2021_CalPolyArchThesis_ Clifford_ IvanSinghParihar by Ivan Singh Parihar

THESIS

VELLUM WIP

STUDIO 401_CLIFFORD | IVAN SINGH PARIHAR | SENIOR THESIS

Acknowledgment

I would like to thank my thesis Professor Dale Clifford for provided me with valuable directions and keeping our studio's spirits high during these harsh times of the pandemic, my studio peers who helped to facilitate necessary discussions which were essential for my project's development and my friends & family for their support.

STUDIO 401_CLIFFORD | IVAN SINGH PARIHAR | SENIOR THESIS

TABLE OF CONTENT 1_ROADMAP

2_ABSTRACT Generator

3_INTRODUCTION Overlap Map

4_RESEARCH Approach

Technology, Tools, and Design

Architecture of Aesthetics

Evolution of digital surfaces

5_THE

IDEA

6_TESTING

GROUNDS

City

Frigid

Desert

Conditions Materials Diagrams Object Detail Context Scape Drawings Mass Customization Conditions Materials Diagrams Object Detail Context Scape Drawings Mass Customization

7_AFTERLIFE Reusability & Aftermarket Profiles Joints Layered Materials Vellum

STUDIO 401_CLIFFORD | IVAN SINGH PARIHAR | SENIOR THESIS

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Conditions Materials Diagrams Object Detail Context Scape Drawings Mass Customization

ROAD MAP FALL 2020 p1_TEAM RESEARCH P2.1_SURVEY & GENERATOR

FRAMEWORK

P2.2_ABSTRACT SHOW P3_DATA MAPPING P4_SITE MAPPING FALL_BOOK SHOW

WINTER 2021

_INITIALIZE CFD+Parametric Design+Analysis Tools _DESIGN I Primary & Secondary Structure

_Panelization I Envelope Detail

qualifying SHOW

_ground up Digital Environment Development _DESIGN III Tiertiary structure _detail SHOW

ASSEMBLY PROCESS

WINTER_BOOK II

MATERIAL INVESTIGATION

_DESIGN II Optimised Shell

DIGITAL MODELING

SECTION SHOW

SPRING 2021

_PANELIZATION II Interiors _animationS

FINAL PASS

VELLUM_FURNITURE _FINALIZE FINAL SHOW SPRING_FINAL PROJECT & THESIS

STUDIO 401_CLIFFORD | IVAN SINGH PARIHAR | SENIOR THESIS

INTRODUCTION

Skin System_Exterior Localized Air Intake The fabric is adjusted by automated arms for desired performance

Speculative Investigation

A speculative investigation through the future craft around a new generation of building assembly generates a function-specific yet customizable architectural expression. Through the automobile industry’s precise robotic manufacturing & assembly, our current technological advancements make performance tangible in terms of an architectural expression making otherwise gradual changes in performative context more noticeable.

Automobile Industry and Architecture

Manufacturing Building elements through automobile industries’ cutting edge methods & technologies to allow mass customization of architectural panels, which permits the existing building skeleton to host solutions to the challenges of an anticipated future in various environmental contexts.

AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

OBJECT

MULTI MATERIAL SPACE FRAME MONOCOQUE FRAME

STRUCTURE

OVERLAP

SPACE FRAME

ARCHITECTURE INDUSTRY

EXO-SKELETON STEEL FRAMING TUBULAR SPACE FRAME

Automobiles, architecturally, are the smallest and the most technologically superior expression of enclosed space which is essentially a portable room with extreme efficiency. Both fields often inspire each other through unprecedented ways which push the boundaries of technology wherever possible.

Architectural works and automobiles both use the concept and innovations in terms of envelope supporting structure. The chassis of a car creates a monocoque shell that can host segments of the exterior that can be further adapted to desired performance. Architecture industries need the ease of convenience of that of a vehicle which allows upgrades and customization with ease and minimally invasive techniques.

building scale

OVERLAPPING POTENTIALS 2020 WIP

30’ 28’ 26’

OPTIMIZATION

DIMENSIONAL OPTIMISATION USING AI

APPROACH

SIMULATIONS COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS

The Automobile and Architecture industries both use high-end simulations to maximize the performance and results. Automobile simulations can optimize down to the level of the screw, which is an expanded range of optimization of the architectural industry. Such an approach will increase the scope of components that can impact the features of architectural space.

