portfolio_behrends by Seth

PORTFOLIO | Seth S. Behrends

1 | PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE The following is a representative sample of my professional experience as an Architectural Designer. Since March 2011 I have worked with Ballinger in Philadelphia on a variety of Academic and Healthcare projects. Ballinger is among the industry leaders in Science, Technology & Healthcare facilities earning R&D Magazine’s 2012 “Laboratory of Year” for the Wisconsin Institute of Discvery at the University of Wisconsin. I began my design career with Kallmann McKinnell and Wood Architects in Boston, MA. KMW is an internationally recognized practice and former AIA Firm of the Year recipient specializing in full architectural services for a wide range of Academic, Institutional, and Commercial clients. My relationship with KMW spanned over four years from 2006-2010 working through summer and winter recesses in my academic schedule. I initiated my IDP record with KMW and have since accumulated experience in all phases of architectural practice. I have completed the NCARB Licensing Examinations and anticipate fulﬁlling my IDP credits and earning my Architectural License by Winter/Spring 2014.

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Undergraduate Teaching Laboratories (2013) Johns Hopkins University - Baltimore, MD Brian Smiley - Project Architect bsmiley@ballinger-ae.com | 215.446.0626

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Heath Sciences Library Renovation (In Design) University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI Eva Lew - Project Manager elew@ballinger-ae.com | 215.446.0502

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Spruce Peak Performing Art Center (2011) Stowe, VT Bruce Wood - Design Principal bwood@kmwarch.com | 617.267.0808 PTD. STANDING SEAM METAL ROOF

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Wyoming College of Business University of Wyoming - Laramie, WY 2010 Timothy Scarlett - Project Manager tscarlett@kmwarch.com | 617.267.0808 CEMENT FIBERBOARD

ASPHALT SHINGLES CEDAR SHINGLES

PTD. METAL ROOF EDGE

PTD. STANDING SEAM METAL ROOF

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Michigan Stadium Facade Renovation University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, MI 2010 Michael McKinnell - Design Principal | 617.267.0808 STONE BASE

Performing Arts Center Kallmann McKinnel & Wood Architects January 22, 2009

1.1 | UNDERGRADUATE TEACHING LABORATORIES Johns Hopkins University | Baltimore, Maryland Completed: Design Scope: Project Size: Primary Role:

July 2013 Construction Documents, Construction Administration 105,000 gsf | $65M Architectural Design Intern - Site/Foundations, Lab Planning, C.A.

My first project with Ballinger, I joined the firm and design team at the beginning of Construction Documents. My served a diverse role within the team from foundation waterproofing details (including a small extensive green roof system) to researching fumehood and lab casework manufacturers. I was heavily involved in MEP coordination in Documenting owner-supplied equipment, Control Plans and the Lab Fit-out Plans. My tenure on the project continued on a full-time basis through the Construction Administration phase in tandem with the Project Architect Brian Smiley. My responsibilities included regular phone/e-mail correspondence with the CM, drafting RFI responses and Supplemental Drawings, Shop Drawing review, site observation and continued coordination with our in-house engineering team. The completed facility represents a new standard in Sustainability on campus boasting an estimated 65% reduction in energy consumption over existing facilities. Each Lab opens to a 12â&#x20AC;&#x2122; high clear view over rainwater filtration ponds to the existing wooded hillside North of the site. The project is tracking on target and anticipated to achieve LEED Gold Certification.

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PROTECT EXISTING TREES

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INSULATED LOW-E GLAZED CURTAINWALL SYSTEM

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MICROBIORETENTION PONDS - RAINWATER MITIGATION

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HIGH EFFICIENCY HVAC SYSTEM WITH ENERGY RECOVERY WHEELS

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MINIMIZE GLAZING AT SOUTH FACADE

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GREEN ROOF

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN FEATURES LEED Gold Pending

SECTION DETAIL: Green Roof Waterproofing

SECTION: Green Roof Assembly

SECTION: Microbioretention Ponds

PLAN DETAILS: Rain Water Leader @ Corner

LAB CASEWORK: Table Mockup

SECTION DETAIL: Handrail

SECTION: Lobby Stair

SECTION: Existing Lobby Renovation

1.2 | TAUBMAN HEALTH SCIENCES LIBRARY University of Michigan | Ann Arbor, Michigan Completed: Design Scope: Project Size: Primary Role:

