IWCAM Demonstration Project Guidance Document-Appendices by IW LEARN

APPENDIX ONE – THE IWCAM DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS A major focus of this regional IWCAM project is to undertake specific demonstrations of targeted IWCAM activities in order to deliver actual achievements in mitigation and resolution of threats and root causes. As such, this represents a discrete Component of the overall project (Component 1 - The Demonstration, Capture And Transfer Of Best Practices). Within this Component, a number of Demonstration Projects have been developed at the national level. The objectives of the Demonstration Projects in respect to the overall regional IWCAM project are as follows: • • • • •

To target selected national and regional hotspots of watershed and coastal impacts and threats, as well as sensitive areas which are particularly vulnerable to similar impacts and threats To address OP9 eligible issues ‘on-the-ground’ through GEF funding supported by significant co-funding To deliver real and concrete improvements and mitigation to IWCAM constraints and impacts To identify and mobilise reforms to policy, legislation and institutional realignment consistent with IWCAM objectives To provide transferable lessons and best practices which can serve to replicate successes elsewhere both nationally and regionally

The process by which these particular demonstrations were chosen has been rigorous and is explained below. DEMONSTRATION PROJECT SELECTION PROCESS A. Hotspot/Sensitive Area Selection Process Each country was required to complete a Hotspot, Sensitive Area and/or Overriding Issues Identification Sheet based on the GIWA Hotspot Selection Process. This required the countries to rank their top 3 Hotspots and top 3 Sensitive Areas on the basis of major GIWA concerns such as freshwater shortages, types of pollution, habitat modification or destruction, etc. These hotspots or Sensitive areas were also further ranked on the basis of their geographical size, effected population, importance natural resources under threat to local livelihood, national development, etc. the nature of the threats and the main human activities was also recorded. Careful guidance was given on how to score these rankings and some rankings were weighted more than others. This process is a standard part of the GIWA and followed the same approach. Summarised descriptions and results for each country are given as Annex A.1 (summary) and A.4 (details) below under Annexes to the Appendix. B. Agreement on IWCAM OP 9 Eligible issues Careful review of the eligible OP 9 issues relating to SIDS identified the specific areas of eligibility. Fisheries and Climate Change are noticeably omitted as these are both the subject of separate GEF regional initiatives in the Caribbean which include the SIDS. Eligible areas for GEFsupported demonstrations in the SIDS are given in Annex A.2 below.

C. Adoption of Selection Criteria for Project Submissions The Steering Committee reviewed and adopted a set of standard selection criteria for all project submissions. Every submission was required to meet these criteria. The criteria are presented below in Annex A.3. D. Submission of Concept Papers Each country then developed at least one Concept Paper based on their hotspots and sensitive areas, and aligned with the GEF OP9 eligible issues. These were carefully reviewed by the Executing and Implementing Agencies as well as by technical expertise, and were shared with the GEF Secretariat for their comments on eligibility. Countries were guided as to the eligibility of their Concept Papers and given recommendations on how to proceed with their Full Demonstration Project Submissions. E. Development of Full Demonstration Project Submissions Based on feedback from GEF and the Implementing Agencies, countries proceeded with the development of their Full Demonstration Submissions. These were required to follow a preselected format as agreed by the Steering Committee. This procedure was adopted to ensure equity of opportunity and to allow for accurate comparison. It also allowed for easier synthesis of budget and co-funding data in to the Full Regional Project. In the final analysis, 9 national Demonstration Projects were submitted to the Executing and implementing Agencies for inclusion in the Full Project. Some countries were unable to meet the deadline for submission due to constraints of time and limited resources. These countries will be encouraged to identify eligible Medium Sized GEF projects which would be compatible with the aims and objectives of the Caribbean SIDS IWCAM project. They will be assisted in developing and submitting such complementary demonstrations at a later date, after the Full Project has been approved. Table 1 (below) gives a summary of Demonstration Projects and how they fit into the Sub-Components. F. Final Adoption of Full Demonstration Submissions by IWCAM Steering Committee The Second Steering Committee for the IWCAM PDF project phase reviewed the 9 Full Demonstration projects as submitted, and confirmed their eligibility under both GEF requirements and in respect of the Steering Committeeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own criteria for selection. The actual National Demonstration projects follow, preceded by a summary of their titles balanced by Project SubComponent which reflect the GEF eligibilities for SIDS under OP9 (Table 1).

THE DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS UNDER COMPONENT ONE The nine selected demonstration projects are presented in Table 1 by country and title and grouped under the OP9 eligible sub-component headings of Project Component One - The Demonstration, Capture and Transfer of Best Practices. The following pages contain each national Demonstration Project in full detail. TABLE 1

LIST OF PROJECTS BY SUB-COMPONENT AND COUNTRY

SUB-COMPONENT

COUNTRY

A: Water Resource Conservation and Management

B: Wastewater Treatment and Management

C: Land-use Planning, Zoning and Alternative practices

D: Targeted Model IWCAM

TITLE OF DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

St. Kitts and Nevis

Rehabilitation and Management of the Basseterre Valley as a Protection Measure for the Underlying Aquifer

St. Lucia

Protecting and Valuing Watershed Services and Developing Management Incentives in the Fond D'or Watershed Area of St. Lucia

Antigua and Barbuda

Mitigation of Groundwater and Coastal Impacts from Sewage Discharges from St. John

Bahamas - Exuma

Marina Waste Management at Elizabeth Harbour in Exuma, Bahamas

Dominican Republic

Mitigation of Impacts of Industrial Wastes on the Lower Haina River Basin and its Coast

Bahamas - Andros

Land and Sea Use Planning for Water Recharge Protection and Management in Andros, Bahamas

Trinidad and Tobago

Land-Use Planning and Watershed Restoration as part of a Focused IWCAM Demonstration in the Courland Watershed and Buccoo Reef Area

Cuba

Application of IWCAM Concepts at Cienfuegos Bay and Watershed

Jamaica

An Integrated Approach to Managing the Marine, Coastal and Watershed Resources of east-central Portland

DISTRIBUTION OF FUNDING FOR INDIVIDUAL NATIONAL DEMONSTRATIONS COUNTRY Antigua and Barbuda Bahamas - Andros Bahamas - Exuma Cuba Dominican Republic Jamaica St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia Trinidad and Tobago DEMO TOTALS

US$ GEF $560,300 $496,160 $579,500 $520,000 $520,470 $601,000 $530,740 $571,200 $673,000 $5,052,370

US$ US$ Co-Funding Total Funds $582,800 $1,143,100 $2,234,370 $2,730,530 $739,188 $1,318,688 $2,007,018 $2,527,018 $642,750 $1,163,220 $629,340 $1,230,340 $22,362,380 $22,893,120 $2,122,418 $2,693,618 $50,719,700 $51,392,700 $82,039,964 $87,092,334

A. Country(s): B. Title:

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA

MITIGATION OF GROUNDWATER AND COASTAL IMPACTS FROM SEWAGE DISCHARGES FROM ST. JOHN

C. Executing Body: Environment Division, Ministry of Tourism and Environment, and the Central Board of Health, Ministry of Health; D. Cost of Project:

GEF: US$560,300

Co-Funds: US$582,800

E. Linkage to IWCAM GEF Project Priority Demonstrations: This project meets both GEF’s OP9 eligibility and the agreed priorities of the IWCAM Steering Committee through the following objectives: A.

•

Tourism Development Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management)

•

C. Protection of Water Supplies Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare

• •

Land and Marine Based Sources of Pollution Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic waste Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes

F. Linkage to National Priorities and Programmes: This demonstration project is consistent with the priorities identified within the Draft National Environmental Management Strategy (NEMs) developed as Antigua and Barbuda’s commitment to the St. Georges Declaration. The development of the NEMs is an OECS initiative that seeks to establish national mechanisms for the implementation of the Barbados Plan of Action for SIDS. This project is consistent with principle one of the NEMS. This project is also consistent with the objectives of Article 7 of the Cartagena Convention which addresses the development and implementation of measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution caused by coastal disposal or by discharges emanating from rivers, estuaries, coastal establishments, outfall structures, or any other sources on their territories. The proposal is further compatible with the following additional International and Regional Multilateral Agreements to which the Antigua and Barbuda is a signatory: • • •

Convention on Biological Diversity The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands The Cartagena Convention and Protocols 4

• •

Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution (MARPOL) St. George’s Declaration of Principles for Environmental Sustainability in the OECS

G: Name and Post of Government Representative endorsing the Demonstration Activity: Diann Black-Layne, Chief Environment Officer and GEF National Operational Focal Point H: Project Objectives and Activities: H.i.

Background: St. John is the Capital of Antigua with an urban population of 45,000 (60% of country total). There is a serious problem with inadequate sewage handling and treatment for this area. A small percentage of properties have individual sewage treatment systems, a similar percentage discharge untreated effluent directly into the open drainage system, while the majority use septic tanks of varying conditions and efficiency. Septic tanks are not pumped frequently enough resulting in failure of the septic system and overflow of low-quality effluent. Septic tank waste is disposed of at the municipal landfill site and it is recognised that this now presents a threat to the integrity of the water table and the quality of groundwater. Most septic tanks are of inadequate capacity, and the sheer number of tanks plus the increasing population have led to a situation whereby the systems cannot be supported by the ground area as evidenced by the presence of effluents at the ground surface in many places. Most of the effluent drains into St. John’s harbour causing severe levels of marine pollution. The inevitable consequences of further inaction would be increased coastal pollution, threats to public health within St. John and on adjacent recreational beaches, where faecal coliform levels could become unacceptable, as well as the loss of groundwater quality in some areas due to sewage effluent intrusion. Leaching of pollutants from effluent dumping into the water table has already been recorded. This area of Antigua and Barbuda was nominated and adopted by the Steering Committee as a Hotspot within the Caribbean using the GIWA-based Hotspot Selection Mechanism. This selection mechanism identifies St. John’s harbour as a primary pollution Hotspot Area within the country, with particular concerns related to microbiological pollution and eutrophication resulting from inadequate sewage treatment.

The main barriers for better control and management of sewage handling, treatment and discharges are as follows: A. B. C. D. E. F.

Lack of adequate domestic handling and holding facilities within the St. John township Lack of treatment facilities prior to discharge Inappropriate waste disposal mechanisms for septic tank sludge Inadequate legislative control and lack of capacity for enforcement Poor incentives/disincentives for construction and use of effective septic tanks Inadequate monitoring of water quality to guide policy-makers and legislators In order to remove these barriers and to address the threats, the following requirements and activities are necessary:

H.ii.

Objectives and Activities:

The proposed demonstration project aims to address the issue of coastal pollution by sewage and wastewater from within the city of St. Johnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s via a series of phased and coordinated initiatives. This project will precede an overall plan to identify a cost effective solution to the problem of sewage within the City in the first instance and eventually nationwide. The demonstration activities include: 1. 2. 3. 4.

A public awareness campaign The design of street-level systems to handle domestic wastes Demonstration of the street-level design within one block of the city The collection of data for the assessment of recurrent cost of system and infrastructure, cost recovery options (source of co-financing) 5. The implementation of a programme of collection of environmental indicators to identify principal areas of impact and concern and for monitoring environmental conditions 6. Identification and design of sewage treatment option (including options related to a Wetland Filtration System) that will meet the environmental and economic needs of A. St. John and B. the rest of the country; 7. Development of full proposal with technical, financial and institutional arrangements for management of wastewater and sewage treatment in St. Johnsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; for submission to The Cabinet for approval 8. Development of a proposal for a medium size project for the development of a wetland filtration system for submission to the GEF 9. A review of legislation as it applies to sewage handling, treatment and discharges and to pollution of groundwater and coastal waters 10. Recommendations for policy reforms and supportive regulations and legislation in support of a new sewage treatment option. 11. Identification of funding mechanisms to cover costs of monitoring (compliance and water quality data) and enforcement H. iii. End-of Project Landscape (Outputs): By the end of the demonstration period it is intended to show a model system for retro-active fitting of sewage handling systems within the township of St. John. This model will have been demonstrated on-the-ground and proved to be effective with clearly associated improvements in street cleanliness and hygiene. A detailed report will have been produced and submitted to Cabinet which will address and make recommendations on upgrading the sewage handling and treatment mechanisms in both St. John and nationwide. This will include costings and sustainability as well as identifying sources of funding. This report will also address the issue of septic tank sludge removal and storage, and the need to protect the critically important integrity of national groundwater resources. Communities should show a clear understanding of the proposed mechanisms and should be supportive and encouraging. Data collection to guide policy reform and legislative amendment will be in place and funding secured to ensure longterm continuation. In particular the following indicators should be apparent: A. An effective public awareness campaign (PA Committee of NGOs, Govâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t., Private Sector, etc.) with positive feedback from the target audience B. Full technical proposal to upgrade sewage handling system in St. John (including streetplans, phasing and costs) before Cabinet C. Parallel development of baseline/indicator monitoring of harbour and beaches 6

D. Successful upgrading of one block of street in the city E. Design and publication of Phased street-by-street upgrading F. Technical review of feasibility of a Wetland Filtration System or alternative design and costing G. Development and submission of proposal to the GEF for Wetland Filtration System H. Cabinet approval for final Sewage and Waste Water Handling and Treatment proposal including relevant policy reforms and legislative amendments in support of measures I. Adoption of funding mechanisms to support long-term compliance and monitoring At the end of the implementation of the demonstration project it is expected that the institutional, financial and technical capacity will be in place to continue the upgrade of the remainder of the city. As a result of the successful implementation of these activities the water quality within the harbour, bays and reefs will be shown that have significantly improved.

I. Project Management Structure and Accountability: The project will be implemented and managed jointly by the Environment Division and the Central Board of Health through a Project Management Unit. The Ministry of Tourism and Environment will serve as the National Executing agency and will be charged with the reporting requirements and the management and accounting of funds. The management structure will be as follows:

M a n a g e m e n t S tru c tu re D e m o n s t r a t io n P r o j e c t - A n t i g u a a n d B a r b u d a T h e C a b in e t

N a tio n a l E x e c u tin g A g e n c y ( N E A ) T h e M in is tr y o f T o u r i s m a n d E n v ir o n m e n t

T e c h n ic a l A d v is o r y C o m m itte e

C e n tr a l B o a r d o f H e a lth

E n v iro n m e n t D iv is io n

A n tig u a P u b lic U tilitie s a n d A u th o r it y

T h e S t . J o h n 's D e v e l o p m e n t C o o r p e r a t io n

Participating businesses, independent local sewage experts, cruise tourism association, NGOs and the local media will also be represented on the Technical Advisory Committee as a means of entrenching full Public participation, involvement and stakeholder support in the decision making of the project, and initiation of the development of a political constituency that will be required in gaining support for the implementation of the recommendations for a full blown sewage treatment system project for St Johns city. The PMU will be guided on policy issues by a Steering Committee. This Committee will include representatives from those sectors of government dealing with water resources and sewerage issues, public health, environmental health, tourism, and other relevant government sectors. It will also include representation from the community, from a relevant NGO, and from

the private sector. Other members may be co-opted at the discretion of the permanent membership. The Steering Committee may also choose to create technical sub-committees to advise it on specific issues. Such technical bodies may be given a permanent status for the life of the demonstration project, where appropriate, and at the discretion of the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee will report from time to time (as required by the overall IWCAM Executing Agencies), through the PMU, on the status of the demonstration project (see M. Monitoring and Evaluation Process below) J. Stakeholders and Beneficiaries: Since this project is located within the Capital of the Country it is expected that the entire population will benefit from this project. Immediate stakeholders however are: Cruise Tourism industry and related organizations, Vendors, financial institutions located within the city, restaurant and storeowners and operators, Shoppers (particularly handicap persons), the St. Johnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Development corporation, the Central Board of Health, the Environment Division and the Public Utilities Authority. Fishermen and Divers will also benefit from the improved water quality within the coastline. The overall benefit to the stakeholders will be a cleaner and safer city. With the upgrade of the sidewalks as a result of the improved infrastructure shoppers including handicap person will be more comfortable being in the city thus increasing revenue to the private sector. The main outcome is the general improvement in quality of the terrestrial and marine environment which represent a renewable natural resource and are critical in maintaining the ecosystem functions of the islands. One of the outcomes that may be considered as negative is the inevitable added cost to users. With the assistance provided by the GEF however it will be possible to thoroughly examine several options that will not only meet the above objectives but to do so in a cost-effective manner. With sufficient awareness at the community level and effective sensitisation of both policy-level government and the private sector it is intended to win support for the necessary policy reforms and socio-economic changes. K: Long-term Sustainability Strategy One of the main outcomes of the project is the identification of a long term cost recovery program that will be approved by the Cabinet and implemented after the demonstration project is completed. It is anticipated the Antigua Public Utilities Authority will continue the implementation of the project by providing sewage disposal service in addition to its current services i.e. telephone, water and electricity. Full arrangements for long-term financing and responsibility will be developed under the component on legislative and policy amendment. Financial arrangements for management will be developed through this same component in coordination with the component on sustainability and replication. Training will be required for APUA staff to adequately assume this new role as well as to the staff of the CBH to build their capacity for monitoring and enforcement. Training must therefore be an important part of the project activities. 8

L: Replicability: The model demonstration of a one-block sewage handling retro-fitting process will, once shown to be successful and sustainable, be replicated throughout other areas of the city once Government has approved the relevant report and proposal, and financing has been secured. The problem of inadequate sewerage in larger towns within the Caribbean (and consequent serious coastal pollution coupled with threat to watershed/wellfield quality) is common throughout the entire Caribbean. Most capital town/harbour relationships reflect the same serious situation as St. John. Many of the lessons would be transferable and replicable. One of the most important aspect of this project is the demonstration of cost effective solutions to sewage problems thus making it possible for Caribbean countries to adequately address sewage related problems. The concept of the Wetland Filtration System for example is gaining in popularity throughout the world but needs more examples and opportunities for deriving lessons and best practices. Lessons and practices from this approach could be replicated, to some degree and where relevant, in most SIDS in the Caribbean. Best lessons and practices developed through this demonstration will be transferred to the main IWCAM project for dissemination throughout the other Caribbean SIDS. Contacts for relevant agencies, corporate bodies and/or organisations involved in the demonstration process will also be provided. M: Monitoring and Evaluation Process: The Project will be overseen by a Steering Committee made up of stakeholders to the project and chaired jointly or interchangeably by the Environment Division and the Central Board of Health. The Project Management Unit will produce a brief quarterly Progress Report updating the Steering Committee and the project Executing Agencies on the progress of the Demonstration. Once every year a detailed report will be submitted through the Steering Committee to the Executing Agencies. This report will provide a full review of the workplan to identify project achievements and deliveries versus the approved schedule, budget expenditures, recommendations with respect to any amendments to workplan and budget, staff contracting and performance, and any other information required by the Steering Committee and/or the Executing Agencies. Furthermore, the Regional IWCAM Executing and Implementing Agencies will carry out monitoring and evaluation of all of the national IWCAM demonstration projects as part of the Full IWCAM Project. The End-of-Project Landscape (Section H.iii) provides initial guidance on the indicative areas of success that would need to be measured. As part of its implementation stage, the PMU will develop a detailed list of indicators which will be approved by the Steering Committee and will be submitted to the Executing Agency as part of the PMUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first Progress Report. This indicator measurement mechanism will be linked to and measured against a baseline situation as defined in the early stages of the Demonstration Project through the establishment of a baseline inventory. It is intended that baseline data will be collected for each indicator and submitted prior to the initiation of the demo project. N: Co-Funding : 9

The major source of co-financing for the Demonstration project will come from central government budget allocations. To date these budget lines have already been approved and allocated. Cash : (Government Agencies) Environment Division: Central Board of Health

US$40,000 US$400,000

Subtotal

US$440,000

In kind contributions: Environment Division Central Board of Health Apua

US$40,000 US$60,000 US$21, 000

Subtotal E.

US$121,000

Total Co-Financing

US$556,000

ANNEX A: A.1.

BUDGET DETAILS

DETAILED BUDGET BUDGET LINE

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

US$

GEF

OTHER

TOTAL

In-Kind1

Funds2

Donor3

SALARIES Project Coordinator

Technical Assistant Administrative Assistant

$2,500 per month (GEF 24 months/GoAB 12months) $1,400 per month (GEF 24 months/GoAB 12months) $1,000 per month (GEF 24 months/GoAB 12months)

$60,000

$30,000

Govt/Env

$90,000

$33,600

$16,800

Govt/Env

$50,400

$21,600

$10,800

$32,400

TRAVEL Attendance of meetings/fora by stakeholders

8 meetings x 20 persons x $75 (+ 5 government persons co-funded)

Cost of community travel

Cost for project staff and community representatives Training and regional

Other official travel

$12,000

$3,000

$1,500

Gov't/Env

$15,000

Gov't/Env

$1,500

$8,000

$4,000

Other Projects

$12,000

$10,000

$4,000

Gov't/Env

$14,000

$6,000

$4,000

Gov't/Env

$10,000

$25,200

Gov't/Env

$25,200

ADMINISTRATION Workshops/meeting/consultations

Training and community consultations

Stakeholder meeting Costs

8 X $1000

Office Rental

$700 per month for 36 months

Computers

2 computers and peripherals data analysis, etc

Government software General Office Supplies

$12,000

Office supplies @$200 per month (GEF 24 months/GoAB 12months)

$12,000 $3,000

Gov't/Env

$3,000

$4,800

$2,400

Gov't/Env

$7,200

$4,800

$2,400

Gov't/Env

$7,200

$4,800

$2,400

Gov't/Env

$7,200

$3,600

$1,800

Gov't/Env

$5,400

UTILITIES (EHM Office) Electricity Telephones

Water

$200 per month (GEF 24 months/GoAB 12months) $200 per month (GEF 24 months/GoAB 12months) $50 per month (GEF 24 months/GoAB 12months)

EQUIPMENT Data/GIS capture and storage equipment

GPS (x2), data storage through palm tops and onto GIS

Scientific Sampling Equipment

Water quality, photographic, soil analyses, etc Water quality, photographic, soil analyses, etc 4 wheel drive

Laboratory equipment (water quality) Vehicle

$8,000

Gov't/Env

$16,000

$6,000

$4,000

Gov't/Env

$10,000

$6,000

$4,000

Gov't/Env

$10,000

$16,000

$2,000

MAINTENANCE Equipment shipments

Shipping from UK and

USA Boat rental

Coastal and river water quality monitoring

Vehicle running costs - fuel

First 24 months GEF, remaining 12 months gov't Field and lab scientific equipment

Equipment maintenance costs Vehicle maintenance costs

Servicing, spares and repairs

$4,000

$3,600

$1,800

Gov't/Env

$5,400

$2,000

$1,000

Gov't/Env

$3,000

$2,000

$1,000

Gov't/Env

$3,000

TRAINING Wastewater management

Specific Training Courses Senior Government Personnel

Data capture, analysis, interpretation and presentation Specific Training Courses Senior Government Personnel

$6,000

$4,000

Gov't/Env

$10,000

$6,000

$4,000

Gov't/Env

$10,000

PUBLICATIONS AND AWARENESS Publications for project

Magazines and reports

$2,000

Gov't/Env

$4,000

Policy level sensitisation

Conference x 2 (issues and project results)

$4,000

Gov't/Env

$8,000

Awareness materials

Video and TV

$8,000

$4,000

Gov't/Env

$16,000

$12,000

$4,000

$6,200

Env/CBH

$22,200

$20,000

$6,000

$5,000CBH/Env/AP/UA

$5,000

Gov't/Env

$10,000

$25,000

$10,000

Gov't/Env

$35,000

$25,000

$10,000

Gov't/Env

$35,000

$180,000

$30,000

CBH/Apua

$550,000

$25,000

$5,000

Gov't/Env

$30,000

$10,000

Gov't/Env

$20,000

$560,300

$154,200

SUBCONTRACTS AND STUDIES Public Awareness Campaign

Consultant, materials, cost of distribution, etc

Collection of baseline environmental indicators and Detailed study of data for national sewage and wastewater treatment environmental indicators study Design and implementation of long-term indicator programme

collection, analysis and information distribution

National Sewage and Wastewater Treatment strategy Consultancy, case studies, reporting including costings) Legislative Review and Policy Reform Study Consultancy, reporting, case studies, etc Street level wastewater management demonstration

Design, construction, monitoring

Development of proposal for a Wetland Filtration system

Project development expert, meetings and consultation Identification of funding for wastewater treatment including replication Strategy

Sustainability and Replication

1 = Non-cash contributions of services and/or support

TOTAL

2 = Actual financial contribution 3 = Name of co-funding donor

$340,000

$428,600

$31,000

$1,143,100

A.2.

SUMMARY BUDGET BY EXPENDITURE

BUDGET LINE

US$

GEF

OTHER

TOTAL

In-Kind1 SALARIES

$115,200

Funds2 $0

$57,600

$172,800

$7,000

$28,500

$33,200

$5,400

$71,400

$6,600

$19,800

$16,000

$52,000

$3,800

$17,400

$8,000

$20,000

$10,000

$4,000

$28,000

$80,000

$351,200

$733,200

$154,200

$428,600

$1,143,100

TRAVEL

$21,500

ADMINISTRATION

$32,800

UTILITIES (EHM Office)

$13,200

EQUIPMENT

$36,000

MAINTENANCE

$13,600

TRAINING

$12,000

PUBLICATIONS AND AWARENESS

$14,000 $302,000 $560,300

SUBCONTRACTS AND STUDIES

TOTAL

A. Country(s): B. Title:

BAHAMAS

LAND AND SEA USE PLANNING FOR WATER RECHARGE PROTECTION IN ANDROS, BAHAMAS

C. Executing Body: The Bahamas Environment Science and Technology (BEST) Commission The BEST Commission evolved from the National Inter-Ministerial Committee on Science and Technology (NIMCOST). This Committee was created in 1989 to coordinate the response of The Bahamas to environmental, scientific, and technological matters referred to the Government of The Bahamas by international organizations. The BEST Commission was established in 1994, and consists of a chairman and a number of board members from Government agencies, which have responsibility for environmental oversight for The Bahamas. The BEST Commission currently is a part of the portfolio of the Ministry of Health and Environment headed by Senator, The Honourable Dr. Marcus C. Bethel, Minister of Health and Environment. The BEST Commissions mandates include serving as The Bahamas national focal point and official point of contact for all international organizations on matters relating to the environment, science and technology. BEST Commission also coordinate matters relating to International Convention Treaties, Protocols and agreements relating to the environment to which The Bahamas is, or will become, a signatory. At a national level BEST Commission coordinates the protection and conservation of the environmental resources of The Bahamas, and represents the Government of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas in discussions and negotiations with representatives of regional and international organizations and foreign governments, where appropriate, on matters relating to the environment, science or technology. D. Cost of Project:

GEF 496,160

Co-Funding 2,234,370

E. Linkage to IWCAM GEF Project Priority Demonstrations: This project meets both GEF’s OP9 eligibility and the agreed priorities of the IWCAM Steering Committee through the following objectives: F. Coastal area Management and Biodiversity Conservation • Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy

G. H.

• •

Information capture to drive and support water management policy development Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare

F. Linkage to National Priorities and Programmes: The aims of this project are a national priority as defined by the Bahamas Water and Sewage Cooperation, the Department of Fisheries, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Physical Planning, the Department of Tourism, and the Bahamas Environmental Science and Technology Commission under the Office of the Prime Minister. The Project is replicable at the national, regional and global level. Most low-lying SIDS experience similar problems. National replication should be captured easily through a cooperative partnership with a regional development bank. (IDB) which has already expressed an interest in replicating the mechanisms and policies developed through this demonstration (See letter attached as Annex). The proposal is compatible with the following International and Regional Multilateral Agreements to which the Bahamas is a signatory: • Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal • Convention on Biological Diversity • The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands • The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) G: Name and Post of Government Representative endorsing the Demonstration Activity: Dr. Donald Cooper, Undersecretary, Bahamas Environmental Science & Technology Commission, Ministry of health and Environment. H: Project Objectives and Activities: H.i.

Background:

Andros Island is the largest island in the Bahamas Archipelago and supports a number of habitat types (mangrove, seagrass, sand banks), which act as nursery areas for the Grand Bahama Bank and beyond (a significant fishery area). It is recognised as being the most extensive area of wetlands in the Caribbean. The main human activities on Andros are agriculture, ecotourism, general development (some tourism-related) and fisheries. The island supports high biodiversity (especially in the mangrove and wetland areas) and is a significant water catchment area. Within the Bahamas, the most important aquifers occur within 30 cm of the top soil. Of all Bahamas aquifers, Andros represents the largest source of freshwater and wetland habitat. It also supports some of the most pristine forest (pine and coppice) in the northern island chain. The main threats to the water regime and related biodiversity include pollution of the aquifer (agriculture, sewage, unsanctioned domestic use, puncture as a result of development), encroachment, destruction of sensitive habitats, dredging, and overfishing. The incidents of pollution are not heavy or chronic as yet but there is a high potential for such chronic effects from wastewater and development (fuel and oil 15

pollution also) and from sedimentation for construction and dredging. The important groundwater resources of Andros are therefore under threat and need protection through zoning, land-use management and effective policy development and implementation. Land-based impacts to both freshwater aquifers and coastal aquatic resources are a serious concern in the Bahamas. There are no real watersheds in this island group and the whole country is effectively a coastal zone. Its coastline and wetlands, along with a significant length of meandering inlets, are of critical significance to Bahamian fisheries both as a nursery area and as a commercial fishing zone. Its position on the Great Bahama Banks undoubtedly expands this â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;lifecycle-supportâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; role beyond its immediate coastal waters to cover a large area of the Caribbean. Andros is the largest source (70%) of groundwater in The Bahamas and is critical to the maintenance of potable water quality on the main island of New Providence (capital â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Nassau) which barges water across from Andros on a daily basis. It is also an important agricultural area for The Bahamas, having the second best soil type for agriculture. It should be noted that, although The Bahamas encompasses a large expanse of sprawling islands, it only has approximately 1% of land that is arable. The delicate balance of groundwater with tidal flow maintains the healthy and expansive mangrove habitats in the middle and southern sections of Andros. The water table lies just a few centimetres below the surface and is under threat from poor or non-existent sewage handling and treatment, inappropriate agricultural practices (within or adjacent to the well-fields), disturbance and contamination from poorly planned tourism-related development, extraction of limestone (thereby removing its natural filtering properties), encroachment by illegal immigrants, and unauthorised private wells. In the coastal areas, development is poorly controlled and dredging and sand-mining are commonplace, as are infringements on setback requirements. Inadequate wastewater treatment from coastal development threatens both the freshwater lens as well as the intertidal and subtidal habitats. Development is expected to increase in Andros over the next 5-10 years. All Government Departments having responsibilities in Andros are in agreement that there is a very urgent need for a Land Use Plan and Management Strategy for Andros if the country is to avoid the contamination of its best groundwater reserve (with consequent effects to health, agriculture, fisheries and biodiversity) and destruction of its sensitive coastal habitats. Currently, through a US$3 million project, The Inter-American Development Bank and The Bahamas Government are preparing a Land Administration Plan for Andros and three other islands. In 2003, approximately 600 square miles along the eastern and central areas of Andros were established as a protected area by the Government in an effort to protect natural resources and to safeguard future water supplies. The management and sustainability of the protected area is being addressed through a CREP (Caribbean Regional Environment Programme) assisted project funded by the European Union (see N. Co-Funding below). This area of the Bahamas was nominated and adopted by the Steering Committee as a Hotspot within the Caribbean using the GIWA-based Hotspot Selection Mechanism. This selection mechanism identifies Andros as the primary Sensitive Area within The Bahamas. H.ii.

Objectives and Activities:

Groundwater conservation and protection in Andros is critical to A. the sustainable management of the island ecosystem and B. the specific management and long-term conservation of water resources necessary to the welfare of the Bahamas. The aim of this project would be to demonstrate active groundwater recharge area protection through the development of a Land and Sea Use Plan (including zoning for all user practices) supported by an on-the-ground monitoring, surveillance and compliance mechanism. The Land and Sea Use Plan (LSUP) would be adopted as a formal government policy and enacted in law where appropriate. Zoning would be achieved through an integrated combination of GIS, ground surveys (where required) and community participation (including local District Councils). Data gaps would be identified and survey strategies would be included in the Plan to fill such gaps as well as to respond to the needs of policy makers to address specific issues or request with data upon which to base the decision-making process. A long-term mechanism for updating and fine-tuning the Plan (with detailed review every 10 years) would be identified, again with an emphasis on data collection for decision-making. The required physical infrastructure would be developed (staff and equipment) and the sustainable maintenance of such a structure demonstrated. The intention would be to prove the value and efficacy of such a LSUP, to demonstrate effective mechanisms for enforcement and monitoring, and to replicate this throughout the Bahamas (as well as other countries within the regional IWCAM project). Critical to the protection of the water recharge processes would be the need to reduce water wastage and increase water use efficiency within the private and public sectors, especially related to tourism in New Providence which is placing the heaviest demands on the water supplies under Andros. The main barriers to the removal or mitigation of threats to the sustainable management and protection of the groundwater recharge area associated with Andros (and of critical importance to the maintenance of that islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ecosystems) can be summarised as follows: A. Lack of effective policy controlling land-use (resulting in pollution and damage to groundwater supplies) B. Lack of reliable information to support/justify policy decisions (resulting in lack of effective controls) C. Absence of an on-going mechanism for measuring indications of decline, or identifying improvements as a result of mitigation (resulting in ignorance regarding status of groundwater supplies) D. Absence of mechanism to control and/or reverse over-extraction of groundwater and related wastage/leakage in the delivery system (resulting in further unsustainable pressures on ground water resources) In order to remove these barriers and to address the threats, the following requirements and activities are necessary: Establishment of a baseline inventory of resources and uses within the Andros chain

• • •

A survey of land and sea resources (habitat types, commercial and threatened/endangered species, commercial resources such as minerals and water, etc) to include any historic data available. Valuation of both renewable and finite resources Mapping of resource use and threats

Development of an effective mechanism for on-going data collection and processing to deliver reliable information to policy-makers and assessors • • • •

Establishment of an on-going data collection programme targeted at the primary issues and concerns threatening groundwater recharge and sustainable conservation. Development of a GIS system integrated to a multisectoral database A mechanism for distilling and distributing relevant information to pertinent stakeholders (especially government departments) and decision-making bodies Effective feedback process from government and policy-makers regarding further refinements to data collection and specific needs for the decision making and legislative process

Evolution of a Land and Sea Use Management Plan • • • • • •

Development of a stakeholder forum to identify critical issues and predict long-term requirements and concerns related to Land and Sea Use and its effects on the Groundwater Recharge Areas Zoning of the entire Andros Sensitive Area for land/sea-use and protection of the groundwater resource A review and strengthening of specific management area needs (fisheries, recreational, sensitive habitats) Creation of community management and self-regulation schemes (supported by active and targeted public awareness and education at the community level, by the community) Stakeholder agreement on a long-term land/sea use plan for Andros and adoption at the District Council level Identification and development of a sustainable funding mechanism for the ongoing development/updating of a land/sea-use plan and zoning practices, and to provide funds for monitoring and compliance

Development of mechanisms and technologies to address specific issues and threats

• • •

Identification and encouragement of more applicable technologies in keeping with groundwater conditions (e.g. Sewage treatment systems, water collection and storage, construction techniques, appropriate irrigation processes) Identification of areas of water wastage and leak detection. Development of cooperative methodologies for reduction of wastage and leakage along with the promotion of incentives for water conservation

•

An effective infrastructure and capacity for monitoring and compliance in relation to zoning, legislation and policy to protect and conserve the groundwater recharge area

Replication of best lessons and practices

• • •

A clearly defined mechanism for replication of the entire LSUP development and implementation strategy to other islands in the Bahamas Transfer of best lessons and practices in technology aimed at water conservation Transfer of effective data processing and decision-making strategies

H.iii. End-of Project Landscape: The expected results and outputs from the project implementation are listed as follows: •

Effective protection of the groundwater resources within the Andros chain supported by sustainable monitoring and decision-making.

•

Effective management (including surveillance and compliance) of land-use and related practices pertinent to the groundwater recharge areas of Andros.

•

Sustainable management of groundwater extraction linked to water conservation measures

•

A long-term healthy and sustainable groundwater environment and related ecosystems on Andros as a result of the above, thereby adding to the regional protection and conservation of groundwater-related and coastal resources within the Caribbean, and providing transferable lessons for other international SIDS.

I. Project Management Structure and Accountability: The BEST Commission, acting as the National Executing Agency, will be the legal entity responsible for executing the Project. The Commission’s responsibilities include: a. To serve as The Bahamas national focal point and official point of contact for all international organizations on matters relating to the environment, science, and technology; b. To coordinate matters relating to International Conventions, Treaties, Protocols and Agreements on the environment to which The Bahamas is, or will become, a signatory; c. To coordinate the national effort to: • Protect, conserve and responsibly manage the environmental resources of The Bahamas; • Identify suitable scientific and technological advances which can contribute to the development of The Bahamas;

•

Propose legislation to enforce the provisions of the national environmental policies; d. To serve as a forum which will encourage open dialogue, thereby facilitating the exchange of information and improved communication among the Government agencies and private sector entities responsible for or actively involved in matters relating to the environment, science, and technology: e. To explain and publicize the policies and activities of The Bahamas Government in the areas of the environment, science, and technology; f. To advise Government in a timely fashion on the environmental impact of various development proposals submitted for the Commission’s review; National Project Coordinator The National Project Coordinator will be appointed by the BEST Commission, in consultation with the National Coordinating Committee on a full time basis for the duration of the National Project. The National Project Coordinator shall be responsible for the overall coordination, management and supervision of all aspects of the Project. He/she will report to the National Coordinating Committee, and liaise closely with the chair and members of this Committee and the BEST Commission in order to coordinate the work plan for the National Project. He/she shall be responsible for all substantive, managerial and financial reports from the Project. He/she will provide overall supervision and guidance for any staff appointed for the execution of the various National Project components. J. Stakeholders and Beneficiaries: Major stakeholders would include residents of Andros, residents of Nassau (water-users), government departments, etc. Further stakeholders who would be directly affected as a result of the project would include: • • • • •

The local tourist industry The agricultural community The fishing community Subsistence foresters / loggers Dredgers and sand miners

Involvement of all of these stakeholders will be an essential requirement in the development of zoning and of the overall LSUP. In addition, certain specific agencies and bodies would have direct input to or involvement in the project. These include: • • •

ANCAT, a highly active NGO focusing on parks and protected areas as well as education BREEF Bahamas Reef Environment Education Foundation. A national NGO specialising in education and training of teachers CCC (Coral Cay Conservation) an international NGO that collects baseline biological data through surveying tropical marine and terrestrial environments

• • •

for sound environmental management and planning. CCC also conducts grass roots, community based environmental education and capacity building CREP (Caribbean Regional Environment Programme) – supporting ANCAT with funding for community management and maintenance of parks and amenity areas IDB – currently developing a CZM plan for the entire Bahamas chain and having expressed an interest in building on the lessons of a LSUP in Andros, with a view to replication throughout the rest of Bahamas University of Miami – with on-going scientific studies in the area

K: Long-term Sustainability Strategy: There is strong commitment on the Government’s part to address the need for sustainability with regard to conserving and managing the natural resources of Andros. In this respect it should be noted that the Inter-American Bank and The Bahamas Government are preparing a Land Administration Plan for Andros and three other islands in The Bahamas chain which will focus on ecotourism activities. Furthermore, in 2003, approximately 600 square miles of protected area along the eastern and central areas of Andros were established by the Government in an effort to protect the natural resources and to safeguard future water supplies. One important component of the demonstration model would be the identification and development of a sustainable funding mechanism for the on-going development/updating of a land/sea-use plan and zoning practices, and to provide funds for monitoring and compliance. Once the LSUP and zoning has been adopted, revenues could be collected through Government EIA application requirements, disincentives (penalties for non-cooperation and direct infringements of the laws, water wastage and leakage, etc). Incentives would also encourage a more sustainable approach to water resource management for Andros. Within the lifetime of the demonstration project, the Government of The Bahamas would need to commit to a sustainable monitoring programme linked to an ongoing management strategy. This commitment would be a critical part of the success indicators which would be established for this project during its implementation phase. One mechanism which is under consideration as a means of raising and maintaining the sustainability of the project’s objectives is through the National Wetlands Policy, which seeks to extend the level of protection and improved management to Andros, one of the most extensive wetlands areas in the Caribbean. In this respect, the Ramsar Convention’s Small Grant facility has recently awarded The Bahamas the equivalent of US$32,000 (in Swiss Francs) for the development of such a National Wetlands Policy. Resorts on Andros are working towards a more sustainable approach to ecotourism management in harmony with natural resource conservation needs. One such resort has recently received a National Geographic Honourable Mention for its safari-style ecotourism approach.

L: Replicability: The project will report back to the Bahamas Government once the land-use planning and zoning process has been successfully demonstrated. This report will emphasise the cost of providing, enforcing and maintaining such a planning and zoning strategy versus the long-term economic and environmental damage associated with not providing such a strategy. It will identify suitable locations within the Bahamas where similar facilities could and should be developed. The report will identify funding sources and sustainable revenues to support these facilities. It will include supportive documentation from residents and recreational users. It will also include a work-plan and scheduled cost-estimates for sequential replication. Best lessons and practices developed through this demonstration will be transferred to the main IWCAM project for dissemination throughout the other Caribbean SIDS. Contacts for relevant agencies, corporate bodies and/or organisations involved in the demonstration process will also be provided. The Inter-American Development Bank is undertaking a $3 million Coastal Zone Management Development Project with the Government of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas. IDB has indicated its intention to work closely with the GEF Demonstration Project, and particularly to review the best lessons and practices with a view to replicating them through its CZM project. Consequently, in preparing its report on the demonstration and its replicability, the GEF Demonstration Project will liase closely with IDB in order to discuss these requirements for replication. In view of the important mechanism that IDB offers for replication of the best lessons and practices from this demonstration, the project will invite IDB to become a member of the project Steering Committee. M: Monitoring and Evaluation Process: The Project Management Unit will produce a brief quarterly Progress Report updating the Steering Committee and the project Executing Agencies on the progress of the Demonstration. Once every year a detailed report will be submitted through the Steering Committee to the Executing Agencies. This report will provide a full review of the workplan to identify project achievements and deliveries versus the approved schedule, budget expenditures, recommendations with respect to any amendments to workplan and budget, staff contracting and performance, and any other information required by the Steering Committee and/or the Executing Agencies. A preliminary set of headings for indicative end-of project landscape changes is provided above (Section H.iii). As part of its implementation stage, the PMU will develop a more detailed list of indicators which will be approved by the Steering Committee and will be submitted to the Executing Agency as part of the PMUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first Progress Report. This indicator measurement mechanism will be linked to and measured against a baseline situation as defined in the early stages of the Demonstration Project through the establishment of a baseline inventory. N: Co-Funding:

Coral Cay Conservation

One of the project’s major partners will be Coral Cay Conservation, a ‘not-for-profit’ voluntary organisation with a considerable track-record of support to GEF projects. CCC will be undertaking most of the data collection and monitoring work associated with the development of the LSUP. This work is essential but immensely timeconsuming and labour-intensive. To hire consultants or to pay local expertise to undertake this work (if available) would run to millions of dollars. CCC will be providing expertise and volunteers whilst also providing training and hiring local labour for basic support. CCC will leave behind it an inheritance of expertise, equipment and a database for The Bahamas. Full details of CCC’s co-funding is given in Annex A. Total US$ 832,020 Caribbean Conservation Association – Caribbean Regional Environment Programme

A closely related initiative which will complement the proposed demonstration of watershed management is the Caribbean Regional Environment Programme’s Amenity Area Demonstration Project (under its Regional Environmental Awareness component). CREP is undertaking demonstration projects throughout the 13 participating CARIFORUM Member States in support of sustainable management of amenity and protected areas. These demonstration projects will combine elements of sustainable livelihood intervention (through the sustainable use of natural resources), awareness building initiatives, and capacity building (where such support can be seen to be sustainable). CREP, through direct community consultation, has identified suitable areas around Andros where the resources are in need of protection and better management. It is envisaged that the CREP programme will increase the amount of ecotourism and other sustainable activities thereby benefiting all Androsians that choose to participate. The main income generating activities on Andros at present are related to tourism and fisheries. The funding for the CREP activities which are complementary to the GEF Demonstration Initiative are: Publication and Advertisements on Resource Management and Protection ...US$2,000 Education and Awareness Programme on Resource Management and Protection...................................................................................................US$5,000 Development of a Management Plan for Amenity and Protected Areas on Andros..........................................................................................................US$570,950 CREP Ecotourism Plan Development............................................................US$43,300 Total US$ 621,250 I. Inter-American Development Bank Land Administration Plan Development of a Regulatory Framework for Integrated Groundwater Management and Pollution Total US$480,000 23

$150,000 US$330,000

Clear Water Caribbean

Advice and consultancy for Alternative Technologies US$10,000 Ramsar Small Grants

Development of a National Wetlands Policy US$32,000 Government Co-Funding

Salaries, Office facilities and support (Demonstration Project) US$248,600 Total US$248,600

ANNEX A: A.1.

BUDGET DETAILS

DETAILED BUDGET BUDGET LINE

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

US$

GEF

US$

OTHER In-Kind

Funds

TOTAL Donor

SALARIES Project Manager

48 Months @$2,600/Month

$124,800

Govt'

$124,800

Secretary

Partial support from existing staff

$24,000

Gov't

$24,000

Compliance and Enforcement

Partial support from existing gov't staff and police $24,000

Gov't

$24,000

CCC Project Coordinator – UKbased/part-time CCC GIS Specialist/Trainer

24 months @$300/month $7,200

CCC

$7,200

12months @$1,000/month

$12,000

CCC

$12,000

CCC Field Project Leader - marine

24 months @$300/month

$7,200

CCC

$7,200

CCC Field Project Leader – terrestrial

24 months @$300/month

$7,200

CCC

$7,200

CCC Field Project Scientist – marine

24 months @$300/month

$7,200

CCC

$7,200

CCC Field Project Scientist - terrestrial

24 months @$300/month

$7,200

CCC

$7,200

CCC Field Science Officer – marine

24 months @$300/month

$7,200

CCC

$7,200

CCC Field Science Officer – terrestrial

24 months @$300/month

$7,200

CCC

$7,200

CCC Field Medical Officer – marine

24 months @$300/month

$7,200

CCC

$7,200

CCC Field Medical Officer – terrestrial

24 months @$300/month

$7,200

CCC

$7,200

CCC Field Scuba Instructor

24 months @$300/month

$7,200

CCC

$7,200

CCC

$7,200

Gov't

$500

CCC Local Support Staff – Boat Operator 24 months @$300/month CCC Local Support Staff - Cook

$7,200

24 months @$300/month

TRAVEL Airfares (internal)

Government sponsored

Airfares (internal)

GEF

$3,000

CCC Project Coordinator

2 x return flights UK plus DSA and incidentals

$3,000

CCC GIS Specialist

2 x return flights UK

$2,000

CCC Field Staff

9 x return flights UK

$9,000

CCC Field Volunteers

480 x return flights UK

$500

$9,000 $480,000

CCC

$480,000

ADMINISTRATION Stakeholder Forum

Meetings x 4 (2,000 each)

Office Rental

Equivalent rental @ $500 per month for 48 months

$24,000

Gov't

$24,000

Computers

Equivalent cost of computer usage

$4,000

Gov't

$4,000

government software

GIS, Data analysis, etc

$3,000

Gov't

$3,000

General Office Supplies

Office supplies @$600 per month for 48 months

$28,800

Gov't

$28,800

CCC Communications

Telephone, fax, email.

$3,500

$2,500

CCC

$6,000

Data synthesis

Reports and GIS plots printing and binding costs

$5,000

Web-based project information dissemination

Hosting of project awareness, updates and technical reports on CCC website

$8,000

$5,000

CCC

$5,000

CCC

$24,000

FIELD RESEARCH BASE CCC Marine and Terrestrial Field Bases

Rent and utilities

$12,000

CCC Field Personnel Maintenance Costs

Catering etc: $8,680/month x 24 months

$208,320

CCC

UTILITIES

$208,320 $0

Electricity

$150 per month for 48 months

Telephones

$50 per month for 48 months

Water

$50 per month for 48 months

$7,200

Gov't

$7,200

$2,400

Gov't

$2,400

Gov't

$2,400

EQUIPMENT Scientific Sampling Equipment

Hydrolab, Camera, etc

$30,000

Laboratory equipment (water quality)

testing and reagents etc

$10,000

Enforcement and Compliance equipment Radios, uniforms, training

$8,000

Marine and terrestrial survey equipment

Ropes, buoys, GPS etc

$5,000

Scuba equipment

20 x sets @$1,000/set

Field reference library and training aids

Field guides, audio-visual equipment and training aids

$30,000 $10,000 $4,000

Gov't

$12,000

$20,000

CCC

$20,000

$4,000

CCC

$8,000

$6,000

CCC

$6,000

$5,000

$4,000

Field medical and safety equipment Survey Boat

27ft vessel fitted with 115hp Yamaha 4-stroke outboard motor and safety equipment

$18,000

GIS database

Computer, plotter, GIS software, satellite imagery

$25,000

Trekking equipment

Tents, ropes, field kitchen etc

$3,000

Breathing air compressor

Bauer Mariner 7.2cfm with diesel engine

$8,000

Vehicle

Motorbike for rough terrain (x2)

$15,000

Vehicle

4 wheel drive for rough terrain

$35,000

Vehicle

Minibus for terrestrial survey teams

$25,000

$3,000

CCC

$6,000

MAINTENANCE CCC Equipment shipments

Shipping from UK and USA

Boat maintenance costs

Outboard motor and safety equipment servicing and maintenance

$6,000

Boat running costs - fuel

300 gals./month @$3 per gal x 24 months

$21,600

Breathing air compressor running costs fuel

30 gals/month @$3 per gal x 24 months

$2,160

Breathing air compressor maintenance costs

Replacement air purity cartridges, oil etc

$4,000

SCUBA equipment maintenance costs

2 x 12 month servicing

$1,000

Vehicle running costs - fuel

100 gals/month @$3 per gal x 24 months

$7,200

Equipment maintenance costs

Field and lab scientific equipment

$5,000

Vehicle maintenance costs

Servicing, spares and repairs

$2,500

Publications for project

Magazines and reports

$5,000

Awareness materials

Video and TV

$20,000

PUBLICATIONS AND AWARENESS

Publications on Amenity and Protected Publications/Advertisements Area Awareness Programme for Protected Area Education and awareness programme STUDIES, REPORTS AND PLANNING

$2,000

CREP

$2,000

$5,000

CREP

$5,000

Ground Water Management Regulations

Development of a Regulatory Framework for Integrated Groundwater Management and Pollution

Gov't EU IDB $330,000

Land Administration Plan Management Plan for Amenity/Protected Development of Area Management Plan Ecotourism Plan for Protected Area

Ecotourism Plan Development

Developing a National Wetlands Policy

Ramsar Small Grant

$330,000

$150,000

IDB

$150,000

$570,950

CREP

$570,950

CREP

$43,300

$32,000 Ramsar

$32,000

$43,300

SUBCONTRACTS Natural Resource Valuation Study

Consultants and Report to Gov't

Community Management and SelfRegulation Strategy

Consultations and strategy

Sustainable funding mechanism

Report to identify funding sources for monitoring and compliance etc

Applicable technologies

Identification of applicable technologies for local groundwater protection

$5,000

$15,000

$5,000

CCC

$20,000 $20,000

$20,000

$20,000 ClearWater Caribbean

$25,000

Small-Scale demonstration of technology Wastewater Conservation Strategy

$15,000

$45,000

Identification of waste and leakage and strategy for incentives/disincentives Small-Scale demonstration of waste/leak reduction

$5,000

$30,000 ClearWater Caribbean

$5,000

$50,000

$25,000

$35,000

1 = Non-cash contributions of services and/or support 2 = Actual financial contribution 3 = Name of co-funding donor

A.2.

