#4 Resilience Through Architecture & Building Technologies
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Lecture #3
Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Speaker: Prof. Dr. Rudolf Sch채fer Technische Universit채t Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Contents • Clearing the Terms • Urban and Regional Resilience • Urban Resilience in the German Discussion
• Governance as a particular field for Resilience Strategies in the Mena Region • Proposals
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Clearing the Terms Resilience the new catchwork of our times? And replacing sustainability? Positive aspects of resilience
• • • • •
To be able to withstand hardship and disturbance To recover from disaster and destruction To regain one‘s original shape after deformation To be cautious enough to prepare for the unforeseen To deal with risks in an appropriate way
• Vulnerability • Risks/Challenges/Endangerments
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Urban and Regional Resilience Resilience of What in Urban Areas? •
Metabolic Flows in sustaining urban functions, human well being and the quality of life
•
Governance networks and the ability of the society to learn, adapt and reorganise the way thes cope with urban challenges
•
The social dynamic of people as citizens, consumsers and users
•
The built environment that defines the urban physical pattern
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Resilience to What in Urban Areas? Categories of Disturbances
•
Natural (earthquake, floods …)
•
Economic (financial crises, market shocks …)
•
Biomedical (diseases …)
•
Social (Labor availibility, security, preference changes …)
•
Technological (accidents, havaries…)
•
Political (change od government, revolution, war..)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Weaknesses of the attempts to extend the resilience concept to cities and regions • Theoretical foundation • Lack of understanding concerning the processes and factors that make some cities and regions vulnerable and others resilient. • Lack of operationalisation • Vulnerability through resilience
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Urban Resilience in the German Discussion Characteristics of the German Research Situation and some conclusions (Müller 2010) • The discussion about resilience is rather new in Germany. The German translation of the term as „Resilienz“ is not a common word in colloquial language. • Until recently, experts used it only in psychology and resilience research was almost exclusively seen as a subject of psychology and social pedagogy.
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
• The debate on climate change – adaptation and mitigation strategies – had a strong influence on the popularisation of the term. • Insights from other fields of discussion such as sustainable urban and regional development have to be drawn into consideration. • Resilience research in Germany is still very much confined to natural disaster prevention, risk management and adaptation strategies to climate change. Focussing on them alone would be by far too narrow an approach.
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
• One should be very careful in applying the term resilience to everything that is related to change towards more sustainable development. Distinctions must be made between change and change management and resilience and resilience governance. • In spatial research one should focus on the spatial dimensions of resilience and reflect on time and scale problems. • One should be aware of the fact that disturbances are not automatically negative.
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Examples of German Activities in Resilience Research • Leibniz Institute for Regional Development and Structural Planning, Erkner, and Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development, Dresden, with contributions in the German Annual of Spatial Research and Policy 2010 • Bauhaus Uni Weimar with the newly established Research Group „Institute for Space and Resilience“ mentored by Prof. Dr. Harald Kegler • Pestel Institut, Hannover, with the nationwide report „Regionale Krisenfestigkeit“ (Regional Resilience), 2010
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
• Uni Stuttgart/Region Stuttgart: Potential Analysis of Alternative Resilient Solutions through Development of Coordinated System of Land Use Planning • HafenCity University Hamburg with a research focus on „Resilienzforschung und Räumliche Planung“
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Indicators of Pestel Report SOZIALES – Social Welfare 1 Schulabgänger o. Abschluss in v. H. aller Schulabgänger 2 SGB II-Quote 3 Hausärzte je 100000 Einwohner WOHNEN - Housing 4 Wanderungssaldo im Durchschnitt der Jahre 2004 – 2008 je 1000 Einwohner 5 Mieterquote 6 Wohnfläche je Einwohner
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
VERKEHR - Mobility 7 Verkehrsflächen je Einwohner 8 ÖPNV-Fahrzeugkilometer je Einwohner 9 PKW Bestand je 1000 Einwohner FLÄCHENNUTZUNG – Land Use 10 Landwirtschaftsfläche je Einwohner 11 Anteil ökologischer Anbau an der Landwirtschaftfläche in v. H. 12 Waldfläche je Einwohner
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Regionaler Krisenfestigkeitsatlas Soziales SGB II-Quote in Deutschland 2010
