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Number 4
October-December
2011
http://www.computer.org
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Cybernetics IEEE
+IEEE
~comp~J~fety
~ñnals of the Hlstory of Compudng
Editor in Chief
Departments 56
Jeffrey R. Yost
Anecdotes
Associate Editor In Chief Atsushi Akera
fulian Feldman
Computersand Thought- The Back Story MichaelAldrich Online Shopping in the 1980s
62
Senlor Consulting Edltors Thomas J. (Tim) Bergin Paul E. Ceruzzi David Alan Grier
Interviews
Consulting Editor Luanne Johnson
David Walden, Editor Ward Cunningham
68
Assoclate Edltors Janet Abbate Eden Medina Andrew Russell
Local Area Networks Michael
Geselowitz
Vancouver
70
Editorial
Biographies Thomas
Haigh
Charles W. Bachman: Database Software Pioneer
81
Reviews feffrey R. Yost and Atsushi
84
Akera, Editors
Events and Sightings Chigusa Kita, Editor SOth Anniversary oí MIT's Compatible Time-Sharing System Obituary: Jean Carteron
88
Think Piece Nathan
Ensmenger
From Computer Celebrities to Historical Biography Computer
Society Information,
p. 37
The Annals Annual Index for 2011 is available onlh)e at www.computer.org/annals/llindex.
All fuII-length artídes published in this joumal are peer reviewed.
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Publishedbythe IEEEComputerSociety http://www.computer.org/micro
................................................................................................................
November/Oecember2011
Volume 31 Number 6
Features 4
Guest Editors' Introduction: Cool Chips Makoto Ikeda and Fumio Arakawa
6
Cool Mega-Arrays: Ultralow-Power Reconfigurable Accelerator Chips Nobuaki Ozaki, Yoshihiro Yasuda, Yoshiki Saito, Daisuke Ikebuchi, Masayuki Kimura, Hideharu Amano, Hiroshi Nakamura, Kimiyoshi Usami, Mitaro Namiki, and Masaaki Kondo
19
High-Throughput, Low-Power Software-Defined Radio Using Reconfigurable Processors Tomoya Suzuki, Hideki Yamada, Toshiyuki Yamagishi, Daisuke Takeda, Koji Horisaki, Toshio Fujisawa, Yasuo Unekawa, Tom Vander Aa, and Liesbet Van der Perre
29
39
51
Loop-Directed Mothballing: Power Gating Execution Units Using Runtime Loop Analysis CraigA. Court and Paul HJ Kelly Peach: A Multicore Communication System on Chip with PCI Express Sugako Otani, Hiroyuki Kondo, Itarit Nonomura, ToshihiroHanawa, Shin 'ichi Miura, and Taisuke Boku Advanced Camera Technolo.gTesfor Broadcasting Hiroshi Shimamoto, Takayuki Yamashita, Misao Kubota,
and HirotakaMaruyama
.
Departments 2
From the Editor in Chief New Blood, Cool Chips, and Heterogeneous Designs
58
Prolegomena Are Field-Programmable Gate Arrays Ready for the Mainsrream?
64
Micro Economics Steve Jobs and the Economics of One Enrrepreneur Compurer Socieey Information, p. Adverrising/Product Index, p. 57 2011 Annual Index: http://www.compurer.org/micro/llindex
Cover artwork by Peter Nagy peternagy@earthlink.net
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VOLUME9, NUMBER6
PRIVACY Features Living with Insecurity
12 14 11
Guest Editors'Introduction
WILlIAM ARBAUGHAND DEBORAHA. FRINCKE
Security Dilemma: Healthcare Clinicians at Work ROSA R. HECKLE Clinicians make unconscious decisions to comply with security measures or to live with a certain level of insecurity to get their job done.
20
Security RiskManagement Using Incentives DEBINLIU,NINGHUILI, XIAOFENG WANG, ANDL. JEANCAMP An incentive-based mechanism
access control uses a reward
to help organizations
collaborativeintrusion detectionsystems. A robust approachto computing attack statisticscan help counterthis threat.
manage
risky access behaviors and prevent inadvertent insider threat.