TOTAL

$496,160 $1,334,550 $899,820

$2,730,530

SUMMARY BUDGET BY EXPENDITURE BUDGET LINE

SALARIES

US$

GEF

OTHER

TOTAL

$7,200

In-Kind1 $172,800

Funds2 $91,200

$271,200 $497,500

TRAVEL

$17,000

$500

$480,000

ADMINISTRATION

$16,500

$36,000

$31,300

$83,800

FIELD RESEARCH BASE

$12,000

$220,320

$232,320

$12,000

$186,000

$4,000

$33,000

$223,000 $52,460

UTILITIES EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

$52,460

PUBLICATIONS AND AWARENESS

$25,000

$7,000

$32,000

$1,094,250

$32,000

$1,126,250

STUDIES, REPORTS AND PLANNING SUBCONTRACTS TOTALS

$180,000

$20,000

$200,000

$496,160

$1,334,550

$899,820

$2,730,530

ANNEX B:

WORKPLAN OUTPUT

ACTIVITY

1. Project Management and Administration 1.1 Project Management and Staff Contracted Unit 1.2 Project Office facilities established 1.3 Project Steering Committee meeetings 1.4 Reporting to IWCAM Executing Agencies 1.5 Project Evaluation by IWCAM EA/IAs 2. Baseline Inventory 2.1 Survey on land and sea resources and biodiversity 2.2 Valuation of resources and biodiversity 2.3 Mapping of resources into GIS (using Remote sensing coupled with groundtruthing) 2.4 Mapping of threats and concerns into GIS 3. Information capture for integrated, 3.1 Establishing data collection and processing mechanism multisectoral policy development 3.2 Establishing multisectoral GIS system 3.3 Information distribution mechanism for policy and legislature (including feedback for required information) 4. Land and Sea Use Management Plan 4.1 Stakeholder forum meetings 4.2 Review of management needs 4.3 Zonation of Andros for future use and protection 4.4 Community Management and Self-Regulatory Mechanisms developed 4.5 LSUP formal adopted for Andros 5. Mechanisms to address specific issues 5.1 Identification of more applicable technologies 5.2 Incentives for deployment of applicable technologies 5.3 Identification of sources of freshwater wastage and leakage 5.4 Development of methodologies and incentives for reduction of wastage/leakage 5.5. Adoption of sustainable monitoring and compliance infrastructure for zoning, land-use and reduction of wastage 6. Replication of lessons and practices 6.1 Adoption of mechanism for replication of LSUP to other areas of Bahamas 6.2 Transfer of best practices in water conservation 6.3 Transfer of data-processing and decision-making mechanism

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 1 2 34 1 2 34 1 2 34 1 2 3 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX X X X X X X XX XX XXXXXX

X XX XXXX

XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XX XX

XXX X XX XX

A. Country(s): B. Title:

BAHAMAS

WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AT ELIZABETH HARBOUR MARINA EXUMA

Co-Funding: $739,188

E. Linkage to IWCAM GEF Project Priority Demonstrations: This project meets both GEF’s OP9 eligibility and the agreed priorities of the IWCAM Steering Committee through the following objectives: J. Tourism Development • Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management) K. L. Protection of Water Supplies • Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare M.

• •

F. Linkage to National Priorities and Programmes: 30

The aims of this project are a national priority as defined by the Bahamas Water and Sewage Cooperation, Department of Physical Planning, the Department of Tourism, and the Bahamas Environmental Science and Technology Commission under the Office of the Prime Minister. The Project is replicable at the national, regional and global level. Inadequate or absent treatment facilities in harbours and marinas represents a serious concern throughout the Bahamas (and the entire Caribbean SIDS). Several major yachting interests and fraternities have expressed a commitment to assisting in the replication of lessons and best practices developed through this demo to other harbour and marina situations both nationally and regionally. This commitment and requirement would be captured as a component of the demonstration. The proposal is compatible with the following International and Regional Multilateral Agreements to which the Bahamas is a signatory: • • • •

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal Convention on Biological Diversity The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands The Cartagena Convention and its protocols

The Government of The Bahamas in partnership with the IDB have recently concluded a study for a strategic plan for Exuma. This plan highlights the issues identified in this demonstration project as issues in critical need of redress. There are also close links to many components within the GoTB/IDB Integrated Coastal Management Plan and this may well serve as a valuable mechanisms for replication of this demonstration and the lessons and best practices developed there from. Furthermore, IDB (in affiliation with the Water and Sewerage Cooperation) has recently completed a new regulatory framework for integrated groundwater management and pollution control which is very pertinent to the aims of this project. The Ministry of Tourism has also produced a draft Elizabeth Harbour Management Plan which addresses some of the issues regarding yachts and their potential impacts on the environment.

G: Name and Post of Government Representative endorsing the Demonstration Activity: Dr. Donald Cooper, Undersecretary, Bahamas Environmental Science & Technology Commission, Ministry of health and Environment. H: Project Objectives and Activities: H.i.

Background:

Within the Caribbean, the whole problem of wastewater treatment related to the recreational industry (particularly yachts) needs to be address as there is a significant problem with waste disposal at most anchorages, harbours and marinas throughout most of the Caribbean SIDS. Both solid and liquid waste represent a problem, but sewage discharges are probably the major concern. The Bahamas has more marinas than any of the other Caribbean Island countries. New marinas in the Bahamas are required to have reception facilities for wastewater to secondary level after which the effluent is injected into deep holes. Solid waste is taken to landfill sites on the larger or more populated islands, and smaller areas and communities use incineration and then collection. However, enforcement is difficult due to the geographical extent of the 700 or more islands across some 1,400 km of ocean, and there is still a need for better facilities and compliance, especially in relation to visiting yachts. One 31

fairly classic example of where this problem is now a serious concern is at Elizabeth Harbour in the Exuma Keys. The Exuma Keys are an aesthetic attraction visited by many yachts every year. Elizabeth Harbour in Georgetown attracts upwards of 5-600 boats a day. There are no moorings at Elizabeth Harbour and anchoring causes coral damage. Elizabeth Harbour also has a history of contamination from sewage discharged mainly from visiting yachts, but also from waterside commercial establishments such as restaurants and shops. Visiting vessels pump grey and black wastewater into the harbour causing environmental degradation and eutrophication. Although there are varying degrees of awareness with regard to this problem, little has been done so far to address what are sensitive issues, impinging as they do on the tourism industry and its importance to the national economy. The need to monitor and manage the entry and movement of recreational vessels within the Bahamas is recognised, and is reflected in the recently adopted national fee on recreational vessels of $300 per vessel for entry into Bahamian waters. Inevitably, yacht owners will now expect some return on this fee and will be placing pressure on the government to provide necessary facilities to justify such a payment. Their principle needs will almost certainly be high quality anchorages and marinas with associated facilities for maintenance and general upkeep. Foremost among these facilities should be the provision of reception facilities for waste materials. Recreational vessels need to dispose of such wastes urgently upon reaching a berth or anchorage. It is within the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (and the tourist industryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s) best interests to ensure that these waste materials are properly treated and disposed of rather than being allowed to create a serious threat to the all-important coastal and marine environment. This area of the Bahamas was nominated and adopted by the Steering Committee as a Hotspot within the Caribbean using the GIWA-based Hotspot Selection Mechanism. This selection mechanism identifies Exuma as a primary pollution Hotspot Area within the Bahamas, with particular concerns related to microbiological pollution and eutrophication resulting from inadequate sewage treatment. H.ii.

Objectives and Activities:

Uncontrolled and untreated recreational vessel discharges are now a serious problem throughout the Bahamas, particularly within those areas where vessels tend to congregate in numbers. Clearly these recreational vessels represent a potential problem throughout their range and wherever they are cruising. However, these vessels are far less likely to discharge within Bahamian waters if A. the legislation and enforcement is sufficiently strict and B. if there are suitable and effective reception facilities at the major marinas and harbours. Furthermore, many of the popular recreational areas still have inadequate provisions for mooring or anchoring. The objective of the project will be to demonstrate how such facilities can be retroactively installed and sustainably managed, and how incentives for use (or disincentives for violation of legal requirements) can be effectively established. The main barriers for better control and management of vessel discharges and damage by anchoring are as follows: G. Lack of reception facilities for vessel wastewater (grey and black) H. Lack of moorings or designated anchorage areas to prevent damage to sensitive biological habitats I. Inadequate legislative control and lack of capacity for enforcement J. Poor incentives/disincentives for use of reception facilities, moorings or anchorage areas 32

K. Inadequate monitoring of water quality to guide policy-makers and legislators In order to remove these barriers and to address the threats, the following requirements and activities are necessary: Establishment of a management infrastructure and strategy for Elizabeth Harbour • •

Creation of an Elizabeth Harbour Management Partnership (EHMP = Gov’t., Community, Commerce) Establishment of an effective monitoring and compliance capacity

Creation of effective wastewater reception facilities in Elizabeth Harbour • • • •

Construction and operation of a marina/yacht pump-out system Construction of a marina/yacht pump-out system, including delivery of a “pump-out” boat capable of receiving sewage from vessels at anchor throughout Elizabeth Harbour; Development of deep-well disposal mechanism Adoption of long-term maintenance programme

Deployment of moorings and establishment of anchorages • • • • •

Selection and approval of sites for moorings and anchorages (by EHMP) Deployment of agreed number of moorings Buoying of anchorage areas Public Awareness support (instructions to marinas on use of moorings and anchorages) Adoption of long-term maintenance programme for moorings and buoys

Legislative and policy amendment to provide incentives for use of facilities and to establish responsibility for maintenance • • • • •

Survey of existing discharge and solid waste disposal practices in Elizabeth Harbour Survey of current anchoring practices and resultant damage Baseline data collection and analysis for water quality in target areas(s) Based on justifications from data, development of amended legislation and a proposed compliance plan (including new requirements for all further constructions, both private and commercial). Establishment of long-term responsibility and accountability for facilities

Sustainability and Replication • • • •

Adoption of a sustainable funding mechanism for maintenance of the pump-out system, moorings and buoys, compliance monitoring, water quality monitoring, etc Formal confirmation of financial and political support to the EHMP Adoption of a long-term water quality monitoring programme for Elizabeth Harbour Submission of a detailed plan to Government for replication of facilities and supportive infrastructure/legislation throughout the Bahamas (including estimated costs and valuation of benefits versus losses to economy from inaction)

H.iii. End-of Project Landscape: 33

By the end of this project, the Bahamas (with GEF support) will have demonstrated a costeffective, retroactive response to the problems created by recreational vessels within marina and harbour situations in the Bahamas and the Caribbean. It will also have provided guidance for proactive policy and legislative requirements for future recreational developments. Water quality within Elizabeth Harbour will have been improved and damage to biological habitats will have been mitigated and reduced. An Elizabeth Harbour Management body will be in existence with a strategic plan to guide it. The Government of the Bahamas will recognise the advantages of the demonstration (versus the economic disadvantages of inaction), and will have adopted a policy of replication throughout the islands. The lessons and best practices regarding retro-fitting of such facilities (as well as the value of pre-emptive planning for inclusion of such facilities in new developments) will be transferable and of great benefit and advantage to other Caribbean (and global) SIDS. I. Project Management Structure and Accountability: The BEST Commission, acting as the National Executing Agency, will be the legal entity responsible for executing the Project. The Commission’s responsibilities include: g. To serve as The Bahamas national focal point and official point of contact for all international organizations on matters relating to the environment, science, and technology; h. To coordinate matters relating to International Conventions, Treaties, Protocols and Agreements on the environment to which The Bahamas is, or will become, a signatory; i. To coordinate the national effort to: • Protect, conserve and responsibly manage the environmental resources of The Bahamas; • Identify suitable scientific and technological advances which can contribute to the development of The Bahamas; • Propose legislation to enforce the provisions of the national environmental policies; j. To serve as a forum which will encourage open dialogue, thereby facilitating the exchange of information and improved communication among the Government agencies and private sector entities responsible for or actively involved in matters relating to the environment, science, and technology: k. To explain and publicize the policies and activities of The Bahamas Government in the areas of the environment, science, and technology; l. To advise Government in a timely fashion on the environmental impact of various development proposals submitted for the Commission’s review; National Project Coordinator The National Project Coordinator will be appointed by the BEST Commission, in consultation with the National Coordinating Committee on a full time basis for the duration of the National Project. The National Project Coordinator shall be responsible for the overall coordination, management and supervision of all aspects of the Project. He/she will report to the National Coordinating Committee, and liaise closely with the chair and members of this Committee and the BEST Commission in order to coordinate the work plan for the National Project. He/she shall be responsible for all substantive, managerial and financial reports from the Project. He/she will provide overall supervision and guidance for any staff appointed for the execution of the various National Project components. J. Stakeholders and Beneficiaries: Caribbean Marine Research Centre 34

Exuma Resource Centre The Bahamas Water and Sewerage Company Local Government Ministry of Tourism, Bahamas Reef Environmental Education Foundation, Bahamas National Trust Various Private Sector interests (Hotels and Coastal Commercial Facilities) Inter-American Development Bank Caribbean Conservation Association K: Long-term Sustainability Strategy: Long-term funding for the immediate demonstration area can be raised through charges to vessels for use of facilities. This will be reflected either as a direct charge for use of the facilities at Elizabeth Harbour or will be covered by a national fee for recreational vessels entitling them to free use of facilities at any marina or harbour. These are national policy issues which will need to be addressed and resolved during the lifetime of the project. Once the project is ready to roll-over responsibility for these facilities, the Bahamas Water and Sewerage Corporation will take on this role. W&SC will also be responsible for any future replication of this demonstration. Full arrangements for long-term financing and responsibility will be developed under the component on legislative and policy amendment. Financial arrangements for management will be developed through this same component in coordination with the component on sustainability and replication. L: Replicability: The project will report back to the Bahamas Government once the process of retro-fitting reception facilities, moorings and anchorage areas has been successfully demonstrated. This report will emphasise the cost of providing and maintaining the facilities versus the long-term economic and environmental damage associated with not providing such facilities. It will identify suitable locations within the Bahamas where similar facilities could and should be developed. The report will identify funding sources and sustainable revenues to support these facilities. It will include supportive documentation from residents and recreational users. It will also include a work-plan and scheduled costestimates for sequential replication. Best lessons and practices developed through this demonstration will be transferred to the main IWCAM project for dissemination throughout the other Caribbean SIDS. Contacts for relevant agencies, corporate bodies and/or organisations involved in the demonstration process will also be provided. M: Monitoring and Evaluation Process: The Project will be overseen by a Steering Committee made up of stakeholders to the project and chaired by the) Co-Chairmanship of Government and Private sector individuals. The Project Management Unit will produce a brief quarterly Progress Report updating the Steering Committee and the project Executing Agencies on the progress of the Demonstration. Once every year a detailed report will be submitted through the Steering Committee to the Executing Agencies. This report will provide a full review of the workplan to identify project achievements and deliveries versus the approved schedule, budget expenditures, recommendations with respect to any amendments to workplan and budget, staff contracting and performance, and any other information required by the Steering Committee and/or the Executing Agencies. Furthermore, the 35

Regional IWCAM Executing and Implementing Agencies will carry out monitoring and evaluation of all of the national IWCAM demonstration projects as part of the Full IWCAM Project. The End-of-Project Landscape (Section H.iii) provides initial guidance on the indicative areas of success that would need to be measured. As part of its implementation stage, the PMU will develop a detailed list of indicators which will be approved by the Steering Committee and will be submitted to the Executing Agency as part of the PMU’s first Progress Report. This indicator measurement mechanism will be linked to and measured against a baseline situation as defined in the early stages of the Demonstration Project through the establishment of a baseline inventory. N: Co-Funding: The principal co-funding for this demonstration will come from the private sector and from a ‘not-for-profit’ volunteer organisation, as well as from the Bahamas Government as follows: Private Sector: $110,000 ClearWater Caribbean (Private sector firm specialising in cost-effective and applicable wastewater treatment facilities aimed specifically at marina and harbour situations). Providing various cash and in-kind contributions $5,000

Investment from interested and supportive parties within the yachting fraternity, particularly Ocean Research Foundation. E.g. Website, Public Awareness

NGOs and Not-for-Profit Organisations: $52,000

Human resource, scientific training, data collection and analysis contribution from Coral Cay Conservation

$17,575

BREEF – Donation to this NGO from Private Sector of mooring installation equipment. In-kind assistance from BREEF on Public Awareness and involvement in training on mooring/buoy deployment.

Government: $559,613 Representing both cash and in-kind contributions by way of personnel, offices, equipment and staff-time.

ANNEX A:

BUDGET DETAILS

BUDGET LINE

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

US$

GEF

US$

OTHER In-Kind

Funds

TOTAL Donor

SALARIES Project Manager Secretary Pump-Out and Compliance

Executive Secretary -EHMB

48 Months @$3,000/Month Partial support from existing staff Pump-Out station Manager (18 months GEF; 36 months Gov't) @ 2,200 month GEF-Funded 18 months, Gov't funded 36 months. Part-time @600/month

$144,000

Govt'

$144,000

$24,000

Gov't

$24,000

$39,600

$79,200

Gov't

$118,800

$10,800

$21,600

Gov't

$32,400

Gov't

$2,500

TRAVEL Airfares (internal)

Government sponsored

Airfares (Sewage treatment)

Cost for travel for Sewage treatment installation and consultation

$2,000

$500

$18,000

$4,000

CWC

$22,000

$2,100

$1,400

Gov't

$3,500

ADMINISTRATION Attendance expenses - EHMP

Office Rental

7 meetings, 10 persons, $50 per head (4 from gov't) Equivalent rental @ $500 per month for 48 months

$24,000

Gov't

$24,000

Computers

Equivalent cost of computer usage

$4,000

Gov't

$4,000

Government software

data analysis, etc

$2,000

Gov't

$2,000

General Office Supplies

Office supplies @$200 per month for 48 months

$9,600

Gov't

$9,600

$2,700

$5,400

Gov't

$8,100

$900

$1,800

Gov't

$2,700

$900

$1,800

Gov't

$2,700

UTILITIES (EHM Office) Electricity

$150 per month (18 months GEF, 36 months Gov't) for 48 months

Telephones

$50 per month (18 months GEF, 36 months Gov't) for 48 months

Water

$50 per month (18 months GEF, 36 months Gov't) for 48 months

EQUIPMENT Mooring anchors and buoys

Moorings, buoys and miscellaneous installation equipment for anchorage areas

Deployment System

Submersible Drills and jack-hammers

5,000

Scientific Sampling Equipment

Water quality

$3,000

Laboratory equipment (water quality)

testing and reagents etc

Enforcement and Compliance equipment

Radios, uniforms, training

$1,000

Pump-Out Boat

Specialised boat to receive discharges from yachts

$45,000

Vehicle

Small operations vehicle

$14,000

10,000

$10,000 11,575 BREEF

$16,575

$2,000

Gov't

$5,000

$8,000

Gov't

$8,000

$2,000

Gov't

$3,000

CWC

$50,000

$5,000

$14,000

MAINTENANCE Reception Facility Maintenance

Pump-Out System

$3,000

$2,000

CWC

$5,000

Pump-Out Boat

$1,000

Gov't

$2,000

Deep-well maintenance Moorings and Buoys Maintenance

Replacement ropes, chains, lost buoys, etc

Equipment shipments

Shipping from UK and USA Water quality monitoring

Boat rental Boat running costs - fuel

Vehicle running costs - fuel

Equipment maintenance costs

For Pump-Out boat (first 18 months GEF, remaining 36 months gov't) First 18 months GEF, remaining 36 months gov't Field and lab scientific equipment

$15,000

$1,000

CWC

$16,000

$7,000

$4,000

$2,000

$2,700

$5,400

Gov't

$8,100

$1,800

$3,600

Gov't

$5,400

$1,500

Servicing, spares and repairs

$1,500

Website for project

Website and supportive networking

$2,000

$5,000

ORF

$7,000

Publications for project

Magazines and reports

$1,000

$2,000

Gov't

$3,000

Awareness materials

Video and TV

$3,000

$2,000

Gov't

$5,000

$54,313

Gov't

$54,313

$150,000

Gov't

$150,000

Vehicle maintenance costs PUBLICATIONS AND AWARENESS

SUBCONTRACTS Exuma Cayes Strategic Plan

Gov't Plan for integrated Management looking at wastewater treatment.

Tourism development and sustainability study

Gov't supported study by Commonwealth Secretariat

ELIZABETH HARBOUR Sewage Treatment Analysis and Design Phase

Preliminary design and site survey, analysis, discharge quality requirements Final engineering design survey, collection system, treatment and distribution plans

$21,000

ClearWater Caribbean $3,000 (CWC)

$24,000

$39,500

$7,000

CWC

$46,500

$66,000

$3,500

CWC

$69,500

Trenching

$4,000

$1,000

CWC

$5,000

Pipes/parts

$5,000

$1,000

CWC

$6,000

Local tanks and pad

$20,000

$2,000

CWC

$22,000

Treatment system

$59,500

$2,500

CWC

$62,000

Shipping and rigging

$15,000

$1,000

CWC

$16,000

Deep Well Drilling

$45,000

$2,000

CWC

$47,000

Drip disposal system

$25,000

$3,000

CWC

$28,000

Marine Pump Out System

Marine yacht pump-out system (3 hydrants)

$25,000

$5,000

CWC

$30,000

Training and Consultation

Operator training

$10,000

$7,000

CWC

$17,000

$42,000

CWC

$42,000

Sewage Treatment System Package A

Sewage Treatment System Package B Effluent Disposal System

Treatment system

Replication assistance (to apply lessons to other areas) Consultation for legislative reform Consultation/participation in EHMP Deployment of Mooring System

Site selection and deployment of systems (training) Public Awareness and instructions

$3,000 $2,000

$4,000

$3,000 CWC

$6,000

$10,000

$4,000

BREEF

$14,000

$2,000

BREEF

$4,000

Water quality monitoring

Use of volunteer group to monitor water quality and seabed conditions within harbour and adjacent

Survey of current practices (Discharges and anchoring)

Consultants and Report to Gov't

Development of an Elizabeth Harbour Management Plan

Consultations and strategy

Sustainable funding mechanism

Report to identify funding sources for maintenance of treatment system, Moorings, monitoring and compliance etc

$50,000

CCC

$50,000

$10,000

$7,000

CCC/CWC

$17,000

$10,000

$7,000

Gov't

$17,000

$10,000

$4,000

CWC

$14,000

1 = Non-cash contributions of services and/or support 2 = Actual financial contribution 3 = Name of co-funding donor

A.2.

TOTAL

$579,500

$520,413 $218,775

$1,318,688

SUMMARY BUDGET US$ BUDGET LINE

GEF

US$

OTHER In-Kind

TOTAL

Funds

SALARIES

$50,400

$168,000

$100,800

$319,200

TRAVEL

$20,000

$500

$4,000

$24,500

ADMINISTRATION

$2,100

$39,600

$1,400

$43,100

UTILITIES (EHM Office)

$4,500

$9,000

$13,500

EQUIPMENT

$78,000

$12,000

$16,575

$106,575

MAINTENANCE

$39,500

$4,000

$9,000

$52,500

$6,000

$9,000

$15,000

$379,000

$278,313

$87,000

$744,313

$579,500

$520,413

$218,775

$1,318,688

PUBLICATIONS AND AWARENESS SUBCONTRACTS

TOTALS

ANNEX B:

WORKPLAN

OUTPUT

ACTIVITY

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

1. Project Management and Administration Unit

1.1 Project Management and staff contracted 1.2 Project Office facilities established 1.3 Project Steering Committee meeetings 1.4 Reporting to IWCAM Executing Agencies 1.5 Project Evaluation by IWCAM EA/IAs 2. Establishment of 2.1 Creation and function of EHMP Elizabeth Harbour 2.2 Identification of funding mechanisms for management Management Partnership of Elizabeth Harbour X 2.3 Establishment of an effective monitoring and compliance capacity 2.4 Project role transferred to EHMP 3. Creation of a 3.1 Construction of a pump-out and treatment facility X Wastewater Reception 3.2 Adoption of payment mechanism (user fees) X and Handling Facility 3.3. Establishment of long-term maintenance programme 4. Deployment of 4.1 Selection of sites Moorings and 4.2 Mooring and buoyage deployment Establishment of 4.3 Development of PA and Instructions to Marinas Anchorages 4.4 Long-term maintenance programme 5. Legislation and Policy 5.1 Survey of exisiting practices for discharge and disposal Amendments and X X Allocation of 5.2 Survey of current anchorages and practices X X Responsiblities 5.3 Water Quality Baseline X X 5.4 Development of legislation and enforcement measures

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X 5.5 Establish long-term responsibility and accountability 6. Sustainability and 6.1 Agreement on sustainable funding mechanism and Replication of lessons and political support practices 6.2 Long-term water quality monitoring programme 6.3 Replication and sustainability.financing plan to government

A. Country: B. Project Title:

X X X X X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X

CUBA APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED WATERSHED AND COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS IN A DEMONSTRATIVE AREA AT CIENFUEGOS PROVINCE, CUBA.

C. Executing Body: Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (CEAC). CEAC is a Unit of Environmental Science and Technology that covers Cienfuegos Province. The Centre belongs to the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA). CEAC has experience in management and implementation of environmental projects at the national and international levels; it is a very well certified body in project administration, and will be the main executing entity of the project. Other local and national Agencies will be involved with a cross-sectoral approach. Brief information of CEAC and other Agencies are presented in Annex 1. 42

D. Cost of the project:

GEF Funding: $520 000

Co-Funding: $2 007 018

Cost details are presented in Annex A. E. Linkage to IWCAM GEF Project Priority Demonstrations: This project meets both GEF’s OP9 eligibility and the agreed priorities of the IWCAM Steering Committee through the following objectives: (1): Coastal area management and biodiversity: • Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy. (2): Tourism Development: • Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management). (3): Protection of water supplies: • Environmental monitoring programmes related to water resources, wastewater management and coastal welfare. (4) Land and marine-based sources of pollution: • Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater. • Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes. • Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices.

F. Linkage to Regional and National Priorities and Programmes. Cartagena Convention and its Protocol: The project is closely related to on-going Cuban activities in preparation for conformity to the Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities in the Wider Caribbean (LBS); within which Cienfuegos Bay is one of the most critical coastal zone ecosystems identified within Cuba, and where current and future uses require high water quality standards. At a national scale: The IWCAM project will be inserted in the planning actions of the National Council of Hydrological Basins (CNCH) and in the activities of the National Environmental Program for Selected Bays (PNBS). The project has obvious links with the Soils Conservation and the National Forestry Programs. The project context is also linked with the development and implementation of the Provincial Environment Strategy and Integrated Strategy of Science, Technology and Environment of Cienfuegos Province. G. Name and Post of Government Representatives endorsing the Demonstration Activity. Jorge Luis Fernández Chamero Director Directorate of International Collaboration Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment Representative of Cuba to the GEF Address: Capitolio Nacional, Industria y San José, Habana Vieja, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba Phone: 537 8670606 Fax: 537 338054 Email: chamero@citma.cu H: Project Objectives and Activities: H.i. Background and Baseline: The IWCAM project constitutes one of the most important, necessary and novel concepts in integrated environmental management. Actions are focused on sustainable development of the coastal zones and river basins, while integrating their management as a single geographical and adminstrative entity sharing threats and impacts. Based on this concept, IWCAM requires public participation (including community, scientists, managers, and government) as an essential condition for its effective implementation. In view of the need for this integrative perspective, Cienfuegos Bay and its hydrological system are an appropriate area for application of the IWCAM concept in Cuba, and this area was selected “as a national priority” in the PDF B “hot spot exercise” using the GIWA-based Hot Spot Selection Mechanism. Cienfuegos Bay (and its associated hydrological basin) is located in the South-Central part of Cuba and represents an area that has traditionally suffered from the absence of any integrated environmental management approach. This area extends to some 2 210 km², being one of the biggest hydrological systems in the country. It supports a total population of 270 000 inhabitants, of which 60% live in urban areas, and 40% in rural areas. This represents 2.45% of the total population of the country. Several rivers flow towards the bay forming a complex estuary. The 44

main rivers are Damují, Salado, Arimao and Caunao. These rivers are impacted by several landbased point sources of pollution. Other less extensive river basins are also present, such as the Ingles, Las Calabazas and Manacas creeks, and these all contribute additional significant levels of pollutants to the bay. These land-based sources of pollutants include excessive nutrients (from agricultural and domestic sources), chemicals (industrial and agricultural), suspend sediment, etc. Port and marine activities represent one of the principal multiple uses of the bay. Cienfuegos port is located inside the bay, and is one of the most important ports in the country. Associated activities include the movement of general cargo, export of sugar, tanker movement and coastal traffic, and a well-developed fishing industry. The coastal area of the bay is also important for tourism, in particular for watersports, swimming and sport fishing. Because of its natural characteristics Cienfuegos has become the national centre for watersports in the country, where international events constitute a high percentage of the overall tourism activities. Other important activities within the bay are associated with industry, agriculture and urban development. Importantly, some sectors of the bay are designated as protected areas with high values in marine biodiversity, including waterfowl (e.g. the pink flamingo nursery at Guanaroca). A whole series of environmental problems have arisen in this area as a consequence of industrialization and a rapid, poorly regulated programme of urbanisation starting in the province in the 1970s. This has created additional pressure to that already caused by the existing development of the sugar industry, increasing port activities, and the use of environmentally inappropriate fishing technologies. Increased population growth within the urban centres has also occurred without parallel expansion and improvements to the hydraulic networks and the wastewater treatment systems. Increasing agricultural activities, along with inappropriate and poorly controlled methods of cultivation, have led to depletion of soil fertility and soil erosion. Additionally, there has been insufficient environmental education of decisions-makers and citizens and a lack of community participation in the decision-making process. Decision and policy-making have, to date, been driven primarily by economic interests Some of the main environmental problems emerging from the aforementioned concerns include: • • • • • • •

Increase of wastewater flow (organic and inorganic wastes) into the basins, leading to eutrophication. Increase of soil erosion processes causing excessive areas of sedimentation within watercourses and ultimately within the bay. Loss of soil fertility. Deforestation in rivers fringes and coastal areas. Increase levels of salinity and sediments affecting drinking and irrigation waters. General impacts on natural ecosystems with inherent risks to biodiversity and natural resource accessibility/productivity (e.g fisheries and recreational usage) General threats to human health

Recognition of these environmental problems has caused government and institutions to attempt to develop policies of mitigation. For example, within the National Program for Selected Bays, the Bay of Cienfuegos is considered one of the highest priority national coastal areas for protection. The National Conservation Program of Soils recognises the critical situation regarding soil integrity and preservation within this area. 45

Rapid but sustainable development of tourism within the province is an economic and social priority, but one that is constrained by the poor quality of drinking water. Furthermore, the level of sewage contamination in beach areas represents a health risk to users. On the other hand, the selected area is an interesting case study that provides a good reference site for the country and the region. The successful demonstration of effective mitigation along with the development of an integrated approach to watershed and coastal management would be both nationally and regionally replicable. Since the 1970s, certain environmental actions have been undertaken by the government and related entities with the purpose of diminishing negative impacts in the area. These include the following: •

The quality of the coastal ecosystems in the Greater Caribbean has been evaluated in generally by means of pilot studies on land-based sources of contamination in coastal areas (GEF and UNEP, Heavily Polluted Bays Projects).

•

In the seventies, integrated marine contamination research began in Cuba. The project entitled “Research and Control of Marine Pollution Contamination in the Havana Bay” CUB/80/001(UNDP–UNEP–UNESCO) was implemented, and the experience of this research was applied to diagnose environmental conditions for other strongly polluted coastal areas in Cuba; the outputs of this Project have been applied to Cienfuegos Bay, including some technology transfer. The Project provided “lessons” for the Government and environmental bodies.

•

In the early 1980s, Cuba launched the “National Program on the Environmental Situation within Selected Bays”; Cienfuegos Bay was one of the eight bays selected.

•

From 1992 to 1998, Cuba was represented by Havana Bay, within the framework of two regional projects; these projects were related to the planning and environmental management of strongly polluted bays and coastal zones in the Caribbean Region, and case studies were executed in eight countries. Replication of activities developed in Havana Bay were carried out in Cienfuegos Bay.

The main environmental outputs during these years were as follows: • • • • • •

Diagnosis of the environmental problems in the basin and the bay along with the identification of potential solutions. Execution of a Research Program in the Bay and adjacent coast, including an extensive Monitoring Program. Design of the first Program for Environmental Management of the Bay, linked to the principles of implementation of the Cuban Agenda 21 in the Province (1993). Creation of an Oversight Group (the Provincial Group of the Bay) for the surveillance and mitigation of negative impacts on the ecosystem. In 1994 the Provincial Government approved the legal-technical Regulations for the Sustained Use of the Bay of Cienfuegos. The Management Plan of the Bay was modernized in 1995, based on the policy principles of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) created in 1994. 46

• • •

• •

•

In 1998 the Provincial and Municipal Councils of Hydrologic Basins of Cienfuegos were constituted. In 1999 the Provincial Strategy of Environmental Education (derived from the National Strategy of Environment) was launched In August 2000 the Decree-Law 212 “Administration of the Coastal Area” was approved with the purpose of establishing boundaries and management/protection zones for the sustainable use of the coastal area, according to the principles of Integrated Coastal Zone Management. In 2001, the Plan for the Integrated Management of the Bay of Cienfuegos was completed, along with proposals for actions for management of the bay and its hydrological basin. At the higher environmental education level the University of Cienfuegos currently carries out a Master Degree Program on Science, Technology and Society (2002) and a second one on Integrated Management of Coastal Areas. These programmes develop the concept of integration within graduating professionals, linking natural and social sciences to execute the actions included in IWCAM programs. Throughout this entire period, there has been an increase in social and community participation in coastal and rural environmental issues.

As a result of these actions, the following specific improvements to watershed and coastal management have been initiated: • • • • • • • • • •

Collection of waste and bilge waters from the ships anchored in the port, and sealing of holding tanks before entering the harbour, to avoid discharges. Some reduction of pollutant loading through the decrease in glucose factory waste (one of the biggest point-source discharges of organic waste into the bay) Reduction of black-water and trash residuals and discharges from the “Damuji” Paper Mill, which empties into the Damují River. Construction of a secondary oxidation pond reducing 85% of the domestic organic load (from pig-farms) that was discharged into the bay via the Salado River. Greater control on the operation of sugar mill oxidation ponds that discharge into the Cienfuegos Bay basins. Cleaning and sanitation activities at important beaches Reforestation of mangrove ecosystems. Construction of oxidation ponds for domestic wastewater treatment in the “Junco Sur” community, along with oxidation pond rehabilitation in the communities of “Pueblo Griffo” and “Pastorita”, all of which are positioned near the bay. A modest increase (but still insufficient) of forest area in the basins. Improvement of monitoring activities for water quality in public areas and recreational beaches around the bay.

However, despite the good intentions driving these improvements, the positive nature of these actions is still constrained by uncertainty regarding the ability to maintain let alone build on these advances. This can be summed up as a problem of sustainability with regard to funding (both capital and long-term) and effective human resources.

Alternative Intervention Requirements: Despite the actions taken so far, and the results obtained, an effective integration of mitigating factors and sustainable activities does not exist as yet, mainly due to the lack of a holistic understanding of the study area or of the interactions between the coastal area and the basins. However, the Cienfuegos Province represents an excellent opportunity for the adoption and demonstration of an integrated management and development approach to the basin/watersheds and Cienfuegos Bay as a whole. Planned and proposed future activities, within the environmental, economic and social context, need integrating through the overall concept of IWCAM. This approach needs to develop proper public participation, along with an integrated planning and management strategy and infrastructure in order to decrease conflicts among users, and to improve the protection of environmental resources. Tourist activities, which are central to the government’s plans for sustainable development within the Province, require the maintenance of good water quality, which in turn must be maintained through the application of proper controls over tourism development linked into the IWCAM concept. Clearly two of the highest priorities within the Cienfuegos Bay watershed area are Water Resource and Supply Management and Soil Management and Conservation. Furthermore, there is also an urgent need to improve Education and Awareness at all levels regarding watershed issues, and to develop a stronger Cross-sectoral Stakeholder Capacity for watershed management. In this context, some of the activities that the Integrated Provincial Strategy of Science, Technology and Environment proposes, and which need to be develop within a more coordinated and integrated approach to basin/bay management include: A. Water Supply Management, Pollution Mitigation and Environmental Monitoring

• • • • • • •

Improve drinking water quality and supply integrated with a sanitary program for the protection of water resources. Develop and maintain control procedures for those activities that impact on water quality in the bay (including physical-chemical and bacteriological monitoring and other significant environmental indicators, especially biological monitoring). Develop some definitive solutions for wastewater treatment and design a programme of replication throughout the Bay/Basin system. Develop control, attenuation and systematic supervision of the main land-based point sources of pollutants to the basins and the bay. Develop effective programmes for water conservation and recycling including the Identification and introduction of clean technologies. Identify the fragile ecosystems that are most threatened by inappropriate activities Develop basin-wide approaches to the sustainable use of natural resources

B. Soil Management and Conservation • •

Develop and promote sustainable agriculture with wide stakeholder participation. Stimulate the development of best agricultural practices in the bay basins, taking into account the relation of soil conditions to crop choice, with the emphasis on soil conservation and fertility (including reforestation as a conservation measure).

• • •

Implement measures to reduce soil erosion, particularly in mountain areas, north of “Cumanayagua”, “Cruces”, “Palmira”, “Cienfuegos” and “Rodas” Municipalities. Promote wastewater and solids waste reuse in the agricultural sector Encourage sustainable forest production and reforestation of fragile ecosystems, including the rehabilitation and conservation of mangroves and coastal vegetation.

C. Environmental Education, Capacity Building and Community Work • • • • • • •

Implement capacity building programs and training activities of IWCAM in the Province. Motivate awareness of professionals, technicians, and other workers involved in IWCAM related issues. Promote the surveillance of natural resources, (e.g. reinforcement of the working capacity and administration of the Forest Rangers Corp in the territory) Promote reform and implementation of new legislation relevant to IWCAM (e.g. fishing regulations for commercial uses, watersport activities to support tourism development, sustainable use of natural resources in the bay). Stimulate a viable program of environmental education with residents of forest areas and fragile ecosystems. Encourage the design of community projects that increase environmental knowledge and community participation. Emphasis should be placed on creating new economic values within the watershed and coastal areas. Create links between elementary schools and community participation.

In order for the above initiatives and actions to be effective and integrated, it will be necessary to develop a participatory management body within the basin/bay complex. Such a Basin Authority would have responsibility for meeting the following objectives and for integrating the relevant activities and outputs under an overall IWCAM strategy. These outputs are elaborated further as specific activities under the Work Plan in Annex B. Objectives and Components of an IWCAM Strategy for Cienfuegos Bay. Main objective: Demonstrate the benefits of application of the IWCAM concepts for an effective management of watershed and coastal areas (IWCAM) in Cienfuegos Bay basin. Strategy Components: The following is a list of the components of an effective management process necessary to promote IWCAM and improve on the existing (Baseline) situation to reach the objectives of the project (see Annex B for details of actual activities and outputs). 1. Establishment of a local Basin/Bay Authority for IWCAM that would benefit tourism activities, protect natural resources and provide a better quality of life to the population (e.g. health, economy, water supply, water quality, etc). Parallel establishment of sustainable funding for the Authority and its responsibilities. Development of a mechanism within and through the Authority to transfer best lessons and practices to other areas, communities and institutions. 49

2. Establishment of a Water Quality Monitoring Program covering the Cienfuegos Bay area and related watershed(s). This Program should be represented within the structure of the Basin/Bay Authority for IWCAM in order to assure that the data collected and analyzed provides a better knowledge and understanding of the environmental situation, and are therefore ultimately in the decision-making process. 3. Establishment of demonstration pilot area(s) for implementing best forest practices including reforestation in mountains and river fringes for a better understanding of sustainable development (reforestation training centres). 4. Establishment of demonstration pilot area(s) for implementing best agricultural practices for increasing soil conservation and improving soil management, better management of wastes from agricultural practices (e.g. as compost production), while reducing the impacts of agricultural chemicals within the Bay (agricultural training centres). 5. Establishment of a demonstration pilot area (targeting a sugar mill) for implementing a program to diminish water consumption, with the reuse of wastewater in sugar cane irrigation and other process wastes (e.g. harvest residues and organic waste). 6. Development and strengthening of domestic wastewater management in the watershed and coastal areas (IWCAM); with special focus on the inventory of land-based sources of pollution, the evaluation of wastewater loads, the identification of appropriate technologies, and best treatment options and costs. 7. Establishment of a public awareness and capacity building Program within IWCAM concepts. These seven components encapsulate the requirements for the better sustainable use of resources within the Cienfuegos Bay and its basins, and provides demonstrations of how these requirements can be achieved while promoting sustainable development, through an integrated process of management. It is proposed that all seven components be considered as an integral approach but that the actual GEF funding should concentrate on components 1 through 5. Component 1 will provide the overall coordination and integration of all activities, component 2 will provide essential baseline information for decision-making and to monitor the effectiveness of the demo outputs, components 3-5 will provide both concrete demonstrations which deliver replicable results, while also testing and refining the overall model for the Authority within the integration concept. Co-funding will be identified for Components 6 and 7 (although some elements of the capacity building needs may be covered by GEF where it applies to Components 3-5) H.iii. End-of Project Landscape: By the end of the project, which is expected to last at least 4 years, the following improvements to the integration of watershed and coastal area management within Cienfuegos Province can be expected:

1. The Local Authority will be fully functional and effective and will be tackling and changing the main root causes of environmental conflict in the area. Expected outcomes would include an improvement of the inadequate and fragmented environmental and natural resources policies, best legal and institutional mechanisms for integrated and responsible participation of actors, control of technical intervention for environmental management and investments, improvements in knowledge and capability of local stakeholders on IWCAM concepts, improvements in the sustainable management of tourism activities, among others. The Integrated Monitoring Programme outputs are being used to develop an increasing understanding of the problems, and to improve the process of decision-making. National and Regional collaboration will be developed and linked to other similar structures. The Authority will have achieved sustainability and will have developed mechanisms for transferring its best lessons on a national basis. 2. An Integrated Monitoring Programme, actively linked to the Local Authority and the decision-making process, is fully established. IWCAM issues are being addressed with a better collaboration and coordination among all stakeholders. Data collection and evaluation is organized, and access is available for the Local Authority and other relevant stakeholders through a functional GIS system. The relevant laboratories and institutes have better practices and capacities. Analytic instrumentation is increased, and services to other areas are implemented. Training may be available to other SIDS members in specific analytical themes as requested. 3. Demonstration areas of best land-use and management practices in the agricultural and forest sectors are implemented. There are ongoing training activities. Replication of subproject activities at community level gives new environmental knowledge to workers, increasing production, working sites and environment protection in fragile ecosystems areas linked with IWCAM concepts. Regional collaboration in the pilot areas with other SIDS members of the GEF IWCAM project will be established. 4. The demonstrative pilot project in “Guillermo Moncada” sugar mill is implemented. Water consumption is diminished and recycling is a permanent feature. Sugar plantations are irrigated with sugar cane wastewater with a program on water quality for irrigation and soil conservation. Bio-solids are conserved and applied in the field. A methodological document “Guidelines for better environmental practices in the agro-industrial sugar sector” is finished and delivered to other Cuban enterprises. There is an English version ready to be distributed to other Caribbean SIDS involved in sugar production. The environmental education of workers at every level is an on-going and systematic process. 5. A significant strengthening of wastewater management is achieved. The Local IWCAM Authority and linked institutions have a complete and updated inventory of point sources of pollution in the area along with an evaluation of contaminants loads. A methodological document on appropriate technology and best wastewater treatment options is disseminated to institutions and decision-makers. Guidelines for marine outfall structures for Cuban small and medium-sized coastal communities are finished (such a report could also make a useful contribution to the Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region). A Report on the alternative evaluation of wastewater treatment for the main point sources of pollution, their possible reuse and cost 51

analysis, and a Master Plan for wastewater management in Cienfuegos City is completed. An environmental investment Program is ongoing. Main methodological documents are disseminated to SIDS countries as Regional activities. 6. The establishment of public awareness and capacity building programmes addressing IWCAM concepts is increasing environmental knowledge within targeted sectors. Communities lying in the most fragile ecosystems have a better understanding of negative processes and know how to reverse root causes of different environmental problems. The professional sector at the University of Cienfuegos is supporting better capacity building through the Master and PhD Program linked to IWCAM concepts. Regional outputs are disseminated to other SIDS. The national environmental benefits resulting from this â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;end-of-projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, altered landscape are clear. A more integrated approach to watershed and coastal management will exist within the Cienfuegos Province, centred around a provincial authority which will have participatory management mechanisms targeting community involvement. Best practices will have been demonstrated in critical areas of concern (agriculture, waste reduction, recycling, soil conservation, etc) through a sustainable management infrastructure. Many of these issues are common to other Caribbean SIDS hotspots. Both the individual lessons as well as the experiences gained in the development and management of the Authority will be transferable through the other IWCAM partner countries, using mechanisms develop and implemented through the main regional project I. Project Management Structures and Accountability: At the early stage of the project a Provincial Steering Committee that has already been created on behalf of the project in 2003 will continue to manage the project. The SC-GEF-Cienfuegos is under the direction of the Director of the Centre of Environmental Studies (CEAC) of Cienfuegos. Local accountable work will be done by the Economic Department of CEAC. The Focal Point of GEF in Cuba, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) will undertake national control on activities and accountable work. Technical activities will be controlled by the National Steering Committee of the GEF-PDF-2 represented by the Centre of Information, Management and Environmental Education (CIGEA) represented by its National Coordinator. The management structure and accountability of the project is presented in an Organigram in Annex F. Once the Local Authority has been established, it will be integrated into the Project Management Structure with a key role on the development of the project. The President of the Local Authority will be a Vice-President of the Provincial Government and the Secretariat of the Local Authority will be the head of the SC-GEF-Cienfuegos the Director of (CEAC). The members of the SC-GEFCienfuegos will be part of the Local Authority as its Technical Group. At the end of the project the Local Authority and its Technical Group will be leading the Project Management Structure and will be in charge of the sustainability of the project activities.

J. Stakeholders and beneficiaries. The list of stakeholders and beneficiaries is large due to the integration of the more prominent institutions linked to environmental issues and IWCAM in Cienfuegos Province. Some national institutions have also been involved since the beginning of the development of the regional GEF IWCAM Project, and have been represented on the National Steering Committee of the GEF-PDF2. Negative impacts by the project are minimal and represented by allocation of investment in an overall negative economic situation in the country. The number of main institutions involved is over 50 when taking into consideration national institutional representation on the Committee. However, it is this same representation which will ensure the capture of stakeholder interests and benefits, and which will allow for the early identification of any unforeseen negative impacts to stakeholders as a result of project activities. Communities in the project area will be the main target beneficiaries through improvements to their quality of life, and through new job opportunities. The project will create new roles and leadership needs in environmental issues. Community health will also be improved through linkages to better wastewater management. New production and incomes will increase, especially those associated with new tourism development, along with improved social–cultural relationships. Stakeholders and Beneficiaries are listed in Annex G. K. Long-term Sustainability Strategy. The project is included in the National Environmental Strategy program, and has a high level of priority. The National Council on Hydrologic Basins had selected many of the IWCAM activities as a main objective. All the project objectives are also included in the principal environmental goals to be achieved in the near future by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA), the principal Cuban environmental authority. The actual and future existence of long-term Government political will to support the sustainability of the project has been proved in the last years in Cienfuegos Province, where environmental investment is equivalent to more than 20% of the National Plan. This outcome gives some confidence in the support of the Government to the project after its lifetime. The long-term funding sources for sustainability and responsibility inevitably have to be defined and confirmed during the lifetime of the Demonstration Project, and as one of its outputs. This is identified under Component 1 of the Demonstration Project. However, there are a number of clear potential sources which could be exploited as follows. • • • • • • •

Revenues from taxes on port and maritime activities within Cienfuegos Bay. New financial outcomes from scientific/technical services and academic services with local, national and regional impact. Local and national Government environmental funding. Funding assigned to territorial, branch and national scientific-technical programs by CITMA Funds from international agencies. Funds from the National Fund of Environment. Fund from the Forest State Service. 53

• • • •

Funds from the National Program of Soils Conservation Funds from the National Institute of Hydraulic Resources Funds from the Ministry of Education Other funds linked with the industry sector involved in the reduction of pollutant load to the environment.