24’ 22’

CONDITIONS

WIND SOUND HEAT GAIN VISIBILITY LIGHT

AERODYNAMICS MASS SURFACE TOPOLOGY MANUFACTURING FOR MATERIAL DISTRIBUTION & STRENGTH

With manufacturing industries booming across all scales and technologies, existing fabrication methods hold potential yet are explored by the disciplines. High-end yacht design is currently the bridge between architectural and space and vehicular spaces. With architecture tapping into high-end methods, a new workflow will arise, transitioning mass manufacture to mass customization.

20’ 18’ 16’

SYNTHESIS

LAYER MOULDING

VACUUM FORMING

STAMP PRESS

ORGANIC GROWTH

PLASMA CUTTING

LASER CUTTING

METAL 3D PRINTING

Both architectural and automobile design involves various methods for expressing creative narrative, which utilizes a range of multimedia that ultimately adds to the concept's richness. In addition, techniques, traditions, and crafts involving model making can eventually translate themselves into the manufacturing process and vice versa.

CONCRETE 3D PRINTING

MIXED MEDIA

14’ 12’ 10’ 8’

WIND FOG & SOLAR HARVESTING

POLLUTION & SMOG FILTERATION

Ideas of a car having solar roofs are one way of resource harvesting. But in terms of architecture, the automotive tools allow innovation in range and scales traditional and heavily standardized methods fails. With the help of precise tools with minimal inputs opens up invention to zones within architectural space where revolutionary innovation is unprecedented.

NC MA FOR S PER LAYER

STO PAN MIZAB ELS LE

S CU

FEATURES

RAINWATER RUNOFF E

MAS

VIBRATIONAL HARVESTING

LIVING FACADE

6’ 4’ 2’

AFTERLIFE

BO TI

HYBRID ASSEMBLY C

BL Y

AFTER MARKET

REUSE + REDUCE

Y BL

T SI

Newer architectural works are leaning towards onsite assembly where the components arrive from a highly industrialized manufacturing facility. However, with architecture ranging a host of details, there always persists the flexibility of onsite and offsite assembly methods. By adapting automobile machines to architectural requirements, a new toolset of minimal onsite manufacturing will come into play, creating the construction more optimized to the onsite and dynamic needs.

RECYCLE

STUDIO 401_CLIFFORD | IVAN SINGH PARIHAR | SENIOR THESIS

The birth of a newer library of components will allow an aftermarket, which results from on-demand delivery. Parts will be able to have an extended lifespan because of the ability to dismantle. Such an approach will reduce scrapyard waste. Extremely exclusive and unique components open doors to artistic intervention due to their form, features, and materials.

0’ panel scale

EXTERIOR ASSEMBLY

SCALE OF INTEREST

OPTIMIZATION

RESEARCH Technology Tools and Design Overlapping Potentials: The high-end architecture incorporates clever engineering, computer-controlled manufacturing, and the weaving together of many materials into complex, considered shapes. But so does a hypercar. The world of contemporary buildings is deeply sophisticated, but it is a long road to utilizing technologies currently available. If buildings were as intelligent as cars, the rules would demonstrate aesthetics developed as components across continents. Through rapid prototyping, a product can be multifunctional, which is widely observed across the automobile industry. A final push that creates a revolution that updates the current construction techniques to the industrial forefront.

The sprawl of architecture across material science, product, and process engineering across users and clients creates a domain that transforms architecture, going far beyond its traditional range of structure, space, materials, utility through the use of already developed software technology industrial engineers disciplines. The complex built pieces about standard assembly order of wall panels, structural frames, sections such as a whole bathroom can be customized for orders and then run parallel to the car manufacturers shipping logistics but to be assembled on the building site instead of a factory. Such a version of prefab offers rich potential for innovation. Living in an industrial transition time, humans are gradually switching from mass production to mass customization. By involving customers directly in the final result, mass customization customers can personalize the design before fabrication data drives production. The designer does not create the final design but the algorithm of the method. Mass customization (MC) is producing a small number of personalized goods at the lowest possible price. It is the production system the transition is towards. In MC, customers personalize the product to their needs and desires. MC needs algorithms and designers who use them. A product never repeats. It changes in variables from one fabrication to the other.

