FOWARD The final semester of the Bachelor of Science in Architecture definitely one of the toughest semester in my 3 years journey pursuing my bachelor degree. This semester indeed taught me a lot, not only in the academic aspect but also in soft skills, time management and my critical thinking. Through out the semester, I able to improve and sharpen my understanding on sustainability, technical and design. Moreover, there is also numbers of new knowledge that I manage to learn within this semester especially knowledge on design with urban heritage and context, universal design and also I manage to learn about the heritage, history and culture of George Town. This report will include the work that I has done in my final semester. Within this report is the summarize of my design progress throughout the semester in designing the clubhouse for the young one and the once young until the final presentation scheme. Also included is details on technical aspect which is building services, sustainability strategies and buildability of my scheme so called THE INTERHOME.
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ACKNOWLEDEGEMENTS First of all. I am grateful to Allah s.w.t. which with His blessing and guidance I manage to overcome any problems and issue that I encountered in order to complete and end my 3 years journey in getting my Bachelor of Science in Architecture successfully. Secondly, I would like to express my deep sense of thankfulness to my studio coordinator, Ar. Aniza Abd Aziz and to all my design studio lecturer and tutors Pn. Ati Rosemary Mohd Ariffin, Ar. Eddie Choi Kam Ping, Dr. Norhayati Hussain and Ar. Chua YheuShen for their time, effort and patience in teaching and guiding me through out this semester for me to complete this project. Also I thanks to all the external panels which is Dr Norafida Abd Ghafar and Ar. Hj. Zulkhairi Md Zain who has giving comment and guide me to improve my scheme and my verbal presentation skill from the interim 3 until the final presentation. Next, I am very much thankful to my mother and all family members who been supporting me emotionally and financially all the way from the beginning of my degree life until the end. Last but not least, a huge sense of appreciation I express to my fellow friends who been helping me in giving moral support and sharing knowledge in order for us to be successful together in the architecture life.
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TABLE OF CONTENT FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGEMENT TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF DRAWINGS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF IMAGES
i ii iii iv v vi
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Design Brief 1.2 Objectives of design 1.3 Project Requirement 1.4 Program / Space Requirements 1.5 Universal design and standards
1 2 2 3 4 – 12
2.0 URBAN ANALYSIS 2.1 History of Penang and Georgetown 2.2 History of urban site 2.3 Legibility 2.4 Traffic study and possible access 2.5 Noise and pollutions 2.6 Existing infrastructures 2.7 Vegetation 2.8 Other facilities and amenities nearby 2.9 Micro Climate and detail of site 2.10 SWOT Analysis 2.11 Local Authorities’ Guidelines
13 – 14 15 16 17 - 18 19 20 21 22 23 – 24 25 26
3.0 DESIGN CONCEPT 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Design Ideas and Intentions 3.3 Design Concept 3.4 Design Strategies 3.5 Site Strategies 3.6 Calculation for Plot, Plinth ratio and Parking 3.7 Precedent Study 3.8 Landscape Design and Planning 3.9 Sustainability Features
4.0 BUILDING CONCSTRUCTION AND STRUCTURE 4.1 Foundation System 4.2 Column And Beam Structure 4.3 Vierendeel Truss System 4.4 Floor System 4.5 Roof System 4.6 Ceiling System 4.7 Finishes
42 43 44 45 46 – 47 48 49
5.0 BUILDING SERVICES 5.1 Fire Safety Requirements 5.2 Building Drainage 5.3 Natural and Mechanical Ventilation Systems 5.4 Vertical Transportation 5.5 Electrical Supply And Distribution Systems 5.6 Water Supply and Distribution Systems 5.7 Sanitary and Sewerage Systems 5.8 Solid Waste Disposal
50 – 59 60 61 – 62 63 64 65 66 67
6.0 FINAL DESIGN PROPOSOL 6.1 Sketches 6.2 Final Presentation Drawings 6.3 Interior Perspective 6.4 Photos of Final Models 6.5 Selected comments by critic panel during final presentation
68 69 70 71 72
7.0 CONCLUSION 8.0 REFERENCES
73 74
27 28 29 – 30 31 – 32 33 – 34 35 36 37 – 38 39 – 41
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LIST OF DRAWINGS
Drawing 3.1 The site plan. Source: Author Drawing 4.0 section of pad foundation and retaining wall in THE INTERHOME Drawing 4.1 Detail section showing the beam and column. Drawing 4.2 Detail section showing the vierendeel truss section Drawing 4.3 section of floor slab at basement and ground floor. Drawing 4.4 detail of composite reinforced concrete deck slab Drawing 4.5 section of composite reinforced concrete deck slab at second floor level. Drawing 4.6 Detail section showing flat roof detail. Drawing 4.7 detail of composite reinforced concrete deck slab Drawing 4.8 Section showing flat roof detail. Drawing 4.9 section showing split gable roof Drawing 4.10 section showing gable roof Drawing 4.11 section showing split gable roof and gable roof Drawing 4.12 section showing framed timber slatted component Drawing 5.0 Site drawing showing fire fighting access and location of fire hydrant. Source : Author Drawing 5.1 First floor plan showing travel distance and fire escape staircase. Source : Author Drawing 5.2 First floor plan showing travel distance and fire escape staircase. Source : Author Drawing 5.3 ground floor plan of active fire fighting equipment. Source : Author Drawing 5.4 first floor plan of active fire fighting equipment. Source : Author Drawing 5.5 second floor plan of active fire fighting equipment. Source : Author Drawing 5.6 basement floor plan of sprinkler system. Source : Author Drawing 5.7 site plan showing storm water management. Source : Author Drawing 5.9 split gable roof detail Drawing 5.10 full height louvers Drawing 5.11 shuttered glass louvers opening Drawing 5.12 plan of lift shaft at lobby 2. Drawing 5.13 section of lift shaft at lobby 2. Drawing 5.14 plan showing manhole location.
