www.asianaquaculturenetwork.com
VOL. 3 ISSUE 4 Oct - Dec 2018
AsIAN PACIfIC AquACulTure 2019 AsIAN 2019 AsIAN PACIfIC PACIfIC AquACulTure AquACulTure 2019 This event includes: This This event event includes: includes: Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2019 Asian AsianPacific Pacific Aquaculture Aquaculture 2019 2019 ISTA 2019 ISTA 2019 ISTA 2019 Chennai Trade Center
Chennai ChennaiTrade Trade Center Center
Chennai Tamil Nadu India Chennai Chennai ---Tamil Tamil Nadu Nadu -- India June 19 -21, 2019 June June 19 19 -21, -21, 2019
Aquaculture for Health, Wealth and Happiness Happiness Aquaculture Aquaculturefor forHealth, Health,Wealth Wealth and
JUNE 19 - 21 JUNE JUNE 19 19--21 21 Hosted by: Tamil Nadu Fisheries University Hosted Hostedby: by:Tamil TamilNadu NaduFisheries FisheriesUniversity University Organized by: World Aquaculture Society - Asian Pacific Chapter Organized Organizedby: by:World WorldAquaculture AquacultureSociety Society-- Asian AsianPacific Pacific Chapter for more information contact conference manager: formore moreinformation information contact conference manager: manager: for contact conference P.O. Box 2302 P.O.Box Box 2302 P.O. 2302 Valley Center, CA 92082 usA Valley Center, CA 92082usA usA Valley Center, CA 92082 Tel: +1.760.751.5005 Tel:+1.760.751.5005 +1.760.751.5005 Tel: fax: +1.760.751.5003 fax: +1.760.751.5003 fax: +1.760.751.5003 worldaqua@was.org - www.was.org worldaqua@was.org -www.was.org www.was.org worldaqua@was.org Trade show & sponsorship: Trade show&&sponsorship: sponsorship: Trade show mario@marevent.com mario@marevent.com
COORDINATION OFFICE:
599/27 Ratchadapisek Road, Jatujak. 10900 Thailand Tel: +66 (0) 21921787 to 88 | Fax: +66 (0) 21921733 | info@asianaquaculturenetwork.com
SINGAPORE ADDRESS:
31 Harrison Road #04-02, Food Empire Building, Singapore 369649
{ All right reserved. Reproduction of the magazine, in whole or in part, is prohibited without the prior written consent not unreasonably withheld, of the publisher }
EDITORIAL
Use of the information in this magazine is at your own risk. AAN and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of the use, of the information contained herein in terms of its suitability, correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The entire risk of the implementation of the information which has been provided to you is assumed by you. All liability or responsibility to any person using the information is expressly disclaimed by AAN and its employees
• Editor in Chief: Dr. Farshad Shishehchian
• Managing Editor: Bahar Shishehchian Nathalie Lim
• Marketing Communications: Bahar Shishehchian
• Technical Supports: Zahra Javidi
• Designer: Pipitpan Lerdpipitpon Itticheat Issalaseree
Disclaimer PUBLISHED BY: ASIAN AQUACULTURE NETWORK (AAN)
Editor's letter In this last quarter’s issue, we look at AquaSG’18 and discuss the conference summary which was held at the School of Applied Science in Temasek Polytechnic. Topics were presented in the areas on a national, regional, and global level involving innovation, investment, and sustainability. One of our featured articles for this issue is titled, “Fungal Infection in Tilapia: A Simple, Practical and Economical Solution to a Major Problem.” In this research paper, an attempt was made to determine an effective method of treatment that poses no threat to human health or the environment instead of the use of antibiotics. In our issue highlight, we selected a research paper titled, “Enzyme treated soy supplemented with squid hydrolysates in the diet of Florida Pompano.” The research paper discusses enzyme-treated soy (ESBM) which is produced through a series of non-alcoholic extraction and enzymatic treatment from high quality de-hulled soybeans that can be used as an alternative protein source to replace the use of animal meal in the diet formulation. In our interview section, we did a series of 7 questions with Dr. Antonio Garza de Yta who has a Ph.D in Aquaculture and is the current Director of the World Aquaculture Society. We questioned him about all things aquaculture, central issues, challenges and much more. In this issue’s news and press, we explore AquaMaof’s Atlantic salmon R&D facility in Poland, the US Commerce Department eyeing aquaculture for job creation, biotechnology being vital for improving aquaculture sustainability and more. We would like to thank our subscribers
and readers for a wonderful 2018. We hope to dig deeper into issues and explore different ways to build a future that is sustainable for all.
1
CONTENTS Page
CONTENTS
11
INTERVIEW
7 Questions with Mr. Antonio Garza de Yta
News Around the World
1
EDITORIAL
14 14 15 17 18 19 20
3
NEWS & PRESS:
News Around the World : AquaMaof’s Atlantic salmon R&D facility in Poland sees success Novel aquafeeds approaching the point of technological proliferation US Commerce Department eyes aquaculture for job creation Africans push for sustainable aquaculture Biotechnology is vital for improving aquaculture sustainability 18% increase in shrimp production predicted
INDUSTRY UPDATES
From the other side of the pond by Antonio Garza de Yta, Ph.D.
5
FEATURES
Fungal Infection in Tilapia: A Simple, Practical and Economical Solution to a Major Problem by Syafiqah Saufie, Abentin Estim, Saleem Mustafa and Lee Chee Wee
8
ISSUE HIGH LIGHT:
ENZYME TREATED SOY SUPPLE MENTED WITH SQUID HYDROLY SATES IN THE DIET OF FLORIDA POMPANO Trachinotus carolinus
by Romi Novriadi, D. Allen Davis
INDUSTRY UPDATE
FROM
THE OTHER SIDE OF THE POND Antonio Garza de Yta, Ph.D. Rector
Universidad Tecnológica del Mar de Tamaulipas Bicentenario
I
A big Victory for Africa and Aquaculture worldwide
n the African continent hundreds of cultures and languages melt in one of the most enchanting and enigmatic places on earth. Thinking about one culture or one group of people is almost unimaginable. Regardless, to most of the people that inhabit the continent the word “Africa” defines their soul, their hope, their life. Africa is an idea, a dream. For quite some time now, the African Union has tried to integrate the region with a certain degree of success. Several organizations such as NEPAD have also collaborated for regional integration. In 2017, in Cape Town, South Africa, the World Aquaculture Society held its first World Conference in the continent; for aquaculture it has been a decisive moment. Since then, people from many countries have invested to form an African Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society. There have been many detractors, people who said that it was impossible. Nevertheless, on November 7 2018, we celebrated the official formation of the African Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society. The chapter is comprised of an Interim Board and Steering Committee composed by Dr. Sherif Sadek, Dr. John Walakira, Dr. Flower Msuya, Dr. Zukiswa Nkhereanye, Dr. Khalid Salie and Dr. Fatima Samodien. It will be the first Chapter that starts with a secretariat as well; a responsibility that will fall into Blessing Mapfumo. I am more than confident that these group of professionals will do an outstanding job representing aquaculture regionally and that all of us will collaborate with them for the advancement of aquaculture and the dissemination of aquaculture knowledge and benefits. Let’s work together and take the necessary actions to start a movement in Africa! On the other hand, I also had the opportunity to meet Katrina ole-MoiYoi, who was the Director of Sustainability for Victory
Farms in Kenya. It is always wonderful to find passionate people who are involved with our activity and who are eager to share their stories. As well, it is always reassuring to see that there are companies in this world that still are trying to do the right thing. Hopefully the private sector will join WAS and everybody involved and like the rest of the world, become the engine that drives the activity. Hopefully, this time by taking into consideration the mistakes that have been committed in the past and developing aquaculture in the most sustainable way possible. Coming back to my side of the pond, in Latin America we held our 6th LACQUA event. LACQUA 18 took place in the amazingly beautiful Bogota, Colombia. More than 1,200 participants were present in this event, which has become important in the aquaculture field regionally. As you might now, LACQUA is the only WAS Conference in which English is not the only official language. Spanish and Portuguese, are the native tongues of 98% of the population in the region. They are also official languages and most of the conferences are held in those languages. The idea behind this is to include the local producers in the meeting as well as the decision makers, international agencies and service providers. The parallel session organized by UNIDO in which government agencies, experts and producers of 6 countries participated intitled “Improving Productivity and Competitiveness of Fishery Value Chains in LAC Region,” was a living proof that the strategy is working. I would like to end this column by congratulating the World Aquaculture Society for its service. Its global presence is visible, and most of all, it has proven that it is the best global platform for networking and exchanging aquaculture knowledge. Let us all keep working together.
