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Circuits andSystem~ Volume 11,Number 4 Fourth Quarter 2011

Exploiting the Body of MOS Devices Analog Design

8 for High Performance

PietroMonsurro,SalvatorePennisi,GiuseppeScotti,andAlessandro Trifiletti With the progressive reduction of MOS transistors minimum dimension and their associated supply voltages, the body terminal-considered in the past as an exclusive source of unwanted second order effects-has been advantageously exploited by digital designers and is also becoming an attractive opportunity for the implementation of highperformance analog integrated circuits. In this paper, we willdiscuss some techniques that can be applied to many conventional analog building blocks in order to improve their performance (such as gain and linearity) and/or decreasing their supply demandoExperimental prototypes have been implemented and tested, showing that the proposed techniques are promising candidates for enhanced analog ICdesign in nanoscale technologies.

24 e DIGITAl

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IEEE Clreuil. and Systems Magazine (lSSN 15314:i36X) (1CDMEN) 15 publlshed quarterly by the Instltute 01 Elec~ .rlcal and Electronlcs Englneers, Inc. Headquarters: 3 Park Avenue. 17th FlOOf. New York. NY. 10016-5997 USA. Responslbllity for the contents rests upon the authors and not upon the IEEE, the Society. or Its members. IEEE Service Center (for orders. subscrtptlons, address changes): 445 Hoes lane, Plscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Telephone: +1 732981 0060. +1 800 678 4333. Individual copies: IEEE members $20.00 (flrsl copy ooly), nonmembers $128.00 per copy; S7.00 per member per year (lncluded In Soclety fee) for each member al the IEEEClrcults and Systems Society. Subscrlptlon fates avallable upon request. Copyright and Reprint Permission: Abstractlng Is permitted wlth credlt lo the source. Ubrarles are permUted lo photocopy beyond the IImits of the U.s.Copyrightlawlor prlvate use al patrons: 1) those post-1977 artlcles that carry acode at the boUom 01 the first page. provided lhe per<opy lee Indicated In the code Is pald through the Copyright Clearance Center. 222 Rosewood Drlve. Danvers. MA 01923; and 2) pre-1978 artlcles wllhout lee. For other copying. reprlnt. or republlcation permlssion. wrlte to: Copyrlghts and Permissions Department. IEEE Service Center. 44S Hoes Lane. Piscataway. NJ 08854 USA. Copyright e 2011 by Ihe InsUtute 01 Electrlcal and Electronlcs Fngineers. Ine. AJI rlghts reserved. Perlodlcals postage paid at New York. NY. and at addlUonal mailing oUlces. Postmaster: Send address changes to IEEEClrcuits and Systems Magazine. IEEE Operations Center. 445 Hoes Lane. Piscalaway. NJ. 08854 USA Printed in U.SA

Architecture Optimizations for the RSA Public Key Cryptosystem: A Tutorial AaronE.CahenandKeshabK.Parhi The Rivest Shamir Adleman (RSA) cryptosystem, named after its creators, is one of the most popular public key cryptosystems. The RSA cryptosystem has been utilized for e-commerce, various forms of authentication, and virtual private networks. The importance of high security and faster implementations paved the way for RSA crypto-accelerators, hardware implementations of the RSA algorithm. This work consists of describing various approaches to implementing RSA crypto-accelerators based on the "textbook" version of the RSA cryptosystem and comparing their area requirements. Many of the techniques described here have applications elsewhere such as in digital signal processing and error correcting codeso This paper presents the four fundamental architectures: the bitserial squaring architecture, two bit-serial systolic array modular multiplication architectures, and the interleaved.modular multiplication architecture.

Digital Object /dentifier 1O./109/MCA5.20//.942749

FOURTH OUARTER 2011

IEEECIRCUITSANDSYSTEMSMAGAZINE

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ABDUTTHISISSUE

T ded systems-cost and power consumption-while

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he essence toofuse the the codesign challenge for exascale systemsis keydesign criteriaof embed-

Darren J. Kerbyson,Abhinav Vishnu, KevinJ. Barker,and AdolfyHoisie Thecomplexityoflarge-scaleparallelsystems necessitatesthe simultaneousoptimizationof multiplehardwareand softwarecomponentsto meet performance,efficiency,and fault-tolerance goals.AcodesignmethodologyusingmodeJing can benefitsystemson the path to exascale computing.