The Local IWCAM Authority will administer part of these funds through new mechanisms and agreements. Some of these sources of funds will in fact be acting as co-funders and donors in the project. The majority of them have a legal obligation toward environmental protection established by law. Annex 4 gives more information on this item. L: Replicability. All the specific components were carefully selected with a maximum potential for replicability, taking into account the “hot spot” study done before the Steering Committee selected Cienfuegos as a national target area for an IWCAM Demonstration. The project will adapt new technologies for wastewater treatment and reuse (especially recycling of agricultural wastes and reduction in agricultural water usage), as well as adopting or developing new approaches to agriculture. In terms of replicability the project will have considerable potential for training and knowledge transfer. It is expected to involve people from different “hot spot” basins. The project will also take advantage of other adapted methodologies generated by the IWCAM project throughout the rest of the Caribbean related to water quality monitoring, community work, practical use of sustainable agriculture and reforestation, administration, etc. In return it will generate replicable lessons and practices for other Caribbean and non-Caribbean SIDS within the context of IWCAM. Training and some workshops will be open to those countries that wish to be included. The main methodologies will be documented and will be translated into English and Spanish, and disseminated in a regional context through mechanisms within the Full IWCAM Regional Project. The possibility of replication is sustainable because the results of the project cover areas of significant community interest throughout the country, and include all of the socio- economic productive sectors. Furthermore, one of the defined functions and responsibilities of the newly-evolved Bay/Basin Authority will be to capture best lessons (from within and outside the country) and to transfer and apply these in relevant areas and situations both within the Cienfuegos Province and throughout Cuba. M: Monitoring and Evaluation Process. The implementation of the project activities will be carried out during project execution using the “Project Management Structures” (see Component 1, and Annex 2 - Project Management Structure and Accountability). The project has different monitoring levels with specific tasks. The Provincial Steering Committee (PSC), with CEAC as the lead institution, will function as the main coordinator and control body. The PSC will adopt a set of project monitoring indicators as one of its first functions within the project implementation phase. Measurable success indicators will be evolved from the list of 6 which are presented in the End-of-Project Landscape in Section H.(iii) above. These will be reviewed and approved by the Steering Committee and submitted to the Executing 54

Agencies as part of the 1st Quarterly Report. Quantitative and qualitative indicators will be established for monitoring the progress of the work plan, and for monitoring the impacts from within the environment, and upon the project’s beneficiaries. Project accountability work will be done by the Economic Department of CEAC. The project will use the UNDP Handbook for Programme Managers - Results-Oriented Monitoring and Evaluation to assist in the design of a monitoring process. It is hoped that the UNDP Country Office will provide support to the project in the development of a workable and effective project monitoring and evaluation strategy. The PSC will produce brief Quarterly Project Reports which will define the status of the project and will review the workplan as necessary. The NSC will act as an element of supervision and will visit the project and its components as required so as to confirm the status. Once every year a detailed report will be submitted through the Steering Committee to the Executing Agencies. This report will provide a full review of the workplan to identify project achievements and deliveries versus the approved schedule, budget expenditures, recommendations with respect to any amendments to workplan and budget, staff contracting and performance, and any other information required by the Steering Committee and/or the Executing Agencies. After the implementation of the Local Authority this body will integrate the Monitoring and Evaluation Process.

At the National level the National Steering Committee (NSC), where the Centre of Information, Management and Environmental Education (CIGEA) is the lead institution, will be acting in the technical control of the activities of all sub-projects. A revision of outcomes from the work plan will be the main task of the NSC as well as the systematic evaluation of the set of ongoing project indicators. Planning of the activities between the PSC and the NSC will be an important issue to agree and adopt at the start of the project. A double check of accountability will be also done at this level. The Focal Point of GEF in Cuba, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA), will be the third level of project monitoring, creating an open floor for the analysis of ongoing activities and working relations between the NSC and the PSC. Some of the monitoring work plans conceived at this point, and which will be developed with clear indicators during the opening phase of the project, will include: • • • • • • • •

Project Administration Project Coordination within the overall project work plan Project Execution (by Component) Timely completion of project work plan schedules Analysis of outcomes by the PSC and the NSC Level of the beneficiary satisfaction. Use of the resources assigned in correspondence with the quantities foreseen for each phase of the project according to the work plan activities (accountability) The analysis of the sustainability and socio-economic success with respect to the environmental goals of the project

The GEF Implementing Agencies will also undertake their own Monitoring and Evaluation of the Demonstration Project through the overall Regional project’s review process. N: Co-funding. Most of the project co-funding will be coming from existing national institutions with responsibilities for specific activities and deliverables identified within the project components. However, the Cuban Government will be exploring other potential sources of co-funding, especially from relevant UN agencies. As mentioned in Section K above, the current and continued existence of Government political will to support the sustainability of the project is the key element for Cuban project co-funding. This commitment will be demonstrated through the government’s intention to commit co-funding to the GEF and non-GEF components and activities. Total Cuban Co-funding to the project (not including ‘in-kind’ contributions) has been estimated to be $649,000 over the lifetime of the activities (see Annex A.1 and Annex A.2 details). The Cuban In-kind contribution is a difficult task to be calculated but in a general sense the cofunding corresponds to human resource salaries within the project, and to associated facilities such as laboratories. Other in-kind components are: transport, documentation, computers and other electronic mediums, use of equipment, energy costs, communication facilities and construction that are already in existence. It is important to note that the broad scope of the project means that a large number of specialist and workers will be involved in project activities and their time and salaries will be effectively contributed by Cuban institutions. In this regard, the overall national in-kind contribution is estimated to be $1 358 018, while salaries are estimated to be $ 895 291. Therefore, the overall total Cuban co-funding will be in the region $2.1 million. Cuban Co-funding linked with project components (thousands of $). N.B. This does not include ‘in-kind’ contributions to the project itself Co-funding Institutions Component Local & National Government 1-7 Environmental Funding CITMA-assigned funds (e.g. 1-7 national scientific programs) National Environment Fund 1-7 Forest State Service Fund 3 Ministry of Agriculture (National 4 Soil Conservation Program) Ministry of Sugar Cane Industry 5 Totals ($)

Year(1) 10

Year(2) Year(3) Year(4) Year(5) 20 20 20 20

20 20 20

40 20 20

40 20 30

28 23 21

20 10 10

40 110

40 163

20 150

16 128

10 90

Other funds from different Cuban Co-funding Institutions are in the process of clarification and will be directed to wastewater treatment and recycling in order to diminish organic and nutrient loads to the Bay. These activities have been estimated in $50 000 for the overall lifetime of the project.

International Co-funding The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), IAEA-MEL, has developed an eligible cofunding activity during 2002-2003 in Cienfuegos Bay. This emergency project was launched after an accidental industrial spill of inorganic arsenic to the Bay. The project was directed to strengthening the analytical capacity of CEAC in monitoring of arsenic and other metals in water, sediments and biological materials. The main assistance was given through the acquisition of an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer including components, spare parts and miscellaneous to detect traces of metals in selected matrices. IAEA Co-funding was $92,000. Cuban funding and in-kind contributions were in the order of $90,000. This equipment is essential for the determination of metal contamination in the project area and is now being fully utilised. A new project between IAEA-MEL and CEAC has been proposed and it is expected to be launched in 2005-2006. The project focuses on the continuous strengthening of the analytical capacity of CEAC, and the development of an integral set up of biological indicators for metal contamination in marine waters. The budget of the project has been estimated by IAEA to be $196,000, with Cuban funding of an additional sum around $250,000. Cuba is working in a project proposal to UNEP on Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) in Cienfuegos City. It is hoped that UNEP will assist in identifying a donor sometime in 2004. This new initiative will have important benefits in relation to the control and management of chemicals in the industrial sector around the Bay. The funds required are estimated to be around $174,000. The UNDP National Office in Havana will also be contacted in order to explore their interest in cofunding some of the activities which will take place under components 2, 6 and 7. The Cuban Executing Agency will take actions in order to find new international donors during 2004. LIST OF ANNEXES: Annex A: Budget (A.1. Detailed Budget, A.2. Summary Budget by Component) Annex B: Workplan Annex C: Letter of Endorsement Annex D: Letter(s) of Co-funding Commitment Annex E: Description of Project Executive Body and other involved Institutions Annex F: Project Management Structure and Accountability Annex G: List of Beneficiaries Annex H: Strategy for Financial Sustainability

ANNEX A: BUDGET A.1. DETAILED BUDGET BUDGET LINE SALARIES Management Team Local Authority National Professionals and Technicians Others workers TRAVELS International training on GIS WORSHOPS National Workshops on project advances and outputs ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION Communication Reporting and translation Offices, classrooms and meeting rooms accommodation Gas and power supply Gasoline and oil Expendables Maintenance Scientific information Training Training activities

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

US $ GEF

US $ OTHER In-Kind ¹ Funds²

US $ TOTAL Donor³

48 month at $420/month (75%) 48 month at $420/month (100%) 48 month at $350/month (75%)

48 720 100 800 655 531

Gov Gov Gov

48 720 100 800 655 531

48 month at different salaries (75%)

90 240

Gov

90 240

3 000

Gov

12000

Cost of travel to Canada and DSA for 3 participants

9 000

3 Workshops during project life including the participation of others IWCAM project members and GEF

8 000

10 000

Gov

28 000

Telephone, fax, email, internet, courier Reporting of project outputs and English translation Furniture’s, Audio- Visual and others materials

4 000 7 000 15 000

2 000 2 000 11 000

500 2 000 4 200

Gov Gov Gov

6 500 11 000 30 200

3 200

Gov

2 000 3 000

Gov Gov

3 200 5 000 6 000 9 000

Gov

37 000

Offices, laboratories and training Centers Project transports Offices materials Cars and equipments Set up of an information service for the project at Cienfuegos University

5 000 4 000 6 000 5 000

22 000

10 000

12 000

10 000

Misc. training activities on project component.

Gov

32 000

BUDGET LINE

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

US $ GEF

Headquarter for Local IWCAM Authority

The office of the Local IWCAM will be provided by the Goverment. GEF funds will be used in materials for reparation and purchasing of equipments.

8 000

1 small truck (4WD), Van for 12 persons, motorcycle with sidecar, 2 motorcycle Boats for the Local Authority and Forest Ranger Corp GPS, Digital Camera, communication, monitoring equipments, others GIS components. Computers, scanner, plotter, photocopier, digitizer and printer for GIS and office. GIS and others technical software’s Air conditioners and refrigerators for offices, laboratories and classroom.

46 500

25 000

50 000

25 000 30 000

43 227

5 000

12 000

Reposition of old lab equipment and sampling devices

8 000

EQUIPMENT Land transportation Maritime transportation GIS equipments Computers and others electronics Software Air conditioners and refrigeration Lab equipments MICELLANEOUS Reagents, glassware, miscellaneous Spare parts SUBCONTRACTS Wastewater Irrigation system (Sugar factory) Compost (process and application system) Water consumption (Sugar Factory) Forest farms in Cienfuegos Basin

US $ OTHER In-Kind ¹ Funds² 60 000 10 000

US $ TOTAL Donor³ Gov

78 000

Gov

71 500

8 500 7 150

Gov Gov

83 500 32 150

11 350

Gov

84 577

Gov

17 000

891

Gov.

7 391

12 000

20 000

Gov

40 000

12 000 5 000

12 000 6 500

5 109

Gov Gov

24 000 16 609

50 000

Gov

150 000

25 000

35 000

25 000

Gov

85 000

20 000

10 000

30 000

6 500

Lab materials Lab materials Design, construction and implementation of the wastewater irrigation system (Ministry of the Sugar Industry). Guidelines for better environmental practices in the agro industrial sugar sector. Design, construction and implementation of the compost system (Ministry of the Sugar Industry) Diagnosis of water management in the sugar factory, implementation of measures for diminish water consumption (Ministry of the Sugar Industry) Design, construction and implementation of the forest farms (Ministry of Agriculture)

10 000 30 000

Gov Gov

50 000 70 000

BUDGET LINE

Reforestation in mountains and rivers fringes Agro-Ecological and organic farm (best agricultural practices) River banks restoration project Laboratories: Quality Control Program Monitoring of drinking water Water quality monitoring in Cienfuegos Basin Guidelines: Appropriate Technology and best wastewater treatment options Guidelines: Marine outfalls structures for Cuban small and medium sized communities Public Awareness and capacity building Programs Publications and propaganda

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

US $ GEF

US $ OTHER In-Kind ¹ Funds²

US $ TOTAL Donor³

Selection of area to be reforested. Design and implementation of reforestation activities. Design, construction and implementation of the pilot areas for best agricultural practices. (Ministry of Agriculture) Design, construction and implementation of river banks restoration project (Ministry of Agriculture) Implementation of a Quality Control Program in the laboratories of the project Design an implementation of a bacteriological monitoring program in Cienfuegos City (Ministry of Health CPH-Cienfuegos) Design an implementation of a water quality monitoring program in Cienfuegos Basin (National Institute of Hydraulic Resources Cienfuegosdelegation) Guidelines (CITMA.-GCIGEA and CIMAB)

20 000

10 000

30 000

Gov

60 000

50 000

10 000

60 000

Gov

120 000

10 000

20 000

Gov

40 000

5 000 7 000

8 000 12 000

5 000 12 000

Gov Gov

18 000 31 000

7 000

10 000

Gov

27 000

5 000

20 000

Gov

30 000

Guidelines (CITMA-CIGEA and CIMAB)

3 000

10 000

Gov

16 000

Gov

34 000

Gov

21 209

Public Awareness and capacity building Programs on Components (1,3,4 and 5). University of Cienfuegos. Publications and propaganda to reverse root causes and promote a better understanding of IWCAM concepts. University of Cienfuegos and others collaborating institutions.

7 000

27 000

14 209

BUDGET LINE

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

Implementation of small IWCAM project on components 1-7

Environment Agency and other co-funding Agencies will gives funds to selected small project. Selection will be done by the Local Authority and CEAC.

INTERNATIONAL COFUNDING IAEA-MEL (not include in Summary budget)

US $ GEF

US $ OTHER In-Kind ¹ Funds² 164 891

20 000

Total

40 000

520 000 1 358018 649 000

1 = Non cash contributions of services and/or support 2 = Actual financial contribution 3 = Name of co-funding donor

Donor³ Gov

184 891

IAEA Gov

182 000

Gov

60 000

20 000

Strengthen the analytical capacity in the detection of metals, especially AS, l of CEAC. Equipment: AAS with graphite furnace and hydride kit, chemicals, spare parts and miscellaneous. The project finish on December 2003

CONTINGENCY

US $ TOTAL

2527018

A. 2. SUMMARY BUDGET BY COMPONENT COMPONENTS COMPONENT 1 COMPONENT 2 COMPONENT 3 COMPONENT 4

GEF FUNDING 145000 67000 61500 76500

OTHER FUNDS 324027 444701 151404 159244

TOTAL 469027 511701 212904 235744

COMPONENT 5 COMPONENT 6 COMPONENT 7

96500 30 000 43 500

339160 206424 382058

435660 236424 425558

TOTAL

520000

2 007018

2 527018

Note: Component 2 doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t include IAEA-MEL project co-funding (2002-2003); $ 92000 IAEA-MEL and $90000 from Cuba.

ANNEX B:

COMPONENT Establishment of the Local Authority for IWCAM

WORKPLAN

ACTIVITY-OUTPUTS Constitution of the Local Authority and preparation of the working place Elaboration of the Working Program and integration within the project Revision of in-force legislation on watershed and coastal area including new pr linked to IWCAM concepts. Revision of the actual environmental program of Cienfuegos Bay including new regarding IWCAM concepts. Establishment of GIS as a tool for decision-making in the IWCAM. Technical improvement of communications and water transport for the Forest Corp as a tool for coastal area protection.

COMPONENT

ACTIVITY-OUTPUTS Elaboration of Guidelines on Local Authority mission and functions Workshops on lessons learned with other Cubans territories and interested countries. Establishment of a Water Training and establishment of a quality control plan for laboratories Quality Implementation of the Water Quality Monitoring Program. Evaluation of resul Monitoring Program elaboration of outputs with permanent contact with the Local Authority. Elaboration of the Guidelines for monitoring of fresh and marine waters National/Regional Workshop on Water Quality Monitoring Programs within IW concepts (lesson learned during the project activities). Design and construction of four demonstration areas for best forest practices mountain areas and two in flat areas near rivers fringes). Implement a training program with the nearest community trying to implem reliability of the objective Training on the job to workers interested in the project Establishment of demonstration Elaboration of a guidelines manual for the replication of the farms in other Cuba pilot areas for implementing and also for others SIDS countries. best forest practices Reforestation in mountains and river fringes Design and construction of two demonstration areas for best agricultural practices, organic agricultural farms (one in a mountain area and one in a flat area near a river frin Implement a training program with the nearest community trying to implem reliability of the objective. Establishment of demonstration Training on the job to workers interested in the project pilot areas for implementing best agricultural practices

Establishment of a demonstration pilot (targeting a sugar mill) for implementing a program to diminish water consumption, with the reuse of wastewater in sugar cane irrigation and other process waste. Development and strengthening domestic wastewater management in the watershed and coastal areas (IWCAM)

Elaboration of a guidelines manual for the replication of the agriculture farms Cuban areas and also for others SIDS countries. Design the main components taking into account a mass balance of product reuse, as wastewater and bio-solid. Analysis of water consumption per ton. of sugar cane processed with identification of measures to be undertaken to diminish the uses of water Implementation of activities in the 3 target objectives (reduction of water cons wastewater irrigation, and production and application of bio-solid in sug plantation). Elaboration of a methodological document â&#x20AC;&#x153;Guidelines for a better enviro practices in the agro-industrial sugar sectorâ&#x20AC;? and delivery to others Cuban ent and elaboration of a version in English for others Caribbean SIDS countries Implement a program of environmental education at all levels in the indus Survey of point source of pollution and estimation of loads discharges. Inventory of Point sources of pollution. Wastewater characterization Estimation of polluting load. Final report on the pollution inventory and loads of land - based pollution sourc Design and implementation of a database system for point sources of pollution. Assessment of alternatives on wastewater treatment and reuse for main point s pollution. Elaboration of Guidelines for alternatives of domestic wastewater treatment

COMPONENT

ACTIVITY-OUTPUTS Elaboration of Guidelines for submarine outfall structures for Cuban small and medi coastal communities Report on the alternatives evaluation of wastewater treatment for the main point s pollution, their possible reuse and cost analysis. Elaboration of a Master Plan for wastewater management and treat Cienfuegos City. Recompilation and analysis of technical information sewerage system and wastewater treatment plant Complete compressive technical survey of the sewerage system and wa plants; including the revision of old and new projects in the system. Present an integrated technical document as a Master Plan for domestic wa management and treatment in Cienfuegos City. Elaboration of guideline for the design of the Master Plan for domestic wa management and treatment. Investment actions: identification of donors and Government contrib find financial resources for pollutant loads in a five-year program.

Present a Reduction Pollutant Load Strategy Programme, using most app technology, for reduction of ecosystem contamination from main point so pollution, of the hydrological basins and the bay, in a five-year period. Held concomitant meetings, at precise levels, to find donors and Gov contribution for wastewater treatment or reuse to priority target point so pollution Implementation of the Programme Establishment of a demonstrative research area for implementation of IWCAM concepts in the community. Guidelines for community work and community base resource management Establishment of a public Elaboration of Guidelines for community work inside the IWCAM. awareness and capacity Implement Programs of Master and Doctorate with regional impact in building Program within IWCAM professional capacities for the IWCAM. concepts. Establishment a Training Program on environmental education related to IW different levels of the society Establishment an Environmental Education Program, within the concepts IWCAM, for promoting awareness an capacitating of tourism sector and makers.

ANNEX C:

LETTER OF ENDORSEMENT La Habana, 13 de enero del 2004 DCI / 82

N. O.

Dr. Nelson Andrade Regional Coordinator, CEP/RCU UNEP, Kingston Dear Mr. Andrade, I wish to acknowledge the support of the Government of Cuba to the proposed Demonstration Project entitled “Application of Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management Concepts in Demonstrative Area at Cienfuegos Province, Cuba”. At the national level, the Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (CEAC) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA), will execute this project. I would like to inform you that the total estimated financing needed for this project would be $2 527 018 USD. I hereby confirm that the Government of Cuba agrees to provide a co-financing in the amount of $ 2 007 018 USD, as specified in the attached proposal. I would request your cooperation in order to include this project proposal as one of the activities of the regional project UNEP/UNDP/GEF/CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLANDS – INTEGRATED WATERSHED AND COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT PROJECT. Sincerely,

Lic. Jorge Luis Fernández Chamero Director International Cooperation Department Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment National GEF Focal Point

ANNEX D:

LETTERS OF COMMITMENT FROM OTHER CO-FUNDERS

UNEP/UNDP/GEF/CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLANDS – INTEGRATED WATERSHED AND COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT PROJECT Letter of Co-funding Commitment for Demonstration Project Nelson Andrade Regional Coordinator, UNEP Kingston Dear Mr. Andrade, As representative of the Directorate of Programs and Projects of the Environment Agency (AMA) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) I wish to acknowledge our formal intention and commitment to support for the proposed Demonstration Project entitled “Application of Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management Concepts in Demonstrative Area at Cienfuegos Province, Cuba”. The Project will be executed by the Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (CEAC) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA). The proposed funding which we intend to commit to this project is a sum of $83 000 to actual cash input to activities and $365 810 as “in-kind”. This will be provided as specified in the attached foregoing proposal. Signed: Dra. María Elena Rodríguez Fuentes Position: Director Directorate of Programs and Projects Environment Agency CITMA Address: Calle 18ª No. 4114 Entre 41 y 47, Playa Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba Phone: 537 202 5546 Fax: 537 204 0852 Email: melena@ama.cu

Date: 12/01/04

UNEP/UNDP/GEF/CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLANDS – INTEGRATED WATERSHED AND COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT PROJECT Letter of Co-funding Commitment for Demonstration Project Nelson Andrade Regional Coordinator UNEP Kingston Dear Mr. Andrade, As representative of Institute of Soils from Ministry of Agriculture I wish to acknowledge our formal intention and commitment to support for the proposed Demonstration Project entitled “Application of Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management Concepts in Demonstrative Area at Cienfuegos Province, Cuba”. The Project will be executed by the Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (CEAC) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA). The proposed funding which we intend to commit to this project (Component 3-Soils) is a sum of $166 244 corresponding $111 000 to actual cash input to activities and $55 244 as “in-kind”. This will be provided as specified in the attached foregoing proposal. Signed: Dr. Abilio Cardenas

Date: 08/12/2003

Position: Director Institute of Soils Ministry of Agriculture

UNEP/UNDP/GEF/CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLANDS – INTEGRATED WATERSHED AND COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT PROJECT

Letter of Co-funding Commitment for Demonstration Project Nelson Andrade Regional Coordinator UNEP Kingston Dear Mr. Andrade, As representative of Forest State Service from the Ministry of Agriculture I wish to acknowledge our formal intention and commitment to support for the proposed Demonstration Project entitled “Application of Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management Concepts in Demonstrative Area at Cienfuegos Province, Cuba”. The Project will be executed by the Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (CEAC) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA). The proposed funding which we intend to commit to this project (Component 3-Forest) is a sum of $157 404 corresponding $93 000 to actual cash input to activities and $64 404 as “in-kind”. This will be provided as specified in the attached foregoing proposal. Signed: Eng. Elias Linares Landa

Date: 12/12/2003

Position: Director Forest State Service Fund Ministry of Agriculture Address: Independencia y Conill, Plaza, C. Habana, Cuba Tel: 537 881 7875 Fax: 537 881 7875 Email: elias@enet.cu

UNEP/UNDP/GEF/CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLANDS – INTEGRATED WATERSHED AND COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT PROJECT

Letter of Co-funding Commitment for Demonstration Project Nelson Andrade Regional Coordinator UNEP Kingston Dear Mr. Andrade, As representative of Division of Science and Technology from Ministry of Sugar Cane Industry I wish to acknowledge our formal intention and commitment to support for the proposed Demonstration Project entitled “Application of Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management Concepts in Demonstrative Area at Cienfuegos Province, Cuba”. The Project will be executed by the Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (CEAC) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA). The proposed funding which we intend to commit to this project (Component 5-Industry) is a sum of $346 160 corresponding $126 000 to actual cash input to activities and $220 160 as “in-kind”. This will be provided as specified in the attached foregoing proposal. Signed: Dr. Jesús Fonseca

Date: 12/12/2003

Position: Director Division of Science and Technology Ministry of Sugar Cane Industry Address: Calle 23 no. 171 e/N y O. Plaza. Ciudad Habana. CUBA Tel: 537 553214 Fax: 537 333043 Email: dirctecnica@ocentral.minaz.cu

UNEP/UNDP/GEF/CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLANDS – INTEGRATED WATERSHED AND COASTAL AREA MANAGEMENT PROJECT Letter of Co-funding Commitment for Demonstration Project Nelson Andrade

Regional Coordinator, UNEP Kingston Dear Mr. Andrade, As representative of Centre of Information, Management and Environmental Education (CIGEA) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) I wish to acknowledge our formal intention and commitment to support for the proposed Demonstration Project entitled “Application of Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management Concepts in Demonstrative Area at Cienfuegos Province, Cuba”. The Project will be executed by the Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (CEAC) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA). The proposed funding which we intend to commit to this project is a sum of $90 000 to actual cash input to activities and $234 027 as “in-kind”. This will be provided as specified in the attached foregoing proposal. Signed: Dr. Jorge Mario García Fernández

Date: 05/01/2004

Position: Director Centre of Information, Management and Environmental Education (CIGEA) CITMA Address: Calle 18ª No. 4114 Entre 41 y 47, Playa Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba Phone: 537 209 6014 Fax: 537 204 9031 Email: jmario@ama.cu

Ciudad de La Habana, 13 de enero del 2004

Nelson Andrade

Regional Coordinator, UNEP Kingston Dear Mr. Andrade, As representative of National Environment Fund (FNMA) presided by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA) I wish to acknowledge our formal intention and commitment to support for the proposed Demonstration Project entitled “Application of Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management Concepts in Demonstrative Area at Cienfuegos Province, Cuba”. The Project will be executed by the Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (CEAC) from the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment (CITMA). The proposed funding which we intend to commit to this project is a sum of $146 000 to actual cash input to activities and $418 373 as “in-kind”. This will be provided as specified in the attached foregoing proposal.

Dr. Fabio Fajardo Moros

Position: President National Environment Fund (FNMA) Multisectoral Board

ANNEX E:

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT EXECUTIVE B0DY AND OTHER INVOLVED INSTITUTIONS

1. Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos – CEAC-): The Centre is a subordinate entity to the Ministry of Science Technology and Environment of the Republic of Cuba. Created in the year 1999 on the base of the integration of the old Laboratory of Environmental Radiological Surveillance of the Centre and the Coastal Laboratory of Cienfuegos. CEAC Mission: To provide an understanding, and to contribute to solving the environmental problems of the territory. To carry out the Environmental Radiological Surveillance in the central region of the country, as well as to integrate and to increase the capacity of the knowledge, abilities and actions related to the study of the environment in the territory that contributes to the conservation and rational use of the natural resources. The CEAC is the Head Agency of the Program of Ecological Monitoring of the Bay and in turn it contains a number of investigators undertaking research on the Integrated Management of the Bay and on the characterisation of seaweed and microscopic algae of this ecosystem and of freshwater, CEAC therefore has much experience as well as a very useful database which will of enormous benefit to the development of the proposed Demonstration Project. Other institutions involved in the execution of the project are: MINSAP: Ministerio de Salud Pública (Ministry of Public Health) Provincial Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology (Centro Provincial de Higiene y Epidemiología – CPHE-) INRH: Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos (National Institute of Hydraulic Resources) Province Delegation CITMA: Province Delegation (Delegación Provincial) of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment. GCTMA: Gestión Científica, Tecnológica y Medio-Ambiental (Unidad Provincial) (Provincial Unit of Scientific, Technological and Environmental Management)

Since 1960 the centre had been executing research in the areas epidemiology many of them in the area of environmental pollution the monitoring program for the public system of water supply in th the bathing areas in Cienfuegos Bay

MINAZ: Ministerio de la Industria Azucarera (Ministry of Sugar Industry) “Guillermo Moncada” Sugar Mill DPPF: Dirección provincial de Planificación Física (Provincial Direction of Physical Planning) Company of Aqueduct and Sewer System of the Provincial Popular Power.

“Guillermo Moncada” Sugar Mill is an important factory in Cienfueg has been polluting Damují River from many years.

The Delegation of Hydraulic Resources in Cienfuegos is the organi the legislative control over the preservation and rationale use of wate

The Provincial Unit of Scientific, Technological and Environmental M Cienfuegos s part of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Enviro primary environmental authority in the territory it is the state entit carrying out the policy and strategies, and enforcing environmental le country.

The Provincial Direction of Physical Planning is in charge of the Urb the Cienfuegos City.

The Company of Aqueduct and Sewer System has more than experience in the exploitation of Sewer Systems. It has a staff technicians and engineers of wide experience. Ministry of Agriculture (Ministerio de Agricultura The Delegation of the Ministry of Agriculture (MINAGRI) has the r –MINAGRI-) protecting the soils and promoting organic agriculture in the are Soils Institute (Instituto de Suelos) of the institutions like Soils Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and “Es Experimental Station of Soils “Escambray” Experimental Station of the MINAGRI and the Provincial Integral Fo

(Estación Experimental de Suelos) of the MINAGRI Provincial Integral Forest Company (Empresa Integral Forestal Provincial) of the MINAGRI UCF: Universidad de Cienfuegos (Cienfuegos University)

with well prepared researchers, technitians and workers that coud a directly in the project.

The University of Cienfuegos was founded as an Institute of Highe Cienfuegos Province in 1979 and was named as a University in 199 the results of the institution in the different areas of the education science and the technique and the post-graduate degree. This u faculties of different profiles which are the Faculty of Engineer Science and Managerial, Computer Science, Humanities and Agrono fundamentally on the Cienfuegos Province while maintinaing connections with other institutions of the territory.

CGB: Cuerpo de Guardabosques Provincial CGB is in charge of the monitoring and protection of the flora, the (Provincial Forest Ranger Corp) other natural resources that form the different ecosystems i Cienfuegos, the watershed and the Protected Area of “Guanaroc forest areas in the province. CIGEA: Centre of Information, Management The Centre of Information, Management and Environmental Educ and Environmental Education (Centro de represent the National Steering Committee of the GEF-PDF-2 . Información, Gestión y Educación Ambiental)

ANNEX F:

PROJECT MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND ACCOUNTABILITY

National control of activities and accountable work. Focal Control of technical activities Point of GEF in CubaNational Steering Committee (CITMA) GEF-PDF-2 NationalCoordinator: Dr. Joaquín Gutierrez (CIGEA)

Local Authority IWCAM

Management of the project Province Steering Committee GEF Financial resource management: A. Accountability System Coordinator: Dr. Carlos Alonso from CEAC Hernández (CEAC)

Output #1 CEAC

Output #2 CEACMINSAPINRH

Output #3 GCTMA -MINAGR I

Output # 4 GCTMA MINAGRI

Output #5 MINAZ

Output #6 INRH DPPF

Output #7 UCF – CEACGCTMA-

CEAC: Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos) MINSAP: Ministerio de Salud Pública (Ministry of Public Health) INRH: Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos (National Institute of Hydraulic Resources)

GCTMA: Gestión Científica, Tecnológica y Medio-Ambiental (Provincial Uni9 MINAGRI: Ministerio de Agricultura (Ministry of Agriculture)

MINAZ : Ministerio de la Industria Azucarera (Ministry of Sugar Industry) DPPF: Dirección provincial de Planificación Física (Provincial Direction of Physical Planning) UCF: Universidad de Cienfuegos (Cienfuegos University)

ANNEX G:

LIST OF PROJECT BENEFICIARIES

Provincial Popular Power Popular Power of the Municipalities of Cienfuegos, Rodas, Cruces, Abreus, Palmira, Lajas and Cumanayagua. Provincial Delegation of the CITMA Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (CEAC) Provincial Unit of Scientific, Technological and Environmental Management (GCTMA) Provincial Unit of Supervision (PUS) National Institute of Hydraulic Resources (INRH) Company of Aqueduct and Sewer System of the Provincial Popular Power. Provincial Direction of Physical Planning (DPPF) University of Cienfuegos Ministry of Education (MINED) Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR) National Institute of Sports, Physical Education and Recreation (INDER). Ministry of Culture (MINCULT) Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP) Ministry of Transport (MITRANS) Ministry of the Fishing Industry (MIP) Provincial Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology (CPHE) Provincial Delegation of the Ministry of the Agriculture (MINAGRI) Forestry Integral Company of the MINAGRI Provincial Forest Ranger Corp Coastal communities of the Municipality of Cienfuegos Communities located in the basins. Fishery Research Centre (CIP) Centre of Information, Administration and Environmental Education (CIGEA) Federation of Cuban Women (FMC) Committees for the Defence of the Revolution (CDR)

ANNEX H:

STRATEGY FOR LONG-TERM SUSTAINIBILITY

Responsible Long-term Sustainability Funding Sources Revenues for taxes to the use Local Authority for IWCAM. of the basin bay of Cienfuegos.

Scientific-technical Services and Academic Services with local, national and regional impact.

Local Authority for IWCAM, Centre of Environmental Studies of Cienfuegos (CEAC) University of Cienfuegos, Ministry of the Agriculture (MINAGRI) Local and national Local Authority for IWCAM, CEAC, INRH, Government environmental MINAGRI, University of Cienfuegos, funding. Provincial Office of Physical Planning (OPPF) and Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP). Fund assigned to territorial, Local Authority for IWCAM, CEAC, INRH, branch and national scientific- MINAGRI, MINSAP and technical programs by CITMA. University of Cienfuegos Fund from international Local Authority for IWCAM, CEAC, MINSAP agencies. and University of Cienfuegos Fund from National Fund of Local Authority for IWCAM, CEAC, MINSAP Environment. and University of Cienfuegos. Fund from the Forest State MINAGRI, Service. Funds from the National MINAGRI, Program of Soils Conservation Others funds linked with the MINAZ, MINBAS, MINAGRI, MINSAP. industry sector involved in the reduction of pollutant load to the environment.

Comments

The imposition of taxes and the admini revenues should be achieved like part the Local Authority for the IWCAM. Loc administer the funds These entities and the users of these s a price and use part of the revenues re maintain the objectives and capacities beyond the project.

These entities should negotiate the fina services to the government that partly c requirements to sustain and tomaintain capacities of the Demonstration beyond

These organisms should obtain these f currency for the continuity of studies an guaranteeing the continuation of the pr These entities should negotiate these f currencies to guarantee the continuity o and the purchase of new technologies. Also to guarantee the development of r studies and the purchase of new techn

This fund should be negotiated for the forest farms and reforestation. This fund should be negotiated for the organic agricultural farm The enterprises should use this fund to conditions for the laboratories and work project as well as improvements to the and reduction of solid wastes, thereby continuation of the program for IWCAM

ANNEX B:

WORKPLAN

OUTPUT

ACTIVITY

YEAR 1 1

1. Project Management and Activities

2. Public Awareness Campaign

1.1 Project Management and staff contracted

1.2 Project Office facilities established

1.3 Project TAC & Steering Committee meetings

YEAR 2

1.4 Reporting to IWCAM Executing Agencies

1.5 Project Evaluation by IWCAM EA/IAs

2.1 Contract Consultant

2.2 Media Campaign approved by TAC and SteerCom

2.3 Implementation of media campaign

2.4 Assessment and report on impact of campaign 3.Collection of baseline Information and 3.1 Stakeholder workshops to identify needs and establishment of monitoring system environmental indicators

3.2 Implement monitoring programme & data analyses

X X

YEAR 3

X X

3.4 Feeback from policy level to data collection need

3.5 Reporting on environmental indicators and state of environment

3.6 Long-term continuation of monitoring programme and policy feedback mechanism

X X

X X X

X X

5.4 Revision and adoption by Government and Cabinet

X X

6.3 Review of Single-block demonstration by Stakeholders

6.4 Final Report section incorporated into overall Cabinet report on National Watsetwater Treatment requirements

7. Development of proposal for a Medium 7.1 Concept Paper to GEF Implementing Agency Size GEF project for developing a Wetland 7.2. Contracting of GEF Project Development Specialist Filtration system (or other option as 7.3 Development and finalisation of MSP approved by Cabinet) 7.4. Endorsement by Government

5.3 Draft report to Government and Cabinet 6. Selection and implementation of street 6.1 Consultation and design of single-block mechanism level wastewater handling demonstration 6.2 Construction and reporting

4.5 Revision of draft and Final report tabled by Cabinet 5. Legislative review and policy reform 5.1 Stakeholder meeting to adopt ToR/Guidelines process 5.2 Consultation process

X X

3.3 Adopt mechanism for information transfer to policy level

4. Identification and proposal development 4.1 Stakeholder meetings to define ToR for consultation for the design of alternate and cost effective and work options to traditional sewage and wastewater 4.2 Consultants contracted and study implemented treatment systems (St. John and National) including review of Wetland Filtration and 4.3 First draft of report review by Stakeholder meeting other options 4.4 Final draft to Cabinet for review

7.5 Submission to GEF 8. Sustainability and Replication of lessons and practices

8.1 Agreement on sustainable funding mechanism and political support

8.2 Long-term water quality and environmental indicator monitoring programme

8.3 Replication and sustainability.financing plan to government

X X

DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PAPER A. Country: B. Title:

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

MITIGATION OF IMPACTS OF INDUSTRIAL WASTES ON THE LOWER HAINA RIVER BASIN AND ITS COAST

C. Executing Body: The executing agency of the project is going to be the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources through the Undersecretary of Environmental Management. This agency was created on August 2000, immediately after the approval of the General Law of Environment and Natural Resources (Law 64-00), published on August 2000. Some of the principal activities of the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources, extracted from the Law 64-00, are: 1. Develop national policies about the environment and natural resources. 2. Execute and supervise national policies about the environment and natural resources. 3. Promote the preservation, protection and the sustainable use of the environment and natural resources. 4. Promote the progressive improvement in management, administration, and regulations related to soil, water and atmospheric contamination, as well as improvements in environmental quality. 5. Manage and promote the conservation, use and investigation of the coastal ecosystems and their resources. 6. Create new regulations and improve/update the existing ones. 7. Establish the mechanisms that promote improvements in the private sector for sustainable development linked to the conservation of natural resources. 8. Control and prevent contamination from different sources that may affect the environment. D. Cost of Project: The total predicted cost for the different activities is US$1,163,220. The funding is divided as follows: GEF Funding:

US$520,470

Co-Funding: US$642,750

E. Linkage to IWCAM GEF Project Priority Demonstrations: This project meets both GEFâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s OP9 eligibility and the agreed priorities of the IWCAM Steering Committee through the following objectives: Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity Conservation â&#x20AC;˘ Improved EIA practices to support IWCAM

P. Protection of Water Supplies • Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices • Improved policies and regulations addressing water supply and demand • Information capture to drive and support water management policy development • Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare a) Land and Marine Based Sources of Pollution • Development of treatment, discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes • Integrating watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices F. Linkage to National Priorities and Programmes: The reduction of the contamination emitted into the environment is one of the main priorities of the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources through the Undersecretary of Environmental Management. It is ruled by the General Law of Environment and Natural Resources (Law 642000). Our law establishes that industries should prepare an Environmental Management and Adjustment Program to promote the reduction, control and prevention of their pollution. Moreover, our government has ratified some international conventions, some of them related to the project. The national focal point for these conventions is the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources. Such conventions include Cartagena, Stockholm (Estocolmo), MARPOL, Basel and Rotterdam. The Cartagena Convention is directly linked to this project. The related protocols are the contamination from land-based sources (such as the industrial contamination), and the protection to marine biodiversity (which includes reduction in industrial pollutants). The Basel Convention deals with the control of transboundary transportation of hazardous waste , and with the final disposal of such waste. With the reduction in the production, and the proper management generated by the industries, we will contribute to this convention’s objectives. The Stockholm Convention is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In implementing the Convention, Governments will take measures to eliminate or reduce the release of POPs into the environment. There is a clear relationship with the currently proposed project. G: Name and Post of Government Representative endorsing the Demonstration Activity: Dr. Frank Moya Pons, Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources. H: Project Objectives and Activities: H.i. Background: The Haina river basin is one of the main industrial conglomerations of the country with over one hundred medium to large size industries. These include the main electricity generating plant, the petroleum refinery, and the only vehicle battery factory in the country. The region is highly contaminated by these industrial activities, as well as the solid and liquid wastes generated by the communities. At the same time, the waters of the basin are one of the main potable water sources 79

of Santo Domingo city. The government has very limited capacity to address these problems at present. The Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources, since its creation in 2000, has identified Haina as a national hotspot of significant concern. The reason for this governmental interest in Haina is the existence of an important industrial centre (with more than 100 hundred industries), alongside a community of more than 190,000 habitants, within an area of just 39 square kilometers. This area of the Dominican Republic was also nominated, and adopted by the Steering Committee as a Hotspot within the Caribbean using the GIWA-based Hotspot Selection Mechanism. This selection mechanism identifies Haina as a primary pollution Hotspot Area, with particular concerns related to chemical pollution, pollution of existing freshwater resources, and inadequate solid waste handling and treatment. In 2000, the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources carried out a workshop in Haina with the principal representatives of the community, industrial sector, government sector, and the main NGO. Six groups worked on the identification of the community problems: solid waste handling, environmental cleaning, atmospheric and sonic contamination, natural resources management, land transportation, and land ordering. Each group produced important information related to principal problems affecting the region. The results were compared with the existing literature related to the topic, showing similar results. Further scientific investigations are taking place in Haina. One of these has become a thesis for a master degree and deals with the “Inventory and estimated characterization of dangerous pollutants by industries in Haina”. Data analysis was based on the use of modeling which employed the “Industrial pollution projection system”, specifically the TOXINT system (developed by the World Bank) and the use of the Qualification system of the Environmental Ministry of Ontario (MOE). Other investigations are also generating valuable data. Studies are looking at the solid waste characterization of the landfill and the leachate produced, where municipal and industrial waste of the region goes into this landfill; monitoring the atmospheric emissions from some industries; estimations of the atmospheric emissions from mobile sources, etc. There is also a valuable project which addresses the systematic collection of information on industrial emissions, and which requires industries to present once a year details of their emissions to the environmental ministry. Water pipelines are also being monitored to access the quality of “potable water”, as well as the quality of water distributed by tankers. Furthermore, there are plans to measure water quality within the Haina river at different points to evaluate industrial contamination. The effluent of four industries will be characterized using this strategy H.ii. Objectives and Activities: The project aims to obtain tangible results in the reduction of pollutants in the hydrographic basin of Haina river, located in the south coast of the country. The principal intervention will be in the industrial sector with the implementation of programmes aimed to reduce contamination by developing recycling and reutilisation mechanisms; a heavy metal contamination survey to provide information to guide policy and strategic planning; and overall integrated management programmes.

Industry within the Haina river basin affects the environment, biological diversity and the welfare of people in the basin through: • • •

The production of liquid effluent (through the discharge of water used in the industrial process as well as liquid chemical contaminants from the industry) The production of industrial solid wastes (which are inadequately handled through a landfill treatment system which is leaching effluent into the water table) Industrial atmospheric emissions (with the high potential for harmful fall-out of chemicals, particularly heavy metals)

The implementation of this project will improve, mitigate and help to resolve the environmental situation of the zone with respect to the deleterious effects of local industry. There are many benefits related to the implementation of this project resulting from the integrated management of the industrial Haina river basin. Principal among these benefits are the following: • • • • • •

Improving the quality of basin-related ecosystems Protecting and conserving biodiversity within the river and the coastal zone Reducing diseases resulting from the deterioration of the environment Reducing morbidity and mortality rates of the population related to pollution and poor water quality Strengthening capacity, infrastructure and understanding within the public and private sector Providing an effective model for replication within the country and in the region

The principal activities proposed within the Demonstration Project and aimed at achieving these objectives and benefits are: 1. Establishment of a Project Management and Administrative Unit 1.1 Contracting of project management and staff 1.2 Establishment of a project office 1.3 Regular meetings of the Project Steering Committee to provide guidance and develop policy, The Committee would evolve into a watershed and bay Management Committee (See 2 below) 1.4 Reporting and evaluation of project achievements 2. Establishment of a management infrastructure and strategy for the Haina River Basin 2.1 Creation of a Haina River Basin Management Committee (HRBMC) with appropriate stakeholder participation. This would evolve from the Steering Committee and role over to become the principal management body after 24 months. 2.2 Establishment of an effective monitoring and compliance capacity guided by the HRBMC 3. Legislative and policy review to provide incentives for reductions in discharges and emissions, and to establish responsibility for monitoring and compliance 3.1 Survey of existing discharge, solid waste disposal and air emission practices in the Haina Industrial area and river basin 3.2 Baseline data collection and analysis for water and air quality (focusing on known point-source pollution but with adequate controls), extending to the coastline where appropriate 3.3 Based on justifications from data, development of amended legislation and a proposed compliance plan (including new requirements for all further industrial developments with an emphasis on EIA and regulations on discharge and emission standards) 81

3.4 Adoption of a long-term and sustainable mechanism for monitoring of industrial discharges and emissions linked to the policy-making and legislative process. 4. Identification and implementation of mechanisms to reduce point-source pollutants 4.1 Identification of recycling and re-utilisation mechanisms for cooling water, other liquid wastes 4.2 Identification of mechanisms for better handling, processing and disposal of industry-related solid wastes 4.3 Identification of mechanisms for reduction in emissions and in contaminants related to emissions 4.4 Adoption of appropriate and effective mechanisms by existing industry, and adoption into legislation of standard requirements for mechanisms in new industrial developments 5.

Clean-up and Public/Private Sector Awareness

5.1 Develop and implement a strategy for clean-up within the Haina River basin (removal of solid wastes from ravines, removal of contaminated soils where feasible, ensuring channels have effective water flow where appropriate, etc) 5.2 Develop and distribute appropriate awareness materials with an emphasis on sensitising the industrial private sector along with the policy level within Government. 6.

Sustainability and Replication 6.1 Adoption of a sustainable funding mechanism for compliance monitoring, water quality monitoring, etc as part of funding to HRBMC (e.g. Discharge licences, fees for new industrial activities, etc) 6.2 Formal confirmation of financial and political support to the HRBMC 6.3 Development of a series of incentives and disincentives to promote private sector compliance 6.4 Submission of a detailed plan to Government for replication of facilities and supportive infrastructure/legislation within other industrial areas/basins in the Dominican Republic (including estimated costs and valuation of benefits versus losses to economy from inaction)

H.iii. End-of Project Landscape: The main expected results are a reduction in the contamination emitted by the industrial sector, improvements to water quality within the basin, and the creation of a sustainable management programme for the hydrographic basin. More specifically, at the end of the project it is expected that the following changes and improvements will have occurred: 1. An effective and sustainable management body for the Haina River Basin and its related industrial sector, with allocated funding, political support, and clearly defined responsibilities for EIA requirements, monitoring of basin welfare and water quality, and monitoring of compliance and enforcement 2. A significant and measurable improvement in water quality and industrial solid waste handling along with a reduction in emission-based contaminants to the atmosphere 3. An effective use of data and information to guide policy and decision-making with an effective feedback mechanism to ensure that policy and decision-makers can acquire necessary information quickly and accurately 4. Significant improvements within legislation and regulations addressing industrial siting, discharges, emissions and waste products through an effective and accountable Environmental Impact Assessment mechanism supported by compliance monitoring and enforcement 5. Tried, tested and replicable mechanisms and technologies demonstrating the reduction in emissions, discharges and waste products which can be transferred to other relevant industrial 82

areas of the country, as well as provided as a source of lessons and best practices for replication regionally through the IWCAM project 6. A measurable improvement in understanding and support for the projects aims and objectives within both the private sector and the government The benefits derived from an effective and successful demonstration of this nature will be of tremendous value both to the country and within the region. I. Project Management Structure and Accountability: The project will be managed by the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources through the Undersecretary of Environmental Management. There will be a chief manager with a minimum technical staff. Some activities will be contracted and the staff will execute some others, including the general supervision. The office will be established within the Undersecretary of Environmental Management. The accountability will be managed with a specialized banking account with two simultaneous signatures out of three, by an assigned accountant. Audits will be held on a regular basis. J. Stakeholders and Beneficiaries: Parties Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources.

