MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
The Integrated Case Study Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt Process & Roles “Ezbet El-Nasr” Cairo - Egypt 2014/2015
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Disclaimer ‘The Integrated Case Study - Informal Areas' Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles’ is produced as a part of the Integrated Case Study (ICS) module.
© IUSD Masters Program, 2014 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of IUSD-ASU, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. All rights reserved The ICS and associated publications would not have been possible without the support of variety of donors and partners organizations, which are thanked collectively as follows: IUSD is funded by DAAD, BMZ, BMF, MoHE The ICS 2014/2015 is generously supported by the MOURIS The ICS 2014/2015 is held at Ain Shams University - Egypt Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation
Ministry of Higher Education
Contacts: MSc Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design www.iusd.uni-stuttgart.de Ain Shams University
Faculty of Engineering El Sarayat street 1, Abbassia, Cairo-Egypt Fax: 0020222728225 Email: iusd@eng.asu.edu.eg
“Ezbet el-Nasr” Team Razan Alshadfan Mennatullah Hendawy Gregor Schopf
Ain Shams Teaching Staff Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen Assistant Prof. Marwa Abd Al Latif Dr. Hassan ElMouelhi Ain Shams Assisting Team Eng. Aya El-Wagieh Eng. Mohammed Alfiky Achnowledgement We would like to achnowledge the input of: Mr. Khalil Shaat; Mr. Mohamed Abou Samra; Mr. Yahia Shawkat; Ms. Nagwa Raouf; Dr. Raghda El-Ibrashy and Dr. Sherif Algohary
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Methodology
+
+ Informal Interviews
Research & Literature Review
Alone + Yasser (an Active Residents)
Residents
Academic Material (IUSD & UniStuttgart Diploma)
With UUU Representative
UUU Employees
PNA (Participatory Needs Asessment done in the PDP by the GIZ)
Observation & Impressions
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Inerpretations & Evaluation
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
General Information Ezbet El-Nasr overview
Ezbet El Nasr‘s development started around fourty years ago, when the rural migration into the outer areas of the city from Upper Egypt pushed back the Jewish cemetery. Slowly, the basic urban services were provided - however, the basic needs were hardly satisfied, which gave a strong need for interventions of different kind, tackled by different actors.
Typologies of informal areas in Cairo in 2000 (Sims, 2003).
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Location of Ezbet El Nasr in Cairo (Source:Ina Kletterer, Christina Schade, 2011)
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
General Information Ezbet El-Nasr overview
Sourrounded by the remaining cemetery in the west, the ring road in the South, the Autostrad in the East and the stone carving workshops and slaughter house in the North, the area of 50 hectars inhabits around 70.000 people today. Ezbet El-Nasr’s people work in stone carving, private grocery shops or car-repair-shops and run little services like barbershops. 2014
Rural Migration (Source: Ina Ketterer, Christina Schade, 2011)
Ezbet El-Nasr (Source: Author, 2014)
Ezbet El Nasr (Source: http://egypt-urban.net/, 2014) Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
General Information Ezbet El-Nasr overview
Jewish Cemetory in Ezbet El Nasr (Source: Author, 2014)
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Characteristics
Architectural Appearance and Economical Activities Ezbet El Nasr’s density in terms of population and built structure is very high - more than 1.200 person / km², are living mainly in narrow streets. Economic activities adapt to the physical structure - car-repair-shops are located on the borders, since entering with car is impossible.
Stone carving workshops on the norther edge (Source: Author, 2014)
Private grocery or barber shops are found inside Ezbet El-Nasr, directly linked to the dense neighbourhood. Small business - hair dresser (Source: Author, 2014)
Economic activities in Ezbet El Nasr: Workshops inside the area. (Source: Ina Ketterer, Christina Schade, 2011)
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
, mostly on the edges / Grocery shops
, mostly
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Characteristics
Architectural Appearance and Economical Activities - Public spaces are rare, but gathering spots are created in the whole area. - Greenery appears occasional within the streets, that are often dark, narrow and polluted.
