Smart City Forum Kyiv, Ukraine, Dec 13, 2017
Cheong-Gye Cheon Restoration Project(CRP)
Jong-ho Shin Dept. of Civil Eng. Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea Formerly, Director of Cheon-Gye Cheon Project, Seoul Metropolitan Governement, Korea
CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Implementation III. Planning & Design IV. Construction & Management V. Public Involvement VI. After Restoration VII. Concluding Remarks 2
I. Introduction
3
Korea
Seoul
Area : 600 square kilometer Population : about 10 million
4
Cheon-Gye Cheon Location
Cheon-Gye Cheon - catchment area: 61 km2 - length: 13.7 km - width: 20~85 m
5
Upstream
Down stream Arial view before restoration (2002) 6 6
Early Cheong-Gye cheon
mid of
18th
century
early 19th century
Dredging work ‌. was a natural and clean stream
7
Brief History - 1492: Seoul became a capital - before 1954: stream left alone - 1954 - 1955 : sewer box refurbishment - 1958 - 1978 : covering with concrete structures - 1967 - 1976 : construction of elevated road system
“Cheon-Gye Cheon” means “Stream in Green Valley” 8
in early 1900s 9
After Korean War
1950s-1960s
10
Covered in 1958~1978
11
Construction of elevated road in 1967~1976
in 1990s
12
Just before Restoration 2006
Elevated Road
Covering Structure
13
Problems in CheongGye Cheon in 1990s ~ early 2000s § unsanitary conditions § partially unstable structure - only small cars were allowed from 1997 - maintenance cost soared: US$50M (’94~’99) § failure of flood control
deterioration of structures
flooded, Aug 3, 2003 14
Cheong-Gye Cheon Area Surrounding Commercial Areas § 12 blocks § 6,026 buildings
Business Declination §
residents & employment have reduced by 50,000 and 80,000 respectively over the past decade
§
deterioration of infrastructures and buildings
§
inadequate small-sized factory business in the CBD
§
highly polluted 15
Cheong-Gye Cheon street
16
Project Conception Seoul, after high economic growth in 1970s-1980s ยง
losing economic competitiveness in CBD demanding high quality of life
ยง ยง
adopting new urban management paradigm enhancing economic competitiveness
ยง
Urban Renewal & Revitalization by the CRP 17
Restoration Work(CRP) Before
After
14-lane roads & Sewer
Stream & 4-lane roads
18
Public Opinion Survey before restoration (Jan 2002) Objective 18.0%
Very objective 5.9%
Very favourable 29.8%
Favourable 46.3%
Favourable: 76.1% 19
Public Opinion
•
Why for? § improve environment: 47% § lower water pollution: 28% § history restoration: 15%
•
Why against? § traffic congestion: 29% § excessive project cost: 29% § inconvenience during restoration: 28%
20
II. Implementation Strategy
21
Project Strategy Cheong-Gye Cheon Restoration : making environment-friendly city adopting the new paradigm The Catalyst for Urban Revitalization
Accelerating redevelopment of the surrounding area 22 22
Phased Strategy for Urban Regeneration Covered Stream
Covered stream
private
public
private
River Restoration
Population influx
Population influx
Economic activity
Economic activity
Regeneration Start
Regeneration
River restoration
private
public
private
private
public
private
23 23
Differing ideas about restoration and regeneration
24 24
Implementation Process Master Plan, Feasibility study
Consulting from Specialists, Collection of citizens’ opinion
Implementation of planning & design
Restoration Work
Project Governance System General public Related specialists Interest groups
public involvement
Citizens’ Committee. Seoul Metropolitan G. Seoul Development I.