Positive Benefits • Improvement in the institutionalization of IWCAM and in meeting mandate responsibilities

Negative Benefits Additional Workload

Haina industrial sector

•

Reduction in operational costs • Conservation of environment • Integration with the communities

•

Communities of Haina

•

Pronatura and Alianza NGOs

•

Environmental improvements • Reduction in Morbidity & mortality • Integration into efforts to improve their situation

Economical investment • Retroactive improvements and additions • Changes in existing practices • May not resolve all community needs

Integration into the effort • Additional to improve Haina situation responsibilities

K: Long-term Sustainability Strategy: In view of the importance of human and environmental effects, associated with industry in the Haina basin, the Government through the Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources will be responsible for the continuity and long-term sustainability of the project’s aims and objectives. It is hoped that the linkages built between the community, the industrial sector and the government will also help to play an important roll in maintenance of the activities developed. 83

It is also intended that economic incentives will encourage the industrial sector to embrace many of the aims and objectives. Examples of economic benefit will include the reduction in raw material, disposal cost and energy consumption, among others. In the long-term, the project will develop sustainability for improvements to discharges, emissions and wastes through the EIA and legislative process. Clearly this will require political will and support, and an understanding of these requirements within the private sector. In the short-term it will be necessary to seek funding through the private sector to supplement GEF funding. The project will consider the use of incentives (tax relief, etc) for industry as well the use of disincentives (new legislation, fines, enforcement). Funding will be needed to support the activities of the HRBMC, particularly in the areas of monitoring and compliance. It may be possible to reach agreement with established NGOs regarding actual monitoring activities but this would inevitably need some financial support. Discharge licence fees and fees for applications from new industrial activities could be used to supplement government funds in support of many of these activities. All of these arrangements will be developed under the component on legislative and policy amendment, in coordination with the component on sustainability and replication. L: Replicability: The project will report back to the Government of the Dominican Republic once the process of retro-fitting mechanisms and legislation to reduce and mitigate industrial pollution has been successfully demonstrated. This report will emphasise the cost of reducing discharges and emissions versus the long-term economic and environmental damage associated with not pursuing such practices. The report will identify the advantages of a full participatory integrated management mechanism for a basin of this nature, and will balance these against the clear disadvantages notable in the absence of such a strategy and infrastructure. It will identify suitable locations within the country where similar approaches could and should be adopted. The report will identify funding sources and sustainable revenues to support such management approaches and retroactive improvements. It will include supportive documentation from residents and industrial leaders. It will also include a work-plan and scheduled cost-estimates for sequential replication. Best lessons and practices developed through this demonstration will be transferred to the main IWCAM project for dissemination throughout the other Caribbean SIDS. Contacts for relevant agencies, corporate bodies and/or organisations involved in the demonstration process will also be provided. M: Monitoring and Evaluation Process: The Project will be overseen by a Steering Committee made up of stakeholders to the project and chaired by the Secretary of Environment. The Project Management Unit (based in the Secretary of Environmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Offices) will produce a brief quarterly Progress Report updating the Steering Committee and the project Executing Agencies on the progress of the Demonstration. Once every year a detailed report will be submitted through the Steering Committee to the Executing Agencies. This report will provide a full review of the workplan to identify project achievements and deliveries versus the approved schedule, budget expenditures, recommendations with respect to any amendments to workplan and budget, staff contracting and performance, and any other 84

information required by the Steering Committee and/or the Executing Agencies. Furthermore, the Regional IWCAM Executing and Implementing Agencies will carry out monitoring and evaluation of all of the national IWCAM demonstration projects as part of the Full IWCAM Project. The End-of-Project Landscape (Section H.iii) provides initial guidance on the indicative areas of success, and lists 6 preliminary changes and improvements that would need to be measured. As part of its implementation stage, the PMU will develop a more detailed list of indicators which will be approved by the Steering Committee and will be submitted to the Executing Agency as part of the PMUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first Progress Report. This indicator measurement mechanism will be linked to and measured against a baseline situation as defined in the early stages of the Demonstration Project through the establishment of a baseline inventory. N: Co-Funding: The execution of the project will be undertaken through the input of several government and non-government agencies, and the industrial sector of the region, with the participation of the communities. NGOs will be tasked with the responsibility to coordinate the participation of the communities in the basin. The detailed budget shows the co-fundings contributions including in-kind contributions by way of time, facilities, equipment, accommodation, etc.

ANNEX A:

BUDGET DETAILS

BUDGET LINE

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

US$

GEF

OTHER

TOTAL

In-Kind1

Funds2

Donor3

SALARIES Manager

24 Months @$1000/Month

24,000

24,000Gov't

48,000

Technical personal (3)

24 Months @$700/Month

44,100

44,100Gov't

88,200

Secretary

24 Months at $300/month

7,200Gov't

7,200

Accountant

24 Months at $300/month

7,200Gov't

7,200 0

TRAVEL International Workshops on watershed management or related areas (2 workshops, 2 people)

Travel cost, accommodation for participants plus cost of venue

Travel allowance for internal travels

6,000

6,000Gov't

12,000

2,000

15,750Gov't

17,750 0

ADMINISTRATION

Communications

Telephone, Fax, email, courier

Office Accommodation

24 months

4,000

Computer Printer Photocopy machine (use)

20 months

Furniture

4,500Gov't

8,500

19,200Gov't

19,200

1,000Gov't

1,000

250Gov't

250

2,400

Gov't

2,400

3,000

2,000Gov't

5,000

5,000Gov't

5,000

Office materials

0 EQUIPMENT Light truck (new)

29,000

Light truck

18,000

Gov't

18,000

Truck for Mobile Lab

18,000

Gov't

18,000

Inflable Boat with motor

9,000

1,500

Gov't

10,500

Video Camera, Still Camera and 2-GPS

2,000

300

Gov't

2,300 0

LABORATORY EQUIPMENT & REAGENTS Laboratory equipment for water analysis: pH, O2, Spectrophotometer, COD, BOD, … Fume hoods Gases extractor

50,000

Gov't

50,000

3,200

Isco and accessories

38,000

Hydrolab Multiprobe system plus shipping

10,870

12,000

Plastic dredge for sediments sampling (for heavy metal sampling)

1,800

Metal dredge (draga) for sediments sampling

2,200

Vandor bottle

1,300

Digestor for heavy metals analysis

3,500

Equipment for Truck mobile Lab

3,200

Automatic water sampling devices (4 units) Water quality sampling Flow meters (different types)

3,500 1,000Gov't

4,200

Atmospheric emission automatic measuring device (for gases)

13,000

Gov't

13,000

Emission measuring device for SO2

30,000

Gov’t through Swiss funding

30,000

Span for the emission measuring device for SO2

9,000

Probe(s) for the atmospheric emission automated sampler

6,000

Emission sampling system for air quality control (three sets of units for CO, PM2.5, PM-10, TSP)

36,000

Air quality measuring devices and analysis of samples (gases: O3, SO2, Nox)

18,000

Isoquinetic particle sampling device and materials for testing

10,000

Analytical reagents

15,000

5,000Gov't

20,000 0

EQUIPMENT RENT & MAINTENANCE Large drill for soil sampling (rental)

1,800

Transportation (vehicle maintenance + fuel-oil)

24 Months @ $300/Month

Underground perforation for well sampling

About 15 wells

15,000

1,800 7,800Gov't

7,800

2,000Gov't

17,000 0

PROJECTS IN DEVELOPMENT OR DONE Solid waste

7,548

Gov't

7,548

Air quality and emissions

9,173

Gov't

9,173

Noise Pollution

4,950

Gov't

4,950

Waste water and potable water

12,402

Gov't

12,402

Emission estimations from Hazardous waste

6,676

Gov't

6,676

Survey to the communities

18,824

Gov't

18,824

Industrial survey

10,000

Gov't

10,000

Emissions register

10,477

UNEP

10,477

Study of lead concentration in children

28,000

Gov't

Study of Heavy Metals concentration in workers of Haina

185,000

Gov't and Indust.

28,000 185,000 0

NEW PROJECTS FOR IWCAM Perform a physical inventory for industrial solid waste, emphasized in hazardous waste Evaluate damage to coast, implement mitigation actions, and do a cleaning program

Ashes and contamination

Do a sampling programme for the river, coast, sea, and landfill leaching

Measuring lead in children

20,000

Study of Heavy Metals concentration in workers of Haina

80,000

80,000 0

WORKSHOPS & CONSULTANTS Workshop with industrial sector

6,000

Gov't

12,000

Elaborate an industrial-solid-waste management programme

15,000

9,000

Gov't

24,000

Develop management plan about heavy metal contamination

15,000

9,000

Gov't

24,000

Cleaner production programme integrated with the industries

15,000

9,000

Gov't

24,000

Coast management plan

15,000

9,000

Gov't

24,000

Management programme for the hydrographic basin.

15,000

9,000

Gov't

24,000

1,500

Gov't

3,000

Training on use of new equipment

SUBCONTRACTS Training

25,000

Public Awareness Campaign

6,000

. 1 = Non-cash contributions of services and/or support

520,470

5,000Gov't

30,000

4,000NGO & Gov't

10,000

136,200

506,550

1,163,220

2 = Actual financial contribution 3 = Name of co-funding donor

A.2.

SUMMARY BUDGET BY EXPENDITURE US BUDGET LINE SALARIES

US$

OTHER

GEF

In-Kind1

TOTAL

Funds2

68,100

82,500

150,600

TRAVEL

8,000

21,750

29,750

ADMINISTRATION

4,000

5,400

31,950

41,350

EQUIPMENT

40,000

37,800

77,800

LABORATORY EQUIPMENT & REAGENTS

170070

93000

6000

269070

EQUIPMENT RENT & MAINTENANCE

16,800

9,800

26,600

293050

NEW PROJECTS FOR IWCAM

100000

WORKSHOPS & CONSULTANTS

82,500

52,500

135,000

SUBCONTRACTS

31,000

9000

40,000

520,470

136,200

506,550

1,163,220

PROJECTS IN DEVELOPMENT OR DONE

TOTAL

ANNEX B: OUTPUT

WORKPLAN ACTIVITY

1. Project Management 1.1 Project Management and staff contracted and Administration Unit 1.2 Project Office facilities established 1.3 Project Steering Committee meetings 1.4 Reporting to IWCAM Executing Agencies 1.5 Project Evaluation by IWCAM EA/IAs 2. Haina River Basin 2.1 Adoption of a stakeholder participatory HRBMC Management Committee 2.2 Adoption of funding mechanism for HRBMC (HRBMC) 2.3 Role-over of Project Management to HRBMC 2.4 Establishment of monitoring and compliance capacity 3. Legislative and Policy 3.1 Survey of existing practices for discharges, disposal and Review and Enforcement emissions Measures 3.2 Background data collection to guide legislative revision 3.3 Review and amendment of legislation and development of compliance, enforcement plan 3.4 Long-term monitoring mechanism linked to policy and legislative process 4. Mechanisms to reduce 4.1 Identification and implementation of recycling mechanisms point-source pollutants 4.2 Improved waste handling, processing and disposal 4.3 Reductions in emissions and related contaminants 4.4 Adoption of mechanisms (4.1-4.3) by existing industry, and adoption into revised legislation as standard requirements 5. Clean-up and 5.1 Implementation of clean-up strategy for river basin Awareness 5.2 Development and distribution of awareness materials 5.3 Sensitisation of senior management and policy-makers in government and industry 6. Sustainability and 6.1 Agreement on sustainable funding mechanism and political Replication of lessons support and practices 6.2 Long-term water quality and discharge monitoring programme 6.3 Replication and sustainability financing plan to government

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

YEAR 3 1 2 3 4

X X

X X X

YEAR 4 1 2 3 4

X X

X X X X X X X X X

X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X

DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PAPER A. Country(s): B. Title:

JAMAICA

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO MANAGING THE MARINE, COASTAL AND WATERSHED RESOURCES OF EAST-CENTRAL PORTLAND

C. Executing Body: The National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA) D.

Cost of Project:

GEF Funding US$601,000

Co-Funding US$629,340

E. Linkage to IWCAM GEF Project Priority Demonstrations: This project meets both GEF’s OP9 eligibility and the agreed priorities of the IWCAM Steering Committee through a watershed Management Unit based demonstration of all of the objectives: Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity Conservation • Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy Tourism Development • Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management) • Mitigating land degradation as a result of inappropriate tourism policies Protection of Water Supplies • Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices • Improved policies and regulations addressing water supply and demand • Information capture to drive and support water management policy development • Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution • Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater • Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes • Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices F.

Linkage to National Priorities and Programmes:

The proposed project has been endorsed by the GEF focal point. The project concept has been developed through a system of dialogue and consensus building with various stakeholders – communities, government, NGO’s, the private sector and various environmental management agencies conducting ongoing sustainable environmental development in Jamaica. Other organizations conducting environmental activities in Jamaica, specifically those within the project area with which the project must coordinate and collaborate include:  Blue and John Crow Mountain National Park (BJCMNP)

 Coastal Water Improvement Project (CWIP)  Caribbean Regional Human Resources Development Program for Economic Competitiveness Project (CPEC)  Environmental Audits for Sustainable Tourism (EAST)  Environmental Action Programme (ENACT)  European Union Banana Support Project (EUBSP)  Forestry Department (FD)  Inter-American Institute for Co-operation and Agriculture (IICA)  Jamaica Agricultural Society (JAS)  Jamaica Cultural Development Commission (JCDC)  Jamaica Conservation & Development Trust (JCDT)  Jamaica Environmental Trust (JET)  Jamaica Hotel and Tourist Association (JHTA)  Jamaica Manufacturers Association (JMA)  Portland Destination Management Group (PDMG)  Portland Environment Protection Association (PEPA)  Portland Parish Council (PPC)  Portland Parish Development Committee (PPDC)  Rural Agricultural Development Authority (RADA)  Ridge to Reef Watershed Project (R2RW)  Rio Grande Watershed Management Committee (RGWMC)  Social Development Commission (SDC)  School’s Environment Programme (SEP)  Water Resources Authority (WRA) The operational activities of the project are guided by and are consistent with the principles outlined in the following policies, programmes and protocols at the national, regional and international levels:  National Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land Based Activities  White Water to Blue Water  Protected Areas Systems Plan  National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan  Blue Flag  Watershed Policy  Ocean and Coastal Zone Policy  Local Government Reform Policy  National Resources Conservation Act  Town and Country Planning Act  Watershed Protection Act  Water Resources Act  Wild Life Protection Act  Beach Control Act  Cartagena Convention G. Name and Post of Government Representative endorsing the Demonstration Activity: Ms. Leonie Barnaby, Senior Director - Ministry of Land and Environment (MLE). H. Project Objectives and Activities:

The overall objectives of this project will be: A. The capture of existing best practices and lessons learned through other coastal, watershed and community management initiatives within the country (e.g. CWIP, ENACT, JCDT and R2RW) to create an effective Watershed Management Mechanism for Eastern Portland B. To develop transfer methodologies to allow for the replication of these lessons to other Watershed Management Units (WMU), and to other Caribbean SIDS To achieve these overall objectives, the demonstration project will focus on: 1. Improving the Institutional and Human Resource Capacity of the Sustainable Watershed and Environmental Management Agencies within the Project Area 2. Monitoring of Environmental and other Indicators (volume of solid waste, siltation, water quality, governance etc) to assess project impact and to guide policy reform and legislation 3. Encouraging the Development and Implementation of Participatory Approaches to Environmental Stewardship and Awareness, Information Dissemination and Enforcement of Existing Regulations and Policies among Communities in the Project Area 4. Promoting the Development of Economic Activities (agriculture, tourism, fishing and their related sub-sectors) as Alternate Practices with Reduced Impact to the WMU, through Conservation and Environmental Management Programmes within the Project Area 5. Identifying solutions to on-going detrimental activities which consistently threaten and impact watershed and coastal environmental integrity and human welfare (e.g. wastewater and chemical pollution, solid waste management, flooding/drainage, Improper land management) H.i

Background:

UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME PROGRAMME – CARTAGENA CONVENTION

CARIBBEAN

ENVIRONMENT

The Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment in the Wider Caribbean Region was adopted March 1983 and entered into force on 11 October 1986, for the legal implementation of the Action Plan for the Caribbean Environment Programme. The Convention has been supplemented by three Protocols:  A Protocol Concerning Co-operation in Combating Oil Spills in the Wider Caribbean, which was also adopted in 1983 and entered into force on 11 October 1986;  A Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) Caribbean Region, which was adopted on 18 January 1990. The Protocol entered into force on 18 June 2000; and  A Protocol Concerning Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities. The Contracting Parties to the Cartagena Convention decided in 1987 at a meeting in Guadeloupe to give priority to a Protocol on Marine Pollution from Land-Based Sources and Activities (LBS). The adoption of this Protocol took place on 6 October 1999 93

PORTLAND: ITS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT - THE GLOBAL CONTEXT Portland is located at the northeastern section of Jamaica. Portland is divided into five WMUs. These WMUs are used as Development Area Clusters (DAC) along with the urban area of Port Antonio. The majority of the upper and middle watershed areas of the parish are within the Blue and John Crow Mountain National Park (BJCMNP), Jamaica’s first terrestrial national park opened in 1993. Under the protected areas system plan a Port Antonio Marine Park and Forest Corridor (PAMP) environmental protected area site was proposed. The area included approximately 20 km of coastline extending from Downer’s Bluff to North East point and includes all inshore marine habitats from the coast to the 100 fathom mark (~ 200m in depth) and the interior watershed area draining into the sea between these points, up to the northern boundary of the BJCMNP. GEF financing of this project is justified by the national, regional and global significance of Portland’s rich and unique natural capital in the creation of economic prosperity for its populace. Some facts on Portland’s natural environment follow: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Biodiversity indicator of 44% - concentrated in the BJCMNP; Portland boasts some of the most spectacular landscapes in Jamaica, combining an 80 km seacoast dotted with rocky coves, black and white sand beaches and wetlands, with a verdant but narrow coastal plain, springs, rivers, waterfalls, and the peaks of the Blue and John Crow Mountains; Portland experiences the highest rainfall in Jamaica annually; Susceptibility to Natural Disasters- floods, landslides, etc.; Home of five of the recognized WMU in Jamaica (Buff Bay, Spanish River, Swift River, Rio Grande and Drivers River); The upper Blue Mountains are Cloud Forest; Majority of Jamaica’s indigenous land birds, including all endemic species, occur within Portland – 220 migrant and resident birds, including 26 endemic bird species take refuge in the BJCM; Three of Jamaica’s five remaining endemic species of snake are found in the mountain forest; All 22 species of endemic native amphibians are frogs; occurring mainly in the BJCM; The area supports the Giant swallowtail butterfly (Pterorus homerus), with a spectacular wingspan of 15cm, the second largest new world butterfly and now one of the rarest animals in the world (on IUCN Top 12 Endangered Species List in 1998); and The parish is noted for high biodiversity, both coastal and terrestrial (BJCMNP named in IUCN world’s top 200 centres of plant biodiversity). The area is of major importance for farming, fishing and tourism.

Jamaica’s Plant Biodiversity is illustrated by its comparative density of flowering plants per square mile, which is approximately 34 times that of Great Britain, 7 times more than Sri Lanka, 4.5 times more than Cuba and 4 times more than Hispaniola. Twenty-eight percent of the flowering plant species, 13% of the fern species and 9 out of 10 palm species (Arecaceae) are endemic. PORTLAND’ MARINE ECOSYSTEM Portland’s inshore marine environment includes a variety of seafloor habitats (stone, algae, sand, and mud plains). Coral reefs in around the Port Antonio Marine Park site include some of the healthiest examples remaining in Jamaica and thus are critical national priority. However, major threats to coral reefs, and other coastal and marine species are the downstream effects of sewage, solid waste mismanagement, other pollutants and suspended solids brought to the reef by rivers, runoff and prevailing currents. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES IN PORTLAND 94

The overall degradation of the environment in Portland and specifically in existing WMU and the PAMP, has resulted in growing concerns for its proper management. The environmental shortcomings in these localities are rooted in a number of interrelated causes, which have physical, socio-economic and institutional dimensions. General manifestations of the issues of environmental degradation are highlighted within the WMU by improper techniques/opportunities/absence of adequate preventative mechanisms and sustained practices in:     

Solid waste management Sanitation/pollution Flooding/drainage Unemployment Improper land management

These environmentally degrading factors have been intensified by human activities, inclusive of:  Unsuitable economic activities: improper agricultural activities – slash and burn agriculture, deforestation, improper use of chemicals; over fishing, poor tourism management practices etc;  Failure to adhere to existing laws;  Improper garbage disposal;  Genuine lack of public awareness  Illegal settlement on marginal hillside lands; and  Unapproved quarrying and mining. The inevitable consequences of these unwarranted activities are mainly seen in:    

Increased marine and coastal degradation; Increased flooding resulting in loss of human life, Loss of habitat for important flora and fauna in the ecosystem; Reduced productivity of land, increased siltation of rivers, coastal waters and reservoirs due to soil erosion;  Reduced water quality and availability; and  Reduced tree and vegetation cover; Annex E provides a rapid assessment of the environmental problems within project areas. BASELINE COURSE OF ACTION: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES IN PORTLAND – ENVIRONMENTAL PARTNERSHIPS Portland has had several projects, programmes and activities, which have attempted to address project specific focal points of interest with varying degree of success. However, to date, none of these projects have sought to build on previous interventions or bring together the various elements undertaken by successive projects. Major developments, which can be utilized as appropriate benchmarks from the standpoint of impact assessment, continuity and intensification in the event that GEF financing/funding is not made available, are discussed below. However, the funding and duration of these projects will soon be exhausted and additional financing to ensure continuity of the activities will be required to guarantee optimum efficiency and effectiveness. The USAID funding support for sustainable environmental practices have been channelled through the following projects/programmes:  Ridge to Reef Watershed Project (R2RW); 95

 Coastal Water Improvement Project (CWIP and its successor CWIP 2); and  Environmental Audits for Sustainable Tourism (EAST and EAST 2) A. Ridge to Reef Watershed Project (R2RW) The R2RW is a five-year bilateral initiative between the Government of Jamaica’s National Environment and Planning Agency (NEPA) and the Government of the United States’ Agency for International Development (USAID). The Project focuses on three distinct, but interrelated activities working towards the objective of improving the management for Jamaica’s Watersheds The R2RW Project Components are:  Component 1 Sustainable Environment Practices  Component 2 Compliance and Enforcement  Component 3 Institutional Strengthening The Project is directly supportive of the USAID Strategic Objective 2 (SO2)-Improved Quality of key natural resources in selected areas that are both environmentally and economically significant. Associates in Rural Development, Inc. (ARD) implement the R2RW Project with assistance from Cargill Technical Services, Inc. (CTS). RGW is one of the two pilot watersheds identified for the projects’ major field activities. The R2RW name suggests an integrated and all encompassing ecosystem approach; however, the project actually addresses issues that are more ridge than reef, as it has not become deeply involved in coastal or marine issues as it is assumed that land based interventions will protect and improve the coastal environment. B. Coastal Water Improvement Project (CWIP I & II) Jamaica's flourishing tourism industry - and hence health of the country's economy - are dependent on the quality of Jamaica's coastal resources, particularly water. Discharges from industry, commercial establishments, hotels and households have posed a growing threat to water quality. The Jamaica CWIP was designed to protect and improve the environmental quality of the country's coastal resources. The Project relies on community-based program to tackle the problem. In implementing the project, ARD is working in partnership with national agencies, national and local NGOs, community groups, and the private sector. Activities focus in five areas.  Support community-based initiatives to address environmental concerns;  Improved operation and maintenance of municipal wastewater management systems;  Improved environmental practices of industries and commercial establishments;  Establish NGO-government partnerships to monitor coastal water quality; and  Support improved coordination of coastal zone management activities. CWIP has supported community-based environmental initiatives in Negril and Ocho Rios and disbursed US$1.25 million in grants to NGOs and community groups. The project conceptualized and facilitated the formation of a public participation model for the management of municipal wastewater facilities. At the same time, coastal communities established solid waste recycling programs using an Environmental Management System (EMS) model. A sustainable community-based water quality-monitoring program has been created. CWIP has also helped develop coastal zone management policies to meet the requirements of international regulatory organizations and the government of Jamaica. Activities in Port Antonio to date include:  Coastal Water Quality Management;  Implementation of the Waste Water Advisory Committee; 96

 Public Education and Public Awareness;  Development of Planning Approach;  Delineation of a Target Area and Development of a Programme for Stream and Gully Enhancement in the Annotto Stream belt; and  Solid Waste Collection, Management and Disposal C. Environmental Audits for Sustainable Tourism (EAST)/Portland Destination Management Group (PDMG) The EAST through the PDMG and other stakeholders are currently engaged in activities to ensure that Portland becomes certified as a Green Globe Destination. Annex F provides a summary of EAST/PDMG activities. D. Environmental Action Programme (ENACT) The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) provides funding for the ENACT, due to be wound up in June 2004. The framework for Jamaica's efforts towards implementing sustainable development principles has been influenced by commitments made to Agenda 21. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development was the result of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992 and was unanimously adopted as the blueprint for action towards sustainable development for the 21st century. Agenda 21 recognizes that for sustainable development to be achieved it will have to fit into local and national government policy, plans and practices, through broadening the environmental agenda. Jamaica's commitments to Agenda 21 and the United Nations Conference on the Sustainable Development of Small Island Development States (SIDS) held in 1994 were incorporated in the 1995 Jamaica National Environmental Action Plan (JaNEAP), which further clarified the country's environmental issues and priorities. The document reflects the emerging commitment to participatory environmental planning and management, linked with economic and social considerations, involving partnerships with the public sector, the private sector and civil society. ENACT was initiated to help address Jamaica's environmental challenges. However, despite the growing recognition of the need to conserve Jamaica's natural resource base and make explicit links between development and the environment, the country faces a number of pressing challenges. It is within this broad context of complex and compelling development problems that ENACT have been pursuing its goal of promoting sustainable development in Jamaica by supporting the capacity development of key Jamaican organizations involved in the decision making, management and use of the island's natural resources. The scope and severity of these problems, compounded by pressing socio-economic pressures, create an enormous challenge to the ENACT programme. To achieve its objectives, ENACT has been relying on the following guiding principles:       

Sustainable development Strengthening environmental management capabilities (in the private and public sectors) An iterative approach Capacity development Participation Management for results Multi-stakeholder planning and management 97

ENACT continues to facilitate and supports the Ministry of Local Government and Community Development (MLGCD) Parish Infrastructure Development Programme (PIDP), Local Government Reform Programme (LGRP) and Local Sustainable Development Planning (LSDP) activities, of which the PPDC has been instrumental in Governance mobilisation of the local populace. E. Portland: Piloting local sustainable development in Jamaica The LSDP process being developed and implemented in Jamaica is a new initiative, which attempts to address the complexity of society in as comprehensive a manner as possible. It aims at adapting an inclusive rather than an exclusive approach to governance and planning. This new paradigm is guided by the principles of sustainable development which values participatory decision making; transparency in government, state and civil society initiatives, access to and sharing of information with all stakeholders, an integrated approach to decision making, respect for ecological and biological diversity and equity and justice for present and future generations. The Parish Development Committee (PDC) is Jamaica’s response to its commitment under agenda 21 to “improve the social, economic and environmental quality of the human settlement and living conditions of all especially the urban and rural poor” The MLGCD have selected Portland as the national pilot project for LSDP. A Portland Parish Development Committee (PPDC) was established on October 21, 1999, as part of the process of Local government Reform in the parish. The PPDC was officially launched on December 13,2000. The mission of the PPDC is: “The Portland Parish Development Committee will promote, guide and facilitate an integrated sustainable development planning approach to achieve: Economic Prosperity Environmental Quality, Social Well being and Good Governance for all its citizens.” The PPDC Vision as contained in its Charter is: “To achieve a Portland Society in which all citizens participate in and benefit from the results of economic prosperity, sustainable environment, social equity and good governance.” The PPDC is an organization, which represents the interest of the people of Portland and allows them to participate in determining how their parish is governed and developed at the local level. The PPDC consists of the following organizational structures: General Membership, Executive Committee, Sub-Committees, Secretariat and Task Forces. The General membership of the PPDC is made up of representatives of the following six (6) membership streams: Local Government Authority, Private Sector, Civil Society Organizations, CBOs, Service Delivery Agencies and Ex-Officio and Political Representatives. Over the years the PPDC have embarked on a number of efforts towards fulfilling its mandates of LSDP, of which institutional collaboration, consensus building and participatory approaches to sustained development has always been on their priority list. The PPDC, in 2002 forged an alliance with R2RW 1 officially signalling their partnership in sustainable community development processes. F. National Environmental and Planning Agency (NEPA)

Memorandum of Understanding signed between R2RW and the PDC and various areas of collaboration towards sustainable development in the parish of Portland and more specifically the RGWMU.

At the national level, the NEPA, an Executive Agency, became operational on April 1, 2001. It is an agency of the Ministry of Land and the Environment. NEPA represents a merger between the Natural Resources Conservation Authority (NRCA), the Town Planning Department (TPD) and the Land Development and Utilization Commission (LDUC). The Agency’s formation is a result of the work of the Government of Jamaica’s Public Sector Modernization Programme (PSMP). The aim of the merger is to integrate environmental, planning and sustainable development policies and programmes and to improve customer service. NEPA’s Mission is: “To promote Sustainable Development by ensuring protection of the environment and orderly development in Jamaica through highly motivated staff performing at the highest standard”. NEPA’s vision: “Jamaica's Natural Resources are being used in a sustainable way and there is broad understanding of environment, planning and development issues, with extensive participation amongst citizens and a high level of compliance to relevant legislation”. As part of its Legislative Mandate, NEPA operates under the following Acts:            

The Forest Act (1996) The Water Resources Act (1995) The Natural Resources Conservation Authority Act (1991); The Rural Agriculture Development Act (1990); The Town and Country Planning Act (1988); The Country Fires Act (1988); The Land Development and Utilization Act (1966); The Mining Act (1947); Wild Life Protection Act (1945); The Beach Control Act; The Watershed Protection Act; and The Wildlife Protection Act

The work of NEPA is guided by the following policies and plans:  Jamaica National Environmental Action Plan (JaNEAP) 1999-2002  National Physical Plan  Policy for Jamaica's System of Protected Areas - 1997  Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan - 2003  Watershed Management Policy (Draft)  Beach Policy for Jamaica (Draft)  Environmental Management Systems Policy and Strategy (Draft)  National Integrated Watershed management Programmatic Framework (1999) G. Other Organizations Several other NGOs, government agencies (FD, RADA, JAS), projects (EUBSP, TFT), CBOc (CDC, DAC, SDC) and private sector organisations (JHTA, JMA, PCC), are actively engaged in environmental activities geared at improving and mitigating against activities that will degrade Portland’s natural capital. Their activities chiefly encompass, but are not limited to:    

Self Governance of Communities; Improved and Sustained Socio-economic Stability of Communities; Public Awareness and Community Education; Visioning; 99

   

Action Planning and Implementation; Funding of Community-based Environmental Activities; Land Use Management; Policy and Legislative Framework Development; etc.

The project plans to work particularly closely with one regional organisation to develop watershed management. The Caribbean Natural Resources Institute (CANARI) is collaborating with the Forestry Department, other government agencies, and R2RW in a project to test the effectiveness of financial incentives to improve watershed protection services in the Buff Bay/Pencar watershed. The project, which is part of a regional initiative funded by the U.K. Department for International Development, is entitled Who Pays for Water? Preparing for the use of market based mechanisms to improve the contribution of watershed services to livelihoods in the Caribbean, and runs from January 2004 until June 2006. In addition to providing transferable methods, approaches, and lessons from the project in the Buff Bay/Pencar watershed, the CANARI regional initiative will also provide training opportunities to key project staff in three areas: hydrology, resource valuation, and institutional arrangements for market-based watershed service mechanisms. PROJECT SCOPE Portland, in particular the Rio Grande Watershed Management Unit, has numerous problems that are both natural resource and people based in their sources. Issues identified in stakeholders workshops and through informal interviews during 2002-2003 include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Solid waste management Sanitation/pollution Flooding/drainage Unemployment Improper land management

PROJECT AREA For the purposes of the demonstration project the PAMP corridor will be used as the geographical area of implementation. (see Figure 1)

100

MAP SH OWI NG INTERFACE BETWEEN TH E PRO POSED PORT AN TONIO PR OTECTED AR EA AND TH E BLU E AND JOHN C RO W MOUN TAINS NATIO NAL P ARK

KEY PAMP BJCMNP BOUNDARY COASTLINE

Figure 1- The Port Antonio Marine Park and Forest Corridor Area and its relation to the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park The effects of upper and middle watershed activities on the lower watershed and by extension coastal areas are understood. However, there has been no attempt to undertake an overarching project to bring together the various elements from the ridges of the Blue and John Crow Mountain to the sea and/or craft a coordinated approach to managing the different resource levels. This requires an analysis of the organisations, interventions, policies and legislation currently applicable to the PAMP so as to identify gaps in policy, legislation and institutional arrangements. Incentives and constraints to achieving this corridor approach to integrated coastal and watershed management will also need to be identified. The activities being proposed will focus on the transferring of lessons learnt and best practices in the RGWMU – based on the activities of EAST, R2RW, CWIP, ENACT, JCDT etc to the Drivers River Watershed Management Unit (DRWMU). The RGWMU is ranked as a severely degraded WMU 2 using biophysical and socio-economic parameters whilst the neighbouring DRWMU is among one of the least degraded (See Attachment 1). The emphasis is to be proactive in preventing environmental degradation of the “green,” DRWMU to the state that now persists in the “red,” RGWMU. 10.ii

Objectives and Activities:

According to NEPA’s WSMB Computer Assisted Development Inc. (1999), Development of a National Watershed Classification and Monitoring Program Jamaica. Technical Assistance Report. 101

Based on the background concerns identified above, and recognising the various initiatives undertaken previously as well as those underway at present, the project therefore proposes to develop and implement a model Watershed Area Management Mechanism for the Eastern Portland area, incorporating the lessons and experiences gained elsewhere in the country, and capture relevant examples from other SIDS. The end intent would be to demonstrate an effective mechanism for such a management strategy, and to identify where and how this model could be replicated in other areas of the country. The activities and outputs associated with the demonstration project would sequentially inter-link to build this model management mechanism as follows: A.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL WATERSHED AREA MANAGEMENT MECHANISM A.1.

Capture of Lessons and Best Practices

A.1.1 A review of all existing initiatives related to watershed, coastal and community management strategies and issues within Jamaica A.1.2. A review of any related and applicable initiatives from other SIDS and Developing Countries A.1.3. A review of current threats to sustainable watershed management within the Eastern Portland area, their root causes, and the barriers to mitigation/improvement A.1.4. Development of a Model Watershed Area Management Mechanism which identifies the following requirements: Administrative • A geographical and political administrative system boundary • Associated Stakeholder interests • An overarching participatory Management Body linked to smaller community and private sector input • Capacity building requirements to support administration and technical expertise (training, equipment, etc) Monitoring • Available natural resource information and identified environmental indicators • Design and implementation of an on-going environmental indicators monitoring programme (which recognises the need to input socio-economic data, concerns, constraints and barriers) • Mechanism for participatory involvement of communities in monitoring and data review process Planning and Development • Watershed zoning to address land-use based on resource distribution, sensitive areas, community needs • EIA requirements and need for protected and/or managed areas • Linkages to legislation and compliance • • •

Legislation and Compliance Adoption of legislative and policy reforms using inputs from all above categories Identification of compliance/enforcement mechanisms Participatory involvement of communities, commercial enterprises and private sector in compliance with a focus on developing self-regulatory processes and incentives Removal of Socio-economic Barriers through Sustainable Economic Development 102

• • • • •

Identification of socio-economic barriers Identification of potential development scenarios Capture of funding to drive socio-economic alternatives Demonstrations of socio-economic alternatives Resource valuation, hydrology, and institutional arrangements for establishment of market and incentive mechanisms for improved watershed management

Identification of Effective and Applicable Solutions to Detrimental Watershed Activities • Identifying and demonstrating targeted solutions to wastewater and chemical pollution • Identifying and demonstrating targeted solutions to solid waste management • Identifying and demonstrating targeted solutions to Flooding and drainage • Identifying and demonstrating targeted solutions to Improper land management • Development and testing of incentive mechanisms for improved land use practices and economic returns to stakeholders in watersheds B.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL WATERSHED AREA MANAGEMENT MECHANISM B.1. Adoption of Administrative Procedures Adopt and set-up Watershed Management Body. Authority and Administrative Unit with detailed ToRs and responsibilities and accountabilities B.2. Adoption of Monitoring and Data Collection, and Input to Policy Making Process Implement a long-term monitoring programme, with information processing and distribution particularly targeting senior decision- and policy-makers.

B.3. Adoption and Implementation of Compliance and Enforcement Mechanisms Implement compliance/enforcement mechanism linked to community support and private sector selfregulation and an incentives package supported by policy and legislation. EIA requirements and new zoning regulations will also fall under this mechanism for compliance. C.

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMMES TO ADDRESS REMOVAL OF BARRIERS AND TO RESOLVE SPECIFIC THREATS IN TARGETED AREAS C.1. Demonstrations of Alternative Livelihoods and Land-Use Practices On-the-ground demonstrations of alternative practices which shift land-use and economic activities into a more sustainable scenario for conserving and protecting watershed resources, while providing economically effective and long-term employment and financial support to the communities. C.2. Demonstrations of Applied Solutions to Detrimental Watershed Activities Targeted activities and actions that provide actual solutions, delivered on-the-ground, to demonstrate mitigation and removal of threats/impacts from wastewater and chemical pollution, solid waste management, flooding/drainage, Improper land management.

IDENTIFICATION OF TRANSFER MECHANISMS AND REPLICATION POTENTIAL 103

D.1. Evaluation and Review of Management Mechanism Identification of Best Lessons and Practices from the above Watershed Area Management Mechanism through a formal evaluation and stakeholder review process D.2. Replicable Areas Identification of suitable Watershed Management Units elsewhere in Jamaica for replication of the Watershed Area Management Mechanism D.3. Funding and Partnerships Capture of funding to support replication of Mechanism to other watersheds D.4 Transfer and Monitoring Implementation of Watershed Areas Management Mechanism methodology as tried and tested in Eastern Portland to other areas(s). On-going monitoring of the success of the transfer would be built into the programme of replication 10.iii End-of Project Landscape The effects of upper and middle watershed activities on lower watershed and by extension coastal areas are understood. However there has been no attempt to undertake an overarching project to bring together the various elements from the ridges of the Blue and John Crow Mountain to the sea and/or craft a coordinated approach to managing the different resource levels. This requires an analysis of the organisations, interventions, policies and legislation currently applicable to the Port Antonio marine and forest corridor area so as to identify gaps in policy, legislation and institutional arrangements. Incentives and constraints to achieving this corridor approach to integrated coastal and watershed management will also need to be identified. GEF funding of this project will be instrumental in:  Collaborative implementation of IWCAM effort, taking into account other initiatives (e.g. USAID, CIDA) currently operating in the region;  Improved Water Quality Management;  Promotion of the protection of globally important biodiversity and endangered species;  Improved sustainability and management of declared PA  Development, implementation and adoption of participatory approach and the promotion of community governance and management of sustainable environmental process  Promoting the suitability environmentally compatible economic activities for human existence  Dissemination of lessons learnt and replicability of experience across sectors, countries and regions In the context of SIDS, many countries have failed at implementing committed coastal zone or watershed management programmes, largely, because of the lack of institutional collaboration and inadequate financial arrangements. The GEF funding of this project will contribute to maintaining and restoring the productive capacity and biodiversity of the watershed, coastal and marine environment. Based on the above activities and outputs, the following end-of-landscape changes and reforms would be expected to be in place: I. A formal management mechanism and identified accountable body II. An on-going programme of data collection and environmental indicator information feeding into the management process, as well as the policy and legislative arena III. Effective compliance and enforcement mechanisms 104

IV. Successful demonstrations of alternative livelihoods and community support for alternate land practices V. Successful demonstrations of mitigation approaches to standard watershed threats and impacts with community support for replication VI. Identification of an active process for the transfer and replication of lessons from Eastern Portland to other watersheds in Jamaica I. Project Management Structure and Accountability: A Project Management Unit (PMU) would be set up within The NEPA. The NEPA, through Miss Thera Edwards, SWB Manager, will have responsibility for overall management and coordination of the project. NEPA will chair a Project Steering Committee (PSC) consisting of the various organisations involved in environmental sustainability in Portland. The PMU will be guided and instructed by a Steering Committee. The Steering Committee will report to the Ministry of Land and Environment, and to the Planning Institute of Jamaica, who have specific responsibility for UNEP/GEF implementation and Sustainable Development Programmes respectively. This Committee will include representatives from all of the relevant government sectors. It will also include representation from the community, from at least one relevant NGO, and from the private sector. Other members may be co-opted at the discretion of the permanent membership. The Steering Committee may also choose to create technical sub-committees to advise it on specific issues. Such technical bodies may be given a permanent status for the life of the demonstration project, where appropriate, and at the discretion of the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee will report from time to time (as required by the overall IWCAM Executing Agencies), through the PMU, on the status of the demonstration project (See N. Monitoring and Evaluation). The PMU would be staffed as necessary but with at least a Project Manager, and an Administrative Assistant. The project will employ a full-time Project Manager who will report directly to the NEPA. The Manager will be a trained person with at least a B.Sc. or B.A. in environmental management or a related discipline, with at least five years experience in project management of a similar nature. Figure 2 presents an organizational chart for the project. The specific responsibilities of the various collaborative agencies for the successful implementation of this project are highlighted in Table 1. The project will rely on the collaborative efforts and participatory networking of individuals and institutions involved in the implementation of the project for its success. TABLE 1:

ORGANIZATIONAL AND COLLABORATING AGENCIES

INDIVIDUAL

RESPONSIBILITIES

FOR

105

MLE/GEF/PIOJ ASSOCIATED AGENCIES (R2RW, CWIP, EAST,  Assist with planning and evaluation of project; ENACT,CASE, RADA)  Review project achievement;  Collaborative and Logistic Coordination and  Develop and implement mechanism Support; geared at ensuring environmental and project  Technical Training Support Services; sustainability after the project; and  Prudent Extension Services;  Disbursement of Project Funds - GEF  Lessons Learnt;  In-kind Contribution;  R2RW, CWIP additional funding support; and  Active participation and management support as PAC members. NEPA/PAC PROJECT MANAGER  Overall Planning and Project  Manage project funds; Implementation;  Maintain contacts with  Periodic Project Review stakeholders – collaborating agencies,  Budgetary and Financial Support communities, facilitators etc. Funding/Grant Financing – NEPA;  Acquire and disseminate  Overall coordination of collaborative efforts information; and support services; and  Collates results for  Management and Institutional Strengthening evaluation;  Technical Staff Supports  Prepare periodic progress  Coordinate Management, Approve report to all stakeholders; Disbursement and Collection of Project Funds;  Strengthen efforts of PAC; and  Plan, Organize, Direct, Communicate and  Planning, monitoring and Control Project Logistics to achieve and exceed evaluating viability and achievements of the desired outputs; project (Periodic Performance Review)  Develop and maintain a database of all participants and collate results for evaluation;  Prepare Periodic Work Schedules;  Coordinate and collaborate with GEF for Procurement, Service Requisition and Utilization in keeping with Work Programme;  Keep accurate records of Financial and Support Services employed;  Prepare and Submit in a timely Manner Reports prescribed by the NEPA GEF and other stakeholders; and  Assist communities and groups to identify and document environmental sub-projects based on thematic areas and submit to R2RW for funding J. Stakeholders and Beneficiaries: The project will benefit core institutions necessary for the sustained support and development of the environment and the economic sectors of agriculture, fisheries and tourism in Jamaica and productive 106

personnel i.e. farmers, rural women and personnel, who utilize and support the initiatives of these institutions both in the short and long term. The Jamaican productive sector will benefit from the improvement of its human resource capabilities, primarily through collaborative institutions and producer groups vis-à-vis the improvement of their abilities to solve technical problems and implement improved production measures that primary producers and support personnel would have found lacking during their productive processes. These individuals will become better equipped to improve their productivity by adopting and sustaining improved environmental production technologies, good agricultural practices, improved and diagnostic approach to problem solving through skills acquired in the training programmes/workshops. The direct beneficiaries of the project are:      

Rural farmers– large percent of whom are disenfranchised youths and women; Tourism Industry - tour operators, restaurateurs include B&B; Community residents and their families; Support personnel and their institutions; Institutions promoting IWCAM and Land and Hospitality industries.

The direct benefits of the project to stakeholders both in the both in the short and long-term are summarized in Annex G. K: Long-term Sustainability Strategy: The activities being proposed in this project are deeply woven into the national, regional and international environmental programmes. The sustainability of this project will be dependent on the project’s ability to achieve its mandate of IWCAM practices in support of sustainable environmental development in the areas of marine pollution reduction; waste management; reduction of land degradation practices – soil and land use practices, watershed management and improved economic prosperity of participating communities. The incidences of adoption of appropriate activities and practices in community-based economic pursuits that will protect the natural resource capita will also form the bases upon which the success and sustainability of this project can be assessed. The level of support for the project from the MLE and NEPA, agencies whose mandates are largely based on the principle of environmental sustainability, speaks volumes on the longevity of the after-project continuity. The SWB of NEPA has responsibility for IWCAM; at the end of the project lifetime the lessons of the project and subsequent activities will be continued by the SWB in collaboration with all stakeholders. The investment in socio-economic activities at the community levels and the envisaged long-term improvements in the viability of local farming, cottage and tourism industries will ensure community participation, which should result in improvement in governance, community ownership and management of the sustainable environmental development processes. One important component of this demonstration project would be the identification and development of a funding mechanism/strategy for the on-going Watershed Management Unit’s sustainability, and to provide funds for monitoring and compliance. Within the lifetime of the demonstration project, the Government of Jamaica would need to commit to a sustainable monitoring programme linked to an on-going management strategy. This commitment would be a critical part of the success indicators which would be established for this project during its implementation phase. 107

The National Integrated Watershed Management Council will assist in dissemination of lessons learnt through its member entitites. L: Replicability: The extent of the level of success in the transfer of project activities from the RGWMU to DRWMU side of the PAMP is an indication of the project’s replicability in other WMU, such as the Swift River and Plantain Garden River WMUs. The process of replication of the project activities in other areas of Jamaica and other SIDs in the area of IWCAM will be strengthened by the publication of final project assessment document addressing lessons learnt and proposed modifications of activities for different scenarios. As part of the projects objectives and activities, a national model for developing, implementing and sustainably supporting Watershed Management Units would be extrapolated from the lessons and best practices identified through this demonstration. This national model would specifically identify community management and involvement, integration of community concerns with those of the private sector and government, monitoring and compliance, and an effective and sustainable funding mechanism to support watershed management initiatives. The project will report back to the Government of Jamaica once a successful Watershed Management Unit has been successfully demonstrated, and submit a proposed national model for formal approval/adoption by the Government of Jamaica. This report will emphasise the cost of implementing and maintaining similar management strategies in other watersheds versus the long-term economic and environmental damage associated with not providing such mechanisms. It will identify suitable locations within Jamaica where similar management approaches could and should be developed. The report will provide indications for funding sources and sustainable revenues to support such approaches. It will also include a work-plan and scheduled cost-estimates for sequential replication. Best lessons and practices developed through this demonstration will be transferred to the main IWCAM project for dissemination throughout the other Caribbean SIDS. Contacts for relevant agencies, corporate bodies and/or organisations involved in the demonstration process will also be provided. M: Monitoring and Evaluation Process: The successful implementation of the project will be the responsibility of NEPA, more specifically; it will be the responsibility of the Project Manager. She/he will work closely with the community residents and affiliated agencies to ensure attainment and surpassing of desired goals and objectives. Periodic reviews of the project’s performance (proposed targets vs. actual outcomes) will form an important basis upon which to measure the output of the project. Annex H presents a logical framework for analyses, one basis upon which the project performance can be evaluated. The project manager will prepare standard formatted reports on a monthly, quarterly and annual basis for circulation to stakeholders. These reports will include:  Financial Reports – detailing project funds utilized, balance on project account (s)  Work Programme Reports – detailing work activities completed for the period and year-to-date; these report should also rely on proxy indicator to inform stakeholders of the project achievement, budget vs. actual projects. The Project will be overseen by a Steering Committee made up of stakeholders to the project and chaired by the national Executing Agency, the NEPA. The Project Management Unit will produce a brief quarterly 108

Progress Report updating the Steering Committee and the project Executing Agencies on the progress of the Demonstration. Once every year a detailed report will be submitted through the Steering Committee to the Executing Agencies. This report will provide a full review of the workplan to identify project achievements and deliveries versus the approved schedule, budget expenditures, recommendations with respect to any amendments to workplan and budget, staff contracting and performance, and any other information required by the Steering Committee and/or the Executing Agencies. Furthermore, the Regional IWCAM Executing and Implementing Agencies will carry out monitoring and evaluation of all of the national IWCAM demonstration projects as part of the Full IWCAM Project. The End-of-Project Landscape provides initial guidance on the indicative areas of success that would need to be measured (Section H.iii above). As part of its implementation stage, the PMU will develop a detailed list of indicators which will be approved by the Steering Committee and will be submitted to the Executing Agency as part of the PMUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first Progress Report. This indicator measurement mechanism will be linked to and measured against a baseline situation as defined in the early stages of the Demonstration Project through the establishment of a baseline inventory. N:

Co-Funding: AGENCY

AMOUNT (US$)

GEF NEPA, R2RW/CWIP (Associated Agencies Direct Funding) In-Kind Contribution TOTAL FUNDING REQUIRED

$601,000.00 $372,590.00 $256.750.00 $1,230,340.00

PERCENTAGE (%) 48.8 20.9 30.3 100.0

USAID through EAST, CWIP II and R2RW will provide funding support. NEPA will also be undertaking financial support for secretarial services to the project. A sizeable amount of in-kind support from associated agencies and participating communities in the form of non-charged staff support and community labour for proposed activities are also built into the project. Detailed Budgets are presented in Annex A. LIST OF APPENDICES Annex A: A.1. Annex A: A.2. Annex B Annex C: Annex D: Annex E Annex F Annex G Annex H

Detailed Budget Summary Budget By Component Output Implementation Plan/Work plan Letter Of Endorsement Letters Of Commitment From Other Co-Funders Environmental Issues, Causes, Effects And Possible Solutions Environmental Audits For Sustainable Tourism - Destination Management For Sustainable Development Project Benefits To Core Institutions And Group Of Individuals/Justification Logical Framework Analysis

Q. R. S. T. U. V. LIST OF ACRONYMS

109

B&B

Bed And Breakfast Operators

110

BJCM BJCMNP CASE CBO CBC CHEMI CIDA CPEC CTS CWIP DAC DRWMC DRWMU EAST EFJ EMS ENACT EUBSP FD GAPS GEF GG 21 ICAM IICA IPM IWCAM JAMPRO JaNEAP JAPEX JAS JCDC JCDT JET JHTA JMA JTB LGRP LRGV LRGW LSDP MLE MLGCD MOA NBSAP NEPA NGO NIWMC PAC PAMP PCC PDMG PEPA PIDP PIOJ PPC PPDC PSOJ QTC RADA R2RW RGW

Blue and John Crow Mountain Blue and John Crow Mountain National Park College of Agriculture, Science and Education Community Based Organizations Community Development Cluster Caribbean Hotel Environmental Management Initiative Canadian International Development Agency Caribbean Regional Human Resources Development Program for Economic Competitiveness Project Cargill Technical Services Coastal Water Improvement Project Development Area Cluster Drivers River Watershed Management Committee Drivers River Watershed Management Unit Environmental Audits for Sustainable Tourism Environmental Foundation of Jamaica Environmental Management System Environmental Action Programme European Union Banana Support Project Forestry Department Good Agricultural Practices Global Environmental Facility Green Globe 21 Integrated Coastal Area Management Inter-American Institute for Co-operation and Agriculture Integrated Pest Management Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management Jamaica Promotions Jamaica National Environmental Action Programme Jamaica Product Exchange Jamaica Agricultural Society Jamaica Cultural Development Commission Jamaica Cultural Development Trust Jamaica Environmental Trust Jamaica Hotel and Tourist Association Jamaica Manufacturers Association Jamaica Tourist Board Local Government Reform Programme Lower Rio Grande Valley Lower Rio Grande Watershed Local Sustainable Development Process Ministry of Land and Environment Ministry of Local Government and Community Development Ministry of Agriculture National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Programme National Environment and Planning Agency Non- Government Organization National Integrated Watershed Management Council Project Advisory Committee Port Antonio Marine Park and Forrest Corridor Portland Chamber of Commerce Portland Destination Management Group Portland Environment Protection Association Parish Infrastructure Development Programme Planning Institute of Jamaica Portland Parish Council Portland Parish Development Committee Private Sector Organization of Jamaica Quality Tourism for the Caribbean Rural Agricultural Development Authority Ridge to Reef Watershed Project Rio Grande Watershed

111

RGWMC RGWMU SAPS SDC SEP SIDS SPAW STEP SWB SWM TFT TPDCO UNCED UNEP WMU WRA UHWI USAID UWI

Rio Grande Watershed Management Committee Rio Grande Watershed Management Unit Sustainable Agricultural Practices Social Development Commission Schoolâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Environmental Programme Small Island Developing States Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife Small Tourism Enterprises Project Sustainable Watersheds Branch Solid Waste Management Trees for Tomorrow Project Tourism Product Development Company United Nations Conference on Environment and Development United Nations Environmental Programme Watershed Management Unit Water Resources Authority University Hospital of the West Indies United States Agency for International Development. University of the West Indies

112

FIGURE 2:

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

GEF NIWMC

PIOJ PROJECT STEERING COMMITTEE PROJECT MANAGER & ADMINISTRAVTIVE STAFF

EMPLOYEES/SERVICE CONTRACTORS/ SPECIALIST TRAINERS

NEPA & COLLABORATING AGENCIES STAFF SUPPORT COMMUNITY REPRESENTATIVES /MEMBERS



113

ANNEX A A.1.