29
Helping Users Deal with Digital Threats: The Online User Supervision Archi!ecture ANTONIO MANUEL
43
FERNĂ NDEZ VILLAMOR
Operations with Degraded Security SIMSON L.
GARFINKEL
AND
GEORGE
DINOLT
lfsing the ResiliNetsmodel,the authorsdiscuss fivestrategiesfor operatingin a degraded securityenvironment.
ANDJUANC. YELMO Oversee, an onlineusersupervisionarchitecture, lets Internet servicesstipulate that userscomply with a series of requirements or be accompanied by a qualified supervisor.
49
Securing Database as a Service: Issues and Compromises
I
JOELWEISAND JIM ALVES-Foss
36
Securing Collaborative Intrusion Detection Systems STEVENCHEUNG
Statistic-poisoningattacksinject incorrect securitysensorreports into the repositoryof
Oatabaseasa servicehasseveralmajor issues and concerns,suchasdata security,trust, expectations,regulations,andperformance issues.Proposedsolutionsinc/uderisk managementand authenticity techniques.
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IEEE~computer society www.computer.org/cise/
NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2011
November/December 2011 Vol. 13, No. 6
BIG
DATA
1O Guest Editors' Introduction
Francis J.Alexander, Adolfy Hoisie, and Alexander Szalay
14
Data-Intensive Science in the Department of Energy: Case Studies and Future Challenges James P. Ahrens, Bruce Hendrickson, Gabrielle Long, Steve Miller, Robert Ross, and Dean Williams Given its leading role in high-performance computing for modeling and simulation and its many experimental facilities, the US Department of Energy has a tremendous need for data-intensive science. Locating the challenges and commonalities among three case studies illuminates, in detail, the technical challenges involved in realizing data-intensive science.
25
M
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34
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Data-Intensive Scalable Computing for Scientific Applications Randal E. Bryant Increasingly, scientific computing applications must accumulate and manage massive datasets, as well as perform sophisticated computations over these data. Such applications call for data-intensive scalable computer (DISC) systems, which differ in fundamental ways from existing high-performance computing systems. Extreme Data-Intensive Scientific Computing Alexander S. Szalay Scientific computing increasingly involves massive data; in astronomy, observations and numerical simulations are o,nthe verge of generating petabytes. This new, datacentric computing requires a new look at computing architectures and strategies. Using Amdahl's law to characterize architectures and workloads, it's possible to use existing commodity parts to build systems that approach an ideal Am.dahl machine.
+IEEE AIP dio......
Cover iIIustration: Giacomo Marchesi www.giacomomarchesi.com
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE Computing in Science & Engineering aims to support and promote the emerging discipline of computational engineering
of computers and computational techniques
AL SO
42
IN
THIS
in scientific
research and education. Every issue contains broad-interest
ISSUE'
theme articles, departments,
Massively Parallel Neural Signal Processing on a Many-Core Platform
Dan Chen, LizheWang, GaoxiangOuyang, and XiaoliLi
.
Although the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)methorl and HilbertHuang transform (HHT) offer an unrivaled opportunity to understand neural signals, the EEMDalgorithm's complexity and neural signals' massive size have hampered EEMDapplication.However,a new approach using a many-coreplatform has proven both efficient and effective for massively parallel neural signal processing.
52
science and
and to foster the use
Visualizing 3D Earthquake Simulation Data Cheng-Kai Chen, Chris Ho, Carlos Correa, Kwan-Liu Ma, and Ahmed Elgamal As exemplified in a state-of-the-art bridge-foundation-ground model simulation, a suite of new visualization techniques lets scientists study seismic waves and interactively investigate and explore their data. In so doing, the techniques further scientific understanding and thus facilitate the development of new methods to protect real-world infrastructures against otherwise devastating earthquakes.
news reports, and editorial comment. Collateral materials such as source code are made available electronically over the Internet. The intended audience comprises physical scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and others who would benefit from computational methodologies. AIIarticles and technical notes in OSE are peer-reviewed.
