K 11 cheonggyecheon restoration(smg) 신종호1201 (1)

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Smart City Forum Kyiv, Ukraine, Dec 13, 2017

Cheong-Gye Cheon Restoration Project(CRP)

Jong-ho Shin Dept. of Civil Eng. Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Formerly, Director of Cheon-Gye Cheon Project, Seoul Metropolitan Governement, Korea


CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Implementation III. Planning & Design IV. Construction & Management V. Public Involvement VI. After Restoration VII. Concluding Remarks 2


I. Introduction

3


Korea

Seoul

Area : 600 square kilometer Population : about 10 million

4


Cheon-Gye Cheon Location

Cheon-Gye Cheon - catchment area: 61 km2 - length: 13.7 km - width: 20~85 m

5


Upstream

Down stream Arial view before restoration (2002) 6 6


Early Cheong-Gye cheon

mid of

18th

century

early 19th century

Dredging work ‌. was a natural and clean stream

7


Brief History - 1492: Seoul became a capital - before 1954: stream left alone - 1954 - 1955 : sewer box refurbishment - 1958 - 1978 : covering with concrete structures - 1967 - 1976 : construction of elevated road system

“Cheon-Gye Cheon” means “Stream in Green Valley” 8


in early 1900s 9


After Korean War

1950s-1960s

10


Covered in 1958~1978

11


Construction of elevated road in 1967~1976

in 1990s

12


Just before Restoration 2006

Elevated Road

Covering Structure

13


Problems in CheongGye Cheon in 1990s ~ early 2000s § unsanitary conditions § partially unstable structure - only small cars were allowed from 1997 - maintenance cost soared: US$50M (’94~’99) § failure of flood control

deterioration of structures

flooded, Aug 3, 2003 14


Cheong-Gye Cheon Area Surrounding Commercial Areas § 12 blocks § 6,026 buildings

Business Declination §

residents & employment have reduced by 50,000 and 80,000 respectively over the past decade

§

deterioration of infrastructures and buildings

§

inadequate small-sized factory business in the CBD

§

highly polluted 15


Cheong-Gye Cheon street

16


Project Conception Seoul, after high economic growth in 1970s-1980s ยง

losing economic competitiveness in CBD demanding high quality of life

ยง ยง

adopting new urban management paradigm enhancing economic competitiveness

ยง

Urban Renewal & Revitalization by the CRP 17


Restoration Work(CRP) Before

After

14-lane roads & Sewer

Stream & 4-lane roads

18


Public Opinion Survey before restoration (Jan 2002) Objective 18.0%

Very objective 5.9%

Very favourable 29.8%

Favourable 46.3%

Favourable: 76.1% 19


Public Opinion

Why for? § improve environment: 47% § lower water pollution: 28% § history restoration: 15%

Why against? § traffic congestion: 29% § excessive project cost: 29% § inconvenience during restoration: 28%

20


II. Implementation Strategy

21


Project Strategy Cheong-Gye Cheon Restoration : making environment-friendly city adopting the new paradigm The Catalyst for Urban Revitalization

Accelerating redevelopment of the surrounding area 22 22


Phased Strategy for Urban Regeneration Covered Stream

Covered stream

private

public

private

River Restoration

Population influx

Population influx

Economic activity

Economic activity

Regeneration Start

Regeneration

River restoration

private

public

private

private

public

private

23 23


Differing ideas about restoration and regeneration

24 24


Implementation Process Master Plan, Feasibility study

Consulting from Specialists, Collection of citizens’ opinion

Implementation of planning & design

Restoration Work

Project Governance System General public Related specialists Interest groups

public involvement

Citizens’ Committee. Seoul Metropolitan G. Seoul Development I.

Coordinated by Cheong-Gye Cheon Restoration Office of SMG 25


Administrative Structures • Ministry of environment • Ministry of construction & transportation

Central Government

Seoul Metropolitan Government

CRP

3 Prefectures 26 26


Project Governance Citizens’ Committee - Set Principles - Collect public opinions - Public relations

Research Group

Office of CRP - Project Planning - Project Execution - Cooperation with interest groups

Restoration Project

- Feasibility Study - CBD renew plan - Monitoring

27


Citizens’ Committee §

established on 18th Sept. 2002 (by regulation)

§

organization - 6 working groups - 116 experts and citizens including NGO members

8 O’clock Saturday Open Discussion §

horizontal discussion with project HQ and citizens’ committee

§

promote quick decision making 28 28


Project Procedure Functional Design guidelines government, experts

Committee of technical review

Restoration Design experts

Discussion & Evaluation public, committee

Interest groups

- environment activists - citizens - mass media - other interest group

Design Confirmation 29


III. Planning & Design

30


Master Plan

Natural

Traditional

Urban

31


Key Issues § stream scale § types of waterfront § allocation of space § time-span in historical restoration § water supply § sewerage measure § bridges: separating or, connection § water-friendliness or, safety 32


