What are the main models of ethics based on philosophical theory?

2. Characteristics of ethics. It is the real fact that occurs in the mentality of some people, is a set of rules namely, principle and reasons that a subject has made and established as a guideline for his own conduct. 3. Similarities and differences between ethics and morals. The points where they meet are as follows:

● In both cases it's about rules, perceptions, it must be. ● Morality is a set of rules that a society is responsible for transmitting of ● generation in generation and ethics is a set of norms that a subject has clarified and adopted in his or her own mentality.

What are the main models of ethics based on philosophical theory?

In the first place, one can speak of descriptive and prescriptive ethics. With regard to descriptive ethics, it can be mentioned that they are all those that conceive the ethical phenomenon as something that occurs and that therefore must be studied, described and analyzed from its events; while, on the contrary, prescriptive ethics conceive reflection as normative, that is, as a set of contents that must be recommended and followed.

Secondly, there are naturalistic and non-naturalistic ethics. These two differ in that naturalistic ethics conceive morality as that which seeks the happiness, pleasure or enjoyment of the human being, while non-naturalistic ethics understand morality as a reality that cannot be reduced to any other realm or factor.

On the other hand, there are cognitivist and non-cognitivist ethics. Cognitivists conceive morality as a reality that can be known by man and, therefore, can be defined as true or false, as the case may be. Non-cognitivists, on the other hand, understand that morality cannot be known by man and is neither true nor false.

Another classification is material and formal ethics. Material ethics affirm that the criteria of morality that launch judgments on actions are explained according to the contents, since they recognize the existence of a good. The formal ones, on the other hand, do not understand the

moral good as dependent on the contents but on the form of the mandates. Formal ethics do not tell us what we should do, but what our rules should be like. Thus, an action is not morally correct or wrong because of it follow good consequences (pleasure, happiness), but because its source or motivation is to act according to our sense of duty. For this reason, formal ethics are autonomous, that is to say, they do not depend on any authority, but it is the subject (or the community of subjects) who gives himself his own norms rationally, not moved by desires or passions. We can also say that formal ethics, since they do not depend on the characteristics and desires of people, are universal, that is to say, valid for all and in any circumstance.

There are also substantial and procedural ethics. Procedural ethics recognize that it is not the task of ethics to recommend moral content but to discover the procedures that make the day-to-day rules legitimate or not. The Substantialists on their part affirm that one cannot speak of correctness of norms if it is not for the conception one has of the good life.

Teleological ethics consider that the correctness or incorrectness of man's actions depends on the positive or negative consequences to which they lead. On the other hand, deontological ethics are radically opposed to affirming that actions can be catalogued as correct or incorrect regardless of the consequences.

Kantian ethics is called formal ethics, and is opposed to material ethics. It has three main characteristics:

● Propose a criterion of legitimacy of the exclusively formal maximum, ● Defend the autonomy of the will in the moral experience and ● Maintain that good actions are only those that have been done out of duty.

Discursive ethics constitutes a theoretical model aimed at substantiating the validity of statements and moral judgments through the examination of the presuppositions of discourse. It aspires to found a moral principle that is not based on intuitions or understandings of a particular time or culture, but that has universal validity.

For the ethical theory of values, or axiology, exposed and defended by Max Scheler, main exponent of this current, values are qualities that possess certain objects or actions, by virtue of