Coordinated by Cheong-Gye Cheon Restoration Office of SMG 25
Administrative Structures • Ministry of environment • Ministry of construction & transportation
Central Government
Seoul Metropolitan Government
CRP
3 Prefectures 26 26
Project Governance Citizens’ Committee - Set Principles - Collect public opinions - Public relations
Research Group
Office of CRP - Project Planning - Project Execution - Cooperation with interest groups
Restoration Project
- Feasibility Study - CBD renew plan - Monitoring
27
Citizens’ Committee §
established on 18th Sept. 2002 (by regulation)
§
organization - 6 working groups - 116 experts and citizens including NGO members
8 O’clock Saturday Open Discussion §
horizontal discussion with project HQ and citizens’ committee
§
promote quick decision making 28 28
Project Procedure Functional Design guidelines government, experts
Committee of technical review
Restoration Design experts
Discussion & Evaluation public, committee
Interest groups
- environment activists - citizens - mass media - other interest group
Design Confirmation 29
III. Planning & Design
30
Master Plan
Natural
Traditional
Urban
31
Key Issues § stream scale § types of waterfront § allocation of space § time-span in historical restoration § water supply § sewerage measure § bridges: separating or, connection § water-friendliness or, safety 32
Sectional Plan Design Criteria ยง secure flood capacity for 200 years frequency rainfall ยง introduce sections enhancing access to water
33
Safety vs Water-friendliness Initial plan
Sufficient time to escape from flooding, but not water-friendly Final design Water-friendly space
Water-friendly, but insufficient time to escape from flooding. requires some countermeasures 34
Allocation of Space Debate on space allocation Ecological space or a space for human ? Ecological Space
Space for Human
“limited access”
“free access”
? Compromised optimal allocation 35
Space allocation example
Right side : mainly for ecology(wildlife)
Left side : for human activity
Down stream
36
Sewer System Design Criteria ยง combined sewer system for rainfall and wastewater ยง capacity : 3 times of estimated wastewater
Combined Sewer System
37
Measures for highly contaminated initial rainfall (non-point contaminants) Discharge
Additional CSO Conventional sewer
Degree of contamination
Time
Environmental criteria
Time
38
Water Supply Plan Waterway plan § width: more than 20% of main waterway width § depth: more than 40 cm § flow velocity: 0.24 m/sec § measures to prevent water loss
Water supply plan § water from the Han river: 120,000 ton/day § underground water from subway stations: 22,000 ton/day
Water quality • BOD: 3mg/l or less
• Total N: 10 mg/l or less
• SS: 25 mg/l or less
• Total P: 1 mg/l or less
• DO: 5 mg/l or less 39
Debate on Water Supply Natural or pumping supply ? ยง in urban area, natural circulation of water is blocked due to the pavement of surface. ยง pumping supply is necessary, without measures for rain water collection.
Final decision: sustainability of pumping supply ยง environmental value >> Pumping cost
40
Points of Water Supply: 120,000 t/day
3,500t
14,000t
78,700t
10,800t
13,000t
Pumping station
Han river Intake station
41
Cheong-Gye Plaza Water fall
Water fall & fountain water Facilities: 9 places Water Wall
Water Wall
Water Wall
Fountain
Water Wall
Water Wall
Fountain
8 1,2
3
4
5
6
7
9 Tunnel Fountain
42
Green Network Plan New green belt with water space ยง increased green space : 276,650 ใ ก ยง extension of green space connecting East and West
(East)
North (West)
Cheong Gye Cheon
Upstream
New town
Downstream
Tongdaemoon Stadium
City Hall
Mt. Nam (South)
43 43
Landscaping Plan ยง new green belt with waterfront: West to East ยง gradual transformation from urban landscape to natural environment ยง create ecological Biotop and environment ยง thematic places: waterfall and fountains
Upstream
Downstream
A
B
C
Urban + Industrial Image Historical + Urban Image
Urban + Natural Image 44
Planting Plan Street Tree
Street Tree
Wall greening
Wall greening
Marsh area
Urban type
Natural type
800x900x1000 Natural stones
45
Sidewall Planting Typical Plan
1 1.618
Inclined Wall
Vertical Wall
46
Bridge Plan Severance vs Connection Before
After
stream
intersection
bridge
Cars & pedestrians Pedestrians 4747
Total 22 bridges Design concept ยง minimize flow resistance ยง create as cultural places ยง implement historical values
Bridge location
for car for ped. 48
Lighting Plan Design Concept ยง target areas : Start point, Gwang-Gyo, Supyo-gyo and Dongdaemun ยง appropriate degree of illumination based on fish and insect life. ยง 3-Dimensional consideration Road Lighting WHITE COLOR 30Lux
River Lighting WARM & ACCENT COLOR 5~15Lux
Road Lighting WHITE COLOR 30Lux
200years HWL 50 years flood water level
Water level
49
Scenic Lighting Light symbolizing history
Light containing urban culture
Beginning point Plaza
Light harmonizing with nature
End point Dongdaemoon
50
Restoration of Historic Relics Basic approaches § preserve or restore historic relics § consider current situation: flood, traffic, merchants § involve specialists
Site survey (Feb 2003 to June 2004) § restore 600 year old bridge: Gwangtong-gyo § 150 m upstream from the original site § restore Supyo-gyo and Ogansu-gyo: future plan
51
Restoration of Historic Relics
wall foundation
Bridge foundation
Restored Gwang-tong bridge 52
Reproducing Historic Image 5 flood gates
Laundry site
53
Relics of Industrialization
Preserved substructures of elevated highway
54
IV. Construction & Management
55
Construction Plan
Construction Sector Division 56 56
Stage 1: Scaffolding
Restoration Process Stage 3: Covered road demolition
Stage 2: Highway demolition
Stage 4: Sewer, road & bridge construction
Stage 5: Landscaping for the recovered area
57
Demolition
River formation
Dismantling the elevated roads
Dismantling the covered structures 58
Budget Control Total Project Cost : 305 million dollar (U.S) • design • construction • land acquisition • project management • admin.