34 42 43 44 45 45 45 46 46 46 47 47 47 48 51 53 54 56 57 58 59 60 61 61 61 63 63 66
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.0 Disable car park dimension Figure 1.1 Road kerb detail dimension Figure 1.2 International symbol of disable car park signage Figure 1.3 Characteristic of sidewalk Figure 1.4 Sidewalk dimension detail Figure 1.5 Pathway suitable width dimension Figure 1.6 Pathway and ramp detail dimension Figure 1.7 Ramp detail dimension Figure 1.8 Dimension of wheelchair interception clearance Figure 1.9 Properties of good proper staircase Figure 1.10 Staircase simple section Figure 1.11 Properties of good proper ramp Figure 1.12 Ramp section diagram Figure 1.13 Brief dimension of lift car Figure 1.14 Lift car interior floor button Figure 1.15 Brief dimension of reception counter for disable people with wheelchair Figure 1.16 Brief dimension of waiting area Figure 1.17 Brief dimension of signage location Figure 1.18 Position of windows transoms Figure 1.19 Suitable kitchen layout type A Figure 1.20 Suitable kitchen layout type B Figure 1.21 Section showing dimension of sanitary accessories for disable toilet. Figure 1.22 Disable toilet layout and dimension Figure 2.0 Penang’s governance timeline Figure 2.1 Map showing landmark surrounding site. Figure 2.2 Map showing access to site. Figure 2.3 Map of pedestrian traffic pattern Figure 2.4 Map and graph of vehicle traffic pattern Figure 2.5 The Road Analysis Diagram Figure 2.6 Map showing noise level around the site surrounding Figure 2.7 Map showing surrounding existing infrastructure Figure 2.8 Map showing location of vegetation Figure 2.9 Map showing location of others amenities and facilities Figure 2.10 Map showing shaded area in morning hours. Figure 2.11 Graph of average temperature Figure 2.12 Graph of maximum temperature Figure 2.13 Map showing shading pattern throughout the year Figure 2.14 wind rose diagram Figure 2.15 wind speed graph Figure 2.16 sky condition graph Figure 3.1 The diagram of active seniors daily routine activities. Source : Author Figure 3.2 The potential activity based on 3 aspects. Source : Author
4 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 16 17 17 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 23 23 24 24 24 27 27
Figure 3.3 The cross relation between daily routine study and potential activities Figure 3.4 The diagram of early conceptual collage Figure 3.5 The diagram of site issues found in the Gat Lebuh Macallum community. Figure 3.6 The diagram of site opportunities found within the site context. Figure 3.7 The diagram of early conceptual collage on public plaza. Source: Author Figure 3.8 The development diagram of site urban intervention. Source: Author Figure 3.9 The form manipulation diagram. Source: Author Figure 3.10 The diagram of site zoning. Source: Author Figure 3.11 The diagram of site planning. Source: Author Figure 3.12 The diagram of architecture element in precedent study. Source: Author Figure 3.13 The diagram of architecture element in precedent study. Source: Author Figure 3.14 The diagram of landscape solution strategy. Source: Author Figure 3.15 The diagram of hardscape and softscape design strategies. Source: Author Figure 3.16 The diagram sustainability design strategies. Source: Author Figure 3.17 The diagram solar panel operating system. Source: Author Figure 3.18 The diagram rainwater harvesting operating system. Source: Author Figure 3.19 The diagram of passive sustainable strategies. Source: Author Figure 4.0 Example of reinforce pad footing. Source: www.finesoftware.eu Figure 4.1 Connection between reinforced column with primary and secondary beam. Figure 4.2 Detail of steel bracing joint with column and primary beam. Figure 4.3 Vierendeel truss structure isometric view. Figure 4.4 Diagram of finish materials Figure 5.0 Fire escape Figure 5.1 Hose reel system Figure 5.2 Sprinkler system Figure 5.3 natural ventilation diagram Figure 5.4 VAV air conditioning system Figure 5.5 VAV air conditioning indoor and out door unit Figure 5.6 Electric supply system Figure 5.7 Location of riser and substation on site plan Figure 5.8 Water supply diagram Figure 5.9 Water supply schematic diagram Figure 5.10 sanitary diagram Figure 5.11 schematic sanitary diagram Figure 5.12 plan locating refuse chamber and garbage truck access Figure 6.0 early conceptual sketch in integration of spaces Figure 6.1 sketch on space relation Figure 6.2 Ground floor planning sketch Figure 6.3 First floor planning sketch Figure 6.4 Second floor planning sketch Figure 6.5 Final presentation board of 12 A1
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LIST OF IMAGES
Image 1.0 Active seniors living a healthy lifestyle. Source: American Seniors Communities Image 1.1 Example of braille signage for people with visual impairment Image 1.2 Grab bar should be provided in disable toilet. Image 2.0 Aerial view of Penang island. Source: New Straits Times Image 2.1 Street view George Town. Source: Traveltour.com Image 3.1 The Blue Mansion. Source: https://www.cheongfatttzemansion.com/ Image 3.2 The Early Penang Style Shop House Image 3.3 Seating area shaded with trees, a perfect spot for community gathering. Source: Author Image 3.4 Scene that sure to be missed by the elderly once they walkout from the clubhouse front door. Image 3.5 View from the corner that led people straight towards the entrance. Source: Author Image 3.6 View from the highway toward the courtyard of the clubhouse. Source: Author Image 3.7 No better place to sit with friend and family, playing chess in an outdoor setting while enjoying the serene breeze and the sound of water fountain. Source: Author Image 3.8 Open spaces suitable for leisure and sports activities such as busking and letting kids playing ball. Source: Author Image 4.0 Timber slatted roof system Image 5.0 Fire hydrant Image 5.1 Fire door Image 5.2 Hose reel Image 5.2 Fire extinguisher Image 5.3 Break glass Image 5.4 Alarm bell Image 5.5 Sprinkler head Image 6.0 View of hallway at 1st floor which recreating the ambience of 5foot way Image 6.1 View toward courdyard from hallway 2nd floor Image 6.2 Wellness Centre : Yoga Area Image 6.3 View toward main padestrian entrance from public plaza. Image 6.4 View from the expressway Image 6.5 View from Gat Lebuh Macallum Image 6.6 View from Sri Saujana Apartment Image 6.7 View from the corner