DETAILED BUDGET

BUDGET LINE

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

US$

GEF

OTHER

TOTAL

In-Kind1 Funds2

Donor3

SALARIES/HONORARIA Manager

36 Months @$1500

Secretary

33 Months @$500

Research Officer

32 Months @$750

Community Animations for 160 Days@ 45 Workshop Compliance and Enforcement 32 Months @ $750 Staff Support TRAVEL RELATED EXPENSES Hotel Accomodation, and Meals 32 Days @ $150 During Travel Community Workshops 160 Days@ $50 Refreshments/Lunches Work Shops Mileage - Consultants, Project 2000 miles/month@0.375 Manager and Research Officer

$54,000

54,000.00 $17,000

NEPA

17,000.00

$24,000

24,000.00

$7,200

7,200.00

$12,000

NEPA

24,000.00

$4,800

4,800.00

$8,000

8,000.00

$27,000

27,000.00 8,000.00

ADMINISTRATION Office Equipment

Computer, Printer etc.

$8,000

Office Supplies

Basic office requirements (books, paper,etc) Telephone, Fax, email, courier

$3,000

NEPA

6,000.00

$6,000

$3,000

NEPA

9,000.00

$18,000

NEPA

18,000.00

$7,200

NEPA

7,200.00

CWIP/R2RW

20,000.00

Communications

Office Accommodation/Rental 36 months at $500 per month Utilities

Electricity, water at $200 month

EQUIPMENT Water quality sampling

Water Quality Testing facility and additional equipment

Miscellaneous(Based on Needs Additional Equipment and Assessment) Storage/Installation Facilities Compliance and enforcement equipment Shipping costs

$20,000 $15,000

$3,000

CASE

18,000.00

$5,000

$2,000

NEPA

7,000.00

Radios, uniforms, paperwork, etc Equipment

$2,000

Water Quality Equipment

Routine Servicing 36Months @100

$3,600

$1,400

NEPA, R2RW & CWIP

5,000.00

Office Equipment Etc.

Routine Servicing36 months @50

$1,800

$900

NEPA, R2RW & CWIP

2,700.00

Field Equipment

Routine Servicing36 months @50

$2,000

$9,000

NEPA, R2RW & CWIP

11,000.00

$22,000

$5,000

NEPA

27,000.00

$10,000

$2,000

NEPA/ CANARI

12,000.00

$10,000

$2,000

NEPA

12,000.00

2,000.00

MAINTENANCE

WORKSHOPS AND TRAINING Stakeholder Workshops

Technical Workshops

Community Workshops

To support development and implementation of the WAMM & implementation and evaluation of overall Demo Project On compliance, monitoring, zoning, EIA, Resource Valuation, Hydrology & Institutional Arrangements etc On self-regulation, community management, socio-economic alternatives, targeted demonstrations, etc

Training Material

Reproduction, overheads, etc

$4,000

Reports, publishing, etc

Reports to Government and GEF

$2,000

Internal Reports SUB-ACTIVITIES

Workshop Reports

$8,000

Public Awareness and Policy Level Sensitisation

Production of documentary and skit PA Community Workshops

$4,000

Agencies

8,000.00

$8,000

CWIP/R2RW

19,000.00

$6,000

$1,000

PTC/CPTC

7,000.00

$6,000

$2,000

Communities

8,000.00

REPORTING 2,000.00 $3,000

PA Activities (not including workshops) $3,000

Data Collection and Environmental Indicators

Review and capture of best lessons and practices

Local Cable Network Advertisement In-field and desk-top collection of information Data analysis

$12,600

$3,000

$20,000 $12,000

22,000.00

CWIP/R2RW

15,600.00

CASE

32,000.00

$12,000

12,000.00

Information Distribution

$3,000

$2,000

NEPA

5,000.00

Re-evaluation of methodologies and needs Review of national initiatives

$2,000

NEPA

4,000.00

$8,000

$3,000

Other Agencies, NEPA

11,000.00

$8,000

$3,000

Other Agencies, NEPA

11,000.00

Review of global SIDS experiences Information capture for model WAMM development

$7,000 $12,000 Communities/CWIP/R2RW/ENACT/EAST

Baseline natural resources and environmental indicator information Threats, root causes and barriers

$5,000

10,000.00

$5,000

10,000.00

Capacity building needs

$5,000

10,000.00

Zoning, sensitive area, land-use, EIA and community needs

$5,000

10,000.00

Legal and Policy Reform

$8,000

$4,000

12,000.00

Compliance, self-regulation and enforcement in the community.

$8,000

$4,000

12,000.00

Development and testing of incentive mechanisms for improved land use practices and economic returns to stakeholders in watersheds Model Watershed Area Report drafting, presentation, Management Mechanism revision Community demonstrations to e.g Alternative sustainable address socio-economic barriers livelihoods, community to watershed management development private-public sector links, etc. which help to remove watershed threats Community demonstrations to e.g. technologies and alternate amend and improve detrimental practices for handling and land-use and domestic practices treating wastewater, agrochemicals, erosion and sedimentation, flooding and drainage issues, and improper land usage and management TOTAL

$10,000 $26,250 $57,590 $15,000

TFT/FD/ CANARI/R2RW

93,840.00 15,000.00

$110,000 $75,000 $175,000

360,000.00

$110,000 $50,000 $50,000

210,000.00

$601,000 $256,750 $372,590

$1,230,340

1 = Non-cash contributions of services and/or support 2 = Actual financial contribution 3 = Name of co-funding donor

A.2.

SUMMARY BUDGET BY EXPENDITURE 115

BUDGET LINE

US$ GEF

US$ OTHER In-Kind1 Funds2 $17,000 $12,000

US$ TOTAL

SALARIES/HONORARIA

$97,200

TRAVEL RELATED EXPENSES ADMINISTRATION EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE WORKSHOPS AND TRAINING REPORTING SUB-ACTIVITIES

$39,800

$17,000 $22,000 $7,400

$31,200 $5,000 $11,300

$0 $20,000 $0

$48,200 $47,000 $18,700

$46,000 $10,000 $361,600

$9,000 $3,000 $180,250

$4,000 $8,000 $328,590

$59,000 $21,000 $870,440

$601,000

$256,750

$372,590

$1,230,340

TOTALS

ANNEX B: OUTPUT

$126,200

WORKPLAN ACTIVITY

1. Project 1.1 Project Management and Staff Contracted Management and 1.2 Project Office facilities established Administration 1.3 Project Steering Committee meetings Unit 1.4 Reporting to IWCAM Executing Agencies 1.5 Project Evaluation by IWCAM EA/IAs 2. Capture of best 2.1 Review of all existing national watershed, coastal Lessons and and community initiatives Practices for formulation of a 2.2 Review of related global SIDS experiences model Watershed Area Management Mechanism 2.3 Summary of current threats, root causes and (WAMM) barriers to mitigation 3. Capture of 3.1 Capacity building requirements pertinent 3.2 Natural resources information and environmental information indicators necessary for 3.3 Zoning, senstive areas, community needs, and formulation of a EIA requirement WAMM through 3.4 Legislative and policy reforms participatory 3.5 Compliance, self-regulation, enforcement and process community roles 3.6 Workshops on resource valuation, Hydrology, and institutional arrangements for establishment of market and incentive mechanisms 4. Development of 4.1 Stakeholders meetings to discuss requirements a Model Watershed and information Area Management Mechanism 4.2 Draft WAMM circulated to all stakeholders and (WAMM) policy-makers

YEAR 1 1 2 3 X X X X X X

YEAR 2 1 2 3

X X

YEAR 3 1 2 3

X X

116

4.3 Revision and further stakeholder consultations 4.4. Adoption of WAMM by government, communities and private sector 4.6Development and testing of incentive mechanisms for improved land use practices and economic returns to stakeholders in watersheds 5. Implementation 5.1 Creation of Watershed Management Body and of model WAMM Administrative Unit in Eastern Portland 5.2 Implementation of data and information Area collection programme 5.3 Adoption of feedback mechanism for information distribution 5.4 Implementation of compliance and enforcement mechanisms 6. Implementation 6.1 Identification of socio-economic barriers, of programmes to alternate scenarios and demonstration areas X remove barriers and 6.2 Implementation of demonstrations resolve threats 6.3 Identification of target areas and applicable solutions for detrimental watershed activities X 6.4 Implementation of demonstrations 7. Identification of 7.1 Evaluation of WAMM Transfer and 7.2 Identification of suitable areas for replication Replication 7.3. Capture of funding for replication process Mechanisms 7.4 Transfer and monitoring process initiated

X X

X X X X

X X

117

ANNEX C:

ANNEX D:

LETTER OF ENDORSEMENT

LETTERS OF COMMITMENT FROM OTHER CO-FUNDERS

February 23, 2004

Mr. Nelson Andrade, Regional Coordinator UNEP Kingston: Subject:

UNEP/UNDP/GEF/Caribbean Small Islands â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management Project

Dear Mr. Andrade, The Ridge to Reef Watershed Project has been working to support the Sustainable Watersheds Branch of the National Environment and Planning Agency in developing their submission to the UNEP/UNDP for an Integrated Watershed and Coastal Area Management Project in Portland. This work builds on work implemented by the R2RW Project in the Rio Grande in Portland, and will be very useful in institutionalizing the practice of sustainable watershed management within the Government of Jamaica and local communities. The R2RW Project is committed to these objectives, and pledges to support the efforts of the IWCAM Project . We have reviewed the Demonstration Project and its Budget and are in agreement that it accurately reflects a realistic estimation of potential costs. Please feel free to contact me should you require further information Sincerely

Mark Nolan Chief of Party

119

ANNEX E ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, CAUSES, EFFECTS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS (Adapted from R2RW-PPDC Public Awareness Project for LRGV) PROBLEM CATEGORY PHYSICAL

MAJOR CONCERN Deforestation: (Slash and Burn Agriculture and Burning of Coal Kiln)

Land Degradation

Water Logging and Salinization of Soils

CAUSE & EFFECTS

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

 Watershed destruction  Habitat loss;  Bare slopes and subsequent flash flooding, soil erosion, water contamination with soil run-off;  Limited recharging of underground aquifers;  Reduction in agricultural production  Soil Erosion;  Silting of rivers and other water sources  Reduce soil Fertility;  Damage to coastal zones – soil deposits in the sea

 Reforestation  Increase Public participatory approach to solution and education of communities;  Maintain ground cover;  Strip cropping on slopes

 Poor drainage  Soil compaction  Saline plant water – starve plants for oxygen and inhibits growth

 Improve field drainage;  Better water management in productive processes

 Increase Public participatory approach to solution and education of communities;  Maintain ground cover;  Strip cropping, mulching, contour farming, terracing and zero tillage on slopes;

120

Water Pollution



Poor Garbage (SW) disposal practices –depreciate community aesthetic value, contaminates habitat and spread diseases;  Agrochemical, fertilizers and pesticides pollute ground and surface water spraying and runoff – contaminate water supplies and kill non target habitat (flora and fauna);  Pest resistant development – from continuous use of one type of chemical



Enforcement of rules and laws with respect to water pollution – Pollution Abatement;  Raise public awareness of pertinent pollution issues and losses to society; and  Promoting environmentally friendly agricultural practices – organic farming, IPM etc.

121

PROBLEM CATEGORY

MAJOR CONCERN Poor Roads

Coastal Degradation

Socio-economic

Zone

Poverty, Unemployment and Agricultural Crouching on slopes

CAUSE & EFFECTS

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

 Poor Weather Conditions - heavy rains, flooding, soil erosion/land slippages;  Poorly designed roads with inadequate support mechanisms – drains, retaining walls etc.  Erosion/Siltation, Mud Deposits in Sea;  Pollution – Contamination from solid waste and Sewage effluents  Scant assets owned by large percentage of population;  Heavy reliability on natural capital for existence – river fishing, rafting, agricultural production etc.  The need to survive takes precedence over natural resource issues  Inadequate gainful employment opportunities, especially for disenfranchised youths and women.  Land Tenure Arrangements and Property Rights, large percentage (44%) of farmers operates on government land and 27% on land for which they pay no rent and/or lease

 Road improvement exercise must include support mechanisms, notwithstanding, the high capital expenditure involved.

 Land Management;  SW and Sewage Management;  Public Awareness and Participation 



Macroeconomic Possibilities – increase tariffs and duties on imported harmful products to the environment; Incentive or rewards for utilization and adoption of environmentally friendly technologies; and Community based participation in environmental policies/corrective measures Improve sustainable livelihood activities inclusive of comprehensive targeted education and training activities for “specially” groups of individuals; Clarification of property rights – Land reform arrangements

122

PROBLEM CATEGORY Institutional

MAJOR CONCERN Poor Administrative Procedures and Lack of Enforcement of Environmental Policies and Laws

CAUSE & EFFECTS

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

 Many stakeholders and agencies involved in environmental sustainability programmes – confusion and duplication of efforts;  Lack of requisite financial resources to combat environmental problems at the community level;  Outdated penalties for environmental breaches and lack of or absence of requisite systems to enforce existing laws – people develop a free for all and pay scant disregard to the natural resource base;  Under valuation of natural resources – no significance placed on the importance of water and other resources until livelihood is threatened; and  Land Tenure Arrangements and Property Rights, large percentage (44%) of farmers operates on government land

 Coordination of agencies  Centralization of Administrative processes  Allocation of suitable budgets for approved projects and components  Clarification of property rights – Land reform arrangements  Community based participation in environmental law enforcement

123

ANNEX F

Environmental Audits for Sustainable Tourism - Destination Management for Sustainable Development Workplan and Performance Monitoring Plan June 2003 - March 2005

(Sections Relevant to PDMG)

124

The EAST Period of Performance is May 2003 to March 2005. W.

Project Objectives The objective of this task order is to further explore some of the strategic directions pursued under the EAST project, to consolidate some activities and broaden the sphere of influence of some of the best management practices. The specific objectives include: 1.

Implementation of a multi-stakeholder Destination Management Program with the overall objective of having a specified tourism area certified as a “green” destination.

To promote compliance with the Government of Jamaica’s National Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Policy by businesses in both the tourism and manufacturing sectors through continuing education and introduction of best practices and environmental audits.

To establish HEART/NTA and specifically the Runaway Bay HEART Hotel and Training Institute as a recognized Educational Centre for Sustainable Tourism Development and Training

To provide technical support to businesses seeking commercial financing for environmental improvements or retrofitting. This will feed into a new initiative to provide a credit guarantee facility, through the USAID/Office of Development Credit, to a local financial institution to service small and medium enterprises.

To strengthen the institutional capabilities of our partner implementing institutions which include the Jamaica Hotel and Tourism Association (JHTA) the Tourism Product Development Company (TPDCo), the Jamaica Manufacturers Association (JMA) and the HEART Trust NTA to prepare them to take over many of the activities initiated under the EAST project. X. Y.

Geographic Coverage The project will focus on Port Antonio for the implementation of the Destination Management Programme and destination certification. Additional Technical Assistance offered through the project will be available to participants in both the manufacturing and tourism sectors island-wide. Where possible, there will be collaborative efforts with the Caribbean Hotel Environmental Management Initiative (CHEMI) Project.

Z. AA.

Institutional Arrangements The local counterpart organizations responsible for the implementation of activities under this task order will be the JHTA, JMA and TPDCo. A Memorandum of Understanding between USAID, JHTA, JMA and TPDCo and the contractor will outline the responsibilities of the parties implementing the EAST activity. An Inter-Agency Steering Committee will guide activity implementation. The members of the Inter-Agency Steering Committee will include, but not necessarily be limited to, the JHTA, JMA, TPDCo, NEPA, HEART/NTA, the Ministry of Industry and Tourism, and relevant non-government organizations. The Contractor will work with individual members, as well as the committee as a whole to schedule in-country activities. The contractor will include the CWIP and Ridge to Reef/Watershed contractor, Associates in Rural Development, in the EAST implementation planning process and invite their participation in EAST activities as appropriate to ensure coordination between EAST and other USAID-funded projects. Bill Meade serves as Project Manager and is the point of contact for PA. Hugh Cresser is Project Coordinator and is the point of contact, in Jamaica, for all EAST project related matters. 125

USAID/Jamaica Technical Contact Project Manager Project Coordinator

Howard Batson hobatson@usaid.gov Tel: 876-926-3635, fax: 876-929-9944 Bill Meade, PA bill.meade@paconsutling.com Tel: 202-442-2384, fax: 202-442-2450 Hugh Cresser, PA east@infochan.com Tel: 876-926-3635, fax: 876-929-1054

PA will establish an EAST Steering Committee comprised of USAID representatives, PA Government Services, and Jamaican counterpart agencies and organizations. The EAST Steering Committee will provide input on EAST project activities, schedule and deliverables. The Steering Committee will meet semi-annually to review the semi-annual Project Status Reports. As prime contractor, PA Government Services is responsible for recruitment of international and local consultants, procurement of goods and services approved under the project, timely execution of tasks in this work plan, submission of progress reports and other deliverables, and overall implementation of EAST activities. Scope of Work Based on the objectives of EAST and the work requirements as identified in the task order, the project activities have been organized into the following task areas: Task 1: Task 2: Task 3: Task 4: Task 5: Task 6: Task 7: Task 8: BB.

Improved Destination Management and Certification Facilitate the financing of Productivity Improvement Projects in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Promote EMS in Tourism and Manufacturing Enterprises Institutional Strengthening Establishment of EMS Resource Centers Marketing Assistance for Green Businesses Training International Collaboration and transfer of Lessons Learnt

Task 1: Improved Destination Management and Certification CC. DD. Output 1: Establish Portland Destination Management Group (PDMG) The PDMG will be established to support and monitor the activities leading to the development of Portland as a sustainable tourism destination. This will include, among other things, the development of a destination-oriented environmental management system, benchmarking of environmental performance within the designated area, identifying economic opportunities for implementation and international destination certification. PA will use the Sustainable Tourism Destination Plan, developed under EAST 111 as a guideline for the process.

126

SCHEDULE:

May – June 2003

EE.Output 2: Develop GG 21 Destination Environmental Benchmarks for Portland Based on the benchmarking criteria established for the GG 21 Destination Programme PA, in conjunction with the PDMG and the relevant Government and Private Sector Agencies, will develop the required benchmarks for Portland. The process will then be used by the National Environmental and Planning Agency (NEPA) to assist in establishing guidelines for other tourist destinations or specified areas in the country. SCHEDULE

July 2003 – July 2004

Output 3: Assist 4 hotels to implement environmental programme and/or EMS in their operations Under the EAST Project five hotels were audited and assisted in implementing EMS. One hotel the Hotel Mocking Bird Hill, was Green Globe certified. Due to the drastic decline in tourism in Portland, many of the hotels have experienced radical declines in occupancy and staff turnover and as a result their EMS programme has been affected. Under this phase of the project PA will assist four of the hotels to re-implement their EMS and assist them in preparing GG 21 certification should they wish to apply for it. SCHEDULE

September 2003 – May 2004

Output 4: Environmental Walk-throughs. PA will conduct 10 Environmental Walkthroughs assessments of small accommodations not previously covered by EAST (e.g.) Guest Houses and Bed and Breakfast operations. Environmental Walkthroughs are half-day assessments of energy, water and wastewater recommendations. 1. EAST Project in conjunction with the TPDCo and the PDMG will distribute preliminary announcements on the Environmental Walk-Through. The announcements will inform potential recipients on how to apply for an Environmental Walk-Through. Application forms will be available at the EAST office and the application form will include the environmental walkthrough toolkit. 2. Applicant submits application form to EAST Coordinator, recorded and information sent to the JHTA and TPDCo 3. EAST informs PDMG and TPDCo if the applicant has been selected and sends pre-walkthrough data collection form to them for completion. EAST Coordinator follows-up with the hoteliers to explain the data collection form, review the walk-through toolkit and answer any questions. 4. Applicant returns completed pre-walkthrough data collection form to EAST office for scheduling. 5. EAST Consultants conducts walk-through. SCHEDULE October – December 2003 FF. GG. Output 5: Community Tourism Awareness Programme The support of local communities is considered to be critical to the success of the destination management program. This activity will allow PA to devise a mechanism to enlist the support for communities in and around Port Antonio for the destination management program. Illustrative activities will include community environmental awareness campaigns, training workshops, identification of and support for existing community tourism enterprises and community tourism conferences. Collaboration with on-going community tourism projects such as the Caribbean Regional Human Resources Development Program for Economic Competitiveness Project (CPEC) funded by the Canadian 127

International Development Agency and the Ridge to Reef Project funded through the USAID, will be encouraged. SCHEDULE

January – May 2004

Planned activities will include but not limited to the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

The Contractor will work with the Pt. Antonio JHTA Chapter to select a Destination Management Group Executive Committee that will monitor and spearhead the planned activities of the DMP action plan. In conjunction with the stakeholders, the Contractor will develop an environmental policy and vision statement for the destination. Consultant will do a gap analysis to assess Portland’s status as it relates to the GG21 benchmarking criteria. Meet with Ministry of Development to investigate special incentives and to designate Portland as a “special” model for economic growth through sustainable development. Consultants to assist with the development of proposals for environmental projects/programmes in the communities identified in the designated area Identify specific community related project that will be incorporated in the DMP Action Plan – Recycling, Composting, Craft Work with the relevant Agencies/Organizations to set up benchmarks and monitoring activities for key performance areas as outlined in the Green Globe 21 Standard for Tourism Destinations. Network with other communities island wide to exchange ideas on community related environmental projects and programmes Implement an effective educational campaign within the communities in the designated area, to support the Tourism Destination Certification initiatives and to emphasize Community involvement and linkages. Assist TPDCo to set up the internal framework - Environmental Unit - for monitoring and sustaining the Destination Programme in conjunction with the DMG, once the EAST Project ends. Assist the DMG to prepare project proposals to the EFJ and other funding agencies for projects identified by the stakeholders. Work in conjunction with JAMPRO and other relevant agencies to promote investment opportunities as identified by the stakeholders and prospective investors Collaborate with the Ministry of Development, Ministry of Industry and Tourism, the Jamaica Hotel and Tourist Association to identify new incentives for the tourism sector with special emphasis on the Attractions sector. Conduct regular meetings with the CWIP and Ridge to Reef Projects to review lessons learnt and to ensure that the project objectives are met and maintained through collaboration. Assist hotels in the Portland area that have been already audited through the EAST Project, to implement EMS programmes and work towards GG 21 Certification. Conduct Environmental walkthroughs for Guesthouses and B&B operations. Identify small and medium size manufacturing enterprises in the area that focus on providing environmentally friendly goods and services.

128

ANNEX G PROJECT BENEFITS TO CORE INSTITUTIONS AND GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS/JUSTIFICATION BENEFICIARIES

IMPACT

SHORT TERM Associated Agencies  Execution of mandate to NIWMC, FD, IICA, contribute to the development JHTA, PPDC, WMU, of Sustainable Socioetc. economic Environmental Activities in Jamaica; 

Institutional building.

capacity



Development of NGOsenterprises;



Increased interaction and linkages among the Jamaican tourism, farming and fishing sectors

LONG TERM  Improvement in producers and middle management, technical capabilities and understanding and compliance to environmental policies and laws; 

Enhanced ability to broker future partnerships with Funding Agencies;



Provision of opportunities for increased employment in rural areas; and

 The Jamaican  Improved farming Agricultural and practices through the training Tourism Sector of the farmers, rural women in Linkages agriculture and extension officers; 

Improved outputs and subsequent incomes of participants – increased productivity and efficiency;



Development of local information and its dissemination through workshops, field visits etc; and



Improved awareness and compliance, by primary producers, of the international and regional environmental production requirements;



Improvement in nature tourism activities and identification of new

Development of social capital and institutional capacity building.  Human Resource Development; 

Increase in the number of persons within these sectors with problem-solving and improved management and organization skills;



Increased communication and dual-flow of information between producers/ community facilitators and agencies involved in sustainable environmental development.



Increased sensitivity of primary producers to the consequences of environmental degradation.

129

opportunities

JADF, JAS, RADA and JHTA

BENEFICIARI ES JHTA, JAS Members



Rewards and Environmental Investments.



Facilitation of enhanced delivery of extension and support services to groups of producers satisfying their mandate of sustainable tourism and agricultural Development



Improved social and  Increase opportunities for economic stability of rural sustainable employment and communities and their entrepreneurship. inhabitants.



Enhanced communication flow to touism interest, tourists, farmers, fisher folks and increased access to technical assistance and extension services;

IMPACT SHORT TERM  Receipt of training members; 



for

Networking with each other rural, producers and different producers; Change in attitude towards management of their business enterprises; and

LONG TERM  Improved products, productivity, products and subsequent performance in the local and export markets; 

Passage of knowledge and expertise to other members of their communities; and



Institutional building.



Increased interface primary producers; and



Provision of opportunities for increased employment in rural areas; and

capacity

Contribution to the development and sustainability of the group.

Ministry of  The project will provide a Agriculture, potent tool to be used in the Tourism and focused programmes of these Land and the Ministries; and Environment  Encourage tourism, environmental and agro-industry development in rural areas in Jamaica.

with

130

ANNEX H HH.

LOGICAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS

Project Title: An Integrated Approach to Managing the Marine, Coastal and Watershed Resources of East-Central Portland Executing Body: The National Environment and Planning Agency Proposed Funding Partners: R2RW, CWIP, NEPA; In-Kind: Community Residents and NGOs Narrative Summary Expected Results/Performance Indicators Project Goal: Impacts

Strategic Area: Integrated Land and Water Multiple Focal Areas Project Budget: GEF - US$509,000.00 (US$85,107.67); Funding Partners – US$284,000.00 Collaborating Agencies: JCDT, RADA, FD, PPDC, PEPA etc. Means of Verification Performance Measurement

To promote environmental 1. Participation of residents in 1. # of participants in project; sustainability through IWCAM project activities; 2. Before and after assessment of 2. Improved Environmental environmental issues sustainable practices among residents;  Solid waste 3. Residents personal capital and  Water Quality time invested in projects  Natural Resource activities; Conservation 4. Increased environmental  Community Greening sustainable activities; Activities; etc 5. Improvement in the marine, 3. Participants demonstration of coastal and watershed understanding and adoption of environment environmental sustainable approaches Project Objectives: Outcomes: Performance Measurement The emphasis will be on 1. Adoption of improved 1. supporting local efforts geared at technologies, and research ensuring the environmental sustainable environmental 2. sustainability of the watershed productive processes; through promotion of: capacity 2. Training activities conducted; building within communities and 3. Training materials Produced 3.

Assumptions/Risk Indicators Assumptions: 1. Community tourism/agricultural and fishing sectors and domestic household buy-in to project; 2. Farmers and communities will be capable of implementing lessons learnt 3. Full cooperation of LRGW residents Risk: 1. High project costs – equipment etc.; 2. Natural Disasters 3. Lack of adequate support services 4. Low level of cooperation by residents Assumptions:

Specialized training held for 1. Strong government support; and collaborating agencies staff; presence of required resources # of community personnel 2. Strong support affiliated participating workshops and agencies; sessions; 3. Active participation of supporting # of training manuals agencies; 131

environmental agencies; monitoring of environment and other indicators; sustainable approaches to economic activities; and activities encouraging participatory approach to environmental management and governance.

Resources: 

 

and disseminated 4. Information Kit Produced; 5. Greening of communities; 6. Strategic Action Planning to Facilitate Workshop for Stakeholder Participation and Ownership of Processes; 7. Enhance Compliance and Enforcement; 8. Improved governance; 9. Active participation of beneficiaries and associated agencies Outputs:

produced and disseminated 4. Records of training activities; 5. Invoices for Technical assistance; 6. Periodic Project reports; 7. Public awareness activities conducted; 8. Number of sub-projects Financed/fund in communities:

4. Available technical support

Performance Measurement

Assumptions

Employment Project Staff 1. Establish Administrative 1. Invoice for equipment  1 Project Manager Office purchases and physical  Administrative Assistant 2. Equipment purchased and inventory;  Research Officer installed; 2. Contracts for services Consultants; 3. IWCAM activities conducted 3. # of community residents Funding: US$793,000.00 participating in project; and 4. Before and after impact assessment of project

Risks: 1. Lack of support from participating agencies; 2. Lack of cooperation of employed labour force

1. Qualified/interested service providers; 2. Personnel are effective in delivering service; Risks: 1. Unwillingness of service providers to fulfil contractual agreements; 2. Ineffective support systems; 3. Theft or damaged equipment; 4. Funding does not materialized as schedule

132

ATTACHMENTS

133

ATTACHMENT 1

134

ATTACHMENT 2

MAP SHOWING INTERFACE BETWEEN THE PROPOSED PORT ANTONIO PROTECTED AREAAND THE RIO GRANDE AND DRIVERS RIVER WMUs

KEY

COASTLINE PAMP BJCMNP BOUNDARY RIO GRANDE WMU DRIVERS RIVER WMU

135

DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PAPER A. Country(s): B. Title: C.

SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

REHABILITATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE BASSETERRE VALLEY AS A PROTECTION MEASURE FOR THE UNDERLYING AQUIFER

Executing Body:

The St. Kitts and Nevis Development Control and Planning Board, pending the establishment of the Liamuiga Park Management Authority, shall be the national executing agency. D.

Cost of Project:

GEF Funding: $530,740

Co-Funding: $22,362,380

Linkage to IWCAM GEF Project Priority Demonstration:

This project meets both GEF’s OP9 eligibility and the agreed priorities of the IWCAM Steering Committee through the following objectives: The Coastal areas of St. Kitts are main areas of tourism development as well as marine livelihoods. This demonstration project aims to show how it is necessary to control activities in a watershed to protect vital natural resources; in this case primarily an unconfined coastal aquifer. Protecting this vital natural resource is not only an environmental issue but also one of economic importance. Tourism Development • Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management) • Mitigating land degradation as a result of inappropriate tourism policies Protection of Water Supplies • Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices • Improved policies and regulations addressing water supply and demand • Information capture to drive and support water management policy development • Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare F.

Linkage to National Priorities and Programmes:

The proposal is also compatible with the following International and Regional Multilateral Agreements to which the St. Kitts and Nevis is a signatory: • • •

Convention on Biological Diversity The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands The Cartagena Convention and Protocols 136

• • G.

The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) St. George’s Declaration of Principles for Environmental Sustainability in the OECS

Name and Post of Government Representative endorsing the Demonstration Activity:

Hon. Denzil L. Douglas, Prime Minister & Minister of Finance, Development and Planning H. i.

Project Objectives and Activities

Background:

The Basseterre Valley lies immediately adjacent to the capital town of Basseterre and to the main tourist area of Frigate Bay. The valley has been reduced to a near monoculture of sugar cane. Underneath the valley is one of the most significant and the most exploited aquifers in the country. The aquifer produces some 2.5 million gallons of the daily national water consumption of 4 million gpd, and provides 60% of the water supply to Basseterre. Human induced impacts have been slow in materialising but the effects of fertiliser applications to the existing cane fields, sewage treatment and disposal associated with recent commercial, industrial and housing programmes and storm water runoff along major roads traversing the aquifer have led to an unprecedented increase in the loadings of nitrates and phosphates. It is also under threat from overextraction and attempts at development (either as prime real estate or as a golf course). Recognising the over-riding importance of the underlying water resource to the demands of Basseterre as well as the adjacent environment, the government is seeking to find a way to ensure the long-term sustainability of this resource. The Government also recognises that sugar cane is no longer paying its way and will almost certainly become phased out in at least some parts of the islands. Furthermore, there is no effective policy on water use efficiency and proper management of water resources within St. Kitts. It is now imperative that policy makers and users accept that existing water resources are finite and need careful management and protection. The hotel and tourism sector generally are critically important to the developing economy of the country, but are also major exploiters of water resources. In view of this growing sector it is now critical to plan water resource management well in advance, and to develop sustainable water resource extraction policies in parallel with protection of the resource and reduction of wastage and leakage. The principal concerns related to the Basseterre Valley Aquifer can therefore be summarized as: • • • • • • ii.

Threats from agricultural pollution Threats from domestic (sewage and wastewater) pollution Improper land usage and inappropriate development planning threatening the integrity of the aquifer and water supply Inadequate management and control of water extraction to ensure sustainability Inadequate overall protection of the Valley area and its ecosystem functions (particularly as a water resource) Lack of control over leakage and wastage, or inappropriate use of water resources Objectives and Activities: 137

Based on this background, the project proposes to demonstrate the proper management and protection of a critical aquifer and well-field through a parallel process of A. Mitigation of threats from contaminants, B. On-the-ground protection, and C. Improved user-resource management. 1. Mitigation of Threats from Contaminants 1.1 Review of agricultural practices and land-use as they pertain to well-field and aquifer integrity 1.2 Development and implementation of policy reform and incentives for altering agricultural practice and land-use to protect water resources 1.3 Review of sewage and wastewater practices as they pertain to well-field and aquifer integrity 1.4 Development and implementation of policy reform and incentives for altering sewage and wastewater practices to protect water resources 1.5 Monitoring and compliance based on amended policy, revised legislation and incentive/disincentive scheme 2. Protection of Aquifer, Well-field and Supportive Ecosystem 2.1 Survey of the ecosystem functions and natural resources of the intended protected area within the Basseterre Valley 2.2 Designation of a Liamuiga National Park for the Protection of the Basseterre Valley Aquifer and associated ecosystem 2.3 Adoption of a formal Management Authority for a National Park and aquifer protection zone 2.4 Development and implementation of an Aquifer Protection Zone Management Plan (to include a sustainable development and financing plan) 3. Improvements to the User-Resource Management Interface 3.1 A Hydro-Geological survey of the aquifer and well-field area 3.2 Survey of wastage and leaks in the groundwater extraction and distribution process, and in the selected usage of this finite resource 3.3 Review of options for recovery and recycling of water and reductions in losses in the system (both commercial and domestic) 3.4 Development of a Water Resource Management Plan for the Basseterre Valley and its commercial zone and hinterland including incentives for water conservation and recycling There will be a need to address the growing threat of pollutants and contaminants to the aquifer (both actual an potential). Intensive farming techniques have led to the adoption of practices which require high levels of pesticides and fertilisers, tend towards the selection of one cash-crop only, and both actively and passively exclude other natural species of flora and fauna. The aim will be to identify the impacts from these practices and to develop alternate strategies and incentives to reveres these impacts. Where appropriate, policy reform and legislative amendment will be recommended to assist in this process. At the ground level, it is intended to provide the aquifer zone and its supportive ecosystems with an effective level of protection from direct impact through the designation of said area as a National Park, through a programme of reintroduction of native species of plants (which will help to stabilise the soils, re-establish the natural ecosystem, and to remove chemicals which may already be established in the water table), and through the exclusion of undesirable species such as goats and feral cats wherever possible. This approach 138

will be integrated into local socio-economic requirements by developing the area as a paying tourist attraction properly managed, to achieve some level of sustainability for monitoring and public awareness. The tourist attraction will include an associated nursery for native plant re-establishment. It would also demonstrate the transfer away from an inappropriate land-use which is detrimental to water resources, to an alternate livelihood which encourages better management of said resources. Present legislation under the National Conservation and Environmental Protection Act of 1987 and/or the Development Control and Planning Act of 2000 may be used to declare the lands of the project site as a National Park. There is strong support from a national NGO (the St. Christopher Heritage Society (SCHS) with a history and programme of developing public awareness through the use of traditional masquerade and mummers. This public awareness should be aimed at tourists also who would find traditional masquerade fascinating. A hydro-geological feasibility analysis component of the project attempts to identify the threats to the groundwater resource base. Three (3) main activities have been identified: a. Hydro-chemical Tests: which would involve the testing of water and soil samples from within the study area; b. Test Borings: which involves boreholes at regular intervals so as to assess the water quality at different levels; and, c. Computer Modelling: to assess and make predictions on present and future threats, so that mitigative efforts could be resolved before serious and potentially irreversible impact could take effect. Furthermore, and of critical importance to the short-term usage and long-term conservation of the existing finite resources (which are already close to maximum supply) the project will identify those areas of excessive use, areas of wastage, and areas where practices are inappropriate (such as the use of high quality potable water for irrigation purposes). Strategies for improved practices (such as recycling, and use of greywater for irrigation) and reduce wastage will be coupled to incentives for adopting these improved practices through policy reforms and legislative amendments (supported by effective compliance monitoring). Financial strategies to encourage such better management of the finite resource will be developed through the transfer of benefits, tariffs and user-fee relief and waiver. All of this will be presented to the Cabinet as a water resource management plan for the Basseterre Valley and its commercial zone and hinterland. Some of the incidental benefits to the community and to commerce that will arise from this Demonstration (and which would present added incentive) would be: â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘

The provision of active and passive recreational green spaces for the people of St. Kitts and Nevis, including the establishment of a botanical garden with endemic species of flora and fauna that are representative of unique biological communities on the island The protection of a national heritage by way of an important area of land of value to future generations, and to educate our future generations about their environment, flora, fauna and their history Assistance with the sustainable development of alternativee and lucrative economic livelihoods and demonstrations of appropriate and sustainable tourism development

There would be a requirement for a fully participatory consultative process to include all relevant stakeholders throughout the lifetime of this project and beyond. Such a participatory approach is essential for the long-term sustainability of the objectives and deliverables of this initiative.

139

One of the primary success indicators of the project would be a realistic sustainability and replicability plan which would not only demonstrate and implement financial provisions for the continuation of all objectives with full political support, but would also include a mechanism to replicate any successful lessons and practices within other appropriate areas of St. Kitts and Nevis. iii.

End of Project Landscape:

At the end of the project, the Basseterre Valley will have been transformed from a threatened and heavily exploited aquifer and well-field into a water resource management area where water abstraction is carefully controlled and where the groundwater and well-fields are actively protected against contamination and harmful usage. Control and management of the water resource in the valley will be linked and integrated into improved control and management of demand and more efficient supply and distribution. Domination of the landscape by monoculture will have disappeared, and the ecosystem functions of the valley will have been enhanced through sustainable development of appropriate land usage. In particular, the following primary indicators should be apparent: I. Agricultural practices will have altered resulting in reduced pollution from agro-chemicals and improved water quality within the aquifer II. Sewage and wastewater handling practices will have improved resulting in a reduced threat to the aquifer III. Policy reform and legislative amendment will reflect support for changes in land-use practice, reduced pollution, sustainable and protective management of the aquifer and well-fields IV. Incentives will be in place to promote the policy reform and to actively encourage better management and sustainable use of the water resource as well as conservation of supportive ecosystem functions V. Effective monitoring and compliance will be in place ensure policy and legislative requirements are actively maintained VI. A comprehensive Management Plan will have been adopted by the Cabinet, based on detailed studies of the aquifer and associated resources, and focusing on sustainable development of the land area integrated with long-term protection and conservation of the water resource VII. The Basseterre Valley Liamuiga National Park will have been formally designated and its functions and objectives incorporated into the Management Plan VIII. A government-supported, participatory, multisectoral Management Authority will be in place and will be overseeing and monitoring the requirements of the Management Plan, as well as policy and legislative amendments IX. A parallel Water Resource Management and Development Plan will be in place that is successfully driving improvements in waste reduction and leakage, and actively promoting and encouraging (through incentives/disincentives) optional water use practices (e.g. recovery and recycling) The regional environmental benefits from developing such a model would be in its replication within other relevant Caribbean SIDS situations. The adoption of effective models for aquifer protection and sustainable management should result in a marked regional improvement in coastal and watershed environmental quality, supported by communities and stakeholders who recognise improvements within their own quality of life as a result of these initiatives. It is intended that lessons and best practices from this model and from the demonstration approach as a whole could be transferred globally to other SIDS (and non-SIDS) situations as relevant. I.

Project Management Structure and Accountability: 140

A Project Management Unit (PMU) will be set up under the St. Kitts and Nevis Development Control and Planning Board. The PMU will consist of a Project Manager and Administrative Assistant. The PMU will be guided and instructed by a Steering Committee. This Committee will include representatives from the relevant government departments. It will also include representation from the community, from at least one relevant NGO, and from the private sector. Other members may be co-opted at the discretion of the permanent membership. The Steering Committee will be chaired by a member of the Development Control and Planning Board. The Steering Committee will report to the Cabinet of Ministers through its chair in the DCPB. The Steering Committee will evolve out of the existing Basseterre Valley Advisory Committee, ensuring that there is appropriate facility for non-government stakeholder participation. The Steering Committee will seek advice and guidance from technical experts and particularly from stakeholder groups which will review, monitor and evaluate project strategies as they are being developed and implemented. Consultation with the wider community on the proposed uses of the Liamuiga National Park, and on the overall development and implementation of the various water resource management and protection mechanisms enshrined in this demonstration project will underpin the success of its implementation and delivery. The Steering Committee may also choose to create technical sub-committees to advise it on specific issues. Such technical bodies may be given a permanent status for the life of the demonstration project, where appropriate, and at the discretion of the Steering Committee. As the project evolves, the long-term intention will be for the Steering Committee to gradually roll over to become the Management Authority and for the PMU to become the Park Management Unit. The Steering Committee will report from time to time (as required by the overall IWCAM Executing Agencies), through the PMU, on the status of the demonstration project (see N. Monitoring and Evaluation). J.

Stakeholders and Beneficiaries:

Various government departments and institutions will be involved in an integrated and multisectoral approach to the development and implementation of the objectives and deliverables of this demonstration project. They include: • • • • • • • • • •

Health and Environment; The Multipurpose Laboratory; The Water Services Department; SSMC; The Ministry of Tourism, Commerce and Consumer Affairs; The Physical Planning Division of the Planning Unit; The Projects Section of the Planning Unit; The Attorney General’s Office; The Ministry of Education; and, The Department of Agriculture.

However, it will be essential to involve other non-governmental stakeholders to capture knowledge and expertise, to explore new and innovative ideas and options, to foster support for the overall process, and to

141

actively contribute to the implementation of a shared vision for the Basseterre Valley. These will include the following; • • • K.

The St. Christopher Heritage Society; Various sporting organisations; and, Other Non-governmental organisations and civic-minded groups. Long-term Sustainability Strategy:

Long term environmental planning for the Liamuiga National Park, must completely integrate all the various principles that lead to truly sustainable land development. In fragile island environments, the use of nonrenewable resources must be reduced and the environment must not be manipulated to allow activities that it is not capable of supporting. Sustainability is at least partially achieved when a resource can be conserved, recycled or obtained from a renewable source. A major component of the demonstration model would be to alter the concept of the ever-present nature of water resources so as to reflect their truly finite nature, and therefore the critical importance of maintaining their integrity and protecting their continued existence. Long-term sustainability of the project’s objectives and deliverables will hinge on demonstrating the value of the water resource, showing the threats and current bad practices which will heighten and exacerbate those threats with time, and showcasing the efficacy of options through active demonstrations of alternative practices coupled with lifestyle improvements and incentives. Financial sustainability of the project objectives and deliverables will depend on government commitment and stakeholder support. Certain disincentives for water wastage of inappropriate land use and practices may well include financial penalties. However, the focus would be on voluntary self-regulation and management where feasible. There will need to be some transfer of benefits from the commercial sector, which exploits the resource for its own financial gain, into the management process. This may require user tariffs and other revenue collection mechanisms. The presence of the Park should be a source of some funds which can be channelled back into management of the Park and the Basseterre Valley area. As part of encouraging awareness at the grass-roots level, water quality monitoring programmes (and other associated environmental monitoring) would be developed through local communities and through schools, and supervised by the Management Authority through the relevant government agency. The need for the monitoring process would be explained and communities and schools would be trained in sampling and observation. This would provide a linkage and an explanation to the overall management and policy process as well as any legislative requirements. In this manner, communities and schools would be directly involved in creating and steering the management requirements and the decision-making process. Full arrangements for long-term financing and responsibility will be developed under the component on legislative and policy amendment. Financial arrangements for management will be developed through this same component in coordination with the component on sustainability and replication. L.

Replicability:

The project will report back to the Government of St. Kitts and Nevis once the water resource management process has been successfully demonstrated, and will submit a proposed model for future replication. This report will emphasise the cost of implementing and maintaining similar management strategies in other 142

watersheds versus the long-term economic and environmental damage associated with not providing such mechanisms. It will capture the experiences in community involvement and stakeholder participation as well as the lessons and practices derived from policy reform, changes in land-use practices, incentives for water conservation, etc. Where feasible, it will identify other suitable locations within St. Kitts and Nevis where similar management approaches could and should be developed. The report will provide indications for funding sources and sustainable revenues to support such approaches. It will also include a work-plan and scheduled cost-estimates for sequential replication. Equally if not more important with respect to Replicability will be the potential for transferring the best lessons and practices developed through this demonstration to the main IWCAM project for dissemination throughout the other Caribbean SIDS. Contacts for relevant agencies, corporate bodies and/or organisations involved in the demonstration process will also be provided. This approach to groundwater and water resource management will prove extremely valuable to other Caribbean and non-Caribbean SIDS. M.

Monitoring and Evaluation Process:

The Project will be overseen by a Steering Committee made up of stakeholders to the project and chaired by the national Executing Agency, The Development Control and Planning Board. The Project Management Unit will produce a brief quarterly Progress Report updating the Steering Committee and the project Executing Agencies on the progress of the Demonstration. Once every year a detailed report will be submitted through the Steering Committee and the DC& PB to the Executing Agencies. This report will provide a full review of the workplan to identify project achievements and deliveries versus the approved schedule, budget expenditures, recommendations with respect to any amendments to workplan and budget, staff contracting and performance, and any other information required by the Steering Committee and/or the Executing Agencies. Furthermore, the Regional IWCAM Executing and Implementing Agencies will carry out monitoring and evaluation of all of the national IWCAM demonstration projects as part of the Full IWCAM Project. The End-of-Project Landscape provides initial guidance on the indicative areas of success that would need to be measured (I-IX, Section H.iii above). As part of its implementation stage, the PMU will develop a detailed list of indicators which will be approved by the Steering Committee and will be submitted to the Executing Agency as part of the PMUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first Progress Report. This indicator measurement mechanism will be linked to and measured against a baseline situation as defined in the early stages of the Demonstration Project through the establishment of a baseline inventory. N.

Co-Funding:

It is intended to approach the tourism industry for some level of co-funding to develop this tourist attraction as well as protecting vital water resources necessary for tourism (transfer of benefits). Other co-funders in the region may be attracted to supporting the rehabilitation and gardens aspect of the project. The Government of St. Kitts and Nevis intends to approach a number of regional and international agencies for assistance in implementing various project elements. These agencies include UNDP, OAS and USAID. Government will provide significant co-funding through an ongoing commitment to staff salaries and maintenance. However, for the purposes of the current project proposal, activities are intended to provide seed money to initiate the planning and management process. Other co-funding associated with well-field protection and conservation of water resources includes: BVAC (reviews) Analyze information 143 STAKEHOLDERS One way flow DCPB from stakeholders to Provides information for CABINET policy review Makes recommendations provide information to MONITORING AND EVALUATION Two way flow from evaluation of project outcomes forthepolicy DCPBchanges to the

Kuwait Fund Project = US$8,000,000 Activities: • Construction of the WSD Main Office Complex • Construction of a Laboratory • Construction of Reservoirs at Frigate Bay, St. Pauls, Newton Ground, Mansion • Equipment Procurement for Leak detection, Furnishing of Laboratory, Computers • Procurement of Submersible Pumps and Accessories • Construction of requisite pipeline to facilitate the connection of reservoirs to existing distribution network. World Bank Disaster Mitigation Project = US$550,000 Activities: • Retrofitting of each well with a standby generator to facilitate continuity of the pumps operation if the electric utility supply is disrupted • Construction of buildings to house the generators. Water Supply and Improvement Project = US$8,000,000 Activities: • Hydro-geological survey • Construction of additional (6) Reservoirs • Exploration and development of New wells • Construction of requisite pipeline to facilitate the connection of reservoirs to existing distribution network • Procurement off drill rig and compressor All of the above co-funded initiatives represent conservation measures which mitigate pressures on Basseterre, reduce wastage from the valley aquifer or generally within the distribution system (thereby easing pressure on Basseterre), streamline the overall water resource management process, and provide valuable lessons for the Basseterre demonstration. Some of the activities will provide direct baseline information for the demonstration project. II. Total: US$16,550,000

144

ANNEX A: BUDGET DETAILS A.1.