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Volume 28 Number 6 http://www .compiJter .org/dt
Other Features
Special Issue
6G
uest Editors' Introduction: A Promising Alternative to Conventional Silicon
Copubllshed by the IEEEComputer Society and the IEEEClrcults and Systems Society
Jiun-Lang Huang and Kwang-7ing (Tim) Cheng
8R
41
A
50
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Obust Circuit Design for Flexible Electronics
Tsung-Ching Huang, Jiun-Lang Huang, and Kwang-7ing (Tim) Cheng
16 M
aterials, Processing, and Testing of Flexible Image Sensor Arrays
William S. Wong, Tse Nga Ng, Sanjiv Sambandan, and Michael L. Chabinyc
James ChieQ-Mo Li, I-Chun Cheng, and Yung-Hui
Yeh
32 P
owering the Future: Organlc Solar Cells with Polymer Energy Storage
Ulsed.Latch Circuits: A New Dimension in
ASIC Design Youngsoo Shin and Seungwhun
58 66
24 P
lacement Optimization of Flexible TFT Digital Circuits ChesterLiu, En-HuaMa, Wen-En Wei,
daptive Testing: Dealing with Process Variability Peter Maxwell
Paik
L
ong.Term Thermal Overstressing of Computers Kirk A. Grayand Michael Pecht
R
ePlacing Error Vector Magnitude Test with RF and Analog BISTs Dalias L. Webster,Rick Hudgens, and Donald YC Lie
76
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F Front.End Test Using Built.in Sensors
Louay Abdallah, Stratigopoulos,
and Christophe
Haralampos..c. Salvador
Mir,
Kelma
Yindar Chuo, Badr Omrane,
Clint Landrock, Jeydmer Aristizabal, Donna Hohertz, Sasan V. Grayli, and Bozena Kaminska
ISSN0740-7475
NOVEMBER/DECEMBER
2011
Toward Digital Asset Protection Al and Sustainability Smart Market and Money
PUTTING
Al
INTO
PRACTICE
SOCIALand ECONOMIC COMPUTING
.
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that perceive,
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Socialand Economic Computing
19 22
Guest Editors' Introduction Wenji Mao, Alexander Tuzhilin. and Jonathan Gratch
Stealing Reality: When Criminals Become Data Scientists (or Vice Versa) Yaniv Altshuler, Nadav Aharony. Alex Pentland, Yuval Elovici,and Manuel Cebrian
31 40
Click Fraud and the Adverse Effects of Competition Xiarong U, Daniel D.Zeng, Yong Uu. and Yanwu Yang
Bridging the Gap: Face-to-Face Negotiations with an Automated Mediator Raz Un, Yehoshua Gev, and Sarit Kraus
48
From Causal Scenarios to Social Causality: An Attributional Approach Wenji Mao, Ansheng Ge. and Xi~ocheri U
58
Persona lity, Emotion, and Mood in Agent-Based Group Decision Making Ricardo Santos, Goreti Marreiros, Carlos Ramos, JosĂŠ Neves, an.d JosĂŠ Bulas-Cruz
Postmaster: Send undeliveredcopies and address the first page of the copy,and 3) does not implyIEEE paperversionpolicy.html. Permissionto reprint/republish changes to IEEEIntelligent Systems. Membership endorsementof anythird-party productsor services. this material for commercial,advertising. or promotional ProcessingDept., IEEEServiceCenter,445 Hoeslane, Authorsandtheircompaniesare permittedto postthe purposes or for creating new collectiveworks for resale Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141. Periodicals Postage accepted version of IEEE-copyrightedmaterial on their or redistributionmustbe obtainedfrom IEEEbywriting Paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Canadian G5T #125634188. Cana da Post Publications Mail Agreement Number 40013885. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to 4960-2 Walker Rd., Windsor, ON N9A6J3. Printed in the USA. ReuseRigltts and Rellrint Permissions: Educational ~ ~..~_",,*,)__)tibWrlnoU't'lee,
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WhatWeCanLearn from SteveJobs,0.16
--
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Cori1pt1ting, p. 12
+IEEE www.computer.org/itpro
IEEEter ~comp~oclety
IN THIS ISSUE
14 Guest Editors' Introduction IT Education for Practitioners Jay Liebowitz and William W.Agresti
16
22
28
E-Leaming for IT Professionals:The UMUC Experience
The Promise of IT: Educating the Federal Government
The Technologist's ToolSet: A CIO's Perspective
Alan D. Carswell
Challenging the Traditional Graduate Information Systems Program
Susan Camarena
Michael B. Koval
and Irena Bojanova
John Baker Sr.