3
A biennial International Conference International Conference A biennial Organized by Organized by International Conference Organized by
THEMES / SESSIONS THEMES / SESSIONS 3 – 6 December 2018 3 – 6Conference December 2018 AIT Center Hotel AIT Conference Center Hotel Asian Institute of2018 Technology 3 – 6 December Asian Institute of Technology Pathumthani, Bangkok, Thailand AIT Conference Center Hotel Pathumthani, Bangkok, Thailand Asian Institute of Technology •Pathumthani, 3 days of conference (3 – 5 Dec 2018) Bangkok, Thailand •• 3 daystour of conference 5 Dec 2018) Farm in Thailand (3 (6 –Dec 2018) •• Farm tour in Thailand (6 Dec 2018) Trade for the global 3 daysShow of conference (3 – 5aquaculture Dec 2018) industry •• Farm Trade Show for the global aquaculture industry Invited sessions by leading industry tour in Thailand (6 Dec 2018) experts • Invited sessions by leading industry experts • Trade Show for the global aquaculture industry Pre-conference Workshop (1 – 2 December 2018): Invited sessions by leading experts •Pre-conference Workshop (1 Aquaculture – 2industry December 2018): Integrated Multi-trophic (IMTA): Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA): Responsibly by taking Pre-conference farming Workshopwaters (1 – 2 December 2018): Responsibly farming waters by taking advantage of ecosystemAquaculture services, (IMTA): Integrated Multi-trophic advantage of farming ecosystem services, led by Prof. Thierry B. Chopin, UNBSJ, Canada Responsibly waters by taking led by Prof. Thierry B. Chopin, UNBSJ, Canada advantage of ecosystem services, For more information, visit led Prof.information, Thierry B. Chopin, Forby more visit UNBSJ, Canada
www.asianaquaculture.org For more information, visit www.asianaquaculture.org www.asianaquaculture.org
• Aquaculture husbandry and management •THEMES Aquaculture husbandry and management / SESSIONS • Aquaculture nutrition •• Aquaculture Aquaculture nutrition husbandry and management health management • Aquaculture health management Aquacultureaquaculture nutrition production systems • Innovative •• Innovative aquaculture production systems Aquaculture health management Improved production methods of aquatic seedstock • Improved production methods of aquatic seedstock Innovative aquaculture production systems • Applied genetics for aquaculture stock improvement •• Applied genetics for aquaculture stock improvement Improved productionfor methods of aquatic Future technologies aquaculture in an seedstock 'omics' era • Future technologies for aquaculture in an 'omics' era Applied Industry genetics Session: for aquaculture stock improvement • Special Novel industry products •• Special Industry Session: Novel industry products Future technologies for aquaculture in an 'omics' era and technologies and technologies Industry Session: Novel industryand products • Special Session: aquaculture education training • Special Session: and technologies needs for Asia aquaculture education and training needs for Asia aquaculture education and training • Special Session: needs for Asia Contact Contact R. Salin, PhD Krishna Krishna R. Salin, Aquaculture and PhD Aquatic Resources Management, Contact Aquaculture and Resources Management, Asian Institute of Aquatic Technology, Thailand 12120. Krishna R. Salin, Asian Institute of PhD Technology, Thailand 12120. Email: salinkr@ait.ac.th Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management, Email: Ph: +66salinkr@ait.ac.th 2524 5489 2524 5452 Asian Institute5489 of Technology, Thailand 12120. Ph: 5452 +66 +66 25242524 6200 (Fax)2524 Mobile: +66-959509741 Email: salinkr@ait.ac.th +66 2524 6200 (Fax) Mobile: +66-959509741 Ph: +66 2524 5489 2524 5452
A SIMPLE, PRACTICAL AND ECONOMICAL SOLUTION TO A MAJOR PROBLEM Syafiqah Saufie
Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia syafiqahsaufi@gmail.com Abentin Estim Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia bentin@ums.edu.my
Saleem Mustafa
Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia saleem.mustafa2015@gmail.com
T
ilapia is a widely distributed fish that supports commercial freshwater capture fisheries as well as aquaculture. Many species and strains of tilapia are known to occur around the world. Among the most common are the red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its strain developed by selective breeding, known as the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT). The reported resilience and adaptability of the fish to different environmental conditions have spurred interest in its farming in temperate as well as tropical regions. Frequently observed but poorly documented is the problem of fungal infection. Stocks of the fish collected from the wild show signs of fungal infection and even if apparently healthy specimens with no visible external infection develop the disease when held in captivity in tanks. While the fungal infection can be treated using fungicides but the treatment is costly and not permitted for reasons of environmental ethics and health of consumers. An attempt was made in this study to determine the effectiveness of saline treatment and exposure to vinegar in treating the fungal infection in the two stocks of tilapia in the hope of finding an antibiotic substitute. Juvenile specimens of red tilapia and GIFT of the size range 2-3 cm were procured from ponds located in the northern part of Sabah. The two stocks were separately held in tanks, each of 750-litre capacity at the rate of 100 specimens per tank. Tanks
FEATURES
FUNGAL INFECTION IN TILAPIA: ABSTRACT Tilapia is an economically important fish with a world wide distribution Red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) are more popular in aquaculture. The cultured stocks are vulnerable to fungal infection. Farmers have been treating infected fish with antibiotics but with regulations against their use the fish suffers heavy mortality. An attempt was made in this study to determine an effective method of treatment that poses no threat to human health or environment. It was noticed that GIFT was more vulnerable to fungal infection compared to the stock not genetically manipulated. Interestingly, the fungal pathogen, Saprolegnia parasitica, was susceptible to acetic acid component of the vinegar. Possible mechanisms of its action on the fungus are outlined in this paper. Keywords: Fungal pathogen, antibiotic substitute, remedial action, tilapia
5
FEATURES
natural weather conditions. Water was renewed daily. Within 48 hours both the stocks were found to suffer from fungal infection. Infected specimens were removed to identify the disease agent. Subsequently, they were given two treatments, each of 15-minute duration, on a daily basis. One was in the form of exposure to seawater (30 ppt salinity) and the other involved vinegar (1 ppm). The commercial grade white distilled vinegar was used for the trial. Generally, it contains 4-7% acetic acid. Monitoring continued on a 6 hourly basis to examine the effect of the treatments. The untreated specimens under similar conditions of captivity diet of the disease. Both the stocks were found infected with the fungal (Saprolegnia parasitica) within 48 hours of rearing. Surprisingly, the infection rate in GIFT was as high as 80% whereas it was 20% in the red tilapia. In 72 hours, 95% of GIFT suffered mortality but only 20% red tilapia died of infection. The infection appeared as patches on the body surface resembling white cotton wool. The horizontal transmission of infection was rapid due to germination of the fungus hyphae and their invasion of the epidermis.
