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Endnotes & Bibliography
ENDNOTES
1 Public Safety Canada, “Human Trafficking.” 2 Public Safety Canada, “The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” 3 Public Safety Canada, “Human Trafficking.” 4 Gillis, “Human trafficking Conviction, a first for Toronto.” 5 Public Safety Canada, “The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” 6 Canada 7 Perrin, “First Conviction for Human Trafficking Video Transcript.” 8 “Labour Trafficking.” 9 Canada 10 Canada 11 Canada 12 “Domotor Case.” 13 Public Safety Canada, “The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” 14 Public Safety Canada, “The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” 15 Public Safety Canada, “The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” 16 “Police-reported human trafficking in Canada, 2009 to 2018.” 17 “National Strategy To Combat Human Trafficking 2019-2024.” 18 “National Strategy To Combat Human Trafficking 2019-2024.” 19 Lopez-Martinez, “Sex trafficking still a prevalent issue across Canada police say.” 20 “National Strategy To Combat Human Trafficking 2019-2024.” 21 Public Safety Canada, “ The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking." 22 Public Safety Canada, “The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” 23 Public Safety Canada, “ The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” 24 Public Safety Canada, “The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” 25 Public Safety Canada, “The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” 26 Public Safety Canada, “The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” 27 Public Safety Canada, “Human Trafficking.” 28 Public Safety Canada, “Human Trafficking.” 29 Public Safety Canada, “Human Trafficking.” 30 “National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking.” 31 Public Safety Canada, “Human Trafficking."
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Public Safety Canada. “Human Trafficking.” Accessed July 16, 2020. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/cntrng-crm/hmn-trffckng/index-en.aspx Public Safety Canada. “The Way Forward to End Human Trafficking.” Accessed July 18, 2020. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/wy-frwrd-nd-hmn-trffckng-ppr/index-en.aspx Gillis, Wendy. “Human trafficking conviction a first for Toronto.” The Star. May 27, 2014. Accessed on July 18, 2020. https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2014/05/27/human_trafficking_conviction_a_first_for_toronto.html “Canada”. Global Slavery Index. Accessed July 20, 2020. https://www.globalslaveryindex.org/2018/findings/country-studies/canada/#footnote:18 Perrin, Benjamin. “First Conviction for Human Trafficking Video Transcript.” British Columbia. Accessed on July 20, 2020. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/justice/criminal-justice/victims-of-crime/human-trafficking/human-trafficking-training/module-2/ case-study-2/video-transcript “Labour Trafficking.” National Human Trafficking Hotline. Accessed on July 22, 2020. https://humantraffickinghotline.org/type-trafficking/labor-trafficking “Domotor Case.” PACT-Ottawa. Accessed on July 23, 2020. https://www.pact-ottawa.org/domotor-case.html “Police-reported human trafficking in Canada, 2009 to 2018.” Statistics Canada. Accessed on July 23, 2020. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-627-m/11-627-m2020025-eng.htm “National Strategy To Combat Human Trafficking 2019-2024.” Public Safety Canada. Accessed on July 24, 2020. https://www.publicsafety. gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/2019-ntnl-strtgy-hmnn-trffc/index-en.aspx#fn07-rf Lopez-Martinez, Melissa. “Sex trafficking still a prevalent issue across Canada, police say.” CTV News. February 20, 2020. Accessed on July 27, 2020. https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/sex-trafficking-still-a-prevalent-issue-across-canada-advocates-and-police-say-1.4820944 “National Action Plan to Combat Human Trafficking.” Public Safety Canada. Accessed on July 28, 2020. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/ntnl-ctn-pln-cmbt/index-en.aspx#toc-01.3
Chart 1:
The Criminal Code offences which comprise the category of human trafficking in the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey include: trafficking in persons (s.279.01); trafficking in persons under 18 (s. 279.011); material benefit (s. 279.02(1)); material benefit from trafficking of persons under 18 years of age (s.279.02(2)); withholding or destroying documents (s. 279.03(1)); and withholding or destroying documents to facilitate trafficking of persons under 18 years of age (s.279.03(2)). In addition, an offence under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act which targets international cross-border trafficking (s. 118) is included. This analysis is based on data from the Incident-based Uniform Crime Survey Trend Database (2009 to 2016) which covers 99% of the population in Canada. In order to support more detailed analysis on human trafficking, data have been pooled from 2009 to 2016.
Chart 2:
The Criminal Code offences which comprise the category of human trafficking in the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey include: trafficking in persons (s. 279.01); trafficking in persons under 18 (s. 279.011); material benefit (s. 279.02(1)); material benefit from trafficking of persons under 18 years of age (s. 279.02(2)); withholding or destroying documents (s. 279.03(1)); and withholding or destroying documents to facilitate trafficking of persons under 18 years of age (s. 279.03(2)). In addition, an offence under the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act which targets international cross-border trafficking (s.118) is included. This analysis is based on aggregate data, and counts are based on the most serious violation in the incident. Rates are calculated on the basis of a 100,000 population. Populations are based upon July 1st estimates from Statistics Canada, Demography Division.