CDVERFEATURES 6UESTEDITORS' INTRDDUCTIDN

19 Codesign for Systems and

VladimirGetov,AdolfyHoisie, and Harvey J. Wasserman The dock speed benefits of Moore's law have ended, and researchers must codesign future exascale HPCsystems and applications concurrently in an integrated manner to achieve higher performance under stringent power and reliabilityconstraints.

The iPlant Collaborative: Cyberinfrastructure to Feed Dan Stanzione As plant biology becomes a data-driven science, new computing technologies are needed to address many formidable challenges. The iPlant Collaborative provides cyberinfrastructure for

researchersand developersto collaboratein creatingbetter tools,workflows,algorithms,and

Hardware-Software

ontologies.

I .k II

PERSPECTIVES

53. Defending against Buffer-

computinginitiativehas identifiedhardware-

Overflow Vulnerabilities

software codesign as a central strategy in achieving more agile hardware development. Hardware simulation and code analysis tools

Bindu Madhavi Padmanabhuni

and Hee Beng KuanTan

that facilitatedeeper collaborationbetween

Asurvey of techniques ranging from static analysis to hardware modification describes how , various defensive approaches protect against

hardware architects and application teams will be an essential component of the codesign

- buffer overflow,a vulnerability that represents a

process.

severe security threat.

Codesign for InfiniBand Clusters

(

! I

RESEARCH FEATURE

SayantanSur,SreeramPotluri,

KrishnaKandalla,HariSubramoni, Dhabaleswar K.Panda, and KarenTomko Codesigningapplicationsand communication libraries to leverage underlying network features is imperative for achieving optimal performance on modern computing clusters.

John Shalf, Dan Quinlan, and Curtis Janssen The USDepartment of Energy's exascale

-f

the World

Codesign for Exascale Systems

CDMPUTING PRACTICES

Applications: Charting the Path to Exascale Computing

Rethinking

Codesign Challenges for Exascale Systems: Performance, Power, and Reliability

creating systems that are useful and effective over the broad range of applicationsneeded to advance science. Thecoverfeaturesinthisspecialissuehavebeen selected to cover a cross-sectionof the codesign space and the relevantconcernsand challenges.

g le om p ute,

Giuseppe Nuti, Mahnoosh Mirghaemi, Philip Treleaven,and ChaiyakornYingsaeree

Traders increasingly use automated systems for one or more stages of the trading process, yet ..

AIgorithmic Thading

the secrecy and complexity of the algorithms prompt providing an overview of how these systems

work.

I l

I Formore information on computing topies, visitthe Computer SocietyDigitallibrary at www.computer.orglcsdl.

Flagship

IEEEComputer Society: http://computer.org Computer: http://computer.org/computer

Publication of the IEEE Computer Society

computer@computer.org IEEEComputer Society Publications Office: +1 714821 8380

6 (j

The Known World The Honest Give-and-Take David Alan Grier

32 & 16 Years Ago Computer,November 1979and 1995 Neville Holmes

NEWS

11 Technology News Turning on the Lights for Wireless Communications Lee Garber

15 News Briefs 83 Industry Perspective

Lee Garber

Opportunities in the Mobile Search Market José Luis Gómez-Barroso, Claudio Feijóo, and Ramón Compañó

MEMBERSHIP NEWS

IEEE Computer

Connection

Society

87 Hard Issues

73 Call and Calendar

If Anything in This Life 15Certain, It's That You Can KillAny ISA

CDLUMNS

Shubu Mukherjee

75 Green IT End-to-End Energy Management Yung-Hsiang Lu, Qinru Qiu, AIi R.Butt, and Kirk w. Cameron

Human Ear Recognition Arun Ross and Ayman Abaza See www.computer.org/computermultimedia for multimedia content related to the features in this issue.