Basar (Source: Ina Ketterer, Christina Schade, 2011)
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Empty Plots
Open Space
Greenery
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development Interventions
Children in Ezbet El-Nasr (Source: Author, 2014)
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Poor Education System
Lack of activities center & High crime rate
No nearby Market
High dropout rate
INTERVENTION
Big Scale Market
Beneficiaries
ACTORS
Initiator & Funding Body
Amarket which provides the area with food, vegetables and bread
Ministry of State For Environmental Affairs
Community Residents
School Compound
Elementary and preperatory public schools compound founded in 2000
Ministry of Education
Nursery
Anursery for the children in the area
CDA Sharq El Basateen
Illiteracy Classes
Classes for adults who can read or write
CDA Sharq El Basateen
Lack of awareness
One class school for drop-outs
Tution Classes
parallel classes for students who drop-out
Parallel classes to support the students in their studies
CDA Sharq El Basateen
Alwed alakhawi
Community Residents (Children)
Community Residents (Illiterate adults)
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Community Residents (Drop-Out Students)
Sport and Culture centre
HSBC
Facebook Group
Facebook group to faciitate communication between the youth of the area
Youth
Youth and Sport Department
AL-Yarmook NGO Community Residents (Students)
Youth Centre
Community Residents (School Students)
Community Residents (Youth)
Area Identity
traffic signs to identify the community as Ezbet El-Nasr
Ezbet El-Nasr Youth Network The District authority
Community Residents (Youth)
Community Residents
INFRASTRUCTURE
environmental initiatives, street cleaning, and political awareness initiatives
A youth committee and Shabab Ezbet ElNasr coalition Community Residents (Youth)
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HEALTH
Institutional Interventions
PDP
Lack or poor services Deteriorated Infrastructure
Sewage wells
Awareness Initiatives
Sewage network for houses
Beneficiaries
Unemployment
PREVIOUS SECTOR PROBLEMS
YOUTH & CULTURE
INTERVENTION
EDUCATION
Initiator & Funding Body
ECONOMY
ACTORS
PREVIOUS SECTOR PROBLEMS
Interventions
CDA Sharq El Basateen Plan International Organisation Community Residents
Garbage Collection Unit
Recyclying unit
Electricity
Providing electricity network
Department of Cleaning and Beautification of Cairo
Ministry of Electricity and Energy
Community Residents
Community Residents
Spread of some diseases
Trash Becomes Cash
Producing gas from the waste produced in the area
IUSD
Centre for Vacination
Vacination centre
Ministry of Health
Future Governemental plans
Pharmacies
According to the PDP the governement is planning to suport with Major structures
Private pharmacies in different locations in the area
Governement
Private owners
Development of informal areas in Greater Cairo by introducing, supporting & implementing participatory methodologies for urban upgrading
Collaboration between
One Day Hospital
Egyptian Ministry of Plannig
GIZ
Financed by
Three private clinics, and one One day Hospital
B.&M. Gates
BMZ
EU
PDP asked the Centre for Development Services to conduct
PNA
Participatory Needs Assessment
Private owner
Brings local stakeholders together Facilitates a process of discussion of needs & challenges in their community Access the capacity & recources of the community
Community Residents
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Community Residents
Community Residents
Community Residents
Community Residents (Those with Insurance deposit)
Provide action plans & community empowerment Conducted By
UUU Urban Upgrading Unit in Hay elBasateen
District Administrations
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development Interventions
ECONOMY Unemployment No nearby Market Big Scale Market
Amarket which provides the area with food, vegetables and bread
Ministry of State For Environmental Affairs Community Residents
SECTOR
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
INTERVENTION
DESCRIPTION
ACTORS Initiator & Funding Body
after 2010
Beneficiaries
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions
EDUCATION Poor Education System High dropout rate
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
School Compound
Elementary and preperatory public schools compound done in 2000 Ministry of Education after 2000 Community Residents (Students)
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions
EDUCATION Poor Education System High dropout rate
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
Nursery
Anursery for the children in the area
CDA Sharq El Basateen AL-Yarmook NGO Community Residents (Children)
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions
EDUCATION Poor Education System High dropout rate
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
Illiteracy Classes
Classes for adults who can read or write
CDA Sharq El Basateen
Community Residents (Illiterate adults)
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions
EDUCATION Poor Education System High dropout rate
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
One class school for drop-outs parallel classes for students who drop-out
CDA Sharq El Basateen
Community Residents (Drop-Out Students)
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions
EDUCATION Poor Education System High dropout rate
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
Tution Classes
Parallel classes to support the students in their studies
Alwed alakhawi
Community Residents (School Students)
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions
EDUCATION Poor Education System High dropout rate
INTERVENTION
Youth Centre
Sport and Culture centre
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
HSBC Youth and Sport Department
after 2010
Community Residents (Youth)
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development Interventions
The Youth Center (Left side) (Source: Author, 2014)
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions YOUTH & CULTURE Lack of activities center & High crime rate
Lack of awareness
INTERVENTION
Facebook Group
Facebook group to faciitate communication between the youth of the area
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
