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AUGUST2011
VOLUME31 NUMBER 4
August
2011 Volume 31 Number 4
WWW.IEEECSS.ORG/PAB/CSM
i1
32
The CircleCriterionand Input-to-StateStability New perspectives on a classical result BAVUJAVAWARDHANA, HARTMUTLOGEMANN,and EUGENEP.RVAN
-
Cover credit: Shannon Mash
Digital ObjectIdentifier JO.1J09/MCS.2011.94129S
2 IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE » AUGUST 2011
68
Longitudinal Aircraft Dynamics and the Instantaneous Acceleration Center 01 Rotation The case of the vanishing
zeros
JIN VAN, JESSE B. HOAGG, RtCHARD E. HINDMAN, and DENNIS S. BERNSTEIN
6
FROMTHE EDITOR Hubble Trouble,Gil, and Bubble
9
ABOUT THIS ISSUE Colorful Curvature
13
PRESIDENT'SMESSAGE Challengesand Future Directions
15
CSS NEWS
17
25YEARSAGO
18
APPLlCATIONSOF CONTROL Modeling and Control of Heavy-Haul Trains
25
93
PEOPLE IN CONTROL Herbert E. Rauch Rolf Isermann l'BOOKSHELF Feedback and Control for Everyone
Book Announcements
~
100
CONFERENCE REPORTS Workshop on Cyberphysical Applications in Smart Power Systems
102
CONFERENCECALENDAR
104
RANDOMINPUTS CDC 50th Anniversary Timeline
Certifi.edChainofClIstodv PromotingSustaintbl. SUSTAtNASlE FORESTRY
forest Mln_glm,nt
tNITlATM
~.sfiprogr.m.o'1
IEEE PERIODICALS MAGAZINES DEPARTMENT 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
SeniorManagingEditor GeraldineKrolin-Taylor SeniorArl Director JanetDudar AssistantArl Director GailA. Schnitzer ProductionCoordinator TheresaL. Smith Advertising Production Manager FeliciaSpagnoli ProductionDirector PeterM.Tuohy BusinessDevelopment Manager SusanSchneiderman +1 732 562 3946 Fax:+1 732 981 1855 ss.ieeemedia@ieee.org EditorialDirector DawnM.Melley StaftDirector PublishingOperations FranZappulla IEEEprohibitsdiscrimination, harassmen/, andbullying.Formoreinforma/ion, visi/ http://www.ieee.org/web/abou/us/wha/is/ policies/p9-26.html.
4 IEEE CONTROL SYSTEMS MAGAZINE»
MISSIONSTATEMENT ANOSCOPE:IEEECon/rolSys/emsMagazineis the officialmeans01communicationlor the IEEEControlSystems Society.IEEEControlSys/emsMagazinepublishesinteresting,uselul,andinlormativematerialon all aspects01control system technologylor the bene/it01control educators,practitioners.and researchers.With this mission statementin mind, IEEECon/rol Sys/emsMagazineencouragessubmissions,bothleaturearticlesandcolumns,on all aspects01control systemtechnology. SUBMISSIONOFMANUSCRIPTS: A leaturearticle providesan in-depthtreatment01eitheran application01control technologyor aninnovationin controleducation.Maximumlengthis 30pages,doublespaced,notincludingligures.Authorswishingto submitlonger papersmaycontacttheeditor-in-chie!. IEEECon/rolSys/emsMagazinepublishes avariety01columns."LectureNotes"canbetheoreticalin natureaslongastheyhaveclear tutorial valueandintenl. "Applications01Control"columnsare industriallyorientedsummaries01innovationsin controltechnology. Authorsareencouragedto contactthe editor-in-chíelaboutthe suitability01potentialcolumns. A detailedAuthor's Guidecan be lound at http://www.ieeecss.org/PAB/csm/.The specilicationsin this Guidemust be lollowed by all submissions. < AII manuscriptsmustbesubmittedelectronicallyin P.DFlormat to the Editor-in-ChielDennisS. Bernsteinat dsbaero@umich.edu. LATEXis prelerredlor manuscriptswith multipleequations.A LATEXtemplatecanbelound at http://www.ieeecss.org/PAB/csm/. SPECIALSECTlONS:IEEECon/rolSys/emsMagazineencouragesproposalslor specialsections.Proposersareencouragedto contact the editor-in-chielto discusspotentialtopics. BOOKSANOCONFERENCES: Submitinlormation aboutrecentiypublishedbooksto the associateeditor lor book reviews.Submit inlormation aboutpastandluture conlerencesto the correspondingeditor lor conlerences. AOVERTISING: IEEECon/rolSys/emsMagazineacceptsadvertisinglor educationalproducts,books,software,conlerences,employment,andcontrol-relatedtechnology.Forinlormationaboutadvertising,contactSusanSchneiderman,BusinessDevelopmentManager,lEEEMagazines,445 HoesLane,Piscataway,NJ08854 USA;+17325623946; lax: +1 7329811855; ss.ieeemedia@ieee.org. IEEECONTROLSYSTEMSMAGAZINE-(lSSN 1066-033X)(ISMAD7)is publishedbimonthlybyThe Institute01ElectricalandElectronics Engineers,Inc. Headquarters:3 ParkAvenue,17thFloor,NewYork,NY10016-5997,U.S.A.