Figure 1. Fungal infection (dorsal fin)
6
Figure 2. Hyphae of Saprolegnia
Microscopic examination confirmed it was caused by the fungal pathogen, Saprolegnia parasitica. First treatment failed to curb the infection but the specimens showed recovery after the third treatment in as many days. Vinegar treatment was far more effective in ensuring recovery of 75% of the infected specimens compared to saline exposure where recovery was only 20%. These observations clearly demonstrated the antimicrobial properties of vinegar, perhaps for the first time in the fish although such an effect has been observed in food preparations in the past1. Vinegar (4.0%–4.2% acetic acid) has been reported to produce an inhibitory effect on the growth of the fungus, Penicillium chrysogenum, but did not show an inhibitory action on the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus2. Inactivation of the conidia of fungi by vinegar’s 5% acetic acid content was noticed earlier by Sholberg et al. 3 who attributed it to the acetic acid’s role of lowering the pH of the cell protoplasm and eventually resulting in its incapacitation. In another study, Jin et al.4 observed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of bacteria and fungi due to the vinegar’s active compounds comprising phenols, acetic acid and alcohol. Use of vinegar solution for removing fungi from contaminated surfaces was also recommended under Australian Mould Guideline5 although there was no suggestion for remedial action on fungus-infected fish. The mode of action of vinegar on this fungal infection requires thorough investigations, focusing on the effect of its acetic acid component. Given the fact that the acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a carboxylic acid, its role could be multifunctional in suppressing the fungal infection. Acetic acid readily dissolves in water and changes the pH of the bath medium, donates a hydrogen atom and can easily undergo chemical reaction. For these reasons, it is possible that this weak acid diffuses across the membrane of fungal hyphae and impairs the metabolic activities of the pathogen, particularly those that are pH-sensitive. In this context, the multi-polymeric structure of the fungal cell wall emerges as an exciting topic to pursue for exploiting the vulnerability of this common fungal species (Saprolegnia parasitica) to protect the fish from the deadly infection outbreak.
FEATURES In conclusion, vinegar can be an effective fungal remediation agent at least for species such as Saprolegnia parasitica that poses a serious problem for tilapia stocks. It is easily available, inexpensive, non-toxic and biodegradable. Because of these properties, vinegar can be considered as a substitute for fungicides. Modalities of its action against the fungus remain to be investigated. Some of the conditions including weak stamina and immune system, stress, malnutrition and water quality impairment that might trigger this opportunistic infection require good management practices for disease prevention.
REFERENCES 1. Entani, E., Asai, M., Taujihatam, S., Tsukamoto, Y.K. and Ohta, M., Antibacterial action of vinegar against food-borne pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Journal of Food Protection, 1998, 61, 953–959. 2. Rogawansamy, S., Gaskin, S., Taylor, M. and Pisaniello, D., An evaluation of antifungal agents for the treatment of fungal contamination of indoor air environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2015, 12, 6319-6332. 3. Scolberg, P.L., Haag, P., Hocking, R., Bedford, K., The use of vinegar vapour to reduce post-harvest decay of harvested fruit. Horticulture Science, (2000), 35, 898–903. 4. Jin, T., We, Y., Qang, Q. (2012): The inhibitory effects of bamboo vinegar against bacteria and fungi. Information Technology and Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 134, 451–457.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS All experiments were conducted at the Nutrition and Aquafeed Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand. Bacteria and virus were provided from the Department of Fisheries, Kasetsart University in Thailand. Corresponding author Prof. Dr. Saleem Mustafa (saleem.mustafa2015@ gmail.com)
5. Kemp, P., Neumeister, J.H. (2015): Australian Mould Guideline. Available online:http://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Australian_Mold_ Guideline-2005.pdf.
7
ISSUE HIGHLIGHT
ENZYME TREATED SOY SUPPLEMENTED WITH SQUID HYDROLYSATES IN THE DIET OF FLORIDA POMPANO TRACHINOTUS CAROLINUS
Romi Novriadi
School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA Batam Mariculture Development Center, Directorate General of Aquaculture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Republic of Indonesia D. Allen Davis School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA
E
nzyme-treated soy (ESBM) produced through a series of non-alcoholic extraction process and enzymatic treatment from high quality de-hulled soybeans can be used as an alternative protein source to replace the use of animal meal in the diet formulation. The addition of squid hydrolysates into the plant-based diet and combined with ESBM improved the nutritional value of plant-based diet and partly prevented the decrease in growth performance, serum biochemistry parameters and the alteration of liver and intestine of pompano.
8
ISSUE HIGHLIGHT Fig 1. Silver pompano production in Indonesia
Today, pompanos have gained momentum as an important species in aquaculture due to their great taste and flakey texture, fast growth rate, ease of domestication, high market value paired with high and sustained demand in many areas of the world. There are three main species of pompano that has been cultured so far, including the Silver Pompano (also called Snubnose Pompano or Golden Pomfret, Trachinotus blochii), Florida Pompano (Trachinotus Carolinus) and Golden Pompano (Trachinotus Ovatus). In Asia, commercial farming of pompano primarily cultured in near shore cages, while in United States, production is primarily in intensive indoor recirculation systems. Right now, as with many species, a great deal of research has been carried out in an effort to identify nutritional requirements and optimized feed formulations. In order to reduce the production cost, inclusion levels of fish meal and other animal meal has been systematically reduced by using a range of alternative plant-protein sources. Most of the research has been conducted with the Florida Pompano, which could serve as the starting point to develop better feed formulations for other pompano species. Among plant-protein sources, soybean meal (SBM) possesses many of the qualities required to be a viable alternative to animal meal and has been previously shown to support Florida pompano growth. Soybean meal is widely available, highly digestible, easily shipped and stored, and priced competitively with other plant-based food sources. In addition, soybean meal has a favorable amino acid profile albeit it is low in total sulfurbased amino acids (methionine + cystine) and reported to have an apparent energy and protein digestibility for Florida pompano of 67.4 and 84.3%, respectively. However, wider use of SBM may be hindered by negative effects associated with the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), such as lectins, phytic acid, saponins, phytosterols, and allergens, which could be responsible for the decreased growth performance, feed efficiency and histomorphological change in the distal intestinal which occurs in some species of fish. In addition, phosphorus availability may also play a role in the decreased performance of fish fed with elevated level of soy protein. Hence, advanced processing technologies, such as extraction process in combination with enzymatic treatment may have the potential to improve the nutritional value of plant based-feeds and warrant evaluation.