IT is rapidly evolving, and IT professionals must continuously upgrade their skills to remain current. E-learning can help by providing continuing education in a convenient manner, as evidenced by academic programs at the University of Maryland University College.
How do you make a graduate program more relevant? Develop a project-based capstone course that combines theoretical knowledge with practical application to offer students-even those enrolled only part-timea more comprehensive, integrated experience.
IT has a key role to play in government functions, especially given the Open Government Initiative in the US and its focus on transparency. What role can education play in helping the federal government better leverage IT?
The CIO of a nationwide real estate company discusses the skill set IT professionals will need to succeed in the years ahead. The technology will change, but analytical, communication, and project management skills will remain essential.
--
-
November/Decemoer
2011
COLUMNS AND DEPARTMENTS
4 From the
Editors
The Next Big Thing Thomas Jepsen
6 Spotlight What We Can Leam from Steve Jobs San Murugesan
9 Perspectives Mobile-App Addiction:Threat George Hur/burt,
Jeffrey
Voas, and Keith
to Security? W. Mil/er
12 IT Ethics Courageous Computing Keith W. Mil/er
54 Insecure
IT
Role Engineering: Methods and Standards Edward
J. Coyne, Timothy
R. Wei/, and Rick Kuhn
58 Smart
IT Business Process Management and the Social Web Nuno Pereira,
Oavid Vera, and H. Gi/bert Mil/er
60 IT in
Emerging Markets Cloud Computing Gives Emerging Markets a Lift San Murugesan
64 CIO Comer
40
Specialists or Generalists? Tom Costello
Managing Requirements Risks in IT Projects
Information Integration for Facility Management
Lars Mathiassen
Ciro
O'Urso
and Tuure Tuunanen
26 IEEECS Information 62 Advertiser Index ~~~i~"
IT professionals must navigate an increasingly complex requirements landscape. Presented here is a process for identifying, analyzing, and mitigating requirements risks throughout the project life cycle.The authors illustrate its use in a case study for a mobile presence service.
The administration of a parliamentary institution implemented a ComputerAided FacilityManagement system to better manage the institution's real estate. The state-ofthe-art CAFM system integrates graphical and alphanumerical data for more efficient property management.
Cover
Cal! for Papers: Mobile and Wireless Technologies and Applications
2011 Annuallndex: www.computer.org/ itpro/11 index
Onthe Web: computer.org/itpro For more information on eomputing topies, visit the Computer Society Digital Library at www.eomputer.org/csdl.
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MultiMedia October-December
2011
Vol. 18, No. 4
Published by the IEEE Computer Society in cooperation with the IEEECommunications Society and IEEESignal Processing Society
Feature Articles Personalized Coverage of Large Athletic Events Charalampos Z. Patrikakis, Nikolaos Papaoulakis, Panagiotis Papageorgiou, Aristodemos Pnevmatikakis, Paul Chippendale, MĂĄrio S. Nunes, Rui Santos Cruz, Stefan Poslad, and Zhenchen Wang This article presents a platform that lets users direct their own coverage of large athletic events, letting them set up their own virtual director and orchestrate event viewing according to their preferences.
Architectures and Technologies for Adapting Secured Content in Governed Multimedia Applications Anna Carreras,EvaRodrtguez,Jaime Delgado,
You Can Judge an Artist by an Album Cover: Using Images for Music Annotation Janis Lrbeks and Douglas Turnbul/ A computer-vision system predicts music genre tags by making use of content-based image analysis, suggesting that we can learn some notion of artists' similarity on the basis of visual appearance alone.