Social Computing Crowdsourcing Maps Mikhil Masli

112

79 Identity Sciences

The Profession Automated Personal Assistants Kai A. Olsen and Alessio Malizia

DEPARTMENTS 4 EIsewhere in the es 78 eomputer Society Information 94 eareer Opportunities

Reuse Rights and Reprint Permissions: Educational or personal use of this material is permitted without fee. provided such use: 1) is not made for profit: 2) includes this notice and a full citation to the original work on the first page of the copy: and 3) does not imply IEEE endorsement of any third-party products or services. Authors and their companies are permitted to post the accepted version of their IEEE-copyrighted material on their own Web servers without permission. provided that the IEEE copyright no tic e and a full citation to the original work appear on the first screen of the posted copy. An accepted manuscript is a version which has been revised by the author to incorporate review suggestions. but not the published version with copyediting. proofreading and formatting added by IEEE. For more information. please go to: http:// www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/paperversionpolicy.html.

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Permission to reprint/republish this material for commercial. advertising. or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to the IEEE Intellectual Property Rights Office. 445 Hoes Lane. Piscataway. NJ 08854-4141 or pubs-permissions@ieee.org. Copyright <1) 2011 IEEE. AII rights reserved. Abstracting and Library Use: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy for private use of patrons. provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center. 222 Rosewood Drive. Danvers. MA 01923. IEEE prohibits discrimination. harassment. web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.htmI.

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November/December

2011

Volume 31, Number 6

Published by the IEEEComputer Society

ThemeArticles

that overlap, cross, and connect. A meshing algorithm supports multiple strokes of different classifications, which lets users design complex 3D shapes from

Digital-Content Authoring

Guest Editors' Introduction TakeoIgarashi and Radomír Méeh

sketches drawn over existing images.

Large-Scale

Physics-Based

Terrain

Editing Juraj Vanek.Bedfich Benes.Adam Herout. and Ondfej Stava

NaturaSketch: Modeling from Images and Natural Sketches LukeOlsen.Faramarz F. Samavati, andJoaquim

Most terrain modelers fail on large-scale phenomena

and

A. Jorge

focus only on limited effects. An intuitive physics-based

NaturaSketch lets users create digital sketches using

with previous approaches.

natural, freehand strokes-similar

system can process terrain sizes that weren't possible to sketching with

a pencil and paper. Users can apply multiple strokes

A Behavior-Authoring

Framework

for

Multiactor Simulations

Mubbasir Kapadia,ShawnSingh.GlennReinman. andPetrosFaloutsos Authoring worlds

complicated

multiactor

is challenging.

a multiagent

interactions

This proposed

planner

to balance

approach

control

in virtual employs

flexibility

and

automation.

Photosketcher: Interactive SketchBased Image Synthesis Mathias Eitz, Ronald Richter, Kristian Hildebrand, TamyBoubekeur.and Mare Alexa Photosketcher sparse systems

synthesizes

user sketches

aim to synthesize

Photosketcher collections

novel images,

as input.

Whereas

sketch

realistic novel photographs,

is the first to interactively of untagged

using only all photo

work with large

images.

Theme Tutorial

Curve-Based Shape Modeling-

a Tutorial Pushkar Joshi This tutorial provides an introduction to curve-based modeling of 3D shapes. It describes methods that represent the three main approaches in curve-based modeling: extruding 2D shapes, inflating 2D shapes, and drawing 3D curves.

ore es!

Cover ort: Event Schematic,

@2011 Debí Peralto

ISSN 0272-1716

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http://www.computer.org/cga

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FeatureArticle

Nonplnhole Approxlmatlons for Interactlve Renderlng KyleHayward,and PaulRasen,VaicuPapescu, ChrisWyman Orthographic or perspective images are often used to approximate geometry. These approximations capture only what's visible from one direction or viewpoint. Nonpinhole camerascan improve approximation quality at little additional costoA proposed nonpinhole camera demonstrates these advantages by way of reflections, refractions,relieftexture mapping, and ambient occlusion.