Machine_Dream Visual Sequence created using Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning using GANs to generates sequences of images that are amalgamations of a single collection of Class A surface rasters. The AI was provided a sample set of 108 images through which it generated 64 learning types which utilized 120 samples. A total of 7680 samples were compiled as a video for Abstract Show 21’

ROTARENEG + TCARTSBA

Mass customization is dependant on personalized sell on-demand, which is fabricated and delivered on-site: massive centralized production sites or broadly distributed small factories in proximity to the customer builds another layer of the network. Forging in abundance creates waste if not sold or fabricating only on demand. Such goods take up inventory space and become a liability in the long run. Manufacturing a thing for everyone is shifting towards forging highly personalized goods for each person.

The current stand of mass production is comparable to mass customization. Both use robotics, CAD system, CNC machinery. Identical instances produced in large amounts at low-cost 20th-century technology misses the spectrum of Mass customization, which is the production of personalized products at the lowest possible cost. The standard model works on fabrication distribution and sale phases. Mass production (M.P.) is producing goods in identical instances in large amounts, driving the cost of fabrication lower. In MP, a product is fabricated and pushed to the market before it is sold. In mass customization, a product is manufactured on demand, only after it was sold-demanded. M.P. uses robots, CAD systems, and CNC machines. So does MC. What’s different is that in MC, data drives the production. Data can come from anywhere. This requires a streamline of the digital fabrication chain from design to production.

SISEHT ROINES | RAHIRAP HGNIS NAVI | DROFFILC_104 OIDUTS

Approach

The approach of placing envelope panels ove specific market along with a competitive after solutions promoting re-usability, replaceabilit evolution despite programmatic changes. Th more fined tuned and responsive with time to plinary approach towards the structure and it sembly system to drive the thesis while discus

State of the Advan

Language Driver: Single Bridge working differently depending on the co

A focus on adapting to the challenges of an anticipated future in various env and technological contexts generates a function-specific yet customizable ar expression while considering the automobile industry’s precise robotic manu mass customize architecture through replaceable panels. The scope oscillate the spectrum of Functions Specific Generic Panels & a Building Specific Fram frames to develop and unique language, making them the hosts for filters or harvesting inventions.

vironmental rchitectural ufacturing to es between me, allowing r resource

Multimaterial Framing

ontext

Performance Materials

nce art?

Manufacturing & Assembly

er a monocoque frame gives rise to a need rmarket. It may generate a framework of ty, and repeated envelope performance his allows the building envelope to become o its surroundings. Developing a multidiscits corresponding envelope creates an asssing different exploration scales.

Batch Steel Press - One output every 6 seconds (Steel-Steel) Resistance Spot Welding (Steel-Steel) MAG Welding (Steel-Steel) Laserbeam Welding (All-All) MIG Welding (All-All) Laser Beam Welding (All-All) Resistance Spot Welding Bonding Printing Roller Hammering Clinching Grip Punch Riveting Semi-Hollow Punch-Riveting Flow Drill Screwing Friction Element Welding Piezoelectric materials Chromoactive materials Magnetorheological materials Photoactive materials Shape Memory Polymers Electroactive Polymers Shape Memory Alloys Bi-Component Fibers Hydrogels Magnetostrictive

Ultra high-strength steel (hot-shaped) Conventional steel Aluminum profiles Cast-aluminum Sheet aluminum Cast components with bionic structures (topologically optimized) Energy-absorbing structure in line with load paths Magnesium strut bracing for stiffness Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) with load path compliment fiber orientation Carbon nanotube

Building Specific (Least Mass Customisation)

Structure Structural Composites

Performative and Site-Specific Primary Structural Frame

Primary Skeletal Frame

The building’s spaceframe has the complete flexibility to develop in terms of site-specificity as it does not require a direct line of formal exchange between the mass-manufactured components.

