Ics2014 istabl antar presentation revised by IUSD-CAIRO

MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)

The Integrated Case Study Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt Process & Roles “Istabl Antar” Cairo - Egypt 2014/2015

MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)

Disclaimer ‘The Integrated Case Study - Informal Areas' Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles’ is produced as a part of the Integrated Case Study (ICS) module.

© IUSD Masters Program, 2014 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form of by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of IUSD-ASU, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. All rights reserved The ICS and associated publications would not have been possible without the support of variety of donors and partners organizations, which are thanked collectively as follows: IUSD is funded by DAAD, BMZ, BMF, MoHE The ICS 2014/2015 is generously supported by the MOURIS The ICS 2014/2015 is held at Ain Shams University - Egypt Federal Ministry of Education

Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation

Ministry of Higher Education

Contacts: MSc Integrated Urbanism and Sustainable Design www.iusd.uni-stuttgart.de Ain Shams University

Faculty of Engineering El Sarayat street 1, Abbassia, Cairo-Egypt Fax: 0020222728225 Email: iusd@eng.asu.edu.eg

“Istabl Antar” Team Maroua Ennouri Mohammed Fawzi Ragheb Stefanie Wladika Tayssir Khairy

Ain Shams Teaching Staff Prof. Dr. Mohamed Salheen Assistant Prof. Marwa Abd Al Latif Dr. Hassan ElMouelhi Ain Shams Assisting Team Eng. Aya El-Wagieh Eng. Mohammed Alfiky Achnowledgement We would like to achnowledge the input of: Mr. Khalil Shaat; Mr. Mohamed Abou Samra; Mr. Yahia Shawkat; Ms. Nagwa Raouf; Dr. Raghda El-Ibrashy and Dr. Sherif Algohary

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

1 Introduction and Methodology

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

1 Introduction and Methodology net based research on the situation and what was already published about informal settlements subject in Cairo. The second phase was site visits where we had the chance to meet the inhabitant of Istabl Antar and to get in touch with the different NGOs working in the area. The purpose of the third part was to get a deeper look through conducting informal and unstructured interviews. Furthermore, we concluded our strategy by focusing on the academical knowledge available about Our strategy in order to grasp the comple- our specific area. xity of the area was divided into four parts. The first part was a preparatory phase where we tried to have an overview through interInformality was and still be one of the major characteristics of the urban development of many Egyptian cities and especially Cairo, where the poorer layer of the Cairene society lives in more than 78 slum areas (Manal Abu Ela, 2003:7). One of the examples is Istabl Antar, an informal settlement categorized as an unsafe area ‘type 1’ and hosting thousands of people under harsh and miserable conditions.

Overview

Independent Site Visit

Phase I

Phase II

Local Initiatives

Informal Interviews Phase III

Istabl Antar (Source: Author)

Academic Research

Evaluation Phase IV

Methodology ( Source: Author) Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

2 Profiling of the Area

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

2.1 Location

Ezbet Khairallah is the bigger context of Istabl Antar that is divided between two main destricts of Cairo Gouvernerate. The first part which forms the biggest area in the North belongs to Masr El Qadima district, while the other part located in the South East belongs to El Basateen destrict. Istabl Antar area is located in Zahraa Masr El Qadima district, on El Mokattam mountain bounded by the ring road from the North and with the edge of the mountain form the South.

Masr El Qadima Destrict

Ezbet Khairallah

EL Basateen Destrict

Istabl Antar

Daar El Salam Istable Antar location in Cairo (Source: Google Earth)

Map of the location of Istabl Antar and the connectivity (Source: Author - based on Google Earth)

Stairs connection to the ring road Tunnels going under the ring road Stairs inside the area The ring road

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I-Presentation I 16-10-2014

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I-Presentation I 16-10-2014 00

2010-2012: infrastructure implementation in the area (water, sewage and electricity)

2008: the Dowayqa rockslide: the evacuation of the cliff area

late 1990â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s: the construction of the ring road

1992: the earthquake: an increase in the density of the area

1985: the beginning of the French archaeological institute excavation of the historical site of istabl antar

price-per-meter

2013: determination of the

ernor for not implementing the previous verdict.

