MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
The Integrated Case Study Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt Process & Roles Ezbet Al Lamoon Cairo - Egypt 2014/2015
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Disclaimer ‘The Integrated Case Study - Informal Areas' Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles’ is produced as a part of the Integrated Case Study (ICS) module.
© IUSD Masters Program, 2014 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of IUSD-ASU, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. All rights reserved The ICS and associated publications would not have been possible without the support of variety of donors and partners organizations, which are thanked collectively as follows: IUSD is funded by DAAD, BMZ, BMF, MoHE The ICS 2014/2015 is generously supported by the MOURIS The ICS 2014/2015 is held at Ain Shams University - Egypt Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation
Ministry of Higher Education
Contacts: MSc Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design www.iusd.uni-stuttgart.de Ain Shams University
Faculty of Engineering El Sarayat street 1, Abbassia, Cairo-Egypt Fax: 0020222728225 Email: iusd@eng.asu.edu.eg
“Ezbet Al Lamoon” Team Ahmad Abayazeed Nada Jouni Lisa Gaensbauer
Ain Shams Teaching Staff Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen Assistant Prof. Marwa Abd Al Latif Dr. Hassan ElMouelhi Ain Shams Assisting Team Eng. Aya El-Wagieh Eng. Mohammed Alfiky Achnowledgement We would like to achnowledge the input of: Mr. Khalil Shaat; Mr. Mohamed Abou Samra; Mr. Yahia Shawkat; Ms. Nagwa Raouf; Dr. Raghda El-Ibrashy and Dr. Sherif Algohary
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Table of Content 1. Introduction 2. Area Profile 2.1 Location 2.2 History 2.3 Urban aspects 2.4 Inhabitants profiles 3. Mapping Interventions 3.1 Description 3.2 Stakeholders analysis 3.3 Impact of interventions 4. Discussion and Recommendations
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
4
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
1. Introduction & Methodology • Ezbet Al Lamoon is an area located in the North-East of Cairo and South within the district of Matareyya. • It is one of Matareyyas’ four informal settlements • It contains some social housing, a mosque and Matareyya Sportclub on its boarder.
Site Visits 1. Mohammad Abdel-Wahed (GOPP) Observations GOPP Report 2. Om Aya, Hag Mohammad and Mohammed Hamdy Housevisit 3. Osama Hamdy Informal interviews 4. Hag Mohammad Informal interviews Telephone interviews
Social Housing M
Market Mataraya Sportclub
3
School and Hospital
4
Ministry of Health M
2 1 © google maps
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
© google maps
5
3. Mapping Interventions
arders/Connections to City/Context Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles Youssef Kamal Palace Stakeholder
Ezbet Al Lamoon
2. Area Profile // Location
Ezbel Al Nakhl
Al Matarawy
Ain Shams
Walls
M
Metroline Al Zaitoon
Matareyya district within Greater Cairo
© google maps
El-H
ore
ya
M
© google maps
© google maps
Location of Matareyya District within the Location of Ezbet Al Lamoon Area within the Boarders and Entrances of Ezbet Al Lamoon Greater Cairo Metropolitan Region Matareyya District. Size: 4581 feddans
Size: 20 feddans Population: 5.000 Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams 416 University - Phase I Density: people/feddans
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
North: Social housing and walls of the Matareyya club East: Metro line 1 South: El-Horeya Street West: Al Matarawy Street © www.faroukmisr.net
6
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
2. Area Profile // History
0 B.c. Village, Maria and Jesus stayed three months at a well.
1960 -1970
The farmers started to split their land and sell it. First people from Upper Egypt started to arrive and settle. Electricity and water infrastructure was installed by the municipality.
1970 -12014
Growth The whole area was built and the density increased. New highrise buildings arise. Old houses reached the limit of capacity.
1909 Prince Youssef Kamel Palace. Agricultural land with lemons and oranges. Some farmhouses were built.
52 Revolution
1952 Revolution. A new law made the splitting of land possible. Each farmer had his own land. Sewage network was installed by the British camp.
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
7
1.Location
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Cairo/Matareyya/Size/Boarders/Connections to City/Context 2. Area Profile // Urban Aspects
Physical Aspects
© google maps
Conditions of buildings
Matareyya district within Greater Cairo
Urban fabric
Houses have no obvious cracks, some are plastered. Dense urban fabric with narrow streets and paths. Not all windows are glassed; some are only openings and Many dead-end streets. others are covered by curtains only. Houses are 3-5 stories high. Some houses host small shops in the ground floors, which are often 50cm elevated. In the upper floors, horizontal extensions are added, balconies are turned into rooms and the sky is barely visible
© Lisa Gaensbauer
Open spaces Only one large open space exists in the area, where vendors sell their goods and cars are parked. The narrow streets are used for playing games, selling goods and social interactions.
in the alleys.