Inside back

Departments

cover Advanced

3 Fromthe Editor A New Department Dlscusslon GabrielTaubin

IEEEComputer Society Information, p. 66

and a Panel

Advertiser /Product Index, p. 89 CG&A'sAnnuallndex for 2011 is available online at www.computer.org/cga/11 index

4 About the Cover Her Own Virtual Gallery of Art Gary Singh

6 VisualizationViewpoints Toward a General l/O Layer for Parallel-Vlsuallzatlon Appllcatlons Wesley Kendall, fian Huang, Tam Peterka, Rabert Latham, and Rabert Rass

11 Graphically Speaking Treevls.net: A Tree Vlsuallzatlon

Reference

Hans-forgSchulz

84 Graphics Math & Code 3D Rotatlons Gabriel Taubin

90 Applications Modellng

GraphlcsTechnology

Neck and Braln Injuries in

Infants Ernesto Pance and Daniel Pance

For more information on computing topies, visit the Computer Society Digital Library at www.computer. org/csdl.

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SEMANTICS

IN LOCATION-BASED

SERVICES

10 Guest I

Editor's Introduction

Sergio lIarri, Arantza and Amit Sheth

lIIarramendi,

Eduardo Mena,

15 Semantic Traffic~AwareRouting Using the LarKCPlatform Emanuele Della Valle, Irene Celino, Daniele Dell'Aglio, Ralph Grothmann, Florian Steinke, and Volker Tresp

24 A Framework for Integrating, Exploring, and Searching Location-Based Web Data Alessandro Bozzon, Marco Brambilla, and Silvia Quarteroni

Stefano Ceri,

32 Mobile Querying of Online Semantic Web Data for Context-Aware Applications William Van Woensel, Sven Casteleyn, Elien Paret, and alga De Troyer For more informatian on these or any other computing topies, please visit the IEEEComputer Society Digital Library at www.eomputer.org/publications/dlib.

ALSO

IN THIS

ISSUE

Virtual World Architectures 40 A Semantic Approach to Virtual World Standard s David J.H. Burden

44 Learhing a Foreign Language in a Mixed~Reality Environment María Blanca Ibáñez, Carlos Delgado Kloos, Derick Leony, José Jesús García Rueda, and David Maroto

Video

Transport

48 Toward Lossless Video Transport John Evans, Ali C. Begen, Jason Greengrass, and Clarence Filsfils

Home Networks 58 A Semantically Enhanced UPnP Control Point for Sharing Multimedia Content Mariano Rico, Oscar Corcho, Víctor Méndez, and José Manuel Gómez-Pérez

Publishedbythe IEEEComputerSoeiety http://www.eomputer.org/miero

,...

Volume31 Number5

September/Oetober 2011

Features 4

Guest Editor's Introduction: CPUs, GPUs, and Hybrid Computing David Brooks GPUs and the Future of Parallel Computing

StephenW Keckler,William J Dally, BrucekKhailany,

Michael Garland,and David Glasco 18

Multi-GPU DGEMM and High Performance Linpack on Highly Energy-Efficient Clusters David Rohr,Matthias Bach,Matthias Kretz, and VolkerLindenstruth

PEPPHER: Efficient and Productive of Hybrid Computing Systems

SiegfriedBenkner, Sabri Pllana, JesperLarsson Trdff Philippas Tsigas,Uwe Dolinsky, Cédric Augonnet, Beverly Bachmayer,Christoph Kessler,David Moloney, and Vitaly Osipov 42

Implementing Domain-Specific Languages for Heterogeneous Parallel Computing HyoukJoongLee, Kevin J Brown, Arvind K Sujeeth, Hassan Chafi, Kunle Olukotun, Tiark Romp¡; and Martin Odersky

Medical Ultrasound to GPU?

Imaging: To GPU or Not

Hayden K-H So,Junying Chen, Billy Y.S. Yiu, and Alfred C.H Yu 66

Performance Implications of Nonuniform Device Topologies in Scalable Heterogeneous Architectures Jeremy S. Meredith, Philip C. Roth, Kyle 1. Spafford, and J effrey S. Vetter

Departments 2

From the Editor in Chief CPUs and GPUs: Who Owns che Fucure?