Secondary Skeletal Frame

The secondary Frame extends itself to facilitate interaction with Bridge

Bri Pressed Metal bridge be

Host to joints and Formal Changes to host Sec

Skeleton Connector

The generalized components project fit into the building’s structural frame with a pressed metal bridge that acts as a host for industrial joints and related functionality. This allows the secondary skeleton to host the Panel Connector allowing non invasively updates.

(Most Mass Customisation)

Generic & Function Specific

Mass Customisation in Envelope Using layers arrange components on a spectrum that distributes itself between Functions Specific & Generic to a Building Specific Frame to establish a Network System. Replaceable Panels and Components are communicating through different layers through host surfaces via welding and joinery. The three categories which can be used to define the Family of Components can be Structure, Bridge & Panel being laid across the spectrum of Functions Specific yet Generic to a Building Specific Frame to establish a Network System. The three categories can establish and Linear and Layered Network between them by layering and communication between adjacent surfaces.

Panel Panel Composition:

idge etween Panel & Structure:

condary Skeleton and the Primary Panel frame

Panel Connector

The multi-layered panel relies on the automobile’s presence inspired spaceframe, with the finish layer attaching itself to the secondary space using layers acting as compatibility bridges. Thus making the bridge independent of hosting any shape and joinery.

Enclosure for Performative Components capable for hosting the Performative Components

Building Specific

Generic & Condition Spec

Structural Interior

Surface Bridges

Building Envelope

(Most Mass Customis

(Least Mass Customisation)

Host to joints and formal modulations to host connecting surfaces

Exo Connector

The generalized components fit into the building’s structural system through the floor or ceiling and are the host for industrial joints and related functionality. This allows the exo skeleton to join non invasively to the slab.

The multi-profiled sheet metal takes clues from automobile spaceframe, with the finish layer attaching itself to different layers which acts as compatibile bridges. Thus making the bridge independent of hosting any shape and joinery.

Exo-Skeleton A carbon fiber wrapped exo-skeleton comprises of 3D printed metal which is topologicaly optimised using artificial intelligence. Porosity in the form is the result of material deposited along the stress lines. The exo-skeleton is scalable and acts as a localised chassis to host various systems such as the Metal Pressed Bridge. The structure is localized to the needs of the system to ensure dampning of the energy from wind related vibrations. Localization permits the computed form to morph with the respect to conditions presented by variating the distribution of the specified material volume across multiple angles for the most preferable iteration. Iterative flexibility across multiple physical dimensions of the structure opens up a posibility of highly adaptive retrofitting.

Standardized Connectors

Metal Pressed Sheet An industrial metal can press a sheet every six seconds. Similiar to a car monocoque, this surface bridge can provide a variety of surfaces essential for enclosure and hosting ports for various ad-hoc jyoints. Industrial standards permit multi material composition for greater material-strength effciency.

Industrial Product Structure Structural Composites

Performative and Site-Specific Framework The Exo-Skeleton has the complete flexibility to develop in terms of site-specificity as it does not require a direct line of formal exchange between the mass-manufactured components. The metal pressed space frame extends itself to facilitate interaction with junction of the panel and the robotic arm. The frame is replacable as it is a component for the Exo-Skeleton.

The details of the panel is influenced by the environment. Such systems generate a family of condition specific solutions. Design using industial standards will allow mass customization and after market of various systems.

Respons Exterior

Rob

The h incre mani and h time. extre level, arms

Held by the stre environmentally surface, is a zon innovation. The motions of the r of solutions to a destructive app

The space betw where assembli conditions can b spatial, perform requirement. Ab system will crea

cific

Mass Customisation of Envelope

sation)

sive Configurable Skin System A high performance skin system which provides control over the surface through the gesture of creasing and wrinkling. A greater control over the surface normals open room for new material innovation in terms of material orientation and performace conditions.