2012: accusation of the gov-

verdict in favor of the residents

2011: first landownership

1999: peolpe of the ezba are allowed to own the land (the Supreme Administrative Court)

1993: verdict refusing allowing people to own the land

1982: demolition of the trespassing on stateowned land in Izbet kheirallah area. 1984: the first lawsuit to overturn the demilition decree with a verdict in the favor of the ezba residents 1986: another lawsuit in order to list the possibility to sell the land to the residents

Allocation of the land by the MCDR

the ring road and the accessibility of the aorea led to an increase in the prices besides the relocation of the people that use to live in the ring road location

Introduction of basic infrastructure through community effort informaly)

People in the area are gradually increasing in parallel with the increasing effort to prohibit the demolition of the buildings

1975-1980: People from Upper Egypt and rural areas started envading the vacant land and building fragile houses.

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

2.2 History

Istabl Antar

To be Continued

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

2.3 Urban Aspects

2.3.1

Physical Aspects

Al-Muqattam Hill • type of rock in the area -- limestone with deposits of shale -- susceptible to erosion by water, swelling the shale, caves form in the limestone 20m

• hight difference -- 20m

20m

Schematic section 1 and 2 (Source: Author)

1 Istabl Antar ( Source: Google Earth)

Rock Area in Istabl Antar ( Source: Author)

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

VSDFH QXPEHU WKDW Z VSDFHV Istabl Antar ZLQGR WKDW ZR WKH UR ZLQGRZ RI OHD WKH URRI RI PRGHV OHDUQ ZRXOG PRGHV HUYRLU ZRXOG F EDVHG HUYRLU R FRQWULEV EDVHG FRQWULEX

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

2.3 Urban Aspects 2.3.1

Physical Aspects

Building Conditions • very poor -> advanced Building Hights • Shack 1-2 floor • Family Houses 2-4 floors • Multi-Story Houses 5-12 floors

Building Materials • walls wood / broken bricks • structure - wood / reinforced-concrete • ceilings - locally available materials (boards/aluminum sheets) /

Growing informal unit (Source: Elgendy, 202)

)LJXUH 7KH ,QIRUPDO XQLW DV D 3L[HO WKDW JURZV &RXUWHV\ RI 3LHU 3DROR 7DPEXUHOOL )LJXUH 7KH ,QIRUPDO XQLW DV D 3L[HO WKDW JURZV &RXUWHV\ RI 3LHU 3DROR 7DPEXUHOOL

Building Types / Hights: Shacks (1 floor) / Residential Houses (2-4 floors) / Multi-Story Houses ( 5-12 floors) ( Source: Author) Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

2.3 Urban Aspects 2.3.2

Socio-cultural Aspects

Background • poor migrants from Upper Egypt and Delta cities • connections to people in the area (relatives) + cheap area to settle Public Space • playground / soccer place as main public area • streets are used as public gathering

areas/ main meeting place • trees planted for shading by inhabitants Cultural/Religious Centre • Istabl Antar archaeological site (excravations dated back until 20 H/642 AD) • different religious groups interacting with each other

Local Activities • lack of social / cultural / human activities/ facilities / services • One-Class-School (primary school + training school) • Familiy Centre (women education + training / kids recreation centre + training)

Available jobs in the area ( Source: Author) Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

2.3 Urban Aspects 2.3.3

Landownership

Economical Aspects

• High unemployment rate • Available jobs: day labour carpenters construction worker garbage / material collector / sorter selling goods (food / kiosks) services drug dealing

• Women contribute financially by working from home / local workshops • Kids work in the business of their parents/ families or working in the One-Class School - supporting their families financially

• State-owned land - allocated to Maadi Company • Informal Area is acknowledged nowadays by the state

Available jobs in the area ( Source: Author) Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

3 Mapping Community Development Interventions in the Area

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

1 8

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

2013

2014 collective games sessions for kids to enhance the acceptance and tolerance spirit

2012 Introducing potable water to the area with the approval of the government

Waste management project through the cleaning of an 18 years old dumpsite

2011 playground for the kids of the area

2009

2007

a training about packeging in collaboration with the Rabwa association

????

2015

2013 a project for amelioration the mobility inside the area by building stairs

a sewing atelier in collaboration with Nahdet kheirallah association

????