DETAILED BUDGET

BUDGET LINE

US$

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

GEF

US$ OTHER In-Kind1

SALARIES Full-Time Project Staff (24 months GEF, 12 Months LPMA) Project Manager 36 months @ $3,000/month

Administrative Assistant Stipend for LPMA

$13,440

ADMINISTRATION (12 months GEF, 12 Months LPMA) Office Rental Communication

36 months@$2000/month telephone, fax, e-mail @$300/month Travel and subsistence 9 meetings, 30 persons @$50 (stakeholders) per person Utilities Electricity, Water, etc($100 per month) Workshop costs and DSAs 9 meetings @ $1,000 per meeting EQUIPMENT Office equipment Computers and peripherals Software and licences For computers, etc Specialised computer modelling For hydro-geological equipment and software modelling Digital cameras (2) For survey and monitoring Data processing Software for scientific analysis Environmental sampling Water quality analysis, etc equipment Well-sampling gear Drilling and boring gear Vehicle 4-Wheel Drive MAINTENANCE Office Equipment Computers, etc Field Equipment Cameras, sampling equipment, well-drilling gear etc Vehicle Fuel and Servicing REPORTING AND PA Reports and Guidelines Various reports to government

Donor3

LPMA (Liamuiga Park Management $36,000 Authority) $12,000 LPMA LPMA $6,720

$72,000 $24,000

36 months @ $1000/month 7 Board Members @ $80 per month

Funds2

US$

$72,000 Gov't LPMA Gov't LPMA $3,600 Gov't LPMA $3,500 Gov't LPMA $1,200

$7,200 $10,000 $2,400 $7,200

$4,000

$10,000 $20,000 $20,000

$2,000 $10,000 $4,000

$108,000 $36,000 $20,160

$72,000 $10,800 $13,500 $3,600

$1,800

$9,000

$4,000

$14,000 $4,000

$14,000

$8,000 $1,000 $1,500

TOTAL

Gov't Gov't

$12,000 $1,000 $1,500 Gov't Gov't Gov't

$12,000 $30,000 $24,000

$2,000

$2,000 $6,000

$2,000 $10,500

$10,000

145

$4,500 Gov't, LPMA

$10,000

Public Awareness SUB-CONTRACTS Baseline Foundation Surveys

Review of Land-Use Practices and Associated Pollution Threats Development and Designation of National Park

Sensitise local, tourist and policy makers

Gov't $20,000

Hydro-geological survey Natural resource and ecosystem survey Agricultural practices review Wastewater practices review

$10,000

$30,000 $8,000,000

Design and planning consultations for Preliminary Plan Identification, ToRs and administrative structure for Management Authority

$30,000 World Bank

$30,000

$20,000 $20,000

$20,000

$15,000

$15,000 Gov't

$20,000

Full Liamuiga Park Management Plan Improving Management through Survey and report on wastage Better User-Resource Interface and options for recovery and recycling Policy and Legislative review Study and recommendations Monitoring and Compliance Study and recommendations Mechanisms Financial Sustainability Identification of long-term Mechanisms funding Basseterre Valley Water Final Integrated Strategy based Resources Management on other studies and reports Strategy Re-introduction of native Exclusion of goats and species and removal of invasives eradication of pests. Introduction of native plants. Parks Infrastructure Buildings and interpretive structures, etc. Land Acqusition

$4,500

$24,500 Gov't

$15,000

$7,560

$22,560 Kuwait Fund & World Bank

$20,000 $8,550,000 $15,000

$20,000 $15,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$20,000 Gov't

$25,000

$50,000

$75,000 Gov't

$400,000

$400,000 Govt

$5,000,000 Layout and construction of trails, fences, etc Ancestral park theme area TOTAL

$5,000,000 Gov't

$35,000

$100,000 $75,000

$530,740 $22,145,000 $217,380

146

$135,000 $75,000

Gov't $

22,893,120

A.2 BUDGET SUMMARY

US$ BUDGET LINE SALARIES EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE REPORTING AND PA SUB-CONTRACTS TOTAL

GEF $136,240 $74,500 $10,000 $30,000 $280,000 $530,740

US$ OTHER In-Kind1 $0 $20,000 $0 $0 $22,125,000 $22,145,000

147

US$ Funds2 $136,820 $4,000 $4,500 $10,000 $62,060 $217,380

TOTAL $273,060 $98,500 $14,500 $40,000 $22,467,060 $22,893,120

ANNEX B: WORKPLAN OUTPUT

ACTIVITY 1

1. Project Management 1.1 Project Management and Staff Contracted and Administration Unit 1.2 Project Office facilities established

X X

1.3 Project Steering Committee meetings 1.4 Reporting to IWCAM Executing Agencies 1.5 Project Evaluation by IWCAM EA/IAs 2. Baseline information as 2.1 Detailed Hydro-geological survey & report for Basseterre Valley foundation for policy 2.2 Detailed survey and report of natural resources, ecosystem reforms and management functions, and threats to water resources within Basseterre Valley plans 2.3 Combined report for incorporation into Water resources Management Strategy 3. Review of Land-Use 3.1 Review of agricultural practices and land-use in Basseterre valley Practices and Associated 3.2 Review of sewage and wastewater handling and treatment Pollution Threats 3.3 Combined report for incorporation into Water resources Management Strategy 3. Development and 3.1 Park definition process (Stakeholder consultations, design and designation of National planning, preliminary management plan) Park Management system 3.2 Designation of Park (legislation, Cabinet adoption process, etc) 3.3 Identification and Adoption of formal Management Authority 3.4 Finalisation and Adoption of Full Management Plan by Cabinet 4. Improving the User- 4.1 Survey of losses and wastage of resource between wellhead and endResource Interface of-pipe (including inappropriate or excessive usage) 4.2 Identification of options for recovery and recycling of water and reducing losses in distribution 4.3 Integration of finding into the Basseterre Valley Water Resources Management Plan 5. Development and 5.1 Development of proposed policy reforms, amended legislation and Adoption of Basseterre incentives for changes to practices Valley Water Resources 5.2 Identification of monitoring and compliance mechanisms for new Management Strategy reforms and legislation, including incentive mechanisms 5.3 Development of a Basseterre Valley Water Resources Management Strategy (Incorporating outputs from 2, 3, 4, 5.1 and 5.2) 5.4 Adoption of Strategy by Government of St. Kitts and Nevis 6. Replication of lessons 6.1 Adoption of mechanism for replication of management approach to and practices other areas in SKN and the Caribbean 6.2 Transfer of best practices in water resource protection and conservation

148

YEAR 1 2 3

X X

YEAR 2 2 3

X X X X

X X

X X X

YEAR 3 2 3

X X

X X X

X X

ANNEX E:

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT PROCESS FOR A NATIONAL PARK WITHIN THE BASSETERRE VALLEY (including a Conceptual Model and some guidelines on Sustainable Resource Management Principles)

The following is a brief description of the proposed indicative process for the development of the Liamuiga National Park: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

10. 11. 12. 13.

Initial Consultative stakeholder process (to include the local communities, NGOs Private sector, etc) Preparation of concept document by the Physical Planning Division; Presentation to and review by the Basseterre Valley Advisory Committee; Adoption and endorsement by the Development Control and Planning Board; Presentation of concept document to Cabinet; Cabinet approval of concept document; Land reserved for establishing the Liamuiga National Park; Application to funding agency for funding the master planning process; Public consultation; a. community consultations via town meetings and meetings with business groups; b. mass media via discussions on radio, television, video and press releases; and, c. display of plans at a public information centre; Preparation of the Master Plan, including a Management Plan, a Business and Finance Plan and a Public Awareness Plan; Approval of a Liamuiga National Park Development and Management Plan by Cabinet Establishment of the Liamuiga Park Management Authority; and, Phased implementation of the Master Plan that includes: • • • • • • • • •

the suitable fencing to prevent grazing by goats, sheep, cattle; the development of a nursery for plants; the reinstatement of agreed native species; the adoption of a long-term monitoring programme for water and soil quality; the reaffirmation of the sustainable extraction rates and potential threats; the development of drainage channels to divert threats; the implementation of an NGO-driven public awareness programme at the community and tourist level; the capture of tourism funds into management and maintenance of Park; and, the input from tourism-related commercial activities (transfer of benefits) to support the Park

A PROPOSED CONCEPTUAL MODEL (TO BE ADOPTED THROUGH A FULLY PARTICIPATORY CONSULTATIVE PROCESS) JJ. The Active Recreation Area Located nearer to the population center, the active recreation area will satisfy the demands of the population and surrounding schools for sports fields for cricket, football and other sporting activities. A children’s playground is also to be developed on this site near to the SDA School. KK.

The Botanical Gardens/Park

It is envisaged that the entire area east of the Kim Collins Highway be landscaped so as to become a living canvass on which all other developments could take place; bamboo groves, sweeping lawns, shady trees native and introduced, massed plantings of exotic species, collections of palms, meandering trails, labyrinths, arches, benches - will all serve as part of the passive recreational area. Outdoor sculptures will also grace the gardens providing a permanent exhibition space for local and Caribbean artists. 149

LL.The Arrival Building and Interpretive Centre On arrival to the Liamuiga Park, visitors will be greeted by an impressive arrival building that will serve as an interpretive centre allowing for the orientation of the visitors. The arrival building will also house the administration offices of the proposed Liamuiga Park Management Authority. The Aquifer Water Feature - Water the fountain of life Upon passing through the Arrival Building the visitors shall be immediately greeted by a dramatic water feature that will demonstrate the importance of protecting the country’s water supply through watershed management and safeguarding the aquifer from which we all drink. It will clearly establish the link between clean water and the health of the citizens of St. Kitts. The Ancestral Park: Reflecting on the struggles of our forefathers

The history of St. Kitts lives on in the blood of the people and in some customs and ways of life that still creep into today, but their story is much more than these remnants. It is a history of struggle and resistance, bloody and proud, needing to be told for us all, in a way that promotes our national pride and an understanding of our history from a Caribbean perspective. An ancestral park shall be reconstructed showcasing our important ancestors including Amerindians and slaves. The Butterfly and Insect Aviary: Metamorphosis The Butterfly Aviary will consist of a architecturally designed screened garden planted with food plants and nectar producing flowers in which thousands of butterflies are regularly released. The butterflies will be bred in a near-by insectaria and visitors will be able to witness the miracle of metamorphosis, as new butterflies emerge right before their eyes. The Orchid and Bromeliad House – Surviving on Air Orchids, the awe inspiring plants that turn love and inspiration to passion and Bromeliads, plants that truly survive on air! What better way to bring them to people so that they may see their beauty and glory than an Orchid and Bromeliad House? It will showcase local and foreign orchids and bromeliads, demonstrate propagation of these species and have a garden centre that will sell plants and cut flowers to the public.

The Herb Garden – The Balms of St. Kitts The bush medicines of St. Kitts and the herbs we use for teas will be presented in a herb garden, fresh with the smells of these plants. A comprehensive herb garden can also supply the growing demand by the hospitality sector for a wide range of fresh herbs. A tea and coffee shop offering local and international teas might be the feature restaurant here. SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES WHICH SHOULD BE EMBRACED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIAMUIGA NATIONAL PARK The following principles of Sustainable Resource Management shall be used as a guide to the sustainable development of the proposed Liamuiga National Park: 1)

Site Specific Assessment a)

Identify the area's unique resources and preserve or conserve them. 150

b) c) d) 2)

Native or Naturalised Plants and Natural Landscaping a) b) c) d) e)

Identify the geographic/topographic features of the area. Identify and conserve areas of archaeological, natural, historical and cultural significance. Identify land use in the vicinity and seek compatibility regarding development.

Should be used exclusively, except for special purpose areas. Should encourage wildlife habitation and bio-diversity. Should eliminate the need for chemical pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers Should use efficient irrigation methods and practices. Should maximise the use of integrated resource management.

Water Conservation a) Utilise native and naturalised plants, and turf grass species that are biologically correct for the area to reduce the demand for irrigation water.

Waste Management a) Solid and hazardous wastes must be reduced, recycled or reused whenever possible. b) Non-recyclable wastes must be disposed of in an environmentally sensitive manner in accordance with regulations. Periodically review waste reduction strategies and recycling methods used. c) Compost all organic wastes.

Recreational Activities a) b) c) d)

Chemical Use a) b) c)

Promote low-impact activities (such as miniature golf, cricket, football and lawn tennis etc.). Eliminate the use of fossil fuels (i.e. use of electric golf carts charged by renewable energy sources, bicycles). Not detract from or destroy natural areas. Minimise maintenance in green spaces and parks by maximising the use of native and naturalised plants.

Utilise the least atmospheric destructive forms of refrigeration, climate control, and insulation in project buildings. Minimise chemical use in maintenance activities both inside and outside. Encourage the consumption of products made with little or no chemically treated, materials.

Education a) b) c)

Include the local community as an integrated part of the development. Ensure a strong educational component. Provide for training people concerning the how's and why's of sustainable use of water resources. Provide access and an interpretation of the sustainable aspects of the project to the media. Use ongoing press releases to keep the public abreast of the programme. 151

DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PAPER A. Country(s): B. Title:

SAINT LUCIA

PROTECTING WATERSHED SERVICES AND DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT INCENTIVES IN THE FOND D’OR WATERSHED AREA OF ST. LUCIA

C. Executing Body: The project will be implemented by the Water Resources Unit (WRU) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries which reports directly to the Permanent Secretary. This Unit was established in 1999 as an offshoot of the Agricultural Engineering Services Division (AESD) within that Ministry, for the implementation of the EU-funded Water Resources Management Project. The AESD was then the single agency with major responsibility for the management of the island’s hydrometric network, but in order to give particular emphasis to water issues it was thought necessary to establish another Unit. The WRU since its establishment has been responsible for the development of the country’s first national Water Policy and has played a significant role in the development of draft legislation “The Water Resources Act of 2003” which will provide the legal basis for the continued existence of the WRU. The Unit also has responsibility for island wide hydrometric monitoring and for implementing public awareness and education programs necessary for long-term sustainable use of water resources. This is undertaken through close linkages with other agencies responsible for various aspects of natural resource management and with existing community groups and NGOs. The Unit has also been the recipient of OAS-funding through the Caribbean Council for Science and Technology project entitled "Cooperative Strengthening of National Institutions to Enhance Integrated Water Resources Management" and has functioned since its inception as the focal point for the IWCAM project. Following the finalisation of the draft legislation, an institutional review is to be undertaken to ensure that the capacity is available within the WRU to carry out the mandate stipulated for it in the Act for water resources management. This activity will be completed by July 2004. D. Cost of Project: GEF Funding US$571,200

Co-Funding US$2,122,418

• • • •

Protection of Water Supplies Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices Improved policies and regulations addressing water supply and demand Information capture to drive and support water management policy development Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare

F. Linkage to National Priorities and Programmes: 152

The aims of this project are a national priority. St. Lucia is currently reforming its approach to water resource management through the preparation of a national water policy based on the management of water as an economic product (along with a strategic plan for its implementation), through development of a new legal framework and associated institutional arrangements for integrated management of the water sector, and by privatisation of the water industry so as to attract new capital and reduce inefficiencies. These initiatives have received support from the Organisation of American States (OAS) and are currently receiving support from international agencies such as the European Union, the World Bank, and the Caribbean Development Bank. The proposal is compatible with the following International and Regional Multilateral Agreements to which the St. Lucia is a signatory: • • • • • • •

Convention on Biological Diversity The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands The Cartagena Convention and Protocols The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution (MARPOL) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) St. George’s Declaration of Principles for Environmental Sustainability in the OECS

G: Name and Post of Government Representative endorsing the Demonstration Activity: The GEF National Focal Point is Mr. Martin Satney, Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Physical Development, Housing and the Environment, while the IWCAM Focal Point is Deborah Bushell, Project Coordinator of the Water Resources Management Project H: Project Objectives and Activities: H.i.

Background:

The island of Saint Lucia is of volcanic origin and is very mountainous with lush green landscapes, comprising more than a dozen peaks and ridges over 600m. There are two main physical regions consisting of the northern half of the island that has been eroded to ridges and wide flat valleys, and the south and central regions consisting of steep walled valleys and mountain peaks. The main drainage network emanates from the mountain peaks due to the rugged topography. As a result the river channels in the upper catchments are deeply incised into the volcanic terrain. There are seven major watersheds in St. Lucia from which most of the water demand is met. These watersheds are Marquis, Roseau, Vieux Fort, Canelles, Troumasse, Fond D’or and Cul de Sac Rainfall is not evenly distributed throughout the year, with a dry season from December to May and a wet season from June to November. The rainfall in the extreme north and south is the lowest and tends to be cyclonic in nature whereas the interior receives most of the rainfall most of which is orographic in nature. There is a high risk of hurricanes from June to early October and threats of tropical storms with high winds and heavy rains through to November. Rainfall is the primary source of fresh water with 60% of the annual rainfall occurring between August to November. The uneven distribution tends to be problematic in the drier periods of February to April in the absence of adequate collection and storage facilities. The majority of the rainfall flows to the sea and there is limited opportunity for deep percolation due to the islands geological make-up, its rugged topography and the absence of intermediate collection points such as ponds and lakes.

153

In the dry season, the water available is due to river base flows as well as from limited dry season rainfall. The island tends to experience periods of drought (especially in the southern region) when the stream flows fall below known historic base flows. As a result the entire residual flow of the subcatchment is used for water supply leaving the downstream segment completely dry. The unreliability of stream flow and other data, where available, as well as the inadequacy of current monitoring programs pose one of the greatest challenges to improved water resource management. Traditionally watershed management and the conservation of watershed resources within St. Lucia has been limited to that undertaken by the Department of Forestry of the MAFF under the 1946 Soil and Water Ordinance. Resource sustainability within the watersheds for the longer term protection of water production and biodiversity has hitherto been given little consideration in national policy or legislation. Consequently there is no strategy driving sustainable conservation and management approaches such as better waste treatment, or more appropriate and sustainable agricultural practices. Furthermore, this situation is fairly common throughout the Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Current practices do little to deter wastage or reduce the loss of resources, and often result in seasonal shortages. Water quality is often poor as a result of inadequate management techniques leading to siltation, chemical pollution and biological impacts. The information base is not adequate for management planning or policy-decision purposes, and water supplies are unreliable and unpredictable. Figure 1 shows the Water Cycle in St. Lucia along with associated legal instruments and main stakeholders. The upper watersheds in St. Lucia are conserved only inasmuch as they may be protected as Forest Reserves. Privately owned land within a watershed has no such protection. Currently there is little value associated with these Forest Reserves and consequently no benefits are derived from water usage, nor are any benefits transferred to water conservation or watershed protection. Where there are laws related to protection of the watershed and water resources, enforcement and monitoring are a low priority with few resources available (financial or human) to provide support. Until recently, the Government of St. Lucia controlled and managed the water supply. Low rates and inadequate infrastructure resulted in considerable losses. More recently there has been a national recognition of the problems, and water management is currently undergoing reform by way of privatising the responsibility for water supply. The current management is through WASCO (Water and Sewerage Company Inc) which is wholly government-owned. New policies relating to water resource management and usage are being developed, including those addressing the need for revised water rates, whereby revenues from water supply would be used to cover the costs of production, storage and treatment. It is also intended that user fees be levied to defray the resource management costs. However, this needs to go further in order to achieve the policy guidance aimed at a more marketbased approach, and to provide some transfer of benefits to support the conservation and management of the watershed and the long-term protection of the water supply. In order for this to be effective, there is now a need to define the economic value of related watershed management services (as a reflection of the protection and management of the overall watershed ecosystem). Timber extraction on private lands (a major threat to the watersheds) is no longer a viable commercial concern so owners are inclined to sell off land or change its usage. Along with the decline in the banana industry, this change in land-use represents opportunities to introduce better agricultural practices and improved management of watershed resources. Opportunities are now arising to adopt more water-conserving techniques for land use, as well as to focus on improvement in water quality and a more integrated approach to watershed management.

154

One other area that the draft policy does not address is the issue of water abstraction or private production. The use of technologies such as desalination for the industrial sector could have long-term implications for the development and privatisation of the water sector. A Water Resources Management Unit has been established through funding from the European Union (Water Resources Management Project). This Unit functions as a national focal point for water issues and is helping to create a more integrated approach to water management and conservation. The EU is also supporting the development and improved management of water resources for the agricultural sector (the STABEX programme), and the World Bank is supporting the overall process of water reform. The Basic Needs Trust Fund and the Poverty Reduction Fund are two related national programmes which finance initiatives which include the connecting of poor communities to reliable water supplies. Other initiatives in support of the national priority to address watershed issues include the EU-funded Caribbean Regional Environment Programmeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Amenity Areas Network project to demonstrate the mitigation of conflicts (real and potential) between tourism and watershed/coastal ecosystems, and the OECS OPAAL (OECS Protected Areas and Associated Livelihoods) project aimed at the strengthening of existing protected areas and creation of new protected areas while providing environmentally sustainable economic opportunities for communities associated with the surrounding protected areas. Other NGO organisations such as CANARI (Caribbean Natural Resources Institute) are attempting to capture valuable lessons about how markets can be developed in ways that support watershed management and contribute to improved livelihoods. Their research can provide important feedback to watershed management in SIDS like St. Lucia. Also, the Caribbean Conservation Association (CCA) is implementing a Caribbean Regional Environment Programme (CCACREP). Through the Amenity Areas Demonstration component of CCA/CREP, the project in St. Lucia has been set up to assist in the protection and enhancement of the natural and cultural resources, and to improve the management institutions in the Fond dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Or Heritage Park. All these initiatives are directly complementary to the current proposal within St. Lucia. The main threats to sustainable management of the water supply and associated watershed and coastal management and protection are those related: 1. To the quality of the water in the watershed, and 2. To the reliable access and production of freshwater as a resource both to the human population and to biodiversity within the watershed/coastal ecosystem A significant portion of the upper watershed areas are privately owned. Change of use within this private land is resulting in marginal farming practices being adopted, with associated negative effects on water retention and quality. This private ownership also impinges on the integrity of water supply intakes located on such land. The use of pesticides, poor waste management (including sewage), and use of water supplies for washing/bathing means that abstracted water requires heavy and costly treatment. This poor water quality also has constraints on the development of tourism in such areas. Government has policies for purchasing these critical areas of water production and storage but land purchase is slow and costly. The middle watershed areas are commonly used for intensive production of bananas and short crops. This contributes significantly to soil erosion as well as agrochemical contamination. Furthermore, the general domestic activities and associated waste products of watershed communities and their individual households is contributing to pollution and erosion in the middle watershed. The government is working with community groups to develop and encourage local stewardship. Such initiatives have included stabilisation activities upstream from the intakes, as well as increasing community awareness about the impacts of human activities on water quality and availability. The relocation of intakes to less impacted and better protected areas has been proposed by at least one community, along with watershed rehabilitation activities. A national land policy is currently under development which would help to promote a more integrated approach to watershed management. However, in most of these cases, funding is the major constraint for better community management. A 155

lack of effective human resources within relevant government departments also hampers better community relations as well as enforcement of laws pertaining to water resource protection and conservation. Managing delivery and consumption of the water resource is another area of major concern. At present, the levels of water consumption along with losses in the catchment and distribution system means that demand can exceed available supply, especially during the drier periods of the year. This has resulted in rationing, particularly in rural areas, and especially in the drier southern part of the island. It may be that existing water resources could be inadequate to meet national development goals such as the economic development of the south part of the island, and more extensive national agricultural development with the associated demands for irrigation water. However, there is a strong case which suggests that better management and conservation of watershed resources, along with improvements to the distribution system and a more effective policy on domestic and commercial conservation of water, could have a marked impact on meeting the longer term demands. The government has taken positive steps in an attempt to introduce a rate structure, but this has not been rationalised to cover the full cost of production, storage, treatment and delivery. Neither does it address the equally important costs of water production (watershed protection and management). When water resources become scarce and rationing is introduced, the more fortunate who can afford such measures use their back-up tanks. However, the poorer communities then turn to the rivers for bathing, washing and drawing water and this further raises the pressure on water resources by increasing the level of contaminants ultimately resulting in poor health and sanitation. Principal watershed concerns can therefore be summarised as: 1. Quality of Water • Lack of Government control/protection of sensitive watershed areas (e.g. ground storage zones, intakes, etc). • Inadequately sensitised communities • High levels of contaminants from domestic waste and other community-related impacts, as well as poorly-regulated development within river basins. • High levels of erosion (with associated downstream and coastal suspended sediment problems) and chemical usage associated with the agricultural sector. • No financial ‘transfer-of-benefits’ from water resource users to upstream management needs. • Lack of funds and human resources to redress known concerns and impacts. 2. Reliability of Watershed Supply • Significant losses/wastage of available water resources at the catchment and delivery stage. • Ineffective or absent incentives for domestic/commercial water conservation. • A need for improved rate structure, along with the capture of revenues for better water resource management. • Lack of action to address the sustainable water storage needs within poorer communities. The Fond D’or watershed is an example of an important watershed in St. Lucia which is currently experiencing tourism development but which is also a water-scarce area. Within it lies the Fond D’or Natural Reserve and Historic Park which was established in 2001. As a tourism area, the location is experiencing problems resulting from poor water quality, inadequate solid waste management and soil and beach erosion due to unsustainable land-use practices.

156

The area includes the Mabouya Valley one of the largest expanses of land most suited to agriculture and which recently concluded a Rural Development Project which had been funded by the EU for more than ten years. At the conclusion of this Project, in August 2002, a study was completed on the “Sustainable Development of the Mabouya Valley” Such a study was deemed necessary as strategic location of the Mabouya Valley, its transportation and communication links with the rest of the country, (especially the international gateways of Castries and Vieux Fort) and its rich blend of natural, cultural and institutional resources, are recognised as having tremendous potential for advancing the development of the area and making a substantial contribution to the national economy. The sustainable development strategy proposed by the consultants for the Mabouya Valley focuses on enhancing the competitiveness of agriculture, and economic diversification into other areas, which have the potential for generating large scale employment opportunities in the short to medium-term. The strategic interventions proposed in this regard, centre on the following major areas:  Agriculture  Tourism  Information and Communications Technology  Small Business Development  Research and Development and  Cultural Entertainment  Construction  Upgrading of Economic Infrastructure For all of these to be possible it is essential that an integrated management approach to safeguard the existing resources as well as to limit coastal pollution be implemented. H.ii.

Objectives and Activities:

St. Lucia faces serious challenges in the management of its water resources. However, it is taking steps to address these challenges and to develop effective management approaches to watersheds using innovative techniques. The government recognises the potential for market-based approaches which could demonstrate effective and efficient management of watersheds, water resources, and the conservation of associated biodiversity and ecosystems throughout the watershed/coastal complex. The country has recently developed a national water policy and is in the final stages in the development of a national land policy. The involvement of many of the same stakeholders and issues across these two policies necessitates a change to a more holistic and integrated strategy. Although not traditionally a major strategy for watershed management within Saint Lucia, incentives are now being developed for water conservation and community action. Existing precedents include the incentives programme for the purchase of solar water heaters, and there is potential to expand this to include other effective water conservation incentives including roof catchment systems and appropriate cistern storage. The primary objective of this Demonstration would be the development of a model approach to participatory watershed management within a specific watershed complex (i.e. catchment areas and tributaries, river basin, river mouth). Such a management approach would capture requirements for integration with other national policies, legislation and resource management strategies. Very specifically, the model would demonstrate the use of incentives and transferred benefits within a watershed management structure to achieve reduction in wastage and loss, and to encourage better conservation and more long-term sustainable use of the resource. The participatory approach would 157

aim to capture the input and support of all stakeholders, particularly local communities, within the watershed complex. The Demonstration Project Components and their Outputs which will be adopted to achieve these primary objectives are: Watershed Management Capacity • A community management mechanism linked to a  • Full stakeholder participatory forum through an  • Integrated sectoral approach to watershed management (Government, non-government, private sector, etc.) • Development of a Watershed Management Fund or similar financial mechanism/agreement to allocate specific funds (particularly user fees/rates) directly back into the management process • Training for watershed management using best practices from other watershed management models • Use of lessons from the Demonstration to develop a National Watershed Management model (including a long-term funding mechanism) which would replicate best practices into other watersheds Information and Awareness • Initial baseline watershed inventory (resource size and value, threats, mitigations, improvement, etc as a pre-planning requirement) • An on-going programme of data collection and processing to provide relevant justification for revised policy/legislation (including monitoring of the delivery system, and domestic usage to identify wastage or loss) • Sensitisation of senior decision-makers and policy-makers • General public awareness (communities, schools, etc) Mechanisms for Sustainable Resource Protection and Conservation • Incentives for reduction in domestic and commercial wastage • Programme of improvements to reduce catchment and distribution losses • Incentives for recycling and improved community water catchment/storage (roof collection, cisterns, community holding systems) • Community incentives to promote management and monitoring of catchment and intake areas • Transferred Benefits programme to ensure users pay for management and conservation of watershed resources (focus on major commercial and private sector users), particularly through community action • Licensing of private water sales made conditional to good land practices and access for monitoring • Land acquisition and landowner agreements/incentives for assisted management of catchment and intake areas (including development of a ‘land-swap’ initiative) • Direct support to improvements to the Forest Reserve system in return for responsible management and conservation of water resources and related ‘high-productivity’ landscape • Incentives and policies to promote alternative and appropriate agricultural practices (more tree crops, better irrigation management, use of recycled water, reduction and better management of agrochemicals) • Capture of all of above mechanisms and recommendations into relevant legislation and policy 158

It is intended to implement a more integrated approach to this watershed demo from the outset by using the various resources available both from the potential GEF assistance, and from other interested and active parties. As such, GEF will focus on certain components and outputs, and will coordinate and integrate its activities closely with other agencies that will take responsibility for other outputs. This will ensure that GEF addresses only those areas which are eligible for GEF funding, but recognises the need for other non-eligible areas to be integrated into the overall demonstration, and therefore develops working partnerships with other co-funders to address these component parts of the overall demonstration approach. To this effect it is important to recognise existing and planned activities, and to ensure complementarity. The GEF inputs will both build on existing initiatives as well as run in parallel with planned initiatives. CANARI (Caribbean Natural Resources Institute) is about to begin work within the Talvern watershed. This would be a somewhat smaller and more targeted initiative aimed at working within the community. CANARI already undertook a diagnostic study of watershed management in St. Lucia in order to identify opportunities to develop market and incentive-based tools to improve management and increase local involvement. During 2004, they intend to implement a 12-month research project using the Talvern water intake as a test case, for the purpose of 1. Developing methods and guidelines for assessing and valuing community watershed protection inputs to beneficiaries and monitoring the impacts of those inputs; 2. Exploring and selecting options for sustaining effective community-based services. The findings, methods, and guidelines will provide necessary inputs to the IWCAM activities related to community incentives to promote management and monitoring of catchment and intake areas. The CANARI project will also sensitise persons within government and the water sector on the rationale and need for market and incentive-based approaches to watershed management, and provide training and practical experience to key partners, who would also have lead roles in the IWCAM project. CANARI will also undertake in 2004 a study, based largely on St. Lucia’s experience with water sector reform, to determine the extent to which market-based approaches at the supply and demand sides of the water cycle will lead to the internalisation of costs of watershed protection services. This research and the recommendations coming out of it will provide a basis for the development, through the IWCAM project, of a “transferred benefits programme to assure that users pay for management and conservation of watershed resources (focus on major commercial and private sector users)”. It will also support other activities of the IWCAM project, including those related to the development of a mechanism/agreement to allocate user fees/rates back into watershed management. CANARI will contribute to building capacity in key agencies, to assure the effective implementation of the IWCAM project and the sustainability of its impact, through training and study tours, and action learning groups. The end intention of the partnership between CANARI and IWCAM is to use the lessons and start-up practices gained from CANARI’s community initiatives in Talvern as guidance and lessons for the IWCAM project working in Fond D’or. CANARI’s work will be drawing to a close in Talvern just as IWCAM’s demonstration project is about to start in Fond D’or and their last activity will be the analysis of findings which would link into IWCAM initial activities. It is intended to orchestrate the capture of the valuable lessons from CANARI’s work through a regional seminar and to involve the expertise gained in Talvern in the IWCAM project implementation through relevant workshops and training exercises. Full details of CANARI’s complementary inputs to the IWCAM project are listed below under Section N: Co-Funding. 159

CCA (Caribbean Conservation Association), through the Amenity Areas Demonstration sites component of CREP (Caribbean Regional Environment Programme), have also expressed a strong intent to work closely and in partnership with IWCAM within the Fond D’or watershed area. As part of this programme, the CREP is aiming to implement an Integrated Resource Management and Sustainable Livelihoods Plan Development for the Fond D’or Nature and Historic Park. The purpose of this project will be to protect and enhance the natural and cultural resources, and improve the management institutions in the Fond d'Or Heritage Park to increase its income generation thereby providing direct and indirect benefits to the surrounding communities. CCA has developed a full project for this site. Within this initiative, funds have been identified to undertake the following activities: 1.

Link government and NGO focal points to an Amenity Areas Network being established through the project.

Preparation of an Integrated Resource and Sustainable Livelihoods Management Plan

Prepare development plans for the Park

However, for effective completion of the objectives, further funding will be required for: • • • • •

Institutional strengthening and capacity building Integrated Watershed Management Enhancing the physical and interpretive elements Developing a marketing plan Monitoring and evaluation

The CCA under its Strategic Plan for Expansion and Continuity (SPEC) of the CREP activities is seeking out mechanisms to secure financing for the effective completion of the CREP objectives at the St. Lucia Demonstration site. Recognizing the clear linkages between CREP and IWCAM, the CCA is fully endorsing the IWCAM initiative in St. Lucia as a very feasible opportunity for expansion and continuity of the CREP in St. Lucia. Clearly elements 1, 2 and 5 could fall under the broader activities of the IWCAM Demonstration. Also, to some extent, it would be valuable for the IWCAM initiative within the overall watershed to participate in element 4 as this may have impacts on overall management of the watershed areas as well as incentives and compliance. In exchange, the IWCAM Demo activities would benefit from the CCA CREP activities, especially the Integrated Resource and Livelihoods Plan. Further details of the co-funding elements related to this CREP initiative can be found below under Section N: Co-Funding. The Water Resources Management Project, implemented by the WRU is an initiative of the Government of St. Lucia with funding provided by the European Union which seeks to address the following: 1. 2. 3. 4.

The establishment of a Water Resources Management Unit (WRMU); Training of personnel in fields of applied water management; Rationalisation of the legal framework for water sector management; Establishment of appropriate legislative and regulatory frameworks to support private sector investment in irrigation; 5. Installation of monitoring systems to measure water availability and all other related hydrometric data in respect of water management; 160

6. Public and farmer sensitization in water conservation and water resource management; 7. Implementation of management controls within critical watersheds in collaboration with relevant stakeholders such as the Department of Forestry, the Water and Sewerage Company and local community groups to ensure sustained water supply; With respect to the IWCAM the WRUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main focus in the field will be hydrometric monitoring, the implementation of management controls and will have responsibility for the overall coordination of the agency initiatives (such as CANARI, CCA and the MAFF) as well as the continued involvement and strengthening of the community-based groups. H.iii. End-of Project Landscape: By the end of the demonstration period it is intended to show a model watershed system where water quality is of a high standard, and where the management of the resource from capture to delivery to recycling is working effectively and is sustainable. Communities should notice a marked improvement in the condition of water resources and should be positive and supportive towards the model. The overall condition of the watershed environment and its biological resources should have improved or been maintained without deterioration. In particular the following indicators should be apparent: I. A functioning and sustainable fully-integrated watershed management model (incorporating all necessary elements of community involvement, stakeholder participation, inter-sectoral governmental cooperation, etc) which can be replicated throughout the country and proved guidance for a national mechanism II. A sustainable watershed management funding mechanism (either through a specific Fund or through formal agreements with a revenue collection body) to support the on-going and long term activities necessary to continue the effective management of the watershed III. Enhanced awareness of watershed management issues, and support from all sectors (policy, technical, community, commercial stakeholders) IV. An information collection, database and monitoring programme aimed at providing direct support to policy decisions, legislative tuning and effective compliance V. Quantifiable reductions in loss and wastage along with increased incentives for water conservation and recycling VI. Improved quality of life within the watershed and coastal communities related to the better management and provision of water resources (no shortages or rationing, improved water quality) The regional environmental benefits from developing such a model would be in its replication within other relevant Caribbean SIDS situations. The adoption of effective models for watershed management should result in a marked regional improvement in coastal and watershed environmental quality, supported by communities and stakeholders who recognise improvements within their own quality of life as a result of these initiatives. It is intended that lessons and best practices from this model and from the demonstration approach as a whole could be transferred globally to other SIDS (and non-SIDS) situations as relevant. I. Project Management Structure and Accountability: A Project Management Unit (PMU) would be set up within what is currently the Water Resources Management Unit (or which ever government-related institution assumes the responsibility for integrated water resource management). This would be staffed as necessary but with at least a Project Officer, an Administrative Assistant, and a Community Linkage Officer. The Project Officer will

161

report directly to the Coordinator of that Unit and ultimately to Permanent Secretary of the Ministry responsible for water resources. The PMU will be guided and instructed by a Steering Committee. This Committee will include representatives from the Water and Sewerage Commission, Lands & Survey Department, Forestry Department, Tourism Department / Heritage Tourism, Community Development, Planning Department, Finance & Economic Department, CANARI representative, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries (Chair). It will also include representation from the community, from a relevant NGO, and from the private sector. Other members may be co-opted at the discretion of the permanent membership. The Steering Committee may also choose to create technical sub-committees to advise it on specific issues. Such technical bodies may be given a permanent status for the life of the demonstration project, where appropriate, and at the discretion of the Steering Committee. The Steering Committee will report from time to time (as required by the overall IWCAM Executing Agencies), through the PMU, on the status of the demonstration project. J. Stakeholders and Beneficiaries: The following is a preliminary list of stakeholders and their involvement. Others may arise during the course of the demonstration or even prior to its implementation. • • • • • • •

Local Community – currently impacted by an inadequate water supply and poor water quality. Water and Sewerage Commission – Need to develop a mechanism for valuing water resources to allow for setting of rates and tariffs which can be used to support management structure and transferred toward direct in-field management of the resource. Tourism – Linked to presence of existing resources and their sustainability. Also a potential major user and should therefore be required to support management of resource. Agriculture – A potential threat (chemicals and over-abstraction) but also a user. Improvements in agricultural practices are essential for the long term sustainability of the resource. Various Government Departments – The management of the resource needs to be integrated through a number of government stakeholder departments including those responsible for water supply, environment, forestry, agriculture, development, community welfare, health, etc. Policy Makers - There is a need here to develop a system for natural resource accounting and valuation. This would better direct decision-makers on the appropriate use of the resource and the management of associated development. Other funded initiatives – a number of other initiatives within St. Lucia are complementary and even directly related (both geographically and in objectives) to this current proposed demonstration. These include an EU initiative on agricultural diversification and poverty reduction, and a regional initiative by the Caribbean Conservation Association which is looking at amenity areas and their links to sustainable livelihoods, and a Caribbean Conservation Association initiative for integrated resource and livelihood management within the Fond D’or area (see Co-funding below).

K: Long-term Sustainability Strategy: A major component of the demonstration model would be to show how valuation of water resources, and the ecosystem functions which support and conserve these resources, can lead to realistic and justifiable user tariffs which can be channelled into the watershed management process. Other mechanisms for sustainable management, which do not require the direct collection of revenues, 162

would include incentives for better management and conservation of resources as discussed above under Project Objectives and Activities. The PMU and the Steering Committee would work closely with the government-related institution responsible for integrated water resource management, and would leave behind a legacy of an effective model funding system for watershed management. As part of encouraging awareness at the grass-roots level, water quality monitoring programmes (and other associated environmental monitoring) would be developed through local communities and through schools. The need for the monitoring process would be explained and communities and schools would be trained in sampling and observation. This would provide a linkage and an explanation to the overall management and policy process as well as any legislative requirements. Communities and schools would be directly involved in creating and steering the management requirements and the decision-making process. L: Replicability: As part of the projects objectives and activities, a national model for watershed management would be extrapolated from the lessons and best practices identified through this watershed demonstration. This national model would specifically identify community management and involvement, integration of community concerns with those of the private sector and government, monitoring and compliance, and an effective and sustainable funding mechanism to support a national watershed management initiative. The project will report back to the Government of St. Lucia once the watershed management process has been successfully demonstrated, and submit a proposed national model. This report will emphasise the cost of implementing and maintaining similar management strategies in other watersheds versus the long-term economic and environmental damage associated with not providing such mechanisms. It will identify suitable locations within St. Lucia where similar management approaches could and should be developed. The report will provide indications for funding sources and sustainable revenues to support such approaches. It will also include a work-plan and scheduled cost-estimates for sequential replication. Best lessons and practices developed through this demonstration will be transferred to the main IWCAM project for dissemination throughout the other Caribbean SIDS. Contacts for relevant agencies, corporate bodies and/or organisations involved in the demonstration process will also be provided. M: Monitoring and Evaluation Process: The Project will be overseen by a Steering Committee made up of stakeholders to the project and chaired by the national Executing Agency, the Water Resources Management Unit. The Project Management Unit will produce a brief quarterly Progress Report updating the Steering Committee and the project Executing Agencies on the progress of the Demonstration. Once every year a detailed report will be submitted through the Steering Committee to the Executing Agencies. This report will provide a full review of the workplan to identify project achievements and deliveries versus the approved schedule, budget expenditures, recommendations with respect to any amendments to workplan and budget, staff contracting and performance, and any other information required by the Steering Committee and/or the Executing Agencies. Furthermore, the Regional IWCAM Executing and Implementing Agencies will carry out monitoring and evaluation of all of the national IWCAM demonstration projects as part of the Full IWCAM Project. The End-of-Project Landscape provides initial guidance on the indicative areas of success that would need to be measured (I-VI, Section H.iii above). As part of its implementation stage, the PMU will 163

develop a detailed list of indicators which will be approved by the Steering Committee and will be submitted to the Executing Agency as part of the PMUâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s first Progress Report. This indicator measurement mechanism will be linked to and measured against a baseline situation as defined in the early stages of the Demonstration Project through the establishment of a baseline inventory. N: Co-Funding: Major partners within this demonstration project will be CANARI (Caribbean Natural Resources Institute) and CCA (Caribbean Conservation Association). GEF would work closely with CANARI and CCA as direct partners (as well as co-funders) through the National Project Management Unit to undertake the Full Demonstration activities. CANARI has been engaged since 2002 in a project funded by DFID to identify the requirements and develop the tools for market-based approaches in four countries of the Caribbean, including St. Lucia. CANARI has already undertaken much of the background study required to identify priority areas and community needs. The following lists the direct co-funding contributions which CANARI have agreed they will be bringing to the IWCAM project, In return, they recognise the co-funding nature of the IWCAM project to their own initiative and welcome this partnership. Activity 1: Diagnostic on incentives for watershed services in St. Lucia In 2002, CANARI undertook a diagnostic study of watershed management in St. Lucia in order to identify opportunities to develop market and incentive-based tools to improve management and increase local involvement. The results of the study were shared with the WRMU and other partners in St. Lucia, have informed the development of the IWCAM pilot project, and will continue to inform its implementation phase. OO. PP. CANARI co-funding: $8,500 in personal services and travel Activity 2: Action-learning on market-based approaches During 2004, CANARI will implement a 12-month research project using the Talvern water intake as a test case, for the purpose of: 1. Developing methods and guidelines for: a. Assessing and valuing community watershed protection inputs to beneficiaries b. Monitoring the impacts of those inputs 2. Exploring and selecting options for sustaining effective community-based services a. Assessment of costs incurred by community groups in providing watershed protection services, including study of how provision of services impacts on livelihoods b. Assessment of existing methods and potential options for cost recovery c. Assessment of factors constraining cost recovery d. Development and testing of strategies for maintaining services through direct or indirect payments from service providers to beneficiaries e. Identification of legal and policy requirements for implementation The findings, methods, and guidelines from this activity will provide necessary inputs to the IWCAM activities related to community incentives to promote management and monitoring of catchment and intake areas. The CANARI project will also sensitise persons within government and the water sector on the rationale and need for market and incentive-based approaches to watershed management, and

164

provide training and practical experience to key partners, who would also have lead roles in the IWCAM project. QQ. RR. CANARI co-funding: $20,500 in personal services, travel, and documentation Activity 3: Research on water sector reform During 2004-2005, CANARI will undertake a study, based largely on St. Lucia’s experience with water sector reform, to determine the extent to which market-based approaches at the supply and demand sides of the water cycle will lead to the internalization of costs of watershed protection services. This research and the recommendations coming out of it will provide a basis for the development, through the IWCAM project, of a “transferred benefits programme to assure that users pay for management and conservation of watershed resources (focus on major commercial and private sector users)”. It will also support other activities of the IWCAM project, including those related to the development of a mechanism/agreement to allocate user fees/rates back into watershed management. CANARI co-funding: $37,000 in personal services, travel, meetings, and documentation Activity 4: Capacity-building CANARI will contribute to building capacity in key agencies, to assure the effective implementation of the IWCAM project and the sustainability of its impact, through: 1. Training: support to participation of St. Lucians in workshops on resource valuation, hydrology assessment, and institutional arrangements for market-based approaches to watershed management that improve livelihoods, based on best practices in the region. 2. Study tours: support to participation of St. Lucians in study tours to see how integrated watershed management is addressed and market-based approaches are being developed in other countries, potentially including India, South Africa, and Indonesia 3. Action-Learning Group: participation of St. Lucians in the project’s Action-Learning Group, which will visit and exchange experiences among countries in the Group (Grenada, Jamaica, St. Lucia, and Trinidad) and provide leadership for the overall project CANARI co-funding: $20,000 for training and participation in Action-Learning Group IIED co-funding for international study tours (amount depends on number of tours; a conservative estimate based on 1 tour and 2 St. Lucian representatives would be $10,000) Total CANARI co-funding: US$ 86,000 Total IIED co-funding: a minimum of US$ 10,000 The European Union is currently funding a national project entitled ‘Economic and Agricultural Diversification and Poverty Reduction through Integrated Natural Resource Management. This part of the EU’s Special Framework of Assistance for Traditional Suppliers of Bananas. Despite the apparent focus on agricultural issues, the purpose of this initiative (with a commitment of EUR 8 million) is to improve the management of St. Lucia’s natural resources by building capacity and by developing consensus on a collective vision for the efficient, sustainable and equitable use of these resources. The project has 6 primary outputs: 1. Programme Management Capacity Development 2. A Legislative and Policy Framework to support Integrated Natural Resource Management (INRM) 165

3. 4. 5. 6.