In Design Renovation - Design Development, Construction Documents 111,000 gsf | $33.3M Architectural Design Intern - Interiors, Clinical SImulation, Library

Ballinger in Partnership with TMP Architects is currently engaged in the production of Construction Documents for the renovation of an existing Library and Clinical Skills Facility for the School of Health Sciences. The scope of work includes a full interior fitout, facade redesign, and code compliance of the original building completed in 1981. My role through Design Development and Construction Documents has focused on the Interior Architecture: developing, representing & detailing Interior Elevations, Millwork, RCPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and coordination of MEP, A/V, and Lighting Engineers and Consultant Teams. All Drawings by Author

SECTION : Library Feature Wall

CEILING DETAIL: Glazed Partition

CEILING DETAIL: Light Cove

PLAN DETAIL: Glazing Jamb

PLAN DETAIL: Alcove

PLAN DETAIL: Jamb

PLAN DETAIL: Video Alcove

SECTION DETAIL: Circulation Desk

SECTION DETAIL: Transaction Counter

ELEVATION: Circulation Desk

Collaboration Lab: Conference/Presentation

Collaboration Lab: Small Group/Breakout

CLIENT PRESENTATION DIAGRAM: Interior Glazing

1.3 | SPRUCE PEAK PERFORMING ARTS CENTER Stowe, Vermont Completed: Design Scope: Project Size: Primary Role:

2011 Construction Documents 13,000 gsf | $7.5M AutoCAD Draftsman and Intern Architect

This 400-seat performing arts center represents an important public amenity in the development of the Spruce Peak resort community. The architecture of the development is based on a set of design guidelines and design review dictating large sheltering roofs, heavy timber structure, wood cladding, granite bases, iron details and a palette of browns, greens and grays. Regional materials including eastern red cedar cladding, New Hampshire granite bases, and Vermont slate floors were specified wherever possible. The auditorium features a full tension grid over the stage, a lighting catwalk and rear equipment/sound room. Sliding panels at the stage allow for a proscenium condition when required as well as a full open dimension for larger scale performances. I entered the project during the construction document phase of design and served as one of two draftsman on a team led by Senior Principal Bruce Wood. My primary responsibilities included the development of building sections and elevations, interior elevations, interior details, and stair details. I was also asked to complete a series of orthographic and perspective renderings. Upon completion of construction documents I assisted in construction administration before returning to MIT to complete my graduate thesis. All drawings by author.

1.4 | WYOMING COLLEGE OF BUSINESS University of Wyoming - Laramie, Wyoming

Completed: 2010 Design Scope: Schematic Design & Design Development Project Size: 159,000 gsf | $44.3M Primary Role: AutoCAD Draftsman and Intern Architect LEED GOLD Certification Pending Located on a prominent site in the center of the campus this project proposes a new addition, along with renovation of the existing College of Business. One of the key design concepts was the creation of a strong North-South axis that will serve to strengthen the connection between “old and new” precints of the campus. The program components of the new building are arranged around a generous central atrium that introduces natural light into the interior classrooms and offices while serving as a forum for the exchange of ideas and discussions in an atmosphere of collaboration. The building program features: Mutimedia and Open Labs, a Trading Room, a tiered 150 seat classroom, and a Dean’s suite. The project is designed to LEED Gold standards pending certification upon completion in Spring 2010. In June of 2006 I served on a design team led by Senior Principal Bruno Pfister while on recess from my MArch studies at MIT. I was responsible for developing the building sections and typical bay drawings during the schematic design phase of the project. The following summer I was asked to return to KMW and serve on the design development team. My responsibilities expanded to include a larger portion of the drawing set, 3d modeling several of the more complex spatial conditions in the building, coordinating with MEP, structural, and sustainability consultants, and the development of the atrium skylight system.

1.5 | MICHIGAN STADIUM RENOVATION University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Michigan Completed: Design Scope: Project Size: Project Role:

2010 Schematic Design - Facade $226M Model Maker

Kallmann McKinnell & Wood Architects teamed with HNTB in the renovation and expansion of the University of Michigan Football Stadium. KMWâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s primary contributions involved facade design and development of an architectural character representative of the tradition and significance of this storied program. The renovation included new elevated concourses with added restroom and concession facilities, new press box for media and game operations, 85 enclosed suites, expanded ADA seating provisions, circulation cores at the four corners of the complex, and expanded generally seating to over 108,000 seats. Working closely with founding principal Michael McKinnell I developed a series of models and fragments at several scales that served as studies throughout the design process. Study models were then refined and details added for client presentations. The project is scheduled for completion prior to the 2010 season.