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
8
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
2. Area Profile // Urban Aspects Socio-cultural Aspects Origin of people Small villages from Upper Egypt
Process of settling After finding a shelter as well as a job, the men called for their families to follow them. Until today relatives and former neighbours are living in the area together.
Owners vs. residents Owners and renters live together in the area. The inhabitants know each other.
Constellation of houses Often one family shares one room in a building. 30-50 people may live in one building with shared bathroom and kitchen. Only some people have television as well as computers.
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
© Lisa Gaensbauer
Perception inside and outside People from outside don’t go to the area; they consider it as unsafe, full of drug-dealers and crime. Some inhabitants fear the drug-dealing in the area and are ashamed of its conditions. They hope to move out as soon as possible. The drug dealers benefit from this neglected situation.
9
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
2. Area Profile // Urban Aspects Economic Aspects
Street-vendors
© Lisa Gaensbauer
Construction labor
© Lisa Gaensbauer
© Nada Jouni
©Ahmed Abayazeed
© Lisa Gaensbauer
Close by large market Video-game room
Small shops
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Handcrafts
Peeling vegetables
© Nada Jouni
© www.shutterstock.com
10
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
2. Area Profile // Inhabitants profile
Om Aya
Age ~35
Hamoksha
Age ~35
Om Abdou
Age ~60
Occupation Unemployed
Occupation Bucher Bread seller
Occupation Sewing
Income 200-300 EP subsistence
Income N.A.
Income 200-300 EP subsistence 5 EP / dress
Living Conditions Rented room in a shared apartment with shared toilet. No natural gas. Family Members 5 (4 daughters, go to school) Needs Natural gas. Lightening in the street. New apartment. Monthly money.
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Living Conditions Owned apartment (owner of the building) No natural gas. No stable occupation. Family Members 5 (2 daughters, one goes to school. 1 unemployed son) Needs Natural gas. Lightening in the street. Stable job. Monthly money.
Living Conditions Rented room in a shared apartment with shared toilet. No natural gas. Family Members 4 (1 divorced daughter, 2 grand-daughters) Needs Monthly money. Big business and workers.
11
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
2. Area Profile // Inhabitants profile
Abou Amira
Sayida Abd Alwaly Ibrahim
Age ~65
Occupation Former driver Shop for kids’ video games
Occupation Unemployed
Income 200-300 EP subsistence N.A. EP shop
Income 3000 E.P (husband’s income)
Afaf Kamel
Living Conditions Rented apartment No natural gas Family Members 6 (4 educated daughters; 2 married) Needs Leave the area Eliminating troubles and drug dealers Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Age ~30
Living Conditions Rented apartment No natural gas Family Members 6 (4 kids, go to school) Needs Natural gas Lightening in the street Clean neighbourhood Decrease in electricity bills and grocery costs
Age ~40
Occupation Unemployed divorced Income 200-300 EP subsistence
Living Conditions Rented room in a shared apartment with shared toilet No natural gas Sewage in the apartment Cracks in the walls Family Members 3 (2 sons; old unemployed, young goes to school) Needs New apartment/Moving Monthly money Decrease in electricity bills
12
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
2. Area Profile // Inhabitants profile
Osama
Age 15
Abbas Radwan
Age ~65
Occupation Secondary school student
Occupation Unemployed
Income No income
Income 200-300 EP subsistence Subsidised treatment by government
Living Conditions Owned apartment with his family Family Members 4 (father, mother, and sister) Needs Clean streets Eliminating drug dealers and gangs Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Living Conditions Owned apartment Suffers from kidney problems Undergoes regular treatment Family Members 2 (1 son)
Summary of problems No local leaders or community based organizations are existing on site. The number of people living in Ezbet Al Lamoon is relatively small. The unorganized community structure leaves the society weak against external influences The inhabitants are grateful for the donations they are getting.
The main problems: • • • • • •
lack of money no gas connection high electricity bills sewage in the house due to breaking pipes drug dealers and troublemakers unemployment
Needs Monthly money Eliminating troubles, fights and drug dealers 13
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions Description This is an overview of the stakeholders in Ezbet Al Lamoon. The active stakeholders in the area are charity organizations and a sport club. The most active stakeholders on site are Matareyya Sport Club and Al Sabeel Mosque. AYB, Resala, Al Shari’ya Society as well as the Municipality of Matareyya are external stakeholders influencing the site. Further General Organization of Physical Planning (GOPP), Youssef Kamal Palace and Meriam Tree Department are three potential stakeholders.