Youth
after 2010 Community Residents (Youth)
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions YOUTH & CULTURE Lack of activities center & High crime rate
Lack of awareness
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
Area Identity
traffic signs to identify the community as Ezbet Alnasr
Ezbet ElNasr Youth Network The District authority
after 2012
Community Residents
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development Interventions
Naming Process finished (Source: http://egypt-urban. net/ezbet-el-nasr-youth-network-mark-their-area/) Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions YOUTH & CULTURE Lack of activities center & High crime rate
Lack of awareness
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
Awareness Initiatives
environmental initiatives, street cleaning, and political awareness initiatives A youth committee and Shabab Ezbet El-Nasr coalition
after 2010
Community Residents (Youth)
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions INFRASTRUCTURE Lack or poor services Deteriorated Infrastructure
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
Sewage wells
Sewage network for houses
CDA Sharq El Basateen Plan International Organisation
before 2010
Community Residents
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions INFRASTRUCTURE Lack or poor services Deteriorated Infrastructure
Garbage Collection Unit
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
Recyclying unit
Department of Cleaning and Beautification of Cairo
after 2010
Community Residents
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions INFRASTRUCTURE Lack or poor services Deteriorated Infrastructure
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
Electricity
Providing electricity network
Ministry of Electricity and Energy before 2010 Community Residents
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions INFRASTRUCTURE Lack or poor services Deteriorated Infrastructure
INTERVENTION
Trash Becomes Cash Producing gas from the waste produced in the area
ACTORS Beneficiaries
Initiator & Funding Body
IUSD
after 2010 Community Residents
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions HEALTH
Spread of diseases
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
Centre for Vacination
Vacination centre
Ministry of Health before 2010
ACTORS
Community Residents
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development
PREVIOUS PROBLEMS
SECTOR
Interventions HEALTH
Spread of diseases
Initiator & Funding Body
INTERVENTION
Future Governemental plans According to the PDP the governement is planning to suport with Major structures Governement
ACTORS
Community Residents
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development Interventions HEALTH
Spread of diseases Pharmacies
Private pharmacies in different locations in the area
Private owners
Community Residents
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Community Development Interventions HEALTH
Spread of diseases One Day Hospital
Three private clinics, and one One day Hospital
Private owner
Community Residents (Those with Insurance deposit)
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Actors’ Relations
GIZ
Ezbet El-Nasr
Cleaning Department
Community Youth
ACTORS Governement NGOs Private Sector Experts and Academics Community
Youth Network
Local District
Ministry of Youth & Sports
MOURIS
*
Ministry
HSBC
*
Potential stakeholder Initiator
Beneficiaries Related
IUSD
Conflict
Community Youth
Ministry of Elec. & Ener-
Ministry of
Private Owners
Ministry of Infra. Ministry of
CDA
Ministry of
Al Yarmooq UUU
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Plan International Organisation
AlWed Alakhawy
INTERVENTIONS FB Page Area Identification Youth Centre Eectricity Pharmacies and Private Hospitals Illiteracy Classes Class for drop-outs Sewage wells Nursery Tution Classes School compound Vaccination Centre Future Plans for public Hospital Trash Becomes Cash Big Scale MARKET Basic services Inistitutional Interventions PDP Garbage Unit 33
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Effect after Interventions Remaining Problems
Youth Centre
Trash Becomes Cash
Electricity
One Day Hospital
Garbage Collection Unit
No subsidised gas Abondoned due to point available in hiring employees the area which from outside the area leads to more and not showing up financial burdens
Abondoned
Big Scale Market
Sewage wells
Abondoned due to Uncompleted due high prices to money shortage
Illiteracy Classes
School Compound
Residents don‘t know about it
No preparatory or secondary schools for gilrs
Youth drug addiction Unemployment Skills not enough for market demand
Parents fear for their girls to go out
Higher crime rate
Lack of security No police station
Financial burden
Poor education
An hour away Gov. hospital
Highly densed classes
Residents take transpotation from autostrad road Lack of quality teachers
Lack of transportation
Expensive one day hospital
Bus station was removed
Cars can‘t enter
Lack of hospitals
Accumulation of garbage
Unpaved street
No Street lighting
No response from district - Officials neglect Ezbet el-Nasr Based on PNA Report, PDP,2013
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
ECONOMY
EDUCATION
YOUTH & CULTURE
INFRASTRUCTURE
Unemployment
Poor Education System
Lack of activities center & High crime rate
Lack or poor services
No nearby Market
High dropout rate
HEALTH
Deteriorated Infrastructure
Lack of awareness
Spread of some diseases
School Compound
Illiteracy Classes
Youth Centre
Area Identity
Sewage wells
Garbage Collection Unit
Electricity
Trash Becomes Cash
One Day Hospital
A new market with similar prices to Basateen District
Establish a preparatory & secondary school for girls
Provide illitercay classes
Establish a vocational training centre
-Create recreational open spaces -Establish a nearby police station & pave the streets
Improve the sewege system
Clean the street & provide a garbage collecting system
Improve street lighting
Provide the area with a close subsidized gas distributor
Built a public hospital in the area
During our site visits, we noticed that most poeple claimed that the revolution affected them negatively. Eventhough, we noticed that most of the intervention in Ezbet El-Nasr took place after the revolution.