Models and photos by author. Drawings and renderings by others.

2 | ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE In 2009 I completed my MArch Degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The following three projects are representative samples of my studio design experience at MIT. Although my professional experience is an increasingly greater proportion of my practical qualiﬁcations, these academic explorations remain are illustrative of my individual instincts and attitudes towards design. Each project was selected by the design faculty to be catalogued in the Institute archives as a representative of the respective studio.

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Value Engineering the Palace of Learning Master’s Thesis - Boston, MA 2009 Alexander D’Hooghe - Thesis Advisor adhooghe@mit.edu

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Community Boathouse and Waterfront Renewal New Bedford, MA Fall 2007 Meejin Yoon - Studio Instructor jmy@mit.edu

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Oceanfront Bathhouse Las Playas de Tijuana, Mexico Fall 2005 Ann Pendelton-Julian - Studio Instructor

2.1 | MIT MASTER’S THESIS

Value Engineering the Palace of Learning Boston, Massachusetts 2009 For the past fifty years the institution of public education has struggled to evolve beyond its Fordist origins and adapt to a society that favors innovative thought and interpersonal collaboration over a steadfast adherence to an assembly line mentality. During this time the architecture of public education has stubbornly resisted. The result has been the codification of a typology derived from authoritarian organizational strategies that prioritize spatial efficiency while failing to question whether the architecture is aligned with a school’s educational philosophy. Educational research suggests that student success is linked to strong communal support networks. The public school as Civic Monument, however, represents an architecture isolated from the communities it serves. Meanwhile serial organization of classrooms accessed by double-loaded corridors lined with the ubiquitous student locker represents a public space incapable of fostering healthy interactions. This thesis offers a critique of the architecture of public education. The relationship between school and community is examined at an urban scale. Massing, facade, and site logics are addressed in an effort to reevaluate the role of the school as an organizing tool capable of activating previously neglected space while reinforcing the existing fabric and character of the site. On an architectural scale, the project addresses the nature of public space within the school, presenting an alternative to the double-loaded corridor. The relationship of classroom to circulation is inverted in an effort to activate the public space of the school and empower a student body with a sense of ownership in its academic environment. Thesis Supervisor - Alexander D’Hooghe All drawings by author.

SURFACE PARKING i. covers 30% of site

The Boston Public School District

ii. breaks the street edge that defines the bounds of urban space iii. monopolizes the opportunity for rediscovered public space at interior of site

UN-UTILIZED OPEN SPACE

RETAINING WALL

i. sharp divide isolating the upper and lower halves of the site

i. lost territories that are neither adding spatial value nor utility

ii. creates boundary without defining space

ii. can be reclaimed as community garden or activated by built environment and transformed into an amenity

D LEE

iii. presents architectural opportunities to deal with elevation change

EX Student Density by Census Tract

After extensive research of the history of mass public education in the United States and several case studies of facilities in both the U.S. and Europe a series of investigations into the Boston Public School District were conducted as a means of identifying a specific site to develop the thesis at an architectural scale. The primary criteria included an analysis of student density adjusted for existing facilities to identify under-served communities (pictured left). In addition a series of mapping exercises served to identify areas capable of providing continuity throughout the K-12 eduction, public open spaces and recreation facilities, areas supported by public transit, and identifying boundary conditions between residential and commercial fabrics that offered the opportunity to integrate third-party agents into the academic realm.

Location and relative enrollment of existing Boston Public High Schools

ET TRE S S

proposed site

A triangular block formed by the intersection of Adam’s Street and Dorcester Avenue in the Field’s Corner neighborhood satisfied the above criteria and featured a 25’ elevation change providing a wide range of architectural opportunities. Site visits and further analysis identified specific issues that contributed to a general state of dysfunction. The process of identifying these issues simultaneously suggested opportunities to develop the site both mitigating negative uses and allowing the development of educational facilities with a very minimal impact on existing structures. RETAINING WALL

i. sharp divide isolating the upper and lower halves of the site ii. creates boundary without defining

UN-UTILIZED OPEN SPACE

academic bldg A

academic bldg B

academic bldg C

RONAN PARK

± 180’ - 0”

REE

ST MS

AD 24’

±1

22’

±1

- 0”

- 6”

± 111’ - 4”

12’

±1

- 0”

± 100’ - 0”

community garden

Dorcester Ave. Elevation

administrative continuing education

± 94’ - 0”

visual and performing arts center

DORCESTER AVENUE

0’

64’

Site Plan

128’

The site strategy features a pedestrian ramp that traverses the interior of the site from the commercial frontage on Dorcester Ave to Ronan Park and provides access to the academic buildings and community gardens in an effort to integrate communal and academic realms.