Meriam Tree Department
Matareyya Sport Club
Youssef Kamal Palace
GOPP
The Municipality
Al Sabeel Mosque
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Al Shari’ya Society
AYB - NGO
Resala - NGO
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
1
14
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions Stakeholder Al-Matareyya Club
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Providing sport and recrational activities
Ministry of Sport and Youth
Location
Veto Players
Active Stakeholders
Informants
Potential Stakeholders Interventions
Type: Active stakeholder. Starting year: 1970s Role and activities: Providing sport and recreational activities, as well as spaces for charity events. Organization: Ministry of Sport and Youth. Intervention: Different sport schools. Around 50 % of the children and youth joining the club are from Ezbet Al Lamoon. Daily ticket 5 LE Full membership for one family 8.000 LE
The main playground in the Matareyya club © Lisa Gaensbauer
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
15
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions Stakeholder Al Sabeel Mosque
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Place for prayer and charity activities
Ministry of Endownments
Location
Veto Players
Active Stakeholders
Informants
Potential Stakeholders Interventions
Type: Active stakeholder. Starting yea : 1976 Role and activities: Providing a place for prayers and organizing some charity activities for the area. Organization: Ministry of Endownments and Donations by the Al Shari’ya Society. Intervention: Providing food and some money for the poor people in the area. There were some trials to organize a literacy classes but it failed because only 3-4 people joined.
Al Sabeel Mosque © Lisa Gaensbauer
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
16
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions Stakeholder Resala NGO
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Providing food and clothes
Matariya Club
Location Veto Players
Active Stakeholders
Informants
Potential Stakeholders Interventions
Type : Active stakeholder Starting year : 1999 Role and activities : Organizing charity activities like providing food and clothes for people in need. Organization : Under the umbrella of Ministry of Social Affairs. Intervention : They provide food in Ramadan and distribute new clothes in the feasts. Therefore they cooperate with Matareyya club, which provides the space for the events.
Distributing clothes by Resala NGO Š Resala NGO
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
17
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions Stakeholder Alashanek Ya Balady
Literacy classes, courses and small loans
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Location
Veto Players
Active Stakeholders
Informants
Potential Stakeholders Interventions
Type : Active stakeholder Starting year : 2002 Role and activities : Organizing literacy classes, behaviour and educational courses, as well as providing loans for small businesses. Depend on donations from huge organization and apply financial sustainabile strategies. Organization :Under the umbrella of Ministry of Social Affairs. Intervention: Some people started their own business (eg. small shops) and around 100 children benefited from the courses so far.
Giving loans for small businesses Š AYB NGO
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
18
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions Stakeholder General Organization for Physical Planning - GOPP
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Report on Matarayia District 2006
Ministry of Housing
X
Location
Veto Players
Active Stakeholders
Informants
Potential Stakeholders Interventions
Type : Active stakeholder Starting year: 1973 Role and activities: Setting the main urban policies and preparing the urban development plans in Egypt. Organization: Under the umbrella of the Ministry of Housing. Intervention: Producing a report about the detailed plan of Matareyya District in 2006.
Ezbet Al Lamoon Sample-blocks and land plots in their future situation by GOPP Report Š GOPP 2006 Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
19
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions Stakeholder MeriamTree Department
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Ministry of Antiquities
Location
Veto Players
Active Stakeholders
Informants
Potential Stakeholders Interventions
Type : Potential stakeholder Starting year : 2-10 AC Role and activities: Conserving the tree area, as it is considered as an attraction point for the Christians in religious events. Organization: Belongs to the Ministry of Antiquities. Intervention: None
Meriam Tree Š Ahmed Abayazeed
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
20
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions Stakeholder The Municipality
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Cairo Governerate
Providing services and infrastructure
Location
Veto Players
Active Stakeholders
Informants
Potential Stakeholders Interventions
Type: Potential stakeholder Starting year: Splitted from West-Cairo Municipality in 1991 Role and activities: Providing the district with services and infrastructure; putting and applying the building regulations within the district. Organization: Cairo Governerate Intervention: Installation of infrastructure network, (water, sewage and electricity) except of gas connection. 40s: Sewage system by British camps 60s: Electricity and water-networks by the municipality