Fig 2. Research on the use of ESBM in the development of practical diet for Florida pompano
In this research, enzyme-treated soy (ESBM) produced through a series of non-alcoholic extraction process and enzymatic treatment from high quality de-hulled soybeans as one of the advanced soy products used to replace the utilization of poultry by-product meal (PBM) in the development of practical diet. Based on the results of the growth trial, mean survival of fish in all treatments was not significantly affected. The use of ESBM to completely remove the PBM resulted in slightly lower final biomass and final weight. However, when 4% squid hydrolysates (SH) was added into the diet, it improved the growth performance, thermal growth coefficient, and food conversion ratio (FCR) of fish similar to those maintained on the 15% PBM diet. The positive impact on the use of SH could be explained by the presence of bioactive peptides produced from enzymatic hydrolysis process, acidification of the diet or levels of essential amino acids such as taurine, which are needed to improve the growth performance of fish. In addition, the hydrolysis process also degrades the protein molecule into smaller material and makes the products become more digestible and could be conveniently used as a potential chemoattractant and growth promoter. Thus, these results may indicate that with proper inclusion level of SH into the soy-based diet, SH could be used as a palatability enhancer and nutrient source, leading to better performance of Florida pompano.
Squid processing by-products (SPB) (heads, viscera, cutoffs, fins and small tubes)
After chopping
Pasteurization (75 C for 0.5 h)
FILTERING (1 mm No. 18)
55 C for 1.5 h HYDROLYSATES PRODUCT
Figure 3. Preparation of Squid hydrolysates (Source Dr. Chong, M. Lee, University of Rhode Island, USA)
9
ISSUE HIGHLIGHT Figure 4. Representative histopathological images of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of liver from Florida pompano after 56 d of being fed with (A) PBM, (B) basal, and (C) 4% SH.
Figure 5. Representative histopathological images of hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of distal intestine from Florida pompano after 56 d of being fed with (A) PBM, (B) basal, and (C) 4% SH.
Results of this study also showed that the inclusion of ESBM in combination with 4% SH did not cause any significant effect to the percentage protein, fat and ash content in the dry weight basis. In addition, no significant alteration in terms of total protein, albumin, activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose, cholesterol, and bile acid concentration. Regarding to the intestinal and hepatic structure of fish, many researchers stated that the inclusion of a high amount of SBM in formulated diets has been reported to induce inflammation in the distal intestine of fish. The symptoms are characterized by increased amount of connective tissue; a profound infiltration of
10
inflammatory cells in the lamina propria, a reduced number of supranuclear vacuoles in the absorptive epithelium; and increase in the number of goblet cells. In this research all diets contained high levels of SBM so histological responses are likely due to compounds missing when PBM is removed from the diet. Across the diets we observed, there were slight increase of vacuolization and glycogen deposition in fish fed with basal diet compared to the condition of fish that fed with 15% PBM. However, the inclusion of 4% SH in the basal diet could partially restore the liver condition to that of fish fed PBM. From the point of view of digestibility, the level of peptides and free amino acid generated from hydrolysis process may afford more sufficient digestible protein which may be beneficial to the distal intestine condition of fish. These results demonstrate that pompano is very tolerant to soy- based diets albeit a low level of animal protein is still required to produce an optimum growth performance. At last, we believe that all the information gained from this research, could be used as the starting point to develop better food formulation for other pompano species, including the Silver and Golden pompano. Furthermore, we would like to acknowledge the exceptional support from the United Soybean Board for providing the research grants, Dr. Chong M. Lee for providing the squid hydrolysate and the help from Auburn University graduate students and colleagues from the Claude Peteet Mariculture Center in Gulf Shores, AL, USA.
INTERVIEW
7
Questions With Antonio Garza de Yta Antonio Garza de Yta, Ph.D. Rector
Universidad TecnolĂłgica del Mar de Tamaulipas Bicentenario
How did you end up getting 1. into the aquaculture industry? What interested you the most? I have a B.Sc. in Chemical Engineering and started my career in a field completely different from aquaculture. Although, the aquaculture bug was always in me. I could not stop reading everything that came to my hands that had anything related to the topic and one day I decided to give it a try. I took the decision to have a taste of aquaculture through a 4-month certification program in the beautiful port of Guaymas in Mexico; while I was waiting to start my M.Sc. in Food Processing. I immediately felt in love with aquaculture while diving in the local pearl farm, and volunteering in the local hatcheries. The feeling that I could change the world through aquaculture, while helping people and the environment were definitely what attracted me the most. I had to make the decision that would shape the rest of my life forever: aquaculture had to be the center of my life. Shortly after, I applied for the Master’s Degree in Aquaculture at Auburn and changed my path. I have never regretted that decision.
2.
What is one of the central issues currently being discussed in aquaculture?
One of the many topics that is being discussed now related to aquaculture are sustainability and environmental footprint.
As all of you know, aquaculture is the most efficient method of producing animal protein; and of the highest quality. Multitrophic systems are one of the best ways to improve even more than sustainability and probably is what will assure the aquaculture activity in the years to come. Being able to produce 3 or 4 different species with only one nutrient input in the same culture system, maximizing yield while minimizing environmental impact is one of our biggest challenges, but it is the direction that aquaculture should head into the future.
are the challenges for 3. What farmers who want to transit from
a traditional way of farming to an intensive farming system?
Training, training and training. When we compare the traditional ways of producing aquaculture that are mostly extensive, with low biosecurity and low management against the hyper-intensive aquaculture systems with high biosecurity, expert nutrition and genetics programs and high maintenance and water controls is like comparing almost a horse with a Ferrari. The contrast is extremely high, traditional shrimp farm yields are less than 1 ton per ha per year, while modern aquaculture systems annual yields are above 40 tons per ha per year. Traditional farmers need to evolve, from an almost artisanal way of producing to a profoundly industrial oriented method. It is a complete change in the way of life for a traditional farmer. Training is essential for this transition, as well as a positive and open attitude. more small scale farms than medium and large scale farms. The farmers operating small scale farms are less aware of measures to be taken to avoid these new issues and by losing big time money. Low prices in tandem with disease problems could bring the production down substantially in the coming years.
11
INTERVIEW
4.
Are you working on a new research study?
In our research group we are working on many topics, but I would like to comment about the one that I consider crucial for the development of the oyster industry in the area where we are located. The Laguna Madre in Mexico extends for more than 230 thousand ha, and the conditions for oysters are optimal. Although, it would be important to consider the culture of other species to diversify and minimize the impact of aquaculture. Here is where the multitrophic aquaculture has most relevance. Considering that the area is not very deep, a combination of cages for fish and oysters was not an option. For our fortune, the new In-pond Raceway (IPR) technology allows to produce a high amount of fish in small volumes in shallow areas. The IPR systems in combination with oyster trays, and clams and algae in a later stage could be the way to maximize output minimizing the environmental impact. We hope to have results in a period of three years working with red tilapia and/or redrum, combined with American oyster and hard clams. After that we will plan the addition of macroalgae culture to have a full multitrophic system.
5.
In your opinion, what species of fish should researchers should work to improve in terms of genetics?
I believe ALL species of fish should be considered topics of national interest and there should be National Broodstock Centers (NBCs) for most of them. Tilapia is a species that has been produced worldwide and that has received the biggest attention. Nonetheless, there are many countries that are still behind, like Mexico, in genetic related issues. We currently are working with red tilapia that can grow in estuarine waters, I believe that more detailed research on developing a good strain of tilapia that could grow in full strength seawater and does not reproduce at high salinities could be a major breakthrough. Other species that requires special attention in this part of the world is totoaba, which grows at extremely fast rates (9 grams per day), has great acceptance in many markets and is a highquality fish that could be as successful as any of the signature aquaculture species. A much profound genetic improvement program is still required.
