs dasarigebeli masala 3.3(b) da sTxoveT, yuradReba gaamaxvilon informaciaze adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebsa da sxva Sesabamis saerTaSoriso standartebTan mimarTebiT. xazi gausviT, rom es mniSvnelovani resursi daexmareba maT muSaobaSi.

41. http://echrso.blogspot.co.uk/2015/05/the-judgment-in-identoba-and-others-v.htm gverdi 70 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

dasarigebeli masala 3.3(a): ECHR-is mier ganxiluli saqmis mimoxilva — identoba saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg treningis miznebisTvis, dasarigebel masalaSi mimoxilulia saqme `identoba saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg~ (saqmis detalurad gasacnobad ix. ECHR-is veb-gverdi goo.gl/ddlwPG).

winapirobebi ra moxda? saqarTvelos xelisuflebam `identobas~ ufleba misca, rom 2012 wlis 17 maiss, Tbilisis centrSi, mSvidobiani demonstracia gaemarTa homofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso dRis aRsaniSnavad. xelisuflebam daadastura, rom „ganlagebuli policiis Zalebi uzrunvelyofdnen demonstraciis mSvidobianad Catarebas“. demonstraciis dRes, „msvlelobis monawileebs 100 an meti kontrdemonstranti daxvdaT, romlebic gansakuTrebuli agresiulobiT gamoirCeodnen da sityvier Seuracxyofas ayenebdnen maT“. agresia msvlelobis monawileTa winaaRmdeg gamZafrda. kontrdemonstrantebma ramdenime aqtivists xelidan gamostaces banerebi, daxies da msvlelobis monawileTa xeliskvriTa da dartymiT fizikur Setevaze gadavidnen. msvlelobis erT-erT monawiles xelebiTa da fexebiT scemes, ramdenimes ki fizikuri dazianebebi miayenes. kontrdemonstrantebi imuqrebodnen da iZaxdnen, rom msvlelobis monawileni „cocxlad unda daewvaT“ an „gaesrisaT“. dapirispirebisas „sapatrulo policia aRmoCnda SemTxvevis adgilisgan moSorebiT“. rodesac msvlelobis monawileebma policielebs daxmarebisTvis mimarTes, maT miuges, rom sapatrulo policiis TanamSromlebi ar iyvnen da arsebul situaciaSi Careva ar evalebodaT. msvlelobis monawileebisgan satelefono zarebis miRebis Semdeg, sxva policielebi mividnen incidentis adgilas da Caerivnen cemis aRsakveTad, Tumca muqarebi gagrZelda. policiam msvlelobis monawile ramdenime lgbt piri daakava _ sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisad, ori mizniT: (1) aeridebina momCivnebis mxridan administraciuli samarTaldarRveva – sagzao moZraobis Seferxeba; da (2) daecva isini kontrdemonstrantTa Tavdasxmisgan.

am movlenebis Semdeg momCivnebma ramdenime detaluri sarCeli waradgines maT mimarT Cadenili Zaladobisa da policiis mxridan arasaTanado dacvasTan dakavSirebiT (ix. par. 20-28).

ECHR-is gadawyvetileba homofobiisa da mtruli ganwyobis konteqsti sasamarTlom gaiTvaliswina lgbt pirTa mimarT homofobiuri da uaryofiTi damokidebuleba saqarTveloSi da ganmcxadebelTa sasargeblod miiRo gadawyvetileba. mtkicebulebebi efuZneboda evropis sabWos adamianis uflebaTa komisris vizits saqarTveloSi da evropis regionis lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali, transi da interseqsi pirebis mxardaWeris saerTaSoriso asociaciis (ILGA-Europe) mtkicebulebebs. sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom es adamianebi daucvelebi arian,

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad ► gverdi 71

radgan „lgbt pirTa mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebuleba met-naklebad gavrcelebuli midgomaa qarTveli sazogadoebis garkveul wreebSi. es uaryofiTi damokidebuleba gansakuTrebiT naTelia im fonze, rodesac 2012 wlis 17 maisis incidents diskriminaciuli elferi hqonda da ganmcxadeblebi, rogorc diskriminaciis samizne jgufis wevrebi, daucvelni aRmoCndnen“ (par. 68). zemoxsenebulis gaTvaliswinebiT _ erTobliobaSi msvlelobisas policiis mxardaWeris naklebobasTan _ sasamarTlom daaskvna, rom „ganmcxadebelTa mimarT mopyroba maTSi SiSs, tanjvasa da daucvelobas iwvevda, rac ar Seesabameba adamianis Rirsebis dacvas da ramac konvenciis me-3 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli uflebis darRvevis simZimis zRvars miaRwia, me-14 muxlTan erTobliobaSi“.

policiam ver uzrunvelyo saTanado dacva sasamarTlo miiCnevs rom adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebisTvis cnobili iyo (an unda yofiliyo) riskebi, romlebic ukavSirdeboda sazogadoebis mowyvladi jgufis mier sajaro msvlelobis Catarebas. Sesabamisad, maT hqondaT gaZlierebuli saxelmwifo dacvis valdebuleba (par. 72). yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sasamarTlom miiCnia, rom „adgilobrivi xelisuflebis organoebma saTanadod ver daicves cameti momCivani 2012 wlis 17 maiss kerZo pirTa mxridan siZulviliT ganpirobebuli Tavdasxmisgan“ (par. 74).

efeqtiani gamoZiebis Cautarebloba miuxedavad imisa, rom damnaSaveTa qmedebebi videokameriT dafiqsirda da dazaralebulebs xiluli dazianebebi miadgaT, xelisuflebam „momCivnebTan dakavSirebuli incidentis garemoebebis amomwuravi da mniSvnelovani gamoZiebis dawyebis sanacvlod, gaurkveveli mizezebiT Seamcira gamoZiebis farglebi da aRZra urTierTdamoukidebeli saqmeebi mxolod ori momCivnisTvis miyenebul sxeulis dazianebis faqtze“ (par. 75). garda amisa, gamoZieba ori weliwadi gagrZelda da damnaSaveebs mxolod umniSvnelo administraciul jarimebi daekisraT. xelisuflebam saTanadod ar gamoiZia siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli da ar gamoiyena Sesabamisi erovnuli kanonmdebloba. saqmis garemoebebisa da im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saqarTvelos ar aqvs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba, sasamarTlom daaskvna: „aqedan gamomdinare, sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom Sidasaxelmwifoebriv organoebs unda CaetarebinaT gamoZieba am mimarTulebiT da mieRoT yvela gonivruli zoma mimdinare movlenebTan dakavSirebuli homofobiuri motivis rolis gamosavlenad. aucilebeli iyo 2012 wlis 17 maiss ganxorcielebuli Tavdasxmis diskriminaciuli safuZvlis srulyofili gamoZieba, raTa daedginaT, erTi mxriv, lgbt sazogadoebis mimarT arsebuli mtruli damokidebuleba da, meore mxriv, TavdamsxmelTa mier warmoTqmuli calsaxad homofobiuri sityvieri Seuracxyofis mizezebi. sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom samarTaldamcavi organoebis mxridan marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebisadmi mkacri midgomis gareSe, diskriminaciuli motiviT Cadenili danaSaulebi ganixileba Cveulebriv (aradiskriminaciuli motivis danaSaulebad), rac gautoldeba oficialur an Tundac dumiliT gamoxatul Tanxmobas siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebze~. gverdi 72 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

dasarigebeli masala 3.3 (b): evropis sabWos Sesabamisi standartebi da sxva saerTaSoriso normebi da standartebi

evropis sabWos standartebi adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos sainformacio publikaciebi am resursebSi gaerTianebulia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos mier ganxiluli saqmeebi da gadawyvetilebebi konvenciis yvela aspeqtTan dakavSirebiT. qvemoT Sejamebulia yvelaze mniSvnelovani sainformacio publikaciebi. „seqsualur orientaciasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi“:42 am sainformacio masalaSi detalurad aris ganxiluli yvela saqme, romlebic Seexeba evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebSi lgbt Temebis mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da siZulvilis enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebs, razedac sisxlis samarTlebrivi wesiT moxda reagireba. aseve, mocemulia damatebiTi informacia saqmeebze `identoba saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg~ da M.C. and C.A. v. Romania, romlebic ganxilulia am saxelmZRvanelos me-3 da me-5 modulebSi. garda amisa, masalaSi aisaxa faqtebi saqarTvelosa da xorvatiis winaaRmdeg wardgenili ori saqmis Sesaxeb, romlebic ganxilvis etapzea. „homoseqsualoba: sisxlis samarTlebrivi aspeqtebi“:43 am masalaSi aRwerilia momCivnebis mier sasamarTloSi wardgenili saqmeebis Sedegebi, romlebic asaxavda savaraudo diskriminaciul/gansxvavebul mopyrobas saxelmwifoebis mxridan, roca saqme exeboda gei adamianebs Soris seqsualur urTierTobebs (heteroseqsual pirebTan SedarebiT). es SemTxvevebi naTlad asaxavs lgbt pirTa gamocdilebas, romlebsac xSirad epyrobian, rogorc eWvmitanilebsa da damnaSaveebs, nacvlad imisa, rom aRiaron siZulviliT motivirebuli Tu sxva danaSaulebis potenciur msxverplad. „genderul identobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi“:44 es masala ar exeba lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls an arasaTanado mopyrobas policiis mxridan; Tumca am masalaSi Sejamebuli ganCinebebi asaxavs problemebs, romlebsac transgenderi pirebi awydebian TavianTi genderuli identobis iuridiuli da socialuri aRiarebis TvalsazrisiT. am modulSi warmodgenili ganmartebis mixedviT, mniSvnelovania gavigoT, rom lgbt pirTa mier gancdili diskriminaciis konteqsti aryevs maT ndobas policiisadmi: am adamianebs aRar sjeraT msgavsi incidentebis efeqtianad gamoZiebis, ris gamoc ar acxadeben aseTi danaSaulebis Sesaxeb.

ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia CM/Rec(2001)10 evropis policiis eTikis kodeqsis Taobaze,45 sakvanZo amonaridebis Sejameba evropis sabWos wevr qveynebSi warmodgenili policiis samsaxurebisa da institutebis mravalferovnebis miuxedavad, ministrTa komiteti aRiarebs, rom eTi42. http://www.echr.coe.int/documents/fs_sexual_orientation_eng.pdf 43. http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Homosexuality_ENG.pdf 44. http://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/FS_Gender_identity_ENG.pdf 45. http://www.refworld.org/docid/43f5c7944.html

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad ► gverdi 73

kis rigi standartebi yvela servisis farglebSi saerTo unda iyos. am kodeqsSi detalurad aris mimoxiluli policiis mier ZiriTadi funqciebis Sesrulebisas dasacavi standartebi. kerZod: 1. demokratiul sazogadoebaSi, romelic kanonis uzenaesobis principiT imarTeba, policiis ZiriTadi miznebia:  sazogadoebrivi marTlwesrigis dacva;  adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT gamyarebuli ZiriTadi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacva da pativiscema;  danaSaulis prevencia da brZola;  danaSaulis gamovlena;  daxmarebisa da momsaxurebis gaweva sazogadoebisaTvis. policiis treningis konteqstSi, yovel am konkretul mizansa da lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis efeqtian, samarTlian da usafrTxo sapolicio zomebs Soris mkafio kavSiria. policiis valdebuleba, „Seasrulos masze dakisrebuli funqciebi miukerZoeblobisa da aradiskriminaciuli damokidebulebis principebis Sesabamisad“, kodeqsis mTel teqstSia xazgasmuli. es principi vrceldeba iseT sferoebzec, rogorebicaa: dazaralebulTa daxmareba da mxardaWera; policiis samsaxurebSi diskriminaciis akrZalvis kulturis damkvidreba da individualur uflebaTa pativiscema; adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis moTxovnaTa Sesruleba; da konvenciiT gaTvaliswinebul uflebebTan mimarTebiT diskriminaciis zogadi akrZalva.

ministrTa komitetis rekomendacia CM/Rec(2010)5 wevri saxelmwifoebisadmi seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT diskriminaciasTan brZolis Sesaxeb:46 rekomendaciaSi ganxilulia konvenciis sakvanZo muxlebi da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos ZiriTadi daskvnebi iseTi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gavlenas axdens lgbt pirTa mdgomareobaze. es moicavs lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis efeqtian gamoZiebas; Sesabamis da qmediT kanonebs, romlebic saSualebas miscems sasamarTlos, gaiTvaliswinos mikerZoebuli motivis arseboba lgbt pirTa mimarT; Sekrebisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebas, gansakuTrebiT, dacvas Sekrebis TavisuflebiT sargeblobisas. Sesabamisi muxlebi: „1. wevrma saxelmwifoebma efeqtianad, swrafad da miukerZoeblad unda gamoiZion msxverplis seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis safuZvelze Cadenili savaraudo danaSaulebi da sxva incidentebi; aseve, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcion samarTaldamcavi organoebis an sajaro uflebamosilebis farglebSi moqmedi sxva pirebis mxridan savaraudo danaSaulebis gamoZiebas, damnaSaveTa efeqtian gasamarTlebas da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, dasjas, raTa Tavidan aicilon dausjelobis sindromi. 2. wevrma saxelmwifoebma, sasjelis gansazRvrisas, seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis motivi unda gaiTvaliswinon damamZimebel garemoebad. 13. wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda miiRon Sesabamisi zomebi, raTa uzrunvelyon gamoxatvis TavisuflebiT efeqtiani sargebloba konvenciis me-10 muxlis Tanaxmad da seqsualuri orientaciisa Tu genderuli identobis niSniT diskriminaciis gareSe. aq 46. http://www.coe.int/en/web/sogi/rec-2010-5 gverdi 74 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

igulisxmeba seqsualur orientaciasa da genderul identobaze informaciis miRebisa da gavrcelebis Tavisuflebac. 14. wevrma saxelmwifoebma saerTaSoriso, erovnul da adgilobriv doneze unda miiRon Sesabamisi zomebi, raTa uzrunvelyon mSvidobiani Sekrebis TavisuflebiT sargebloba konvenciis me-11 muxlis Tanaxmad da seqsualuri orientaciisa Tu genderuli identobis niSniT diskriminaciis gareSe. 15. wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom samarTaldamcvelma organoebma: miiRon Sesabamisi zomebi lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali da transgenderi adamianebis uflebebisTvis gamarTuli mSvidobiani demonstraciis monawileTa dasacavad; aseve, aRkveTon am demonstraciis ukanono Sewyveta an Sekrebis TavisuflebiT sargeblobaSi xelis SeSla. 17. xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs yvela doneze unda mouwodon, rom sajarod dagmon (gansakuTrebiT masmediaSi) nebismieri arakanonieri Careva gamoxatvis Tavisuflebasa da mSvidobiani Sekrebis individualur/jgufur uflebaSi, miT umetes, roca saqme exeba lgbt pirTa adamianis uflebebs“.

evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleis rezolucia 1728 (2010) seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT diskriminaciis Sesaxeb:47 rezoluciaSi aRwerili da aRiarebulia lgbt pirTa mimarT diskriminaciis, maT Soris, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da siZulvilis enis gamoyenebis SemTxvevebi. igi avsebs ministrTa komitetis rekomendacias CM/Rec(2010)5 wevri saxelmwifoebisaTvis seqsualuri orientaciis an genderuli identobis safuZvelze diskriminaciasTan brZolis Sesaxeb. rezolucia evropis sabWos wevr qveynebs mouwodebs, rom „uzrunvelyon lgbt pirTa fundamenturi uflebebis, maT Soris, gamoxatvis, Sekrebisa da gaerTianebis TavisuflebaTa pativiscema adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad~; aseve, „uzrunvelyon msxverplTa xelmisawvdomoba samarTlebrivi dacvis saSualebebze da aRkveTon im pirTa dausjeloba, romlebic arRveven lgbt adamianTa fundamentur uflebebs, kerZod, sicocxlisa da usafrTxoebis uflebas“. rezolucia evropis sabWos wevr saxelmwifoebs mouwodebs: „dagmon siZulvilis enis gamoyeneba da diskriminaciuli gamonaTqvamebi da efeqtianad daicvan lgbt pirebi aseTi SemTxvevebisgan; amavdroulad, gaiTvaliswinon gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis pativiscemis valdebuleba; daicvan adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciisa da adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentuli samarTlis moTxovnebi; miiRon da danergon antidiskriminaciuli kanonmdebloba, romelic akrZalul safuZvlebs Soris moicavs seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT diskriminacias da sanqciebs gansazRvravs aseTi darRvevebisTvis“.

evropis sabWos konvencia qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb:48 es konvencia, aseve cnobili, rogorc stambolis konvencia, iTvaliswinebs iuridiulad savaldebulo valdebulebebs prevenciis, dacvis, gamoZiebisa da sasjelis dakisrebis Sesaxeb. miuxedavad imisa, rom qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Za47. http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/Xref-XML2HTML-EN.asp?fileid=17853&lang=en 48. http://www.coe.int/en/web/istanbul-convention/about-the-convention

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad ► gverdi 75

ladoba am saxelmZRvanelos farglebs scdeba, mniSvnelovania gvaxsovdes, rom lgbt pirebi SeiZleba am tipis Zaladobis msxverplnic gaxdnen. garda amisa, lgbt adamianebisadmi mizanmimarTuli Zaladobis zogierTi SemTxveva SeiZleba CaiTvalos siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulad da ojaxSi Zaladobad. trenerisTvis sasargebloa am sakiTxis Seswavla plenarul diskusiebSi da monawileebisTvis kiTxvis dasma: rogor ukavSirdeba lgbt pirTa mimarT ojaxSi Zaladoba da genderuli Zaladoba maTdami siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls. konvencia moicavs diskriminaciis akrZalvis debulebas, romlis mixedviTac, dauSvebelia diskriminacia genderuli identobis an seqsualuri orientaciis safuZvelze (damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ix. ganmartebiTi SeniSvnebi da Transgender Europe-is mier ganxorcielebuli analizi49 da Transgender Europe-is mier ganxorcielebuli analizi50).

adamianis uflebaTa sferos sxva saerTaSoriso standartebi adamianis uflebaTa sabWos mier 2016 wlis 30 ivniss miRebuli rezolucia 32/2: dacva seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT Zaladobisa da diskriminaciisgan:51 rezolucia „kategoriulad gmobs seqsualuri orientaciisa Tu genderuli identobis niSniT Zaladobriv da diskriminaciul qmedebebs msoflios yvela kuTxeSi“. am rezoluciiT, gaeros wevrma saxelmwifoebma (romlebmac rezolucias moaweres xeli) sami wlis vadiT daniSnes damoukidebeli eqsperti, raTa xeli SeewyoT seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT Zaladobisa da diskriminaciisgan dacvisaTvis. eqsperts ramdenime roli ekisreba, maT Soris: adamianis uflebaTa standartebis Sesrulebis Sefaseba; wevri qveynebisaTvis teqnikuri daxmarebis gaweva; sajaro xelisuflebasTan dialogSi CarTva; da adamianis uflebaTa sabWos winaSe angariSgeba maTi muSaobis progresze. Tu gsurT meti informaciis moZieba gaeros standartebze seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis Sesaxeb, mimarTeT SOGI UN-is monacemTa bazas.52

evropis kavSiris direqtiva 2012/29/EU danaSaulis msxverplTa uflebebis, mxardaWerisa da dacvis sferoSi minimaluri standartebis dadgenis Sesaxeb:53 direqtiva miRebulia 2012 wlis 25 oqtombers da ZalaSi Sevida 2012 wlis 15 noembers. evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs 2015 wlis 16 noembramde unda aesaxaT es debulebebi erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi. direqtiva vrceldeba danaSaulis yvela msxverplze, maT Soris, lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplebze. igi gansazRvravs evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis konkretul valdebulebebs, rom siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverpls moepyron, rogorc specialuri dacvis kategorias; aseve, uzrunvelyon, rom: am 49. http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/210 50. http://tgeu.org/protection-of-trans-people-under-the-istanbul-convention/ 51. http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/HRC/RES/32/2 52. https://www.icj.org/sogi-un-database 53. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1421925131614&uri=CELEX:32012L0029 gverdi 76 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

pirebisTvis xelmisawvdomi iyos specialuri mxardaWeris servisebi, maTi saWiroebebis Sefasebis safuZvelze; da sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sferos praqtikosebma, romlebsac, savaraudod, msxverplTan eqnebaT Sexeba (maT Soris, policielebma, prokurorebma da mosamarTleebma), saTanado momzadeba gaiaron dazaralebulebisadmi Rirseul da aradiskriminaciul mopyrobaSi. amonaridebi yvela mniSvnelovani muxlidan.

muxli 3: ufleba â&#x20AC;&#x201C; gaigos da gaagebinos 1. wevrma saxelmwifoebma saTanado zomebi unda gaataron msxverplis dasaxmareblad, raTa mas esmodes da misi esmodeT pirveli kontaqtidan dawyebuli nebismieri aucilebeli Sexebisas kompetentur organoebTan (sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis konteqstSi), maT Soris, rodesac saxelisuflebo organosgan miewodebaT informacia. 2. wevrma saxelmwifoebma msxverplTan komunikacia unda uzrunvelyon martiv da gasageb enaze, zepirad an werilobiT. aseTi komunikaciisas unda gaiTvaliswinon dazaralebulis piradi maxasiaTeblebi, maT Soris, nebismieri unarSezRuduloba, romelmac SeiZleba gavlena iqonios misi gagebis/gagebinebis unarze. 3. Tuki, danaSaulis zegavlenis gamo, msxverpls daxmareba esaWiroeba gagebis/ gagebinebis TvalsazrisiT, wevrma saxelmwifoebma neba unda darTon, rom Tanmxlebi pirebi Tavad airCion Sesabamis kompetentur organoSi pirveli kontaqtisas (garda im SemTxvevebisa, rodesac es msxverplTa interesebs ewinaaRmdegeba an saziano iqneba samarTalwarmoebis procesisTvis).

muxli 8: msxverplis ufleba mxardamWer momsaxurebaTa xelmisawvdomobaze 1. wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom msxverpls, Tavisi saWiroebebis Sesabamisad, ufasod miuwvdebodes xeli daxmarebis konfidencialur momsaxurebebze, romlebic mis interesebSi imoqmedebs sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis procesSi. msxverplis ojaxis wevrebs unda hqondeT xelmisawvdomoba mxardaWeris servisebze, maTi saWiroebebisa da msxverplis mimarT Cadenili danaSauliT miyenebuli zianis Sesabamisad. 2. wevrma saxelmwifoebma xeli unda Seuwyon msxverplTa gadamisamarTebas mxardaWeris samsaxurebSi, saCivris mimRebi kompetenturi organosa da sxva Sesabamisi uwyebebis meSveobiT. 3. wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda gaataron Sesabamisi zomebi, raTa Camoayalibon msxverplTa daxmarebis ufaso da konfidencialuri specializebuli momsaxurebebi, garda mxardaWeris zogadi momsaxurebebisa; an uzrunvelyon, rom msxverplTa mxardaWeris organizaciebs saSualeba hqondeT, mimarTon specializebul momsaxurebaTa organizaciebs specialistTa mxardaWeris misaRebad. msxverpls da misi ojaxis wevrebs xeli unda miuwvdebodeT amgvar momsaxurebebze, maTi saWiroebebisa da Cadenili sisxlis samarTlis danaSauliT miyenebuli zianis Sesabamisad. 4. msxverplTa mxardaWera da nebismieri specializebuli momsaxureba SeiZleba gaswios sajaro an arasamTavrobo organizaciam da ganisazRvros profesiul an nebayoflobiT safuZvelze.

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad â&#x2013;ş gverdi 77

5. wevr saxelmwifoTa ZalisxmeviT, msxverplTa mxardaWeris momsaxurebebze xelmisawvdomoba ar unda iyos damokidebuli kompetentur organoSi saCivris Setanaze sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT.

muxli 20: msxverplis ufleba, iyos daculi sisxlis samarTlis gamoZiebis procesSi 1. dacvis uflebis daurRvevlad da sasamarTlos Sexedulebisamebr, wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom sisxlis samarTlebrivi gamoZiebis procesSi: a) msxverpli gamoikiTxeba gaumarTlebeli dayovnebis gareSe, mas Semdeg, rac Sesabamis saCivars Seitans kompetentur organoSi; b) maqsimalurad Semcirdeba msxverplTa gamokiTxvebis raodenoba, romlebic Catardeba mxolod aucileblobisas da gamoZiebis miznebidan gamomdinare; g) msxverpls neba miecema, Tan axldes mis mier arCeuli iuridiuli warmomadgeneli, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca gonivruli dasabuTebis safuZvelze miRebulia sawinaaRmdego gadawyvetileba; d) maqsimalurad Semcirdeba samedicino gamokvlevebi, romlebic Catardeba mxolod aucileblobisas da sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis miznebidan gamomdinare.

muxli 22: msxverplTa individualuri Sefaseba maTi dacvis saWiroebaTa gamosavlenad 1. wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon, rom droulad, individualurad da erovnuli procedurebis Sesabamisad Sefasdes msxverplTa dacvis konkretuli saWiroebebi da ganisazRvros, ramdenad aucilebelia saWiro specialur RonisZiebaTa gatareba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis procesSi (23-e da 24-e muxlebis Sesabamisad), maTi konkretuli mowyvladobis, meoradi da ganmeorebiTi viqtimizaciis, daSinebisa da SurisZiebis gamo. 2. individualuri Sefasebisas gasaTvaliswinebelia: a) msxverplis piradi maxasiaTeblebi; b) danaSaulis saxe an buneba; g) danaSaulis garemoebebi. 3. individualuri Sefasebis konteqstSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces: mZime danaSaulis msxverpls, romelmac mniSvnelovani ziani ganicada; pirs, vis mimarTac danaSauli Cadenilia mikerZoebuli an diskriminaciuli motiviT, romelic SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes mis pirad maxasiaTeblebs; msxverpls, romelic gansakuTrebiT daucvelia damnaSavesTan urTierTobisa da masze damokidebulebis gamo. am TvalsazrisiT, saTanadod unda gaiTvaliswinon terorizmis, organizebuli danaSaulis, trefikingis, genderuli niSniT an axlobelTa mxridan Zaladobis, seqsualuri Zaladobis, eqspluataciis an siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplTa saWiroebebi. 4. am direqtivis miznebisTvis, miiCneva, rom msxverpl bavSvebs specifikuri dacva esaWiroebaT, radgan gansakuTrebiT mowyvladebi arian meoradi da ganmeorebiTi viqtimizaciis, daSinebisa da SurisZiebis TvalsazrisiT. imis dasadgenad, gverdi 78 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

saWiroa Tu ara da ramdenad moutans bavSv msxverpls sargebels 23-e da 24-e muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli specialuri zomebi, maT individualuri Sefaseba CautardebaT, am muxlis pirveli punqtiT dadgenil moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad. 5. individualuri Sefasebis masStabi SeiZleba moergos danaSaulis simZimesa da msxverplis mier gancdil zians. 6. individualuri Sefasebebi Catardeba msxverplis CarTulobiT da misi survilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, maT Soris, Tu ar surT sargebloba specialuri zomebiT, romlebic gaTvaliswinebulia 23-e da 24-e muxlebiT. 7. Tu mniSvnelovnad Seicvleba elementebi, romlebsac individualuri Sefaseba eyrdnoba, wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon maTi ganaxleba sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis farglebSi.

muxli 25: specialistTa treningi 1. wevrma saxelmwifoebma msxverplTan kontaqtSi myofi personalisaTvis (mag.: policiisa da sasamarTloebis TanamSromlebi) unda uzrunvelyon rogorc zogadi, ise specializebuli treningebi, am kontaqtis bunebisa da moculobis Sesabamisad. treningebis mizania cnobierebis amaRleba msxverplTa saWiroebebze da miukerZoebeli, Rirseuli da profesiuli mopyroba maT mimarT. 2. wevri saxelmwifoebi iTxoven, rom sisxlis samarTalwarmoebaSi CarTul mosamarTleTa da prokurorTa swavlebaze pasuxismgebelma pirebma Caataron rogorc zogadi, ise specializebuli treningebi msxverplTa saWiroebebze maTi cnobierebis asamaRleblad, ise, rom ziani ar miadges sasamarTlo damoukideblobas, aseve, gansxvavebebs evropis kavSiris masStabiT sasamarTloTa organizebas Soris. 3. iuridiuli profesiis damoukideblobisadmi saTanado pativiscemiT, wevri saxelmwifoebi rekomendacias iZlevian, rom advokatTa swavlebaze pasuxismgebelma pirebma Caataron rogorc zogadi, ise specializebuli treningebi msxverplTa saWiroebebze maTi cnobierebis asamaRleblad. 4. wevri saxelmwifoebi, sajaro samsaxurebis meSveobiT da msxverplTa mxardamWeri organizaciebis dafinansebiT, xels Seuwyoben iniciativebs msxverplTa daxmarebisa da aRdgeniTi marTlmsajulebis samsaxurebis treningTa Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli treningebi moergeba msxverplTan maTi kontaqtis bunebasa da masStabs, aseve, xels Seuwyobs profesiuli standartebis dacvas, raTa es momsaxurebebi miewodoT miukerZoebeli, Rirseuli da profesiuli gziT. 5. specialistTa movaleobebis Sesabamisad, aseve, msxverplTan kontaqtis bunebisa da donis gaTvaliswinebiT, treningi miznad isaxavs maT daxmarebas, rom gamoavlinon msxverpli da moepyron pativiscemiT, profesiulad da aradiskriminaciulad.

