MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
The Integrated Case Study Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt Process & Roles Ezbet Bakhiet Cairo - Egypt 2014/2015
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Disclaimer ‘The Integrated Case Study - Informal Areas' Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles’ is produced as a part of the Integrated Case Study (ICS) module.
© IUSD Masters Program, 2014 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of IUSD-ASU, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. All rights reserved The ICS and associated publications would not have been possible without the support of variety of donors and partners organizations, which are thanked collectively as follows: IUSD is funded by DAAD, BMZ, BMF, MoHE The ICS 2014/2015 is generously supported by the MOURIS The ICS 2014/2015 is held at Ain Shams University - Egypt Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation
Ministry of Higher Education
Contacts: MSc Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design www.iusd.uni-stuttgart.de Ain Shams University
Faculty of Engineering El Sarayat street 1, Abbassia, Cairo-Egypt Fax: 0020222728225 Email: iusd@eng.asu.edu.eg
“Ezbet Bekhit” Team Aly El Sayed Charlotte Watermann Maram Sha’ban Yasmine Halawa
Ain Shams Teaching Staff Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen Assistant Prof. Marwa Abd Al Latif Dr. Hassan ElMouelhi Ain Shams Assisting Team Eng. Aya El-Wagieh Eng. Mohammed Alfiky Achnowledgement We would like to achnowledge the input of: Mr. Khalil Shaat; Mr. Mohamed Abou Samra; Mr. Yahia Shawkat; Ms. Nagwa Raouf; Dr. Raghda El-Ibrashy and Dr. Sherif Algohary
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
MAPPING AL-EZBAH Location and overview
her o Ot ion t er areas t c e n Con hiet Nass s Man
tre rs xo Lu et
Macro-scale: In black Manshiet Nasser in Cairo
to ieka De w
Sa
la h
Sa
lem
Zoom in: Ezbet Bakhiet
rd
MN 10 ead
City of the d
d dr
tra os t Au
Azhar Park
Autostrad
the higher the building the richer in the inhabitants
MN 3
Rockfall MN 4
URBAN ASPECTS
MN 5
Population of Ezbet Bekhit: 37.000 (2003) 75 % of the residents are from Upper Egypt 86% of the buildings are out of bricks and concrete 52 % are lierate (piffero 2009) 45,7 % are below the lower egyptian poverty line. 85 % are self- employed; 55 % work within the area 57 % of the units are rented
MN 2
MN 6
ser Manshiet Nas MN 8
MN 7 MN 9
Citadell
60% tap water acess Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Micro-scale: In black Ezbet Bakhiet in Manshieh 4
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
MAPPING HISTORY Ezbet Bakhiet and the whole manshieh was a mountain used for lime stone extractions till the 60s. Therefore it has its current typography in that form. People since the Mamluk times were living in what is nowadays as dead Cairo and this mountain was only approached for stone-work.
2008
Mid 90s
Mid 80s
Dweiqa’s rock fall resulting in the death of many from the Manshieh residents.
After Manshieh was full, people started to move to Dweiqa, spontanous planning since late 80s.
Suzan Mubarak’s organization opened in Zarayeb as the first developmental org. - attracted development movements.
Planning building capacity
Masaken Suzan Mubarak
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Seweage
Cultural and Youth centers
2014
More people attracted to live in the area.
The vegtables market started in Al Manshieh, which is now the parallel market to the Autostrad.
2006
Families started to call their relatives from other spots in Egypt, for shared living and business. Area streets and districts started to be named on their villages and people.
Opening king Khaled bridge, and the Autostrad Pavement, in addition to making public transportation (Autobies 65) inclusive.
2004
Facilities (water and sewage) were provided to ezbeh through public taps. Named therefore after Jamal Abd Al Nasser due to this decission.
Establishment of Al-Ashira al Muhamadieh which is the participatory platform for the service provision Mosque, kindergarten..).
1999
More tribal people started to join these new emerging settlements especially from upper Egypt for low-cost living.
After the war, more people started to immigrate to the area from Suez and other areas in Egypt for its cheap residency (almost free) and being close to the “city center” for their work.
Mid 70s
1967 Some People were moved from their zarayeb in the Fatimid Cairo (around Salah Salem) to al manshieh area due to road developmental plan.