3 10 12 13 14 36 36 37 37 37 37 37 37 48 50 52 55 55 55 55 59 70 70 70 70 71 71 71 71
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1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 DESIGN BRIEF
A CLUB FOR THE ONCE YOUNG AND THE YOUNG ONES …A place to meet new friends for lasting memories…
The massive baby boomer population is aging into retirement. Many developers are developing places for active seniors who are able to get around on their own just fine and some might even still be working. Researches into the existing elderly community establishments which segregate the elderly from the younger generation has not shown a good turnaround because the segregation has made a larger generation gap than what is existing and somehow make the senior citizens get older faster. "When you place older adults in younger settings, they age slower, but put them all together, they all age faster," "It's not healthy to separate yourself." Carle said. At a mature age, the citizens would like to:
a.
Impart knowledge and experience that they have gained through their lifetime to younger generation,
b.
Learn new things they have not has the time do before,
c.
Be part of the development and not left behind
d.
Be able to generate income in a much less stress job
e.
Be part of the development surrounding them
f.
Take care of their health better: eat better and exercise better
g.
Be able to nurture love through environmental activities
h.
Be able to achieve their goals in short terms
i.
Have a community clubhouse for seniors as well as for community spaces of all ages.
Image 1.0 Active seniors living a healthy lifestyle. Source: American Seniors Communities In fact senior citizens are advised to stay healthy by eating the right food and do activities of mild to medium sports suitable with their ability and visit their physician regularly. Having the best times of their lives they want to challenge themselves on activities to improve their abilities and remain relevant. Though this clubhouse is for multi-generation but geared towards ’active adults’, the toll of aging must be taken into account. It should be designed in such a way to give impact of the constructed environment on the occupants’ ability and serve them efficiently and effectively (user-friendly). Designers have to be cautious with their design especially in the levels created for ease of moving around –size of openings, materials selection for finishes to promote resistance to falling on the floor, good acoustics, colour, texture and tone selected express richness and warmth and is sensitive to the occupants aging ability. The centre is for active adults, not a retirement community or nursing homes. It is the school’s aspirations that in time, the senior centre’s designed outcome from this studio may be looked to as innovators and leaders in the design of spaces custom-tailored to the needs and preferences of active older adults. The core values that make senior centers “senior centers” is the desire to support independence and social engagement (and thus the quality of life) of older adults, through a broad mix of programs, services and amenities.
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1.2 OBJECTIVES OF DESIGN
1.3 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
The purpose of this project is to design a clubhouse for senior citizens in George Town, Penang, to serve the seniors community in Macallum area. The objective of this report is to assist students with comprehensive technical knowledge. The Design Studio looks at site conditioning, precedent studies and design process whilst the Building Analysis subject provides students with technical knowledge pertaining to structural design as well as building services.
Students are required to work in individual in developing an architectural schematic design for A Club For A Young Ones And The Once Young in George Town, Penang. All design perimeters is to adhere to the statutory requirements by the relevant local authority which is Majlis Bandaraya Pulau Pinang (MBPP) and others related rules and guidelines. The brief for the project are as follows:
Listed below are the objective and learning outcome expected from this project:
1.
Apply urban design principles into a design project.
2.
Analyze project site information collectively.
3.
Appraise the architectural programme, which provides information on the building users, function, spatial and physical requirements.
4.
Analyse information gained from the precedent studies.
5.
Determine design strategies using information gained from urban study, site analysis, architectural programme and precedent studies.
6.
Generate concept and sketch design.
7.
Integrate building technical consideration, technology and building regulatory requirements.
8.
Integrate knowledge on tropical sustainable design principles into the design project.
9.
Prepare report on the technical building design and requirements.
Table 1.0 Project requirements Project Title
A Club For A Young Ones And The Once Young
Location
George Town, Penang.