III moduli: sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad â&#x2013;ş gverdi 79

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba Sesavali da winapirobebi policiis oficerTa upirvelesi pasuxismgeblobaa danaSaulis aRkveTa, danaSaulis Cadenis SemTxvevaSi _ misi gamoZieba, da danaSaulebrivi qcevis gamovlena. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sferoSi, msxverplze fsiqologiuri zemoqmedebis54 da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli SeiZleba gamwvavdes da zegavlena iqonios mTel lgbt Temze. xelaxali da meoreuli viqtimizaciis Tavidan acileba aseve mniSvnelovani faqtoria. Tu siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli saTanadod ar aRikveTa, mas SeiZleba mohyves ufro mZime danaSauli. policiis araefeqtiani reagireba Selaxavs rwmenas misi kompetenturobis Sesaxeb da zians miayenebs mis urTierTobebs sazogadoebasTan. rogorc wina TavebSi ganvixileT, policias ekisreba pozitiuri valdebuleba, rom profesiulad da guldasmiT Seasrulos sakuTari funqciebi. es moduli 54. evrosabWo aRiarebs, rom termini „msxverpli“ miuRebelia bevri adamianisTvis, vinc siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis samizne gaxda. vaRiarebT, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi adamianebi amjobineben termins „gadarCenili“, radgan kargad asaxavs maT gamocdilebas. am saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebulia termini „msxverpli“, radgan yvelaze ukeT Seesabameba im piris iuridiul da teqnikur statuss, romelic siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis samizne gaxda da Sexeba aqvs policiasa Tu sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sferos sxva struqturebTan. winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi araerTgzis gaesva xazi, rom policiam dazaralebulze orientirebuli midgoma unda danergos: kerZod, hkiTxos mas, Tu rogor surs, mimarTon, da SeZlebisdagvarad gaiTvaliswinos misi survilebi. gverdi 80 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

miznad isaxavs policielTa aRWurvas codniT da unar-CvevebiT, raTa xeli Seewyos siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis saTanadod gamoZiebas. lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis gamoZieba rTulia: aRniSnuli gulisxmobs mtkicebulebaTa mopovebas mowyvladi msxverplisgan, romelic xSirad stresul mdgomareobaSia; aseve, iseTi informaciis gamJRavnebas, romelze saubaric dazaralebuls diskomforts uqmnis. sazogadoeba da msxverpli policiisgan swraf da profesiul reagirebas moelian. Tu policia amas Tavs ver arTmevs, sazogadoebis ndoba iryeva, TemebisTvis ki es gzavnilia, rom policia seriozulad ar ekideba siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls, an uaresic _ Tavad waaxalisebs mas. moduli iwyeba wina xazze momuSave policielebisTvis gankuTvnili savarjiSoTi, romelic daexmareba maT im nabijebis gaazrebaSi, romlebic unda gadaidgas siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis incidentze Tavdapirveli reagirebisas. aRniSnuli gulisxmobs msxverplisgan detaluri informaciis miRebas, fizikuri mtkicebulebebis Segrovebasa da danaSaulis oficialur dokumentirebas. modulis Semdegi nawili ZiriTadad miemarTeba siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebaze msxverplze orientirebuli perspeqtividan. aRniSnuli gulisxmobs dazaralebulis mxardaWeras danaSaulis adgilze, telefoniT an policiis ganyofilebaSi. modulSi ganxilulia Cvenebis CamorTmevis idealuri gza da yuradReba gamaxvilebulia msxverplis mxardaWeraze amomwuravi angariSis Sedgenis Semdeg. Semdeg detalurad aris ganxiluli transgender msxverplTa specifikuri saWiroebebi. aRniSnuli mniSvnelovania, radgan policielebs xSirad mwiri codna aqvT transgenderi pirebis da am jgufis mier gancdili viqtimizaciis maCveneblebze. Semdeg modulSi ganxilulia diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebi, aseve, mtkiÂ cebulebebi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis dasasabuTeblad. Semdeg moyvanilia praqtikuli magaliTebi, sadac monawileTa yuradReba gamaxvildeba siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamovlenisa da damtkicebisTvis aucilebel faqtorebze wina xazis policielTa perspeqtividan. da bolos, monawileebs sTxoven, gaaanalizon policiasa da adgilobriv lgbt Temebs Soris arsebuli urTierTobebi. bolo modulSi yuradReba gamaxvildeba ndobis mniSvnelobaze _ ZiriTad faqtorze, romelic mniSvnelovania rogorc angariSgebis wasaxaliseblad, aseve sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnisTvis saWiro mtkicebulebaTa mosapoveblad. Zaladobrivi incidentebi, maT Soris, romlebic evrokavSiris lgbt kvlevaSi aRweres respondentebma, rogorc wesi, danaSaulebriv qmedebebad ganixileba evrokavSirSi da, Cveulebriv, unda ecnobos policias. am sakiTxze informaciis Sesagroveblad, respondentebs dausves kiTxvebi, Seatyobines Tu ara maT an sxvebma policias bolo an yvelaze mZime siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli,

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 81

romlis msxverplnic gaxdnen. uaryofiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi, sTxovdnen mizezis miTiTebas. kvlevis Sedegebi mniSvnelovania daskvnebis gasakeTeblad, vinaidan gvaZlevs saSualebas, srulad davinaxoT suraTi da ganvsazRvroT momxdari incidentebisa da policiaSi daregistrirebuli faqtebis proporciuli wili. Sedegebi mniSvnelovania im mizezebis dasadgenad, romelTa gamoc dazaralebulebi Tavs ikaveben siZulviliT motivirebuli Zaladobis SemTxvevaTa Setyobinebisgan. situaciis sruli da moculobiTi suraTis Sesaqmnelad, respondentebs, aseve, hkiTxes, acnobes Tu ara siZulviliT motivirebuli Zaladobis seriozuli incidentebi sxva organizaciebsac (policiis garda). kvlevebma aCvena, rom bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi momxdari siZulviliT motivirebuli incidentebis mTliani raodenobis 1/5-ze naklebi (17%) gacxadda policiaSi; rac Seexeba siZulviliT motivirebul mZime danaSaulebs, mxolod 1/4-mde (22%-mde) Seatyobines am uwyebas. gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, yvela jgufSi, aseve, bolo da yvelaze mZime Zaladobrivi incidentebis SemTxvevebSi, respondentebi policias atyobineben saerTo raodenobis 1/4-ze nakleb SemTxvevaSi. „rodesac gavxdi seqsualuri Seviwroebisa da Seuracxyofis msxverpli, movaxerxe policiaSi darekva daxmarebis misaRebad. policielma daiwyo sicili da xumrobda Cems mdgomareobaze, Semdeg ki telefoni saerTod gamiTiSa. es iyo aSkara diskriminacia zogadad gei pirebis da kacis gaupatiurebis SemTxvevaTa mimarT. rogorc wesi, policia ukiduresad diskriminaciulia lgbt adamianebis mimarT“ (safrangeTi, gei kaci, 25 wlis). saerTo jamSi, Zaladobis muqaris faqtebs policias ufro iSviaTad atyobineben, vidre sakuTriv Zaladobis incidentebs (mag.: ukanasknel periodSi, Zaladobis muqaris faqtebis saerTo raodenobidan mxolod 11% dafiqsirda policiaSi maSin, roca imave saangariSo periodSi fizikuri Tavdasxmebis 29% ecnobaT samarTaldamcvelebs. rogorc mimdinare wels, aseve 5 wlis win Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverpl respondentebs Soris lesboseli da, gansakuTrebiT, biseqsuali qalebi gacilebiT naklebad mimarTaven policias, vidre gei an biseqsuali kacebi da transgenderi pirebi. es exeba siZulviliT motivirebul bolodroindel incidentebsac da yvelaze mZime SemTxvevebsac. mizezi SeiZleba iyos is, rom qali respondentebi, kacebTan SedarebiT, ufro xSirad xdebian seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverplni da, rogorc wesi, seqsualuri Zaladobis SemTxvevebs gacilebiT iSviaTad atyobineben policias, vidre fizikuri Zaladobis faqtebs. bolo xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi seqsualuri Zaladobis incidentebis mxolod 17% dafiqsirda policiaSi maSin, roca amave periodSi fizikuri Tavdasxmis faqtebis 32% gaxda cnobili samarTaldamcvelTaTvis.

gverdi 82 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

mimarTvianoba siZulviliT motivirebuli Zaladobis yvelaze mZime SemTxvevebze lgbt jgufSi (%)

mimarTvianoba siZulviliT motivirebuli Zaladobis incidentTa tipebis mixedviT (%)

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 83

l evr gb o t k l s avS es aS ir bo ua S se lo i l bi i se qa q s bi u gei li se al k qs i ac i u t al qal ra i i ns ka ge c nd i er i

suraTi 44: bolo siZulviliT motivirebuli incidenti, romelic policias Seatyobines qveynis da lgbt jgufis mixedviT (%)

kiTxva:

FA1_5: fiqrobT, rom gasuli 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi fizikuri/seqsualuri Tavdasxmis an Zaladobis bolo incidenti nawilobriv/srulad ukavSirdeba faqts, rom aRiqmebiT A3 an A4 kategoriad? diax.

FA1_11:

Tqven an sxvam SeatyobineT policias? diax.

SeniSvna: A3 an A4-Si TviTidentifikaciis kategoriebSi erTiandeba: transgenderi, transseqsuali, qali transseqsualuri warsuliT, kaci transseqsualuri warsuliT, genderuli cvalebadoba, qrosdresingi, qviari, lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali da a.S. baza:

evrokavSiris lgbt kvlevis respondentebi, romelTa mimarTac nawilobriv/srulad ganxorcielda fizikuri/seqsualuri Tavdasxma an Zaladobis muqara bolo 12 Tvis ganmavlobaSi, radgan isini lgbt Temis wevrebad aRiqmebodnen.

wyaro:

FRA, evrokavSiris lgbt kvleva, 2012.

rogorc kvlevebma aCvena, mimarTvianobis raodenoba xSirad damokidebulia dazaralebulTa sacxovrebel adgilze (mag.: did britaneTSi, belgiasa da safrangeTSi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis SetyobinebaTa ricxvi, daaxloebiT, 4-jer metia, vidre saberZneTSi). respondentebs, romlebic gaxdnen seriozuli incidentebis msxverplni, Tumca ar mimarTes samarTaldamcvelebs, hkiTxes am garemoebis mizezebi. yvelaze xSirad isini pasuxobdnen, rom policias arafris gakeTeba ar SeuZlia maT dasaxmareblad (50% _ bolodroindel SemTxvevaSi da 43% _ seriozuli Zaladobrivi incidentebisas). garda amisa, respondentTa, daaxloebiT, mesamedi miuTiTebs, rom policia gulgrilad moekida mis problemas da araferi gaakeTa reagirebis mizniT (37% _ uaxlesi, 32% _ seriozuli incidentis SemTxvevaSi). gamokiTxulTa, daaxloebiT, mesamedis miTiTebiT, incidenti ar gaxldaT imdenad seriozuli, rom policia Careuliyo. Sesabamisad, aravisTvis miumarTavT (38% _ axali incidentis, 30% _ seriozuli incidentis SemTxvevaSi). respondentTa mesamedi ambobs, rom maTi arCevani (ar miemarTa samarTaldamcavi organoebisTvis) ganapiroba policiis mxridan transfobiuri an homofobiuri damokidebulebis SiSma.

gverdi 84 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

cxrili 6: siZulviliT motivirebuli Zaladobis incidentTa policiisTvis Seutyobineblobis mizezebi bolo (%)

yvelaze mZime (%)

ar vfiqrob, rom isini rames gaakeTebdnen

Zalian umniSvneloa/ar aris sakmarisad seriozuli/arasdros gadamxdenia

ar mifiqria, rom maT ramis gakeTeba SeeZloT

policiis mxridan homofobiuri an/ da transfobiuri damokidebulebis SiSi

sircxvili, uxerxuloba, ar mindoda, vinmes gaego

damnaSavis SiSi, sayveduris SiSi

TviTon gavumklavdi/megobars vuTxari/ojaxis saqme iyo

emociurad Zalian daTrgunvili viyavi, policiisTvis rom mimemarTa

ar daijerebdnen

ar mindoda, damnaSave daekavebinaT, an mas policiasTan hqonoda rame problema

megona, Cemi brali iyo

SemaCeres da motivacia ar mqonda

sxvagan wavedi dasaxmareblad

pirdapir mosamarTlesTan mivedi incidentis SetyobinebisTvis

sxva mizezi

kiTxva: FA1_12: ratom ar Seatyobine policias? baza:

evrokavSiris lgbt kvlevis respondentebi, romelTa mimarTac nawilobriv/srulad ganxorcielda fizikuri/seqsualuri Tavdasxma an Zaladobis muqara gasuli 12 Tvis (bolo incidenti) an 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi (yvelaze mZime SemTxveva), radgan lgbt Temis wevrebad aRiqmebodnen.

wyaro: FRA, evrokavSiris lgbt kvleva, 2012

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 85

swavlebis Sedegebi Sedegad, monawileebi SeZleben:  lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulTa gamoZiebis kargi praqtikis identificirebas (rogorc policiis gamoZiebis teqnikuri perspeqtividan, aseve dazaralebulze orientirebuli kuTxiT);  transgenderi Temis winaSe arsebuli konkretuli gamowvevebis ukeT gagebas; gaazrebas, Tu rogor SeiZleba yvelaze efeqtianad danaSaulis msxverpl transgender pirTa mxardaWera policiis perspeqtividan;  diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorTa identificirebas; siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis warmatebuli gamoZiebisa da devnisTvis saWiro mikerZoebuli motivis mtkicebulebaTa ukeT mopovebas;  siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis identificirebas;  proaqtiuli policiuri saqmianobis rolis gaazrebas ndobis mopovebis konteqstSi, rac efeqtiani sapolicio zomebis gatarebis mniSvnelovani komponentia.

aqtivobebisa da maTTvis gankuTvnili drois mimoxilva  aqtivoba 4.1: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi lgbt pirTa mimarT _ moqmedebebi SemTxvevis adgilze da Semdgomi gamoZieba (30 wuTi).  aqtivoba 4.2: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi lgbt pirTa mimarT _ msxverplze orientirebuli midgoma (30 wuTi).  aqtivoba 4.3: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi lgbt pirTa mimarT _ transgenderTa specifika (60 wuTi).  aqtivoba 4.4: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebi _ diskriminaciuli damokidebulebis/motivis damtkiceba (30 wuTi).  aqtivoba 4.5: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebi _ lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis gamovlena (30 wuTi).  aqtivoba 4.6(a): ndobis mniSvneloba: policiis mxridan reagireba da lgbt Temebi (30 wuTi).

gverdi 86 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

aqtivoba 4.1: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi lgbt pirebis mimarT — SemTxvevis adgilze gansaxorcielebeli moqmedebebi da Semdgomi gamoZieba es aqtivoba moicavs wakiTxvas, mcire jgufebSi ganxilvas da plenarul sesiaze diskusias fasilitatoris daxmarebiT. saWiro masalebi: flipCartis qaRaldi, kalmistrebi; dasarigebeli masalebi; oTaxebi jgufebSi muSaobisTvis an sivrce treningis oTaxSi; dasarigebeli masala 4.1(a) da 4.1(b). 1. moamzadeT flipCartis furclebi da daasaTaureT ase:

 pirveli furceli: „zepiri informaciis miReba: zepiri informacia msxverplisa da TviTmxilvelebisgan“.  meore furceli: „ra mtkicebulebebi unda SeagrovoT: biologiuri kvali da nivTieri mtki cebulebebi Semdgomi saeqsperto kvlevisTvis“.  mesame furceli: „gamomZieblis moqmedebebi policiis ganyofilebaSi“.  meoTxe furceli: „Semdgomi gamoZieba: yvela mimarTulebis/versiis Seswavla“. 2. dayaviT monawileebi oTx jgufad. darwmundiT, rom adamianebi, romlebic erTad muSaoben, sxvadasxva jgufSi aRmoCndnen (Tu SesaZlebelia, jgufebSi daicaviT saTanado genderuli Tanafardoba). 3. miawodeT monawileebs dasarigebeli masala 4.1(a) da sTxoveT, daicvan miTiTebebi. mieciT jgufs 10-15 wuTi scenaris gasacnobad da zemoT miTiTebuli saxelwodebebis mixedviT ganixileT yvela sakiTxi, romlebic policielma unda Seiswavlos danaSaulis gamoZiebisas. jgufis erT-erTma wevrma CainiSnos gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi. 4. mcire jgufebi gaaerTianeT ufro did jgufad. sTxoveT TiToeuli jgufis mier arCeul warmomadgenels im sakvanZo sakiTxebis wardgena, romlebic jgufma gamoavlina. Semdeg hkiTxeT yvela monawiles, xom ar surs ramis damateba. 5. rodesac am sakiTxebs gaivliT, miuTiTeT kargi praqtikis saxelmZRvanelos 4.1(b) masala; xazi gausviT sakvanZo aspeqtebs da yvela gamotovebul sakiTxs.

dasarigebeli masala 4.1(a): mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: lgbt pirTa mimarT Cadenili siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi _ SemTxvevis adgilze gansaxorcielebeli moqmedebebi da Semdgomi gamoZieba. es aqtivoba moicavs wakiTxvas, mcire jgufebSi ganxilvas da plenarul sesiaze diskusias fasilitatoris daxmarebiT.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 87

 romelime monawiles unda daevalos jgufisTvis scenaris wakiTxva;  erT monawiles unda daevalos Canawerebis warmoeba. scenari: Tavdasxma qalaqis centrSi: ori lesboseli qali tovebs lgbt pirTa TavSeyris adgils qalaqis centrSi. am adgilidan 100 metris moSorebiT, qalebs Tavs daesxmeba kacebis jgufi (ramdenime maTgani _ joxiT). orive qali mZimed nacemia rogorc joxebiT, ise wixlebiTa da muStebiT. damnaSaveebi Seuracxmyofeli homofobiuri SeZaxilebiT mimarTaven qalebs Tavdasxmisas. gamvleli urekavs policias da Tqven danaSaulis adgilas midixarT. zemoT moyvanili scenaris wakiTxvis Semdeg, gaecaniT qvemoT mocemul davalebas, romelic Tqvens jgufs Sexvda. ganixileT ideebi 10-15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi da CainiSneT mosazrebebi, romlebic dagexmarebaT plenarul sesiaze prezentaciis gakeTebaSi. I jgufi _ davaleba: zepiri informaciis miReba: msxverplisa da TviTmxilvelebisgan. romeli ZiriTadi aspeqtebi unda gaiTvaliswinoT, rodesac danaSaulis adgilas msxverplisa da mowmeebisgan iRebT informacias detalebis Sesaxeb? II jgufi _ davaleba: mtkicebulebebi, romlebic unda SeagrovoT: biologiuri kvali da nivTieri mtkicebulebebi Semdgomi saeqsperto kvlevisTvis. ra ZiriTadi sirTuleebi ukavSirdeba am process? romeli mniSvnelovani faqtorebi unda gaiTvaliswinoT maTi Segrovebisas? III jgufi _ davaleba: oficris moqmedebebi policiis ganyofilebaSi. ra ZiriTadi aspeqtebi unda gaiTvaliswinos policielma, rodesac policiis ganyofilebaSi dabrundeba? ris gakeTebas moiTxovs policiis uwyeba policielisgan da ratom? IV jgufi _ davaleba: Semdgomi gamoZieba: yvela mimarTulebis/versiis Seswavla. aRwereT gamoZiebis procesi, romelic mohyveba pirvelad Sexebas SesaZlo danaSaulTan da SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebis oqmis Sedgenas. ra sagamoZiebo da saproceso moqmedebebis Catareba SegiZliaT sawyis etapze, rodesac savaraudo damnaSave ucnobia?

gverdi 88 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

dasarigebeli masala 4.1(b): lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba: SemTxvevis adgilze misvla, nivTieri mtkicebulebebis Segroveba, mowmeTa gamokiTxva, mtkicebulebaTa Semdgomi analizi danaSaulis adgilze Tavdapirveli moqmedebebi uaRresad mniSvnelovania warmatebuli gamoZiebisTvis. Tu ar gamokiTxaven/dakiTxaven pirebs da Catarebul sagamoZiebo an saproceso moqmedebebs ar aRbeWdaven Sesabamis oqmebSi, sisxlis samarTlis gamoZieba SeiZleba warumatebeli aRmoCndes. lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania policiis pirveli kontaqti msxverplTan an/da mowmeebTan: am moqmedebebis Sedegad, SeiZleba, moipovon an gaumJRavnebeli darCes sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani informacia, rasac, aseve, mivyavarT piris warmatebul/warumatebel sisxlis samarTlebriv devnamde mZime danaSaulisTvis. mowodebuli masalebi Seicavs saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs policiis TanamSromelTa moqmedebebze danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgilas (kerZod: mowmeTa Cvenebebis aRebasa da nivTieri Tu biologiuri mtkicebulebebis Segrovebaze). Semdeg ganxilulia danaSaulis Setyobineba policiisaTvis (samarTaldamcavi struqturis oficialuri arxebis meSveobiT), aseve, Semdgom gamoZiebasTan dakavSirebuli rekomendaciebi.

SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod: qvemoT mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo principebi ar aris amomwuravi. am sakiTxis siRrmiseul ganxilvamde saWiroa adgilobrivi saukeTeso praqtikisa da regulaciebis Seswavla. A) zepiri informaciis miReba: msxverplis, mowmisa da im piris gamokiTxva,

romlis SesaZlo danaSaulis Cadenazec mimdinareobs gamoZieba. romeli ZiriTadi aspeqtebi unda gaiTvaliswinoT, rodesac danaSaulis adgilas msxverplisa da mowmeebisgan iRebT informacias detalebis Sesaxeb? B) mtkicebulebebi, romlebic unda SeagrovoT: biologiuri kvali da nivTieri

mtkicebulebebi Semdgomi saeqsperto kvlevisTvis. romeli mniSvnelovani faqtorebi unda gaiTvaliswinoT SemTxvevis adgilze mtki cebulebaTa Segrovebisas? C) oficris moqmedebebi policiis ganyofilebaSi.

ra ZiriTadi aspeqtebi unda gaiTvaliswinos policielma, rodesac policiis ganyofilebaSi dabrundeba? ris gakeTebas moiTxovs policiis uwyeba policielisgan da ratom? D) Semdgomi gamoZieba: yvela mimarTulebis Seswavla.

aRwereT gamoZiebis procesi, romelic mohyveba danaSaulTan pirvel Sexebasa da SemTxvevis adgilis daTvalierebis oqmis Sedgenas. ra sagamoZiebo da saproceso moqmedebebis Catareba SegiZliaT sawyis etapze, rodesac savaraudo damnaSave ucnobia?

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 89

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danaSaulis adgilas zepiri informaciebis miReba mowmeebisa da msxverplisgan ZiriTadi sakiTxebi, romlebic gasaTvaliswinebelia danaSaulis adgilas msxver plisa da mowmeebisgan informaciis mopovebisas. miuxedavad imisa, rom danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgilze gakeTebuli SeniSvnebi mxolod pirveladi Canawerebia, isini SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad daexmaros gamomZiebels saqmis swori mimarTulebiT warmarTvaSi, aseve, SesaZlo mtkicebulebaTa mosaZiebeli adgilebisa da TviTmxilvelTa wris gansazRvraSi. Sesabamisad, Canawerebis gamoyeneba SeiZleba Semdgomi gamoZiebis dagegmvis procesSic. amdenad, uaRresad mniSvnelovania informaciis maqsimalurad detalurad dokumentireba. saqmis masalebi, mowmeTa gamokiTxvis oqmebi da sxva informacia sakmarisad detaluri unda iyos, raTa, Tu is SemdgomSi gadaecema siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebze specializebul gamomZiebels, man SeZlos saqmis efeqtianad warmarTva.