A System for Effective Planning, Coordination and Decision-making for INRM A Natural Resource Continuous Assessment System Strengthening Community Participation in INRM An Environmental Management Fund for Financing INRM

Although the focus of this EU-funded project is to develop an overall integrated national approach to natural resource management, the complimentary nature and potential for cooperative action between the current proposal and the INRM initiative are inherently clear. All of the outputs relate directly to a specific need within watershed management. In fact, under output ‘5. Strengthening Community Participation in INRM’, there is a specific intent to develop participatory watershed management plans and compliance mechanisms for critical watershed. A Demonstration Model as an outcome of the current proposal could provide a most valuable set of lessons and best practices which could be replicated as appropriate in other watersheds, and on a national basis. Annex A lists relevant areas of co-funding from this EU project to the IWCAM Demonstration Project. The following Project activities will serve as co-financing contributions to the IWCAM: •

Output 2: Appropriate Legislative and Policy Framework for INRM established  Survey on land and water resource use to inform legislative and policy interventions;  Develop and institute systems of controls and enforcement mechanisms based on the optimal use of lands in the interest of soil and water conservation; (Support for workshops, meetings and consultations toward the development of integrated management approaches – US$ 20,000);

•

Output 3: Effective Planning, Coordination and Decision-Making System  Assess and recommend improvements and mechanisms for increasing coordination between key agencies and stakeholders  Determine data and information management requirements and structures for effective coordination, including development and update of vulnerability indices  Establish criteria for priority setting among INRM interventions (Consultancies – US 30,000)

•

Output 4. Natural Resource Assessment System Provide support for routine monitoring of the critical parameters required to assess the status of the natural resource on an affordable basis  Undertake or update (as appropriate), analyses of the social, economic and cultural factors impacting natural resource management, including user behaviour, elasticity of demand, valuation of the resource base with particular emphasis on watershed vulnerability assessment and classification, the potential effects of urban growth and changing land use patterns, etc  Undertake climatalogical and hydrological monitoring including continued support for the upgrading of agrometeorologic database and stream gauging stations (information system)  Establish a land and water resource information system and associated user interface as the basis of a comprehensive Decision Support System (DSS). (Equipment; supplies; human resources – US$ 70,000) 

Output 5: Community Participation  Conduct public sensitisation and awareness building programmes on INRM  Empower community to participate more effectively in INRM initiatives, 166

 Develop a participatory watershed management plan and compliance mechanisms;  Encourage the formation and facilitate the sustainability of natural resource special interest groups among farmers, schools etc. to perform an active role in water catchment maintenance (especially erosion and pollution control), waste management, and biodiversity conservation. (Public Awareness programmes – US$ 40,000) •

      

Output 6: EMF Stabilisation of vulnerable areas through reforestation Watershed improvement interventions including bio-engineering methods; Riverbank stabilization and interventions to reduce flood risk, Water supply systems for both potable water and hillside irrigation, Systems for solid and liquid waste management in rural communities especially in upland areas; Coastal zone interventions in near shore and marine areas; Eco/heritage tourism interventions, (Implementation of approved interventions – US 500,00)

The CCA through its Caribbean Regional Environmental Programme (CREP) is planning to implement a demonstration project at the Fond d’Or site. This project has common objectives to the IWCAM demonstration project in St. Lucia. CREP, which is funded by the European Union, seeks to strengthen regional cooperation in conservation management and sustainable development of Amenity Areas. Amenity Areas are sensitive natural areas having key economic and ecological value requiring special management to ensure their sustainability. CCA CREP is undertaking such demonstration projects throughout the 13 participating CARIFORUM Member States. These demonstration projects will combine elements of sustainable livelihood intervention (through the sustainable use of natural resources), awareness building initiatives, and capacity building (where such support can be seen to be sustainable). The CCA CREP Fond D’or demonstration project is set up to assist in the protection and enhancement of the natural and cultural resources, and to improve the management institutions in the Fond d’Or Heritage Park. The complimentary CCA CREP activities include: Activity 1: Connecting Focal Points to network and training. This activity seeks to develop and strengthen the capacities of the voluntary Fond D’or Committee that has responsibility for planning and oversight of park operations and on site park management and the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. It is envisaged that this capacity will be built through supply of computer hardware, software and training in use. These will be linked to the Regional Amenity Areas Network (RAAN) of the overall CCA/CREP interventions. Training in project management and administration would be provided as well as integrated watershed management. Capacity is envisaged to be further built through the development of workshops and short courses in park management, heritage tourism development, environmental impact assessment and conflict management. This activity further foresees the development of a participatory/consultative process that would facilitate the formalization of the existing committee into a co-management council that would provide policy guidance and oversight of the management of the park. It is anticipated that this committee would comprise relevant governmental, non-governmental 167

and community based representatives. This would be done through a stakeholder identification process. Activity 2: Preparation of an integrated watershed management plan. This activity envisages that the established co-management council and park staff would work with the water resources management unit, the water and sewerage Authority, the Forestry Division and the Coastal Zone Management Department to develop the legislative and institutional framework required to protect and manage the watershed. The plan is expected to cover policies for land ownership and the identification of incentives to encourage appropriate practices as well as forest and water management, pollution, soil erosion abatement and solid waste disposal. Activity 3: Preparation of Development plan This activity includes the upgrading of existing physical assets, modernization/enhancement of interpretive methods as well as developing new attractions and services. Proposals include the development of a mini-rail ride, banana museum and tour, installation of exhibits and audio-visual displays, improvement of hiking trails (including proper signage), development of bird watching, development of recreational amenities. The funding for the CREP activities which are complementary to the GEF Demonstration Initiative is as follows: Connecting focal points to network and training Preparation of integrated watershed management plan Preparation of Development plans Contingency

US$25,500 US$41,050 US$15,000 US$ 4,077

Total

US$ 85,627

Funding under the Water Resources Management Project (see above for details), is as follows:

ACTIVITY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

EC$ Establishment of Water 578,394 Resources Management Unit Training 83,126 Regulatory and Legislative 127,181 Review Watershed Hydrological 140,757 Monitoring Public/Farmer Sensitisation 450,608 Watershed Rehabilitation & 39,000 Assessment Project Management 825,251 Contingencies

112,216 2,303,948 168

EU US $ 215,000

EC $ 1060,000

GOSL US $ 394,316

31,000 47,311 52,361 167,600 14,500

99,500

37014

307,000

427,000

158,842

41,744 857,059

79,325 1,720,535

29508 640,032

ANNEX A: A.1.

BUDGET DETAILS

DETAILED BUDGET

BUDGET LINE

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

US$

GEF

OTHER

TOTAL

In-Kind1

Funds2

Donor3

SALARIES Project Manager

$2,500 per Month for 48 months

$120,000

Secretary

$1,400 per Month for 48 months

$67,200

Community Animator/Field Officer

$1,500 per month for 48 months

$72,000

Administrative support to Watershed Management Body

$2,000 per month for X 36 (starting after 1st year)

$72,000 Gov't/WRU

TRAVEL

$72,000 $0

Attendance of meetings/fora by stakeholders

8 meetings x 20 persons x $40 (+ 5 government persons co-funded)

Cost of community travel

Cost for project staff and community representatives

$6,400

$1,600

Gov't/WRU

$8,000

$4,000

$2,000

Gov't/WRU

$6,000

$4,000

$800

ADMINISTRATION Workshops/meeting/consultations (INRM)

Rental and human resource

Stakeholder meeting Costs

8 X $600

Office Rental

$500 per month for 48 months each

Computers

2 computers and peripherals data analysis, etc

Government software General Office Supplies

$20,000 Govt/EU

$24,000

$4,800

Gov't

$24,000

$12,000

Office supplies @$200 per month for 24 months each

$20,000

Gov't

$12,000

$4,800

$3,000

Gov't

$3,000

$4,800

Gov't

$9,600

UTILITIES (EHM Office) Electricity

$200 per month for 24 months each

$9,600

Gov't

$9,600

Telephones

$150 per month for 24 months each

$7,200

Gov't

$7,200

Water

$50 per month for 24 months each

$2,400

Gov't

$2,400

$3,000

Gov't

$28,000

$30,000

Govt/EU

$30,000

$10,000 Govt/EU

$15,000

EQUIPMENT Data/GIS capture and storage equipment

GPS (x2), data storage through palm tops and onto GIS

Scientific Sampling Equipment

Water quality, photographic, soil analyses, etc Water quality, photographic, soil analyses, etc 4 wheel drive

$25,000

2 x Motorcycles/Off road quad bikes

$14,000

$2,000

Laboratory equipment (water quality)

Vehicle Vehicle

$25,000

$5,000

MAINTENANCE Equipment shipments Boat rental

Shipping from UK and USA Coastal and river water quality monitoring

$4,000

Gov't

$8,000

Vehicle running costs - fuel

First 24 months GEF, remaining 24 months gov't

$4,800

Gov't

$9,600

Equipment maintenance costs

Field and lab scientific equipment

$4,000

Vehicle maintenance costs

Servicing, spares and repairs

$2,000

169

TRAINING Watershed management

Training course for managers and community

Sectoral Integration and Networking

Training and guidance

Data Collection, GIS and analysis

Training (desk-top and infield)

Regional study tours

Lesson learning study tours

$15,000

$20,000

CANARI

$35,000

$2,000

$29,577

CREP

$31,577

$20,000 Govt/EU

$20,000

$8,000

$10,000

IIED CANARI

$18,000

$4,000

Gov't

$8,000

$10,000

Gov't

$10,000

$5,000

Gov't/EU

$11,000

$1,497,091 Govt'/EU

$1,497,091

PUBLICATIONS AND AWARENESS Publications for project

Magazines and reports

Policy level sensitisation

Conference x 2 (issues and project results)

Awareness materials

Video and TV

$6,000

SUBCONTRACTS AND STUDIES Establishment and Implementation of the Saint Lucia WRMU, training, Water Resources Management Unit (WRMU) and regulatory review, Project watershed monitoring, community/farmer sensitisation, watershed rehabilitation Development of National Watershed Management model for government

Tourism development and sustainability study

Baseline inventory of watershed and resources Data and information processing initiative

Gov't Plan for integrated water resource management. CANARI study of watershed management (2002) To address potential impacts and benefits of tourism National expert consultation and field study Development and training

$20,000

$18,500

Gov't, CANARI

$38,500

$10,000

$5,000

Gov't/EU

$15,000

Gov't/EU

$30,000

$30,000 $15,000

Identifying incentives for water waste reduction and Consultancy and reporting improvements in catchment storage Developing Transferred Benefits and landowner agreements, cooperative management, land-swaps and other incentives and mechanisms

Consultancy, workshops and revision of legislation and policy

Improvements to forest reserves

National report and workshop, in-field implementation and enforcement

Alternative Agricultural and harvesting practices

Report and workshop to feed into legislative/policy review Development of revised legislation based on data capture and studies

Legislative review acting on all of above activities

Long-term watershed monitoring programme

Monitoring of natural resources, compliance, impacts and mitigations

Talvern Watershed Study

Valuing community inputs, monitoring impacts, sustainable community based services

Development of a Fond D'or Watershed Management Consultations and strategy Plan Sustainable funding mechanism

1 = Non-cash contributions of services and/or support

$15,000 $20,000

Gov't/EU

$20,000

$37,000

CANARI

$62,000

$30,000

Gov't/EU

$30,000

$20,000

Gov't/EU

$20,000

$35,000

Govt/EU

$35,000

$20,000

$70,000

Gov't/EU

$90,000

$5,000

$20,500

CANARI

$25,500

$25,000

$66,550

CREP

$91,550

$10,000

$5,000

$571,200

$443,527

$25,000

Report to identify funding sources for maintenance of treatment system, Moorings, monitoring and compliance etc

TOTAL

2 = Actual financial contribution

170

Gov't

$1,678,891

$15,000

$2,693,618

3 = Name of co-funding donor

BUDGET SUMMARY

BUDGET LINE SALARIES TRAVEL ADMINISTRATION UTILITIES (EHM Office) EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE TRAINING PUBLICATIONS AND AWARENESS SUBCONTRACTS AND STUDIES

US$ GEF $269,600

US$ OTHER In-Kind Funds Donor $3,600 $72,000

$20,800 $0 $69,000 $16,800 $25,000 $10,000 $160,000

$800 $0 $33,000 $0 $59,577 $19,000 $327,550

$51,800 $19,200 $10,000 $8,800 $20,000 $0 $1,497,091

$345,200 $0 $73,400 $19,200 $112,000 $25,600 $104,577 $29,000 $1,984,641

$571,200

$443,527

$1,678,891

$2,693,618

171

US$ TOTAL

ANNEX B:

WORKPLAN

OUTPUT 1. Project Management and Administration Unit

2. Developing Watershed Management Capacity

3. Promoting Information and Awareness

4. Identifying and Implementing Mechanisms for Sustainable Resource Protection and Conservation

ACTIVITY

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 YEAR 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1.1 Project Management and staff contracted X 1.2 Project Office facilities established X 1.3 Project Steering Committee meetings X 1.4 Reporting to IWCAM Executing Agencies 1.5 Project Evaluation by IWCAM EA/IAs 2.1 Develop Community Management mechanism

2.2 Implement full Stakeholder Forum 2.3 Build an integrated sectoral management approach using 2.1 and 2.2 linked to government 2.4 Establish financial mechanism for transferring funds to management process. 2.5 Watershed management training 2.6 Development of a National Watershed Management model for formal presentation to government 3.1 Undertake baseline inventory of watershed

X X

X X X X

X X

X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X X 3.2 Establish data and information processing to guide policy and legislation X X 3.3 Public awareness and senior policy level sensitisation X X X 4.1 Developing incentives for water resource waste reduction

X X

X X X X X

4.2 Implement improvement in catchment and storage 4.3 Promote management and monitoring of catchment and intake areas through community incentives 4.4 Develop and implement a programme of transferred benefits to support upper watershed management 4.5 Establish landowner agreements for best landuse practices, cooperative management and landswaps 4.6 Water resource management and conservation related improvements to Forest Reserve system 4.7 Establish incentives and policies for alternative and best agricultural practices 5. Sustainability and 5.1 Agreement on sustainable funding mechanism Replication of lessons and political support and practices 5.2 Long-term watershed monitoring programme 5.3 Replication and sustainability/financing plan to government

172

X X X X X X

X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X

X X X X X

X X X X

GEF-IWCAM DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PROPOSAL A. Participating countries: B. Title:

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

LAND-USE PLANNING AND WATERSHED RESTORATION AS PART OF A FOCUSED IWCAM DEMONSTRATION IN THE COURLAND WATERSHED AND BUCCOO REEF AREA

B. Executing body: C. Cost of Project:

BUCCOO REEF TRUST GEF: $673,000

Co-Funding: $50,719,700

D. Linkage to IWCAM GEF Project Priority Demonstrations: Coastal area Management and Biodiversity Conservation • Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy Land and marine-based sources of pollution • Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater. • Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes • Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices E. Linkage to National Priorities: The project has linkages with the following national priorities as listed in the “Protecting Our Environment” Action Plan for 2002-2007 produced by the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. a) Implementing the ‘polluter pay’ principle b) Establishment of an Environmental Protection and Enhancement Programme c) Demarcation of environmentally sensitive areas which are important for the sustenance of life and the environment d) Establishment of a system of protection for environmentally-sensitive species both on land and in the sea e) Strengthening of environmental legislation in the area of water pollution, noise pollution, industrial pollution, recycling of waste and beverage deposits The proposal is also compatible with the following International and Regional Multilateral Agreements to which the Trinidad and Tobago is a signatory: • • • •

Convention on Biological Diversity The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands The Cartagena Convention and its protocols The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)

Workplan for the Environmental Audits for Sustainable Tourism – EAST – June, 2003.

173

The project is fully endorsed and supported by the Tobago House of Assembly and the Government of Trinidad and Tobago (see Letter of Endorsement in Annex below) F. Name and Post of Government Representative Endorsing the Demonstration Project G. Project Objectives and Activities H.i Background The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is a twin island nation located at the south- eastern end of the Caribbean archipelago. Tobago has an area of 300 km 2 and its dominant relief feature is a metamorphic and volcanic mountain range, the Main Ridge, which runs parallel to the coastline for about two-thirds of the length of the island attaining a maximum elevation of 550 metres above mean sea level. This ridge slopes off steeply to the north-east and more gently to the south-west. The more highly populated southwestern end of the island is a flat coral limestone platform that extends seaward to form the off-shore coral reefs, the largest of which is the famous Buccoo Reef. 1. The major issues threatening Buccoo Reef In the last two decades, Buccoo Reef and other fringing reefs in South-West Tobago have suffered substantial loss of live coral cover and a reduction in the diversity of marine fauna. A number of studies (1,2,3,4) designed to examine the extent and cause of the coral loss, have revealed that the largest contributing factor has been a widespread deterioration in coastal water quality. Elevated levels of ammonia, nitrate and phosphate, as well as in an increase in water turbidity from silt and phytoplankton blooms, have all contributed to coastal eutrophication and siltation that is leading to an ecological shift away from coral-dominated to plant-dominated communities. This is a typical phenomenon in the Caribbean, where eutrophication and sedimentation of coastal areas are considered to be the greatest cause of coral loss (5). 2. The Direct Causes of eutrophication and siltation A recent study (4) undertaken by the Buccoo Reef Trust using stable isotopes (N14/N15) indicated that the high nutrient levels on Buccoo Reef originate from land-based sources of sewage. Approximately 80% of households in South-West Tobago have soak-away septic tanks built into the porous coral limestone rock which leach nutrients into the subterranean ground-water that eventually seeps out onto the inshore reefs. The remaining households are connected to several small sewage treatment plants which mostly have been delivering inadequate levels of treatment. The effluent from these plants enters coastal waters at known point sources of contamination where high levels of fecal bacteria and BOD have been recorded (6). In the watersheds and coastal fringes of south-west Tobago there has also been a dramatic loss of vegetation in the last fifteen years (clearly visible on satellite images) due to expanding coastal developments (villas, hotels, resorts, housing projects, roads, etc), unsuitable farming practices, and increasing forest fires â&#x20AC;&#x201C; often associated with over-grazing and slash-and-burn cycles. The result is that storm run-off has increased, causing frequent flash floods, a dramatic increase in top-soil erosion, and increased levels of sedimentation on the inshore reefs. Periodic pulses of low salinity water on inshore reefs is also a growing source of stress to corals during the wet season. 3. The Root Causes of the problem While the causes of eutrophication and siltation are generally known, the management and resolution of these issues continues to be hindered by a narrow sectoral approach to natural resource management and a poorly-informed decision-making process within the Tobago House of Assembly (THA). The lack of 174

any official data sharing arrangements between government departments and agencies exacerbates the existing scarcity of information, and not only hinders the decision making process but also frequently leads to duplication of effort in data collection and analysis. An example of this is the process of regulating development where the Department of Planning reviews Environmental Impact Assessments for proposed projects with little or no environmental data and little input from other relevant Departments. While no policies relating to IWCAM (or ICZM) have been developed for Tobago, there is government will and commitment at the top level to address these issues and adopt a more integrated approach to policy development and decision-making based on reliable and comprehensive data collection. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a government obligation under Agenda 21 (1992), the Barbados Programme of Action (1994) and the WSSD Johannesburg Plan of Implementation (2002). Natural resource management in Tobago is also severely constrained by inadequate levels of awareness and public participation. The importance of the environment to the economy of Tobago is generally accepted, especially following the recent and well-publicised awards as the “World’s Best Ecotourism Destination” (World Travel Awards 2003) and “Best Eco-Island in the Caribbean” (Caribbean Tourism Awards, 2003), but there is a lack of environmental knowledge and sensitivity at the pubic and senior government level. In particular there is little awareness about how communities and stakeholders can play a greater role in environmental management, such as in the management of protected areas. The government endorses the co-management approach, but there has been little effort to instigate this process or inform communities of the benefits that participatory natural resource management can offer. 4. Justification of selected target area and national hotspot Buccoo Reef was selected as the GEF-IWCAM National Hotspot on the basis that, despite recent damage from eutrophication and siltation to the inshore areas, it is still one of the best examples in the Southern Caribbean of a reef complex with contiguous mangrove wetlands, seagrass beds and coral reefs. It is the largest fringing coral reef in Trinidad and Tobago, encompassing an area of 7 square kilometers, and it is the only national marine protected area. It is recognized as the island’s most valuable natural asset and is a major attraction for the expanding tourism industry with over 40,000 visitors per year. Buccoo Reef also includes Pigeon Point, the island’s premier beach and water-sports resort. Tourism generates approximately 55% of Tobago’s GDP, with fishing being the second largest industry. The reef complex is an important nursery for commercially important stocks of fish and shellfish, in particular lobster and conch. The project will focus on a Target Area (See Appendix 1) that will include the coastal zone from Buccoo Reef to Castara and its associated watersheds including the Courland Watershed. The Courland Watershed is the island’s largest watershed and the most important source of fresh water to southwest Tobago. Widespread deforestation in this area is causing severe erosion, and the situation is made worse by unplanned development, road construction and poorly planned drainage. Other environmental issues of concern in this and other watersheds include the rampant spread of bamboo. The coastal areas affected by run-off from the Courland Watershed include Buccoo Reef and many other fringing reefs. The Target Area will extend northwards along the Caribbean coast to Culloden Reef. This largely unspoilt reef is the only spur and groove reef on the island though it has recently being affected by siltation as a result of new roads and construction sites. Plans to extend and widen the road network along the Caribbean coast, with its steep watersheds and narrow strip of fringing coral reefs, presents substantial threats to these sensitive coastal ecosystems. 5. Planned IDB Waste Water Project for South-West Tobago During the past few years, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) in consultation with the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago (GORTT), the Tobago House of Assembly (THA) 175

and the Buccoo Reef Trust (BRT), has been developing a large-scale project aimed at reducing coastal nutrient pollution in southwest Tobago. This project is being designed to provide a sewage collection system from Plymouth to Crown Point with a main treatment plant at the southwest tip of the island (Crown Point) where a deep-sea outfall pipe will discharge the treated effluent. The IDB project also includes a component to improve the island’s coastal zone management, with an emphasis on ICZM. This substantial loan package (> US$ 50 million) was officially given the approval of the Cabinet of the GORTT in May 2003 and construction work is expected to start in 2005. The proposed GEF demonstration project has been designed in consultation with staff and consultants involved in this IDB project to provide complimentary and synergistic activities in order to ensure that Tobago’s coral reef get the best opportunity for long-term protection. In particular the GEF project will address the major issues not specifically dealt with by the IDB project - erosion and coastal siltation. The need to establish an effective programme of data collection, with the relevant data analysis and multisectorial information-sharing procedures will also require substantial collaborative efforts. Initiatives for stakeholder participation and public awareness will also be a major component of the GEF project, and will benefit from the “on-the ground” presence of the BRT and its close links with the community. Coordination between the GEF and IDB initiatives will be critical for the success of both projects, and this aspect will benefit from the excellent and long-standing relationship between staff of the Buccoo Reef Trust and the IDB Office in Port-of-Spain Trinidad. In recognition of the important linkages between the two initiatives, a representative from the IDB project will be invited to sit on the GEF Demonstration Project’s Steering Committee (see Project Management Structure and Accountability below). H.ii Objectives and Activities The proposed GEF Demonstration Project will aim to alleviate the causes of environmental degradation in the Target Area by addressing both the Direct causes and the Root causes of the problems as mentioned above. The Direct causes will be addressed through specific on-the-ground activities to mitigate or remove actual threats as per Objectives 1-4 below.. Objective 1, 2 and 3 will address the issues of siltation and erosion and Objectives 3 and 4 will address the issues of coastal eutrophication and nutrient pollution. While undertaking these specific objectives to remove on-the-ground threats, the project will also be addressing the long-term Root causes to the problems by focusing on actual shortcomings in information and data capture to support decision-making, and by improving coordination and integration within management and administrative mechanisms (i.e. The IWCAM concept) as per Objectives 5–9 listed below: Objective 1. Reforestation of Courland watershed and monitoring programme The project will work closely with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the THA in implementing a community-based replanting programme in the Courland Watershed. The THA is planning such a programme and the GEF involvement will ensure that this activity is given additional support and carried out with optimal community participation. The monitoring tools (remote sensing, GIS) developed by the project (Objective 5 and 6) will also assist the THA in developing an effective monitoring programme for deforestation and illegal logging (GIS). The success of the replanting programme in reducing erosion will be also be evaluated by monitoring water quality (siltation rates) in the coastal zone. Objective 2. Diversion of surface drain into constructed artificial wetland 176

The project will divert a drainage system into a wetland to reduce siltation in Buccoo Bay. This surface drainage has been much modified by human influence and currently discharges directly into Buccoo Bay at the North-eastern edge of Buccoo Reef. This man-made drainage system is a major cause of siltation and nutrient pollution on Buccoo Reef. The silt plume from this single drain can extend over most of Buccoo Bay during the wet season and is known to be a major cause of coral loss by scientists and local reef tour operators. This drain will be diverted onto nearby land where a private developer (Angostura Holdings Ltd) will treat it in an artificial wetland. The developer is awaiting planning approval for a large villa and hotel development, which will include an extensive network of wetlands to treat the sewage from his development as well as waste water from adjacent communities (see Appendixâ&#x20AC;Ś). The treated water will be used to irrigate a golf course and the extensive grounds (260 acres) of this large-scale luxury development. The treatment of waste-water from adjacent communities (Buccoo Village) is also essential for the success of the proposed villa and hotel development as the water quality in Buccoo Bay is currently considered unsafe for regular swimming and watersport activities. The timescale of this development will depend on the planning approval process, but it is anticipated that the construction of the artificial wetlands - which will be the first phase of the infrastructure development - will start in 2005. Discussions with the developer indicate that collaborating with the GEF project is entirely consistent with the aims of his development. Objective 3. Upgrade Land-Use Plan in Target Area and improve EIA process The project will work closely with the Planning Officer in the Department of Planning of the THA in upgrading the Land-Use Plan in the Target Area. Better control over land-use and zoning of lands for specific usage will, if properly enforced and monitored, represent a major improvement to the root causes and mitigation of threats to the watershed and coastal area as targeted. This planning process will benefit greatly from the environmental information obtained during the data collection programme as well as from the GIS tools and technical assistance that the project will provide (Objective 5 and 6 below). The EIA requirements will be improved by a multi-sectoral approach and by easier access to the relevant information. The enforcement of zoning and development regulations will also benefit from the improved monitoring tools (GIS). Objective 4. Collaboration with IDB for effective waste-water monitoring programme The project will work with IDB team to evolve an effective water quality monitoring programme. This will also involve data-flow procedures to policy makers and managers to assist with enforcement of regulations (polluter pays). Objective 5. Establishing a sustainable programme of effective data-collection A GIS Unit will be established to function as an environmental data management and dissemination centre for the various departments of government, NGOs, and other stakeholders. It will ensure that existing and newly acquired environmental datasets are collected and stored to a standardized format, which can be shared on common software platforms, and that an inventory of this dataset (metadata) is made available to all stakeholders. The GIS Unit, together with the relevant experts and project partners will oversee the formulation and implementation of a sustainable data collection and analysis programme. This will include the acquisition and analysis of satellite images as well as high resolution topography in collaboration with the US geological Survey EAARL Project (see Activity 4) The data will also include a range of environmental and development parameters, such as habitat types, water quality, dwellings, drains, etc. The database and information tools developed will serve to monitor the effectiveness of Objectives 1-4 listed above as well as those of the IDB sewage-treatment project. Objective 6. Developing formal procedures for data-flow Formal data-flow procedures will be established so that data collected is shared by the relevant stakeholders and used effectively in the decision-making and policy formulation process. The procedures will also ensure that feedback from the policy makers directs the data collection and analysis 177

programme so that the required information is obtained. These procedures will be developed following consultations and multisectoral workshops. Objective 7. Instigating an IWCAM approach to decision-making The project will demonstrate the benefits of using a multisectoral approach in addressing the specific issues of eutrophication and siltation/erosion in the Target Area (Objectives 1-4). In order to ensure that this IWCAM approach is adopted and sustained in the long-term, a draft policy paper will be developed that addresses the required changes in the institutional and legal frameworks for IWCAM in Tobago. This policy paper will be written to cater for the island’s specific environmental and management needs, and will be done in conjunction with experts in policy and ICWAM. This objective will receive assistance in its development from a project being developed by the Inter-American Development Bank that focuses on the need for Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Tobago. Objective 8. Incorporating community involvement in the management process The project will involve communities and stakeholders in the target area, with the specific aim of obtaining their active participation in the decision-making and implementation processes. Communitybased watershed restoration projects will be implemented in the Courland Watershed, and secondary schools will participate in the data-collection programme. This objective will benefit from linkages with a regional FAO initiative (see Activity 5). Objective 9. Undertaking a long-term awareness and sensitisation campaign A multi-media awareness and sensitisation campaign, including a televised film, will ensure that the public and senior officials understand the significance of the major environmental issues facing Tobago’s development. The need for solutions to be implemented will be emphasised as will be the role of civil society in managing both watersheds and coastal areas. This aspect of the project will integrate with the existing environmental education programmes of the BRT. The following project activities will each address the stated Objectives (See Workplan in Appendix B for scheduling of activities) Activity 1

Establish Project Management Board and recruit required project staff

The initial activity of the project will be to establish a multisectoral Project Management Board (PMB) which will act as a steering committee for the project. This board will be comprised of staff from the relevant departments of the Tobago House of Assembly, namely the Department of Natural Resources and Environment (DNRE), the Department of Marine Resources and Fisheries (DMRF), the Division of Planning and Finance (DPF), the Division of Tourism (DT) and the Policy Research Development Institute (PRDI). The PMB will also include representatives from the Water and Sewage Authority (WASA) and two leading non-governmental organisations in Tobago, Environment Tobago and the Buccoo Reef Trust. The PMB will be chaired by a representative of the Buccoo Reef Trust, which is the executing body of the GEF-IWCAM project. The role of the PBM will be to oversee and coordinate project activities to ensure that the aims of the project are achieved. It is anticipated that the PBM will eventually develop into an IWCAM Advisory Committee, whose function will be to advise the Planning Division of the Tobago House of Assembly on all issues related to watershed and coastal zone management. The initial task of the PMB will be to recruit the following project staff (Activity 1.1): • GEF-IWCAM Project Manager (PM) • Project Assistant • Community Liaison Officer (CLO) 178

â&#x20AC;˘ â&#x20AC;˘

Two specialists in GIS (minimum MSc level with work experience) Two IT technicians (suitable qualifications and work experience)

The PMB will also decide on the location of the GEF-IWCAM facilities, which will probably be in rented offices in Scarborough. Once the decision is finalized these offices will be let for a minimum 2 year period and suitably equipped for the purposes of the project (Activity 1.2). Activity 2

Establish GIS Unit and multisectoral data collection and sharing programme and undertake training in GIS and IWCAM

The newly recruited project staff will start the process of establishing a GIS Unit by holding extensive consultations (Activity 2.1) with all the stakeholders. These consultations will include discussions with software and hardware specialist, as well as leading experts in GIS and data management. The aim of these consultations will be to ensure that this GIS Unit satisfies the present and anticipated information needs, and is designed for flexibility and growth, so that future changes in the Unitâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s role (and location) can be accommodated with minimal disturbance and cost. Following these consultations, the Project Manager and the GIS specialists will report back to the PMB and a final decision will be taken on the optimal systems required. The hardware and software, as well as any additional office equipment will then be purchased and installed in the GEF-IWCAM offices (Activity 2.2). The members of the PMB, project staff and other interested stakeholders will undertake a training programme in both GIS and IWCAM. The GIS and IWCAM training programmes (Activity 3.1) will be provided by experts and undertaken in a modular format in Tobago for convenience and to accommodate the working hours of the participants. The University of the West Indies has the relevant local expertise for such programmes, and will most probably be closely involved in both their design and delivery. Where feasible, this may be coordinated with other GIS training requirements within the IWCAM Regional Project umbrella. The programmes will be designed to provide the relevant level of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The modules will be taught collectively in order to stimulate exchanges between the participants and encourage a multi-sectoral dialogue. Workshops, seminars and field visits will also be included in this training programme. The project staff will play a key role in these training programmes by: o o o o o Activity 3

Liasing with consultants responsible for training programme Coordinating GIS and IWCAM training programmes Actively participating in training programme Set-up and maintain GIS hardware and software systems of participants Following-up with technical assistance Data collection programme in Target Area

As part of the practical component of the training programmes, an extensive data collection programme will be developed and implemented for the Target Area. This data collection programme will form a critical component of the project, as it will form the basis for decision-making in the implementation of the specific projects listed in Activity 6, 7, 8 and 9. It will serve to demonstrate the benefits of the IWCAM approach and will also provide simple visual aids in multisectoral and community discussions. 179

The process will start with the collection and inventory of all existing spatially-referenced datasets of the target area (Activity 3.1). Advanced remote-sensing techniques will be then used to obtain detailed digital information of the Target Area and possibly the whole of Tobago (Activity 3.2). The exact type of sensors will be determined during technical consultations, but should include both air-borne and acoustic sensors. The most likely air-borne approach to be used is the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LIDAR or EAARL (See appendix ???). The terrestrial surveys (Activity 3.3) will be done using the project staff and trained personnel from the relevant departments of the THA, as well as stakeholders from the communities in the target area and schools (see Activity 4). Handheld GPS units will be used with digital cameras. The aim of the data collection and mapping exercise will be to acquire and/or update the following data categories in the Target Area: Topography; Geology*; Habitat type / Land cover; Roads**; Drains*; Dwellings; Land use**; Economic activities and value**. (** good data available; * some data available) The marine surveys (Activity 3.4) of the inshore areas will require more specialist staff and equipment, and will be carried out using consultants in marine mapping. ABPmer, UK, who developed and collaborated in the compilation of the first detailed GIS and habitat map of Buccoo Reef in 2002-2003, will play a lead role in supervising the technical aspects of these surveys. Surveys of the deeper areas (>20m depth) will be done using cost effective acoustic methods, which collect detailed digital information on the depth, texture and habitat type of the seabed. This data will be processed to produce detailed habitat maps and bathymetry of the entire coastal zone within the target area. Indicators of reef health will be determined using standard methodologies (e.g. Reef Check), and hotspots of biodiversity and habitats of particular ecological importance will be identified and characterized. Relevant water quality parameters (total inorganic nitrogen, water soluble phosphorous, salinity, turbidity, sedimentation rates) will be measured at each station. The marine surveys will be done using the research boats of the Buccoo Reef Trust and the Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources of the THA. The following data categories for the marine areas will be collected: Water quality parameters; Bathymetry*; Substrate type; Habitat type and health status (e.g. AGRRA or Reef Check); Currents*; Economic activities and value. (*some data available) The GIS and mapping project will use standard methodologies which will be developed and reviewed during a IWCAM Workshop (Activity 5.1) and finally written in detail by the project staff in a special publication (Activity 3.5). Activity 4

Public awareness and participation

Community presentations and workshops (Activity 4.1) will be held in village halls, schools and community centres within the Target Area to inform the public of the aims of GEF-IWCAM and the other related projects. The community will be invited to attend these meetings to discuss how watershed and coastal area management can benefit the environment and economy of the island, and how local changes in land use or farming practice can have profound affects on the sustainability their communities and the future of Tobago. The project will liaise with a planned Technical Cooperation Programme of the FAO called “Participatory Communication for Natural Resource Management and Food Security – Improving Advisory Services to Enhance Involvement to Farm Families” (Activity 4.2). This programme seeks to enhance the skills of extension and other advisory services that are working to promote sustainable natural resource management and greater food security in the region, It will use Participatory Rural Communication Appraisal (PRCA) techniques that involve farmers in a review of their Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAPs) so as to develop target solutions.

180

Stakeholders and schools will be invited to participate in the terrestrial mapping activities (Activity 3.3). The participating schools will use methodologies from the highly successful international “Globe Program” and this activity will be integrated with the existing environmental education programmes implemented by the Buccoo Reef Trust and Environment Tobago. A newly formed environmental group called Youths for Enhanced Appreciation of Coastal Habitats (YEAH!), which has a membership of over 60 students, will participate in the data collection exercise and public sensitisation campaign. To sensitise the public a broadcast quality film will be made (Activity 4.3) about Tobago’s natural environment and the linkages between land and sea. This film will be made by a local film company using high quality footage of Tobago’s reefs (archives of the BRT) and of the rainforest. It will include footage of the community watershed restoration projects (Activity 6.4) and of the schools participation in the mapping project (Activity 3.3). Simple recommendations about environmental and watershed management will be included and the need for civil society to play a greater role in environmental conservation will be emphasized and explained. Activity 5

IWCAM Workshops and development of recommendations

Several multisectoral, stakeholder IWCAM Workshops will be held (Activity 5.1) to review and discuss some of the planned projects (e.g. data collection, reforestation, drainage, land use plan, waste water treatment and water quality monitoring,). The initial IWCAM Workshop will review and adopt standard protocols for data collection. The discussions from these multisectoral workshops will used to develop specific recommendations (Activity 5.2) for how the planned projects should be modified to ensure optimal benefits or watershed and coastal zone management. Strategies for reducing erosion and coastal sedimentation in the target area will be given special consideration. Activity 6

Design ands scheduling of reforestation and land restoration in Courland watershed

Recommendations from the IWCAM Workshop will be used to guide and inform a number of large government projects including the reforestation planned for the Courland watershed in 2004/2005 by the THA. The design of these projects has yet to be decided and this will be done (Activity 6.1) once the relevant environmental data and detailed topography of the area has been obtained. This information will also instruct the scheduling of the reforestation projects. Community Reforestation and Watershed Restoration Programmes will be initiated and coordinated (Activity 6.2) with the existing government Community Environmental Protection and Enhancement Programme (CEPEP). This well financed programme employs community members in a range of environmental projects which could be adapted to serve the aims of this activity. This component will also benefit from a regional initiative from FAO focusing on community-based agriculture and watershed management. Activity 7

Diversion of artificial drainage pattern in Buccoo Village into adjacent wetland

A surface drainage system in Buccoo Village, which is a major source of sedimentation on Buccoo Reef, will be diverted into an adjacent wetland owned by a private developer. This work will be undertaken according to recommendations from the project IWCAM Workshops and following agreements with the developer. The work will initially involve engineering designs and the acquisition of the appropriate approvals. Activity 8

Upgrade Land-Use Plan in Target Area and improve EIA process

181

The new Land Use Plan for Tobago, which is being prepared by the Planning Division of the THA will be developed using an IWCAM approach and information from the Target Area. Changes to the existing Land Use Plan will include a more precise and better informed zonation system, with greater emphasis on development restrictions and guidelines that reduce erosion and nutrient pollution. The Plan may also include new forestry reserves, restrictions on agricultural practices, and possible wildlife corridors between protected areas and forestry reserves. Activity 9

Development of draft Policy Paper for IWCAM in Tobago

To capture the overall concept of IWCAM within Tobago, and to ensure that the IWCAM approach is adopted and sustained in the long-term, a draft policy paper will be developed that addresses the required changes in the institutional and legal frameworks for IWCAM in Tobago. This policy paper will be written to cater for the island’s specific environmental and management needs, and will be done in conjunction with experts in policy and ICWAM. The lessons and best practices gained from the various activities highlighted above will be incorporated into this policy paper as will other inputs from the GEF IWCAM Regional Project. H.iii

End-of-Project Landscape

The main outputs of the project will be: 1. GIS Unit established in Tobago 2. Multi-sectoral project team trained in principles of IWCAM and GIS 3. Compilation of detailed environmental GIS database for Target Area 4. Adoption and publication of Standard Methodologies for data collection and data management 5. Community Awareness Programme implemented 6. High-quality “Ridge to Reef” film produced 7. IWCAM Workshops held and IWCAM recommendations developed 8. IWCAM recommendations implemented in Target Area 9. Reforestation and Community Watershed Restoration Projects implemented 10. Diversion of drain at Buccoo Village to reduce coastal sedimentation 11. Improved Land-Use Plan for Target Area 12. Policy developed for ICZM in Tobago using lessons from project The establishment of data collection programmes and a GIS Unit with a repository of high quality and detailed information, combined with the delivery of training programmes in IWCAM to a multisectoral team, will result in improved decision-making and a greater incentive for information sharing and multisectoral dialogues. These outputs will in turn pave the way for the adoption of more formal institutional IWCAM frameworks and policy. The definition, adoption and publication of standard methodologies and a common software platform will leave a legacy of improved availability and sharing of information. The high-quality film will heighten pride in Tobago’s world famous eco-systems and strengthen communities resolve to address local and national environmental issues with greater public participation. Community awareness and empowerment will be increased, through an improved knowledge base and active participation in restoration projects. The implementation of IWCAM recommendations in the Target Area) will have direct benefits on the terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The reforestation projects will reduce erosion and coastal sedimentation on coral reefs, while increasing habitat for the island’s unique terrestrial fauna and flora. 182

The diversion of the drain at Buccoo will immediately reduce the siltation and nutrient load entering the coastal zone and improve the health of Buccoo Reef. The detailed data collection programme developed as part of this project will allow the effects of these and other projects, such as the large-scale waste water system implemented by the IDB, to be properly assessed and monitored. The IWCAM Workshops will catalyse a more holistic approach to natural resource management by demonstrating the benefits of well-informed multisectoral dialogue. Improved environmental management will provide long-term benefits to Tobago and will be a lasting legacy of this project. The success of these objectives in reducing the problems will be measured using the tools developed in Objective 5 (See Monitoring and Evaluation below) H.

Project Management Structure and Accountability

The project will be managed by a Project Management Board. The composition of the PMB is given under Activity 1 above. The PMB will meet on a weekly basis during the first month of the project then on a monthly basis during the rest of the project. The PMB will be chaired by a director of the Buccoo Reef Trust, which has overall responsibility for the successful implementation of the project. The daily project management will be the responsibility of the Project Manager, who will oversea the execution of the project to time and according to the stated budget. The Project Manager will report to the PMB at their regular meetings (See Monitoring and Evaluation below). The Project Manager will be supported by a Project Assistant who will document the administrative aspects of the project and prepare draft reports. The PM will supervise the project staff and the operation of the GIS Unit. The directors of Buccoo Reef Trust will oversee the timely and professional delivery of the outlined objectives and ensure successful completion of the project. I.

Stakeholders and Beneficiaries

The stakeholders include all organisations and individuals with an interest in the protection of Tobagoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s environment and the sustainable development of the islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s economy. The project will provide substantial improvements in the decision-making process as it relates to natural resource management, and as such will directly benefit the ability of planners, managers and policy makers to guide and oversee economic and infrastructural development. The project will also directly benefit those stakeholders that have a vested interest in the quality of the watersheds and coastal zone, such as farmers, fishermen, dive operators, reeftour operators, and tourism operators.

183

Long-term sustainability Strategy

The long-term sustainability of the project will be ensured by the governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s support of the project activities and of its anticipated adoption of the IWCAM recommendations as policy. The project is also a complimentary part of a longer-term and larger-scale IADB package of projects aimed at improving coastal zone management in Tobago. The Buccoo Reef Trust will continue to pursue the aims of the project as part of its mission of building capacity for coastal zone management in Tobago. The long term sustainability of the Buccoo Reef Trustâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s efforts is ensured by the planned establishment of the Tobago Marine Research Centre in 2005 as a selffinancing regional centre of education and research in the marine sciences (see www.buccooreef.org). A major component of the demonstration model would be to show how valuation of ecosystem functions and natural resources can lead to realistic and justifiable tariffs and revenues which can be channelled back into the IWCAM process. Other mechanisms for sustainable management, which do not require the direct collection of revenues, would include incentives for better management and conservation of resources. The growing tourism industry, linked to the recent designation of Tobago as a number one ecotourism destination opens up possibilities for further transfer of benefits from beneficiaries in the tourism industry to the overall management of the natural resources and environment which provide and sustain their livelihood. The PMB and project stakeholders would work closely with the government-related institutions responsible for integrated watershed and coastal resource management, and would leave behind a legacy of an effective model funding system for watershed management. As part of encouraging awareness at the grass-roots level, water quality monitoring programmes (and other associated environmental monitoring) would be developed through local communities and through schools. The need for the monitoring process would be explained and communities and schools would be trained in sampling and observation. This would provide a linkage and an explanation to the overall management and policy process as well as any legislative requirements. Communities and schools would be directly involved in creating and steering the management requirements and the decision-making process. K.

Replicability

This approach to introduce the theory and practice of IWCAM to a multi-sectoral team is appropriate for replication in the Caribbean SIDS and beyond. The approach will be particularly useful in guiding the development of island-specific policy for IWCAM within the existing institutional framework. As part of the projects objectives and activities, a national model for integrated watershed and coastal management would be extrapolated from the lessons and best practices identified through this watershed demonstration. This model would specifically identify community management and involvement, integration of community concerns with those of the private sector and government, monitoring and compliance, and an effective and sustainable funding mechanism to support a national watershed management initiative. The project will report back to the Government of Trinidad and Tobago once the watershed and coastal management development process(and the specific ground level demonstrations addressing direct causes) has been successfully demonstrated, and submit a proposed national model. This report will emphasise the cost of implementing and maintaining similar management strategies in other watersheds and associated coastal areas versus the long-term economic and environmental damage associated with not providing such mechanisms. It will identify suitable locations within Trinidad and Tobago where similar management 184

approaches could and should be developed. The report will provide indications for funding sources and sustainable revenues to support such approaches. It will also include a work-plan and scheduled costestimates for sequential replication. Best lessons and practices developed through this demonstration will be transferred to the main IWCAM project for dissemination throughout the other Caribbean SIDS. Contacts for relevant agencies, corporate bodies and/or organisations involved in the demonstration process will also be provided. L.

Monitoring and Evaluation Process

Three interim project reports will be submitted to the GEF Secretariat at Month 6, Month12 and Month18, with a final project report at Month 24. These will be prepared by the Project Manager following review and endorsement by the Project Management Board. These concise reports will focus on describing the progress of the project with the use of measurable indicators (see table below). The final report will also provide comparisons of the environmental parameters acquired at the start and at the end of the project as part of the GIS mapping exercise. The Project will be overseen by a Project Management Board (PMB) made up of stakeholders to the project and chaired by The Buccoo Reef Trust. The Project Management Unit will produce a brief quarterly Progress Report updating the PMB and the project Executing Agencies on the progress of the Demonstration. Once every year a detailed report will be submitted through the PMB to the Executing Agencies. This report will provide a full review of the workplan to identify project achievements and deliveries versus the approved schedule, budget expenditures, recommendations with respect to any amendments to workplan and budget, staff contracting and performance, and any other information required by the PMB and/or the Executing Agencies. Furthermore, the Regional IWCAM Executing and Implementing Agencies will carry out monitoring and evaluation of all of the national IWCAM demonstration projects as part of the Full IWCAM Project. The End-of-Project Landscape provides initial guidance on the indicative areas of success that would need to be measured (Section H.iii above). As part of its implementation stage, the PMU will develop a detailed list of indicators which will be approved by the PMB and will be submitted to the Executing Agency as part of the PMU’s first Progress Report. This indicator measurement mechanism will be linked to and measured against a baseline situation as defined in the early stages of the Demonstration Project through the establishment of a baseline inventory. An initial set of Indicators is provided below as guidance to this process. This would be developed into greater detail to provide ease of monitoring of indicators throughout the project life. ACTIVITY 1.1 Establish Project Management Board and recruit required project staff 1.2 GEF-IWCAM facilities established 2.1 Consultation with stakeholders 2.2 Purchase and set-up hardware and software for GIS Unit 3.1 Training in GIS and IWCZM

• • • • • 185

INDICATOR PMB established and Project Staff recruited Facilities established Recommendations provided GIS Unit systems established Training programmes and test results

4.1 Collection of available data-sets 4.2 Acquire remote-sensed imagery and topography 4.3 Terrestrial surveys 4.4 Marine surveys 5.1 Public awareness and participation workshops 5.2 Linkage with FAO project 5.3 Production of Ridge to Reef sensitization film for television 6.1 IWCAM Workshops

• •

Inventory of datasets New datasets acquired

• • •

Terrestrial GIS map developed Marine GIS map developed Agenda, minutes & recommendations Description of linkages Film produced and broadcast

6.2 Development of IWCAM recommendations 7.1 Reforestation projects 7.2 Community Watershed Restoration Projects 8.1 Diversion of drain into wetland 7.1 Updating the Land Use Plan 8.1 Develop draft IWCAM policy document for Tobago

• • • • • •

• • •

Agenda, minutes & participants Recommendations Reduced erosion Reduced erosion Reduced siltation Updates of Land use plan Draft IWCAM policy produced

Co-funding

A number of co-funding partners have been identified and have confirmed their intent to support this project (see Annex D for Letters of Support). These partners are as follows: Buccoo Reef Trust The Buccoo Reef Trust is providing co-funding valued at US$ 137,700 Study of nutrient pollution on Buccoo Reef in 1999-2001 Production of film “Buccoo Reef- To Rescue and Restore”: Salaries for Years 1 and 2 Equipment and boat support for Years 1 and 2 GIS Habitat Map of Buccoo Reef – support services GIS Training programme (UNEP-CAR/CP)

US$ 50,000 US$ 20,000 US$ 24,000 US$ 11,000 US$ 28,700 US$ 8,000

ABPmer A detailed GIS database map of Buccoo Reef Marine Park was produced in 2002-2003 at a cost of US$ 124,100. ABPmer, Southampton UK, provided most of this expenditure, which included the acquisition, correction and classification of satellite images, as well as ground-truthing surveys (8 weeks including training of local staff) and compilation of GIS. For the purposes of the this GEF project ABPmer will provide assistance with the development of a GIS database of Buccoo Reef and their in-kind contribution will amount to US$ 95,400. Government of Trinidad and Tobago 186

The Tobago House of Assembly has agreed to provide co-funding valued at US$ 355,000. This contribution is largely in the form of a forestry replanting programme which is to be carried on state lands within the Courland Watershed in 2004 and 2005 Salaries of PMB GIS Equipment and training, Planning Department Forestry Community Awareness

US$ 30,000 US$ 70,000 US$ 250,000 US$ 5,000

Inter-American Development Bank The IDB will provide co-funding valued at US$50 million. This includes a detailed study of wastewater plans followed by development of a full wastewater treatment plant. IDB and GEF have worked in close cooperation to ensure that the GEF project is complementary in tackling watershed-to-coastal threats and concerns and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t duplicate IDBâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s efforts but integrates closely with their intended activities and deliveries. As a consequence, GEF has shifted its initial emphasis away from sewage treatment to deal with other parallel concerns in the watershed, particularly land degradation and erosion stemming from unsuitable land use and practices.

187

ANNEX A: A.1.

BUDGET DETAILS

DETAILED BUDGET BUDGET LINE

DESCRIPTION OF EXPENDITURES

US$

GEF

OTHER

TOTAL

In-Kind1

SALARIES Full-Time Project Staff Project Manager 36 months @ $2500/month GIS Specialist 36 months @ $2000/month IT Technician 1 36 months @ $1000/month IT Technician 2 36 months @ $1000/month Administrative Assistant 36 months @ $1000/month Part-time Project Staff & Project Management Board Buccoo Reef Trust 36 months@$1000/month DNRE 36 months@$250/month DFMR 36 months@$250/month DP 36 months@$250/month PRDI 36 months@$250/month WID 36 months@$250/month WASA 36 months@$250/month ET 36 months@$250/month ADMINISTRATION Office Rental Communication Printing Travel and subsistence Utilities Workshop costs and DSAs

36 months@$1000/month telephone, fax, e-mail @$200/month

Electricity, Water, etc Stakeholder workshops (4x30 persons x $50; Gov't and NGO in-kind of 4x5 persons)

EQUIPMENT Office equipment IT Hardware IT Software and licences Digital camera (4) GPS (7 units) Acquisition of satellite images Data processing Other datasets Diving equipment and underwater video Rental of boats Rental of cars Fuel MAINTENANCE Office Equipment

Donor3

$90,000 $72,000 $36,000 $36,000 $36,000

$36,000

$0 $36,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $0 $0 $36,000

$7,200 $3,000 $5,000 $3,000

$36,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000 $9,000

BRT DNRE, THA DFMR, THA DP, THA PRDI, THA WID, THA WASA ET

BRT, THA $6,000 $10,000

$16,000

$5,000 $20,000 $14,000 $1,600 $400 $1,200 $200 $15,000 $10,000 $5,000 $50,000

$0 $5,000 $65,000 $39,000 $2,000 $1,400 $15,000 $10,000 $55,000

$6,000 $1,000 $2,000

Computers, GIS, etc

Funds2

$2,000

188

$7,000 $3,000 $1,000

$45,000 $25,000

DP, THA DP, THA BRT BRT

BRT BRT BRT BRT

$13,000 $3,000 $2,000 $2,000 $0 $0 $2,000

Field Equipment REPORTING AND PA Reports and Guidelines Public Awareness

Cameras, GPS, dive gear, etc

$2,000

General IWCAM, wetland conversion, reforestation Brochures, community meetings, etc

$2,000 $0 $0 BRT, THA

$5,000

$2,000

$7,000 BRT, THA

SUB-CONTRACTS Film "Buccoo Reef - To Workshops Rescue and Restore" Production of film Information materials Training (consultant fees and General IWCAM and GIS costs) training Marine survey and training Rapid assessment, seabed surveys GIS Map of Buccoo Reef From aerial and seabed remote sensing Terrestrial Mapping Staff, equipment and travel

$6,000 $10,000 $20,000 $5,000 $5,000 $25,000

DT, THA BRT

$8,000

$33,000

$50,000

$50,000 ABPmer, BRT YEAH

$124,100 $5,000 $18,000

Reforestation

Rehabilitation of slopes and deforested areas Diversion of drain into Engineering, channels, wetland wetland rehabilitation Waste water treatment Treatment to secondary level Waste water monitoring Water quality and seabed programme habitat assessment

$50,000 $50,000

$50,000 $50,000,000

$300,000 Private Developer IDB

$50,000

US$

GEF

OTHER

TOTAL

In-Kind1

TOTALS

$270,000 $60,200 $80,800 $4,000 $7,000 $251,000 $673,000

$100,000 $50,000,000

$50,000

SUMMARY BUDGET BY EXPENDITURE

SALARIES ADMINISTRATION EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE REPORTING AND PA SUB-CONTRACTS

$23,000

$250,000

$673,000 $349,700 $50,370,000

BUDGET LINE

$124,100

THA

TOTAL

A.2.