Size of Land
5944.77 metre²
No. of Storey
Max. of 5 storey (including max. 2 levels basement)
Building Size
Total approximate building net area of the 2500metre²
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1.4 PROGRAM / SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Table 1.1 Space requirements
Space Requirements
Capacity/Size
Space Requirements
Capacity/Size
Administration Office
Drop Off Reception / Foyer
1 x Officer room
Information Centre / Open Library / Small Gallery / Reading Area
1 x Secretarial Space
2 x Computer Class
20 terminals each class
4 x Multi-purpose Seminar Room
40 pax each room
2 type of Workshop
4 x Cubicles for officers and clerk with space for equipments 1x Meeting Room
50 pax
Discussion area
8 – 10 pax
Rest Area cum pantry Multi-purpose Hall
200 pax
Elderly Daycare Centre
15 inactive elderly
Public Toilet Surau
30 pax
Café and related facilities
50 pax
Indoor Recreation Spaces Wellness Centre Swimming Pool And related facilities Outdoor Recreation Spaces
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1.5 UNIVERSAL DESIGN What is” Universal Design”? The design and composition of an environment so that it can be ‘accessed, understood and used’ to the greatest extent possible by all people, ‘regardless of their age, size, ability or disability’. Source : Building for Everyone: A Universal Design Approach, CEUD (Ireland) Human abilities vary from person to person and with age. (a) Physical abilities (b) Sensory abilities (c) Mental abilities
(d) Age and size
Figure 1.1 Road kerb detail dimension
External Environment - Parking
Road curb’s depression width should not be less than 1000 millimetre. Curb transition should be located at the most left or right within the accessible parking lot. The curb transition should not be located at the middle of the parking lot to avoid any difficulty in accessing the curb cut.
Figure 1.0 Disable car park dimension There must be sufficient parking spaces for both standard and disable access parking. Consideration for parents with children, people with difficulties and disabilities, loading and unloading goods. In specialised facilities such as health care facility, shopping areas and recreational facility, a greater number of designated accessible parking space should be considered.
Figure 1.2 International symbol of disable car park signage Disable car park should be mark with proper signage which can be seen easily by any driver.
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External Environment – Pedestrian Sidewalk A sidewalk or pavement also known as a footpath or footway, is a path along the side of a road. A sidewalk may accommodate moderate changes in grade (height) and is normally separated from the vehicular section by a curb. There may also be a median strip or road verge (a strip of vegetation, grass or bushes or trees or a combination of these) either between the sidewalk and the roadway or between the sidewalk and the boundary. Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk
Figure 1.3 Characteristic of sidewalk
A.
2000 mm minimum to allow wheelchairs to pass each other.
Figure 1.5 Pathway suitable width dimension two
An unobstructed width of a pathway should be: 1. Not less than 1800mm for constant two way traffic.
B.
Width reduced to 1200mm minimum for not more than 2m in length around existing obstruction.
2. Not less than 1500mm for frequent two way traffic. 3. Not less than 1200mm for infrequent two way traffic.
C.
Gradient should either be level along its length or should be gently sloping or incorporate ramp in accordance with building standards.
D.
Crossfall gradient not more than 1:50.
E.
Drainage gratings offset from access route where possible.
4. Not less than 900mm when it is unlikely that people will have to pass one another, hence, turning space should be at least 1500mm at 25m minimum interval distance.
Figure 1.4 Sidewalk dimension detail 5
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HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION The minimum unobstructed width of corridors should be 1200mm, with a preference for a width of 1800mm. If the corridor has less than 1800mm wide, a corridor should be designed with passing area which 1800mm wide and 1800mm length at reasonable interval. These dimension is excluding handrail or any extrusion from wall such as fire extinguisher and signage board. For any changes of direction of more than 45 degree at the landing should be at least 1500mm x 1500mm clearance.
Figure 1.7 Ramp detail dimension
Figure 1.6 Pathway and ramp detail dimension
Figure 1.8 Dimension of wheelchair interception clearance
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VERTICAL CIRCULATION Staircase
Ramp
Figure 1.11 Properties of good proper ramp
Figure 1.9 Properties of good proper staircase
Figure 1.10 Staircase simple section
The best ramp running ratio for pedestrian and disable person with wheelchair is 1:15 while the minimum is 1:12. A landing must be include at each 6000mm ramp running distance with the width of at least 1200mm as shown in Figure 1.9
Figure 1.12 Ramp section diagram
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Lift / Elevator
Figure 1.14 Lift car interior floor button
Figure 1.13 Brief dimension of lift car
The minimum interior dimensions of a suitable lift car for a disable person with wheelchair with another able body person is 1100mm x 1400mm with a mirror placed at the opposite side of the lift door. Minimum unobstructed clearance for the entrance is 900mm width. The lift car’s door should be automatic powered door and the colour scheme of the entrance should be contrast with the surrounding finishes. Source: Building for Everyone: A Universal Design Approach, Malaysian Standard MS 1184 : 2002 & MS 1184:2014
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RECEPTION
WAITING AREA
Counters and service desks, including reception desks and information counters, should be accessible and understandable to everybody. This includes all visitors or customers in a building, as well as personnel who work on the staff side of the counter.