A’ 1

The academic building A and 2 administrative complex is developed at an architectural scale. The academic building B features a cafe on the ground floor and six classrooms that spill out into a central atrium flanked with study carrels. A pedestrian breezeway bridges the two volumes providing access 3. FIRST LEVEL PLAN First Level Plan from the Adams street level to (Adams Street) continuing education facilities and opening to a 3rd story gallery fronting Dorcester Ave. with views to Boston Harbor.

± 126’ - 8”

B’ ± 126’ - 8”

± 121’ - 6½”

1” - 8’-0”

(ADAMS STREET)

0’

16’

32’

Section B-B’

Section A-A’

2.2 | COMMUNITY BOATHOUSE

And Acushnet River Waterfront Renewal New Bedford, Massachusetts Fall 2007 The following represents one of two final design submissions to the New Bedford Mayorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office and Planning Committee, MIT faculty, and invited jurors as part of a Design-Build studio collaboration between the City of New Bedford and MIT School of Architecture. The studio evolved as a series of project eliminations narrowing the focus and development from twenty-four conceptual schemes to two fully developed architectural submissions. The studio was organized as a fully collaborative effort with students changing projects and design teams every two weeks. For the final ten weeks of the term I was involved in the development of this specific submission from the initial programming and structural concepts through final submission. All drawings by author except where noted.

Studio Instructor: Meejin Yoon Teaching Assistant: John Snavely Structural Consultant: Paul Kassabian Coordinated by Richard Shepard Collaborative stuio with Colin Kerr, Christopher Taylor, and Andrew Witt

SAWYE

CITY PLAN CITY SITE PLAN: not to scale

!( BELLEVILLE AVE PLAYGROUND

FOLDscape

PHILLIPS AVE SCHOOL

RIVERSIDE PARK

MARINE PARK

HICKS LOGAN PLAY AREA

RASMUS TONNESON PARK

HARBORVIEW TOWERS

CLASKY SCHOOL

R IV E R

!( WINGS COURT

HNE T

!( SALVATION ARMY PLAY AREA

AC U S

BABY KENNY'S TOT LOT

ET R STRE

0 50’ 100’

C O G G E S H AL L S T R E E T SITE PLAN

B-B

A-

The program brief called for community rowing facility with storage for a variety of racing shells from 8-person to singles as well as kayaks and small sailboats. The program also called for a multipurpose reception/indoor training space, restrooms, coaches office, a dock to facilitate launching the shells and spectator viewing spaces. The building was sited at the boundary between land and water along a proposed riverwalk allowing small boats to dock at the facility where it spans over the river. A parametric structural system of glu-lam timbers was developed that facilitated easy launching of the larger shells from the storage bays while simultaneously accommodating an elevated indoor reception and viewing level on the upper floor.

SECOND LEVEL

boat house sq.ft.

office multipurpose

400 sq.ft. 3,700 sq.ft.

Total sq.ft.

10,500 sq.ft.

A-

B-B

A-

HINGE

GROUND LEVEL boat storage boat repair locker rooms mechanical

boat house sq.ft. 3,200 sq.ft. 1,600 sq.ft. 1,500 sq.ft. 400 sq.ft.

A-

SECTION A-A

SECTION B-B

scape

Rendering by Colin Kerr Sections by Andrew Witt

8D 9D 91.04° 49.77°

10D

33.01°

11D

46.22°

51.50° 95.12°

40.46°

116.06° 17.69° 46.22°

116.55° 17.23° 46.22°

116.80° 16.79° 46.22°

46.22°

plan geometry

88.04° 51.50°

33.38°

53.21° 93.05°

41.71°

1D 85.08° 53.21°

33.74°

54.89° 91.03°

42.96°

82.16° 54.89°

34.09°

44’-2”

’-4

”

46 ’-2 ”

” ’-6 37 79.27° 56.54°

65.54° 89.04°

44.18°

55’-4”