 Tu mowmem an dazaralebulma ar icis qarTuli ena, policiis oficerma unda gamoiZaxos Tarjimani, raTa xeli ar SeeSalos mtkicebulebaTa saproceso normebis dacviT mopovebas.  policielma unda gamoiyenos Ria da inkluziuri ena, magaliTad: _ rogor girCevniaT, mogmarToT (xSirad transgender adamianebs dokumentebSi saxeli ar aqvT Secvlili da urCevniaT, sapirispiro sqesis saxeliT mimarTon)? _ gyavT partniori? (nacvlad kiTxvisa „daqorwinebuli xarT?“) _ sasiyvarulo urTierToba gaqvT? (nacvlad kiTxvisa „gyavT megobari qali/kaci?“)  msxverpls unda hqondes saSualeba, sakuTari sityvebiT ganmartos momxdari, risTvisac sakmarisi dro unda misceT. msxverplisadmi moTminebis gamoCenam SeiZleba sakvanZo mtkicebulebaTa mopovebis saSualeba mogceT, rac, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba ver miiRoT.  Tu msxverpli mZime tanjvas ganicdis an seriozuladaa daSavebuli, detaluri gamokiTxva unda gadaidos manamde, sanam is ukeT igrZnobs Tavs sasaubrod (saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, unda daexmaroT saTanado mkurnalobis miRebaSi).  msxverplma unda isaubros sakuTari sityvebiT da ara policiis eniT. Tu raRac informacia bundovania, SeiZleba damatebiTi ganmartebebis moTxovna.  savaraudo damnaSavis mier mowmeebisTvis naTqvami nebismieri informacia sityvasityviT unda iyos dokumentirebuli.  Tu savaraudo damnaSave danaSaulis adgilzea da arsebobs misi dakavebis safuZveli, damkavebeli piri valdebulia, dakavebuls gasagebi formiT Seatyobinos es, ganumartos, ra edeba bralad da acnobos, rom aqvs advokatis yolis, dumilisa da kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisgan Tavis Sekavebis ufleba, aseve, ufleba, ar daibralos danaSauli da rom yvelaferi, rasac igi ityvis, SesaZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg iqnas gamoyenebuli sasamarTlogverdi 90 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

Si. dauSvebelia im gancxadebebis gamoyeneba mtkicebulebad, romlebic dakavebulma aRniSnuli ganmartebis gacnobamde gaakeTa. misi nebismieri gancxadeba ganmartebis Semdgom unda aisaxos dakavebis oqmSi.

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danaSaulis adgilas biologiuri kvalisa da nivTieri mtkicebulebebis Segroveba lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgilze biologiuri da nivTieri mtkicebulebebis SegrovebasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi amocanebi. SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod: qvemoT moyvanili CamonaTvali ar aris amomwuravi da gasaTvaliswinebelia adgilobriv eqspertTa mosazrebebi da saxelmZRvanelo direqtivebi.

 saTanadod daicaviT danaSaulis adgili, ganaTavseT policiis kordoni rogorc danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgilas, aseve im teritoriebze, sadac savaraudo damnaSaveebi SeiZleba imyofebodnen an gaiqcnen.  daafiqsireT, amoiReT, daluqeT da Sesabamisi wesiT SeinaxeT nebismieri mtkicebuleba, gadaiReT yvela Sesabamisi teritoriis da nimuSis/mtkicebulebis fotoebi. ganixileT videoebis gadaRebis SesaZlebloba, Tu amis resursi xelmisawvdomi da misaRebia. SeagroveT Seuwynareblobis motivis damadasturebeli nivTieri mtkicebulebebi (mag.: homofobiuri grafitis fotos gadaReba).  SeinaxeT danaSaulis nebismieri kvalis mtkicebulebebi, romlebic arsebobs msxverplze; gaxsovdeT, rom yvela kontaqti tovebs kvals da damnaSavis mamxilebeli mtkicebuleba SeiZleba iyos msxverplis kansa da tansacmelze (sisxli, nerwyvi, tansacmlis boWkoebi, Tma, dnm da a.S.).  Tu misaRebia, aiReT nacxis nimuSi da amoiReT msxverplis tansacmeli, mas Semdeg, rac mas sxva tansacmels miawodebT.  gadaiReT msxverplis dazianebaTa fotoebi (Tu SesaZlebelia, misgan Tanxmobis miRebis Semdeg). SesaZloa, fotoebis gadaRebam garkveuli periodis gasvlis Semdeg mogiwioT, rodesac sisxlnaJRenTebi ufro xiluli gaxdeba.  danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgilas gamoiZaxeT Sesabamisi eqspert-kriminalistebi an/da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertebi.  SeagroveT yvela fizikuri mtkicebuleba adgilobrivi regulaciebisa da saukeTeso praqtikis Sesabamisad.  SeecadeT danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgilas dnm-is Semcveli mtkicebulebebis mopovebas. dnm-is wyaroebi SeiZleba iyos iaraRi/instrumentebi/sagnebi, romlebsac SeiZleba Seexnen (mag.: Wiqa, saidanac dalies); aseve, sisxli, nerwyvi, Tma an sxeulis sxva siTxeebi. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, savaraudo damnaSavis dnm-is kvali SeiZleba iyos msxverplis sxeulze.  Tu incidentze Setyobineba telefoniT Semodis, urCieT msxverpls/mowmes, maqsimalurad Seikavos Tavi nebismier mtkicebulebasTan kontaqtisa da Sexebisgan; aseve, SeZlebisdagvarad daicvas SemTxvevis adgili gareSe pirTa zemoqmedebisgan.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 91

 mimarTeT daxmarebisTvis gamomZiebels, romelsac saTanado momzadeba aqvs gavlili.  Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi safuZvlis SemTxvevaSi, SeagroveT uSualod danaSaulis adgilas da mimdebare teritoriebze arsebuli obieqtebis gare perimetrze damontaJebuli sameTvalyureo kamerebis Canawerebi; gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcieT danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgilamde misasvlel gzebs.  savaraudo damnaSavis identificirebisa da dakavebis SemTxvevaSi, amoiReT tansacmeli da fexsacmelebi, romelzec SeiZleba danaSaulis kvali iyos darCenili; aseve, aiReT dnm-is nimuSi da TiTis anabeWdebi; gadaiReT fotoebi (mag.: tatuirebis suraTebi, romlebic SeiZleba miuTiTebdes romelime jgufis wevrobaze).  daniSneT sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertiza da gamosakvlevi pirebi waradgineT Sesabamis sasamarTlo eqspertizis biuroSi. msxverplisgan moipoveT werilobiTi Tanxmoba samedicino dawesebulebebidan samedicino Semowmebis daskvnebis gamoTxovaze (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi).  ivaraudeT, rom saqme sasamarTlos waredgineba gansaxilvelad da yvela mtkicebuleba Sesabamisi wesiT daamagreT saqmeze.

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oficris moqmedebebi policiis ganyofilebaSi

 Sesabamisi bazebiT gamoikvlieT, savaraudo damnaSaves aqamde xom ar Caudenia msgavsi tipis danaSauli.  SeiswavleT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze policiis erTian eleqtronul bazebSi arsebuli Canawerebi, raTa gamoavlinoT viqtimizaciis tendencia.  SeiswavleT policiis erTian eleqtronul bazebSi arsebuli Canawerebi, raTa daadginoT, msxverplis mimarT manamdec xom ar moxda msgavsi danaSauli. aRniSnuli mniSvnelovania SesaZlo xelaxali viqtimizaciis identificirebisTvis.  SeatyobineT incidentis Sesaxeb Sesabamis xelmZRvanel pirs adgilobrivi politikis/wesebis Sesabamisad.  Tu incidentis gamoZieba sxva gamomZiebels/ganyofilebas daevaleba, miawodeT informacia, rom es SeiZleba iyos siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli.  saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, incidentze informacia miawodeT Sesabamis menejers/policiis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebze pasuxismgebel pirs.  Tu gamovlindeba siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis ganmeorebiT Cadenis tendencia, SeatyobineT amis Sesaxeb Sesabamis pirs, raTa saTanado reagireba/Careva daigegmos.  saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, msxverplisTvis/mowmisTvis/braldebulisaTvis uzrunvelyaviT Tarjimani.  dagegmeT mtkicebulebaTa gadacema sxva gamomZieblisTvis/sagamoZiebo jgufisTvis. gverdi 92 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

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Semdgomi gamoZieba: yvela mimarTulebis/versiis Seswavla.

pirveladi sagamoZiebo da saproceso moqmedebebis Semdeg, xSir SemTxvevaSi, saWiroa ufro siRrmiseuli gamoZiebis Catareba, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac savaraudo damnaSave(ebi) ar arian dadgenilni. qvemoT moyvanili sagamoZiebo praqtika ar aris amomwuravi da unda gafarTovdes adgilobrivi praqtikis/ procedurebis gaTvaliswinebiT. policiis oficerTa keTilsindisieri Zalisxmeva, romelic miemarTeba damnaSaveTa identificirebisken siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi, umciresobaTa Temebis ndobis ganmtkicebis winapirobaa. rodesac policiisadmi ndoba dabalia, lgbt mowmeebi SeiZleba policielTan saubrisas komfortulad ar grZnobdnen Tavs. aseT dros saWiroa damatebiTi Zalisxmevis gamoCena mowmeTa wasaxaliseblad, raTa policias maT xelT arsebuli informacia gaumJRavnon. policiis oficrebma:  mediis, socialuri mediis da sxva arxebis meSveobiT unda sTxovon mowmeebs informaciis gaziareba;

 gamoavlinon sxva adgilebSi/ubnebSi momxdari msgavsi incidentebi;  moZebnon mowmeebi, romlebic SeiZleba regularulad dadiodnen konkretul adgilebSi/danaSaulis adgilas (fostis an dasufTavebis samsaxuris TanamSromlebi, avtobusebis mgzavrebi, romlebic Sesabamisi marSrutebiT gadaadgildebian). SeiZleba daxmareba SeZlon adgilobrivi policiis TanamSromlebmac;  sTxovon gamocdil oficers Sekrebil mtkicebulebebTan gacnoba, raTa gamoavlinon gamoZiebis axali mimarTulebebi;  gamoiTxovon da Seiswavlon sagangebo situaciebis marTvis centrSi (112) dafiqsirebuli satelefono zarebis Canawerebi incidentis Sesaxeb;  saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, CarTon saqmeSi sasamarTlo-samedicino eqsperti;  Sesabamis teritoriaze Caataron kardakar gamokiTxva;  Sesabamisi safuZvlis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi: _ Seiswavlon sameTvalyureo kamerebis Canawerebi; _ danaSaulebis aRricxvis eleqtronul sistemaSi moiZion da Seiswavlon msgavsi saqmeebi; moipovon da Seafason operatiuli informacia sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebs Soris kavSirebis dasadgenad; _ gamoiTxovon informacia mobiluri kavSirgabmulobis arxebidan da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Seiswavlon satelefono mtkicebulebebi; _ Tu saWiroa, gamoiyenon specializebuli erTeulebis daxmareba; _ moiTxovon msgavsi specifikis danaSaulebze gamoZiebis mwarmoebeli specializebuli danayofis daxmareba (Tu aseTi arsebobs).

 moiZion informacia im adgilebis usafrTxoebis samsaxuris TanamSromlebisgan, sadac lgbt pirebi dadian. aRniSnuli SeiZleba daexmaros gamoZiebas: adamianebi SeiZleba TemebSi saubrobdnen iseT sakiTxebze, romlebzec policias ar daelaparakebian. zogjer SesaZloa „rbili“ dazvervac

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 93

sasargeblo iyos, operatiul-samZebro RonisZiebebis saxiT. maT Sorisaa pirebis operatiuli gamokiTxva da cnobebis Segroveba;

 daxmarebisTvis da saWiro informaciis mosaZieblad, mimarTon lgbt samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs;  gamoiyenon veb-gverdebze arsebuli mesame mxaris informacia (sadac es xelmisawvdomia).

aqtivoba 4.2: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi lgbt pirTa mimarT — msxverplze orientirebuli midgoma (30 wuTi) aRniSnuli aqtivoba moicavs wakiTxvas, mcire jgufebSi ganxilvasa da plenarul sesiaze diskusias fasilitatoris daxmarebiT. saWiro masalebi: flipCartis qaRaldi, kalmistrebi; oTaxebi jgufebSi muSaobisTvis an sivrce treningis oTaxSi; dasarigebeli masala 4.2(a) da 4.2(b). 1. moamzadeT flipCartis sami furceli da daasaTaureT ase:  pirveli furceli: „sawyisi angariSi: msxverplis mxardaWera danaSaulis adgilas/telefoniT/policiis ganyofilebaSi“.

 meore furceli: „msxverplisgan detaluri informaciis miReba (gamokiTxva)“.  mesame furceli: „mxardaWera da riskebis Semcireba“. 2. dayaviT monawileebi sam jgufad. darwmundiT, rom adamianebi, romlebic erTad muSaoben, sxvadasxva jgufSi aRmoCndnen (Tu SesaZlebelia, daicaviT saTanado genderuli Tanafardoba). 3. miawodeT monawileebs dasarigebeli masala 4.2(a) da sTxoveT, daicvan miTiTebebi. mieciT jgufs 10-15 wuTi ideebis gamosavlenad. jgufis erTma wevrma unda Caiweros es mosazrebebi. 4. mcire jgufebi gaaerTianeT ufro did jgufad. sTxoveT TiToeuli jgufis mier arCeul warmomadgenels im sakvanZo sakiTxebis wardgena, romlebic jgufma gamoavlina. Semdeg hkiTxeT yvela monawiles, xom ar surT ramis damateba. 5. sakiTxebis ganxilvisas, miuTiTeT kargi praqtikis saxelmZRvanelos 4.2(b) masala da gaamaxvileT yuradReba sakvanZo sakiTxebsa da im aspeqtebze, romlebic SeiZleba maT gamorCaT.

gverdi 94 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

dasarigebeli masala 4.2(a): lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba: msxverplze orientirebuli midgoma (30 wuTi) erT monawiles unda daevalos Canawerebis gakeTeba. am savarjiSosTvis SesaZlebelia 4.1-is farglebSi gamoyenebuli scenariT sargebloba. scenari: Tavdasxma qalaqis centrSi: ori lesboseli qali tovebs lgbt pirTa TavSeyris adgils qalaqis centrSi. am adgilidan 100 metris moSorebiT, qalebs Tavs daesxmeba kacebis jgufi (ramdenime maTgani _ joxiT). orive qali mZimed nacemia, rogorc joxebiT, ise wixlebiTa da muStebiT. damnaSaveebi Seuracxmyofeli homofobiuri SeZaxilebiT mimarTaven qalebs Tavdasxmisas. gamvleli urekavs policias da Tqven danaSaulis adgilas midixarT. zemoT moyvanili scenaris wakiTxvis Semdeg gaecaniT davalebas, romelic Tqvens jgufs Sexvda (ideebi ganixileT 10-15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi): I jgufi _ davaleba: Tavdapirveli reagireba: msxverplis mxardaWera danaSaulis adgilze, rodesac Setyobineba telefoniT Sedis; an policiis ganyofilebaSi, sadac lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli gacxaddeba. ra unda gaiTvaliswinos policiam? II jgufi _ davaleba: oficialuri gamokiTxva: sarwmuno mtkicebulebebis Segroveba da dazaralebulis mxardaWera misgan detaluri Cvenebis aRebisas. ra unda gaiTvaliswinos policiam? III jgufi _ davaleba: Tavdapirveli mtkicebulebebis Sekrebis Semdeg: msxverplisTvis informaciis regularulad miwodeba da misi mxardaWera. xelaxali da meoreuli viqtimizaciis riskis Semcireba. ra unda gaiTvaliswinos policiam?

dasarigebeli masala 4.2(b): lgbt pirebis mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba: msxverplze orientirebuli midgoma ra ZiriTadi mosazrebebi unda gaiTvaliswinos policiam: msxverplis mxardaWerisas danaSaulis adgilas, mowmeebisgan detaluri Cvenebis aRebisas da zogadad muSaobisas? winamdebare masalaSi asaxulia saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi Semdegi sami mimarTulebiT: A) msxverplTa mxardaWera sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebis sawyis etapebze.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 95

B) msxverplisgan/mowmisgan detaluri Cvenebis aReba da mtkicebulebaTa Se-

grovebisTvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmna. C) msxverplis uwyveti mxardaWera da riskebis Semcireba.

gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom aRniSnuli rekomendaciebi ar aris amomwuravi da unda moergos adgilobriv kanonmdeblobas, politikasa da procedurebs.



msxverplTa mxardaWera sisxlis samarTlis gamoZiebis sawyis etapebze msxverplTan policiis pirveli kontaqtis dros Seqmnili STabeWdileba gavlenas axdens imaze, Tu ra mosazrebebi da molodinebi uyalibdebaT maT policiasTan dakavSirebiT. cudi dasawyisis Sedegad SeiZleba daikargos mowmis TanamSromlobis Sansi. qvemoT Sejamebulia ZiriTadi aspeqtebi, romlebic gasaTvaliswinebelia gamoZiebis sawyis etapze.

danaSaulis adgilas  saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, samedicino daxmarebis gaweva, rogorc pirveli prioriteti.  msxverplis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa; misi moSoreba danaSaulis adgilidan, Tuki safrTxe emuqreba.  travmis minimumade Sesamcireblad, msxverpli erTma policielma unda gamokiTxos; Tu saWiroa, gamokiTxvas SeiZleba eswrebodes meore oficeric, magram, idealur SemTxvevaSi, man ar unda dasvas kiTxvebi.  msxverplis darwmuneba, rom rac moxda, misi brali ar aris.  policielma unda gamoiyenos Ria da inkluziuri ena, romelic iTvaliswinebs Temis Taviseburebebs. magaliTad: _ gyavT partniori? (nacvlad kiTxvisa: „daqorwinebuli xarT?“) _ sasiyvarulo urTierToba gaqvT? (nacvlad kiTxvisa: „gyavT megobari qali/kaci?“)  gamoiCineT moTmineba da mieciT msxverpls saSualeba, gamoxatos Tavisi grZnobebi.  daicaviT msxverplis vinaoba arasaWiro gamJRavnebisgan. SeatyobineT msxverpls, rom policia maqsimalurad daicavs konfidencialurobas (kanonis SesaZleblobebis farglebSi).  SeatyobineT msxverpls, rom informacia am incidentis Sesaxeb SeiZleba sajaro gaxdes/mediiT gaSuqdes. darwmundiT, rom es informacia marTebuli gziT gadaeciT: kerZod, msxverpli ar CaTvlis, rom policias ar surs am sakiTxis gamoZieba.  gadaamisamarTeT msxverpli mowmisa da dazaralebulis koordinatoris samsaxurSi (misi TanxmobiT). mxardaWeris momsaxurebis detalebi unda gaacnoT zepirad da werilobiT. gverdi 96 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

 msxverpls, Tu amis survils gamoTqvams, unda miewodos informacia gamoZiebis mimdinareobaze (gamomZieblis an saqmis sakontaqto piris meSveobiT). unda ganixilebodes meore sakontaqto piris daniSvnis mizanSewoniloba, Tu pirveli piri xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi ar iqneba xelmisawvdomi.  hkiTxeT msxverpls, hyavs Tu ara megobari/partniori, romelTan dakavSirebac surs mxardaWerisTvis.  awarmoeT Canawerebi msxverplis emociur mdgomareobaze (mag.: isini SokSi arian?).  zemoT moyvanil informaciaze dayrdnobiT, SeafaseT dauyovnebeli riski, romlis winaSec dazaralebuli an misi partniori/ojaxis wevrebi arian. amasTanave, daadgineT: miuRia Tu ara msxverpls raime muqara; moxda Tu ara msgavsi incidentebi warsulSi; da xom ar Caudenia savaraudo damnaSaves (Tu igi cnobilia) msgavsi danaSauli adre. Sefasebaze dayrdnobiT, dauyovnebliv miiReT zomebi Sesabamisi dacvisaTvis (riskis detaluri Sefasebis magaliTis gasacnobad, ix. hempSiris policiis mier SemuSavebuli siZulvilis incidentis Sefasebis modeli55). Setyobinebis miReba telefoniT  daadgineT, xom ar aris saWiro samedicino daxmareba da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, gamoiZaxeT saswrafo daxmareba.  dasviT kiTxvebi imis dasadgenad, usafrTxod aris Tu ara msxverpli danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgilas; urCieT, datovos danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgili, Tu safrTxe emuqreba da amis SesaZlebloba aqvs.  Tu msxverpli safrTxeSia da ver tovebs danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgils, miavlineT gadaudebel situaciebze reagirebis oficrebi.  gamoiCineT moTmineba da mieciT msxverpls saSualeba, ganmartos momxdari; CainiSneT rac SeiZleba meti detali.  msxverpls unda miewodos informacia oficialuri gancxadebis wardgenaze; aseve, detalurad ganemartos, Tu vis rodis da sad unda daukavSirdes. unda gatardes zomebi, raTa msxverpls, adgilobrivi policiis politikis Sesabamisad, daukavSirdes gamomZiebeli.  gadaamisamarTeT msxverpli dazaralebulTa daxmarebis adgilobriv samsaxurSi (misi TanxmobiT). mxardaWeris momsaxurebis detalebi unda gaacnoT zepirad da werilobiT.  gaakeTeT Canawerebi msxverplis emociuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb (mag.: is SokSia?).  SeafaseT msxverplis riskebi da dauyovnebliv miiReT misi dacvisTvis saWiro zomebi (riskis Sefasebis Sesaxeb ix. zemoT). 55. http://www.hampshire.police.uk/internet/asset/de7ad9c0-8783-4cae-9cb9-2bc004ab0eaI/hc-002299-15.%20 additional%20information.pdf

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 97

Tu msxverpli policiis ganyofilebaSi gamocxaddeba  saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, daukavSirdiT samedicino daxmarebas.  travmis minimumamde Sesamcireblad, msxverpli erTma policielma unda gamokiTxos. Tu saWiroa, gamokiTxvas SeiZleba eswrebodes meore oficeric, magram idealur SemTxvevaSi, man ar unda dasvas kiTxvebi.  daarwmuneT msxverpli, rom rac moxda, misi brali ar aris.  pirvel detalebze msxverpli gamokiTxeT calke oTaxSi da ara sajarod, policiis misaReb ganyofilebaSi.  policielma unda gamoiyenos Ria da inkluziuri ena, magaliTad: _ gyavT partniori? (nacvlad kiTxvisa „daqorwinebuli xarT?“); _ sasiyvarulo urTierToba gaqvT? (nacvlad kiTxvisa: „gyavT megobari qali/kaci?“).  daicaviT msxverplis vinaoba arasaWiro gamJRavnebisgan. SeatyobineT msxverpls, rom policia maqsimalurad daicavs konfidencialurobas (kanonis SesaZleblobebis farglebSi).  msxverpls, Tu survils gamoTqvams, unda miewodos informacia gamoZiebis mimdinareobaze (gamomZieblis an saqmis sakontaqto piris meSveobiT). unda ganixilebodes meore sakontaqto piris daniSvnis mizanSewonilobac, Tu pirveli piri xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi ar iqneba xelmisawvdomi.  gadaamisamarTeT msxverpli mowmisa da dazaralebulis koordinatoris samsaxurSi (misi TanxmobiT). mxardaWeris momsaxurebis detalebi unda gaacnoT zepirad da werilobiT.  SeatyobineT msxverpls, rom informacia am incidentis Sesaxeb SeiZleba sajaro gaxdes/mediiT gaSuqdes. darwmundiT, rom es informacia marTebuli gziT gadaeciT: kerZod, msxverpli ar CaTvlis, rom policias ar surs am sakiTxis gamoZieba.  gamoiCineT moTmineba da mieciT msxverpls saSualeba, ganmartos momxdari; CainiSneT rac SeiZleba meti detali.  hkiTxeT msxverpls, hyavs Tu ara megobari/partniori, romelTan dakavSirebac surs mxardaWerisTvis.  gaakeTeT Canawerebi msxverplis emociuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb (mag.: is SokSia?)  SeafaseT msxverplis riskebi da dauyovnebliv miiReT misi dacvisTvis saWiro zomebi (riskis Sefasebis Sesaxeb ix. zemoT).



msxverplisgan/mowmisgan detaluri Cvenebis aReba da mtkicebulebaTa SegrovebisTvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmna gamokiTxva, rogorc wesi, im etapze tardeba, rodesac saqmisTvis mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebebi grovdeba. gamokiTxvam SeiZleba gadamwyveti roli iTamaSos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze sarwmuno mtkicebulebaTa SegrovebaSi an gamoZiebis warumateblad dasrulebaSi. policiam unda daabalansos, erTi mxriv, msxvergverdi 98 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

plisgan maqsimalurad detaluri informaciis miRebis aucilebloba da, meore mxriv, misi saWiroebebi, maT Soris, piradi sivrcis xelSeuxebloba.

 gasaubrebis oTaxSi uzrunvelyaviT mSvidi garemo: Tqven ar unda Segawyvetinon muSaoba, rodesac mowmisgan Cvenebas iRebT.  moaTavseT karze abra: „ar SeawuxoT“.  SeqmeniT maqsimalurad mosaxerxebeli garemo.  gamorTeT mobiluri telefonebi da SeecadeT, rom ar Segawuxon am konkretuli periodis ganmavlobaSi.  saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, moawyveT Sesvenebebi.  ar gamoiyenoT ena, romelic qmnis gansjis STabeWdilebas; ar gamoxatoT piradi azri msxverplis individualur garemoebebze.  gaagebineT msxverpls, rom gesmiT mtkicebulebaTa gaziarebis sirTule.  gamoiyeneT toni, romelic msxverpls daamSvidebs.  gamoiCineT sifrTxile sxeulis enasTan dakavSirebiT da SeinarCuneT maqsimalurad neitraluri gamometyveleba.  gamoiCineT pativiscema nebismier dros; agrZnobineT msxverpls, rom gesmiT misi tkivili/Relva.  ar moaxdinoT msxverplze zewola.  SeiZleba mogvianebiT saWiro gaxdes Cvenebis meored CamorTmeva. Tu es samarTlebriv sirTuleebTanaa dakavSirebuli, msxverpls unda ganemartos.  moTminebiT moekideT msxverpls, Tu igi bevrad met sakiTxs giziarebT incidentze, vidre CvenebisTvis aris saWiro.  sakmarisi dro gamoyaviT am procesisTvis da ar daaCqaroT igi.  Tavi SeikaveT msxverplis qcevis kritikisgan.  Tavi SeikaveT varaudebisgan msxverplis religiis, cxovrebis wesis, seqsualuri orientaciisa da sxva msgavsi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.  arasdros gamoiyenoT diskriminaciuli gamoTqmebi.  arasdros daamcroT danaSaulis seriozuloba. es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, rodesac savaraudo damnaSaveebi arian axalgazrdebi an saqme exeba alkoholis moxmarebas.  ganixileT Cvenebis aReba neitralur adgilas an msxverplis saxlSi, Tu es misaRebia saqmis garemoebebis gaTvaliswinebiT.



msxverplis uwyveti mxardaWera da riskebis Semcireba

Tavdapirveli gasaubrebisa da Cvenebis miRebis Semdeg, misdieT qvemoT mocemul rekomendaciebs:

 msxverpls unda daukavSirdnen gamoZiebis dawyebidan 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, raTa igrZnos, rom mis sakiTxs seriozulad ekidebian.  sawyisi Sefasebis Semdeg, msxverplis winaSe arsebuli safrTxeebi droda dro unda gadaisinjos, raTa saTanado zomebi gatardes gamovlenili riskebis Sesamcireblad.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 99