6.
What is one area of aquaculture that still needs to be improved?
Biosecurity is one of the topics that many people gets involved, not only from the aquaculture sector. Regardless, many diseases still impact the aquaculture industry. As we improve
12
our hyper-intensive systems we also need to find a way to maintain the water in our systems in optimal conditions and, most of all, disease free. I know that water quality is one of the most basic areas of aquaculture, but it is still the heart of our industry. No water quality means no production and no profit. I foresee a future where water quality and control will be more strict and Recirculating Systems will have the capacity to be self-sustainable.
7.
How do we ensure food security in a country like Singapore?
An excellent question. I think food security based on the four pillars stablished by FAO (availability, access, utilization, and stability) is pretty much assured in a country like Singapore that has a policy of open borders and that is a major trade hub globally. Producing all the food required by people in Singapore is a challenge, but with the current conditions in my perspective it would be very unlikely that droughts, shipping disruptions, fuel shortages, economic instability, or wars could affect it drastically. When you connect with the whole world as Singapore does it is easy to replace any source of any product. Regardless, if there is concern for the low national production and the few land availability, two main strategies could be followed. First, hyper-intensification and integration of all food production systems and second, overseas investment in food production ventures dedicated for consumption in Singapore.
One industry, One Source, One IntraFish The one-stop-shop for seafood news
IntraFish’s web-platform brings all our industry-leading titles underneath the IntraFish.com umbrella. We call it One IntraFish - the one-stop-shop for seafood news. Your live news coverage is enhanced with more exclusive news, in-depth analysis, opinion and insight than ever before. The responsive design allows readers to enjoy an improved reading experience on desktop, laptop, tablet or smart phone. Visit IntraFish.com now for an easier and even better way of accessing your seafood news. For advertising and subscription enquiries, please contact John Dogma at +65 65570047 or email john.dogma@intrafish.com
Poland
NEWS & PRESS
News Around the World
By Madelyn Kearns, September 28, 2018
AquaMaof’s Atlantic salmon R&D facility in Poland sees success
A
quaMaof Aquaculture Technologies says its salmon hatchery, smolt, and market-size Atlantic Salmon Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) R&D facility near Warsaw, Poland, has seen great success since operations began in 2016. A noted developer of recirculating aquaculture technology and turn-key projects, AquaMaof has identified areas of significant growth potential for salmon production companies by way of its 600-metric-ton-per-annum Global Fish facility in Poland. “We see significant growth potential in the supply of recirculating aquaculture systems to salmon production companies,” said David Hazut, AquaMaof’s CEO. “The investment in Poland will serve two main purposes: First, we are operating this facility as an R&D centre, collecting valuable information and analysing it, for further innovation in the RAS area. Secondly, it serves as a training facility for our customers’ staff.” Housing RAS rearing units with tanks ranging in size from one to 200 cubic meters, the Global Fish facility runs in accordance to strict standard operating procedures, which maximize growth conditions for salmon, according to AquaMaof. The facility employs the company’s advanced Zero Discharge Technology, which utilizes proprietary water reuse techniques, and operates on efficient power consumption, dramatically reducing costs of energy. Moreover, no antibiotics and no chemicals are incorporated when rearing salmon at the facility and environmental conditions are constantly monitored, a point of pride and a priority for Israel-headquartered AquaMaof.
“Biosecurity is paramount, and complete environmental control ensure that salmons are grown in an environment which promotes the highest health and welfare status,” the company said in a press release. “No drum filters require minimal maintenance, while optimized feeding modes and advanced feeding management system – enable reduction of the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and operational costs.” “We are extremely proud of the fact that in such short a time we were able to achieve very good results in growing smolts up to market-size salmons, in terms of operation costs, FCR and not less important – excellent taste and color of the fish,” Hazut said of the progress seen at the Global Fish facility in Poland. The results hold promise for the other endeavors currently being facilitated by AquaMaof, Hazut added. “Apart from the Global Fish facility, we have several additional projects around the world in different stages, for smolt and harvest-size salmon production facilities, implementing our proprietary technology, and we expect more projects to commence in the coming months.” Those other projects include a contract with Grieg NL to build the world’s largest indoor salmon aquaculture facility in Newfoundland, as well as initiatives with AquaMaof’s own salmon aquaculture business unit in Scotland, headed by Dr. Andrew C. Preston.
Editor: Madelyn Kearns Email: mkearns@divcom.com Website: www.seafoodsource.com/news/aquaculture/ aquamaof-atlantic-salmon-r-d-facility-in-poland-sees-success
14
technological proliferation
NEWS & PRESS
Novel aquafeeds approaching the point of
By Jason Holland, September 19, 2018
A
s the world’s most efficient protein generator, aquaculture is already an important means of food production, and with the output of capture fisheries remaining at static levels, it’s widely believed it’s up to aquaculture to meet the rising global demand for seafood.
but I don’t think it will take very long. The whole market is about one million metric tons (MT); so it’s not infinite. There are two or three big projects and some of them could add a couple of hundred thousand tons, so we are going to feel it within five years when they come online.”
While the value chain has been rising to this challenge and is well-placed to provide larger volumes in the medium-term, on the horizon there is the growth-limiting problem of insufficient feed raw materials. After all, there are finite amounts of fishmeal and fish oil that capture fisheries can sustainably supply. Moreover, the growing competition for these marine ingredients and the volatility of supply due to environmental events such as El Niño is making them increasingly expensive.
Similarly, microbial technology is attracting a lot of “really big money” from a number of leading agribusinesses, he said. These companies are looking to fund projects with “very serious scale,” with the largest expected to be around 200,000 MT.
With feed accounting for upwards of 60 percent of the total rearing costs in aquaculture, and the current diets being used by fish and shrimp producers at a higher price level per unit than for all other farmed livestock, there is considerable innovation now taking place in the aquafeed sector. This is targeted at reducing the industry’s dependence on feeds made from wild-capture fish,chiefly through the development of new raw material, explained Gorjan Nikolik, associate director of animal protein and seafood at Rabobank.
The microbial market, estimated at 5.5 million MT just for aquafeed, is potentially much larger than algae. However, the size of the plant required for production does present a barrier to entry. “I don’t know how quickly this area will develop if a couple of hundred million dollars are needed to start production. But it is certainly one to observe,” Nikolik said. Last but not least, the insect platform has perhaps treble the number of start-ups as the algae or microbial sectors, although it currently has far less involvement from the big agri-industrial groups.