Using layers to arrange components on a spectrum that distributes itself between Condition Specific & Generic to a Building Specific in order to establish a Family of components. Replaceable Panels and Components are communicating through different layers via host surfaces using welding and joinery. The three categories which can be used to define the Family of Components can be Structure, Bridge & Pane.l They are distributed across the spectrum of Function Specific yet Generic to a Building Specific. The three categories establish a Linear and Layered Network between them by hosting joints and communication ports between adjacent surfaces.

bot Arm

Design Drivers

Panel

ween the robotic arms is a space ies in response to climatic be placed and updated with mance, comfort or any other bsence of a panel from the ate an open to air aperture.

Panel Composition:

ength of robotic arms and y sealed with the metal pressed ne for highly customizable flexibility in the rangle of robotic arms allows various sizes attach themselves without any proaches.

Perdormance based inventive assemblies

high precision of robotic arms along with edible weight strength makes it eligible to ipulate the skin accroding to requirements hold the weight of a panel at the same . A robotic arm can function in cold to eme hot temperatures. On the industry , there are various attachments for robotic s which expand their thermal conditions.

High Polution + Air Intake

Low Moisture + High Temperatures

High Speed Wind + Low Temperatures

TESTING GROUNDS

Using the unique climatic conditions to develop systems that have a better range of performance, the bar of innovation is improved through simultaneous learning. It creates opportunities to generate strategies that are unique and facilitate research in newborn areas of technology. By understanding the conditions of the earth and developing multidisciplinary instruments, humanity will proceed towards an approach of civilization studies in terms of human and technological necessities.

STUDIO 401_CLIFFORD | IVAN SINGH PARIHAR | SENIOR THESIS

POLLUTION

High-density urban sprawls affected primarily through automobile pollution will be the focus of this thesis. Using the same technology that creates pollution daily is an automobile. A new assembly system would create a chassis for various technological components to express themselves as customizable mass panels similar to an automobile conceptualization, which can be further fine-tuned for desired performance. With air quality on the decline, the idea of an interdisciplinary investigation will maximize the potential in terms of innovation.

50 miles

POLLUTION

HUMIDITY

Sample Size: 2624.482x1284.58486 miles

HUMIDITY

CLOUD

PRECIPITATION

TEMPERATURE

PEAK SUMMER

WIND

03 Desert - North Africa

WIND

Sample Size: 475.697848x232.836139 miles

CLOUD

PRECIPITATION

TEMPERATURE

PEAK WINTER

50 miles

Another possibility for extreme climatic development would be the artic. Using the sheer cold and high winds, industries that create high heating would synergize with the Earth's atmosphere. The primary industry that will capitalize would be Crypto as cryptocurrencies require intensive heat dissipation and add to global cooling loads required by buildings, which account for roughly 36% of energy usage. By using fast and cold winds to flush out high internal heating loads, which result from GPU farms, the overall energy consumption would fall considerably down. The following site would allow developing synergetic systems, which would involve optimal usage of solar energy and water-based technology.

200 miles

POLLUTION

02 Frigid - Greenland

Sample Size: 675.374376x330.570262 miles

HUMIDITY

CLOUD

PRECIPITATION

TEMPERATURE

GENERAL TREND

WIND

01 Urban - East China Sea

Polar opposite to artic, the desert has various silent features. By focusing on methods to capture sunlight and moisture, different non-conventional systems and assembly could be explored, which would be helpful in areas facing problems of desertification. Such exploration would prove beneficial for industrial solutions such as solar farms and mineral extraction sites. By evolving, energy and resource harvesting technologies in such extreme conditions will carry a virulent form of efficiency within the core of design, providing improved returns in typical situations.

STUDIO 401_CLIFFORD | IVAN SINGH PARIHAR | SENIOR THESIS

Condit Comp

What is the pro The rise of titan they release VO promise to solve

Why has this iss This is a relative seen as promisi more harm than

What are the ke Titanium dioxid the air. There is tanium Dioxide element on the

tions: ponent System

oblem? nium dioxide painted surfaces helps to breakdown pollution but comes at a cost that OC in the air; thus, their large-scale application creates more problems than what they e.

sue not been adequately addressed? ely new technology that is still under research. The use of titanium dioxide-coated is ing, but its impact on a larger scale is ignored. On a larger scale, titanium dioxide will do n good because of released formaldehyde.

ey issues? de paint-based solution cannot be placed as an exterior element as it releases VOCs into no efficient design in place that can collect the discharged VOC in the air over time. Tie needs the presence of UV light to breakdown pollution particles. This limits the facade exterior to work only during the daytime but ends up being dormant when the sunsets.