+1 2124197900. Responsibility lor the contentsrestsuponthe authorsandnot uponthe IEEE,the Society,or its members.Themagazineis a membershipbenelit01 the IEEEControlSystemsSociety,andsubscriptionsare $4.00per memberperyear (includedin Societylee). Replacementcopies lor membersareavailablelor $20 (onecopyonly). Nonmemberscanpurchaseindividualcopieslor$76.00. Nonmembersubscription pricesareavailableon requesl.CopyrightandReprintPermissions:Abstractingis permittedwith credit to the source.Librariesare permittedto photocopybeyondthe limits 01the U.S.Copyrightlaw lor privateuse01patrons:1)those post-1977articlesthatcarry a codeatthe bottom01thelirst page,providedthe per-copylee indicatedin the codeis paidthroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter,222 RosewoodDrive,Oanvers,MA01970, U.S.A.;and2) pre-1978articleswithoutlee. Forothercopying,reprint,or republicationpermission,write to: CopyrightsandPermissionsOepartment,IEEEServiceCenter,445 HoesLane,PiscatawayNJ08854,U.S.A. Copyright @2011 by TheInstitute01ElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,lnc.AII rights reserved.Periodicalspostagepaidat NewYork,NYand at additionalmailingoffices.Postmaster:Sendaddresschangesto IEEECOII/rolSys/emsMagazine,IEEE,445 HoesLane,Piscataway, NJ08854U.S.A.CanadianGST#125634188 Printed in U.S.A
AUGUST 2011
~att;E?elJ:!=iaD
Vol. 30, No. 4
for high-tech innovators
<OOtockbyte
'\
EditorialBoard
Contents
Editor-in-Chief Elizabeth T.B.Johnston
Design Alaska,Inc. Student Editor Sachin Seth Georgia
Ă1
4 IEEE Student Branch profile: "Que"ing up interest in Western Australia Craig Causer
Institute 01TechnoJogy
Associate Editors Regina Hannemann University01Kentucky Suzanne Rivoire Sonoma State University David Zihe Tian Carnegie Mellon University Ravi M.Todi IBMMicroelectronics
7 The way Isee it: Should the standard undergraduate engineering education be extended to five years? Duane Howard and Rohan Verma
Grad Ed: Secrets, Tips, and Techniques 10 A case for engineering beyond specialization Richard H. Spencer and Raymond E. Floyd
Kim W.Tracy Northeastern lIIinois University
12 Things I wish I knew Sachin Seth
George W. Zobrist Missouri University 01Science and Technology-Rolla
14 Etiquette for engineers: Tips for getting a great letter of recommendation
5taff
Rob Candler
18 A proofreading tool using brute force techniques
Craig Causer Managing Editor
Kai A. Olsen and Bard Indredavik
Geraldine Krolln-Taylor Senior Managing Editor Janet Dudar Senior Art Director
23 Reflections on the gentle art of effective teaching and mentoring John D. Cressler
Gail A. Schnitzer Assistant Art Director
27 Digital to-do: Paperless literature review Thorarin A. Bjarnason
Theresa L. Smith Production Coordinator Susan Schneiderman Business Development Manager +17325623946 Fax: +17329811855 Felicia Spagnoll Advertising Production Manager Dawn M. Melley EditorialDirector
Fran Zappulla Staft Director, Publishing Operations
AdvisoryCommittee
Darrel Chong (SAC Chair) Cecel/a Jankowski (MGA Managing Director) Digital Object Idmtifier 10. 1109/MPOT.2011.942127
2011
34
Mobile RFID
and its design security issues
AIi Kashif Bashir, 8ajjad Hussain Chauhdary, Sayed Chhattan Shah, and Myong-Soon Park
Frank H. Makinson
44 IPTV:An alternative to traditional cable and satellite television Matthew N.O. Sadiku and Sudarshan R. Nelatury
Chair
Howard E. Michel (MGA Chair)
JULY/AUGUST
My first job: Powering through limitations Enrique Tejera
39 A methodology to define physical constants using mathematical constants
Peter M.Tuohy Production Director
Ellzabeth T.B. Johnston, (Potentials EIC)
31
Departments 3 editorial
47 SACe-mail
3 thewayahead
48 gamesman
A
..APEX<m .... AWARDS POR PUBLICATION EXCB1.LENCE
1
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1.