Sectional Plan Design Criteria ยง secure flood capacity for 200 years frequency rainfall ยง introduce sections enhancing access to water

33


Safety vs Water-friendliness Initial plan

Sufficient time to escape from flooding, but not water-friendly Final design Water-friendly space

Water-friendly, but insufficient time to escape from flooding. requires some countermeasures 34


Allocation of Space Debate on space allocation Ecological space or a space for human ? Ecological Space

Space for Human

“limited access”

“free access”

? Compromised optimal allocation 35


Space allocation example

Right side : mainly for ecology(wildlife)

Left side : for human activity

Down stream

36


Sewer System Design Criteria ยง combined sewer system for rainfall and wastewater ยง capacity : 3 times of estimated wastewater

Combined Sewer System

37


Measures for highly contaminated initial rainfall (non-point contaminants) Discharge

Additional CSO Conventional sewer

Degree of contamination

Time

Environmental criteria

Time

38


Water Supply Plan Waterway plan § width: more than 20% of main waterway width § depth: more than 40 cm § flow velocity: 0.24 m/sec § measures to prevent water loss

Water supply plan § water from the Han river: 120,000 ton/day § underground water from subway stations: 22,000 ton/day

Water quality • BOD: 3mg/l or less

• Total N: 10 mg/l or less

• SS: 25 mg/l or less

• Total P: 1 mg/l or less

• DO: 5 mg/l or less 39


Debate on Water Supply Natural or pumping supply ? ยง in urban area, natural circulation of water is blocked due to the pavement of surface. ยง pumping supply is necessary, without measures for rain water collection.

Final decision: sustainability of pumping supply ยง environmental value >> Pumping cost

40


Points of Water Supply: 120,000 t/day

3,500t

14,000t

78,700t

10,800t

13,000t

Pumping station

Han river Intake station

41


Cheong-Gye Plaza Water fall

Water fall & fountain water Facilities: 9 places Water Wall

Water Wall

Water Wall

Fountain

Water Wall

Water Wall

Fountain

8 1,2

3

4

5

6

7

9 Tunnel Fountain

42


Green Network Plan New green belt with water space ยง increased green space : 276,650 ใ ก ยง extension of green space connecting East and West

(East)

North (West)

Cheong Gye Cheon

Upstream

New town

Downstream

Tongdaemoon Stadium

City Hall

Mt. Nam (South)

43 43


Landscaping Plan ยง new green belt with waterfront: West to East ยง gradual transformation from urban landscape to natural environment ยง create ecological Biotop and environment ยง thematic places: waterfall and fountains

Upstream

Downstream

A

B

C

Urban + Industrial Image Historical + Urban Image

Urban + Natural Image 44


Planting Plan Street Tree

Street Tree

Wall greening

Wall greening

Marsh area

Urban type

Natural type

800x900x1000 Natural stones

45


Sidewall Planting Typical Plan

1 1.618

Inclined Wall

Vertical Wall

46


Bridge Plan Severance vs Connection Before

After

stream

intersection

bridge

Cars & pedestrians Pedestrians 4747


Total 22 bridges Design concept ยง minimize flow resistance ยง create as cultural places ยง implement historical values

Bridge location

for car for ped. 48


Lighting Plan Design Concept ยง target areas : Start point, Gwang-Gyo, Supyo-gyo and Dongdaemun ยง appropriate degree of illumination based on fish and insect life. ยง 3-Dimensional consideration Road Lighting WHITE COLOR 30Lux

River Lighting WARM & ACCENT COLOR 5~15Lux

Road Lighting WHITE COLOR 30Lux

200years HWL 50 years flood water level

Water level

49


Scenic Lighting Light symbolizing history

Light containing urban culture

Beginning point Plaza

Light harmonizing with nature

End point Dongdaemoon

50


Restoration of Historic Relics Basic approaches § preserve or restore historic relics § consider current situation: flood, traffic, merchants § involve specialists

Site survey (Feb 2003 to June 2004) § restore 600 year old bridge: Gwangtong-gyo § 150 m upstream from the original site § restore Supyo-gyo and Ogansu-gyo: future plan

51


Restoration of Historic Relics

wall foundation

Bridge foundation

Restored Gwang-tong bridge 52


Reproducing Historic Image 5 flood gates

Laundry site

53


Relics of Industrialization

Preserved substructures of elevated highway

54


IV. Construction & Management

55


Construction Plan

Construction Sector Division 56 56


Stage 1: Scaffolding

Restoration Process Stage 3: Covered road demolition

Stage 2: Highway demolition

Stage 4: Sewer, road & bridge construction

Stage 5: Landscaping for the recovered area

57


Demolition

River formation

Dismantling the elevated roads

Dismantling the covered structures 58


Budget Control Total Project Cost : 305 million dollar (U.S) • design • construction • land acquisition • project management • admin.