Seating areas should incorporate spaces for people who use wheelchairs and electric scooters so that they can remain in their wheelchair or scooter and sit alongside companions. Such spaces are also useful for people with prams and pushchairs. Spaces should be available to enable two people using wheelchairs or electric scooters and personal assistant to sit alongside each other. Rows of seats should be positioned with a clear space of 1200mm between the leading edge of one seat and the rear of the seat in front. A clear aisle width of at least 1200mm should also be provided to the front and rear of the block of seats
The upper work surface should be between 950mm and 1100mm above floor level. Where there is sufficient space, one work surface positioned at 950mm and another positioned at 1100mm above floor level could be provided to suit people of different heights. The lower work surface should be a maximum of 760mm above floor level and have a clearance to the underside of 700mm. The lower section of counter should have a width of 1800mm (minimum 1500mm) to enable two people to sit alongside each other.
Figure 1.15 Brief dimension of reception counter for disable people with wheelchair
Figure 1.16 Brief dimension of waiting area 9
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
SIGNAGE
WINDOW
Signage and information should be provided to enable people to clearly understand the layout and function of a space or environment and to find their way around independently. Clear signage is particularly crucial for people who may have difficulty communicating and for people who prefer not to have to ask for directions. Signs incorporating pictorial symbols are beneficial for people who have learning disabilities, people who have difficulties reading text, and for people who are not familiar with the English language a floor plan or map should be displayed to enable people to orientate themselves. The use of tactile maps and models provides valuable orientation and wayfinding information for people with a visual difficulty.
Windows are essential in buildings to provide natural lighting and ventilation. The location, size, and number of windows in a room or building will depend on a number of factors, including the requirement for natural light and ventilation, thermal performance, security, safety, and privacy balanced against the need to avoid glare and overheating from direct sunlight. To enable people who are seated to enjoy an unobstructed view, the zone of a window between 900mm and 1200mm above floor level should be free of transoms. For windows which designed to be opened manually, the approach and controls should be accessible. Handles and locks should be positioned between 800mm and 1000mm above floor level. All window handles should be operable with a single hand, preferably with a lever action, and should not require precise hand control.
Image 1.1 Example of braille signage for people with visual impairment
Figure 1.17 Brief dimension of signage location
Figure 1.18 Position of windows transoms
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KITCHEN Kitchens should incorporate work surfaces and appliances at different levels to cater for people who work at different heights. Lower Work surfaces should also incorporate a clear knee space underneath to enable people to sit whilst using appliances or preparing food. Work surfaces at two different heights should be provided within a kitchen or refreshment area to cater for a wide range of people. The layout of all kitchens and refreshment facilities should be designed to minimize travel distance and avoid the need to carry items across a room. L-shaped and U-shaped arrangements are generally the most efficient and compact. They also provide a continuous work surface, which is useful to people who need to slide rather than carry items from one work area to the next.
Legends: A. Countertop. B. Sink bowl max 150mm deep and insulated on underside. C. Oven with side-hinged door. D. Refrigerator.
Legends: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I.
Figure 1.19 Suitable kitchen layout type A
Sink bowl max 150mm deep and insulated on underside Hob C. Refrigerator raised on 200mm plinth Freezer raised on 200mm plinth Oven with side-hinged door F. Microwave Movable storage unit Wall-mounted units Heat resistant work surface
Figure 1.20 Suitable kitchen layout type B 11
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
TOILET The provision of an accessible toilet cubicle within a single-sex toilet enables an independent wheelchair user; a wheelchair user with a carer of the same sex; people who require integral hand-washing facilities; and other people who require additional space or support to use the main washroom and provides a greater choice of facilities.
Image 1.2 Grab bar should be provided in disable toilet.
Figure 1.21 Section showing dimension of sanitary accessories for disable toilet.
Figure 1.22 Disable toilet layout and dimension 12
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
2.0 URBAN ANALYSIS 2.1 HISTORY OF PENANG AND GEORGETOWN After an agreement between Light and the Sultan was ratified, Light and his entourage sailed on to Penang Island, where they arrived on 17 July 1786. Light took formal possession of the island on 11 August "in the name of His Britannic Majesty, King George III and the Honorable East India Company".
History of Penang
Penang Island was renamed the Prince of Wales Island after the heir to the British throne, while the new settlement of George Town was established in honor of King George III. Before the British colonization era, Penang was formerly known as Pulau Ka Satu. A sea rover by the name of Ragam named it Pulau Ka Satu a single island as it was the only large isolated land he came across on his trading trips between Lingga and Kedah. The name was retained until the coming of the British in 1786. When the areca palm was cultivated on the island after the arrival of British, the name of island was later changed in Pulau Pinang which comes from the modern Malay name that means The Island of the Areca Nut Palm.
Image 2.0 Aerial view of Penang island. Source: New Straits Times The modern history of Penang began in the late 18th century. In the 1770s, Francis Light was instructed by the British East India Company to form trade relations in the Malay Peninsula. Light subsequently landed in Kedah, which was by then a Siamese vassal state. Aware that the Sultanate was under external and internal threats, he promised British military protection to the then Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Muhammad Jiwa Zainal Adilin II, in return, the Sultan offered Penang Island to the British. It was only in 1786 when the British East India Company finally ordered Light to obtain the island from Kedah. Light negotiated with the new Sultan of Kedah, Sultan Abdullah Mukarram Shah, regarding the cession of the island to the British East India Company in exchange for British military aid.
The State of Penang is also referred to as the Pearl of the Orient and Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara. Sometimes before the island became known as Pulau Pinang, the native of Seberang Perai knew Penang as Tanjong Penaga which as delivered from lives of the name which grew on the spot when the Fort Cornwallis was built. The name or it shorten form, Tanjong was believed to be in used in all land grants issued by the government until 1800. In fact, the name of Tanjong was compatible until now with the people of Penang and Province Wellesley when referring to the Georgetown City.