$4,000 $0 $0 $6,000 $30,000 $10,000

$99,000 $10,000 $61,600 $0 $4,000 $175,100 $349,700

189

Funds2

$0 $0 $70,000 $0 $0 $50,300,000 $50,370,000

$369,000 $70,200 $212,400 $4,000 $11,000 $50,726,100 $51,392,700

51,392,700

ANNEX B:

WORKPLAN

OUTPUT

ACTIVITY

YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1

1. Project Management 1.1 Project Management and Staff Contracted and Administration Unit 1.2 Project Office facilities established 1.3 Project Management Board meetings 1.4 Reporting to IWCAM Executing Agencies 1.5 Project Evaluation by IWCAM EA/IAs 2. GIS Unit 2.1 Stakeholder consultations on GIS requirements 2.2 Decision and purchase of GIS and supportive equipment 2.3 Training in GIS and related IWCAM methodologies 3. Data collection 3.1 Inventory and input to GIS of all existing and relevant datasets programme and input to 3.2 Aerial Remote sensing of target area and input to GIS Decision-Making process 3.3 Seabed and marine surveys and input to GIS 3.4 Terrestrial Surveys and input to GIS. 3.5 Development of a long-term water quality and habitat surveying programme 4. Public Awareness and 4.1 Community Presentations and Workshops Participation 4.2. Liaison with FAO Participatory Communication project 4.3 School/stakeholder involvement in terrestrial mapping exercises 4.4 Development of film/video for media broadcast 5. IWCAM Workshops 5.1 Stakeholder workshop on standard protocols and requirements for and Recommendations data collection (water quality, seabed habitat, remote sensing, terrestrial, etc) 5.2 Stakeholder workshop on reforestation requirements and mechanisms 5.3 Stakeholder workshop on drainage and wetland filtration mechanisms 5.4 Stakeholder workshop on land-use planning and EIA requirements 5.5 Stakeholder workshop on wastewater treatment requirements and mechanisms 6. Design and scheduling 6.1 Design strategy for reforestation incorporating outputs of workshop of reforestation (5.2), relevant environmental data, topography and remote sensing

Workplan for the Environmental Audits for Sustainable Tourism â&#x20AC;&#x201C; EAST â&#x20AC;&#x201C; June, 2003.

190

6.2 Initiate community reforestation and watershed restoration programmes 6.3. On-going monitoring of results 7.1 Design strategy for engineering and diversion incorporating outputs from workshop (5.3) in direct consultation with private developer and landowner 7. Wetland filtration of 7.2 Acquisition of approvals and licences and final adoption of strategy artificial drainage system by government and landowner 7.3 Diversion of flow into wetlands 7.4 On-going monitoring of results 8.1 Review and revise mechanisms for land-use planning and EIA incorporating results from workshop (5.4) 8. Upgrade Land-use Plan 8.2 Revise land-use zoning, development restrictions, guidelines for and EIA process reducing and mitigating erosion and nutrient pollution, forestry reserves and their role in IWCAM, agricultural practices, protected areas, etc 8.3 Incorporate 8.1 and 8.2 into formal government recommendations and report aimed at revising and amending legislation and enforcement process 8.4 Government response through revised legislation and enforcement requirements 8.5 On-going monitoring of results 9.1. Development of policy paper addressing all areas of IWCAM requirements for Tobago based on outputs of 5 (workshops) and (Land use plan and EIA revisions) 9. Development of draft 9.2. Adoption of new IWCAM policy based on recommendations policy paper ofr IWCAM 10.1 Adoption of mechanism for replication of Demonstrations and for Tobago Policy Revisions to other areas of Trinidad and Tobago 10. Replication of lessons 10.2 Transfer of best practices in ground-level mitigation approaches and practices (Reforestation and land restoration, wetland filtration and land-use planning) 10.3 Transfer of lessons and best practices to IWCAM Regional Project X

191

Appendix 1.

Details of Airborne Imaging and Seabed Surveying Approaches

This technology, which is being developed by NASA and the US Geological Survey, provides both high resolution multi-spectral images (1pixel=13cm on the ground) and detailed topography (15 cm elevations) using an advanced LIDAR system mounted on a Cessna 310 aircraft. The advanced LIDAR, which uses a green laser pulsing a 5000 hz, can detects both bald-earth topography and canopy vegetation height, as well as sub-sea topography to a depth of 2 Sechi disks. This system would easily provide the level of topographical detail required by planners and engineers (5ft interval lines) and would hugely improve the existing 50ft contour elevation maps. The EAARL system was recently used to successfully map the island of St John in the US Virgin Islands for similar environmental management purposes. Preliminary enquiries with the individuals developing EAARL (Jon Brock and Wayne Right), suggest that the entire land-mass and shoreline of the coastal zone of Tobago could be mapped within 4-6 weeks at a cost of approximately US$ 120,000. The acquired digital multi-spectral imagery and topography will be corrected, processed and classified to provide information of the target area. This processing will be done as part of the GIS training programme in consultation with experts and EAARL operators. The mapping process will also involve extensive surveys to the target area, both terrestrial and marine, to “ground-truth” the classification schemes obtained from the acquired images and obtain additional data. The most likely acoustic approach to the seabed surveying is the ground-discrimination system QTC VIEW, which provides a detailed classification map of seabed habitats (including differences within and between coral reef habitats) and seabed bathymetry. The major advantage of this system is its capability to map the seabed between 2m and 100m water depths, thus providing complete coverage of the target area and overlap of the area mapped by the EAARL system to provide further “groundtruthing” data and insurance of total coverage. QTC VIEW is very cost-effective (estimated set-up, and hire for 4-6 weeks of survey time and post-processing ~$9,000) as it is easily mounted on small craft and able to cover large areas of the seabed rapidly. It has also been shown to provide highly reliable results even in rough sea conditions. Moreover, post-processing of the acoustic data is rapid and can be easily taught to non-technical/expert staff and volunteers. To “ground-truth” the acoustic surveys a team of scuba divers will sample the shallower areas (<20 metres) and a portable dropdown underwater video camera (VideoRay) will be used to cover the deeper waters. The video camera will, however, be used in the shallow waters to ensure continuity across the survey area and provide a digital record of the main habitat type and species encountered. Both diver and video camera will collect information about the habitats and species composition at selected geo-referenced stations following the post-processing of both QTC VIEW and EAARL data. Divers will supplement their survey records with detailed recordings taken using digital photography and hand held video.

192

ANNEXES TO THE APPENDIX Annex A.1: Annex A.2: Annex A.3: Annex A.4:

Summary of the GIWA Hotspot selection process GEF OP 9 eligible issues for demonstration projects Criteria for Steering Committee selection of demonstration projects Hotspot summary data from each country

ANNEX A.1: SUMMARY OF THE GIWA HOTSPOT SELECTION PROCESS COUNTRY Hotspot 1 GIWA Score Hotspot 2 GIWA Score Hotspot 3 GIWA Score Sensitive Area 1 GIWA Score Sensitive Area 2 GIWA Score Sensitive Area 3 GIWA Score Demo 1 Area Hotspot/SA No. Demo 2 Area Hotspot/SA No. Priority Sites?

COUNTRY Hotspot 1 GIWA Score Hotspot 2 GIWA Score Hotspot 3 GIWA Score Sensitive Area 1 GIWA Score Sensitive Area 2 GIWA Score Sensitive Area 3 GIWA Score Demo 1 Area Hotspot/SA No. Demo 2 Area Hotspot/SA No. Priority Sites?

ANTIGUA/BARBUDA BAHAMAS BARBADOS NW Coast Antigua Elizabeth Harbour St. Michaels 74 68 74 St. John Harbour West Coast 65 73 SW Coast Watershed Scotland District 58 70

CUBA Cienfuegos 83 Cauto Watershed 83 Zaza Watershed 68

Great Bird + Islands 56.8

Harrison's Cave 62.4

Cuyaguateje Watershed Carib Territory 74.4 82.4

Maycocks Bay 54.4

Toa W/S 71.2

Andros Island 75.2

Jumby Bay 44.8

DOMINICA West Coast Dublanc 62 Jimmit/Morge Espagnol 69

Penville 72.8

Codrington Lagoon Graeme Hall Swamp Hanabanilla Watershed 80 48 69 NW Coast + St. Johns Andros Island St. Michaels Cienfuegos Bay Carib Territory Hotspots 1 + 2 Sens. Area 1 Hotspot 1 Hotspot 1 Sens. Area 1 Elizabeth Harbour Hotspot 1 Yes. Hotspots Merged Yes Yes Yes Yes

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Haina Industrial Zone 68 Constanza Tourist Zone 64 Samana Nat. Park Zone 63 Bani Dune Nat. Park 68 Saona Island Nat. Park 68

GRENADA Great River 52

HAITI Artibonite Delta 100 La Gonave 72

JAMAICA Portland Watershed 75 Kingston Harbour 70

Grand E'Tang Lake 72

Grand Saline 89 Point Araquette 88

Black River National Park 54.4

Haini Ind Hotspot 1 Constanza Hotspot 2 Yes

Grand E'Tang Lake Sens. Area 1

Artibonite Delta Hotspot 1

Yes

Portland Watershed Hotspot 1 National Parks (Black River) Sens. Area 1 Yes

193

ANNEX A.1: SUMMARY OF THE GIWA HOTSPOT SELECTION PROCESS (Continued)

ST KITTS & NEVIS Basseterre Valley 77

ST LUCIA Choc Watershed 55 Rodney Bay Lagoon 51

St. Kitts MPA 65.6

Mabouya Valley 67.2 Point Sable Reserve 41.6

Basseterre Valley Hotspot 1 St. Kitts MPA Sens. Area 1 Yes

Mabouya Valley Sens. Area 1

Yes

194

ST VINCE/GREN Calliagua Bay 78 Corem Watershed 65 Diamond Estate 59 Grenadine Islands 85.6 SVG Groundwater 78.4 SVG MPA System 75.2 Grenadine Islands Sens. Area 1 Calliagua Bay Hotspot 1 Yes

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO Caroni River Basin 56

Courland/Buccoo Watershed 76.8

Courland/Buccoo Watershed Sens. Area 1 Caroni River Basin Hotspot 1 Yes

ANNEX A.2:

GEF OP 9 ELIGIBLE ISSUES FOR DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS

1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity Conservation 1.1 Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy 1.2 Improved EIA practices to support IWCAM 2. Tourism Development 2.1 Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management) 2.2 Mitigating land degradation as a result of inappropriate tourism policies 3. Protection of Water Supplies 3.1 Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices 3.2 Improved policies and regulations addressing water supply and demand 3.3 Information capture to drive and support water management policy development 3.4 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution 4.1 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater 4.2 Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices

195

ANNEX A.3:

CRITERIA FOR STEERING DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS

COMMITTEE

SELECTION

The preparation and Steering Committee selection of the Demonstration Projects will be guided inter alia by the following: A. Global, regional, sub-regional and multinational nature of projects: The Demonstration Projects should clearly respond to the environmental benefits in the region and contribute to overall global environmental benefits. In this respect Projects developed and selected may have a sub-regional or regional outlook or involve several countries. B. Hotspots: The Demonstrations projects must target the hot spots identified by the countries using the methodology based on the GIWA approach as agreed by the Steering Committee. Its lessons and best practices will be then replicated in the other hot spots areas within the Caribbean SIDS region. C. Multi-focus: Projects should aim as far as possible at integrating the thematic coverage within IWCAM concept. D. Participatory nature: Projects should demonstrate development and implementation through a participatory approach with strong ownership with all partners including the government, the private sector, civil society including NGOs and the scientific community, the projects should also have a gender balance; E. Programmatic approach: Projects should be integrated in a comprehensive, programmatic and, as far as possible, strategic approach; F. Sustainable Development Perspective: Projects should be designed taking into account the need to alleviate poverty and promote economic growth; G. Capacity Building: Projects should integrate capacity development needs as part of their planned activities H. Maximize utilization of regional expertise: Projects should aim at maximizing the utilization of local experts and institutions; I. High rate of replication: Projects should be designed to ensure replication and dissemination of good practices and experiences. J. Sustainability of activities: Projects should have activities whose benefits are sustainable beyond the life cycle of the interventions; K. Funding and Co-Financing: Only projects likely to attract adequate domestic funding and/or external support shall be considered. Projects demonstrating strong co-financing shall be given priority. L. Promote sharing of experiences and learning: Projects should aim at promoting sharing of experiences, enhancing regional co-operation and collective learning;

196

M. Performance criteria: Projects should contain clear objectives, performance indicators and monitoring mechanisms; N. Thematic balance: Balance between the thematic areas should be sought; O. Geographical balance: Balance between the 13 Caribbean Countries should be sought;

197

ANNEX A.4:

HOTSPOT SUMMARY DATA FROM EACH COUNTRY

The following is a summary of the information provided by each country on the GIWA assessment forms through the IWCAM Hotspot Assessment Process. ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

North-West Coast - Antigua

Description: 20km2. Shoreline and wetland/mangrove area. Main activities are tourism and recreation. Impacts are microbiological pollution, eutrophication, chemical pollution, loss or modification of ecosystem, sea level change. Threats are from beach erosion, water pollution and mangrove degradation. Eligibility: 2. Tourism Development 4.4 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Hotspot 2

St. John’s Harbour - Antigua

Description: The economic centre and political capital of Antigua and Barbuda. Main activities here are cruise tourism, commercial shipping activities, recreation, urbanisation. Solid and sewage waste disposal are the main threats (along with erosion) and their impacts include microbiological pollution, chemical pollution, suspended solids and solid waste. The area is susceptible to flooding during storms and hurricanes. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity 2.3 Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management) 3.3 Information capture to drive and support water management policy development 3.4 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare 4.1 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater 4.2 Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes Hotspot 3

South Coast Watersheds

Description: In the region of Boggy Peak, Wallings Forest and Cades Bay Marine Park. 78 km 2. ¾ forest and ¼ marine. This region provides a significant source of income for farmers. Fishers, divers, forest guides and gatherers. Natural conditions include drought and land slippage as well as hurricanes. Relevant issues here are reduction in stream flow of freshwater, suspended solids pollution and modification of ecosystems or ecotones. The nature of the threats include coal-burning, roaming animals (overgrazing and deforestation), land erosion (road rehabilitation project) and wild fires. The area has a unique ‘mixed evergreen – deciduous forest’, many habitat-specific species and the Cades Bay Marine Park Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity

198

2. Tourism Development 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution Sensitive Area 1

Great Bird Island and Adjacent Area

Description: This is a cluster of islands in north-eastern Antigua. The offshore islands are home to one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s rarest snakes which is highly susceptible to the introduction of exotic species. The area is also important for migratory birds. As a result there is significant concern over the influence of adjacent areas. The main human activities in the area include tourism, recreation, fishing, conservation and bird-watching. The relevant issues include destructive fishing practices, solid waste, modification of ecosystems, etc. The threats are invasive species, solid waste pollution and coral reef destruction. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity 2. Tourism Development 3.5 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare Sensitive Area 2

Jumby Bay Hawksbill Turtle Project

Description: This is an offshore island with a length of beach (about 60 m) where Hawksbills nest. The main human activities here include conservation and tourism. Impacts are modification to the ecosystem and impacts on biological and genetic diversity. Principal threats include over-zealous data collection (??), tourism expansion, beach erosion. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity 2. Tourism Development 3.4 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare Sensitive Area 3

Codrington Lagoon

Description: 18 km2. Western coast of Barbuda. This is an important bird roosting and nesting area, especially for frigate birds. It is also important to as a nursery area for commercial fish (e.g. it is an important regional lobster spawning ground). The main human activities here include fishing, recreation and tourism. And the main impacts are modifications to the ecosystem or ecotones, destructive fishing practices, the potential for chemical, microbial and solid waste pollution. The threat are beach erosion, water pollution, mangrove degradation, and the threat of increased tourism-related traffic. There is non-point pollution from residential houses on the periphery of the lagoon. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity 2. Tourism Development 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution BAHAMAS HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT

199

Hotspot 1

Elizabeth Harbour - Exuma

Description: The Exuma Keys are an aesthetic attraction bringing in main yachts. Elizabeth Harbour in Georgetown attracts upwards of 5-600 boats a day. There are no moorings and anchoring causes coral damage. Elizabeth Harbour has a history of contamination from sewage discharged both from visiting yachts and from waterside commercial establishments such as restaurants and shops. The vessels pump grey and black wastewater into the harbour causing environmental degradation and eutrophication. Bahamas has more marinas than any of the other Caribbean Island countries. New marinas in the Bahamas are required to have reception facilities to secondary level after which the effluent is injected into deep holes. There are landfills for solid waste and the IDB have been assisting the Bahamas in developing better solid waste management. Smaller areas and communities use incineration and then collection. Exuma could be a good place to undertake a demonstration on zoning. Exuma needs more educational/institutional input to guide the community and this information needs to get into the schools. Exuma has less water than Andros and cannot afford to make mistakes. Eligibility: 2.4 Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management) 2.5 Mitigating land degradation as a result of inappropriate tourism policies 3.4 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare 4.1 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater Sensitive Area 1

Andros Island

Description: The Bahamas consists of more than 700 islands with a total population of a little greater than 300,000. This is spread out as 70% in New Providence (Nassau), 15% in Freeport and the rest scattered around the various islands. There are thirteen major islands and many small ones with a total national surface area of nearly 14,000 m 2. Andros Island is the largest island in the Bahamas Archipelago and supports a number of habitat types (mangrove, seagrass, sand banks) which act as nursery areas for the Grand Bahamas Bank and beyond (a significant fishery area). The main human activities on Andros are agriculture, tourism, general development (some tourism-related) and fisheries. The island supports high biodiversity (especially in the mangrove and wetland areas) and is a significant water catchment area with Bahamas most important aquifer just below the surface. It also supports some forest (pine and coppice). The main threats to the water regime and related biodiversity include pollution of the aquifer (agriculture, sewage, unsanctioned domestic use, puncture as a result of development), encroachment, destruction of sensitive habitats, dredging, over-fishing> the incidents of pollution are not heavy or chronic as yet but there is a high potential for such chronic effects from wastewater and development (fuel and oil pollution also) and from sedimentation for construction and dredging. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity 2. Tourism Development 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution BARBADOS HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT

200

Hotspot 1

St. Michael Groundwater Catchment

Description: St. Michael, St. Thomas and St. John Parishes. 70 sq. km. Containing the island’s most significant aquifer. The relevant GIWA issues include pollution of existing water supplies, chemical pollution, over-exploitation, coastal pollution. The main human activities in this area include agriculture, housing, industry and tourism. The area is a significant unconfined karstic aquifer and represents on of the most important water sources in Barbados. There is a sugar cane industry upstream and a densely populated area downstream. The main threats are urbanisation and encroachment into protected groundwater zones, agro-chemical pollution, over abstraction and saltwater intrusion, exceeding the permissible nitrate level in drinking water. Eligibility: 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution Hotspot 2

West Coast Groundwater Recharge

Description: 280 sq. km on west coast of Barbados. The main GIWA issues include the lowering of the water table due to over-abstraction and reduced recharge, saline intrusion, coastal pollution. The main activities are agriculture, tourism, residential. The area has a karst hydrology supporting an unconfined aquifer consisting of a thin freshwater lens over saline water. Main threats are saltwater intrusion, groundwater pollution and reduced recharge along with a rise in nitrate levels. Heavy levels of nitrates are coming off the golf courses Eligibility: 2. Tourism Development 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution Hotspot 3

Scotland District

Description: East coast of Barbados. A 52 sq. km. National Park site. The relevant GIWA issues include suspended solids, loss of ecosystems, land slippage, and sand mining. The main human activities include housing, agriculture, mining and tourism. The area supports the remaining remnants of primary and secondary forest. There is now increasing erosions as a result of deforestation which is leading to land slippage. The main threats are loss of habitat due to sand-mining, the increased erosion as a result of deforestation, disposal of domestic wastewater, and recreational activities. The marine environment is being damaged by silt. Eligibility: 2. Tourism Development 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution Sensitive Area 1

Harrison’s Cave

Description: in St. Thomas’ parish, this is a Cave system which is a National Environmental Protected Site. The relevant GIWA issues include microbial and chemical pollution, suspended solids, loss of ecosystem (damage to the cave features). Main human activities include housing, agriculture and tourism. Main threats are sedimentation and discolouration of cave features, water quality threats and air pollution. Sources of concern are surface run-off and animal wastes. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity Conservation 2. Tourism Development

201

Sensitive Area 2

Maycock’s Bay Marine Protected Area

Description: A coastal Region in Maycock’s and St. Lucy. The actual size is unmapped yet but it is an Area of Special Scientific Interest. The relevant GIWA issues include siltation from run-off, chemical and microbial pollution from run-off (including oil), and coral degradation. The main human activities include fishing, quarrying, and agriculture. This has global significance, as it is a Biodiversity Reference Area as well as a national Richest Area of Hard Corals. The main threats include run-off from fields and gullies, siltation and pollutants from run-off, and siltation from a cement plant. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity Conservation 4. Land and Marine Based Sources of Pollution Sensitive Area 3

Graeme Hall Swamp

Description: In Worthing, Barbados. This is a National Heritiage Site and the relevant GIWA issues include chemical and microbial pollution, suspended solids and loss of ecosystems. The main human activities are tourism, fishing, agriculture and bird-watching. This is a RAMSAR site listed mangrove swamp. The main threats to it are from polluted surface and groundwater inflows from domestic wastewater disposal, and euthrophication. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity Conservation 4. Land and Marine Based Sources of Pollution CUBA HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

Cienfuegos Bay Watersheds

Description: South central Cuba (2,210 km.sq.). High maritime and port activities. Third most important port in country. A complex estuary with river discharges opening into Caribbean. Principal bay in Cuba for study and protection under the ‘National Programme for Bays Protection’. The Hanabanilla protected area is located in the watershed. This includes the Hanabanilla Lake. The environmental health of the lake is essential to sustain socio-economic activities. The area supports important biodiversity. Tourism is growing (boating, swimming, diving) and Cienfuego City is becoming centre of watersports for Cuba. Fisheries are of both local and national importance. Threats include industrial pollution from port activities, excessive transport of solids into bay as a result of deforestation, soil erosion (associated with sugar cane plantations and other agriculture), floods (also resulting from high suspended solid deposition), domestic and industrial wastewater (agro-industry and sugar processing). Eutrophication of the Bay is becoming a very real concern (point-sources include paper-mills, sugar, glucose industries), as is the high levels of faecal density considering recreational activities.. Improved water resource management policies coupled with conservation practices are needed. Also new approaches to land utilisation (especially agricultural practices). Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity (1.1, 1.2) 2.6 Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management) 3. Protection of Water Supplies (3.1, 3.2, 3.3., 3.4) 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) Hotspot 2

Cauto Watershed

202

Description: Eastern Cuba, 8,969 sq.km., largest water basin in country. Cauta river discharges into Caribbean in SE Cuba near town of Cauta Embarcadero where shrimp and fish are main captures. Shrimp farming also present. 71% of basin = agricultural development (sugar cane, rice, coffee, vegetables and fruits). At the outlet of the basin is the Delta del Cauto (a Ramsar site and a faunal refuge). The basin has a high floristic biodiversity. Many species of flora and fauna are endemic and the basin is the largest reservoir of Crocodylus acutus in the Caribbean Another ‘Watershed of National Priority’. Poor soil condition is the main problem, along with other bad agricultural practices (including deforestation). Water quality problems exist due to low water table and raised salinity. Attempts have been made at reforestation. Intense hydraulic development (reservoirs) are a result of irrigation needs, domestic and industrial water demands. This has resulted in reduced stream flow to the estuary (Ramsar site). Other problems include lack of an effective solution to wastewater management for agro-industry and human settlements. Eligibility: 1.1 Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy 3. Protection of Water Supplies (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) Hotspot 3

Zaza Watershed

Description: Central Cuba, Second largest watershed in Cuba (2,413 sq. km.). Discharges at fishing (lobster, shrimp) village of Tunas de Zaza. Agriculture (Sugar cane, tobacco, etc) and industry (fish processing) are well-developed as well as aquaculture in the main reservoirs (Zara is the biggest reservoir in the country). Biodiversity includes one of the most important wetlands (with mangroves) in Cuba. Selected as a ‘watershed of national priority’ in 1997, soils severely affected by erosion and serious deforestation problems (leading to excessive sediment loads in rivers and reservoirs). This also leads to occasional flooding High level of construction for hydraulic development (reservoirs and canals). The Zara reservoir traps much of the water altering the ecology of riverbeds. The need to manage wastewater collection and treatment (especially domestic sewage) as well as controlling chemical pollution from the agro-industry are paramount. Eligibility: 3. Protection of Water Supplies (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) 4.1 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater 4.2 Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Sensitive Area 1

Toa Watershed

Description: 1061 sq. km. in Eastern Cuba (Mountain area). Discharges west of Baracoa City (outside actual watershed but highly dependent on watershed conditions). Basin of Toa river occupies 70 % of the ‘Toa Knives’ Biosphere Reserve. Most important region for biodiversity (variety of landscapes, high endemism, level of conservation) both nationally and regionally. Rich flora (>100 endemics) and fauna (20% of Cuba’s endemic birds). The basin also hosts 60% of the ‘Alejandro de Humboldt National Park’. Scarcity of human population has kept anthropogenic impact to a minimum throughout most of the basin. Main concerns include deforestation (regulated extraction and processing of timber) and wastewater (associated with agriculture, especially coffer production). Mostly a problem of biological load. Improvements in agricultural practices are vital.

203

Eligibility: 3.5 Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices 4.2 Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Sensitive Area 2

Cuyaguateje Watershed

Description: Western Cuba. 723 km2. Important freshwater reserve and largest watershed in western Cuba. This is the most important Karst region in the country (and Caribbean) with high biodiversity values, high endemism (flora and fauna), and a complex variety of landscapes. Agricultural land use is less than 20% (tobacco). Swamp forest and mangrove ecosystem are well-represented. Aquaculture is an important activity (Tilapia, common Carp, etc). Efforts have been made to re-forest the river banks but frest cover is low in the lower river course as a result of agricultural activities. Tourism activities are increasing. There are 8 protected areas in the watershed. Main concerns in this area are deforestation and soil degradation with seawater intrusion. Soil erosion, acidity, salinity and poor drainage with loss of organic matter are common problems in the agricultural areas. An extended system of lagoons are connected via the Cuyaguateje Hydraulic complex which has altered river characteristics and diminished the flow of fresh water and encouraging for seawater intrusion, with alterations in aquatic vegetation. Water from the Complex (reservoirs and canals) is used for irrigation, domestic consumption and industrial uses. Eligibility: 3. Protection of Water Supplies (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Sensitive Area 3

Hanabanilla Watershed

Description: Central Cuba, mountain area. 288 km2. Hanabanilla artificial lake is the most important artificial resources of the basin. The outlet of the lake drives Cubaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest hydroelectric facility. Population in area is low. This watershed is considered to be of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;national interestâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; due to its socio-economic importance, richness of biodiversity, and high endemism. Within the watershed is the Hanabanilla protected area. Coffee and some regulated timber extraction are the main activities. The reservoir supplies Cienfuegos City and Santa Clara with their water needs. The watershed itself is well-conserved with regard to natural resources due to a scarce population. It is an important refuge for a number of threatened species. Soil degradation is the major environmental problem. Need to develop best practices in agriculture as well as wastewater treatment for the coffee industry (Biological loading too high). Illegal hunting (poaching) is becoming more frequent. There is some potential hydrocarbon contamination from local boats on the reservoir. Eligibility: 3. Protection of Water Supplies (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) 4.2 Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices DOMINICA HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

DUBLANC

204

Description: West coast of Dominica, 6 sq. km. This area supplies water to the two communities of Dublanc and Bioche and is also and important tourist destination. The area is famous for the Dominican Parrot (endangered species) and the river has important freshwater biodiversity. The Bay into which the river empties is important to fisheries and both river and bay are used for recreational purposes. The river also runs through a main village on the west coast. Threats to the area include bathing and washing and use of detergents above the water catchment areas, as well as chemical pollution from intensive agriculture. Eligibility: 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution Hotspot 2

WEST COAST â&#x20AC;&#x201C; JIMMIT TO MORNE ESPAGNOL

Description: Conservation of Dominicaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s national flower habitat. This requires the provision of 60 acres of land area. The main human activities include housing development, quarrying and mining as well as some road development and agriculture. Natural conditions include dry scrub woodlands with some recent discovery of new species of palms. Principal threats include fire, invasive species of plants such as lemon grass, pollution (garbage disposal), deforestation, sedimentation, agriculture, housing and tourism. Eligibility: 2. Tourism Development 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution Sensitive Area 1

CARIB TERRITORY

Description: East coast of Dominica, approximately 1,523 hectares in area. This represents the traditional home territory for the Carib Indian community. They have their own Council and practice traditional woodland craft and subsistence farming. However, some of these approaches are non-sustainable. The main human activities in this area include the cutting of forest for timber for dwellings and canoes, agro-forestry, and extraction of materials for wood-craft, as well as subsistence agriculture. The area is mostly rainforest with high biodiversity., principal threats include the over-exploitation of certain natural resources, land clearance, de-stabilisation and erosion of soils. Eligibility: 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution Sensitive Area 2

PENVILLE

Description: 10 acres approximately. The site context is a fumarole, which is active, as well as a dormant volcano. There is a volcano crater with bubbling springs. There are unique vegetation types present, which are endangered, Human activities include road construction, housing, agriculture. Principal threats include land clearance, agriculture, tourism, deforestation. The springs are becoming polluted due to run-off from the roads. Eligibility: 2. Tourism Development 3. Protection of Water Supplies DOMINICAN REPUBLIC HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

Haina Industrial Zone and Community

205

Description: 39 sq. km in south of DR with important river and marine port. Upstream industries (Petroleum refinery, vehicle battery manufacturer, electricity generation) and communities (solid and liquid waste) discharge effluents which are then carried to the town and the coastal habitats. Main Eligibility: 4.1. Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater. 4.2. Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes. Hotspot 2

Agropecuarial Zone of Constanza

Description: Centre of island â&#x20AC;&#x201C; riverine area. Waters are not contaminated as come from National Park area. Important agricultural and ecotourism area. Regional has 3 scientific reserves (Forest biodiversity). Intensive use of agrochemicals along with domestic wastewater (no sewage system) and solid waste is creating a threat. Main Eligibility: 3. Protection of Water Supplies (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) 4.1. Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater. 4.2. Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Hotspot 3

SamanĂĄ Tourism Zone

Description: Peninsula in NE of DR. Runs from tourist beaches up into mountains. River Yuma passes through into SamanĂĄ Bay. Tourism is increasing in importance (Whale watching, ecotourism) leading to expansions of infrastructure (new roads, international airport). Area also important for agriculture (coconuts) and fisheries. Area rich in forest reserves and biodiversity. Coastal area is whale-breeding site. Many hotels and several harbours in this province. River Yuma highly contaminated by industries located external to the region. Main threats are loss of biodiversity and ecosystem function (contamination and deforestation), ship contamination, old mercury pollution for 100 years ago (440 tonnes) into bay. Also pollution from hotels and communities Main Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity (1.1, 1.2,) 2.1 Tourism planning as part of IWCAM 3.1 Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices 4.2. Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Sensitive Area 1

Saona Island National Park

Description: Part of the East National Park. The island is a few km of the North of Hispaniola. Main activities on island are fishing, subsistence agriculture, and ecotourism. There is a high bird density and diversity, a number of diverse ecosystems, saline lagoons, mangrove, high plant diversity, no rivers. 400 people on island. Threats are from waste water, deforestation for charcoal, loss of ecosystems, overfishing, impact of transportation shipping. Eligibility: 2.2 Mitigating land degradation as a result of inappropriate tourism policies 4.1 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater.

206

4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Sensitive Area 2

Bani Dunes – National Park of the Caldera

Description: SW of DR. 20 sq. km. area. Three communities of 300 people each working in salt industry and fishing. High density of marine birds, reptiles, butterflies. One central road, no rivers. Threats include illegal sand extraction for construction, loss of dunes, domestic waste water contamination. Eligibility: 1.1 Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy 4.1 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater. 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices. GRENADA HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

GREAT RIVER – ST. ANDREWS

Description: Water is extracted from this river for potable use and industrial use. Downstream areas and estuarine lagoons are an important nursery area and fishery. The main threats are excessive use of agrochemicals which are polluting the water supply and killing of life in the lagoons. Solid wastes are also carried down the river from settlements in the upper catchment areas. The main GIWA-related concerns include the pollution of existing water supplies, chemical pollution and solid wastes. Eligibility: 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution Sensitive Area 1

GRAND E’TANG LAKE AND WATERSHED SYSTEM

Description: The Grand E’tang Lake is important as a major source of potable water/ It is also a natural surface water catchment area which supports a significant ecological community. The main threats include over-extraction during the dry season leading to changes in the biological community structure. Siltation due to damming and inadequate maintenance is also causing problems. the main cause of pollution is sedimentation. The main GIWA-related concerns include the reduction of stream flow, suspended solids and modifications of ecosystems and ecotones. Eligibility: 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution HAITI HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

La Gonave Island

Description: Largest of islands off Haiti (in the west). In the Bay of Port-Au-Prince. 670 km 2. Southeast coast of La Gonave is lined by mountains which drop abruptly into the sea. the southwest has coastal plains with mangrove, salt flats, beaches and excellent habitats for shore birds and seabirds. These are important nesting areas for flamingos, pelicans and frigate birds. Large reef systems ring the island with the exception of the western shoreline.

207

Main human activities include agriculture, fishing, charcoal production, livestock farming. Threats include pollution by solid wastes, over-exploitation of resources, loss of habitat (especially mangroves). Mismanagement of land, erosion of drainage basins and sand-extraction need to be addressed. Faecal pollution and waste dumping is also a threat. Eligibility: 1.1 Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy 4.5 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Hotspot 2

The Artibonite

Description: Artibonite Delta situated between coastal waters of Gonaives to Bay of St. Marc. The Artibonite River is the most spectacular watershed area in Haiti (9,500 km 2) and represents a transboundary basin shared with the Dominican Republic. 71% of the river area is in Haiti. The Artibonite Delta has 100s of hectares of rice paddies either side of the river. Fishing and salt production are also important in the estuary. The area is considered to be one of the most important wetlands in Haiti. Three large bays to the north of the river mouth are said to harbour manatee. The Grand Saline, along with a fishing village and a smaller bay lie south of the river mouth. Mangroves border the bays, while the coast consists of a vast tidal flat providing feeding habitat for hundreds of flamingos and other shorebirds as well as migratory birds. The Artibonite Estuary is subject to the influence of eroding mountainsides and the use of chemicals upstream (becoming residual). Over-exploitation of forest resources have led to the erosion of soils and drainage basins. Overfishing is also a problem as is pollution by chemicals and suspended solids. Loss of habitat in the watershed (forests) and along the coast (mangrove) are also a concern as is the reduction in freshwater flow. Eligibility: 1.3 Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy 3.1 Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) JAMAICA HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

Rio Grande Watershed - Portland

Description: A unique site with high biodiversity, both coastal and terrestrial. The area is of major importance for farming, fishing and tourism. The area is highly susceptible to flash floods. Changes in hydrological cycle are the major concern. The development of mechanisms to handle such extreme events would be the objective. The Table of Value (Table 10) contradicts the Aggregated Tables with respect to environmental significance. Eligibility: Insufficient information given in Hotspot Assessment to define which OP9 areas would be eligible. Hotspot 2

Kingston Harbour

Description:

208

Kingston Harbour is a major shipping and fishing Harbour. 25.87 km 2. The site is a natural harbour and has had a flourishing fishery. Mangrove habitats were significant. The area has gradually deteriorated due to the reduction in mangrove and fishery-related habitats. The overall economic and social status of the village on the harbour has also fallen. Pollution originates from industrial waste, sewage, PHCs, domestic solid waste, siltation and sedimentation. Communities are involved in local management of resources. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity Conservation (1.1, 1.2) 3.4 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare 4.2 Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes Hotspot 3

Black River, St. Elizabeth

Description: 1639km2. The area is a fishing and farming community and is noted for its fishing and wetland habitats. Lack of water in the area has resulted in farmers losing agricultural production with a consequent decline in economic and social status. The objectives of any assistance here would be to address the reduction is stream-flow of fresh water. However, the area is low-priority with respect to environmental significance although high-priority from the socio-economic point-of-view. There is little global significance (although table 10. Value of the Site contradicts the Aggregated Tables as is the same for Rio Grande). ST. KITTS AND NEVIS HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

Basseterre Valley

Description: The Basseterre Valley aquifer is of major importance to the welfare of the people of Basseterre as well as the maintenance of a healthy ecosystem. It provides most of the groundwater supply to the capital town. It is under threat from over-extraction and pollution. Pollution threats are from sewage, agricultural chemicals, fuel stations. It is also threatened by development within the tourism sector as well as expansion of the residential area. Eligibility: 2. Tourism Development 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Sensitive Area 1

St. Kitts and Nevis Coastal Habitats

Description: St. Kitts and Nevis has a small continental shelf area supporting high biodiversity habitats such as sea-grass beds, coral reefs and, in the intertidal, mangroves. Threats to these habitats and resources include coastal development (construction, sand-mining), poorly managed drainage and soil erosion, agricultural chemicals, and lack of effective legislation and enforcement. The islands need to develop better national legislation and adopt some form of management strategy through zoning and protection. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution ST. LUCIA HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

Rodney Bay and Lagoon Watershed

209

Description: The Rodney Bay area is one of the key tourist areas in St. Lucia and is the centre for water sports. The bay has elevated bacteria concentrations, within the lagoon as well as trace metals. Yachts are a major source of pollution through sewage discharge. The main human activities include tourism and recreation, including swimming. Key issues for this area include sewage management, addressing the accumulation of contaminants in the lagoon sediments, Eligibility: 2.1 Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management) 3.4 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare 4.1 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater

Hotspot 2

Mabouya Valley

Description: East coast St. Lucia. 41 km2. A mangrove/wetland area and forested area of local timber. The area is important for tourism. Population in 2001 = 8878. Main activities include agriculture and human settlements. Agriculture accounts for 90% of employment (bananas, apiculture, livestock production, agro-forestry. Some of the countries prime agricultural land is here (26% of national agricultural output). Currently tourism does not impact significantly on income levels and employment in the valley. The major tourist attraction is the Fond Dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;or Heritage Park. However, tourism is growing as a socio-economic contributor with the establishment of a Heritage Park. Most of the coastal area associated with the Mabouya valley falls within the National Trust System of Parks and Protected Areas. There was a Mabouya Valley Project but more information is needed on this. No initiatives since but this highlighted global significance. Impacts include reduction in streamflow, chemical pollution, suspended solids. There is high turbidity of rivers/streams along with siltation, soil erosion, riverbank degradation, destruction of forest, beach erosions, liquid and solid wastes (including plastics used on farms), poor water quality, and flooding. Approximately 60% of the watershed is used for activities that contribute to degradation of the habitat. So key issues include poor land management, waste management practices and agricultural practices, although tourism management may become a future issue. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity (1.1, 1.2) 2.7 Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management) 3. Protection of Water Supplies (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) Hotspot 3

Choc Watershed/Bay

210

Description: 13 km2. Important tourism area outside of capital as well as local recreational area. Also important agricultural area (Bananas). A lot of construction and development. Main concerns include pollution by suspended solids (including sewage) and solid wastes, evidence of pesticide accumulation. There is a high turbidity of river water due to land-practices which is leading to sediment transportation within the Bay. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity (1.1, 1.2) 2. Tourism Development (2.1, 2.2) 3.6 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) Hotspot 4

Pointe Sable Nature Reserve

Description: 22.8 km2. Area of sandy beaches. Important to tourism and recreation. Main human activities include residential and commercial development, fishing, agriculture, sand-mining. Principal concerns include soil erosion, disruption of sedimentation regime, high turbidity, solid waste pollution, pollution of existing supplies. Eligibility: 2.1 Tourism planning as part of IWCAM (with particular emphasis on water resources and wastewater management) 4.1 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices ST. VINCENT AND GRENADINES HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

Corem-Majorca Watershed

Description: Very steep slopes, heavy precipitation, mostly given to agriculture. Agricultural practices are inappropriate with little or no attention to conservation. This is damaging the watershed. Soil erosion is a major concern. No effective land-use or land management practices. Deforestation is increasing soil erosion. Difficult to control as much of the farming (especially in Majorca area) is Illegal (Marijuana). Pollution within the water-shed and into adjacent coastal areas is primarily high levels of suspended solids from soil erosion and run-off. Some probably incidents of chemical pollution from fertilisers and pesticides. High national priority (socio-economic and environmental) especially for Forestry Department and the integrated Forest Management Project. Low regional priority. Eligibility: 1.4 Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy 3.1 Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices 3.4 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices

211

Hotspot 2

South Coast â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Villa Area

Description: 260 km2. Construction, development, tourism, recreational water activities, fishing,. The area used to be an important fishery area for lobster. The area is expanding fast as a site for tourism (bars, apartments, hotels). There is little or no wastewater treatment, and both liquid and solid waste find their way untreated into the coastal waters. Although there may be legislation in place to define treatment and discharge processes, this is not enforced. Human sewage discharges, grey-water discharges, suspended sediments from constructions, solid wastes from construction and washed down rivers. Individual sources are point-source(e.g. domestic waste) but overall source is scattered throughout coastal hinterland. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity 2. Tourism Development 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution BUT This may be too much for a demonstration project (considering the level of financing) Hotspot 3

Diamonds Estate

Description: 10 km2. Activities at this site are affecting adjacent coastal areas. Removal of natural construction materials (e.g. Sand-mining, gravels), Solid waste dumping. The site is a good source of sand for construction materials (However, sand-mining is a coastal-wide phenomenon in St. Vincent. So principal impacts from this area are suspended sediments and solid waste. This is a localised hotspot. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity 3.4 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare 4.2 Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes Sensitive Area 1

Grenadine Island Chain

Description: This is a fairly extensive archipelago of islands to the south of St. Vincent. As a pristine marine habitat supporting coral, sea grass and mangrove ecosystems the area is inevitably critical for the welfare of adjacent marine ecosystems. Grenada and other adjacent islands almost certainly benefit ecologically from the presence of such an unspoilt environment within the region (re: fisheries, biodiversity, etc). In that respect the area can be considered to be of great regional significance and high global significance. This is an area of exceptional aesthetic beauty and globally-significant biodiversity. The main human activities here include fishing, subsistence agriculture, watersports tourism, development-related construction. The Grenadines supports some of the least-impacted marine habitats in the Caribbean. The relatively healthy condition is a reflection of the lack of development, which itself reflects the hardship of living in the area where the islands are dry and water is a very scarce commodity. As a consequence, the area is of critical importance to regional fisheries and the welfare of coral reefs and other critical marine habitats. The threat to this area now is one of inevitable development. Already some of the islands are becoming popular tourist destinations, even in the absence of facilities. Furthermore, already there are signs of impact on the healthy reef systems from discharges, garbage and direct damaging (diving, snorkelling and anchoring. There is an indigenous population of some 10,000 people who, during the dry season suffer considerable hardship due to lack of water. It is inevitable that the government will need to address the needs of the local population, and resolve the water shortage issue. When this happens then development will surely follow and the main concern here would be the impact from wastewater, solid wastes, and other

212

development associated concerns. Expected source for baseline situation would be sewage and domestic waste water, solid waste, chemical pollutants, etc. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity 2. Tourism Development 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution Sensitive Area 2

St. Vincent Water Resources

Description: This Sensitive Area addresses the water resource issues on the main island of St. Vincent. The principal concerns include Water extraction for domestic use, diversion and extraction for irrigation, diversion for energy (hydroelectric). Also agriculture. Potential over-extraction of water. Pollution of water supply through inappropriate planning and siting of industry, construction, discharges, etc. Inappropriate land-use leading to high suspended solids and chemical pollutants for agriculture. Diverse sources of pollution throughout the various watersheds. Water resource survey and management practices transferable to other SIDS. Eligibility: 3. Protection of Water Supplies 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Sensitive Area 3

SVG Marine Parks System

Description: The waters around St. Vincent and the Grenadines are globally significant as part of the Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem. They support critical habitats such as coral reefs, mangroves and sea grasses. Certain areas are still in relatively pristine condition. The main in-water activities include fisheries, water sports and tourism. Natural threats include all coastal zone issues (solid and liquid wastes, chemical pollution, etc). Problems include inadequate capacity to manage parks, (poor or non-existent enforcement, lack of equipment, lack of adequately-trained human resources). Many sources of pollution. Marine Park status will provide protection (in principal) against such pollution. The effects of protecting or not protecting the marine areas of St. Vincent and the Grenadines would inevitably be felt beyond the territorial waters. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity 2. Tourism Development 3.4 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO HOTSPOT ASSESSMENT Hotspot 1

Caroni River Basin

Description: North Trinidad. 914 km2. Caroni river drains the catchment area through the Caroni swamp on the west coast and into Gulf of Paria. This is the largest river in Trinidad and is the main source of freshwater for domestic use in the country. The main human activities are agriculture, irrigation, livestock farming, light industry, urbanisation and domestic water use.

213

The main concerns are reduction in stream flow, pollution of existing supplies of freshwater and lowering of the water table. Threats to the basin include urbanisation, poor agricultural practices, pollution, flooding, increased sedimentation and ecosystem changes. Eligibility: 1.1 Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy 3. Protection of Water Supplies (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) Hotspot 2

Caura River Valley

Description: Central part of northern range. 51 km2. The Caura/Tacarigua river drains into the Caroni River System and then ultimately into the Caroni Swamp on the west coast of Trinidad. Main human activities include agriculture, industry, recreation and urbanisation. In the upper catchment, agricultural pollution is the main concern. In the lower catchment it is industrial pollution and nitrate levels from urbanisation. Eligibility: 1.2 Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy 3. Protection of Water Supplies (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) 4. Land and Marine-Based Sources of Pollution (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) Hotspot 3

Nariva Swamp

Description: East central coast of Trinidad. 62 km2. This is a sensitive brackish water environment on the east coast of Trinidad supporting a significant wetlands ecosystem with a wide variety of endangered animal and plant species. Main human activities are rice farming, irrigation and hunting. Principal threats include forest fires and saline water intrusion. Eligibility: 1.5 Integrating zoning and planning policies into an overall IWCAM strategy 3.1 Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Hotspot 4

Buccoo Reef

Description: Southwest Tobago. 7 km2. Important coral ecosystem and protected area. Land-based activities are introducing silt and pollution runoff into marine environment resulting in the deterioration of the reef and other marine organisms and ecosystems. The main human activities associated with this area include recreation, tourism and urbanisation. Threats are from increased sediment levels, nitrate pollution (sewage effluents) from domestic discharges and tourism-related activities. A recent project is under development through IDB to deal with domestic sewage.

214

Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity Conservation 2. Tourism Development (2.1, 2.2) 4.6 Development of cost-effective and appropriate reception, storage and treatment strategies for domestic wastewater 4.3 Integrated watershed/basin management approaches targeting improved land-use practices Hotspot 5

Chaguaramas Peninsula

Description: Northwest tip of Trinidad. 103 km2. Important coastal environments to south and west Pollution in this area could threaten Gulf of Paria. Main problem activities include shipping ports, light industries, tourism-based yachting, water extraction from local aquifers. These all threaten the health of the marine ecosystems and ambient water quality. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity Conservation (1.1, 1.2) 2. Tourism Development (2.1, 2.2) 3.7 Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices Hotspot 6

Point Lisas Industrial Estate

Description: West central Trinidad. 2 km2. An industrial estate where activities threaten the coastal environment. Effluents from industrial activities reach the coastal environment and could be carried into Gulf of Paria.. Main activities are heavy and light industry, sea water desalination for industrial needs, and shipping activities/ports. The harmful products of the industrial processes as well as the high salinity outfalls are considered a threat. Eligibility: 1. Coastal Area Management and Biodiversity Conservation 3.1 Development and implementation of improved and coordinated water resource management and conservation practices 3.2 Improved policies and regulations addressing water supply and demand 3.3 Information capture to drive and support water management policy development 3.4 Ambient environmental monitoring programmes relating to water resource and wastewater management and coastal welfare 4.7 Development of treatment and discharge requirements and practices for industrial wastes

215