Residents‘ Wishes
Big Scale Market
Illiteracy classes exist but people don‘t know about them
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Contradictions in people‘s wishes
Contradictions in people‘s wishes
Residents‘ Wishes
Community’s Response
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Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Intervention Evaluation Sector Power
Actor
Experts
IUSD
Community
Private Owners
NGO‘s & CBO‘s
Egyptian Government & International Governments
Impact of Intervention 0
1
2 Bio-gas Project
Youth HSBC Private Owner Private Owner
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Facebook Group Youth Center Pharmacies One-day Hospital
CDA CDA CDA CDA Al Wed el-Akhawy Al-Yarmouk Plan International Ministry of Electricity Ministry of Education Ministry of Health Ministry of Environmental Affairs Ministry of Cleanining & Beautification of Cairo Ministry of Sports & Youth Ministry of Planning District UUU / GIZ
3
Nursery Illiteracy Classes One Class School for Drop-outs Sewege System Tuition Classes Nursery Sewege System Electricity Meters Schools‘ Complex Vaccination Center Big Scale Market Garbage Recycling Unit Youth Center
Changing the Name of the Area to Ezbet El-Nasr Institutional Interventions
37
ECONOMY
Marble, mechamics, copper, tennery, stone workshops Mini markets Unused big scale market
Informal Skills Training in Rural Areas of Kyrgyzstan
Ezbet El-Nasr
EDUCATION
School compound Mosques Ongoing classes
YOUTH & CULTURE
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
INFRASTRUCTURE
Unused youth centre Coordinator of Shabab Ezbet El-Nasr coalition Head of Yarmouk charitable association Lawyer and member of Shabab Ezbet El-Nasr coalition Head of CDA Sharq el-Basateen
Institutional Interventions
HEALTH
Unused land next to youth centre Unused garbage collection unit Undeveloped sewage system
A peice of land donated by the residents as a hospital
UUU
NGO‘s & CDA’s initiatives
The PATENT Project – Poverty Alleviation Through Education and Non-formal Training in Tajikistan
- Reactivate the big - Promote vocational trainings - Capacity building of the NGOs Scale market with similar prices to Basateen district - Promote micro finance projects
Employment creation through participatory urban planning and slum upgrading: The case of Kitale, Kenya
- Create a collaboration between all the available NGOs - Activate inactive NGOs - Activate the available youth center
BENEFICIARIES
RECOMMENDATIONS
INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICES
ASSETS IN THE AREA
SECTOR
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Community-based sanitation initiative in a South African township
38
Live-in slums and Schaduf projects Vegetation and gardenning in informal settlements of Cairo and Italy
- Develop existing deteriorated structures (sewage system - Promote Healthy livelihoods (e.g. Urban gardening) and street lighting) - Promote and facilitate good nutrition and physical activity - Provide needed services like the police station - Promote the importance of community participation in the delivery of basic services
Soft Intervention Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Healthy by Design, Melbourne, Australia: An innovative planning tool for the development of safe, accessible and attractive environments
Physical Intervention
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Government
Private Sector
NGOs
Participatory Budgeting Port Alegre, Brazil
- Train people from the area to manage available facilities to solve the unemplyment problem - Activate the UUU as a connector - Promote Community Ownership
Comunity 39
Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
SECTORS INNTERRALTION Need Holistic development
EDUCATION
ECONOMY
INFRASTRUCTURE
YOUTH & CULTURE
HEALTH
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
Institutional Interventions
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Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles
Ezbet El-Nasr
Thank you very much and good bye
Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I
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