Figure 2.0 Penang’s governance timeline 13
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The Capital : George Town
Image 2.1 Street view George Town. Source: Traveltour.com George Town, the capital of the island Penang, is named after the British King George III. The Historic City of George Town is located in the State of Penang, 325 kilometers north of Kuala Lumpur. The State of Penang comprises of Penang Island and its mainland component of Seberang Perai (formerly known as Province Wellesley); and is situated off the coast of northern Peninsular Malaysia. After Penang was handed over by the sultan of Kedah to the English, Sir Francis Light founded the city Georgetown. He immediately started the construction of Fort Cornwallis. Over the years this first settlement evolved into a big city (in that time). In 1957 George Town got permission to be called a city and until 1972 it was the only city in Malaysia with this permission. As the capital of Penang, George Town has one of the largest collections of 19th and early 20th century building among south East Asia countries. Many proclaim George Town Penang as a living historical city with inner city communities, mysterious place of worship, guilds, day and night markets, bazaar, traditional trades and retail shops. The town a magical wanders of Penang and is a lively city by itself.
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2.2 HISTORY URBAN SITE Macallum Street Macallum Street is named after the engineer of Straits Settlements during 1884-1889, Colonel Sir Henry Edward McCallum. It is a one way street running from west to east and is the 5th street in the Seven Street Precinct of George Town. Macallum Street ends at the intersection of Bridge Street where an extension of Macallum Street Ghaut continues eastward. The street used to end in mangrove area that was cleared in 1970s for neighbourhood Macallum Street Ghaut.
Development of Macallum 1880 - Present - sea in front of bridge street was reclaimed and the shoreline was extended outward. - the mangrove area was cleared. - bridge street was renamed as jalan c.y. choy in memory of the last mayor of George Town. - Cecil street Ghaut and Macallum Street Ghaut was extended to
build a neighborhood to accommodate increasing population. facilities such as kindergarten, schools and temple were built. - the area was densely populated, especially by working-class residents. 1786 - 1880 - Lebuh macallum ended with bridge street. - during that time, bridge street was considered as the outskirt of the town. - working class chinese community developed their settlement along bridge street. During 19th century, the area was covered by attap roof houses. - the chinese settlements were alligned on nine parallel roads off bridge streets with their own vegetable plots and scattered all around. - bridge street faces the sea, shielded by clumps of mangrove trees and mud flats.
Macallum Street Ghout It is a street as well as a neighbourhood. Created in the 1980s as an extension of Macallum Street when land reclamation extended the shoreline outward. The neighbourhood was developed in stages from low to medium cost apartments. Among the earliest was PDC flat which ranges from blocks 340 to 354 located between Macallum Street Ghaut and Cecil Street Ghaut. Most recent development is high rise apartment complex Pelangi Apartment and Sri Saujana Apartment. The PDC low cost flats were built on reclaimed land of Macallum Street Ghaut. It consists of low, medium and high rise blocks that stand immediately behind one another. 15
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
2.3 LEGIBILITY Landmark Surrounding Site
Figure 2.1 Map showing landmark surrounding site. 16
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
2.4 TRAFFIC STUDY AND POSSIBLE ACCESS Alternative Access to Site
Vehicle Traffic
Figure 2.2 Map showing access to site.
Sunday Morning – Noon [1000 – 1015] [1200 – 1215]
Pedestrian Traffic
Morning – Noon [0915 – 0920] [1200 – 1215] Figure 2.3 Map of pedestrian traffic pattern
Sunday Night [1800 – 2000]
Night [1800 – 2200]
Figure 2.4 Map and graph of vehicle traffic pattern 17
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
•
The 6 lanes road give difficulties to the elderly crossing. Suggestion - Propose a pedestrian bridge
•
Inexistence of proper pedestrian walkway along Gat Lebuh Nordin Suggestion - Propose a proper pedestrian walkway
Figure 2.5 The Road Analysis Diagram •
6 lane road should have proper zebra crossing with traffic light • High traffic intensity Suggestion Cannot be considered as ingress or egress Propose a proper zebra crossing to with traffic light for better safety
•
Inexistence of zebra crossing kind of breaking the flow of pedestrian walkway • Moderate traffic intensity Suggestion Can be considered as ingress or egress Propose a proper zebra crossing to improve the continuity of pedestrian walkway
•
Numbers of illegal parking along the Gat Lebuh Nordin Suggestion Site need its on parking area Egress and ingress can be along this road since it is calm and not heavy on traffic 18
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
2.5 NOISE AND POLLUTION Noise Level The source of noise surrounding the site is contributed by the motorised vehicular. Point A, which is the junction for Lebuhraya Tun Dr. Lim Chong Euand Gat Lebuh Macallumh as the highest noise level peaked at 92dB. The most pleasant and quite spot in at point D where the average noise reading is at 67dB. The noise level will rise for very short moment as vehicle enter or exit the apartment next to the site which is Sri Saujana Apartment.
Table 2.0 The noise level according to point marked on map
Point
A
B
C
D
E
Average
81
79
70
67
81
Maximum
92
87
84
81
85
Noise Level(dB)
Figure 2.6 Map showing noise level around the site surrounding 19
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
2.6 EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES
Drainage surrounding the site flows to JPS retention pond.