Micro Review Effeccive Communicacion

Micro Economics The Wi-Fi Journey Compucer Socieey lnformacion, p. Advercising/Producc lndex, p. 75

Cover artwork by Peter Nagy peternagy@earthlink.net

Usage

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SUPPLEMENT 10

LL:L:L: IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society Editor Kate A. Remley National Institute of Standards and Technology

for!heMiaowave& Wirefess Engineer Volume 12

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microwave.editor@ieee.org Assistant Editor Sharri Shaw National Institute of Standards and Technology +13034974923 microedt@nist.gov Area Editors e-NewsIetter Takao Inoue National Instruments microwave.e-news@ieee.org MicroBusiness Fred Schindler RF Micro Devices m.schindler@ieee.org BooklSoftware Reviews Alfy Riddle MI A-COM Technology Solutions ariddle@ieee.org Recently Published Books Madhu Gupta San Diego State University m.gupta@ieee.org MIT World Pilar Molina Gaudo University of Zaragoza (Spain) pmolina@ieee.org Loose Features Robert H. Caverly Villanova University robert.caverly@Villanova.edu New Products Michael Majerus Freescale Serniconductor microwave.newproducts@ieee.org In Memoriam Jerry Hausner Electro Sdence Technologies jhausner@aol.com

516 The Head of the Class Poweramplifiersfor wirelessand radio applications Murat Eron, Burnman Kim, Frederick Raab, Robert Caverly, and Joseph Staudinger

534 No Strings Attached Smart bioinstruments Mohamed Mahfouz, Gary To, and Michael Kuhn

549 Where Is the Tag? History, modern concepts,and applications of locatable RFIDs Robert Miesen, Randolf Ebelt, Fabian Kirsch, Tobias Schafer, Gang Li, Haowei Wang, and Martin Vossiek

564 Power Without Wires Wireless power transmission-past, Naoki Shinohara

present, and future

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and

novel radio-frequency functionality in CM OS back-end-of-line Adrian M. Ionescu,JeanDijon, and John Robertson

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5 1

Nanofibers for RF and Beyond Broadbandmetrologyof nanofibersto enableRF interconnects T. Mitch Wallis, Kichul Kim, Dejan S. Filipovic,

and Pavel Kabos

62 Polymers for RF Apps Advanced polymers for RF packaging applications Madhavan Swaminathan, Venky Sundararn, John Papapolyrnerou, and P. Markondeya Raj

features

78 Microwave Imaging for Breast Cancer Microwavenear-fieldimagingof huĂnan tissue: Challenges,hopes,outIook NataliaK. Nikolova

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J(yotocontinues to serveas a center of tradition and innovation. KAZUMI MATSUSHIGE

TheBeallsOn:Orapbene Applications 15 Thermal manag8ment of nanoelectronics and 3-D electronics.

ALEXANDERA. BALANDIN

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DECEMBER2011 1IEEENANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 11

NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2011

WWW.COMPUTER.ORG/SOFTWARE

Climate Change: Science and Software

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FEATURES

CLIMATE CHANGE: SCIENCE AND SOFTWARE

66 Pattern-Based Architecture Reviews NeilB.Harrisonand ParisAvgeriou

32 Climate Change: Science and Software Guest Editors' Introduction Steve M. Easterbrook, Paul N. Edwards,

72 Using Guidelines to Improve Quality in Software Nonfunctional Attributes

Venkatramani Balaji,and Reinhard Budich

Malik Hneif and Sai Peck Lee

36 Clear Climate Code: Rewriting

Legacy Science Software for Clarity Nick Barnes and David Jones

Managing Software Complexity and Variability in Coupled Climate Models SpencerRugaber, Rocky Dunlap, Leo Mark, and SameerAnsari

SASSY: A Framework for Self-Architecting Service-Oriented Systems DanielA. MenascĂŠ,HassanGomaa, Sam Malek, and Joao P. Sousa

Verification and Validation for Trustworthy Software Systems JamesBret Michael, Doron Drusinsky,

Software Testing and Verification in Climate Model Development Thomas L. Clune and Richard B. Rood

56 Enabling Open Development Methodologies in Climate Change Assessment Modeling

Thomas W. Otani, and Man-Tak Shing

INSIGHTS

9 What an Agile Architect Can Learn from a:Hurricane Meteorologist Eric Richardson

Joshua Introne, Robert Laubacher, and Thomas Malone

62 Point/Counterpoint Open Source Climate Model Development Is Worth It Isaac Held Should Climate Models Be Open Source? David Randall