210
20
90
80
1998
70
60
ENSSR Spanish company Almost initiated garabage recycle project
SHAIKH ZAYED Hospital and school Opening at the borders of Ezbet Bekhiet
GTZ two buildigs
5
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
MAPPING INFORMATION Interviews and methodology
Tools for data collection Local Active member at Yaci | contractor for GTZ infrastructure project: Ahmed
Telephone interviews
Kelma wahda Local co-founder & deputy: Ahmed
One-to-one interview Group interviews
Masria lel tanmieh al shamla | Head of projects: Muna
Reports, maps and documents
YACI Head of projects: Amal CBO local member: Amaal
Ministry of social affiars- Local unit of Ezbet Bakhiet: Hassan
Shabab Manshiet Naser lel tanmia | HR developer: Taghreed Contact person Ana Masri foundation: Hani
Remal Foundation Junior architect: Shadi
Unstructured interviews with People
AL-Ashira al muhamadieh CBO
Unstructured Interviews Random sample from the locals (around 20 people)
Cairo Governorate advisor from GIZ: Khalil Shaat
OTHERS SOURCES
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
MAPPING INTERVENTIONS
Locating and categorizing different interventions
D.P 1 Sewage System implementation D.P 2 Youth and cultural centers rehabilitation
D.P 1
D.P 3 Two association buildings
D.P 8
D.P 4 Twelve building rennovation
D.P 7
D.P 5 Green open space D.P 6 Shiekh Zayed hospital & school
D.P 3
D.P 7 Sons of Banga community hall D.P 6
D.P 8 Kids Playground
D.P 4 D.P 2
D.S 2 Child & mother support & services D.S 3 Anti- sexual harrassment campaign D.S 4 Micro- credit loans
S
P
Physical
D.P 5
D.S 1 Vocational & Capacity building & seed fund
Soft
D
D.P 6
Developmental
R D.P 2
Relief Ramadan food distribution Case by case support
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Categorization of interventions
S.C Social Cooperative Funeral prep. Holding weddings Hosting public meetings
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
MAPPING INTERVENTIONS
Detailed intervention analysis Intervention
Fund
Stakeholders
Beneficiaries
Participation
Participatory Urban Development of Manshiet Nasser distrcit D.P 1 Sewage system implementation D.P 2 Youth and cultural centers rehabilitation D.P 3 Two association buildings D.S 1 Vocational & Capacity building & seed fund
Shiekh Zayed hospital and school
Remal foundation for urban development initiative D.P 4 Twelve building rennovation
Resala Intervention
green space
D.P 5 open
Private donations
Private donations
Resala
Soft development of local community
D.S 1 Vocational & Capacity building & seed fund D.S 2 Child & mother support & services D.S 4 Micro- credit loans
European Union intiative
D.S 1 Vocational & Capacity building & seed fund D.P 4 building rennovation
MOURIS
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Ů?Ana El Masry
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
MAPPING STAKEHOLDERS
Luxor Sons league
Osman Group
Ministry of Education
based E.B NGOs
ation
we po em
International donors
Autho ris
ice y serv t i n u Comm ground ck on ba
Manshiet Nasser Youth
Ward Masir NGO
El Salam NGO
Bedaya NGO
YACI NGO
Remal
Unhealthy Competence
Lack of trust
Egyptian Foundation for inclusive development
Rotary
Amal (hope) NGO
External NGOs
t en m r
e op o C
Mobadra
Shagara
The Europian union Sheikh Zayed foundation
Ministry of social affiars- Local unit of Ezbet Bakhiet
Ezbet Bekheet Local community
Specialist Authorization
PRIMARY - PLAY E R S
Ana El Masry
d an n tio ra
Care foundation
O PLAYERS VET
Resala
Private companies
KEY-PLAYERS
EMAAR MISR
Save the children
Banga Sons league (Sohag)
Municipality Ministry of Social affairs
Ministry of Health
MOURIS
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Cairo Governorate
GOPP
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
MAPPING BOTTOM-UP APPROACH GTZ approach and framework
Kelma Wa7da Elslam
Ward Misr Egyptian association for holistic development
E.B existing NGOs
GIZ CAPACITY
Local Active member at Yaci | contractor for GTZ infrastructure project: Ahmed
Community activists
150 of his community network Semi-volunteers they calculated labourship: offered half price salary for labour, and half goes for the impleentation
Ezbet Bekhiet Sons
Bedaya
Shabab Manshiet Nasser for development
Youth association for community enhancement YACI
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Sewage project Infrastructure
Youth Center Upgrade
Cultural center recreational upgrading
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