Fire located atat font font of Fire hydrant hydrant located of the the neighbouring shoplot neighbouring shoplot
Water meter found in each apartment block
Sewerage flows to Jelutong sewerage treatment plant
TNB sub station
Electrical post at the back lane of the shophouse
Figure 2.7 Map showing surrounding existing infrastructure 20
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
2.7 VEGETATION
H 7m – 7.5m Dia. 480mm
H 5.25m Dia. 370mm
Describtion: Phobie species are evergreen trees with pinnately leaves used as roadside decoration.
Describtion: Wood can be used to make furniture and instrument. Can be found in the asean countries.
H 3m Dia. 250mm
Describtion: Flowers are astringer and used Taiwan to treat fever and diarhea
H 3m Dia. 230mm
Describtion: Seed from the fruit is edible when fully ripe. Taste like almond
Figure 2.8 Map showing location of vegetation 21
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
2.8 OTHER FACILITIES AND AMENITIES NEARBY Others Amenities within Shophouse
Bakery
Temple
Multi purpose Hall
Cecil market
SJKC Li Tek A
Spa
Appliance shop
Grocery Store
Saloon
Clinic
Restaurant
Figure 2.9 Map showing location of others amenities and facilities 22
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
2.9 MICRO CLIMATE AND DETAIL OF SITE Sun & The Site The shading area shows the intensity of the shadow casted on the site during the morning session. The side is fully shaded during morning hours. However, in the late afternoon, the side is fully exposed to sun which giving opportunity to harvest solar energy using solar panel. Figure 2.10 Map showing shaded area in morning hours.
Average Temperature Average temperature in daytime : 26°C - 28°C Maximum temperature in daytime: 33°C Average temperature in night time: 20°C Minimum temperature in night time: 17°C Figure 2.11 Graph of average temperature
Maximum Temperature Hottest month: February & March Coldest month: December Penang has fairly constant temperature value throughout the year.
Figure 2.12 Graph of maximum temperature Figure 2.13 Map showing shading pattern throughout the year
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
Wind Rose Diagram Based on wind rose diagram, wind at the site came from west toward east. Wind from north – east mostly blocked by existing apartment.
Figure 2.14 wind rose diagram
Wind Speed Based on the data, average win speed is 12km/h. 70% of days per month has average of 8-12 km/h wind speed.
Figure 2.15 wind speed graph
Sky Condition Major sky condition in Penang is covered by cloud with partly overcast throughout the year.
Figure 2.16 sky condition graph
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
2.10 S.W.O.T. ANALYSIS Strength
Opportunity
1. The site has a potential of becoming a focal point for the surrounding urban context as a new LRT station will be built around this area. 2. Presence of a small stream inside the site boundary allows for interesting feature of landscape to be introduced in the elderly clubhouse. 3. A row of street plantation is found along Lebuhraya Dr Lim Chong Eu which creates a filter for the noises produced by vehicles. 4. The site is surrounded by three 24-storey apartments, where the occupants of the apartment will be the main community inside the proposed clubhouse. 5. The proposed site is visible from Lebuhraya Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu and at the end of the Sri Saujana Apartments. 6. The proposed site is seemingly flat which is easier to design because of lack of restriction from topography. 7. The site also has a very large foot print for built-up. 8. The surroundings of the site is an established neighbourhood where there are complete amenities available to cater for the needs of the occupants of the housing and for the proposed clubhouse. 9. The proposed site is surrounded with roads and good infrastructure. 10. The shading of the site is predictable as it is about 90% shade before 11am. Noon and onwards, the site is fully unshaded. 11. The temperature of the site is said to be constant throughout the year. Only 1 season climate have to take into consider for Building design especially building envelope. 12. The wind speed & direction are predictable and constant throughout the year.
1. The site is located less than 1km from a surrounding water body which allows activities inside this centre to relate to water elements. 2. The area of the proposed site is suitable to be part of an extension the buffer zone. 3. Visual connectivity between surrounding apartments and the site is possible. 4. The proposed site is a green and empty site where no further demolition or clearing is needed. 5. The stream inside the site could possibly be transformed into a recreation area for the centre. 6. The quality of the soil in the site is good due to previous plantation of rice. 7. Since the nearest elderly center is 2.5km away from the site, this location has potential of becoming a new node where an elderly club house could be established. 8. The site is situated alongside a busy highway, which can expose the proposed centre to the public and attract more visitors. 9. The site is easily accessible by public transport such as taxis and public buses. 10. Businesses around the site can be improved. 11. Outdoor activities are highly suited in this site during morning section. 12. Use of Solar cell and solar heater are highly recommended as the site is fully exposed during noon and onwards. 13. Evaporative cooling could be implemented with proper control of humidity level. 14. Predictable wind direction hints the opening location during design. 15. Setting back of site could be used for landscape to enhance existing canopy thickness for filtration. 16. Green roof and roof garden are good proposal for roof insulation.