1C 34.42°

STRUCTURAL GEOMETRIC DIAGRAMS: not to scale

structural perspective

3A 2A

FOLDscape 1) floor suspension system

2) glue-lam superstructure floor and window system 5)

3) floor beams

roof joists 6)

4) floor joists STRUCTURAL BAY DIAGRAM: not to scale

The design-build ambitions of this studio coupled with collaborative team-based sharing of production responsibilities provided the opportunity to develop the project to a level of resolution far greater than most studio projects. After developing the parametric geometry of the structural system a significant amount of time was dedicated to resolving the details of this system. Working with structural engineer Paul Kassabian, a strategy was developed to suspend the second level from the roof beams rather than attaching to the vertical struts in order to increase structural efficiency allowing thinner members and less material use. The nodes of the triangulated system also provided a design challenge to be resolved by the end of the studio. Each node of the system represents a unique geometry as the structure morphs from long low storage bays to high narrow bays allowing an elevated indoor viewing space. Digital fabrication methods were researched and a 1:8 scale prototype of a single bay was constructed. The steel nodes were built utilizing a CNC plazma cutter allowing custom fabrication of each unique node from 3d digital models. The large scale model also facilitated the development of a polycarbonate facade system.

FOLDscape

joint 5b

joint 5d STRUCTURAL BAY DIAGRAM:

2.3 | OCEANFRONT BATHHOUSE Las Playas de Tijuana, Mexico Fall 2005

This particular studio was devised under the pretense of a minithesis demanding the development of a certain position regarding a set of socio-cultural issue that would inform the process from site selection through the articulation of design decisions. The bathhouse - a simple and flexible program - was to be located on a politically charged site along border between the United States and Mexico. The demographics of the community represent an array of social stratas: Mexican residents, wealthy expatriates, American tourists, Mexican tourists, impoverished, working class and wealthy. This addresses the concept of “otherness” and the sense of isolation when placed outside of one’s socio-cultural class. The bathhouse is designed as a luxury spa featuring large indoor and outdoor bathing pools, steam rooms, heat and ice baths, and massage treatment rooms. The building is bounded by a pedestrian walkway traversing the site and providing access from the main street frontage to the beach below. The path descends along a heavy concrete wall shielding patrons from the general populace and serving to highlight the stark juxtaposition between social classes within the community and the border condition as a whole. Studio Instructors: Ann Pendelton-Julian Michael Barry Teaching Assistant: Travis Hanks All drawings by author.

ENTRANCE LEVEL PLAN

LOWER LEVEL PLAN

1 bathing pool 2 steam rooms 3 open showers 4 ice bath 5 massage rooms 6 mechanical

1 entrance 2 bath attendant 3 changing rooms 4 lavatories 5 showers 6 hot pool 7 to roof terrace

3 2

A’

6 6 5

SECTION A-Aâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

The scheme evolved from the conceptual basis of an island condition and the notions of reciprocity exhibited between water and shore, sea and sky, land and clouds; each entity defining the bounds of the other. These concepts form an analogy to the socio-cultural demographics present in this border community and begin to inform the design process. The clockwise external ramp that traverses the site wrapping around the building is intertwined with the internal circulation that spirals counter-clockwise from the facility entrance on the mid-level down to the large bathing pools on the lower level. While the boundaries between internal and external spaces are clearly defined the building tectonics exhibit a level of ambiguity. A glass plane forms the exterior envelope but simultaneously becomes an interior partition. Heavy exterior walls divide the rooftop terrace and the streetscape but also serves as a retaining wall on the lower level and a colonnade at another condition. These deeper ambiguities echo the socio-economic distinctions of user groups and the border condition as a whole -on the surface clearly delineated but exhibiting a far greater level of complexity and nuance

3 | FURNITURE AND DESIGN RESEARCH In addition to the architectural examples illustrated in the previous two sections a nontrivial portion of my design experience is represented by furniture and other design research. In furniture I ﬁnd the opportunity to approach design situations architecturally - addressing functional requirements through creative, elegant solutions - at a scale that oﬀers the ability to implement and evaluate the design at full scale. Also included in this section are design research projects including CAD/CAM digital fabrication research, computational scripting, and digital rendering.