Building the Community oĂ Leading Software Practitioners

www.computer.org/software

EDITOR IN CHIEF ForrestShull fshull@compuler.org EDITOR IN CHIEF EMERITUS: Hakan Erdogmus, Kalemun Research

ASSOCIATE EDITOR S IN CHIEF ComputingNow:MaurizioMorisio, Polilecnicodi Torino;maurizio,morisio@polito.it Design/Architecture:UweZdun, University 01Vienna;uwe,zdun@univie,ac,at DevelopmentInfrastructuresandTools: ThomasZimmermann, MicrosoftResearch; tzimmer@microsolt.com Distributedand EnterpriseSoftware: JohnGrundy,Swinburne University 01Technology; john-g@cs,auckland,ac,nz

DEPARTMENTS

EmpiricalStudies:TOleDyba,SINTEF; Tore,Dyba@sintef.no,

From the Editor

Assuring the Future? A Look at Validating Climate Model Software

The Pragmatic Architect

To Pay or Not to Pay Technical Debt Frank Buschmann

Forrest Shull

93Impact 10 MLOC in Your Office Copier YukiTsuchitoiand HidekiSugiura

13 Software Technology Reengineering Technologies Ricardo Pérez-Castillo, Ignacio García-Rodriguez de Guzmán, Mario Piattini, and Christof Ebert

18 On Architecture The Architecture of Small Things Grady Booch

Viewpoints

Voice of Evidence

Developing Fault-Prediction Models: What the Research Can Show Industry Tracy Hall, Sarah Beecham, David Bowes, David Gray, and SteveCounsell

100 Requirements

From Programming to Modelingand Back Again MarkusVolter

The Inhibited Analyst NeilMaiden

104 Sounding

Tools of the Trade

Lessons from Space

HumanandSocialAspeets: Margaret-Anne (Peggy)Storey,University 01Victoria, Canada;mstorey@uvic,ca Management:JohnFavaro,Intecs;john@lavaro,net ProgrammingLanguagesand Paradigms: LaurenceTratt,King'sCollegeLondon;laurie@tratt.net Proeesses:WollgangStrigel,consultant; strigel@qalabs,com Quality:AnnieCombelles, DNv/Q-Labs; annie,combelles@dnv,com Requirements:NeilMaiden,CityUniversity London;cc559@soi.city,ac,uk JaneCleland-Huang, DePaulUniversity; jhuang@cti,depaul.edu DEPARTMENT

LesHatton,KingstonUniversity OnArehitecture:GradyBooch,IBMResearch PragmaticArchitect:FrankBuschmann, Siemens Requirements:NeilMaiden,CityUniversity London SoftwareTeehnology:ChristolEbert,Vector SoundingBoard:PhilippeKruchten, Toolsof the Trade:DiomidisSpinellis, AthensUniversity 01Economics andBusiness Voieeof Evidence:ToreDyba.SINTEF HelenSharp,TheOpenUniversity

ADVISORY

Pekka Abrahamsson, Free University01Bozen-Bolzano

Inside How to Reach Us Front Cover

BOARD

Frances Paulisch, Siemens (Chair)

MISCELLANEOUS

EDITORS

Bookshelf:Art Sedighi,SoftModule Impact:MichielvanGenuchten, OpenDigitalDentistry

University01British Columbia

Board,

All Late Projects Are the Sllme TomDeMarco

Diomidis Spinellis and Henry Spencer

Insightsand ExperienceReports:linda Rising, consultant;Iinda@lindarising,org

Call for Papers: Mobile Software Development Advertiser Information

102

Call for Papers: Lean Software Development IEEEComputer Society Information

Ayse Basar Bener, Ryerson University Jan Bosch, Chalmers Univ, 01Technology Taku Fujii, Osaka GasInlormation System Research Institute Robert L. Glass, Computing Trends Kevlin Henney,consultant

Online 2011 Annual Index: www.computer.org/ software/llindex

Gregor Hohpe, Google Dorothy McKinney, Lockhead Martin Space Systems Grigori Melnik, Microsoft Ipek Ozkaya,Software EngineeringInstitute Wollgang Strigel, consultant

CertifiedFiber fg~l~f~~BLESourcing INITIATlVE www,sfiprogram,org

Prlnted wlth Inb contalnlng soyandfor

vegetable

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For more information on eomputing topies, visit the Computer Soeiety Digital Library at www.eomputer.org/esdl.