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n JULV/AUGUST2011 Volume2 T Number} http://magazine.embs.org
PULSEl.
A MAGAZINE OF THE IEEEENGINEERINGIN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGYSOCIETY
",' i
FEATJJRES
22 New Investigator Grants Expand Research Opportunities by Cynthia Weber
24
Wanted/Found by Sarah Campbell
31
Boston Research Takes Center Stage by Pamela Reynolds
39
The MGH/HST Athinoula A. Martinos Center by George Bonmasser
43
The Wyss Institute at Harvard University by Donald E. Ingber
47
Neuroscience at MIT by Vincent c.K. Cheung and Emilio Bizzi
51
Northeastern
University
by Dana Brooks, Jeffrey Ruberti, and Caoimhe Bennis
55
From Bench to Bedside by Mark Dwortzan
59
The Center for Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technologies
68
by Colin J.H. Brenan
63
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology by Uly U. Burns-Hernandez and Julie E. Greenberg
7O
Global Health Technology 2.0 by Aya Caldwell, Anna Young, Jose Gomez-Marquez, and Kristian R. Olson
Biomedical Engineering
Continues to Make the Future by Sergio Fantini, Caoimhe Bennis, and David Kaplan
COLUMNS & DEPARTMENTS 4
FROM THE EDITOR
74
RETROSPECTROSCOPE
6
PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE
82
POINTOFVIEW
8 PERSPECTIVESON
84
BOOKREVIEW
GRADUATE LlFE
85
CALENDAR
12 GREATER
I~
BOSTON
CONVENTION
Certified Chain 01Custody SUSTAlNABU: PrOl!lOtinll Sustlinlb18 FORESTR'f forlstMlnlglment INlTIATM WMY.lnprQgrlm,of\l
AND VISITORS
EMBC 2011: BOSTON
BUREAU
-----------------------------------------------------Digita/ Object /dentifier 1O./109IMPUL.:lO/ /.94/448
JUlY/AUGUST 2011
...IEEEPULSE1
THESMALLEST SPACECRAFT WASLAUNCHED INMAY,ANDIT'S 4 CENTIMETERS LONG
HIGH-TECH .,SONARSREVEAL CITY-SIZE SCHOOLS
I OFFISH
I I I
ctrum
COVER STORY
30 AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS IN THE FOG OF WAR Military robots are getting smarter all the time, but they're still far from ready to act on their own. Here's why. By Lora G. Weiss COVER: NOEMOTlON THIS PAGE: 7DP. NOEMOTlON;
SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG
8OT7DM.
FRED BAVENDAMIGETTY
volume 48 number 8 north amerlcan
8.l1
36 MAGNET MAKEOVER
48 UNIDENTIFIED FLOATING OBJECTS
Compositeconstruction could make the permanent magnets inside motors and generators twice as good as today's best. By GeorgeHadjipanayis & A/exander Gabay
Wide-area sonar is changing the game ofunderwater exploration, revealing patterns of ocean life that no one has ever seen before. By Nicho/as Makris
42 CHIPS IN SPACE Shrinking spacecraft down to the size of integrated circuits could revolutionize the way we explore the solar system. By Mason Peck
IMAGES
AUGUST 2011 . IEEESPECTRUM . NA 1
volume 48 number 8 north amerlcan
ctrum
8.ll
SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG
AVAILABLE1AUGUST
Thé Art of Failure Sometimes art is
UPDATE
DEPARTMENTS
11 CISCO BETS ON A SMART CITY A South Korean city alms for the "most wlred" honor. By E/Iza Str/ckland
4 BACK STORV Our photo editor has had her picture taken many times, but never before In 3-D.
13 ENERGV POLITICS AFTER FUKUSHIMA
16 RECVCLED LIGHT
THEINSTITUTE.IEEE.ORG
OPINION
GEEK LIFE 24 How well does Wlklpedla handle controversy? By Mark Anderson 25 The lron Man sult is steadily movlng from comlc book to reallty. By Susan Karlln
8 SPECTRAL LlNES Utilltles must quell publlc fears about smart meters-or rlsk a backlash. By G. Pascal Zachary 28 TECHNICALLV SPEAKING Inevitably. the meme has spawned a whole new vocabulary of ideas. By Paul McFedrles
26 EDUCATION A new ranking of EE programs puts lesser-known schools at the topo By Prachl Patel 64 THE DATA Could Shakespeare have tweeted Hamlet? By Joel B. Predd
LUNAR MODULE EARNS MILESTONE The Grumman lunar module was the first vehlcle to land a person on an extraterrestrlal body-the moon. IEEE is recognizlng it wlth a Mllestone in Electrlcal Englneerlng and Computing.