MAPPING BOTTOM-UP APPROACH Local NGOs approach and framework
The Europian union
Ministry of Social affairs
Save the children
Rotary foundation
Community Donations
Volunteers
Minister of Urban Renewal & Informal Settlements
Cairo Governorate
Shagara foundation i the Egyptian organisation
Remal Foundation
Shabab Manshiet Naser for development
Osman Group Sponsors hiring 60 Youth
300 Local community Youth memeber (18 - 30 Yrs)
Local community Youth
Local community Youth
12 Renovated houses owners and one with green rooftop by Shagara Foundation
Private German company Sponsors hiring 60 Youth
Cooperation and linkage Fund donations
Private companies Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Employment opportunities
Start ups
Handcrafts
Training & capacity building
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
MAPPING PUBLIC OPINION TENDANCY Unstructured interviews
Unstructured interviews with random samples of people from the street resulted as the following: Women group mentioned health programs and education support without mentioning exactly from which NGOs they were profiting. A group of men were convinced that the sewage system has not been done by the GIZ but by the Municipality. Moreover they were skeptical towards NGOs as they believe that they would only grasp the surface of the problems and as it is many corruption. By talking to 14-years old girls we could understand that they did not know anything about the GIZ project. Yet, they mentioned the hospital and the school built by the Sheikh Zayed.
Unstructured Interviews Random sample from the locals (around 20 people)
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
MAPPING PROBLEMS Lack of real participatory method, exclusion, and fatal competence between NGOs
N
o
le co LOCAL ct io m SELECTIVES n m preh
nal benifits
seeking perso
PEOPLE Lack of trust bubble
roa pp
Active volunteerism base
To
pd
ow
na
P an erm d iss au io th n or isa t
U co nhe m alt pe hy te nc e
all e to s usiv incl s, NGO not st tic i and ctiv ed par nted les, a ot Orie ty circ fake ro e soci evels l and on i ipat
POTENTIAL ANALYSIS
ch
DONERS
Sel e (co cted c ntr irc cat a ion cts ar les of e s) e fak not b mploy e ro a m ote sed o ent nq dp u art icip alifiatio n
h peolationship wit re al re t ec ir No D GOs hed through N ple - approac d conan ted database Means, Orien tact list
e ho siv do e s lo egy
et
io
n
nd tion a nship a r e p o o No co ratic relati c o r beu
from h c ion ivat pproa a mot No ing the ment t p shif develo into No comprehesive developmental plan but singular implementations No participation with community
CBO
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Well established NGO’s (Even if not networked yet)
GOVERNATE
Active CBO’s in the social cooperative zone
Most experienced for Donors and implementation methodologies A part of al manshia, the oldest and one of the biggest informalities in Cairo which made it most popular internationally
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Bakhiet
RECOMMENDATIONS Establishing a unified framework methodology based on community networking and stakeholders
Learning from regional casestudies
The infrastructure and camps improvement department (ICIP) in UNRWA (United nation for relief and work agency for Palestinian refugees): providing a practical tool set for the development and implementation of Camp Improvement Plans in the camps.
The camp improvement plan
Initial contact
Action plan
Integrated needs assessment
Project implementation
Integrated diagnosis
Monitoring/ evaluation
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Establishing an opened mixed platform from community locals, local figures, NGOs, CBOs, Ezbit bakhiet unit (governorate) and other interested stakeholder that remains as a working opened base in the Ezbeh for whoever is interested. This platform will act as a self-organized working platform in the Ezbeh, that will start to attract the new donors after loosing popularity. Forming a well organized structure that networks all the NGOs in the area together, where they become members of the mother-NGO. NGOs then with same field of work will have to collaborate together and not compete when funds flush to the ground. evaluation system will have to be provided in order to monitor the performance of each member each year and only support those that remain active. CBOs become a part of this network and shift their approach from relief to development. 14