Douglas R. Vogel, City Univ,01Hong Kong Markus Volter, consultant Rebecca Wirls-Brock, Wirls-Brock Associates

DECEMBER 2011 VOLUME 6 NUMBER 4 www.vtsociety.org

FEA TURES 16

Design of Low-Density Parity-Check Codes An Overview NicholasBonello,Sheng Chen,andLajosHanzo

A Hybrid City Car,

pp. 24-37

A Hybrid City Car Prototype by ENEA for Urban Mobility Ennio Rossi and Carlo Vil/ante

38 CoherentVersusNoncoherent Linear Dispersion Space-Time Codes Nan Wu,ShinyaSugiura,and LajosHanzo

An Opened Eye on You Stealthy Video Capturer . Nan Xu, Weijia Jia, Yisha Luo, Fan Zhang, Dong Xuan, and Jin Teng

Coherent Versus Noncoherent, pp.38-48

WIMAX.and Bluetooth Colocated

Coexistence

in a Mobile Handset

Wonyong Yoon

68 AutomotiveShift Magnetic Field Modeling of Cylindrical Permanent Magnet XiaocuiZhou, WeiSun, GuoruiZhao, and Yu Wang

WIMAX

and

Bluetooth, pp. 6~7 Digital

Cover ยกmage credit-@Digital

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DECEMBER 2011 I IEEEVEHICULAR 1ECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE

1111

IEEE

Antennas& Propagation + IEEE Magazine

Volume 53, No. 4, August 2011

www.ieeeaps.org

(ISSN 1045-9243)

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Table of Contents Feature Articles Photoresist-Based Polymer Resonator Antennas: Lithography Fabrication, Strip-Fed Excitation, and Multimode Operation Atabak Rashidian, David M.Klymyshyn, Mohammadreza TayfehAligodarz,MartinBoemer, and Jürgen Mohr

Coherence, Compressive Sensing, and Random Sensor Arrays LawreneeCarin,DehongL/u,andBin Guo

Radio-Electric Validation of an Electronic Cowbell Based on ZigBee Technology J. A. Gay-Fernández, ,. Cuiñas, M. G. Sánchez, and A. \1.Alejos

Design of an Edge-Coupled Dual-Ring Split-Ring Resonator Anju Pradeep, S. Mridula, and P. Mohanan

Low-Cost Procedure for Radar-Imaging Simulation M. G.Araujo,J. L. Rodriguez,J. M. Taboada,F. Obelleiroandl. Gareia-Tuñon

Compact Circularly Polarized Symmetric-Slit Microstrip Antennas

Nasimuddin, X. Qing,andZ.N.Chen

Comparison of 1.8 GHz Cellular Outdoor Measurements with AWAS Electromagnetic Code and Conventional Models Over Urban and Suburban Regions of Northern India M. V.S. N. Prasad,SaurabhGupta,andM. M. Gupta

Also in this Issue ChangeofAddress

In Memqriam: Man Fai Wong

145

FelsenAward iWAT2011

247 241

Departments

Editor'sComments- Stone

President's Message -

Salazar-Palma

AP-SChapterNews- Shen

Departments (Cont'd) Et Cetera- AkgOl

Meetings and Symposia - Wasky

150 154

ShortCourses- Wasky Lettersto the Editor EducationColumn- Kelley HiddenWord- Gardiol EthicallySpeaking- Haupt

158 160 178 202 204

WireleesComer- Rajo-Iglesias

216

IEEE-USA AMTA Comer

226 230

Intellectual Property and Patent Abstracts - Henderson

207

Antenna Designer's Notebook - MiIIigan Measurements Comer - Fiseher and LaHaie

94 103

ReviewsandAbstracts- Weile

113

HistoricalComer- Pelosi

248

EM Programmer's Notebook - Davidson AP-S Turnstile - 8ansal

118 146

Testing Ourselves - Sevgi Antenna Applications Comer - Rao and Kralovec

262

Schneider and Kemp

251

Cover: The two-dimensional normalized top, side, and frontal projections of an F18's fjJfjJradar cross section for frontal incidence at 1 GHz with a resolution of one-half wavelength. See the feature article by M.G. Araujo, J. L. Rodriguez, J. M.Taboada, F. Obelleiro, and l. GarciaTuñon.