 SeatyobineT saTemo an ubnis policiis oficers, rom daukavSirdes msxverpls da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, daamSvidos. es sakiTxi winaswar unda SeTanxmdes msxverplTan.  msxverpls unda ecnobos piris dakaveba, misTvis bralis wayeneba an misi gaTavisufleba patimrobidan.  msxverpls unda ecnobos braldebulis patimrobidan gaTavisuflebis safuZveli.  msxverpls unda miewodos informacia sakontaqto piris Sesaxeb (Tu pirveli sakontaqto piri xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi ar iqneba xelmisawvdomi, meore sakontaqto piris Sesaxeb).  msxverpli unda gadaamisamarToT mowmisa da dazaralebulis koordinatoris samsaxurSi (Tu es jer ar ganxorcielebula).  unda Catardes konsultaciebi danaSaulis prevenciis, aseve, msxverplis saxlisa da piradi usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb.  msxverpls unda ecnobos, Tu media iTxovs informaciis miwodebas.  saTanado SemTxvevebSi, riskebis Sesamcireblad, msxverplis saxlSi unda damontaJdes usafrTxoebis sistema; piradi usafrTxoebis mowyobilobebi (mag.: Zarcvis sawinaaRmdego signalizacia) unda gadaeces mas.  saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba msxverplis sxva sacxovrebelSi gadayvana.  msxverplTan dakavSirebuli detalebi daculi unda iyos materialuri saxiTac (furcelze) da, Tu saWiroa, eleqtronul bazaSic.  seriozul SemTxvevebSi SeiZleba msxverpls dasWirdes saxelis Secvla an sruliad axali identobis Seqmna.  aRniSnuli garemoebebis arsebobisas SesaZlebelia mowmeTa dacvis specialur programaSi Casma.  msxverpls Sesaferisi mxardaWera unda gaewios sasamarTloSi gamocxadebisas, maT Soris: _ hqondes xelmisawvdomoba damxmare oTaxebze/mowmeTa mosacdel oTaxebze; _ procesis gamarTvamde organizeba gaewios mis vizits sasamarTloSi daTvalierebis mizniT (Tu SesaZlebelia, gaecnos sasamarTlo momsaxurebebic); _ gamomZiebels an sagangebod am mizniT gamoyofil oficers daevalos msxverplis daxvedra da, Tu SesaZlebelia, Tanxleba. Tu aRniSnuli ver moxerxdeba, daxvedra da Tanxleba unda daevalos mowmisa da dazaralebulis koordinators. _ Tu aqedan arc erTi ar aris xelmisawvdomi, SeiZleba msxverpls SesTavazoT, rom Tan axldes megobari an ojaxis wevri, romelic saqmesTan dakavSirebiT mtkicebulebebs ar waradgens.

gverdi 100 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

aqtivoba 4.3: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis msxverplni â&#x20AC;&#x201D; transgenderebTan dakavSirebuli specifika (60 wuTi) saWiro masalebi: flipCartis qaRaldi, kalmistrebi; dasarigebeli masalebi 4.3(a) da 4.3(b). es aqtivoba moicavs prezentacias trenerebis mxridan (savaraudod, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan erTad). warmodgenili iqneba transgenderebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi an videomasala maTi cxovrebis Sesaxeb. aqtivoba moicavs transfobiuri siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da kargi sapolicio praqtikis sakiTxebs, aseve, diskusiebs mcire jgufebSi da plenarul sesiaze, fasilitatoris daxmarebiT. prezentaciis dasawyisSi monawileebs unda sTxovon sakvanZo sakiTxebis CaniSvna Semdeg kiTxvebTan mimarTebiT: 1. ratom arian transgenderi adamianebi gansakuTrebiT daucvelni danaSaulisgan? 2. risi gakeTeba SeuZlia policias danaSaulis transgender msxverplTa dasaxmareblad? SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod: Tu SesaZlebelia, moiwvieT adgilobrivi lgbt samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi amomwuravi brifingis gasamarTad transgenderi adamianebis gamocdilebaze, aseve, rekomendaciebis misawodeblad, Tu ra unda gaiTvaliswinon sajaro moxeleebma maTTan komunikaciis saukeTesod warmarTvisaTvis. Tu es SeuZlebelia, ganixileT videomasalis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. transgender msxverplTa daxmarebisTvis mravali faqtoria mniSvnelovani. dasarigebel masalaSi 4.3(a) mocemulia detaluri, magram arasruli CamonaTvali sakiTxebisa, romlebic policielebma unda gaiTvaliswinon transgender pirebTan urTierTobisa da oficialuri movaleobebis Sesrulebis procesSi. monawileebs SeiZleba miewodoT dasarigebeli masala 4.3(b), rac daexmareba maT aqtivobis farglebSi gaTvaliswinebul ZiriTad sakiTxebze yuradRebis gamaxvilebaSi.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 101

dasarigebeli masala 4.3(a): mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis msxverplni â&#x20AC;&#x201D; transgenderebTan dakavSirebuli specifika qvemoT moyvanili informacia aRwers saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebs da karg praqtikas, romlebic xels uwyobs danaSaulis msxverpl transgender pirebTan profesiul da mxardaWeraze orientirebul urTierTobas policiis mxridan. rigi sakiTxebi aseve aqtualuria interseqs pirebTan mimarTebiTac.

genderuli identoba da samarTaldamcvelebi

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, transgenderi pirebi farTo speqtris danaSaulTa msxverplni arian (maT Sorisaa seqsualuri Zaladoba da mkvleloba). msxverplTa raodenoba ufro didia eTnikuri umciresobebis warmomadgeneli da axalgazrda transgenderi pirebis SemTxvevaSi. socialuri stigmisa da kriminaluri viqtimizaciis maRali donis gaTvaliswinebiT, samarTaldamcavebisTvis prioritetuli unda iyos profesiuli reagireba transgender pirTa mimarT Cadenil danaSaulze. bevr qveyanaSi transgenderi pirebi, gansakuTrebiT seqsmuSakebi, xSirad ganicdian diskriminacias policiis TanamSromelTa mxridan. amas SeiZleba mohyves ndobis dakargva policiisadmi, rac, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs maT mimarT Cadenili danaSaulebis gaumJRavneblobas. profesionalizmis gamovlena da danaSaulis msxverpl transgender pirTa identobis pativiscema sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania imisTvis, rom policielebma SeZlon daucveli umciresobebis efeqtianad daxmareba.

cnobismoyvareobis marTva

policiis oficrebs SesaZloa ar hqondeT Sexeba transgender adamianebTan, danaSaulis transgender msxverplTan urTierTobamde. isini bunebrivad cnobismoyvare adamianebi arian da SeiZleba garkveuli kiTxvebi gauCndeT transgenderi adamianis cxovrebis wesTan, fiziologiasa da fsiqologiasTan dakavSirebiT. mniSvnelovania, gvaxsovdes, rom yvela transgenderi adamiani ar aris Tavisi Temis interesebis damcveli. isini ganicdian regularul Seviwroebas da gansjas cxovrebis manZilze. Sesabamisad, ar sWirdebaT damatebiTi stresis Seqmna policiis mxridan iseTi kiTxvebis dasmiT, romlebsac araferi aqvs saerTo msxverplisa da policielis profesiul urTierTobasTan. policiis oficerTa mTavari pasuxismgeblobaa profesiuli rolis farglebSi darCena da mxolod iseTi kiTxvebis dasma, romlebic ukavSirdeba gamoZiebas. gamoZiebis procesSi policiis oficrebma unda gaiTvaliswinon: sisxlis samarTlebrivi braldeba, romlis damtkicebasac cdiloben, da informacia, romelic aucilebelia diskriminaciuli motivis dasadgenad. incidentis transfobiuri bunebis damtkicebisas SesaZloa relevanturi iyos imis gacxadeba, rom msxverpli transgenderia. aseve, saWiro gaxdes ufro pirad elementebTan dakavSirebuli mtkicebulebebis wardgena, maT Soris, fizikuri istoriis/anatomiis Sesaxeb. Tu informacia mkafiod ar ukavSirdeba danaSauls an diskriminaciul motivs, amaze SekiTxvis dasma ar aris mizanSewonili. gverdi 102 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

transgender adamianebs xSirad gansjian da kicxaven ojaxis wevrebi, megobrebi da sazogadoeba. Sesabamisad, rodesac danaSaulze gasacxadeblad midian policiis ganyofilebaSi, mniSvnelovania, policiis mxridanac ar daeqvemdebaron msgavs mopyrobas _ meoreul viqtimizacias. SeinarCuneT saxis neitraluri gamometyveleba da yovelTvis iyaviT profesionali. ena unda iyos neitraluri, teqnikuri da araganmsjeli. profesionali policielis roli gulisxmobs orientirebas daxmarebasa da TanagrZnobaze. Tu dazaralebuli grZnobs, rom sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis sistemasTan urTierTobis drosac gansjian da diskriminaciulad epyrobian, aRniSnulma SeiZleba meoreuli viqtimizacia gamoiwvios.

2a) konfidencialuroba policielebs konfidencialurobis dacvis profesiuli valdebuleba ekisrebaT sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa gamoZiebisas. transgenderi adamianebi xSirad sakuTar warsuls saidumlod inaxaven an mravali mizezis gamo ar amJRavneben, rom transgenderebi arian (mag.: cxovroben axali roliT, rogorc qali an kaci). mesame mxareebisTvis am informaciis gamJRavneba mniSvnelovan riskebs uqmnis adamianis fizikur usafrTxoebas da fsiqikur keTildReobas. aman SeiZleba problemebi warmoSvas ojaxis wevrebTan, megobrebTan da dabrkolebebi Seqmnas dasaqmebis TvalsazrisiT. policiis TanamSromlebi valdebulni arian, daicvan personaluri informaciis konfidencialuroba. gasaTvaliswinebelia personalur monacemTa dacvis maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobac (Tu aseTi arsebobs). es gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania patara qalaqebsa da iseT adgilebSi, sadac anonimurobis SenarCuneba rTulia. zemoxsenebuli roli unda ganixilebodes riskebTan erTad, rom sisxlis samarTlis saqmis detalebi SeiZleba mediisTvis cnobili gaxdes sasamarTlos warmomadgenelTa meSveobiT an sxvagvarad. msxverpls unda SeatyobinoT es riskebi, raTa miiRos informirebuli gadawyvetileba, Tu rogor ganagrZos moqmedeba. es informacia arasdros miawodoT ise, rom msxverpls Seeqmnas STabeWdileba, TiTqos samarTaldamcvelebi cdiloben mis gadarwmunebas saCivris Setanisgan. da bolos, imisaTvis, rom pirma ganacxados policiaSi SesaZlo danaSaulze, arasodes misceT iseTi dapirebebi konfidencialurobis Sesaxeb, romelTa Sesrulebac ar SegiZliaT.

2b) mxardaWera rodesac msxverpli gansakuTrebiT daTrgunvilia da transgender sazogadoebasa da policias Soris urTierTobebi mTel rig gamowvevebs ukavSirdeba, SeiZleba mizanSewonili iyos misTvis SekiTxvis dasma, xom ar surs, megobari an ojaxis wevri eswrebodes policiasTan komunikacias. aseTi piri ar unda ukavSirdebodes saqmiswarmoebas. SeiZleba aseve sasargeblo iyos Cvenebis aReba neitralur adgilas, magaliTad, saTemo centrSi an msxverplis saxlSi. adgilobrivma politikam da kanonmdeblobam SeiZleba amaze gavlena iqonios, rac gasaTvaliswinebelia gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 103

3) nacvalsaxelebis gamoyeneba rogorc pirvel modulSi ganvixileT, nacvalsaxelebs viyenebT pirisTvis mimarTvisas an misi saxelis nacvlad: is, misi, mas (he/she, his/her). Cveulebriv, romanul da indoevropul enaTa ojaxisTvis damaxasiaTebelia imgvari nacvalsaxelebi, romlebic sqesze miuTiTebs. Sesabamisad, am enebze mosaubre transgender pirebTan urTierTobisas nacvalsaxelebi sworad unda gamoiyenoT, raTa Tavidan aiciloT maTi genderis araswori aRniSvna. roca transgender adamianTan xanmokle kontaqti gaqvT, umjobesia, Tavi aaridoT nacvalsaxelebis gamoyenebas (Tu es SesaZlebelia). Tu Tqveni CarTuloba ufro xangrZlivia, unda hkiTxoT pirs, romeli nacvalsaxeliT urCevnia mimarTva. Tu araswor nacvalsaxels gamoiyenebT, umjobesia, swrafad mouxadoT bodiSi da gaagrZeloT saubari. am Temaze didxans SeCerebam SeiZleba uxerxuloba gamoiwvios yvela damswrisTvis. erTaderTi, rac aseT viTarebaSi unda gaakeToT, aris Secdomis aRiareba da saubris gagrZeleba. mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom zogierTi transgenderi adamiani ar axdens sakuTari Tavis identificirebas kacad an qalad. isini warmogvidgebian arabinarul pirebad. arabinarul pirebTan mimarTvisas misaRebia iseTi nacvalsaxelebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa isini/maTi/maT (nacvlad is/misi/mas). Seuracxmyofelad miiCneva ganzrax araswori nacvalsaxelis gamoyeneba, radgan aman SeiZleba mniSvnelovani ziani da tkivili gamoiwvios. policiis oficrebis mier swori nacvalsaxelebis gamoyeneba da sensitiuri kiTxvebis dasma, Tu romel nacvalsaxels arCevs piri mimarTvisas, metyvelebs mis kulturul kompetenturobaze da iwvevs ndobas. qarTuli ena ar ganasxvavebs piris nacvalsaxelebs sqesis mixedviT. isini neitraluria. Sesabamisad, qarTul enaSi msgavsi gamowvevebis winaSe transgenderi adamianebi ar dganan.

4) iuridiuli saxeli bevri qveynis kanonmdebloba ar iTvaliswinebs adamianebis mier saxelis Secvlas, raTa maTTvis sasurvel sqess daemTxves. zogierT SemTxvevaSi transgender adamians saxelis oficialurad Secvla ar SeuZlia maSinac ki, roca kanonmdebloba amis saSualebas iZleva. aman SeiZleba mTeli rigi gamowvevebi Seqmnas, gansakuTrebiT, rodesac saqme policiis oficrebs exeba, romlebsac Sesabamisi treningebi ar aqvT gavlili da gamocdileba ar gaaCniaT piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentebis SemowmebaSi. SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes policielebis mier piris iuridiuli/dabadebisas miniWebuli saxelis gamoyeneba, romelic SeiZleba ar Seesabamebodes misTvis sasurvel sqess. aseTi samarTlebrivi moTxovnis arsebobisas, mniSvnelovania axsna, Tu ratom, rodis da sad iqneba gamoyenebuli es saxeli (formebi, gancxadebebi, sasamarTlo da samedicino dokumentebi da a.S.). policiis oficerma pirs unda mimarTos misTvis sasurveli saxeliT da gvariT, rodesac es SesaZlebelia. gverdi 104 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

saCivris miRebisas, gaigeT mowmis vinaoba da misTvis sasurveli saxeli da nacvalsaxelebi, romlebsac gamoiyenebT mimarTvis dros. Sesabamisad, mowmesTan pirvelive Sexebisas, policiis oficerma yovelTvis unda dasvas kiTxva: rogor gsurT, mogmarToT? Cvenebis dokumentirebisas, miuTiTeT mowmeebis oficialuri saxeli da sqesi, Semdeg mimarTeT maT mier arCeuli saxelisa da sqesis mixedviT. auxseniT mowmes, rom CvenebaSi mowmis dasaxelebisas gamoiyenebT mis oficialur saxels, magram mimarTavT mis mier arCeuli saxeliT. am sakiTxis CvenebaSi ganmartebis Semdeg, dokumentebSi piris moxsenieba unda gaagrZeloT misTvis sasurveli saxeliT da nacvalsaxelebiT. vinaobis/sqesis maidentificirebeli dokumentebi ar unda iyos moTxovnili, Tu es aucilebeli ar aris konkretuli iuridiuli miznebisTvis.

5) sensitiuroba sxeulTan mimarTebiT seqsualuri Tavdasxma uaRresad sensitiuri da pirovnulad gamanadgurebeli danaSaulia, gansakuTrebiT, im pirebis SemTxvevaSi, romlebsac SeiZleba isedac problemebi aqvT sakuTari sxeulis miRebis mimarT. bevr transgender adamians SeiZleba uxerxulobas uqmnides sakuTari sxeulis garkveuli nawilebi da ar surdes am Temaze saubari. amis gamo, kidev ufro met mniSvnelobas iZens ndobis mopoveba. Tu saWiroa sxeulis intimuri nawilebis Semowmeba sasamarTlo eqspertizis mizniT, msxverpls winaswar unda ganumartoT, ra procedurebs gulisxmobs es, raTa gadawyvitos, rogor imoqmedebs. aseT SemTxvevebSi msxverplis gadawyvetilebas pativi unda sceT.

6) ojaxSi Zaladoba zogierT SemTxvevebSi transfobiisa da sircxvilis SegrZnebis gamo, adamians SeiZleba dabali TviTSefaseba hqondes. zogi transgenderi adamianis azriT, SeiZleba nebismieri urTierToba sjobdes aranair urTierTobas. es xSirad karg safuZvels qmnis ojaxSi ZaladobisTvis. policielebma unda icodnen, rom msxverplis Tanmxlebi piri SeiZleba iyos moZalade. aseT garemoebebSi SeiZleba mizanSewonili iyos dazaralebulisa da misi partnioris mcire xniT gancalkeveba da iseTi kiTxvebis dasma, rogorebicaa: usafrTxod grZnobT Tavs saxlSi? vinme Tqveni cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi gemuqrebodaT an tkivils gayenebdaT? arsebobs raime mizezi, romlis gamoc ar SegiZliaT kiTxvebze pasuxis gacema Tqveni Tanmxlebis TandaswrebiT?

7) ojaxi policias SeiZleba mouwios msxverplis ojaxTan komunikaciam, gansakuTrebiT, roca msxverpli ugzo-ukvlod dakarguli, gardacvlili an miuwvdomelia. SeecadeT, frTxilad daadginoT ojaxis wevrebis mimRebloba da SeafasoT, Tu ramdenad arian mzad gamoZiebis mxardasaWerad. es SeiZleba gulisxmobdes kiTxvis dasmas, arian Tu ara dainteresebulni mediasTan saubriT. am adamianebisTvis SeiZleba miuRebeli iyos ojaxis wevris genderuli identoba da maTTan saubrisas saWiro gaxdes piris Tavdapirveli saxeliT/nacvalsaxelebiT moxsenieba an ori gansxvavebuli wesiT saubari: ojaxTan da msxverplTan.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 105

dazaralebulis ojaxs SeiZleba ar esmodes genderul identobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da, garkveul SemTxvevebSi, saWiro gaxdes maTi informireba am Temaze, aseve, msxverplis mxardaWeris momsaxurebebis miwodeba.

8) transgenderi pirebis dakaveba transgenderi piris dakavebis saWiroebisas, policiam frTxilad unda dagegmos Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi. sapolicio organoebis umetesobas ar gaaCnia transgender pirTa Tavisuflebis aRkveTasTan dakavSirebuli politika. transgenderi pirebis sapatimroSi moTavseba maTi oficialuri/dabadebisas gansazRvruli sqesis adamianebTan, SeiZleba saSiSi iyos. Tavisuflebis aRkveTis dawesebulebebSi isini Seuracxyofis, Seviwroebisa da seqsualuri Zaladobis maRali riskis qveS arian. Tu SesaZlebelia, mokle vadiT dakavebisas transgenderi pirebi calke unda moTavsdnen. grZelvadiani patimrobisaTvis sasurvelia ganisazRvros patimris moTavsebis SesaZlebloba im sqesis pirTa dawesebulebaSi, romelTanac is sakuTar Tavs aigivebs. patimris usafrTxoebas yvelaze prioritetuli mniSvneloba unda mieniWos. moklevadiani patimrobis garda, yvela SemTxvevaSi, policiam unda gamoikvlios, xom ar gadis piri tranziciis process, raTa patimrobis dros piris janmrTelobis mdgomareoba Sesabamisi iyos.

9) interseqs pirebTan dakavSirebuli specifikuri sakiTxebi 24-saaTian mokle periodSic ki interseqs adamianebs SeiZleba samedicino saWiroebebi warmoeqmnaT (mag.: aucilebeli gaxdes kortizolis steroiduli marTva marilis gamodevnis Tavidan asacileblad an efeqtiani kondicireba, raTa Tavidan aicilon sxeulis gadacxeleba). adamianebis umravlesoba, romlebic CanacvlebiT hormonul Terapiaze arian bavSvobidan gonadeqtomiis gamo, zogadad, mxolod 24 saaTis ganmavlobaSi Zleben hormonebis miRebis gareSe. 24 saaTis Semdeg, dauyovnebliv unda miiRon Sesabamisi zomebi da gaiTvaliswinon, ramdeni dro gavida ukanasknel dozasa da piris dakavebas Soris. interseqs pirebs, romlebsac implantebi an inieqciebi ukeTdebaT, zogadad, hormonebiT mkurnaloba moklevadian periodSi ar esaWiroebaT. Tumca, SeiZleba dasWirdeT eqTnis momsaxureba inieqciebis gasakeTeblad an eqimis daxmareba implantebis gamo. inversiis „qolgis“ farglebSi moqceul adamianTa jgufebSi osteoporozis an osteoponiis maRali riski arsebobs adreul wlebSi Catarebuli araswori hormonoTerapiis gamo. calkeul SemTxvevebSi, adamians SeiZleba araerTxel hqondes motexili an gabzaruli Zvlebi, rac niSnavs, rom misi Zvlovani sistema Zalian myifea. mniSvnelovania aseTi sakiTxebis gaTvaliswinebac mxardaWeraze orientirebuli yovlismomcveli Sefasebisas.

gverdi 106 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

dasarigebeli masala 4.3: gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi 1. ris gamo arian transgenderi adamianebi gansakuTrebiT daucvelni danaSaulisgan?

2. risi gakeTeba SeuZlia policias danaSaulis transgender msxverplTa mxardasaWerad?

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 107

aqtivoba 4.4: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebi — diskriminaciuli motivis damtkiceba (30 wuTi) es aqtivoba gulisxmobs plenarul prezentaciebs, individualur muSaobas da jgufur diskusias fasilitatoris daxmarebiT. saWiro masalebi: dasarigebeli masala 4.4(a) da 4.4(b). 1) diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebis gansaxilvelad, monawileebs unda miewodoT dasarigebeli masala 4.4(a). 2) jgufis TiToeul wevrs unda gadaeces masala 4.4(a) da sTxovon diskriminaciuli motivis damadasturebeli maqsimalurad meti magaliTis Camowera TiToeuli dasaTaurebis mixedviT. 3) saWiroa Sedegebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba jgufuri diskusiisas, dasarigebel 4.4(b) masalaSi mocemuli magaliTebis gamoyenebiT, raTa gamovlindes axali ideebi an indikatorebi, romlebic SeiZleba monawileebs gamorCeT.

dasarigebeli masala 4.4(a): diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebis savarjiSo

mikerZoebulobis indikatorebi rogorc wina modulebSia miTiTebuli, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli gansazRvrulia sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad, romelsac Seuwynareblobis motivi axlavs. policiis TanamSromlebi gamocdilni arian sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis dasadgenad mtkicebulebaTa identificirebasa da SegrovebaSi. danaSaulis mtkicebulebaTa Segrovebis mxardasaWerad, TiToeuli sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli gansazRvrulia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi. es definiciebi moicavs „mtkicebulebebs“, romelTa mopoveba aucilebelia pirisTvis danaSaulSi bralis wayenebis/dapatimrebis/devnisaTvis. siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebisas aucilebelia diskriminaciuli motivis damadasturebeli damatebiTi mtkicebulebebis identificireba. motivacia, garkveulwilad, subieqturia da SeiZleba rTuli dasadgeni iyos. arsebobs mTeli rigi faqtorebi, romelTa gamoyenebac SesaZlebelia diskriminaciuli motivis identificirebisTvis. zog faqtorebs SeiZleba ufro Zlieri mtkicebiTi Zala hqondes. am faqtorebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia Semdeg kategoriebSi: 1. dazaralebulis an mowmis aRqma; 2. savaraudo damnaSavis fizikuri, verbaluri Tu araverbaluri qceva (Jestebi, komentarebi, werilobiTi miTiTebebi da sxva); 3. organizebuli siZulviliT motivirebuli jgufebis an maTi wevrebis monawileoba danaSaulSi; 4. danaSaulis adgili da dro; gverdi 108 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

5. wina danaSaulis an incidentebis buneba an sixSire; 6. Zaladobrivi qmedebis buneba (mag.: sisastike); 7. sxva motivebis ararseboba. motivis subieqturi bunebis da im faqtis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom zogierTi indikatori ufro Zlieri iqneba, SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes saqmis faqtebis dadgena diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorTa kombinaciis gamoyenebiT. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba arsebobdes erTi indikatori, rac SeiZleba ar kmarodes imis dasamtkiceblad, rom incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulia, da saqme CaiTvalos Cveulebriv sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad. aris Tu ara saqme siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli, amas prokurori adgens, policiis mier warmodgenil faqtebze dayrdnobiT. amdenad, uaRresad mniSvnelovania, policiam yvela SesaZlo mtkicebuleba Seagrovos da warudginos prokurors. unda aRiniSnos, rom msxverpli SeiZleba ar miakuTvnebdes Tavs lgbt Tems, Tumca is, rom Tavdamsxmelebma dazaralebuli am jgufis wevrad miiCnies, miuTiTebs danaSaulis siZulvilis motiviT Cadenaze. am SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovania damnaSavis moqmedebis motivi da ara msxverplis seqsualuri orientacia an genderuli identoba. TiToeuli SemTxveva Seswavlili unda iyos arsebul faqtebze dayrdnobiT. saWiroa saTanado sifrTxilis gamoCena da iseTi faqtebis gamovlena, romlebmac SeiZleba SecdomaSi Segviyvanos; gansakuTrebiT, rodesac damnaSaveebi mizandasaxulad cdiloben Seqmnan STabeWdileba, rom danaSauli Cadenilia Seuwynareblobis motiviT. diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebis ukeT gasagebad, waikiTxeT Semdegi scenari da ganixileT pasuxebi (a)-(d) kiTxvebze. scenari: geiebis wyvilma qalaqis centrSi arsebuli gei klubi Ramis 2 saaTze datova. klubidan gamosasvleli Cabnelebul ukana quCaze gadis. gzis bolos axalgazrdebis jgufi Seikriba. rodesac wyvilma Cauara, isini Tavs daesxnen da scemes, Zirs dacemulebs ki muStebi da wixlebi urtyes. Tavdamsxmelebi maT uwodebdnen „pederastebs“ da „geiebs“. Semdeg axalgazrdebi adgils gaecalnen. mowmem policia gamoiZaxa. a) Cadenilia Tu ara sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli? diax, Zaladoba jgufurad, ori piris mimarT (gamoiyeneT adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili ganmarteba). b) zemoxsenebuli scenaridan ikveTeba Seuwynareblobis motivi? diax, lgbt pirebisadmi Seuwynarebloba ramdenime gziT gamovlinda: adgili: incidenti moxda lgbt pirebis Sekrebis adgilTan (gei bari). dro: incidenti moxda im dros, rodesac lgbt pirebi am adgils toveben. komentarebi: Tavdasxmis dros gakeTda homofobiuri komentarebi („pederastebi“ da „geiebi“).