The System: Generating an automobile inspired intake on the building’s exterior facade will generate a passive air inlet/intake that will allow air to come in contact with a highly curled membrane that focuses on maximizing the surface area of the surface coated titanium dioxide. Primary Frame of the Panel Attaches itself to the Secondary Skeleton with a Bridge Component’s help, which can host the necessary connections for formal communication between the surfaces.

IDEATIO

ON SEED

Panel Composition: Enclosure for Performative Components: 1. Wiremesh 2. Housing/Primary Frame for Wiremesh Connects itself to the Panel Connector via the hosted joints and weldable areas 3. Transparent Housing 4. Secondary Frame : Hosts the Performative Components

The building will clean the air of its surroundings by working as a passive air filter during non-operational hours, such as night time. Every 100m^2 surface in a year could remove pollutants equivalent to a car driven more than 130 km. This will help to create an opportunity for buildings to give back to the community. Using a component-based design, each component can be updated, recycled, and used in the aftermarket.

Performative Components 5. Titanium Dioxide Surface: A Titanium dioxide paint-based solution sprayed over a surface area maximized membrane to maximize the breakdown of VOCs. 6. UV Lights: The UV light inside this apparatus will allow the apparatus to work in the absence of natural UV light. 7. Activated Carbon Filters: The emitted VOCs because of titanium dioxide can be captured through activated carbon filters, which will reduce formaldehyde and other VOCs present in the air before they pass through the building’s mechanical air intake.

Gestural Exploration: Folding Surfaces to explore the Degree of Interaction within the Space

Parametrically Maximised Surface: A Titanium dioxide paint-based solution sprayed over a surface area maximized membrane to maximize the breakdown of VOCs.

Surface Area vs Wind Flow: A vector based relationship between surface density and wind porosity

Pressed Metal Bridge: Host to joints & Formal Changes to host Secondary Skeleton and the Primary Panel frame 8. Panel Connector The multi-layered panel relies on the automobile’s presence inspired spaceframe, with the finish layer attaching itself to the secondary space using layers acting as compatibility bridges. Thus making the bridge independent of hosting any shape and joinery. 9. Skeleton Connector The generalized components project fit into the building’s structural frame with a pressed metal bridge that acts as a host for industrial joints and related functionality. This allows the secondary skeleton to host the Panel Connector allowing non invasively updates.

Structure: Performative and Site-Specific Composite Structural Frame: 10. Secondary Skeletal Frame The secondary Frame extends itself to facilitate interaction with Bridge 11. Primary Skeletal Frame The building’s spaceframe has the complete flexibility to develop in terms of site-specificity as it does not require a direct line of formal exchange between the mass-manufactured components.

Panel Composition: i. Enclosure for Performative Components:

1. Wiremesh 2. Primary Frame for Wiremesh 3. Transparent Housing 4. Secondary Frame

ii. Performative Components:

5. Titanium Dioxide Surface 6. UV Lights 7. Activated Carbon Filter

Metal Pressed Bridge: i . Host to joints for Secondary Skeleton and the Primary Panel Frame:

8. Panel Connector 9. Skeleton Connector

Structural Frame: i. Performative & Site-Specific Structural Composite:

10. Secondary Skeletal Frame 11. Primary Skeletal Frame

9 1. Wiremesh

3 1 5 6 7 10

Panel Composition

3. Transparent Housing 2. Primary Frame for Wiremesh 4. Secondary Frame

i. Enclosure for Performative Components:

6. UV Lights

7. Activated Carbon Filter 5. Titanium Dioxide Surface

ii. Performative Components Detail Chunk

Metal Pressed Bridge

9. Skeleton Connector 8. Panel Connector

i . Host to joints for Secondary Skeleton and the Primary Panel Frame:

Structural Frame

10. Secondary Skeletal Frame

11. Primary Skeletal Frame

i. Performative & Site-Specific Structural Composite:

DETAILED LAYERS

Aperture_Intake Aerodynamically opens up the Facade The gate for filteration module and the first contact of the outside air with the system

Module_Filter Titanium Dioxide Modules with UV light The role and configuration of the modules provides the flexibility to increase and decrease the count based on location and effect

Airtight_Enclosure Fine-tuned to the number of modules and location The enclosure hosts the filters and the point of action where the unfiltered air gets the treatment in the presence of UV light

Dynamic_Fabric Increased Aerodynamic Efficiency Locally The fabric is adjusted by automated arms for desired performance

Automated_Robotics Floor and Ceiling Mount The arms are capable of holding and moving the dependant components

Carbon Filter + Structure Material and Topology Optimised The carbon filter catches the remaining fine particles and is held by a one of a kind structural solution

Structure + Outake Continuation of the optimised structure helps to hold tubings The sprawl of structure helps to position the tubes according to space requirements and material contraints in the most efficient way

Skin System_Exterior Localized Air Intake The assembly at minimum is a floor’s height

Air Intake_Chunk Channelled Air Intake for other uses Filtered air is distributed within and from the building

Layer_Cut System Family The performative system can be fine-tuned for the desired location and can work in synergy with its environment and sibling assemblies within the same building

Segment_Facade Localized Air Intake The facade expresses a response to average external conditions through a dynamic relief to catch the wind. Efficiency and performance is fine tuned through adjustably creased surfaces hosted isolated panels.

Elevation Architectural Trim Lungs for the city

Front Tubular Network From the building, the arteries export clean air to where required

Back Semi-Exo Structrually braced, the skeleton exposes itself to demonstrate the often concealed layer of the project

Base Air Chanels Air flow runs along the depressions and variations in the surface of the building

Rear Retrofitted + Inflation Inflated tubular compliment the existing road networks by adding minimal weight and buildings can benefit from a range of interventions

Bridge_Dispatch Exporting Clean Air across interstate routes By retrofitting existing bridges, clean air is transported by minimally invasive approach by running filtered air parallel to the existing traffic conditions

Underground_Network The tubes can connect to non occupied structures Various structures with the help of an underground network can help to conceal the path of filtered air.

Billboard_Elevated Tall Structures become the carriers Billboards can be retrofitted with components to provide filtered air to adjacent buildings

Plug_Play Localized Air Intake The adjacent buildings become hosts to ports into which the air line is plugged for a direct access.

Air Handling_Base Retrofitting air units located on the ground plane Utilising existing air intakes to provide buildings with purified air.

Air Handling_Raised Retrofitting air units located aboce the ground plane The nature of pipe helps to capture the air intakes of the building with ease of access to repair and modify.

High_Exterior Isolated Air Intakes Self Regulating intake systems which can be digitally monitored for pressure differentials at unaccesable locations

PRECEDENT ANALYSIS

Ali Rahim’s Graduate Studio: Ali Rahim’s 3rd Year Masters of Architecture Studio, University of Pennsylvania explores Contemporary Detail in an aesthetic derived using automobile’s envelope approach and expresses how such details communicate and carry an aesthetic of their own.

Audi Spaceframe: The basic structure of the Audi Space Frame (ASF) resembles a skeleton or the framework of a timbered building. What makes the space frame principle, so impressively elegant from a technical perspective is that it separates the tasks of the body’s various components. The extruded sections bridge spaces, the cast nodes connect the components, the aluminum panels close off the spaces and lend rigidity to the framework. The space frame principle assigns a specific task to each material and each component. This gives the development engineers a great deal of design freedom. This is the right strategy for the volume production of lightweight vehicles. The mix of material fractions in the Multi-material Space Frame offers the Audi development engineers virtually unlimited freedom. They can design each body structure optimally for the requirements. The objective is always to achieve optimum performance while using the lowest quantity of material.

CZinger 21c: Designed and built in California, the 21C is best described as one of the most unique hyper-cars ever built. Most of the car’s chassis, for starters, is 3D printed to achieve strength while saving costs on tooling. Made with aluminum and titanium alloys for the most part, with a few pre-fabricated carbon-fiber tube parts making their appearances wherever possible, the entire car’s chassis is like an organic skeleton. Moreover, it achieves exactly what it needs to, by saving materials wherever necessary, reducing cost by avoiding tooling and molding, and giving the best combination of strength and aerodynamics.