Address editorial correspondence to the Editor-in-Chief, W. Ross Stone, Stoneware Limited, 840 Armada Terrace, San Diego, CA 92106 USA; Tel: +1 (619) 222-1915; Fax: +1 (619) 222-1606; E-mail: r.stone@ieee.org. The IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine (ISSNI045-9243) is'published bimonthly beginning in February of each year by the Antennas and Propagation Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. It is mailed at the end of the month of issue. IEEE Headquarters: 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08855-1331 USA, Tel: +1 (800) 678-4333, +1 (732) 981-0060; Fax: +1 (732) 981-9667; E-mail: customerservice@ieee.org. $6.00 per member per year included in Society fees is paid as the subscription price. The Magazine is the successor publication to the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter. The Newsletter carried volume numbers 1 through 31, enping with December, 1989; the Magazine began with volume number 32 in 1990. Institutional and non-member subscriptions: Institutions and individuals who are not members of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society may subscribe to the Magazine: see the current IEEE subscription price list at http:// www.ieee.orglpublications_standards/publications/subscriptions/info/subpricelist.html. or contact Customer Service. Copyright and reprint permissions: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source: Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee and with credit to the source, in accordance with the "fair use" doctrine of US and intemational copyright laws. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of the copyright law for the private use ofpatrons 1) those post-1977 articles that carry acode at the bottom ofthe first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970 USA; and 2) pre-1978 articles without fee. Contact the Editor-in-Chief regarding reprinting by other IEEE publications and other publications. For all other copying, reprinting, conversion into electronically-readable form, or republication permission, write to Copyrights and Permissions Department, IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08855-1331 USA. Copyright @2011 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., acting as agent and trustee for the Antennas and Propagation Society. AlI rights reserved. Printed in USA. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Antennas and Propagation Magazine Address Change at the IEEE Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331USA. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, Vol. 53, No. 4, August 2011

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ELECTRICAL INSULATION I November/December

2011

FEATURE

A Publication of the Dielectrics &Electricallnsulation Society

ARTICLES

PEPAIITIUT, 8

Partial Discharge lnfluence on Dissipation Factor Values During Stator-Bar Testing Alfredo Contin and Hugh Zhu

Editorial Simoll Rowland

The article investigates how partial discharge activity can influence dissipation factor values in stator-bar testing.

From the Edito.rs' Desk Ed Cherney, Robert Fleming, and Louise Audrieth

15 Power Transformer End-of-Life Assessment-Pracana Case Study

45 DEIS News

M.Augusta Martins, M贸nica Fialho, Jorge Martins, M谩rio Soares, Maria Cristina, R. Castro Lopes, and Hugo M. R. Campelo

46 NewsFrom

Japan

The article describes a cost-benefit methodology that is useful to asset managers when making decisions to replace or refurbish power transformers.

y.Ohki

48 Book Reviews

27 On-Load Tap Changer Diagnosis-An Off-Line Method for Detecting Degradation and Defects: Part 2 Jur J. Erbrink, Edward Gulski, Johan J. Smit, ROryLeich, Ben Quak, and Ryszard A. Malewski

John J. Shea

54 Meetings Calendar Resi Zarb

Interpretation of dynarnic resistance measurements on on-Ioad tap changers made directly after regular maintenance can prevent transformer failure.

37 Effect of Limiting Airflow in Mitigating Combu~tionDriven Manhole Events LilyZhang, Steven A. Boggs, and George Murray Limiting oxygen flow in secondary cable duct can mitigate combustion-driven manhole events.

Cover Photo: Dismantling of a 150-kV transformer, described in the article starting on page 15, a rare opportunity to assess the aging of a transformer that has reached its end of life.

November/December

- Vol. 27, No. 6