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 109

dazaralebulis/mowmis aRqma: ori msxverpli iyo gei kaci. g) kidev ra saxis mtkicebulebebis moZieba SeuZlia policias? zemoT moyvanili Sefaseba gakeTebulia am magaliTSi SemoTavazebuli SezRuduli informaciis safuZvelze. policiis mxridan Semdgomma gamoZiebam SeiZleba gamoavlinos Semdegi informacia: dazaralebulis/mowmis aRqma: dazaralebulebs miaCndeT, rom danaSaulis samizneebi gaxdnen seqsualuri orientaciis gamo. mowmis aRqmiT, Tavdasxmas SeiZleba homofobiuri saxe hqonoda. sxva motivis ararseboba: SeiZleba sxva motivebi ar arsebobdes (araprovocirebuli Tavdasxma an araferi iyos moparuli da a.S.). siZulviliT motivirebuli jgufis wevroba: eWvmitanili, Tu is gamovlenilia, SesaZloa dakavSirebuli iyos siZulviliT motivirebul jgufebTan. Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb SeiZleba postebi gamoqveyndes socialur mediaSi. danaSaulis buneba/sixSire: msgavsi Tavdasxmebi adrec momxdara am ubanSi? es Tavdasxma imave bunebis iyo? d) es Tavdasxma siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulia? incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulia, radgan es aris sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli, Seuwynareblobis motiviT.

gverdi 110 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

homofobiuri da transfobiuri danaSaulis indikatorebi gamoiyeneT darCenili dro Seuwynareblobis zogierTi indikatoris gansaxilvelad, romlebic policiis gamomZieblebisTvis uzrunvelyofs homofobiuri/ transfobiuri motiviT Cadenili danaSaulis mtkicebulebebs: dazaralebulis an mowmis aRqma

komentarebi, werilobiTi Cvenebebi da Jestebi

organizebuli siZulviliT motivirebuli jgufebis an maTi wevrebis monawileoba

dro da adgili

wina danaSaulis an incidentebis buneba da sixSire

Zaladobis buneba

sxva motivebis ararseboba

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 111

dasarigebeli masala 4.4(b): diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebi: homofobiuri da transfobiuri ganmartebis Sesabamisad, lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebi aris Seuwynareblobis safuZvelze Cadenili danaSaulebi lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali, transgenderi da interseqsi pirebis mimarT. „lgbt pirebisadmi diskriminaciuli motivi“ niSnavs, rom damnaSavem piri samizned airCia misi faqtobrivi an aRqmuli seqsualuri orientaciisa Tu genderuli identobis safuZvelze. samizne SeiZleba iyos lgbt TemTan sworad/arasworad asocirebuli piri an qonebac. Zalze mniSvnelovania diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebis gamovlena, romelic ganapirobebs lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls. es xels Seuwyobs Sesabamis organoebs gadawyvetilebis miRebaSi _ gamoiZion Tu ara saqme, rogorc SesaZlo siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli lgbt pirTa mimarT. qvemoT CamoTvlilia Seuwynarebeli damokidebulebis indikatorTa arasruli sia:

msxverplis an mowmis aRqma:  msxverplis an mowmis aRqmiT, Cadenili qmedeba motivirebuli iyo lgbt pirTa mimarT SeuwynareblobiT? (gaiTvaliswineT: msxverpli SeiZleba ver acnobierebdes, rom SeuwynareblobiT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplia an uaryofdes, rom aseT danaSaulTan aqvT saqme, radgan ar miekuTvneba lgbt jgufs; aseve, ar flobdes sakmaris informacias amgvar danaSaulze da ver arqmevdes saxels anda Tavidan iridebdes personaluri monacemebis gamJRavnebas policiis an mesame pirisTvis). rogorc wesi, msxverplis an mowmis aRqma pirdapir gansazRvravs danaSaulis konkretul motivs, radgan is efuZneba dazaralebulis pirad gamocdilebas, Tavdasxmis garemoebebs da sxva faqtorebs.  sazogadoebis didi nawili danaSaulis adgilas miiCnevs, rom incidenti motivirebuli iyo SeuwynareblobiT.  danaSaulis dros msxverpli imave sqesis partniorTan erTad iyo? isini xelCakidebulni midiodnen an erTmaneTs kocnidnen? xom ar iyo gamosaxuli maT tansacmelze an aqsesuarebze lgbt TemisTvis mniSvnelovani simbolika (cisartyela/vardisferi an Savi samkuTxedi)?  msxverpli incidentis dros lgbt pirTa uflebebs icavda an maTTvis aqtualur sakiTxebze saubrobda?  msxverpli aRqmuli iyo, rogorc lgb an transgenderTa jgufis wevri misi tansacmlis an qcevis stereotipulad aRqmis gamo?  msxverpli aris sazogado moRvawe, romelic Riad lgbt jgufis wevri an maTi uflebebis mxardamWeria? (is SeiZleba iyos heteroseqsuali, magram mxars uWerdes lgbt miznebs) komentarebi, werilobiTi Cvenebebi da Jestebi  SesaZlo danaSaulis Cadenisas savaraudo damnaSave homofobiur/transfo biur enas an terminologias iyenebda? gverdi 112 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

 savaraudo damnaSave miuTiTebda msxverplis savaraudo seqsualur orientaciaze, genderul identobasa an gamoxatvaze?  savaraudo damnaSavem homofobiuri an transfobiuri gancxadebebi dawera an werilobiT saubrobda savaraudo seqsualur orientaciaze/genderul identobaze (vTqvaT, eleqtronuli fostiT gagzavnil werilSi/ werilSi/socialur qselSi)?  savaraudo damnaSave iyenebda Jestebs, romlebic aSkarad gamoxatavda mtrobas seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis safuZvelze?  danaSaulis/SemTxvevis adgilas iyo homofobiuri/transfobiuri warwerebi kedelze? organizebuli siZulviliT motivirebuli jgufebis an maTi wevrebis monawileoba  savaraudo damnaSavem gamoavlina Tavi organizebuli siZulviliT motivirebuli jgufis wevrad?  savaraudo damnaSave Tavisi tansacmliT an tatuirebis meSveobiT axdenda demonstrirebas, rom organizebuli siZulviliT motivirebuli jgufis wevria?  savaraudo damnaSavem gamoavlina Tavi siZulvilis onlainjgufis an media platformis wevrad?  savaraudo damnaSave cnobilia, rogorc piri, romelic siZulvilis enas iyenebs sajarod an homofobiur/transfobiur gancxadebebs/komentarebs akeTebs (werilobiT an zepirad)?  siZulviliT motivirebulma jgufma aiRo pasuxismgebloba Tavdasxmaze?  savaraudo damnaSavis kriminaluri istoria (mag.: is romelime qsenofobiuri an homofobiuri jgufis wevria).  savaraudo damnaSavis sajaro gamosvlebi (mag.: misi aqtivoba socialur qselebSi, sadac asaxulia uaryofiTi ganwyoba umciresobis mimarT). dro da adgili  Tavdasxma moxda lgbt pirTa didi RonisZiebis dros (mag.: lgbt Temis mier organizebuli sajaro manifestacia, praidi, homofobiisa da transfobiis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli saerTaSoriso dRe (IDAHOT))?  Tavdasxma moxda lgbt pirebisTvis politikurad mniSvnelovani movlenebisas (miRebulia kanoni qorwinebisa da Tanasworobis Sesaxeb, qalaqSi gaixsna axali lgbt bari, Catarda konferencia an pirveli gei praidi)?  savaraudo danaSauli moxda lgbt Temis ofisTan/barTan/centrTan axlos?  savaraudo danaSauli moxda iseT adgilas, romelic cnobilia, rogorc lgb an transgender pirTa Sexvedris adgili?  savaraudo danaSauli moxda seqsmuSakTa (gei, msm da transgender seqsmuSakTa) samuSao sivrceSi an mis mimdebared? incidenti moxda im adgilis maxloblad, sadac eqstremistuli/siZulvilis jgufebi ikribebian?

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 113

 adgili istoriulad lgbt pirTa Sexvedris adgili iyo, Tumca ki iq aRar ikribebian?  konkretul adgilas erTi da igive danaSauli ramdenjerme moxda? wina danaSaulis an incidentebis buneba da sixSire  savaraudo danaSauli moxda imave adgilas/dros, sadac/roca ganviTarda wina movlenebi?  gamoikveTa umciresobaTa jgufis wevrebis mimarT msgavsi danaSaulis/ kedlis warwerebis/Zaladobis tendencia?  savaraudo damnaSaves manamde Caudenia msgavsi danaSauli? Zaladobis buneba  Zaladobis/sisastikis an seqsualuri Zaladobis uCveulod maRali done Seusabamo iyo saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebidan gamomdinare?  Zaladoba koncentrirebuli iyo genitaliebsa an sasqeso organoebze? kavSiri moZaladesa da msxverpls Soris  miuxedavad imisa, rom siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls xSirad ucxo adamianebi sCadian, aseTi SemTxveva SeiZleba moxdes im pirebs Sorisac, romlebic erTmaneTs icnoben (mag.: megobris, axloblis, naTesavis, ojaxis wevris mxridan, romelmac Seityo piris realuri an savaraudo seqsualuri orientaciis an genderuli identobis Sesaxeb da Caidina danaSauli mis winaaRmdeg). sxva motivis ararseboba  Tavdamsxmels ar hqonda raime finansuri an sxva motivi danaSaulis Cadenisas (mag.: Tavdasxmisas ar momxdara qurdoba an yaCaRoba)?

gverdi 114 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

aqtivoba 4.5: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebi â&#x20AC;&#x201D; lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis gamovlena (30 wuTi) aqtivoba gulisxmobs wakiTxvas, diskusiebs mcire jgufebSi da plenarul sesiaze diskusias fasilitatoris daxmarebiT. saWiro masalebi: dasarigebeli masala 4.5(a) da 4.5(b) 1. dayaviT monawileebi mcire jgufebad. darwmundiT, rom adamianebi, romlebic erTad muSaoben, sxvadasxva jgufSi aRmoCndnen (Tu SesaZlebelia, daicaviT saTanado genderuli Tanafardoba). 2. miawodeT monawileebs dasarigebeli masala 4.5(a) da sTxoveT, misdion miTiTebebs. mieciT jgufebs 10-15 wuTi scenaris gasacnobad. Semdeg maT unda gansazRvron: a) Cadenilia Tu ara danaSauli; b) diskriminaciuli motivis mtkicebulebebi werilobiT scenarSi; g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda eZebos policiam; d) iyo Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli. 3. monawileebma jgufebSi unda ganixilon TiToeul scenarTan dakavSirebuli daskvnebi, 4.5(b) dasarigebeli masalis gamoyenebiT. CainiSnon jgufis mier gamovlenili damatebiTi Seuwynareblobis indikatorebi, romlebic dasarigebel masalaSi ar aris asaxuli.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 115

dasarigebeli masala 4.5(a): diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebis identificireba (30 wuTi) scenari 1: Tbilisis erT-erTi restornidan Ramis saaTebSi sami transgenderi qali gamovida. maT erT-erTi kompaniidan taqsi gamoiZaxes. telefoniT kompanias daniSnulebis adgilsa da mgzavrobis safasurze SeuTanxmdnen. mZRoli adgilze mivida da isini Casxdnen taqsiSi, Tumca mZRolma, fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebiT, samive maTgani manqanidan gadmoaTria, erT-erT transgender qals SeafurTxa da fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayena (ra drosac transgenderma qalma ganicada tkivili), amasTanave miaZaxa, rom maTnairebs Tavis manqanaSi ar Casvamda, misamarTze ki saerTod ar gamocxaddeboda, rom scodnoda, iq „kuklebi“daxvdebodnen. a) daadgineT, moxda Tu ara danaSauli; b) scenarSi gamoavlineT diskriminaciuli motivis mtkicebulebebi; g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda moiZios policiam? d) daadgineT, aris Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli (a) da (b) punqtebze dayrdnobiT.

scenari 2: gei kacs, romelsac grZeli Tma aqvs, feradi tansacmeli acvia da oqros sayure ukeTia, dRis saaTebSi samsaxurisken mimavals daedevna sami kaci, romlebic ekiTxebodnen, kaci iyo Tu qali. moZaladeebma SeaCeres da erT-erTma uTxra, rom „pederastisTvis“ oqros sayure zedmetia, fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebiT Camoglijes sayure da gaiqcnen. msxverpli mivida policiis ganyofilebaSi da ganacxada am faqtis Sesaxeb. a) daadgineT, moxda Tu ara danaSauli; b) scenarSi gamoavlineT diskriminaciuli motivis mtkicebulebebi; g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda moiZios policiam? d) daadgineT, aris Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli (a) da (b) punqtebze dayrdnobiT.

scenari 5: TbilisSi erT-erTi uflebadamcveli organizaciis Senobis win aqcia gamarTes ultranacionalisturi da religiuri gaerTianebis wevrebma da aprotestebdnen saqarTveloSi diskriminaciasTan brZolis kanonmdeblobis miRebas, kerZod, kanons „diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb“. isini acxadebdnen, rom am organizaciis dakveTa iyo aRniSnuli kanonis miReba parlamentis mier; rom isini finansdebian ucxoeTidan da yovelgvar erovnuls gvarTmeven. aqciis dros maT SeniSnes Senobidan gamomavali ramdenime axalgazrda, romlebsac wiTlad hqondaT Tma SeRebili da cxvirze pirsingi ekeTaT, aseve, cisartyelas ferebis tansacmeli ecvaT. aqciis ramdenime monawile maT fizikuri ganadgurebiT daemuqra, aseve, miayenes sityvieri Seuracxyofa da uwodes „avadmyofi“ da „amoraluri“ adamianebi. gaismoda SeZaxili „codvilebic“. ramdenime aqtivistma gaakava erT-erTi maTgani, Zalis gamoyenebiT, saxalxod Semoaxies feradi tansacmeli da daniT SeWres wiTlad SeRebili Tma. a) daadgineT, moxda Tu ara danaSauli; b) scenarSi gamoavlineT diskriminaciuli motivis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi; g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda moiZios policiam? d) daadgineT, aris Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli (a) da (b) punqtebze dayrdnobiT.

scenari 6: elenes Seuyvarda Tanakurseli mariami, romelTan erTadac Zalian did dros atarebda. xSirad RamiTac rCeboda masTan. erT saRamos, rodesac elene Sin gvian dabrunda, mamam Cumad naxa misi satelefono mimowera, saidanac yvelaferi Seityo elenes seqsualuri orientaciisa da sasiyvarulo urTierTobis

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 117

Sesaxeb. mamam sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayena mas, waarTva mobiluri telefoni da leptopi, Caketa oTaxSi da ar aZlevda gamosvlis uflebas, vidre normalur cxovrebas ar daubrundeboda da ar daiviwyebda garyvnilebas. a) daadgineT, moxda Tu ara danaSauli; b) scenarSi gamoavlineT diskriminaciuli motivis mtkicebulebebi; g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda moiZios policiam? d) daadgineT, aris Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli (a) da (b) punqtebze dayrdnobiT.

gverdi 118 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

dasarigebeli masala 4.5(b): diskriminaciuli motivis indikatorebis identificireba (30 wuTi)

scenari 1: Tbilisis erT-erTi restornidan Ramis saaTebSi sami transgenderi qali gamovida. maT erT-erTi kompaniidan taqsi gamoiZaxes. telefoniT kompanias daniSnulebis adgilsa da mgzavrobis safasurze SeuTanxmdnen. mZRoli adgilze mivida da isini Casxdnen taqsiSi, Tumca mZRolma, fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebiT, samive maTgani manqanidan gadmoaTria, erT-erT transgender qals SeafurTxa da fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayena (ra drosac transgenderma qalma ganicada tkivili), amasTanave miaZaxa, rom maTnairebs Tavis manqanaSi ar Casvamda, misamarTze ki saerTod ar gamocxaddeboda, rom scodnoda, iq „kuklebi“ daxvdebodnen. a) daadgineT, moxda Tu ara danaSauli; (diax _ Zaladoba). b) scenarSi gamoavlineT diskriminaciuli motivis mtkicebulebebi. dazaralebulis an mowmis aRqma _ msxverpli transgenderia; msxverpls miaCnia, rom es transfobiiT motivirebuli Tavdasxma iyo; fizikuri Seuracxyofis motivi gaxldaT lgbt pirTa mimarT Seuwynarebloba. komentarebi: damnaSavis mier msxverplis moxsenieba „kuklebad“. Zaladobis buneba: SefurTxeba miuTiTebs Zlier zizRze. sxva motivebis ararseboba: damnaSave da msxverpli erTmaneTs ar icnobdnen. g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda moiZios policiam? adgili: restorani, saidanac msxverpli midioda, aris Tu ara lgbt pirTa TavSeyris adgili; cnobilia, rom lgbt pirebi am teritoriaze xSirad arian? danaSaulis tendencia: xom ar miuTiTebs policiis Canawerebi sxva msgavs incidentebze, romlebic warsulSi moxda am teritoriaze? mowmis aRqma: xom ar Seswrebian aRniSnul faqts mowmeebi, romlebic daadastureben savaraudo damnaSavis mier siZulvilis enis gamoyenebasa da Seuwynareblobas. d) daadgineT, aris Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli (a) da (b) punqtebze dayrdnobiT. incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulia, radgan masSi erToblivad warmodgenilia sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli da Seuwynareblobis motivi.

scenari 2: gei kacs, romelsac grZeli Tma aqvs, feradi tansacmeli acvia da oqros sayure ukeTia, dRis saaTebSi samsaxurisken mimavals, daedevna sami kaci, romlebic ekiTxebodnen, kaci iyo Tu qali. moZaladeebma SeaCeres da erT-erTma uTxra, rom „pederastisTvis“ oqros sayure zedmetia, fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebiT Camoglijes sayure da gaiqcnen. msxverpli mivida policiis ganyofilebaSi da ganacxada am faqtis Sesaxeb. a) daadgineT, moxda Tu ara danaSauli; (diax _ Zarcva). b) scenarSi gamoavlineT diskriminaciuli motivis mtkicebulebebi.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 119

dazaralebulis/mowmis aRqma: dazaralebuli gei kacia, romelsac ecva feradi tansacmeli da hqonda grZeli Tma, rac, misi TqmiT, miuTiTebda geiebis jgufisadmi kuTvnilebaze. xom ar Seswrebian am faqts mowmeebi, romelTa aRqmiTac, Tavdasxmis motivi iyo lgbt pirTa mimarT Seuwynarebloba? komentarebi: Tavdasxmis dros gamoyenebuli iyo termini „pederasti“. g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda moiZios policiam? siZulviliT motivirebul jgufebSi CarTuloba: arsebobs raime mtkicebulebebi, romlebic miuTiTebs damnaSaveTa CarTulobaze siZulviliT motivirebul jgufebSi? xom ar gamoavlina damnaSavem Tavi organizebuli siZulviliT motivirebuli jgufis wevrad? adgili: xom ar xdeba msgavsi Tavdasxmebi am teritoriebze. mowmis aRqma: xom ar Seswrebian aRniSnul faqts mowmeebi, romlebic daadastureben savaraudo damnaSavis mier siZulvilis enis gamoyenebasa da Seuwynareblobas. d) daadgineT, aris Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli (a) da (b) punqtebze dayrdnobiT. incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulia, radgan masSi erToblivad warmodgenilia sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli da Seuwynareblobis motivi.

scenari 3: Tbilisis erT-erT ubanSi, e.w. italiur ezoSi, transgenderma qalma iqirava bina. maleve, rodesac mezoblebma gaiges axali mezoblis seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis Sesaxeb, sacxovrebeli binis fanjrebs qvebs esrodnen, piris misamarTiT transfobiur terminebs iyenebdnen da sicocxlis mospobiT emuqrebodnen, Tu dauyovnebliv ar datovebda maT sacxovrebel teritorias. am faqtTan dakavSirebiT man sapatrulo policia gamoiZaxa. a) daadgineT, moxda Tu ara danaSauli; (diax _ muqara). b) scenarSi gamoavlineT diskriminaciuli motivis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi. dazaralebulis an mowmis aRqma: msxverpli transgenderi qalia. komentarebi: savaraudo damnaSaveebi Riad afiqsirebdnen uaryofiT damokidebulebas transgenderi piris mimarT, iyenebdnen transfobiur terminebs. sxva motivis ararseboba: Tavdamsxmelebs ar hqondaT raime finansuri an sxva motivi danaSaulis Cadenisas. g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda moiZios policiam? siZulviliT motivirebul jgufebSi monawileoba: siZulviliT motivirebulma jgufma aiRo pasuxismgebloba Tavdasxmaze? xom ar yofila romelime maTgani siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Camdeni dajgufebis wevri? d) daadgineT, aris Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli (a) da (b) punqtebze dayrdnobiT. incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulia, radgan masSi erToblivad warmodgenilia sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli da Seuwynareblobis motivi. gverdi 120 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

scenari 4: giorgisa da kaxas partnioruli urTierToba aqvT. isini Ramis klubs estumrnen. klubSi Sesvlis Semdeg maT erTmaneTs akoces, ra drosac dacvis TanamSromlebi mixvdnen, rom gei wyvili iyo. erT-erTi maTgani miuaxlovda wyvils da uTxra, rom klubi daetovebinaT, radgan maTi yureba sxva stumrebisTvis sasiamovno ar iqneboda. giorgim da kaxam uari ganacxades klubis datovebaze. dacvasTan saubrisas klubSi myofma ramdenime kacma yuradReba miaqcia maT dialogs. rodesac cnobili gaxda mizezi, ori kaci moulodnelad miuaxlovda maT da daemuqra, rom Tu „qaTmebi“ axlave ar datovebdnen klubis teritorias, sul „cema-tyepiT“ gaaTrevdnen quCaSi da saxalxod da samagaliTod dasjidnen; amasTanave, erT-erTma maTganma kaxas yuri auwia da sajdomze msubuqad daartya dana. a) daadgineT, moxda Tu ara danaSauli; (diax _ janmrTelobis dazianeba (xaris xis gaTvaliswinebiT)). b) scenarSi gamoavlineT diskriminaciuli motivis mtkicebulebebi. dazaralebulis an mowmis aRqma _ dazaralebulebi arian geiebi; savaraudo danaSaulis Cadenis dros msxverpli imave sqesis partniorTan erTad iyo; isini erTmaneTs kocnidnen. mowmeTa Cvenebebi, romlebic adastureben aRniSnul faqtebs. komentarebi: Tavdasxmisas gamoyenebuli iyo termini „qaTmebi“. Zaladobis buneba: Tavdamsxmelis mxridan Zaladoba koncentrirebuli iyo msxverplis sxeulis konkretul nawilze, kerZod, man sajdomze daartya dana. sxva motivebis ararseboba: savaraudo damnaSave da msxverpli erTmaneTs ar icnobdnen. g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda moiZios policiam? wina danaSaulis an incidentebis buneba da sixSire: savaraudo damnaSaves manamde Caudenia msgavsi danaSauli? adgili: xom ar xdeba msgavsi incidentebi am Ramis klubSi? xdeba Tu ara konkretul adgilas erTi da igive danaSauli? d) daadgineT, aris Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli (a) da (b) punqtebze dayrdnobiT. incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulia, radgan masSi erToblivad warmodgenilia sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli da Seuwynareblobis motivi.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 121

ferebis tansacmeli ecvaT. aqciis ramdenime monawile maT fizikuri ganadgurebiT daemuqra, aseve, miayenes sityvieri Seuracxyofa da uwodes „avadmyofi“ da „amoraluri“ adamianebi. gaismoda SeZaxili „codvilebic“. ramdenime aqtivistma gaakava erT-erTi maTgani, Zalis gamoyenebiT, saxalxod Semoaxies feradi tansacmeli da daniT SeWres wiTlad SeRebili Tma. a) daadgineT, moxda Tu ara danaSauli? (diax _ muqara da damamcirebeli mopyroba). b) scenarSi gamoavlineT diskriminaciuli motivis damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebi. dazaralebulis an mowmis aRqma _ dazaralebulebi arian geiebi, romlebmac aRniSnul organizacias mimarTes TavianTi uflebebis dasacavad. maTi Cacmuloba, Tma, pirsingi miuTiTebda kuTvnilebas lgbt jgufisadmi. komentarebi: „avadmyofi“ da „amoraluri“ adamianebi, aseve gaismoda SeZaxili „codvilebi“. dro da adgili: Tavdasxma moxda lgbt pirebisaTvis politikurad mniSvnelovani movlenebisas (diskriminaciasTan brZolis kanonmdeblobis miRebis dros), uflebadamcveli organizaciis Senobis mimdebared. organizebuli siZulviliT motivirebuli jgufebis an maTi wevrebis monawileoba _ savaraudo damnaSaveebi cnobilni arian, rogorc pirebi, romlebic siZulvilis enas iyeneben sajarod an homofobiur/transfobiur gancxadebebs da komentarebs akeTeben (werilobiT an zepirad)? savaraudo damnaSaveebis sajaro gamosvlebi (mag.: maTi aqtivobebi socialur qselebSi, sadac asaxulia uaryofiTi ganwyoba umciresobis mimarT); Zaladobis buneba: gansakuTrebulad damamcirebeli garemos Seqmna, saxalxod feradi tansacmelis Semoxeva da daniT TmiT SeWra. g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda moiZios policiam? wina danaSaulis an incidentebis buneba da sixSire: savaraudo damnaSaveebs manamde CaudeniaT msgavsi danaSauli? sxva motivebis ararseboba: Tavdamsxmelebs ar hqondaT raime finansuri an sxva motivi danaSaulis Cadenisas. arsebobs msgavsi SemTxveva sxva pirebis mimarT, romelic am Tavdasxmas ufro ukeT xsnis? d) daadgineT, aris Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli (a) da (b) punqtebze dayrdnobiT. incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulia, radgan masSi erToblivad warmodgenilia sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli da Seuwynareblobis motivi.