Safak Dogan, Hemantha KodikaraArachchi, Ahmet M. Kondoz, and Xavier Perramon This article analyzes existing initiatives and proposes new technologies for the governed adaptations of secured content in heterogeneous environments. These technologies are integrated into an architecture for the secure management of multimedia contento
Augmenting Live Broadcast Sports with 3D Tracking Information RickCaval/aro,Maria Hybinette, Marvin White, and Tucker Ba/ch
Techniques that enhance television sports broadcasts use algorithms for tracking objects, such as the ball, to create informative, graphical visualizations ,embedded into the broadcast image. http://www.computer.org/multimedia Editorial: Unless otherwise stated, bylined artieles, as well as product and service descriptions, refr'ĂŠct the author's or firm's opinion. Inelusion in IEEEMultiMedia does not necessarily constitute endorsement by the IEEE or the IEEE Computer Society. AIIsubmissions are subject to editing for style, elarity, and length. IEEEprohibits Reuse
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he cover features in this theme issue explore the
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1\vo Approaches to Interdisciplinary Computing+Music Courses Jesse M.
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Back to Thin-Core Massively Parallel Processors Ami Marowka
Examination ofthe innovations ofthe past three
Heines, Gena R.Greher, 5. Alex
decades that brought chips to the point at which many-core processors are possible reveals that there are multiple roads ahead, and each isfull of challenges.
Ruthmann, and Brendan L. Reilly The developers of a university curriculum designed to bridge the gaps between the two disciplines have found that there are numerous ways to introduce arts majors to computing, and science and engineering majors to the arts.
33 Adapting a Virtual World for
COMPUTING PRACTICES
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Rural Outsourcing:
Theatrical Performance Joe Geigel, Marla 5chweppe,'David and Brian Johnstone
Virtual reality
technology
Huynh,
39
Cultural Analytics in Large-Scale Visualization Environments 50 Yamaoka,
MaryLacity,Erran(armel, and Joseph Rottman
now makes it
possible to completely re~lrzetheatrical performances in a virtual space, but existing virtual world interfaces are too cumbersol1)e for this purpose. Researchers are working to develop virtual theatre systems with more natural and intuitive interfaces.
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Delivering
ITO and BPOServices from Remote Domestic Locations IT and business process outsourcing
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. privilegedor minority populations. RESEARCH FEATURE
63 Discovering City Dynamics through Sports Tracking Applications Laura Ferrari and Marco Mamei
Researcherscan use kernel density estimation to analyze spatiotemporal data from mobile devices to uncover human mobility patterns in urban spaces. Such analysis can support various applications ranging from location-based services to urban planning.
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28 ENERGY-EFFICIENT WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS:TUTORIAL,SURVEY,AND OPEN ISSUES GEOFFREY YE lI, ZHIKUNXu, CONG XIONG, CHENYANG YANG, SHUNQINGZHANG, YAN CHEN, AND SHUGONGXu
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ENERGY-EFFICIENTWIRELESS IN-HoME: THE NEED FOR INTERFERENCE-CONTROLLED FEMTOCELLS KANZHENG,YUYUWANG, WENBOWANG, MISCHADOHlER,ANDJIANQUANW ANG
74 HARMONIZED MOBILlTY MANAGEMENT IN IMS NETWORKSBASEDON THE SSON CONCEPT SPYROS l. TOMPROS, DIMITRIOS D. VERGADOS, AND NIKOLAOS P. MOURATIDIS
82 SURVIVABLEKEY MANAGEMENT ON WANETs MICHElENOGUEIRA,EDUARDODA SilVA, AlDRI SANTOS, AND LUIZCARLOSP. AlBINI
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Volume 53, No. 5, October 2011
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Table of Contents Feature Articles RFID System Based on Fully Printable Chipless Tag for Paper-/Plastic-ltem Tagging Stevan Preradovic, Sushim M. Roy, and Nemai C. Karrnakar
15
An Electrically Small Multi-Frequency Genetic Antenna Immersed in a Dielectric Powder Edward E. Altshuler and Terry H. O'Donnell