2012 Training for men : construction and finishing

2011-12 Lighting project for the streets of istabl antar

2010

2008 Movement and conferences against Child labor

3.1.1 2006 Istabl Antar Dream initiative: one class school

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

3.1 Description

Istabl Antar

Locations of Interventions

To be Continued

4 10

5 7 2 6

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

3.1 Description 3.1.2

Scope and Scale of Interventions PHYSICAL INTERVENTION Electricity

Swedgae

Water supplies

Stairs

Green areas

Playgrounds

Waste management

Streets& Tunnels lighting

Actors

-“Roqey” NGO - Plan International

-Elnoor (CBO) -Alkhabar Alsar(NGO) -GTZ -Local Municiplaity -Housing ministry

-Elnoor (CBO) -Government (Local Municiplaity)

-Un Habitat -Local Municiplaity

-Elnoor (CBO) -Local Municiplaity -Plan International

-Elnoor (CBO) -Local Municiplaity -Plan International -Rooh elshabab(NGO)

-Elnoor (CBO) -Local Municiplaity -Elkhabar Elsar(NGO)

Funding agencies

- Plan International

- Egyptian Government

- Egyptian Government -Elnoor (NGO)

- Egyptian Government

- Plan International

- GIZ- International Organisation

scope of work

Place of intervention

Used approach Bottom Up Top Down

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

3.1 Description 3.1.2

Scope and Scale of Interventions HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Anti children labour

scope of work

Woman Training(Small bussiness)

Accepting others

Woman worshop (Small bussiness)

One class school

Carpet Worshop

Vocational training Awarness programme

Actors

--Elnoor NGO - Plan(International ORG)

-Elnoor (CBO) -Nahdah(NGO) -Rabwa -Local Municiplaity -Roqey(NGO)

-Anba Mousa(CBO) -Catholic Church -Aspire-International organisation

-Sohbet Khir-(NGO) -Local Municiplaity -Private sector

-Sohbet Khir(NGO) -Local Municiplaity - Private sector -Ministry of Education

-Sohbet Khir(NGO) -Local Municiplaity - Private sector(Factory, cotton)

-Sohbet Khir(NGO) -Sohbet Khir(NGO) -Local Municiplaity -Local trainners - Private sector - Private sector

Funding agencies

- Plan International

- Aspire-International organisation

- Ghada Gabr(Donations)

- Ghada Gabr(Dona- - Ghada Gabr(Donations) tions)

Place of intervention

Used approach Bottom Up Top Down

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

3.2 Stakeholder Analysis 3.2.1

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

Identification and Profiling of Stakeholders Anba Mousa Abo Sifin

Al Noor

AlMawred

authorization

SODIC

HSBC bank

Rouh el shabab

Ghada Gabr

ISDF

Al rabwa

UN Habitat

AMNESTY International

Khir w Baraka

GOPP Ministry of Housing

Sohbet Khair

Ministry of Local Development

Al Rooki Nahdet Khairallah

GIZ PLAN International

Al khabar el saar

Afak

Ministry of Antiquities

riz

h ut

io at

Ministry of Education

USAID

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I-Presentation 22-10-2014

Cooperation

17 3

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

3.2 Stakeholder Analysis 3.2.2

Mapping Stakeholders GIZ

n bli

USAID

UN Habitat

Maadi Company

GOP

AMNESTY International

Plan International

O ho ras us co in m g

SODIC

Ministry of Education

Cairo Gouvernorate

Ministry of Informal settlement

Gh Ga ada br

Afak

Khir w Baraka

Food Bank

SOHBET KHIR Al rabwa Al Rooki

Secondary stakeholders

Primary stakeholders

Nahdet Khairallah

A Ch bu ur Sifi ch n

AL KHABAR SAAR

Ministry of Electricity and Energy Ministry of Antiquities and heritage

sa Mous Anba h Churc

Ministry of Social solidarity

AL NOOR Tawasol for Developing Istabl Antar

Mawred

TOT

Rouh el shabab

Ministry of Housing, Utilities and Urban communities

ISDF

the local municipality of Misr el Qadima

Al anba Moussa

The French archeological institute

Key stakeholders

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

3.3 Impact of Interventions PHYSICAL INTERVENTION Electricity

Swedgae

Water supplies

Stairs

Green areas

Playgrounds

Waste management

Streets& Tunnels lighting

Actors

-“Roqey” NGO - Plan(International ORG)

-Elnoor (CBO) -Alkhabar Alsar(NGO) -GTZ -Local Municiplaity -Housing ministry

-Elnoor (CBO) -Government (Local Municiplaity)

-Un Habitat -Local Municiplaity

-Elnoor (CBO) -Local Municiplaity -Plan International

-Elnoor (CBO) -Local Municiplaity -Plan International -Rooh elshabab(NGO)

-Elnoor (CBO) -Local Municiplaity -Elkhabar Elsar(NGO)