gverdi 122 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

scenari 6: elenes Seuyvarda Tanakurseli mariami, romelTan erTadac Zalian did dros atarebda. xSirad masTan RamiTac rCeboda. erT saRamos, rodesac elene Sin gvian dabrunda, mamam Cumad naxa misi satelefono mimowera, saidanac yvelaferi Seityo elenes seqsualuri orientaciisa da sasiyvarulo urTierTobis Sesaxeb. mamam sityvieri Seuracxyofa miayena elenes, waarTva mobiluri telefoni da leptopi, Caketa oTaxSi da ar aZlevda gamosvlis uflebas, vidre normalur cxovrebas ar daubrundeboda da ar daiviwyebda am garyvnilebas. a) daadgineT, moxda Tu ara danaSauli? (diax _ ojaxis erTi wevris mier meorisTvis Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa seqsualuri orientaciis gamo). b) scenarSi gamoavlineT diskriminaciuli motivis mtkicebulebebi. dazaralebulis an mowmis aRqma: dazaralebuli aris lesboseli. komentarebi: mamis mxridan komentarebi normaluri cxovrebis dawyebis da garyvnilebis daviwyebasTan dakavSirebiT. kavSiri moZaladesa da msxverpls Soris: miuxedavad imisa, rom siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls xSirad ucxo adamianebi sCadian, aseTi SemTxveva SeiZleba moxdes im pirTa Sorisac, romlebic erTmaneTs icnoben (mag.: megobris, axloblis, naTesavis, ojaxis wevris mxridan, romelmac Seityo piris realuri an savaraudo seqsualuri orientaciis an genderuli identobis Sesaxeb da Caidina danaSauli mis winaaRmdeg). g) kidev ra mtkicebulebebi unda moiZios policiam? organizebuli siZulviliT motivirebuli jgufebis an maTi wevrebis monawileoba: savaraudo damnaSavis sajaro gamosvlebi (mag.: misi aqtivoba socialur qselebSi, sadac asaxulia uaryofiTi ganwyoba seqsualuri orientaciis da genderuli identobis mimarT). wina danaSaulis an incidentebis buneba da sixSire: savaraudo damnaSaves manamde Caudenia msgavsi danaSauli? d) daadgineT, aris Tu ara incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli (a) da (b) punqtebze dayrdnobiT. incidenti siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulia, radgan masSi erToblivad warmodgenilia sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli da Seuwynareblobis motivi.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 123

aqtivoba 4.6(a): ndobis mniSvneloba: policiis mxridan reagireba da lgbt Temebi (30 wuTi) aqtivoba moicavs wakiTxvas da diskusias plenarul sesiaze, fasilitatoris daxmarebiT. saWiro masalebi: dasarigebeli masala 4.6 1. waikiTxeT ori magaliTi, romlebic asaxulia dasarigebel masalaSi 4.6. 2. sTxoveT policiis TanamSromlebs, romlebic trenings eswrebian, ganixilon dasarigebel masalaSi asaxuli sakiTxebi. 3. hkiTxeT policiis TanamSromlebs, romlebic trenings eswrebian, maTi azriT, ra xarisxiT arsebobs ndoba lgbt Temsa da policias Soris maTi muSaobis sferoebSi? 4. hkiTxeT policiis TanamSromlebs, romlebic trenings eswrebian, ra moxdeba, Tu aseTi incidentebi maT qalaqSi dafiqsirdeba momaval kviras? 5. hkiTxeT policiis TanamSromlebs, romlebic trenings eswrebian, maTi azriT, risi gakeTeba SeuZliaT individualurad an zogadad policiis ndobis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad. SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod: SeiZleba arsebobdes ufro relevanturi adgilobrivi/bolodroindeli incidentebis magaliTebi, romelTa gamoyenebac SeiZleba moyvanili magaliTebis nacvlad.

gverdi 124 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

dasarigebeli masala 4.6: ndobis mniSvneloba — policiis reagireba lgbt Temebis problemebze qvemoT moyvanili magaliTebi dafuZnebulia realur movlenebze da warmogvidgens policiis or sruliad gansxvavebul reagirebas lgbt pirTa mimarT danaSaulebze. magaliTebi Sejamebulia sakvanZo saswavlo aspeqtebze yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad. miuxedavad imisa, rom incidentebi sxvadasxva periodsa da qveyanaSi moxda, es gamocdilebebi aqtualuria. aq mTavaria cnobierebis amaRleba imaze, rom siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis efeqtianad gamoZiebis SesaZlebloba mniSvnelovnad izrdeba, rodesac pozitiuri urTierTobebia lgbt Temsa da policias Soris. policiis qmedebebi, romlebic emsaxureba ndobis ganmtkicebas, ori TvalsazrisiT uwyobs xels qmediTi sapolicio zomebis ganxorcielebas:

 pirvel rigSi, maT SeuZliaT Seagrovon da awarmoon monacemebi da sadazvervo informacia, romelze dayrdnobiTac praqtiulad imoqmedeben siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Tavidan asacileblad.  meorec, maT SeuZliaT Seqmnan iseTi garemo, rom danaSaulis Cadenis Semdeg adamianebs hqondeT mzadyofna, mimarTon policias da ganacxadon incidentze (rogorc dazaralebulebma an mowmeebma), danaSaulis mtkicebulebaTa uzrunvelsayofad. gaecaniT qvemoT moyvanil saqmeebs da ganixileT sadiskusio sakiTxebi.

saqme A) gei kacis mkvleloba cnobili gei kaci qalaqis centrSi arsebul ramdenime barSi erToboda. bolo baris datovebis Semdeg, is Sin wavida kacTan erTad, romelsac im RamiT Sexvda. meore dRes is Tavisi saxlis sasadilo oTaxSi ipoves gardacvlili, kiserze da gulmkerdSi daniT miyenebuli mravlobiTi WrilobebiT. policiam daiwyo gamoZieba, romlis farglebSic qalaqSi mcxovrebi gei kacebis monacemTa baza SeimuSava. gei kacebs miawodes informacia, rom qalaqis centralur policiis ganyofilebaSi gamocxadebuliyvnen fotosuraTebis gadasaRebad da TiTis anabeWdebis asaRebad. bevri angariSi daiwera gei mamakacebis daSinebaze policielTa mxridan, raTa eiZulebinaT policiis ganyofilebaSi misvla. gamoZiebis farglebSi, daaxloebiT, 1,500 gei kaci gamoikiTxa. maT suraTebi gadauRes da TiTis anabeWdebi auRes. qalaqSi mcxovreb geiebze informaciis Segroveba SeCerda, rodesac am saTemo jgufebma adgilobrivi policiis xelmZRvanelobis winaaRmdeg sarCeli Seitanes. gamomZieblebma ganacxades, rom am Temis warmomadgenelebi gamoZiebis process mxars ar uWerdnen. saqme ar gaxsnila.

saqme B) bombis afeTqeba lgbt pirTa Sexvedris adgilas memarjvene eqstremistebma lursmnebiT savse xelnakeTi bombi aafeTqes lgbt pirTa barSi. afeTqebis Sedegad 3 adamiani gardaicvala da 70 daiWra.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 125

ramdenime dRis Semdeg lgbt jgufebis mier Ria cis qveS organizebul RonisZiebas adgilobrivi policiis ufrosi daeswro da am Tems mimarTa. man ganacxada, rom quCaze, sadac afeTqeba moxda, mobiluri policiis danayofs ganaTavsebda, romelic am teritoriaze darCeboda gamoZiebis dasrulebamde. policiis mikroavtobusi dakompleqtebuli iyo Riad lgbt policiis TanamSromlebiT. bevri lgbt piri Tavad gamocxadda mobiluri policiis danayofis mikroavtobusSi Cvenebebis misacemad.

jgufuri diskusia: saqme A) gei kacis mkvleloba  ras moimoqmedebT, Tu zemoxsenebuli saqmis msgavs gamoZiebaze iqnebiT pasuxismgebeli?  ra ZiriTadi funqcia hqonda am saqmeSi policias?  ra zegavlena moaxdina policiis midgomam lgbt Temsa da mis wevrebze?  ra zegavlena moaxdina policiis midgomam sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebaze?  Tu msgavsi mkvleloba moxdeba Tqvens qalaqSi momdevno kviras, lgbt mowmeebi xelmisawvdomni iqnebian TqvenTvis? gamoexmaurebodnen isini policiis sajaro mowodebas ganyofilebaSi gamocxadebasa da informaciis miwodebaze? saqme B) bombis afeTqeba lgbt pirTa Sexvedris adgilas  ras moimoqmedebT, Tu zemoxsenebuli saqmis msgavs gamoZiebaze iqnebiT pasuxismgebeli?  ra ZiriTadi funqcia hqonda am saqmeSi policias?  ra zegavlena moaxdina policiis midgomam lgbt Temsa da mis wevrebze?  ra zegavlena moaxdina policiis midgomam sisxlis samarTlis saqmis gamoZiebaze?  Tu msgavsi mkvleloba moxdeba Tqvens qalaqSi momdevno kviras, lgbt mowmeebi xelmisawvdomni iqnebian TqvenTvis? gamoexmaurebodnen isini policiis sajaro mowodebas ganyofilebaSi gamocxadebasa da informaciis miwodebaze? zogadi sadiskusio sakiTxi:  Tu mowmeebi Relaven policiisTvis mtkicebulebaTa wardgenasTan dakavSirebiT, risi gakeTeba SeuZlia policias lgbt Temis ndobis mosapoveblad?

aqtivoba 4.7: lgbt Temebis mxardaWera: policiis efeqtiani reagireba (15 wuTi yovel magaliTze) es aqtivoba moicavs mokle masalis wakiTxvas da mcire jgufebSi konkretuli sakiTxebis ganxilvas, rasac mohyveba prezentacia da diskusia plenarul sesiaze. yvela scenari aRebulia realuri cxovrebidan da asaxavs policiasa da lgbt Tems Soris urTierTobebTan dakavSirebul situaciebs. gverdi 126 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod: qvemoT moyvanili magaliTebis gamoyenebamde, trenerebma unda Seiswavlon scenarebi, romlebSic CarTulni arian qveynis adgilobrivi policiis TanamSromlebi. umjobesia, qvemoT moyvanili SemTxvevebi da sadiskusio sakiTxebi gamoyenebuli iyos saxelmZRvanelod da pirdapir ar iTargmnos, garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca scenari isedac Seesabameba adgilobriv saWiroebebs. SemTxvevebi unda momzaddes iseTi formiT, rom aqtualuri iyos policiis TanamSromlebisTvis (mag.: gamoiyeneT adgilobrivi saxelebi, teritoriebi da a. S., rac am SemTxvevebs ufro realisturs gaxdis). saWiro masalebi: dasarigebeli masala 4.7 (an msgavsi saqmeebi); qaRaldi, kalmistrebi. 1. dayaviT monawileebi oTx jgufad. 2. daavaleT TiToeul jgufs mokle kazusis wakiTxva. 3. daavaleT jgufs yovel scenarTan dakavSirebul sadiskusio sakiTxebze pasuxis formulireba. 4. jgufis erTi wevri unda SeirCes pasuxebis CasaniSnad. 5. plenarul sesiaze miiwvieT yvela monawile da ganixileT kazusebi, Sesabamis sakiTxebTan erTad. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, yuradReba gaamaxvileT policiis reagirebaze.

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba â&#x2013;ş gverdi 127

dasarigebeli masala 4.7: praqtikuli magaliTebi (kazusebi)

praqtikuli magaliTi 1 – Tavdasxma geiebis barSi avTo qalaqis centrSi mdebare iuridiuli firmis advokatia. erT Rames igi centrSi mdebare gei klubSi imyofeboda partniorTan, rezosTan erTad. maT Ramis 2 saaTze datoves klubi viwro quCaze arsebuli gasasvlelidan. gasasvlelis bolos axalgazrdebis dajgufeba iyo Sekrebili. rodesac avTom da rezom am axalgazrdebis jgufs Cauares, misi wevrebi Tavs daesxnen wyvils da cema dauwyes. jgufis wevrebi maT „geiebs“ uwodebdnen. rodesac dajgufebam daasrula maTi cema, avTo da rezo dabrundnen klubis karTan, sadac dacvis TanamSromelma pirveli daxmareba gauwia. avTos policiaSi undoda darekva, magram rezom amaze uari ganacxada. mas eSinoda, rom saqmis detalebi gasajarovdeboda da sasamarTloSi mouxdeboda misvla, ris Sedegadac misi kolegebi, potenciuri klientebi an ojaxis wevrebi Seityobdnen, rom geia. rezom avTos uTxra: „es xandaxan emarTebaT Cvennair adamianebs, ubralod amasTan Segueba giwevs“.

praqtikuli magaliTi 1 _ sadiskusio sakiTxebi  avTom da rezom unda Seatyobinon policias Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb?  ra sasurveli Sedegi SeiZleba mohyves policiaSi gacxadebas wyvilisTvis?  ra sasurveli Sedegi SeiZleba mohyves saCivris wardgenas policiisTvis?  Tu wyvili ar Seatyobinebs policias Tavdasxmis Sesaxeb, ra gavlenas moaxdens es: a) wyvilze; b) adgilobriv lgbt sazogadoebaze; g) policiaze?  rogor SeiZleba policiam xeli Seuwyos imas, rom adamianebma ganacxadon msgavsi incidentebis Sesaxeb?

praqtikuli magaliTi 2 (A) _ sajaro seqsis garemo Tqven patrulirebas awarmoebT lisis tbasTan. Ramis 11 saaTia da bnela. xeebs Soris xedavT manqanas, romlis ukana savarZelSic axalgazrda kaci da qali arian. orive wels qvemoT SiSvelia. qali oraluri seqsiTaa dakavebuli kacTan.

praqtikuli magaliTi 2 (B) _ sajaro seqsis garemo Tqven patrulirebas awarmoebT lisis tbasTan. Ramis 11 saaTia da bnela. xeebs Soris xedavT manqanas, romlis ukana savarZelSi ori axalgazrda kacia. orive wels qvemoT SiSvelia. erT-erTi maTgani meoresTan oraluri seqsiT aris dakavebuli.

praqtikuli magaliTi 2 _ sadiskusio sakiTxebi  adre gqoniaT B scenaris msgavsi situacia?  rogor moiqceviT aseT viTarebaSi?  A da B scenarebis SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebulad moiqceodiT? gverdi 128 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

 ra faqtorebi unda gaiTvaliswinoT, rodesac irCevT garkveul qmedebebs am scenaris SemTxvevaSi?  Tu A an B scenarSi aRweril situacias waawydebiT da gamovlindeba, rom erT-erTi piri seqsmuSakia, romelsac seqsualuri momsaxurebisTvis Tanxas uxdian: a) ra moqmedebebi iqneboda Sesabamisi? b) ras iTvaliswinebs kanonmdebloba?

praqtikuli magaliTi 3 — sajaro seqsis garemo — seqsis SeTavazeba quCaSi da Tavdasxma nika msxvili sadazRvevo kompaniis Sua rgolis menejerad muSaobs. igi daqorwinebulia, hyavs sami Svili da cxovrobs patara qalaqSi. misTvis cnobili gaxda saavtomobilo gzispira moednis Sesaxeb, sadac adamianebi xvdebian anonimuri seqsualuri urTierTobebis mizniT. nika midis moedanze da mis axlos mdebare tyian teritoriaze moZraobs. igi xvdeba kacs da tyeSi mihyveba seqsualuri kavSiris dasamyareblad. tyeSi Sesvlis Semdeg kaci scems nikas ugono mdgomareobamde, gaZarcvavs da miaqvs misi safule da telefoni. cota xnis Semdeg mas ipovian. daSavebuli nika saswrafo daxmarebis manqaniT gadahyavT adgilobriv saavadmyofoSi, sadac gonze modis. saavadmyofom amis Sesaxeb policias Seatyobina. policia midis saavadmyofoSi nikasgan Cvenebis asaRebad.

praqtikuli magaliTi 3 _ sadiskusio sakiTxebi  rogor moqmedebs policia im adamianTa uflebebis dasacavad, romlebic sajaro adgilebSi arian dakavebulni seqsiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom es SeiZleba danaSauli iyos?  Tu nika ar gaumJRavnebs policias detalebs momxdaris Sesaxeb, ra riskebi arsebobs piradad misTvis da sazogadoebisTvis? SesaZlebelia, damnaSavem kvlav Caidinos danaSauli?  ratom arCeven damnaSaveebi adamianebis gaZarcvas da maTze Tavdasxmas aseT garemoebebSi?  piradi cxovrebis ra sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba es SemTxveva?

praqtikuli magaliTi 4 _ skola _ Cagvra (bulingi) da Tavdasxma zviadi 15 wlisaa da saSualo skolis moswavlea. igi wynari biWia, kargad swavlobs, ar monawileobs arc erT „maskulinur“ sportul aqtivobaSi, rogorebicaa fexburTi an ragbi. sxva biWebs miaCniaT, rom igi zedmetad nazia da xSirad uwodeben „geis“ (Seuracxmyofel konteqstSi), aseve, sxva damamcirebel saxelebs, rac gulisxmobs homoseqsualobas da Seufereblobas „namdvili kacis“ gagebasTan. skolis moswavleebma gaiges, rom zviadi qalaqis centrSi mdebare geiebis TavSeyris adgilas naxes. momdevno dRes sportis gakveTilze zviads Zalian scemen gasaxdelSi, ra drosac homofobiur saxelebs uwodebdnen. mas Tavi tualetSi Caayofines da wyali CauSves. zviadma im dRes datova skola da arasdros dabrunebula.

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praqtikuli magaliTi 4 _ sadiskusio sakiTxebi  aRniSnuli policiis saqmea?  skolaSi qcevis gakontroleba skolis xelmZRvanelis pasuxismgeblobaa Tu policiis?  ra zegavlena aqvs uaryofiTi konotaciis mqone homofobiuri terminebis gamoyenebas skolaSi an sazogadoebaSi?

rogor SeiZleba msgavsi incidentebis prevencia?

praqtikuli magaliTi 5 _ onlain paemani da qurdoba joni dawyebiTi skolis maswavlebelia, romelic patara qalaqSi mdebareobs. mas ar gaumJRavnebia Tavisi ojaxisa Tu kolegebisTvis, rom geia, radgan muSaobs skolaSi, romelsac religiuri dawesebuleba marTavs. misi mSoblebi xandazmulebi arian. amitom jonma gadawyvita, rom ar gaamJRavnebs Tavis seqsualur orientacias maT gardacvalebamde, radgan xvdeba, rom isini amas verasdros gaigeben. igi Relavs skolaSi Tavisi droebiTi poziciis gamo da SiSobs, rom Tu damsaqmeblebi gaigeben misi orientaciis Sesaxeb, samuSaos dakargavs. joni geiebis socialuri qseliT sargeblobs sxva gei kacebTan Sesaxvedrad. erT saRamos igi Tavis onlain nacnobs, daviTs, saxlSi epatiJeba. daviTi RamiT masTan rCeba, magram diliT adre tovebs saxls. gasvlamde igi iRebs jonis samuSao leptops da safules. jonma unda ganacxados policiaSi, rom leptopi mohpares.

praqtikuli magaliTi 5 _ sadiskusio sakiTxebi  gaumJRavnebs dazaralebuli policias saqmis faqtebs?  ra unda icodes policiam saqmis efeqtianad gamosaZieblad?  ra sasurveli Sedegi eqneba amas dazaralebulisaTvis?  ra sasurveli Sedegi eqneba policiisTvis?  ra daexmareba dazaralebuls, rom policiisadmi ndoba hqondes?  SeuZlia Tu ara policias saqmeze muSaoba daasrulos dazaralebuli mxaris seqsualuri orientaciis gaumJRavneblad?  yvela sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, romlebsac policia iZiebs, sasurveli Sedegia warmatebuli sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna?  rogor unda imoqmedos policiam, rom dazaralebulma mxarem ar damalos/Secvalos faqtebi Tavisi geiobis an lesboselobis gamJRavnebis SiSiT?

praqtikuli magaliTi 6 _ SantaJi vika lesboselia, magram arasdros gaumJRavnebia amis Sesaxeb. 16 wlis win igi givis gahyva colad da 14 wlis Svili hyavs. qmarTan ara aqvs axlo urTierToba, magram surs qorwinebaSi darCena, Tavisi vaJiSvilis interesebidan gamomdinare. vika maRali Tanamdebobis sajaro moxelea saxelmwifo departamentSi.

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vikas kolegam aRmoaCina, rom lesboselia. igi emuqreba, rom qmars da menejerebs gaumJRavnebs mis seqsualur orientacias, Tu did Tanxas ar miscems. vikas unda, policias Seatyobinos SantaJis Sesaxeb, magram SiSobs, rom ar moekidebian gagebiT mis mdgomareobas; aseve eSinia, rom policia mis situacias qmars acnobebs.

praqtikuli magaliTi 6 _ sadiskusio sakiTxebi  lgbt pirebi, romlebic malaven sakuTar orientacias, ufro xSirad xdebian SantaJis msxverplni?  ratom?  ra gavlenas moaxdens vikas cxovrebaze misi orientaciis gamJRavneba?  pirebi, romlebsac aSantaJeben, mimarTaven policias?  rogor unda Seuwyos policiam xeli SantaJis msxverplTa mier danaSaulis gacxadebas?  ra pasuxismgebloba ekisreba policias vikas piradi cxovrebis dacvis mxriv?

IV moduli: lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba ► gverdi 131

IV modulis sareferencio literatura adamianis uflebaTa daniis instituti (2011), siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis instrumentebi: saxelmZRvanelo policiisTvis. ILGA, angariSis proeqti homofobiuri da transfobiuri siZulviliT motivire-

buli danaSaulis incidentebis Sesaxeb. gamoZiebis federaluri biuro (2015), siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze monacemebis Segrovebis saxelmZRvanelo direqtivebi da treningis saxelmZRvanelo. p. franei da i. del agila (2012), lgbt Temebis mxardaWera: instrumentebi policiisTvis, UCD-is socialuri samarTlianobis skola, G-Zala da gei policielebis evropuli asociacia. r. logari da b. marvanove vargova (2015), efeqtiani uwyebaTaSorisi koordinacia ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da prevenciisTvis (evropis sabWo). ZaladobasTan brZolis programebis erovnuli koalicia da danaSaulis msxverplTa mxardaWeris erovnuli centri (2010); ratom aris es mniSvnelovani: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da intimuri partnioris mxridan Zaladobis msxverpli lesboselebis, geiebis, biseqsualebis, transgenderebisa da qviarebis mxardaWeris axleburad moazreba. transgenderTa Tanasworobis erovnuli centri (2009), reagireba siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze: Temis resurssaxelmZRvanelo. danaSaulis msxverplTa mxardaWeris ofisi (2014), seqsualuri Zaladobis transgender msxverplTa saWiroebebze reagireba. r. polaki da j. le derofi (2010), ILGO Europe instrumentebi policiis oficerTa treningebisTvis homofobiur Zaladobaze reagirebis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, ILGA Europe.

r. polaki da j. le derofi (2010), Zalebis gaerTianeba homofobiuri da transfobiuri siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulTan brZolis mizniT: TanamSromloba evropis policiis Zalebsa da lgbt organizaciebs Soris, ILGA Europe. Sotlandiis transgenderTa aliansi (2013), genderuli identoba, sabaziso saxelmZRvanelo transgender pirTa mxardaWeris sakiTxebze, www.scottishtrans.org/ resources/

b. stauti, (2010) Tanasworoba da mravalferovneba sapolicio zomebis ganxorcilebaSi, Learning Matters Limited, eqseteri.

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V moduli: samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba (CSOs) winapirobebi da mizanSewoniloba didi xania evropis sabWo samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs moiazrebs „evropis sazogadoebis mniSvnelovan komponentad da demokratiis sagulisxmo da aucilebel elementad“.56 rasizmsa da qsenofobiasTan brZolis zomebis Sefasebis garda, sabWo da misi institutebi, maT Soris, rasizmsa da SeuwynareblobasTan brZolis evropuli komisia (ECRI) da adamianis uflebaTa komisari, monitorings uweven im zomebis gatarebas erovnul doneze, romlebic miznad isaxavs diskriminaciis aRmofxvras seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis niSniT. isini swored samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciaTa monacemebs eyrdnobian, rodesac amzadeben vizitebs an angariSebs diskriminaciisa da adamianis uflebaTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnul doneze. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mier Segrovebuli siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis monacemebi _ iseve, rogorc maTi Sefasebebi am tipis Zaladobaze policiisa da sxva uwyebaTa reagirebis Sesaxeb _ yuradRebiT ganixileba. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi (CSOs) xSirad pirvelebi arian, visTanac siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverpls aqvs Sexeba. bevri maTgani uwevs gadaudebel emociur, praqtikul, iuridiul da, zogjer, samedicino dax56. rezolucia CM/Res(2016)3 „saerTaSoriso sabWosTan TanamSromlobis statusi“.

arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis

V moduli: samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba (CSOs)

evropis

► gverdi 133

marebas. amgvarad, es organizaciebi policiisTvis mniSvnelovani resursia: maT SeuZliaT policielTa daxmareba, rom ukeT gaiazron am danaSaulis realuri zegavlena siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplsa da lgbt Temebze. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis mxardaWeriT, xSirad izrdeba Sansi, rom dazaralebulebi iTanamSromleben gamoZiebasTan da CaerTvebian sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis procesSi. partniorebTan muSaoba yovelTvis advili ar aris. zogierT SemTxvevaSi, samoqalaqo sazogadoebasa da policias Soris SeiZleba undobloba arsebobdes. es moduli daexmareba monawileebs, ukeT gaiazron samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis muSaoba, aseve, Tu rogor SeuZlia policias dazaralebulTa saWiroebebze reagirebis gaumjobeseba. moduli moicavs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis pirdapir wvlils. kerZod, isini ganmartaven, Tu ra momsaxurebas awvdian, aseve, ra monacemebi da gamocdileba daagroves lgbt pirTa saWiroebebTan mimarTebiT. Semdeg monawileebs saSualeba eqnebaT, imuSaon samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebTan, raTa gamoavlinon sferoebi, sadac SesaZlebelia TanamSromlobis gaumjobeseba. rekomendebulia, es moduli gamoiyenon saswavlo sesiebSi, Tu samoqalaqo sazogadoeba jer kidev ar aris CarTuli am procesebSi. misi meSveobiT treningi SeiZleba gaimarTos samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciis ofisSic. amgvari midgoma monawileebs saSualebas miscems, ukeT gaecnon organizaciis saqmianobas da naTlad gaiazron gzavnili, rom samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi wamyvani partniorebi arian lgbt pirTa mimarT danaSaulis aRmofxvraSi. es ki, Tavis mxriv, karg safuZvels Seqmnis axali sakiTxebisa da TanamSromlobis sferoebis gamovlenisTvis.

swavlebis Sedegebi Sedegad, monawileebi:  gaacnobiereben, Tu risi SeTavazeba SeuZlia samoqalaqo sazogadoebas siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebisa da aRricxvis gasaumjobeseblad;

 SeZleben, mimarTon adgilobriv samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRkveTaSi TanamSromlobisTvis;  samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan TanamSromlobiT, SeimuSaveben erTobliv aqtivobebs.

aqtivobebis mimoxilva 5.1 vin arian samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi, rogor SeuZliaT daxmareba da rogor SegviZlia TanamSromloba maTTan? (40-45 wuTi). 5.2 „maT adgilze yofna: ra unda gavakeTo da risi gakeTeba SemiZlia?“ (45 wuTi). 5.3 sazogadoebasTan efeqtiani urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba (40 wuTi).