Jason Vigneri-Beane: JVB designs a cryptomorph variant with an inner fused-aggregate body of diamond/hexagon tectonics, with an offset exoskeleton and algae-chamber implants / the media skin incarnation with pixel meadow / - variegated vegetation grew from envelope tectonics /a vegetated/ pixelated plug-in media/meadow skin that connects an offset exoskeleton and to the inner body through the exoskeleton - a parametric skin made of fused arrays of diamond mega-pores goes through a process of cascading bilateral transformations - this work-in-progress exploration is meant to develop thick skins and techno-ecological envelopes concerning form and space, zoomed in to this variant of the cryptomorph to see a bit more diversity in the pixel patterns and pre-fab meadow -

Neri Oxman: Oxman writes about the world and environment as organisms, changing regularly and responding to use, full of gradients of color and physical properties rather than sharp boundaries. She proposed developing a material ecology with “holistic products, characterized by property gradients and multi-functionality” – in contrast to assembly lines and “a world made of parts”. On the interplay between design and fabrication methods, she said “the assumption that parts are made from single materials and fulfill predetermined functions is deeply rooted in design... [and] enforced by the way that industrial supply chains work.” She describes her work as pursuing “a shift from consuming nature as a geological resource to editing it as a biological one.” This leads to using mutli-scale biological shapes and textures for inspiration, and including living elements in fabrication processes, such as the glowing bacteria in Mushtari and using silkworms to construct the Silk Pavilion. She has written that science, engineering, design and art should be more actively connected – with the output of each discipline serving as input for another.

Pneuma 3 explores the generation of architectural encapsulations for the human body that accommodate multiple functions (such as protection, circulation and comfort) embedded in a singular integrated design. This creation is designed as a shielding unit for the rib cage interfacing between the human body and the external environment. Pneuma 3 is designed after the bronchial tree as a passage of airways in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. The bronchi branch into smaller tubes, in turn becoming bronchioles forming a recursive tree structure which nature repeatedly employs to parallelize transport. In this work, the combination of a corrugated rib cage morphology promoting flexibility in movement with a cellular morphology acting as a spongy shock-absorbing armor, generates a structural skin with both filtering and barrier functions. The tree and sponge composite make up for a compound morphology able to provide for the multiple functions it must satisfy as a wearable house for breathing.

Greek for ‘air in motion’, the ancient word Pneuma is used in religious contexts to denote the spirit or the soul housed by the human ribcage. The wind of breath is equivalent in the material monism of Anaximenes to air as the element from which all else originates, and it is due to the architecture of the human house-of-breath that life’s air can be maintained. Pneuma 1 marks a series of design explorations depicting this ethereal constituent in material form, as a housing unit for the spirit from which breath emerges. Inspired by animals of the phylum Porifera such as sponges, this soft armor is designed to protect the body while providing comfort and flexibility. Two bodies filled with pores and channels allowing air to circulate throughout are printed using multiple materials with varying mechanical properties making up the stiff continuous shell and soft inner regions.

Based on Leviathan 1, this torso in two parts explores the relation between slot geometry and physical motion. Vertical slots are designed to provide flexibility in rotational bending while horizontal slots are designed to provide flexibility in vertical bending. The color combination represents complementing material properties providing for a range of stiff and soft compositions informed by slot curvature, thickness density and directionality.

STUDIO 401 |

| 2020-21

annotated bibliography https://issuu.com/penndesign/docs/pressing_matters_8 https://issuu.com/penndesign/docs/pm7_isuu https://issuu.com/penndesign/docs/pm7_isuu https://www.archdaily.com/438388/robots-cars-and-architecture https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/27238 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00004-012-0119-3 https://neri.media.mit.edu/projects.html https://www.czinger.com/ https://www.audi-technology-portal.de/en/body/aluminium-bodies/audi-spaceframe-en http://www.splitstudio.com/ https://www.c-a-p.net/

APPENDIX