Speaking at the Aquaculture Innovation Europe conference, which took palce in London on 11 and 12 September 2018, Nikolik identified the three clear frontrunner platforms in the race for new or novel feed ingredients as algae, microbials, and insects. There are other categories, but in terms of the business plans that Nikolik and his colleagues have seen and the capital that is being invested, this trio “will most probably drive the change in the formula” moving forward. He added that all three also look good on paper. A lot of agribusinesses are getting involved in the algae sector and from a banking perspective “These guys are probably where the smart money is,” he said. “This makes sense. Algae are a good source of omegas, and this is the market that really is in short supply when it comes to things like salmon farming. So investment here is a good place to start,” he said. “I don’t know how long it will take before the products in this [sector] really impact the market,
15
“I don’t know why. Perhaps they are skeptical about the scaling-up capability. On the other hand, these [insect] companies have been masters of raising capital. I saw some very big numbers going into projects and on paper this is the most circular of all the three solutions – potentially using waste, whereas algae systems needs sugars and microbials most likely need a carbon source,” he said. “But the other two show that there is a real cost advantage when done by big plants. I don’t see that for insects just yet. Let’s see how it works out, but it is still a very important category to look at.” With so much innovation and so many new, very different businesses operating in the new ingredient space, Nikolik believes that once the first few ventures reach scale there will be a rationalization of the industry. “I think that we are at the point of technological proliferation,” he said. “Most likely, the least-advanced companies – those that [only just] reached scale or didn’t capture the niche whereby
the product is marketed with their ingredient – will have to exit the market. It’s then that we might see rationalization and a big increase in scale,” he said. “This is the point we are waiting for. I don’t know when it will happen – maybe in the next five to 10 years. Nevertheless, the companies that emerge after that point will be stronger; they will be tested, they will have a larger scale of production. Then they will truly change the aquaculture industry.” Nikolik said he further believes it is unlikely that the application of this scaled technology will end with the farming of aquatic animals. “Aquafeed has been the focus of this innovation because it represents the highest per-kilogram feed costs of all animals. It is the lowest-hanging fruit, but after [aquaculture], it could be pet food or other animals,” he said. “Overall, there is one billion MT of feed out there; that’s a big market to go after once the rationalization happens.”
Jason Holland Contributing Editor reporting from London, UK Email: jason@jasonhollandcommunications.com Twitter: @SeafoodGuruSome Instagram: jasonhollandcomms
Website: www.seafoodsource.com/news/aquaculture/novel-aquafeeds-approaching-the-point-of-technological-proliferation
16
eyes aquaculture for job creation
NEWS & PRESS
US Commerce Department By Steve Bittenbender, September 18, 2018
B
olstering the U.S. seafood industry has been a major priority for Wilbur Ross since he became the Secretary of Commerce under U.S. President Donald Trump last year. In speeches, he’s talked frequently of reducing the seafood trade deficit in a country where 90 percent of the fish consumed comes from foreign markets. One way he and other Commerce Department officials want to make that happen is through increasing seafood production, with aquaculture existing as a key component in that strategy. “A strong U.S. marine aquaculture industry will serve a key role in U.S. food security and improve our trade balance with other nations,” the department said in its recent 2018-2022 Strategic Report, which focuses on increasing opportunities for aquaculture as a job creation strategy. Aquaculture in America has floundered while the industry has boomed elsewhere. In 2015, more than 106 million metric tons of seafood were produced in marine farms. However, the U.S. accounted for just 0.4 percent of that total. One of the reasons for that has been the regulatory process for approving fish farms in federal waters. Often aquaculture projects have been stalled because they’ve required permits from various agencies, such as the Army Corps of Engineers and the Environmental Protection Agency. The Commerce Department wants to see a “one-stop shop” set up for the permitting process, and a bill filed earlier this year by U.S. Sen. Roger Wicker would make the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, a Commerce agency that oversees the fishing industry, the lead agency for that process. Additionally, the Commerce Department wants to partner with industry partners to conduct research in aquaculture, particularly for demonstration projects.
“These pilot programs will facilitate the commercial viability of marine aquaculture production,” the report stated. NOAA Fisheries “will use aquaculture research to remove production bottlenecks related to siting, disease, genetics and genomics, hatchery seed stock, and feed availability.” Supporting aquaculture isn’t the only way Commerce officials are looking to boost domestic seafood production. Another way they propose to do that is by finding ways to maximize the value of American fisheries. “NOAA will ensure that fisheries and their habitats are managed to optimize sustainable commercial harvest and recreational opportunities while conserving marine resources for future generations,” the report states. “We will ensure U.S. fishermen are not disadvantaged by illegal or unregulated fishing, unfair trade practices by other nations, or deceptive labeling of seafood products.”
Steve Bittenbender Contributing Editor Email: freelancehack@gmail.com Twitter: @freelancehack
Website: www.seafoodsource.com/news/aquaculture/us-commerce-department-eyes-aquaculture-for-job-creation
17
NEWS & PRESS
Africans push for
sustainable aquaculture
T
he projected rapid growth of the aquaculture sector in Africa needs timely interventions to mitigate its potential negative impacts on the continent’s critical aquatic ecosystems, according to leading experts. Personnel from key national, international and United Nations agencies, who were attending a three-day workshop on Sustainable Inland and Marine Aquaculture in Africa in Nairobi last week, said boosting aquaculture productivity in Africa to address food security and catalyze social and economic development is achievable without compromising environmental health.
By The Fish Site, 01 October 2018, at 4:44pm
“As a bank, we are keen to enhance productivity and sustainability of the aquaculture sector in Africa as part of our Blue Economy flagship programme to have a fully-exploited, well managed sector that can be a major source of wealth to catapult the continent’s fortunes,” said Rose Mwebaza, the African Development Bank’s chief natural resources officer. She added: “The natural wealth that Africa has is not commensurate with the living standards since at least 49 per cent of people in the continent still live on less than 2 dollars a day. In addition, Africa spends at least US$35 billion to import food including fish. This is not sustainable.” Inland and marine aquaculture, which involves farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae and other organisms is increasingly attracting spotlight for negative environmental impacts including destruction of mangroves, pollution, poor handling of waste which collect on the ocean bottom and damaging bottom-dwelling species or decrease oxygen concentrations in the water. Other concerns include use of antibiotics and pesticides, competition between farmed and wild animals and the potential introduction of invasive plant and animal species or foreign pathogens. On its part, cage aquaculture is linked to increased nutrient enrichment of the waters in which they are established, resulting in algae growth including harmful algae blooms that can be toxic to fish.
The African Development Bank Group’s Rose Mwebaza (left) and Alice Ruhweza from Conservation International after delivering their opening statements
“The aquaculture sector is relatively nascent in Africa but is projected to expand by at least 61 per cent by 2030. Our focus is to ensure early on that this growth is sustainable and does not adversely affect dependent freshwater and marine ecosystems that are a livelihood bedrock for millions of people across Africa,” said Alice Ruhweza, vice president of programmes and partnerships in Conservation International’s African division. She added: “We agreed on a range of solutions to make the sector more sustainable including spatial planning, feed and seed management, integrated land and aquatic use management as well as development of business opportunities for women and youth among others.” The experts, who were convened by a consortium of organizations led by Conservation International and the African Development Bank Group, deliberated on the state of the sector and co-designed an action plan for sustainable aquaculture in Africa.
18
Currently, aquaculture in inland and marine water bodies in Africa contributes about 18 per cent of the total fish production in the continent according to the latest data from the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) with Africa having less than 1% of the world aquaculture production. Almost all aquaculture in Africa involves freshwater fish – mostly catfish, tilapia and Nile perch, with Nigeria and Uganda being the region’s leading producers. The cross section of experts who participated in the aquaculture workshop included renowned fisheries academicians, policy makers, industry investors and farmers, impact investors, producers, scientists and researchers. They were drawn from the FAO, African Union Commission, NEPAD Agency, AU-IBAR, Conservation International’s Moore Center for Science and the Centre for Oceans, WorldFish, Makerere University (Uganda), University of Dar es Salaam Institute of Marine Science, University of Eldoret and Seychelles Fishing Authority as well as Fisheries research institutes from Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda among others.