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aqtivoba 5.1: vin arian samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi da rogor SeuZliaT maT daxmareba? 1. aqtivobamde: a) lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulebze momuSave erovnuli da adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis moZieba. SeagroveT saxelwodebebi, sakontaqto informacia da cnobebi maT saqmianobasa da momsaxurebebze. daamateT es informacia 5.1 dasarigebel masalas im nawilSi, sadac asaxulia informacia ILGA-is da TGEU-is Sesaxeb. b) gamoavlineT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizacia, romelic am aqtivobis farglebSi prezentacias gaakeTebs. idealur SemTxvevaSi, aseT organizacias didi gamocdileba unda hqondes siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze monitoringis an/da msxverplTa daxmarebis sferoSi. Sesabamisi organizaciis gamosavlenad da masTan dasakavSireblad, SeiZleba mizanSewonili iyos konsultaciebis gamarTva siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis erovnul eqspertebTan. dauTmeT dro samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciasTan erTad sesiis dagegmvas. erTad gaiareT sesiis gegma, SeaTanxmeT ZiriTadi gzavnilebi da gamoavlineT nebismieri sensitiuri sakiTxi, romlebic SeiZleba treningze wamoiWras (mag.: gansakuTrebiT sensitiuri SemTxveva, romlis drosac policielebi arasaTanadod moepyrnen msxverpls an/da maT mxardamWerebs). winaswar SeaTanxmeT, rogor SeiZleba yvelaze ukeT diskusiebis warmarTva msgavs saqmeebsa an sakiTxebze. gaiTvaliswineT: am sesiis saerTo mizania samoqalaqo sazogadoebasa da policias Soris arsebuli nebismieri problemisa da daZabulobis pirdapir da gulaxdilad warmoCena; amavdroulad, yuradReba unda gamaxvildes im gzebze, romlebiTac policiasa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs SeuZliaT produqtiuli TanamSromloba momavalSi.

prezentaciaSi ganxiluli unda iyos Semdegi ZiriTadi sakiTxebi:

a) samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis saqmianoba; b) siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gavlena msxverplze (SeiZleba praqtikuli magaliTis moyvana an piradi gamocdilebis gaziareba); g) mosazrebebi kanonebis an maTi ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT arsebul xarvezebze; d) monacemebi siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze, romlebic Segrovebulia mowveuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciis an sxva partniori organizaciis mier; analizi, Tu ramdenad emTxveva es monacemebi policiis monacemebs da ratom SeiZleba arsebobdes gansxvavebebi (mag.: msxverplma policias ar Seatyobina danaSaulis Sesaxeb; samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi da policia sxvadasxva kriteriums iyeneben da a.S.); e) am organizaciebis aRricxvis meTodologiis mimoxilva da Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad sandoa maTi monacemebi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb; v) im mizezebis mimoxilva, ris gamoc msxverpli ar acxadebs policiaSi danaSaulis Sesaxeb;

V moduli: samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba (CSOs)

â&#x2013;ş gverdi 135

g) rekomendaciebi, Tu rogor SeuZlia policias lgbt msxverplTa daxmareba da mxardaWera; T) winadadebebi, Tu rogor SeiZleba, ukeT iTanamSromlon samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebma da policiam. 2. daiwyeT aqtivoba „gonebrivi ieriSis“ mokle sesiiT, hkiTxeT monawileebs, ra ician saerTaSoriso, erovnul da adgilobriv doneze arsebuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis saqmianobaze. diskusiis dros SegiZliaT SesTavazoT Semdegi ideebi: samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi SeiZleba iyvnen:

 didi saerTaSoriso organizaciebi, romlebic muSaoben mTel rig sakiTxebze, maT Soris, siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulsa da adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT (mag.: Amnesty International an Human Rights Watch).  organizaciebi, romlebic muSaoben konkretulad lgbt pirebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebsa da uflebebze (mag.: ILGA da TGEU).  organizaciebi, romlebic CarTulni arian mTel rig aqtivobebSi (mag.: monitoringi, angariSgeba da cnobierebis amaRleba siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb).  organizaciebi, romlebic saerTaSoriso organizaciebs, maT Soris, evropis sabWos, warudgenen monacemebs da informacias siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis TvalsazrisiT erovnul doneze arsebuli viTarebis Sesaxeb.  organizaciebi, romlebic uSualo mxardaWeras uweven siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverpls da, misi Tanxmobis SemTxvevaSi, policias atyobineben danaSauls. 3. miapyariT monawileTa yuradReba 5.1 dasarigebel masalaze, sadac CamoTvlilia saerTaSoriso, regionuli da erovnuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi, romlebic muSaoben lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sakiTxebze. 4. miiwvieT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizacia prezentaciis gasakeTeblad. 5. prezentaciis Semdeg, gauwieT fasilitatoroba kiTxva-pasuxis sesias.

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dasarigebeli masala 5.1: saerTaSoriso, regionuli da erovnuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi, romlebic muSaoben lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sakiTxebze aq moyvanilia im samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis magaliTebi, romlebic saerTaSoriso da erovnul doneze muSaoben siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sakiTxebze. dauTmeT garkveuli dro maTi saitebis gacnobas: amiT SeityobT sxva qveynebSi arsebul mdgomareobas lgbt pirTa mimarT Cadenili msgavsi danaSaulebis mxriv, aseve, gaecnobiT am problemebis gadaWrisa da msxverplTa mxardaWeris gzebs.

saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, romlebic muSaoben lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sakiTxebze evropis regionis lesboseli, gei, biseqsuali, transi da interseqsi pirebis mxardaWeris saerTaSoriso asociacia (ILGA-Europe) http://www.ilga-europe.org/ ILGA-Europe miznad isaxavs evropul da saerTaSoriso doneze Tanmimdevruli da

erTgvarovani midgomebis gamoyenebas siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisa da siZulvilis enis mimarT. organizacia monitorings uwevs evropis sabWos wevri qveynebis mier sxvadasxva valdebulebaTa Sesrulebas; aseve, TanamSromlobs mis wevrebTan mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli advokatirebis mxardasaWerad, romelic miznad isaxavs kanonmdeblobisa da politikis miRebas erovnuli sakanonmdeblo organoebisa da mTavrobebis mier. ILGA-Europe TanamSromlobs profesiul organizaciebTan, raTa xeli Seuwyos po-

liciis TanamSromlebis, prokurorebis, mosamarTleebisa da advokatebis treningebs. is xels uwyobs siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulsa da incidentebze mtkicebulebebis Segrovebas wevri organizaciebis mier, aseve, exmareba maT SesaZleblobebis ganviTarebaSi; dabolos, organizacia mxars uWers da exmareba evropul sasamarTloebSi saqmeebis wardgenas da davebis warmarTvas. OII Europe (Organisation Intersex International Europe) https://oiieurope.org/about/ OII Europe aris interseqs pirTa uflebebis damcveli evropuli organizaciebis

qolga organizacia. igi ar muSaobs uSualod siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sakiTxebze, Tumca SesaniSnavi resursia, rom ufro meti gaigoT interseqs adamianebsa da maT gamocdilebaze. SegiZliaT, OII Europe-s daukavSirdeT damatebiTi informaciisTvis, aseve, rodesac cdilobT kontaqtebis damyarebas erovnul doneze arsebul wevr organizaciebTan. Transgender EU (TGEU) Tgeu.org Transgender EU, Tavis wevr organizaciebsa da partniorebTan TanamSromlobiT,

monitorings uwevs da xels uwyobs cnobierebis amaRlebas iseT sakiTxze, rogoricaa transgender pirTa mimarT adamianis uflebebis seriozuli darRvevebi

V moduli: samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba (CSOs)

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globaluri da evropuli masStabiT. 2009 wlidan, organizaciis mier ganxorcielebuli Trans Murder Monitoring (TMM) proeqtis farglebSi, sistematurad grovdeboda, mowmdeboda da analizdeboda monacemebi transgenderi adamianebis mkvlelobebze msoflio masStabiT. evropaSi TGEU partnior organizaciebTan erTad muSaobs diskriminaciis, siZulvilis enisa da siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsaricxad da Zaladobis msxverpls/gadarCenilebs sTavazobs Temze dafuZnebul mxardaWeras Tavisi proeqtis farglebSi ProTrans. Amnesty International Amnesty.org Amnesty International-ma mTeli rigi erovnuli gamoZiebebi Caatara siZulviliT

motivirebuli danaSaulis, maT Soris, lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sakiTxebze. organizaciis angariSebi moicavs kazusebs, erovnuli samarTlebrivi da politikuri CarCos analizs da viTarebis gaumjobesebaze mimarTul rekomendaciebs. moiZieT „siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli“ organizaciis veb-gverdze, sadac SegiZliaT naxoT angariSebi sxvadasxva qveynis Sesaxeb. Human Rights Watch www.hrw.org Amnesty-is msgavsad, Human Rights Watch ikvlevs siZulviliT motivirebuli dana-

Saulis SemTxvevebs, maT Soris, lgbt pirTa mimarT. organizaciis angariSebi moicavs kvlevebs, erovnuli samarTlebrivi da politikuri CarCos analizs da viTarebis gaumjobesebaze mimarTul rekomendaciebs. moiZieT „siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli“ organizaciis veb-gverdze, sadac SegiZliaT naxoT angariSebi sxvadasxva qveynis Sesaxeb.

erovnuli organizaciebi, romlebic muSaoben lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sakiTxebze saxeli; veb-gverdi; sakontaqto piri; organizaciis saqmianobis mokle aRwera (treningi, monitoringi, msxverplTa mxardaWera da sxva).

gverdi 138 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

aqtivoba 5.2 „maT adgilze yofna: ra unda gavakeTo da risi gakeTeba SemiZlia?“ aRniSnuli sesia unda Catardes samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis monawileobiT. igi SeiZleba gaimarTos aseTi organizaciis prezentaciis Semdeg. 1. sesiis dawyebamde moamzadeT flipCartis 5 furceli da dawereT:

 gverdi 1: „ra sWirdeba msxverpls?“  gverdi 2: „ra sWirdeba policias?“„risi gakeTeba SeuZlia policias?“  gverdi 3: „ra sWirdebaT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs?“ „risi gakeTeba SeuZliaT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs?“  gverdi 4: „ra sWirdebaT prokurorebs?“ „risi gakeTeba SeuZliaT prokurorebs?“  gverdi 5: „ra sWirdebaT saministroebs?“ „risi gakeTeba SeuZliaT saministroebs?“ 2. daamagreT es furclebi gamosaCen adgilas oTaxSi da moamzadeT kalmistrebi. 3. waradgineT sesia. ganmarteT, rom am sesiis mizania:

 im adamianebis da organizaciebis Tvalsazrisis gageba, romlebic muSaoben lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRmofxvraze.  gansakuTrebuli yuradRebis gamaxvileba msxverplTa Tvalsazrisze. 4. dayaviT monawileebi 5 mcire jgufad. uTxariT, rom 5-7 wuTi unda dauTmon flipCartebis Sevsebas pirvel pirSi (mag.: msxverplis furcelze SeiZleba daiweros: „rogorc msxverpls, me mWirdeba...“, policiis furcelze _ „rogorc policiis oficers, me mWirdeba/SemiZlia...“). xazi gausviT Semdeg sakiTxs: marTalia, msxverplsac SeuZlia garkveuli zomebis miReba lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulvilis mxriv arsebuli mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad (mag.: ganacxados danaSaulis Sesaxeb; monawileobdes sisxlis samarTlis warmoebaSi), Tumca, maT ar unda aiZulon imis gakeTeba, rac ar surT. miuTiTeT, rom am TvalsazrisiT, msxverplis roli sruliad gansxvavdeba policiis, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebisa da saministroebis rolisgan, romlebsac pasuxismgeblobebi ekisrebaT Sesabamisi zomebis gatarebaze. ganmarteT, rom swored am mizezis gamo gansxvavdeba msxverplis gverdi sxva gverdebisgan. 5. uTxariT monawileebs, rom 7 wuTis amowurvis Semdeg, jgufis erTi wevri darCeba Tavis adgilas, xolo danarCenebi momdevno flipCartTan gadavlen. jgufi flipCartze 5-7 wuTi imuSavebs. flipCartTan darCenili monawile ganumartavs maT, Tu ra dawera misma jgufma imave sityvebis gamoyenebiT („rogorc msxverpls, me mWirdeba ...“, „rogorc policiis oficers, me SemiZlia ...“ da a.S.). Semdeg jgufma unda gamoavlinos, xom ar gamorCa rame wina jgufs da daamatos es sakiTxebi CamonaTvals. 6. 7 wuTis amowurvis Semdeg, jgufis sxva wevri darCeba Tavis adgilas, xolo danarCeni wevrebi momdevno flipCartTan gadavlen. jgufi flipCartze 5-7 wuTi imuSavebs. flipCartTan darCenili adamiani ganumartavs maT, Tu ra dawera misma jgufma imave sityvebis gamoyenebiT. Semdeg jgufma unda gamoavlinos,

V moduli: samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba (CSOs)

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xom ar gamorCa rame wina jgufs da daamatos es sakiTxebi CamonaTvals. gaagrZeleT aseTi wesiT muSaoba manam, sanam jgufi yvela flipCarts ar Seavsebs. 7. sTxoveT yvelas, rom dabrundnen did jgufSi debrifingis mosawyobad. hkiTxeT monawileebs: ra gaiges am aqtivobidan, ra gaukvirdaT da ras gaiTvaliswineben? gamoavlineT da CaiwereT ZiriTadi qmedebebi, romlebic SeiZleba gatardes axlo da saSualovadian periodSi, raTa gamovlenili saWiroebebi dakmayofildes policiasTan, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebsa da sxva uwyebebTan TanamSromlobiT.

aqtivoba 5.3 TemTan efeqtiani urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba (1 saaTi) es aqtivoba 2 nawilisgan Sedgeba: pirveli iTvaliswinebs kazusis Seswavlas SeZenili codnis gamosavlenad da imis gaazrebas, Tu ra SeiZleba gakeTdes sxvagvarad. meore nawili iTvaliswinebs „gonebriv ieriSs“, romlis drosac monawileebma unda gansazRvron erovnul doneze gasatarebeli qmedebebi policiasa da lgbt Temebs Soris urTierTobis gasaumjobeseblad. am modulis farglebSi, sxva aqtivobebTan mimarTebiT, gansakuTrebulad rekomendebulia samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciaTa monawileoba.

5.3(a) sapolicio RonisZiebebis gatareba homofobiis saerTaSoriso dResTan dakavSirebiT, rumineTi: adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos saqme M.C. and A.C. v Romania 1. sesiis dawyebamde gaamzadeT flipCartis 2 furceli. pirvelze dawereT: „ra gakeTda arasworad?“ meoreze dawereT: „risi gakeTeba SeiZleboda sxvagvarad?“ 2. dayaviT monawileebi mcire jgufebad. Tu am aqtivobaSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciis warmomadgenlebic monawileoben, gadaanawileT isini policiis TanamSromlebiT warmodgenil jgufebSi. sTxoveT monawileebs, gaecnon kazuss, am kiTxvebis gaTvaliswinebiT. axseniT, rom aqtivobis mizani ar aris braleulobis dadgena. miuTiTeT, rom evropis sabWos bevr qveyanas hqonda msgavsi gamowvevebi, am saqmeze ki yuradRebas amaxvilebT imis gamo, rom realurad moxda da asaxavs policiisa da Temebis winaSe arsebul realur gamowvevebs. 3. mieciT monawileebs 5-7 wuTi kazusis gasacnobad. sTxoveT, mokle pasuxi gascen Semdeg or SekiTxvaze. 4. gaaerTianeT monawileebi did jgufad, raTa erTmaneTs gauziaron pasuxebi. rodesac ganixilavT, ra gakeTda arasworad, yuradReba gaamaxvileT Semdeg sakiTxebze:

 aRlumis Semdeg monawileebi daSavdnen, miuxedavad tansacmelsa da marSrutze miwodebuli instruqciebisa.  policiis reagireba msxverplTa mdgomareobaze arasaTanado iyo (mag.: gamoxatavdnen gaocebas, rom „SeZlebulebi“ iyvnen, da cdilobdnen, gadaerwmunebinaT saqmis aRZvrisgan). gverdi 140 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

 msxverplTan araefeqtiani komunikacia, rac, savaraudod, Searyevs lgbt Temis ndobas (mag.: ACCEPT-s 3-jer dasWirda policiasTan dakavSireba, raTa gaerkvia saqmesTan dakavSirebuli viTareba).  arsebobs mtkicebulebebi, rom arasaTanadod daigegma aRlumis monawileTa dacvaze mimarTuli zomebi, romlebic unda gatarebuliyo RonisZiebamde, RonisZiebis procesSi da mis Semdgom. msjelobisas, Tu risi gakeTeba SeiZleboda sxvagvarad, yuradReba gaamaxvileT Semdeg sakiTxebze:

 usafrTxoebis procedurebis ganxilva RonisZiebis dawyebamde, raTa monawileebi daculni iyvnen RonisZiebamde, RonisZiebis procesSi da mis Semdgom.  policiis treningis organizeba homofobiuri Tavdasxmebis msxverplTa sensitiur da efeqtian gamokiTxvaze.  mtkicebulebaTa ukeT Segroveba, TavdamsxmelTa mimarT potenciuri warmoebis miznebiT (SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod: es diskusia ar unda gadaizardos sagamoZiebo sakiTxebis detalur ganxilvaSi, rac warmodgenilia me-4 modulSi).  incidentis Semdeg msxverplTan komunikaciis gaumjobeseba.

dasarigebeli masala 5.3(a): adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos kazusis gacnoba: saqme M.C. and A.C. v. Romania am masalaSi treningis miznebisTvis ganxilulia saqme M.C. and A.C. v. Romania. saqmis detalurad gasacnobad, ewvieT sasamarTlos vebgverds: https://goo.gl/sHMXb4.

ra moxda 2006 wlis 3 ivniss ganmcxadeblebi monawileobdnen buqarestis yovelwliur gei aRlumSi. aRlumi organizebuli iyo arasamTavrobo organizacia ACCEPT-is mier, romlis miznebSic Sedis lgbt TemebisTvis informaciis miwodeba da daxmarebis gaweva. aRlumis usafrTxod Casatareblad, policiis Zalebi gamoiyo. ramdenime piri, romlebic aqtiurad gamoxatavdnen protests da gmobdnen geiebis msvlelobas, policiam SeaCera, gadauRo suraTebi, Seumowma piradobis damadasturebeli dokumentebi da CainiSna informacia. daaxloebiT saRamos 7 saaTze, rodesac aRlumi dasrulda, ganmcxadeblebma da oTxma monawilem datoves teritoria im marSrutiT da transportiT, romelic rekomendebuli iyo saxelisuflebo organoebis mxridan da asaxuli iyo aRlumis organizatoris mier momzadebul broSuraSi. imave broSuraSi mowodebuli rekomendaciis mixedviT, maT ar ecvaT gamorCeuli tansacmeli da ar hqondaT samkerde niSnebi, romlebic mianiSnebda maT monawileobaze aRlumSi. metros matarebelSi Casxdomis Semdeg, maT Tavs daesxa eqvsi axalgazrda kacisa da erTi qalisgan Semdgari jgufi, romlebsac kapiuSoniani sportuli qurTukebi ecvaT. Tavdamsxmelebi pirdapir dazaralebulebTan mividnen da dauwyes muS-

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tebiT da wixlebiT saxesa da TavSi cema. isini metros saxelurebze ekidebodnen da ise urtyamdnen wixlebs dazaralebulebs. Tavdasxmisas isini gamudmebiT yvirodnen: „Tqve geiebo, waeTrieT holandiaSi!“ (Poponarilor, duceţi-vă în Olanda!) maT dazaralebulebi vagonis kuTxeSi moimwyvdies. erT-erTma scada sxvebis dacva da gadaefara, magram meore ganmcxadebeli daucveli darCa da ramdenjerme daartyes. Tavdasxma, daaxloebiT, ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi gagrZelda. Tavdamsxmelebma vagonidan gasvlisas pirvel momCivans kidev erTxel Caartyes muSti saxeSi. Tavdasxmisas sxva mgzavrebi vagonis sawinaaRmdego mxares gadavidnen. maT Soris iyo fotografi, romelic aseve eswreboda aRlums. dazaralebulebma sTxoves, gadaeRo incidenti, rac man gaakeTa. Sedegad, Tavdamsxmelebma masac scemes.

policiis gamoZieba mogvianebiT, 2006 wlis 3 ivnisis RamiT, dazaralebulebma, maT Soris, ganmcxadeblebma da ACCEPT-is warmomadgenelma, policias mimarTes. maT TavdamsxmelTa winaaRmdeg sisxlis samarTlis saCivari Seitanes da ganacxades, rom incidenti msxverplTa seqsualuri orientaciis safuZvelze moxda; aseve, kidev erTxel daadastures, rom ar ecvaT da ekeTaT raime iseTi, rac naTlad miuTiTebda gei aRlumidan dabrunebaze. isini amtkicebdnen, rom Tavdamsxmelebma maTi identificireba aRlumis dros SeZles (radgan niRbebi ar ekeTaT), Semdeg ki aedevnen zianis misayeneblad; aseve, Seatyobines policias is Seuracxmyofeli SeniSvnebi, romlebic Tavdamsxmelebma gaakeTes incidentisas. ganmcxadebelTa Tanaxmad, policielebi gaocdnen, roca mixvdnen, rom dazaralebulebi, gei orientaciis miuxedavad, SeZlebuli adamianebi iyvnen, hqondaT regularuli samuSao da maRal Tanamdebobebs ikavebdnen. policiam scada maTi gadarwmuneba saCivris wardgenisgan da afrTxilebda, rom sasamarTloSi TavdamsxmelebTan pirispir Sexvedra mouwevdaT. policiis reorganizaciis gamo, saqmis masalebi erTi policiis ganyofilebidan meores gadaeca da 2007 wlis 4 aprils saqme metros policiaSi daregistrirda. ganmcxadeblebs iseTi STabeWdileba SeeqmnaT, rom saqmeze raime RonisZiebebi ar tardeboda. Sesabamisad, maT scades informaciis miReba gamoZiebis mimdinareobaze: kerZod, 2006 wlis 25 seqtembers, 2007 wlis 28 marts da 2011 wlis 20 ivliss ACCEPT-ma werilebiT mimarTa gamoZiebas. 2007 wlis 19 marts maT saCivari waradgines Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi, sadac acxadebdnen, rom saqmis efeqtiani gamoZieba ar Catarebula, Tumca uSedegod. 2011 wlis 9 agvistos, moTxovnaze pasuxad, metros policiam ganmcxadeblebs Seatyobina, rom ar hqonda ganzraxuli sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna (neînceperea urmăririi penale), radgan savaraudo danaSaulis xandazmulobis vada amowuruli iyo (s-a împlinit prescripţia specială). policiam ganmarta, rom gamoZieba gacilebiT rTuli aRmoCnda, radgan saqmis masalebi metros policias momxdaridan erTi wlis Semdeg gadaeca. garda amisa, policiis yvela qmedeba, romlebic miemarTeboda savaraudo damnaSaveebis dadgenisken, warumatebeli aRmoCnda. gverdi 142 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

2011 wlis 4 oqtombers prokuraturam buqarestis meoTxe olqis raionul sasamarTlos mimarTa policiis winadadebis damtkicebis TxovniT da sasamarTlom gamoZiebis Sewyvetis gadawyvetileba miiRo. gadawyvetileba pirvel ganmcxadebels saxlis misamarTze gaegzavna 2012 wlis 27 Tebervals. SekiTxvebi: ra gakeTda arasworad? risi gakeTeba SeiZleboda sxvagvarad?

5.3(b): pozitiuri urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba policiasa da lgbt Temebs Soris mniSvnelovani SeniSvna: yvela es idea SeiZleba ar Seesabamebodes yvela konteqsts da mniSvnelovania maTi morgeba konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT (mag.: SeiZleba policiaSi ar arsebobs lgbt asociacia an ar iyvnen policielebi, romlebic Riad acxadeben, rom geiebi arian. SesaZlebelia, am etapze mxolod SezRuduli raodenobis zomebi tardeba policiasa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobebis gasaumjobeseblad, magram Tundac patara nabijis gadadgma am mimarTulebiT SeiZleba mniSvnelovani miRweva aRmoCndes momavalSi policiisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis urTierTobebis gasaumjobeseblad.

pirveli nabiji: Sefaseba 1. am etapze monawileebi Seafaseben policiasa da lgbt Temebs Soris arsebul urTierTobebs. es erT-erTi rTuli nabijia, risTvisac Riaoba da gulaxdilobaa saWiro. Tu wina ori sesia kargad warimarTeba, maSin policiisa da lgbt Temis urTierTobaTa zusti da konstruqciuli Sefasebis Sansi ufro maRalia.

meore nabiji: dagegmva 2. sTxoveT monawileebs, gaecnon 5.3(b) dasarigebel masalas da SeaTanxmon ori nabiji mainc, romlebic SeiZleba gadaidgas uaxloes momavalSi.

mesame nabiji: ganxorcieleba 3. sTxoveT monawileebs, Camoayalibon, Tu vin da rogor ganaxorcielebs am zomebs. Tu monawileebi gamoavlenen barierebs, romlebic maTi kontrolis farglebs miRmaa (mag.: samarTlebrivi CarCos ararseboba, arasakmarisi politikuri mxardaWera), waaxaliseT gadalaxvis gzebis mosaZebnad da SeaxseneT, rom es sakiTxi momdevno modulSi kidev erTxel ganixileba.

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dasarigebeli masala 5.3(b): urTierTobebis gaumjobeseba policiasa da lgbt Tems Soris: zogierTi praqtikuli nabiji

daiwyeT mcirediT Tu es pirveli kontaqtia policiasa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs Soris, daiwyeT mcirediT (mag.: moawyveT araformaluri Sexvedra, raTa TiToeul mxares SeeZlos metis gageba meore mxaris muSaobasa da saqmianobaze da gamoavlineT TanamSromlobis SesaZlo gzebi).

iyaviT praqtikulebi da yuradReba gaamaxvileT urTierTsasargeblo aqtivobebze gansazRvreT orive mxaris sakontaqto pirebi da moamzadeT im zomebis mokle aRweriloba, romelTa ganxorcielebac SeuZliaT maT. SeaTanxmeT, ra saxiT SeuZliaT monawileoba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs policiis treningebSi; yuradReba gaamaxvileT organizaciis specializaciis sferoebze, maT Soris, msxverplTa daxmarebaze, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis zemoqmedebis gacnobierebasa da msxverplTa saWiroebebze. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs SeiZleba sakuTari xedva hqondeT lgbt jgufis mimarT mikerZoebulobis indikatorebze, romlebic aucilebelia gamoZiebisa da mtkicebulebaTa SegrovebisTvis. ewvieT erovnuli an adgilobrivi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis ofisebs, romlebic lgbt TemebTan muSaoben; aseve, geiebisadmi keTilganwyobil adgilobriv biznessubieqtebs (mag.: gei barebi da sxva socialuri adgilebi). winaswar dagegmeT viziti; xazgasmiT aRniSneT, rom dainteresebuli xarT imis gagebiT, Tu rogor midis saqmianoba da romeli sakiTxebi iwvevs Temis SeSfoTebas. sTxoveT Sexvedra im konkretul incidentebze sasaubrod, romlebic maT gadaxdaT, aseve, mosazrebebis gasaziareblad msgavsi SemTxvevebis gazrdasa Tu Semcirebaze. sTxoveT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs wvlilis Setana policiisTvis saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebis an protokolebis SemuSavebaSi. es SesaniSnavi gzaa aRniSnuli dokumentebis Sesabamisobisa da xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad da xels Seuwyobs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis zegavlenis ukeT gacnobierebas da mikerZoebuli damokidebulebis indikatorTa SemuSavebas axali perspeqtividan.