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Regionaler Krisenfestigkeitsatlas Wohnen SGB II-Quote in Deutschland 2010
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Regionaler Krisenfestigkeitsatlas Verkehr SGB II-Quote in Deutschland 2010
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Regionaler Krisenfestigkeitsatlas Flächennutzung SGB II-Quote in Deutschland 2010
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Regionaler Krisenfestigkeitsatlas Energie SGB II-Quote in Deutschland 2010
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Regionaler Krisenfestigkeitsatlas Wirtschaft SGB II-Quote in Deutschland 2010
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Regionaler Krisenfestigkeitsatlas - Insgesamt SGB II-Quote in Deutschland 2010
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Governance as a Crucial Field for Resilience Research and Politics in the MENA Region Why this Focus? • Disasters and vulnerabilities are largely the result of deficient urban management practices. • The solutions to reducing vulnerability of urban areas therefore are not to be found on the drawing board alone. • They lie in improving decisions made in managing the growth and development of cities. (Lewis and Mioch 2005)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Basic Dimensions of (Good) Governance Inclusive decision-making is the heart of good governance. Equally important is the process by which decisions are implemented - or not. The „Politics of Urgency“ should be developped to the „Governance of Preparedness“ (Medd/Marvin 2005)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Dimensions/Objectives/Criteria/Strategies for and towards Resilient Governance Structural and Procedural Aspects
•
Decentralisation, Subsidiarity • Local Level • Regional Level
•
Comprehensive Cross Sectoral Approaches in Planning and Implementation
•
Local Level Disaster Risk Assessment
•
Stakeholder Analysis and Management
•
Participatory Planning Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart
Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
•
Robustness, Kompaktheit
•
Redundanz
•
Self Sufficiency
Framing Conditions
• Political Commitment • Demand for Sustainable Approaches and Solutions • Capacity Building, Empowerment, Awareness Raising • Legal and Regulatory Frameworks for Risk and Resilience Management
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Proposals Pilot Projects as Elements of Action Research in the fields of • Local self government • Cross sectoral planning • Participatory planning Awareness Raising Capacity Building
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
References Behrendt, Dieter u.a.
Regionale Krisenfestigkeit Pestel Insitut, Hannover 2010
Behrendt, Dieter
Strukturelle und funktionale Risiken für Städte und Regionen Pestel Institut, Hannover, November 2011
Bürkner, Hans-Joachim Vulnerabilität und Resilienz. Forschungsstand und sozialwissenschaftliche Untersuchungsperspektiven Working Paper Nr. 43, IRS Leibniz Institut für Regionalentwicklung und Strukturplanung August 2010
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Hills, Alice
Revisiting Institutional Resilience as a Tool in Crisis Management Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Volume 8, Number 2, p. 109 ff (2000)
Hitthaler, Anna
Wieder ein Modewort – Resilienz PLANERIN, 2011 Heft 5, P. 43 ff.
Kilper, Heiderose
Vulnerability and Resilience - Editorial Raumforschung und Raumordnung, Volume 70, p. 257 f. (2012
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
•
Kilper, Heiderose/ Thurmann, Torsten
Vulnerability and Resilience: A Topic for Spatial Research from a Social Science Perspective In: Bernhard Müller (Ed.): Urban Regional Resilience: How Do Cities and Regions Deal with Change? German Annual of Spatial Research and Policy 2010, p. 113-119 Heidelberg et alii 2010
•
Federal Ministry of Education
Lewis, Dan/Mioch, Jaana
Urban Vulnerability and Good Governance Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Volume 13, Number 2, p. 50 ff (2005)
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Federal Ministry of Education
•
Medd, Will/Marvin, Simon From the Politics of Urgency to the Governance of Preparedness: A Research Agenda on Urban Vulnerability Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Volume 13, Number 2, p. 44 ff (2005)
•
Müller, Bernhard
Urban and Regional Resiliences – A New Catchword or a Consistant Concept for Research and Practice? In: Bernhard Müller (Ed.): Urban Regional Resilience: How D Cities and Regions Deal with Change? German Annual of Spatial Research and Policy 2010, p. 1-13, Heidelberg et alii 2010
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education
MSc Integrated Urbanism & Sustainable Design (IUSD)
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues On Resilience
#3-3 Conceptualizing Urban Resilience in the MENA Region
Conceptualising Urban Resilience in the Mena Region – Prof. Dr. Rudolf Schäfer, Technische Universität Berlin, Campus El Gouna
Thank you for your attention!
Integrated Urbanism Dialogues II – On Resilience, Cairo 30th September - 1st October, Ain Shams University & University of Stuttgart Federal Ministry of Education
Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation Ministry of Higher Education