Biotechnology is vital for improving aquaculture sustainability
NEWS & PRESS
By Tarah Mayes, 27 September 2018
While biotechnology may draw mixed responses from consumers, producers and regulators around the world, it has a crucial role in ensuring the sustainable development of global aquaculture.
T
his was the key theme that emerged from a presentation and panel discussion on the potential for biotechnology to influence the future of farmed seafood, which took place at the GOAL conference this week. The discussion, which was led by GAA’s James Wright, examined how biotechnology is making its mark on food production and farmed seafood. The panelists were Vonnie Estes, winner of the 2017 Rosalind Franklin Award for Leadership in Industrial Biotechnology; Larry Feinberg, CEO and co-founder of KnipBio in Massachusetts; Michael Tlusty, University of Massachusetts; and David Tze; CEO of “food from CO2” company NovoNutrients in San Francisco. Biotechnology makes it possible to “develop tools that allow us to feed people in a way that doesn’t have a negative impact on the environment,” said Estes. The technology is based on biology and capitalizes on the use of rapid cellular processes to develop products that serve people. Globally, biotechnology is providing promising new approaches to pollution prevention, resource conservation and cost reduction that have direct implications to the development of the aquaculture industry.
“Regulation is a huge issue in a global marketplace,” Estes stated. It has proven difficult to work with products whose regulations are vastly different around the world. The EU, for example, requires a product with any level of gene editing to be labelled as a GMO, while regulations in countries like Japan only need to be labeled as GMO if more than 5 percent of its ingredients are considered genetically modified. Biotechnology is “not only what many people think of today as Roundup-ready soy or corn,” said Larry Feinberg, CEO and cofounder of KnipBio. The technology has advanced very quickly from what it once was, and processes are safer and more efficient than ever before. The panelists all voiced that some of the primary concerns from fish and shrimp farmers surrounding aquafeed ingredients are their cost and their availability of supply. “Microbes have been around for about 90 percent of the world’s history,” Feinberg states, and “this gives us a lot of options as the technology develops”.
Its applications in the world of aquaculture have so far been explored mostly in the aquafeed sector, but David Tze said that “biotechnology has implications in of a number of areas of outside of just aquafeeds” – for example, sensors in farms or food safety inspections for monitoring contaminants. “Feeding fish and shrimp is not just about filling their bellies. It’s about focused nutrition,” Wright commented, adding that biotechnology is becoming a necessary tool in developing sustainable and safe aquafeed ingredients that don’t compete with human consumption market streams.
Obstacles to overcome The panelists agreed that two of the main roadblocks in the use of biotechnology today are regulation and consumer perception. “Biotechnology is more consumer-facing now than ever before,” argued Estes, “because we’re using it much more in crops, in food, in food ingredients, in animal breeding and in animal feed.” She added that San Francisco is home to a lot of start-up companies that are using microbes as factories for making animal proteins. In the United States, the USDA and FDA recently announced their plans to hold joint public meetings to begin to address these issues.
The panelists agreed that the industry needs to collaborate more effectively to dispel fears surrounding the use of biotechnology to make better, safer food to feed a growing global population. “We need to try to meet people where they are,” Estes suggested, “and use communication to increase the acceptance of biotechnology as part of the future of food production”. Biotechnology, she argued, has the potential to create premium products for a lower price. And seeing this concept make its way into the commercial market as microbial feed ingredient production increases may be the ticket to improve consumer perception and develop better regulations to allow biotechnology to establish itself in the aquaculture industry.
Website: https://thefishsite.com/articles/biotechnology-is-vital-for-improving-aquaculture-sustainability
19
in shrimp production predicted Global shrimp production is likely to increase by over 18 percent by 2020, according to Dr James Anderson, with Ecuador, Honduras, Panama and Saudi Arabia leading the charge.
Website: https://thefishsite.com/articles/18-increase-in-shrimp-production-predicted
to take some of the risks out of the shrimp farming business, along with the development of market solutions to limit price volatility. $7.00
Standaed Deviation of Market Price
$6.50
$0.30
$6.00 $5.50
USD/Ib
D
r. Anderson, who is the director of the Institute for Sustainable Food Systems & Food and Resource Economics at the University of Florida, presented results from a survey of current and future global shrimp production at GAA’s 2018 GOAL conference Dr James Anderson in Guayaquil, Ecuador. With responses from every major supplier country, the survey offers a unique, first-hand perspective of the projected supply and demand of farmed shrimp around the world.
$5.00 $4.50
Frozen Shrimp Broiler, wholesale Imports, Shell-On 21-25
$3.00
6.0%
$2.50 $2.00 $1.50
20
4.0% 2.0% 0.0%
$0.50 2006
Despite price volatility and high production costs, the responses from this survey suggest a global increase in shrimp production of about 5.7% per annum, resulting in an increase of 18% by 2020 compared to 2017 values. The shrimp industry, despite its advances in technology and increase in production in recent years, is still “data challenged” according to Dr Anderson. Surveys like this one that he and his colleagues, Dr Diego Valderrama (George Mason University) and Dr Darryl Joy (Editor Emeritus, Global Aquaculture Alliance), conduct each year are important contributions to the efforts for increased collaboration and data-sharing across the shrimp industry. This projected increase doesn’t come without some demands of the industry, however. According to Dr Anderson, considerable efforts need to be made
$0.10
$3.50
$1.00
Global production
$0.20
$0.00
$4.00
% Change
NEWS & PRESS
18% increase
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Frozen Shrimp Broiler, wholesale Imports, Shell-On 21-25
Frozen Shrimp Imports, Shell-On 21-25 2017 USD/Ib Broiler, wholesale 2017 USD/Ib
Shrimp prices are notoriously volatile
The major producing regions for shrimp aquaculture – namely, Southeast Asia, China, India, the Americas, and the Middle East/ North Africa – all predict some level of increase in production through 2020 compared to their current production numbers. Southeast Asia, India, the Americas, and the Middle East/North Africa are all expecting an increase in production ranging from 6.0 – 19.4% by 2020 compared to 2015. When broken down even further, the countries with the highest growth expectations by 2020 are (in no particular order): Ecuador, Honduras, Panama and Saudi Arabia.
Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) makes up 77% of total shrimp production from aquaculture, with species like giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) making up most of the rest of farmed shrimp volumes. However, these species make up very little of the world’s landings of wild-caught shrimp. Aquaculture Capture Fisheries
54%
55%
54%
55%
28%
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
25%
Species included are L. vannamei, P. monodon and Other, M. rosenbergii is excluded.
MT
Sources: FAO (2018) and GOAL (2011-2018).
7,500,000 7,000,000 6,500,000 6,000,000 5,500,000 5,000,000 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000
45%
World Production of Shrimp : Capture Fisheries & Aquaculture
Aquaculture accounted for 54% of world shrimp supplies in 2016.
China includes Freshwater Production of L. vannamei.
Despite L. vannamei’s absence in wild-caught landing, it’s sheer volume of production from aquaculture brings it to make up 42% of the total world shrimp production (capture fisheries and aquaculture combined). Generally, landing volumes for wild-caught shrimp have either remained stagnant or declined over the last 30 years.