SeinarCuneT regularuli kontaqti regularuli TanamSromloba uaRresad mniSvnelovania im urTierTobebis gasamyareblad, romlebic Zalian sasargeblo iqneba seriozuli gamowvevebis SemTxvevaSi (ix. qvemoT).

daelaparakeT konkretuli, sensitiuri an gaxmaurebuli incidentebis SemTxvevaSi Secdomebi xdeba da saWiroa daskvnebis gamotana maTze dayrdnobiT. Tavidan aicileT urTierTobebis gawyveta rTuli incidentebis SemTxvevaSi (mag.: Zagverdi 144 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

ladoba Temis Sekrebis adgilas, policiis araefeqtiani qmedebebi an policiis mxridan Zaladoba). SeinarCuneT komunikaciis arxebi, Tundac daZabuloba warmoiSvas konkretul incidentebTan dakavSirebiT. gaiTvaliswineT araformaluri Sexvedrebis SesaZlebloba, sadac incidentebs ganixilavT ndobis atmosferoSi; SeTanxmdiT, rom presa ar CaerTveba am procesSi. imuSaveT samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan, romlebic dazaralebulebs an ojaxebs exmarebian konkretul incidentTan dakavSirebiT.

efeqtianad gamoiyeneT Tqveni miRwevebi momavali urTierTobebis Camosayalibeblad Tundac mcirediT daiwyoT, yovelTvis eZebeT SesaZleblobebi CarTulobis gasaumjobeseblad. SesaZlebelia, sakontaqto pirebis sistema kargad muSaobs da dadga dro, rom ufro mWidrod iTanamSromloT incidentebisa da maTze reagirebis gansaxilvelad; SeiZleba mzad xarT, monacemTa an informaciis anonimurad gaziarebis gansaxilvelad an SeZloT molaparakeba msxverplTa referirebis sistemaze.

am samuSaoebisTvis sakmarisi resursebi gamoyaviT miuxedavad imisa, rom samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis muSaoba monitoringisa da msxverplTa mxardaWeris mimarTulebiT uaRresad mniSvnelovania, xSirad maT sakmarisi resursebi ar aqvT am samuSaoebis gansaxorcieleblad. sadac SesaZlebelia, policiam finansuri resursebi unda moiZios im samuSaosTvis, romlis Sedegebsac policia eyrdnoba.

naTlad CamoayalibeT, risi miRweva SeiZleba orive mxridan samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizacia ver uzrunvelyofs garantias, rom dazaralebuli danaSauls policias Seatyobinebs an sisxlis samarTlis procesSi miiRebs monawileobas. analogiurad, policia ver mogcems garantias, rom prokuratura savaraudo damnaSaves brals wauyenebs.

V moduli: samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba (CSOs)

â&#x2013;ş gverdi 145

ufro farTo midgoma: Tqvens konteqstSi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebis rukis Sedgena: politikis CarCo winapirobebi da mizanSewoniloba treningi mniSvnelovnad gazrdis policiis SesaZleblobebs, rom efeqtianad gamoiZios lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli, Tumca es am danaSaulTan brZolis yovlismomcveli midgomis mxolod erT-erTi aspeqtia (mag.: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis kanonmdebloba SeiZleba iTvaliswinebdes mxolod seqsualur orientacias da ara genderul identobas, rac arTulebs transfobiuri siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis gamoZiebas da damnaSaveTa dasjas). SesaZlebelia: aRricxvis formebi ar aZlevdes policias lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis yvela aspeqtis dafiqsirebis saSualebas da, Sedegad, mniSvnelovani informacia, romlis gamovlenac policias amJamad SeuZlia, ubralod gaqres, ar aisaxos oficialur statistikaSi; am saswavlo sesiaze ganxiluli sagamoZiebo procedurebi ar aisaxos oficialur oqmebsa da saxelmZRvanelo principebSi; prokuraturam ar gaiaros igive treningi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulis sakiTxebze, Sesabamisad, naklebi informacia hqondes mtkicebulebebze, romlebic am danaSaulebSi diskriminaciul motivacias daadasturebs. SesaZloa, treningis monawileebma sesiis Sedegad gamoavlines es da sxva barierebi sagamoZiebo praqtikis gaumjobesebis da lgbt msxverplTa mxardaWeris TvalsazrisiT. savarjiSos mizania monawileTa daxmareba am sakiTxebis Camoyalibebasa da gadaWris gzebis dasaxvaSi. mizanSewonilia, policiis xelmZRvaneli pirebi da Sesabamisi saministroebis warmomadgenlebi daeswron am sesias; Zalian sasargeblo iqneboda samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelTa monawileobac. es xels Seuwyobs mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis ukeT gacnobierebasa da gadawyvetilebaTa miRebas gaumjobesebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb. am modulis farglebSi monawileebma unda Seadginon erovnuli konteqstis ruka, siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisadmi yovlismomcveli midgomisaTvis saWiro ZiriTadi elementebis gaTvaliswinebiT. esenia: gverdi 146 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

 samarTlebrivi CarCo: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis kanonmdebloba seqsualur orientaciasa da genderul identobas dacul kategoriebad gansazRvravs?  siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRricxvis CarCo da sistema: moicavs policiis danaSaulis aRricxvis formebis saWiro mosaniSn velebs, sadac SesaZlebelia lgbt pirTa mimarT Seuwynarebeli damokidebulebis indikatorebis, mtkicebulebebis, motivisa da msxverplis aRqmis miTiTeba?  saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi da instruqciebi: mkafio instruqciebi aqvs policias lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebaze, msxverplTa daxmarebasa da prokurorebTan TanamSromlobaze saqmis warmatebulad momzadebisaTvis?  treningi: tardeba policiisTvis regularuli treningebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebis sakiTxebze? policiis yvela danayofisTvis xelmisawvdomia isini?  mxardaWeris servisebi: arsebobs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplTa mxardaWeris servisebi? xelmisawvdomia isini lgbt pirebisTvis? mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom arc erT qveyanas srulad ar ganuxorcielebia siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulisadmi yovlismomcveli midgomis zemoaRwerili elementebi. aqedan gamomdinare, savaraudod, es savarjiSo gamoavlens ganxorcielebis mxriv arsebul mniSvnelovan xarvezebs. misi mizania, monawileebma daadginon erT an met sferoSi arsebuli naklovanebebi da praqtikuli nabijebi dasaxon maT aRmosafxvrelad (rac, Tavis mxriv, kargi Sansia erovnul doneze viTarebis konstruqciuli gaumjobesebisaTvis).

swavlebis Sedegebi am sesiis Sedegad, monawileebi:

 naTlad gaiazreben erovnul doneze siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis konteqsts (kanoni, monacemebi, politika, treningi da a.S.) da SeZleben arsebuli xarvezebis gamovlenas;  daadgenen treningis procesSi SeZenili gamocdilebis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis barierebs da dasaxaven maTi aRmofxvris zomebs.

aqtivobebis mimoxilva  6.1 xarvezebis gamovlena;  6.2 zomebis gatareba.

ufro farTo midgoma: Tqvens konteqstSi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebis rukis Sedgena ► gverdi 147

6.1: xarvezebis gamovlena 1. treningis sesiis dawyebamde, amobeWdeT qvemoT mocemuli furceli. gaakeTeT ramdenime asli. gamoWeriT terminebi da gaamzadeT treningis sesiisTvis.

sakanonmdeblo CarCo

saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi da instruqciebi

siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRricxvis CarCo

treningi

mxardaWeris servisebi

sxva

2. aiReT flipCartis furceli da asaxeT masze 6.1 dasarigebel masalaSi miTiTebuli cxrili. moamzadeT TiToeuli monawilisTvis am cxrilis aslebi, raTa savarjiSos mimdinareobisas SeniSvnebi Caiweron. 3. moiwvieT monawileebi sesiaze da auxseniT, rom sesiis mizania erovnuli konteqstis rukis SemuSaveba treningze miRebuli codnisa da arsebuli gamocdilebis gamoyenebiT. 4. ganmarteT (magaliTis gamoyenebiT), rom TiToeulma monawilem unda waikiTxos is, rac mis furcelze weria, da Seafasos erovnuli konteqsti am terminTan dakavSirebiT (mag.: ganixileT termini „sakanonmdeblo CarCo“ da gauziareT monawileebs Tqveni Sefaseba, ra xarvezebi arsebobs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis sakanonmdeblo CarCoSi). axseniT, rom jgufSi SeiZleba sxvasac Sexvdes igive termini. es niSnavs, rom meore pirma unda daamatos Semdgomi detalebi an informacia, romelic pirvel monawiles gamorCa. gverdi 148 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

5. monawileebi dayaviT mcire jgufebad, Tqveni Sexedulebisamebr (SesaZlebelia, mizanSewonilad miiCnioT am aqtivobis erT did jgufSi ganxorcieleba). daurigeT monawileebs patara furclebi (zemoT miTiTebuli diagrama) da darwmundiT, rom TiToeul maTgans aqvs aseTi furceli. Tu monawileebs patara jgufebad gadaanawilebT, darwmundiT, rom TiToeul jgufs aqvs yvela terminis wyeba. 6. gaamaxvileT monawileTa yuradReba did sqemaze (Tu erTze meti jgufi gyavT, ganumarteT, rom es sqema unda Seqmnan, rodesac aqtivoba daiwyeba). gaiareT terminebi, raTa darwmundeT, rom yvelas esmis isini. hkiTxeT monawileebs, xom ar surT romelime terminis damateba. isaubreT amaze jgufTan erTad da SeaTanxmeT, unda daamatoT Tu ara terminebi. 7. uTxariT monawileebs, rom es maTi Sansia: (a) gamoavlinon, ra unda gakeTdes treningze SeZenili codnis praqtikaSi gamosayeneblad (aq ar arsebobs swori an araswori pasuxi); da (b) Seadginon ruka, sadac aisaxeba, Tu ra ician da ra unda gakeTdes. 8. uTxariT monawileebs, rom bolo sveti carieli unda darCes; ganumarteT, rom mas momdevno sesiis ganmavlobaSi SeavsebT. 9. mieciT monawileebs 20-25 wuTi am sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad da cxrilis Sesavsebad. 10. Tu monawileebi manamde dayaviT, isev gaaerTianeT erT jgufad. 11. TiToeul gunds sTxoveT gaziareba, Tu raze SeTanxmdnen TavianT jgufSi. xeli SeuwyveT mokle diskusias, raTa SeajeroT jgufis Sefaseba da daamatoT jgufur diskusiaSi gamovlenili sakiTxebi. SeecadeT, miaRwioT SeTanxmebas TiToeul kategoriasTan dakavSirebiT. 12. waaxaliseT monawileebi, rom SemuSavebuli cxrili CainiSnon (es SeiZleba gakeTdes fotos gadaRebis an cxrilis qaRaldze gadaweris gziT).

6.2: zomebis gatareba 1. am sesiiT me-6 moduli sruldeba. daiwyeT imis ganmartebiT, rom sesiis mizania konkretuli da konstruqciuli qmedebebis gansazRvra, romlebic gaaumjobesebs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis yovlismomcveli midgomis elementTa srulad ganxorcielebas. xazi gausviT, rom zogierTi aqtivoba scdeba monawileTa mandats an kompetencias, Tumca aq Sesrulebuli samuSao SeiZleba mniSvnelovani iyos xelmZRvanelobisTvis, saministroebisa da sxva mxareebisTvis. amavdroulad, xazi gausviT, rom yovlismomcveli midgomis erTi romelime elementis (mag.: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba) ararseboba ar niSnavs, rom zomebi ar unda gatardes. 2. daiwyeT diskusia jgufTan da ganixileT TiToeuli elementi. monawileTa raodenobidan gamomdinare, SegiZliaT es samuSao mcire jgufebSi SeasruloT. miznad daisaxeT gansaxorcielebeli qmedebebis swrafad ganxilva da waaqezeT

ufro farTo midgoma: Tqvens konteqstSi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebis rukis Sedgena â&#x2013;ş gverdi 149

monawileebi iseTi qmedebebis gamosavlenad, romelTa ganxorcielebac Tavad SeuZliaT. Tu xelmZRvanelobis an xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi eswrebian sesias, waaxaliseT isini, rom monawileoba miiRon aqtivobaSi da garkveuli (Tundac mcire) qmedebebis valdebuleba ikisron. 3. daasruleT aqtivoba imis ganmartebiT, rom sqema SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos safuZvlad erovnul doneze samoqmedo gegmis SemuSavebisTvis. waaxaliseT monawileebi, rom erTad daubrundnen sqemas progresze monitoringis an cvlilebebis Setanis mizniT, raTa igi aqtualuri darCes. madloba gadauxadeT monawileebs aqtivobaSi monawileobisTvis. xazi gausviT, rom es bevri qveynis policiisTvis SeiZleba rTuli iyos, Tumca mniSvnelovani nabijia progresis misaRwevad.

dasarigebeli masala

dasarigebeli masala 6.1: xarvezebis gamovlena sfero

Sefaseba

sakiTxebi

qmedebebi

ra barierebi arsebobs amis miRwevis mxriv?

ra zomebis gatarebaa SesaZlebeli amJamad? vin unda gaataros isini?

sakanonmdeblo CarCo siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis kanonmdebloba seqsualur orientaciasa da genderul identobas dacul safuZvlebad gansazRvravs? saxelmZRvanelo miTiTebebi da instruqciebi

mkafio instruqciebi aqvs policias lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebaze, msxverplTa daxmarebasa da prokurorebTan TanamSromlobaze saqmis warmatebulad momzadebisaTvis?

gverdi 150 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRricxvis CarCo

moicavs policiis danaSaulis aRricxvis formebi saWiro mosaniSn velebs, sadac SesaZlebelia lgbt pirTa mimarT Seuwynarebeli damokidebulebis indikatorebis, mtkicebulebebis, motivisa da msxverplis aRqmis miTiTeba? tardeba policiisTvis regularuli treningebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebis sakiTxebze? policiis yvela danayofisTvis xelmisawvdomia isini? arsebobs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplTa mxardaWeris servisebi? xelmisawvdomia isini lgbt pirebisTvis?

sxva

Sefaseba treningamde da treningis Semdgomi Sefaseba monawileebTan erTad.

ufro farTo midgoma: Tqvens konteqstSi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZiebis rukis Sedgena â&#x2013;ş gverdi 151

danarTi 1: dRis wesrigebis nimuSebi erT da ordRiani treningebisTvis am danarTSi asaxulia dRis wesrigis nimuSebi erT da ordRiani treningisTvis. ZiriTadi saswavlo Sedegebis misaRwevad sakmarisi drois gamoyofisa da saTanado CarTulobisaTvis, rekomendebulia xelmZRvaneloba ordRiani treningis dRis wesrigiT. adgilobrivi konteqstisTvis yvelaze Sesaferisi modulebisa da aqtivobebis SesarCevad, rekomendebulia, trenerebi dRis wesrigis saboloo saxiT SemuSavebamde gaecnon winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos. gTxovT, guldasmiT waikiTxoT saxelmZRvaneloSi asaxuli SeniSvnebi da miTiTebebi, treningis TiToeuli nawilis Sesabamisad. isini aucilebel informacias da detalur ganmartebebs Seicavs mosamzadebel samuSaoebze, romlebic unda Catardes treningis dawyebamde.

gverdi 152 â&#x2013;ş sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

sapolicio zomebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis profesiuli reagirebis Sesaxeb ordRiani treningis dRis wesrigi 9.15-9.30 Sesavali da treningis mimoxilva monawileebi waradgenen Tavs da gaaziareben informacias treningTan dakavSirebul molodinebze. treneri mimoixilavs treningis miznebs da Sinaarss. 9.30-11.15 ratom SevikribeT aq? es aqtivobebi amzadebs safuZvels treningis Casatareblad. pirveli aqtivoba moicavs policiis xelmZRvaneli piris mimarTvas, sadac igi saubrobs treningTan dakavSirebul molodinebsa da treningis Catarebaze. meore aqtivoba moicavs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciis warmomadgenlis mimarTvas, romelic muSaobs lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplTan, da ganmartavs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis bunebas da zegavlenas. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 1.1: policiis xelmZRvaneli piris mimarTva da yuradRebis gamaxvileba treningTan dakavSirebul molodinebze.  aqtivoba 1.2: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis bunebisa da zegavlenis mimoxilva erovnuli/adgilobrivi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciis warmomadgenlis mier.  aqtivoba 1.3: viTareba lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis TvalsazrisiT. 11.15-11.30 yavis Sesveneba 11.30-13.00 ZiriTadi cnebebi: vin arian lesboselebi, geiebi, transgenderebi da interseqsi pirebi da ra aris siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli? am aqtivobaSi ganxilulia jgufebi, romlebzec zegavlenas axdens lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli; aseve, mimoxilulia siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli saerTaSoriso da erovnul konteqstSi. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 2.1: lgbt TemTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi terminologiis gageba. kursis fasilitatoris mier warmodgenili prezentacia plenarul sesiaze (30 wuTi).  aqtivoba 2.5: ra aris siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli? prezentacia da jgufuri diskusia.  aqtivoba 2.6: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis TvalsazrisiT arsebuli erovnuli konteqstis gamovlena (aseve, gaecaniT nawils „ufro farTo qmedebebis gatareba“, sadac SedarebiT meti magaliTia moyvanili erovnuli konteqstis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT). 13.00-13.45 sadili 13.45-14.45 danaSaulis arasakmarisad gacxadebis problemis gacnobiereba

danarTi 1: dRis wesrigebis nimuSebi erTi da ordRiani treningebisTvis ► gverdi 153

mocemuli aqtivoba monawileebs exmareba imis gagebaSi, Tu ratom ar acxadeben lgbt pirebi maT mimarT Cadenili siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 3.2: konkretuli barierebis gamovlena, romelTa gamoc lgbt Temebi ar acxadeben siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls; FRA angariSis wakiTxva. 14.45-15.45 adamianis uflebebi da policiis oficris roli am aqtivobis farglebSi ganxilulia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos sakvanZo gadawyvetilebebi da misadagebulia policiis oficrebis rolTan, romlebic lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls iZieben. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 3.3: evropis sabWos ZiriTadi standartebis, adamianis uflebaTa sxva standartebisa da erovnuli standartebis gacnoba lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb. 15.45-16.00 yavis Sesveneba 16.00-17.30 siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba es aqtivobebi exmareba monawileebs, rom gaiazron lgbt pirTa mimarT Cadenili siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis efeqtiani gamoZieba da msxverplze orientirebuli midgomis gamoyenebis mniSvneloba. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 4.2(a): lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba: msxverplze orientirebuli midgoma (30 wuTi);  aqtivoba 4.2(b): lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba: msxverplze orientirebuli midgoma. meore dRe 9.00-9.15 misalmeba, pirveli dRis mimoxilva da meore dRis wardgena 9.15-11.30 (yavis Sesvenebis Casma) mtkicebulebebis Segroveba es aqtivobebi exmareba monawileebs lgbt pirTa mimarT mikerZoebuli damokidebulebis ZiriTadi indikatorebis gagebaSi da am mtkicebulebaTa gamoyenebaSi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis warmatebulad gamoZiebisTvis. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 4.4: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: mikerZoebuli damokidebulebis indikatorebi _ mikerZoebuli SerCevis/motivis damtkiceba.  aqtivoba 4.5: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: mikerZoebuli damokidebulebis indikatorebi _ lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis gamovlena. (rekomendebulia, monawileebs miewodoT dasarigebeli masala 5.1). 11.30-12.30 lgbt Temebis mxardaWera: policiis efeqtiani reagireba gverdi 154 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

mocemuli aqtivoba iTvaliswinebs praqtikuli magaliTebis Seswavlas imis gasacnobad, Tu rogor unda moxdes konkretul incidentebze reagireba sensitiuri gziT. igi interaqtiulia da stereotipebis sensitiuri da praqtikuli gziT Seswavlis saSualebas iZleva. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 4.7: lgbt Temebis mxardaWera: policiis efeqtiani reagireba 12.30-13.30 sadili 13.30-14.45 samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba es aqtivoba iyenebs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos sakvanZo gadawyvetilebebs Semdegi aspeqtebis Sesaswavlad: rogor SeuZliaT TanamSromloba policiasa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebs gei Temebis RonisZiebebTan dakavSirebuli sapolicio zomebis efeqtianad gatarebisa da Sekrebis uflebis diskriminaciis gareSe uzrunvelyofisaTvis.

 aqtivoba 5.1: vin arian samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebi (CSO) da rogor SeuZliaT maT daxmareba?  aqtivoba 5.2: „maT adgilze yofna: ra unda gavakeToT da risi gakeTeba SegviZlia?“ 14.45-15.00 yavis Sesveneba 15.00-16.30 samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba (gagrZeleba) es aqtivobebi exmareba monawileebs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebTan partniorobaSi, aseve, garkveuli nabijebis gansazRvrasa da ganxorcielebaSi, raTa gaumjobesdes msxverplTa mxardaWera da siZulviliT motivirebul danaSaulze monitoringi. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 5.3: TemebTan efeqtiani urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba. 16.30-17.00 treningis daxurva da Sefaseba am sesiis ganmavlobaSi treneri asrulebs trenings da sTxovs monawileebs, Seavson Sefasebis furceli. sapolicio zomebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb erTdRiani treningis dRis wesrigi SeniSvna trenerTa sayuradRebod: erTdRiani treningis ganmavlobaSi yuradRebis gamaxvileba SesaZlebelia lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRkveTaze mimarTuli sapolicio zomebis mxolod ZiriTad aspeqtebze. drois simciris gamo, am informaciis gaziareba SesaZlebeli iqneba mxolod prezentaciebis formatSi da ara jgufuri samuSaoebis gziT. Sedegad, CarTuloba _ swavlebis erT-erTi yvelaze efeqtiani teqnika _ ufro SezRudulad moxerxdeba. Sesabamisad, sasurvelia, treningi ordRiani mainc iyos.

danarTi 1: dRis wesrigebis nimuSebi erTi da ordRiani treningebisTvis ► gverdi 155

9.15-9.30 Sesavali da treningis mimoxilva monawileebi waradgenen Tavs da gaaziareben informacias treningTan dakavSirebuli molodinebis Sesaxeb. treneri mimoixilavs treningis miznebsa da Sinaarss. 9.30-11.00 ratom SevikribeT aq? es aqtivobebi amzadebs safuZvels treningis Casatareblad. pirveli aqtivoba moicavs policiis xelmZRvaneli piris mimarTvas, romelSic is saubrobs treningTan dakavSirebul molodinebsa da treningis Catarebaze. meore aqtivoba moicavs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciis warmomadgenlis mimarTvas, romelic muSaobs lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis msxverplTan, da ganmartavs siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis bunebasa da zegavlenas. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 1.1: policiis xelmZRvaneli piris mimarTva da yuradRebis gamaxvileba treningTan dakavSirebul molodinebze.  aqtivoba 1.2: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis bunebisa da zegavlenis mimoxilva erovnuli/adgilobrivi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciis warmomadgenlis mier.  aqtivoba 1.3: viTareba lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis TvalsazrisiT. 11.00-11.30 yavis Sesveneba 11.30-13.00 ZiriTadi cnebebi: vin arian lesboselebi, geiebi, transgenderebi da interseqsi pirebi da ra aris siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli? am aqtivobaSi ganxilulia jgufebi, romlebic lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis zegavlenas ganicdian; aseve, mimoxilulia siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli saerTaSoriso da erovnul konteqstSi. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 2.1: lgbt TemTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi terminologiis gageba.  aqtivoba 2.5: ra aris siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSauli?  aqtivoba 2.6: siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis TvalsazrisiT arsebuli erovnuli konteqstis gamovlena (aseve, gaecaniT nawils „ufro farTo qmedebebis gatareba“, sadac SedarebiT meti magaliTia moyvanili erovnuli konteqstis gansazRvrasTan dakavSirebiT). 13.00-13.45 sadili 13.45-14.45 adamianis uflebebi da policiis oficris roli am aqtivobis farglebSi ganxilulia adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos sakvanZo gadawyvetilebebi da misadagebulia policiis oficrebis rolTan, romlebic lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebul danaSauls iZieben.

gverdi 156 ► sapolicio RonisZiebebi lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis aRsakveTad: treningi policiis reagirebis Sesaxeb

aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 3.3: evropis sabWos ZiriTadi standartebis, adamianis uflebaTa sxva standartebisa da erovnuli standartebis gacnoba lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis Sesaxeb. 14.45-15.45 siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba es aqtivobebi monawileebs exmareba, rom gaiazron lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis efeqtiani gamoZieba da msxverplze orientirebuli midgomis gamoyenebis mniSvneloba. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 4.2(a): lgbt pirTa mimarT Cadenili siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba: msxverplze orientirebuli midgoma  aqtivoba 4.2(b): lgbt pirTa mimarT Cadenili siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis gamoZieba: msxverplze orientirebuli midgoma 15.45-16.00 yavis Sesveneba 16.00-17.00 mtkicebulebebis Segroveba es aqtivobebi exmareba monawileebs lgbt pirTa mimarT mikerZoebuli damokidebulebis ZiriTadi indikatorebis gagebaSi, aseve am mtkicebulebaTa gamoyenebaSi siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulis warmatebulad gamoZiebisTvis. aqtivobebis CamonaTvali:

 aqtivoba 4.4: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: mikerZoebuli damokidebulebis indikatorebi _ mikerZoebuli SerCevis/motivis damtkiceba.  aqtivoba 4.5: mtkicebulebebis Segroveba: mikerZoebuli damokidebulebis indikatorebi _ lgbt pirTa mimarT siZulviliT motivirebuli danaSaulebis gamovlena. (rekomendebulia, monawileebs miewodoT dasarigebeli masala 5.1). 17.00-17.15 daxurva da Sefaseba am sesiiT treneri asrulebs trenings da monawileebs sTxovs Sefasebis furclis Sevsebas.

danarTi 1: dRis wesrigebis nimuSebi erTi da ordRiani treningebisTvis ► gverdi 157

PREMS 125618

პოლიცია იმყოფება სისხლის სამართლის მართლმსაჯუ ლების სისტემის წინა ხაზზე და წარმოადგენს პირველ საკონტაქტო უწყებას სიძულვილით მოტივირებული დანა შაულის მსხვერპლთათვის. წინამდებარე სახელმძღვანელო შექმნილია პოლიციის ტრენერების, გამომძიებლების, მენე ჯერების, სიძულვილით მოტივირებულ დანაშაულთან მებრ ძოლი ოფიცრების და წინა ხაზზე მყოფი პოლიციელები სათვის, რომლებიც მუშაობენ სხვადასხვა ქვეყნებში, ევროპის საბჭოს რეგიონის მასშტაბით. სახელმძღვანელოს მიზანია, აღნიშნულ პირებს დაეხმაროს ლგბტი ადამიანების მიმართ ჩადენილი სიძულვილით მოტივირებული დანაშაულების იდენტიფიცირებისა და გამოძიებისათვის საჭირო უნარების განვითარებაში.

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ევროპის საბჭო არის ადამიანის უფლებათა მოწინავე ორგანიზაცია კონტინენტზე. იგი 47 წევრი სახელმწიფოსგან შედგება, რომელთა შორისაა ევროპის კავშირის ყველა წევრი. ევროპის საბჭოს ყველა წევრმა სახელმწიფომ ხელი მოაწერა ადამიანის უფლებათა ევროპულ კონვენციას - ხელშეკრულებას, რომელიც გამიზნულია ადამიანის უფლებების, დემოკრატიისა და კანონის უზენაესობის დასაცავად. ადამიანის უფლებათა ევროპული სასამართლო ზედამხედველობს კონვენციის შესრულებას წევრ სახელმწიფოებში.