33
Broadband Proximity-Fed Modified Rectangular Microstrip Antennas Amit A. Deshmukh and K. P. Ray
41
On the Array Performance of Printed, Ultra-Wideband "Eared" Antennas F. Muge Tanyer-Tigrek,loan E. Lager, and Leonardus P. Ligthart
57
Circularly Polarized Reconfigurable Crossed-Yagi Patch Antenna Xue-Song Yang, Bing-Zhong Wang, Sai Ho Yeung, Quan Xue, and Kim Fung Man
65
Time-Domain Far-Field Analysis of Radiation Sources E. K. Mil/er
81
Resonant Behavior of Radlo-Transmission Loss Due to Periodic Building Structures Ming Yang,Anthony K. Brown, and Stavros Stavrou
98
Also in'this Issue Change of Address Correetion In Memoriam: Robert Gordon Kouyoumjian Report on 2010 UWBISIS Report on 2011 IEAA Conference RSEMW 2011 IEEE iWEM 2011 Correetion Departments Editor's Comments - Stone President's Message - Salazar-Palma AP-S Chapter News - Shen Antenna Designer's Notebook - MiIIigan Measurements Comer - Fiseher and LaHaie EM Programmer's
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Cover: An iIIustration of the EUROBIRDTM 2A satellite (courtesy of Space Systems/Loral). See the contribution by H. Fenech, A. Tomatis, D. Serrano, E. Lance, and M. Kalama in the Antenna Applications Corner. Address editorial correspondence to the Editor-in-Chief, W. Ross Stone, Stoneware Limited, 840 Armada Terraee, San Diego, CA 92106 USA; Tel: +1 (619) 222-1915; Fax: +1. (619) 222-1606; E-mail: r.stone@ieee.org. , The IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine (ISSN 1045-9243) is published bimonthly beginning in February of eaeh year by the Antennas and Propagation Soeiety of tbe Institute of Eleetrieal and Eleetronies Engineers Ine. It is mailed at the end of the month of issue. IEEE Headquarters: 445 Hoes Lane, Piseataway NJ 08855-1331 USA, Tel: +1 (800) 678-4333, + 1 (732) 981-0060; Fax: +1 (732) 981-9667; E-mail: eustomersei-viee@ieee.org. $6.00 per member per year included in Soeiety fees is paid as the subseription priee. The Magazine is the suecessor publieation to the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter. The Newsletter carried volume numbers 1 through 31, endihg with December, 1989; the Magazine began with volume number 32 in 1990. Institutional and non-member subscriptions: Institutions and individuals who are not members of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Soeiety may subscribe to the Magazine: see the current IEEE subseription price list at http:// www.ieee.orglpublications_standards/publications/subscriptions/info/subpricelist.html, or contact Customer Service. Copyright and reprint permissions: Abstraeting is permitted with credit to the souree. Instruetors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noneommereial classroom use without fee and with eredit to the souree, in aeeordanee with the "fair use" doetrine of US and intemational copyright laws. Libraries are permitted to photoeopy beyond the limits of the copyright law for the private use ofpatrons 1) those post-1977 articles that carry acode at the bottom ofthe first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA O1970 USA; and 2) pre-1978 articles without fee. Contaet the Editor-in-Chiefregarding reprinting by other IEEE publieations and other"publications. For all other eopying, reprinting, eonversion into electronically-readable form, or republieation permission, write to Copyrights and Permissions Department, IEEE Serviee Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piseataway NJ 08855-1331 USA. Copyright @2011 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., aeting as agent and trustee for the Antennas and Propagation Society. All rights reserved. Printed in USA. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Antennas and Propagation Magazine Address Change at the IEEE Serviee Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piseataway, NJ 08855-1331 USA. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 53, No. 5, October 2011
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IEEE AEROSPACE and ELECTRONIC
December 2011 ISSN 0885.8985 Volume Twenty Six Number Twelve
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