ONLlNE WEBINARS & RESOURCES 18 August: Slmulation of Electrodeposltlon Processes USlng COMSOL Smart-Grld Control Systems: Movlng Towards a Self-Heallng Grld The Inslght You Want, the Data You Need: Transformlng inslghts Into Actlon
~
Printed wiIh inks containing soy andlor
...
vegetableoils
Model-8ased Solutions to the Code Malntenance Nlghtmare-Tackllng Key Development Headaches Acoustlcs Slmulatlon In Mlcrophones, Mobite Devices, and Hearlng Alds Using COMSOL Real-Time Mattersl Tlmlng and Performance Analysls for Embedded Systems
AVAILABLE 5 AUGUST
LATEST EDITION OF NATIONAL ELECTRICAL SAFETV CODE Learn about the 2012 Natlonal Electrlcal Safety Code, whlch is revlsed every flve years and publlshed exclusively by IEEE. The code sets the U.S. ground rules for the practlcal safeguarding of people durlng the Installatlon. operatlon, and malntenance of electric supply and communlcation lInes and associated equipment.
22 HANDS ON What are the tools that do-Ityourselfers need? We asked them. By James Turner
18 NANOMEMORIES
SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG
this charming dinosaur silhouette, which is actually a patch oflead on the surface of a ball of tin and lead solder.
6 CONTRIBUTORS 20 THE BIG PICTURE A glant Interactlve globe composed of thousands of organic LEDs makes its debut.
14 A FUSION ROCKET
accidental. At IEEE's 18th annual International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis ofIntegrated Circuits, held 4 to 7July in South Korea, participants submitted pictures of surreal and spectacular chip failures in a competition for the most affecting image. First place went to
SUSTAINABLE COMMUNICATION CONFERENCE The 2011 IEEE Thlrd Latln American Conference on Communlcatlons. to be held 24 to 26 October In Belém, Brazll. will focus on sustainable communicatlons for a green world.
AVAILABLE AT http://spectrum.ieee.org/webinar Effectlvely Managlng AUTOSAR Development
Klnetis ARM Cortex-M4 MCUs: The Inside Story
Dlgltlzing the Power Grld: Fundamentals of Smart Grld Senslng and Analytlcs
A Smart Approach to Maxlmlzlng ROl in Consumer Electronlcs Innovatlon
Uslng MATLA8 to Slmulate and Optlmlze Multlphysics Deslgns Parameter Estlmatlon and Model Valldation of Generatorl Excitation Systems
New product release IIbrary: http://spectrum.leee.org/statlc/ new-product-release-llbrary
IEEE SPECTRUM (lSSN 0018M9235) Is pubI!shed monthly bv1he Instltuteof Electrical and EIectronIcs Englneers.lnc. Al! r1ghts reserved.Cl20n by The Instltute of EtectrIcaI and Electronlcs Englneers.lnc:~3 ParkAvenue. New York.NY10016-5997. USA. The editorialcontent of IEEE5pectrum magazine does not represent offlclalposltlons of the IEEE or ItsorganIZatlonalunlts. CanadIan Post Intematlonal PubllcatlOns MaII (CanadIan Dlstrtbution) Sales Agreement No. 40013087. Renm undeIlvefable CanadIan addresses t:o: Clrculatlon Department:.IEEE Spectrum. Box 1051, Fort: Erie,ON L2A 6C7. Cabfeaddrett ITRIPlEE. Fax: +1212 4197570. INTERNET: spect:rurnOleee.of8. ANNUAI.. SUBSCRIPTIONS: IEEE Members: $21.40 n:1uded In dues.1..barIesI lnst:tt:uUons: $399. POSTMASTER: PIease send address changes t:OIEEESpectrum, CJbCodIngDepartment IEEEServiceCent:er.445 HoesLane.80x 1331.Plscat:away. NJ 08855. PerIodbIs post:age paJdat:New York.NY.and addltlonal matllngoffIces.CanacllanGST _125634188.Pr1nt:edat:120DonnetleyDr~GIasgow.KV42141.1060.U.SA IEEE Spectn.m clrculationtsaudlted by BPAWortdwIde.IEEE Spectrum Isa membel"of AmerIcanBusInessMedia.the MagazInePublIshersof Amerlca.anclAssoclatlonMedia&Publlshlng.lEEEprohlbltsdlscrlmlnaUon. harassment:. and bullylng. FoI"more Informatlon. vlslt: ht:t:p://www.Ieee.orgIweblaboutus/Whatls/pollcIes/p9-26.html.
AUGUST 2011 . IEEESPECTRUM . NA 3