Funding agencies

- Plan(International ORG)

- Egyptian Government

- Egyptian Government -Elnoor (NGO)

- Egyptian Government

- PLAN-International organisation

- GIZ- International Organisation

scope of work

Place of intervention

Used approach Bottom Up Top Down Impact of internvention -Political -Social & Cultural -Enviornmental -Economical High Medium Low

Medium

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Medium

low

Medium

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

3.3 Impact of Interventions HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Anti children labour scope of work

Actors

Funding agencies

Woman Training(Small bussiness)

Accepting others

Woman worshop (Small bussiness)

One class school

Carpet Worshop

Vocational training Awarness programme

--Elnoor NGO - Plan(International ORG)

-Elnoor (CBO) -Nahdah(NGO) -Rabwa -Local Municiplaity -Roqey(NGO)

-Anba Mousa(CBO) -Catholic Church -Aspire-International organisation

-Sohbet Khir-(NGO) -Local Municiplaity -Private sector

-Sohbet Khir(NGO) -Local Municiplaity - Private sector -Ministry of Education

-Sohbet Khir(NGO) -Local Municiplaity - Private sector(Factory, cotton)

-Sohbet Khir(NGO) -Sohbet Khir(NGO) -Local Municiplaity -Local trainners - Private sector - Private sector

- Plan(International ORG)

- Aspire-International organisation

- Ghada Gabr(Donations)

- Ghada Gabr(Dona- - Ghada Gabr(Donations) tions)

Place of intervention

Used approach Bottom Up Top Down Impact of internvention -Political -Social & Cultural -Enviornmental -Economical High Medium Low

10% 45%

10% 60% 10%

20% 10% 10%

35% 10%

low

50%

low

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

10% 20%

Medium

High

10% 40%

High

High 20

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

4 Discussion and Recommendations

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Informal Areas‘ Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

4 Discussion and Recommendations 4.1 Critical Review • Looking deeply into Istabl Antar area and the way of interventions which took place there. We can easily see the lack of many services on different aspects despite the stimulating initiatives alot of NGOs & CBOs are tackling in the area with a participatory approach providing services such as electricity, water supplies, swedge system in partnership with both International organisations and local government. • Building on the UN-Habitat report, MODEL PROJECtS | 2013/14, time to think urban for a better urban future. It reflects that the seventh key component are highly needed in Istabl Antar future development stratigies that should be covered. • Legal Land management framework for the squattered land in order to respond to the existing and the future urban expansion. This wouldn‘t happen away from having a clear vision for urban risk reduction and rehabilitation assessment that is parallel with the improvement of the governmental system which only focussing on a physical level of providing services. Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

KEY STRATIGIES

Main component of Istabl Antar Source, UN-Habitat: Catalogue of Model Projects | 2012/13

Urban Quality 10

4 Living Quality

Participation

Social Quality

Accessability

Evaluation of existing conditions ( Source: Author) 22

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

Istabl Antar

4 Discussion and Recommendations 4.2 International Case Studies Human development programme

Physical interventions

The Community Schools initiative (CS) which was launched by the MoE in partnership with UNICEF in 1992 in Upper Egypt (in the governorates of Assiut, Sohaag and Qena). Five Community Schools set out to provide access to education in sparsely populated, rural and hard-to-reach areas with small numbers of school age children, offering multi-grade classes admitting pupils of different ages and ability at the primary education level, with a special focus on girls. To date, 257 community schools have been established. There are now 3136 such schools, and the notion of community mobilization and participation has caught on to such an extent that other organisations, such as the Social Fund for Development and USAID, have established similar schools. (UNICEF, p. 119) From 2012 till 2014 in partnership with the Ministry of Youth and Sport, 433 young people were equipped with knowledge and skills for active citizenship through civic education workshops conducted at youth centres and universities in Qena.

Between 2007 and 2013, around 14,280 people living in Qena governorate were connected to safe water connection as part of the UNICEF supported household water connection programe.

Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I

Community School by UNICEF ( Source: UNICEF)

Component of Initiatives by UNICEF ( Source: UNICEF)

Informal Areasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Development Approaches in Egypt - Process & Roles

4 Discussion and Recommendations

Istabl Antar

4.3 Approach for the Future

Natural Representatives

Available jobs in the area

Inhabitants of Istabl Antar

( Source: Author) Integrated Case Study - IUSD III - Ain Shams University - Phase I