A sewage system cover Š Lisa Gaensbauer
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
21
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions Stakeholder Youssef Kamal Palace
Ezbet Al Lamoon
Ministry of Culture
Location
Veto Players
Active Stakeholders
Informants
Potential Stakeholders Interventions
Type: Potential stakeholder Starting year: Converted into a museum in 1996 Role and activities: A museum, containing the Prince Waheed Al-Deen Saleem’s belongings. Organization: Ministry of Culture Intervention: None
Youssef kamal Place © www.faroukmisr.net
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
22
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions Stakeholder Interrelation and Organization Cairo Governerate
Ministry of Antiquities
Matareyya Sport Club
GOPP
The Municipality
Meriam tree deaprtment
Endowments Minstry
Sup
ervi
Youssef Kamal Palace
Supervision
sion
Minstry of Culture
lin ks
ks
X o
ns nat io
Reaching people in need
Reaching people in need
Some of the richer people in the area give donations for the poor
Pe Information source (eg. Om Aya)
ICS
Al Shari’ya Society
Do
ort
s kid , s r e fo ss cla urses y o ac ter and c i l AYB - NGO ing oans z i an gl org vidin pro N
na
tio
ea
cr
re
Resala-NGO
X No l in
d
an
rep the ut abo ge led now ation gk p kin tici es Lac par iti o iv /N ct la
rt
po
gs
in
id
ov
X
Providing Infrastructure
The housing minister
Pr
Ministry of Sport and Youth
The inhabitants
Hag Mohammad (information source)
rs
on
al
Al Sabeel Mosque
do
na
tio
ns
Ahmad Abayazed - Lisa Gaensbauer - Nada Jouni Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
23
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
3. Mapping Interventions
Inhabitants perceptions and feedback
Interventions
Stakeholders
Impact and Feedback the Inhabitants Inhabitants Perceptionsby & Feedback
Matareyya Sport Club
GOPP
The Municipality
Meriam Tree department
Sport Activities
GOPP Report
Services & Infrastructure
Cultural & Religious Coservation
In need / participation
Lacking knowledge / no participation
Missing links / Proud
Gas pipes to be connected / Sewage system to be fixed in some places/ Electricity became so expensive / Problems in Garbage collection
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Youssef Kamal Palace
Resala-NGO
AYB - NGO
Cultural Coservation
Money Food & Clothes
Classes & Courses
Missing links
In need / grateful
In need / participation
Al Sabeel Mosque
Al Shari’ya Society
Money & Food
In need / grateful
24
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
4. Discussion
The housing minister
Cairo Governerate
Ministry of Antiquities
Matareyya Sport Club
GOPP
The Municipality
Meriam tree deaprtment
Endowments Minstry
Sup
ervi
Youssef Kamal Palace
Supervision
sion
Minstry of Culture
X ks
inks
lin
o
s ion nat
Reaching people in need
Reaching people in need
Some of the richer people in the area give donations for the poor
Pe Information source (eg. Om Aya)
Al Shari’ya Society
Do
ort
s kid , ses s for s a cl urse o acy ter and c i l AYB - NGO g s n n i niz g loa a g or vidin pro N
tio
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
ea
ICS
cr
re
Community The small size and lack of community structure leaves it in a weak possition. In case of problems and pressures from outside the inhabitants are negleted and weak. Furthermore, there is no overview of organizations and possibilities existing within the community.
Resala-NGO
X No l
d
an
Potential Stakeholders Meriam Tree Department and the Youssef Kamal Palace are two potential stakeholders, which are not active within the community.
X
rep the ut abo ge led now ion t a gk p kin tici es Lac par iti o iv /N ct la na
rt
po
gs
in
id
ov
Pr
Active Stakeholers Three charity organizations are supplying and working in the area. They offer food, clothes, money and some cultural and language classes. There is no empowerment that is taking place moreover their capacity is limited, in terms of space likewise the money. Furthermore, they are not interlinked with each other and are not monitoring their actions.
Ministry of Sport and Youth
Providing Infrastructure
GOPP Report Was conducted in 2006. Whilst neglecting some serious conditions in the area no action was taken after the report was finished.
The inhabitants
Hag Mohammad (information source)
rs
on
al
Al Sabeel Mosque
do
na
tio
ns
Ahmad Abayazed - Lisa Gaensbauer - Nada Jouni
25
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
4. Recommendations
Community Mobilize the community. Form a Community Based Organization (CBO). A CBO could work as mediator between the NGOs and the government.
Ministry of
The housing minister
Cairo Governerate
Sport and Youth
Ministry of Antiquities
Minstry of Culture
Endowments Minstry
GOPP Report New report should consider the inhabitants and they should participate in the report. Active Stakeholders Interlink the three major charity organizations and set-up monitoring. Potential Stakeholders Activate the potential stakeholders and mobilize them to get involved in the area.
INTERLINK
Informant (e.g. Om Aya)
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
MOBILIZE CBO
The inhabitants
Hag Mohammad (informant)
26
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet Al Lamoon
We need you!
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
27