: 1.7 : 294.0 : 2.3 : 6.1 : 0.5
All budget was from Seoul Metropolitan Government
59 59
Schedule Management 1st Year(2003)
2nd Year(2004)
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
3rd Year(2005) 1
2
3
4
▪▪▪▪
9
Preparation Demolition
Bridge Construction Road & Embankment Sewerage
Water Supply River Structures Landscape & Aux.
: total 27months 60
V. Public Involvement
61
Key Public Complaints Traffic disaster warned
Business decline
Cheong-Gye Road & Express ยง urban backbone corridor ยง 170,000 vehicles/day
Protest demanding measures for business decline
ยง Traffic congestion : access difficulty ยง Noise & dust due to construction 62
Measures for Transport Discourage driving cars in the city center Improve traffic system § subway system § bus-only lane Manage traffic demand Construct alternative access ⇒ No serious traffic problem
63
Measures for Business Detailed survey on the markets and continuous interviews ยง consultation offices at the markets ยง regular meeting on the project Minimize inconvenience for business activity ยง use cutting-edge technology ยง provide parking space nearby 64
Measures for individual merchants Stimulate business activity ยง Reduce parking fee ยง Improve parking system for loading & unloading ยง Promote Cheong Gye Cheon stores
Financial support and subsidies ยง Low-interest loans ยง Grants for the market remodeling
Special arrangement for street vendors Support business relocation
65
Public Involvement Wall of Hope 20,000 citizens participated and wrote their wishes on the ceramic tiles with size of 10x10cm
66
Public relations
Information Centre Site Tour
67
VI. After Restoration
68
Restored Cheong-Gye Cheon
Upstream side
69
Spaces for Citizens
Public opinion after completion Ăź Well done: 95% 70
Increase in pedestrian trips Increase in between April 2003 and April 2006
rate of increase(%)
weekday
71
Shops newly opened (2006)
72
Nature Returns Diversity of species ยง fishes: 3 รฐ 14 species ยง birds 18 species are found ยง insect: 7 รฐ 41 species
73
Short-term Monitoring Results Traffic § only 1.3% indicated worsened traffic § 3.6% subway user increase § auto inflow drops
Environment § temperature drop: -3.6oC § dust density: 85.8 ð 79.7 μg/m3 § noise level reduced
Real estate § over 40% increase of land and apartment value § industry change: tools & cloth ð café, restaurant
74
Temperature reduction (in 2005: 3.0° C)
After Restoration
Before Restoration
75
Active redevelopment
Oct. 2004
Redevelopment soaring Redevelopment along CheongGye Cheon 76
Public Opinion on Environment after Completion 87%
Air Water Noise
V improved Improved Unchanged
Odour Daylight Wind 0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
77
VII. Concluding Remarks
78
Concluding Remarks
Significance of CRP Project § adoption of changes in the urban management paradigm (from ‘car’ to ‘human’) § restoration of nature, ecology, history & culture § CDB regeneration
Lessons Learned § successful project governance § active conflict solving and public involvement § effective project management
79 79
Park Pochaina Project
Pochaina ยง ยง
2 km long, 35~200 m wide Max drop: 2m 80
Pochaina ยง ยง
2 km long, 35~200 m wide Max drop: 2m
81 81
82 82
Common Characteristics with CRP § historic significance § located in the city center § function of flood control § transferring from industrial area to urban business area
… better Conditions for Restoration § much more available land adjacent to the project site § sufficient water face to connect § more opportunity for urbane development 83 83
To be Considered ยง need to be part of urban regeneration plan ยง consider whole water system in the city ยง require keeping high quality of water ยง hierarchical consideration of restoration factors Flood control
Historical & Cultural place
Environmental & Ecological space 84
What Priority in Principles & Functions ?
flood control
ecological space
historical place
cultural space
sustainability environmental-friendliness 85 85
Degree of Influence Project progress
initiation
Citizens
Experts
feasibility
planning & basic design
detail design
construction
operation
degree of influence
degree of influence
86
Thank You for Your Attention “ 감사합니다 ”
87