: 1.7 : 294.0 : 2.3 : 6.1 : 0.5

All budget was from Seoul Metropolitan Government

59 59


Schedule Management 1st Year(2003)

2nd Year(2004)

6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

3rd Year(2005) 1

2

3

4

▪▪▪▪

9

Preparation Demolition

Bridge Construction Road & Embankment Sewerage

Water Supply River Structures Landscape & Aux.

: total 27months 60


V. Public Involvement

61


Key Public Complaints Traffic disaster warned

Business decline

Cheong-Gye Road & Express ยง urban backbone corridor ยง 170,000 vehicles/day

Protest demanding measures for business decline

ยง Traffic congestion : access difficulty ยง Noise & dust due to construction 62


Measures for Transport Discourage driving cars in the city center Improve traffic system § subway system § bus-only lane Manage traffic demand Construct alternative access ⇒ No serious traffic problem

63


Measures for Business Detailed survey on the markets and continuous interviews ยง consultation offices at the markets ยง regular meeting on the project Minimize inconvenience for business activity ยง use cutting-edge technology ยง provide parking space nearby 64


Measures for individual merchants Stimulate business activity ยง Reduce parking fee ยง Improve parking system for loading & unloading ยง Promote Cheong Gye Cheon stores

Financial support and subsidies ยง Low-interest loans ยง Grants for the market remodeling

Special arrangement for street vendors Support business relocation

65


Public Involvement Wall of Hope 20,000 citizens participated and wrote their wishes on the ceramic tiles with size of 10x10cm

66


Public relations

Information Centre Site Tour

67


VI. After Restoration

68


Restored Cheong-Gye Cheon

Upstream side

69


Spaces for Citizens

Public opinion after completion Ăź Well done: 95% 70


Increase in pedestrian trips Increase in between April 2003 and April 2006

rate of increase(%)

weekday

71


Shops newly opened (2006)

72


Nature Returns Diversity of species ยง fishes: 3 รฐ 14 species ยง birds 18 species are found ยง insect: 7 รฐ 41 species

73


Short-term Monitoring Results Traffic § only 1.3% indicated worsened traffic § 3.6% subway user increase § auto inflow drops

Environment § temperature drop: -3.6oC § dust density: 85.8 ð 79.7 μg/m3 § noise level reduced

Real estate § over 40% increase of land and apartment value § industry change: tools & cloth ð café, restaurant

74


Temperature reduction (in 2005: 3.0° C)

After Restoration

Before Restoration

75


Active redevelopment

Oct. 2004

Redevelopment soaring Redevelopment along CheongGye Cheon 76


Public Opinion on Environment after Completion 87%

Air Water Noise

V improved Improved Unchanged

Odour Daylight Wind 0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

77


VII. Concluding Remarks

78


Concluding Remarks

Significance of CRP Project § adoption of changes in the urban management paradigm (from ‘car’ to ‘human’) § restoration of nature, ecology, history & culture § CDB regeneration

Lessons Learned § successful project governance § active conflict solving and public involvement § effective project management

79 79


Park Pochaina Project

Pochaina ยง ยง

2 km long, 35~200 m wide Max drop: 2m 80


Pochaina ยง ยง

2 km long, 35~200 m wide Max drop: 2m

81 81


82 82


Common Characteristics with CRP § historic significance § located in the city center § function of flood control § transferring from industrial area to urban business area

… better Conditions for Restoration § much more available land adjacent to the project site § sufficient water face to connect § more opportunity for urbane development 83 83


To be Considered ยง need to be part of urban regeneration plan ยง consider whole water system in the city ยง require keeping high quality of water ยง hierarchical consideration of restoration factors Flood control

Historical & Cultural place

Environmental & Ecological space 84


What Priority in Principles & Functions ?

flood control

ecological space

historical place

cultural space

sustainability environmental-friendliness 85 85


Degree of Influence Project progress

initiation

Citizens

Experts

feasibility

planning & basic design

detail design

construction

operation

degree of influence

degree of influence

86


Thank You for Your Attention “ 감사합니다 ”

87


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