World shrimp production 1980-2016
Imports and price volatility The United States has increased its shrimp imports by almost 40% from 2013 to 2018, specifically from India and Indonesia (together accounting for 56% of imports in 2018), while imports from Thailand have decreased by a drastic 73% from 2010 to 2018. Europe is generally increasing shrimp imports too, but not as dramatically as those projected for the US in the coming years. The “price volatility [of shrimp] is a problem,” Dr Anderson claimed, observing that the industry needs to decrease its risk, possibly through better disease management. “If we really want to develop the market…we need a consistent supply at a consistent quality,” he added.
be facing today: disease, international market prices and production costs – particularly the cost of feed. These are this year’s top three constraints to industry growth on a global level, but the growing shrimp industry is up for the challenge. Already constituting 54% of global supply in 2016, Dr Anderson predicts that “aquaculture shrimp could represent about 60% of global supply” if production follows the projected increase through 2020. The shrimp aquaculture industry has plenty of challenges to growth and productivity in its future. However, with new technological developments and increasing innovation from lab to farm, he thinks the industry can meet the challenge.
Essentially, according to Dr Anderson, the price shocks the industry faces need to be mitigated as production increases and intensifies to keep up with future demand. Interestingly, in the US, the demand is largely for bigger shrimp, while most of the world is still producing relatively small shrimp. The trend towards smaller shrimp production around the world could be due, in part, to efforts to harvest shrimp at earlier stages to prevent or reduce the risk of disease.
Industry challenges Dr Anderson concluded by summarizing the three main issues and challenges that the shrimp industry considers itself to
21
www.asianaquaculturenetwork.com
VOL. 3 ISSUE 4 Oct - Dec 2018
PROACTIVE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICAL
ww w.a sian
aqu acu ltur
ene two rk.c
om
VOL. 3 ISSUE 4 201 8 Oct - Dec
"Aqua Practical" brings practical knowledge sharing on technical issues and best practices to its network of members and subscribers. Published quarterly by the Asian Aquaculture Network (AAN). Asian Aquaculture Network (AAN) was established in 2009 as a regional professional network of communication, knowleadge and sharing practical technical information about aquaculture. The primary focus is on promoting sustainable development and profitable practices of aquaculture around the world.
ADVERTISE WITH US TODAY!
E DITORIAL CALENDAR 2018 JAN−MAR APR−JUN JUL−SEP OCT−DEC
Sustainable Aquaculture Responsible Aquaculture AquaSG'18 Special Edition Challenges in Aquaculture 1/2 (H)
Full Page
- HIT THE RIGHT TARGET - EXPEDITE YOUR BUSINESS -
Advertising Rates: W EB BANNER RATES (SGD)
1/4 (V)
1/2 (V) 1/4 (H)
M AGAZINE ADVERTISING SIZE (mm.) Full page:
215.9 x 279.4
Vertical
Horizontal
1/2 page:
107.95 x 279.4
215.9 x 139.7
1/4 page:
107.95 x 139.7
215.9 x 69.85
Artwork file format: .ai .pdf .epi .psd .tiff .jpg Image resolution: 300 DPI (dots per inch) with bleed lines 3 mm included artwork Color: mode CMYK in process for printing / RGB for web banner advertisment Font: Create outlines
22
Size Position Frequency 6 Months 12 Months 212 x 140 px Right Column 2,500 4,500 520 x 140 px Middle Column 2,800 4,900
M AGAZINE RATES (SGD) Page Sizes Frequency 1x 4x Full page 1,700 1,400 x 4 1/2 (vertical/horizontal) 1,050 840 x 4 1/4 (vertical/horizontal) 650 500 x 4 Premium Placement: Inside cover add 300 Outside back cover add 600
What we do
Membership
• Provide updated information and emerging news about aquaculture through magazines and Facebook • Conduct aquaculture trainings and practical workshops by a team of industry experts • Hold annual conferences and seminars • Collaborate with research institutions and universities on research, educational and technological development information exchange and student exchange program • Assist its members in advocating to national goverments • Provide latest pioneering and new technology knowledge and other discovery information to its members • Provide aquaculture supplier directory to members annually
• • •
4 issues of "Aqua Practical" and free acces to the online version of the magazine Free online access for supplier directory Discount on annual seminar and conference and customized seminar and training
Our Readers • Network of professionals in aquaculture industry • Memberships, university libraries, and trade shows AAN facebook
Supplier Directory • Asian Aquaculture Network (AAN) Supplier Directory contains a wide listing of aquaculture suppliers from all over the world • Members get to know suppliers from outside their home country or current location that might be able to offer lower prices for a better quality • They are categorized into specific products and services • AAN Supplier Directory is available online to our members only
Total page likes as of today:
UK 57
Egypt 223 Ecuador 126
Country
India Malaysia Thailand Indonesia Philippines Vietnam Bangladesh Egypt Brazil Singapore Mexico USA
2,046 616 521 482 366 283 261 223 205 189 140 143
Bangladesh 261 India 2,046
Taiwan 88 Thailand Hong Kong 101 521 Vietnam 283
Malaysia 616 Singapore 189 Indonesia 482
Brazil 205
AAN Fans
7,794
China 43
USA 143 Mexico 140
AAN Website
City
AAN Fans
Bangkok 296 Singapore 189 Hyderabad 174 Chennai 118 Kuala Lumpur 114 Ho Chi Minh City 107 Hong Kong 101 Surat, Gujarat 87 Mumbai 86 Yangon 80 Jakarta 66 Cairo 53
Australia 66
Language
AAN Fans
English (US) 3,350 English (UK) 1,701 Spanish 409 Indonesian 371 Thai 340 Vietnamese 236 Arabic 235 Portuguese 201 French (France) 197 Chinese 101 Malay 75 Turkish 53
23
EVENT CALENDAR
Aquaculture
Nov
Oct
Sep
Aug
Jun
May
Apr
Mar
Feb
Jan
EVENTS
24
2019
23-25
BRAQCON 2019 Chennai, India www.braqcon.org
Jan 31-Feb 2
24-27
5-7
7-11
13-15
10-11
12-14
19 – 22
14 – 15
29-31
AquaEx India 2019 Hitex Exhibition Center- Hyderabad www.aquaexindia.com
World Ocean Summit 2019 Abu Dhabi, UAE www.woi.economist.com/world-oceansummit/
Pacific Fisheries Technologists (PFT) San Carlos Nuevo Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico www.pftfish.net
Aquaculture 2019 Marriott New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana USA www.was.org
VIV Asia BITEC Bangna, Bangkok, Thailand www.viv.net
29-30
13th World Congress on Aquaculture & Fisheries Courtyard Marriott, Seoul Korea
7-9
Seafood Expo Global Brussels, Belgium www.seafoodexpo.com World Congress on Advances in Aquaculture Research & Fisheries Dublin, Ireland https://aquaculture-fisheries.pulsusconference.com/
TARS 2019 The Aquaculture RoundTable Series (Venue TBA) www.tarsaquaculture.com
VICTAM International Cologne, Germany www.victaminternational.com
Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2019 Chennai, India www.was.org
Vietfish 2019 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam http://vietfish.com.vn
15-17
4th Seafood Industry Show 2019 Expo Center Norte, Sao Paulo, Brazil http://seafoodshow.com.br
Aqua SG’19 Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore www.aquasg.com
20-22
Latin American & Caribbean Aquaculture 2019 San Jose, Costa Rica www.was.org
7-10
Aquaculture Europe 2019 Berlin, Germany www.aquaeas.eu
31 Oct – 2 Nov
Aquaculture Taiwan Expo & Forum Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center, Hall 1 www.aquaculturetaiwan.com