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Freestanding Bookshelves (2010) Oak - Sustainably Harvested NW Wisconsin

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Bed Frame (2007) Ash - Sustainably Harvested, New England Final Project, MIT Furniture Design & Construction Chris Dewart - Instructor

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Desk Workstation (2004) Pine

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Computational Research (2007) Z-corp 3D Print MIT 4.510 Digital Fabrication Lawrence Sass - Instructor

3.1 | FREESTANDING BOOKSHELVES Sustainably Harvested Local White Oak - 2010

This set of shelves was designed in response to some of the problematic issues of typical freestanding shelves. Specifically three design issues were identified and addressed in the piece. Functionally the design offers a structural solution to the tendency of any tall narrow piece of furniture to tip over. The rear legs are omitted instead replaced by a top rail which rests lightly against the wall. In so doing a structural moment is created such that adding mass to the shelves - even the upper shelves - serves to increase the force holding them against the wall rather than becoming top-heavy. The piece actually becomes more stable as it is loaded. Simultaneously the shelves are situated clear of the proud base typical of residential architecture which allows, in fact necessitates the piece to rest flush and square against the wall. Finally, on a conceptual level, the shelves exhibit a certain autonomy, detached from the room’s architecture. The hierarchy of elements in concert with the sparse use of structural elements at the rear serves to lighten the piece and a feeling that the shelves are floating within a continuous structural frame. Conceptually this contrasts the mass and gravity of These three attributes culminate in a certain design elegance but highly functional piece of furniture. The piece is constructed entirely of white oak sustainably harvested from local northern Wisconsin forests. Open mortise and tenon jointery is showcased throughout the piece as both an aesthetic and structural element. The piece measures 72”x42”x12”.

3.2 | BED FRAME

Sustainably Harvested Local White Ash - 2007 This queen size bed frame is the final project submission for MITâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Furniture Design and Construction course taught by Christopher Dewart. The goals of the course, as it pertains to the architectural curriculum, were to develop a deeper understanding of the material properties of wood, to experience and learn the techniques of shaping and joining wood, and to design and build a functional aesthetically coherent and durable piece of furniture. The specific skills developed during the construction of this piece include laminating strips to form curved elements; structural analysis of how the weight is carried to the floor including sizing elements appropriately and using joints capable of transferring loads between members; and forging welding and tapping custom steel hardware that is consistent with the design of the piece while allowing disassembly when necessary. The design of the piece is a celebration of structural tectonics. Loads are carried from the longitudinal slats along a pair of heavy rails that attach to the frame with mortise and tenon joints. Arched legs then transfer the weight to the floor and carry the exoskeleton which encloses the mattress. The effect is one of lightening the mass of the piece and gently disconnecting the mattress from the floor.

3.3 | DESK WORKSTATION White Pine - 2004

An exploration of intersecting planes this space-sensitive piece stretches across the room horizontally while while maintaining a minimal distance from the wall. The construction utilizes a series of friction fit jigsaw-style connections providing a study stable structure that can be disassembled without the use of steel hardware. The piece in many ways has served as a prototype, and learning tool that has helped inform subsequent furniture projects. For example, the dramatically cantilevered shelves demand some form of reinforcement to carry any substantive loads. The structure is prone to a certain amount of racking when shifted out of plumb. The sharp upper-most edges of the legs have been trimmed to soften the form and increase durability. While the piece has become a tool of experimentation, it never-the-less maintains its functional integrity and continues to be used on a daily basis.

COMPONENT DEFINITION - APERTURE

3.4 | COMPUTATION DIGITAL FABRICATION rhinoscript - zcorp 3D print

i. base component derived from four points pt1, pt2, pt3, pt4

iv. define pt5 and pt6 by transposing the line normal to the surface at pt1 to the mdpoint of diagonal pt1-pt3

ii. from any four points can be defined a surface and a line normal to that surface at a given point - pt1

v. point array defines two hyperbolic surfaces (pt1, pt2, pt3, pt5) (pt1, pt2, pt4, pt6) extrude surfaces to form solids

iii. those points also define the diagonal from pt1 to pt3

vi. final component - aperature can be controlled by varying the magnitude of the normal line at pt1

SURFACE ARRAY deploy aperture component over complex surface to create an array of openings apply point cloud over complex surface aperture component is applied to each set of four points the resulting form and porosity is controlled by the following variables i. density of point cloud ii. magnitude of component normal vector iii. depth of surface extrusion

RENDERING STUDY (2012) modeled in Rhinocerous 3d rendered in Vray for Rhino