Weakness
Threat
1. The site is situated beside Lebuhraya Dr Lim Chong Eu which results in air pollution and loud noises, which can potentially cause discomfort to the users inside this centre. 2. It’s not easy to access to the site from Lebuhraya Dr Lim Chong Eu as crossing the highway is very dangerous especially for the elderly. 3. No trees or tall vegetation are present within the site which will totally exposed the site towards sunlight, relying only on the neighbouring apartments for shading. 4. A monsoon drain is found along Gat Lebuh Macallum which can produce an unpleasant odour. 5. An ingress or egress is difficult to place along the Lebuhraya Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu as it is a busy 3-lane highway. 6. There are difficulties for vehicular access to the site from Gat Lebuh Macallum because the site is just within a short distance of the turning corner from the highway. 7. Also, Gat Lebuh Noordin is a narrow and congested road with usual illegal parking that causes difficulties for ingress and egress. 8. The site is poorly lit, especially within the site and along Gat Lebuh Noordin. 9. Unshaded site during 12pm and onwards could be uncomfortable and hot for outdoor activities. 10. The canopy of trees along Lebuhraya Dr Lim Chong Eu and Gat Lebuh Macallum are less effective to filter the pollutions from the road due to it thickness. 11. Noise level from Lebuhraya Dr Lim Chong Eu could be annoying especially during the peak hour.
1. Less than 1km from a water body (Selat Melaka) which can lead floods. 2. Air and sound pollution from Lebuhraya Dr Lim Chong Eu may lead to an unhealthy atmosphere, especially for elderly. 3. The future proposal for an LRT station to be built nearby may cause discomfort the community and affect the project planning. 4. The car park for Sri Saujana Apartment is raised, which proves that the site is prone to flooding. 5. Because the site is situated between two busy roads, safety can be an issue, especially for the elderly. 6. The loud traffic noises can cause discomfort in doing outside activities. 7. The lack of proper pedestrian bridges and zebra crossings on the roads surrounding the site can be an inconvenience and a danger to the elderly visiting the centre. 8. Fully unshaded site will contribute huge amount to cooling load if without proper shading device, orientation and ventilation system.
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
2.11 LOCAL AUTHORITY GUIDELINES Building Set Back
Car Park Requirement
Table 2.0 Building setback requirement by MBPP Height of Building
4 Floors 5 Floors 6 Floors 7 Floors 8 Floors 9 Floors 10 Floors More than 10 Floors
Minimal distance (measured from the boundary of the lot to the farthest projection of the building) 10ft 15ft 20ft 25ft 30ft 35ft 40ft 45ft
Penalty Trade development and limited trade development, minimum car parking must be provided in accordance with the applicable Building By-Laws. Requirements for the full provision of physical parking spaces and considerations for monetary contribution will be considered by the Council as follow:a) For the first 20 parking spaces, the provision of physical parking spaces is not necessarily asserted and the money donations may be considered. b) For the next 40 parking spaces, full physical parking spaces is usually required. Donation money to replace part of all of the physical parking spaces may be considered badly in every case depending on their position and traffic consideration. c) For the rest of the parking spaces, the fill physical parking area must be provided and the monetary contribution will not be considered.
Table 2.2 Car park requirement by MBPP
Plot Ratio Plot Ratio = Net Floor Area Gross Floor Area
Categories
Institution
Net Floor Area: The total floor area of a building measured between the outer wall (including wall thickness) including area against or covered with 8 feet and above but does not include parking place, machine room, vaults and substation. Gross Floor Area: The actual area measured or the area of a designated site, including land that will be set aside for road and back lanes.
Club/Recreation Area
Remarks
Results
1.5 car park part or part of it for each
Minimum 2 car park are required. 1 motorcycle parking is required for every car parking
3 car parks :100 sqm 3 car parks : 1 court 1 car park : 8 seats *1 motorcycle parking is required for every car parking
For open swimming pool, car parks requirements is depending on the surface area of the swimming pool. Car park requirements are counted by following the maximum arrangement/served courts.
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
3.0 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTIONS THE INTERHOME is a clubhouse that offers variety of spaces to the Gat Lebuh Macallum community especially the club members. By focusing on active senior group of people, the clubhouse design with program that focus on 3 main aspect which is senior citizen’s ability, better communication and better use of their time. These 3 aspects are programed with determination to improve their physical and mental health, and also improving their involvement and engagement in their community. Activity and spaces in THE INTERHOME are designed to not being too focuses on one particular activity to prevent this clubhouse from being a centre for certain activity rather than clubhouse that flexible in having activity so that the members would not feel bored doing the same activity through out their experience being the member of THE INTERHOME.
Figure 3.2 The potential activity based on 3 aspects. Source : Author
Having said that, the activity are programed based on the study of daily routine of active senior, then the routine are cross related with the potential activity that will serve the 3 aspects that has been mention before. The activity also design to be varies to improve the integration between indoor and outdoor, human and nature and also integration between once young and the young one by verbal and sound interaction, physical interaction and also view interaction.
Figure 3.3 The cross relation between daily routine study and potential activities. Source : Author
Figure 3.1 The diagram of active seniors daily routine activities. Source : Author
Figure 3.3 summarize the range of activity programed for THE INTERHOME through out a day. The program are flexible to be organized as the members wish with the spaces provided as the platform. With this, the community would not feel bored by doing the same activity in the clubhouse they participate in.
Figure 3.1 show the diagram of finding from study of the active senior’s daily routine. The study are looking on active seniors generally, not focusing on active senior with certain skill set or background. Later, the diagram are cross related with the potential activity that can be programed in THE INTERHOME based on the 3 aspects which is ability, better communication and better use of time as shown in Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3.
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
3.2 DESIGN IDEAS & INTENTIONS THE INTERHOME is a platform for Macallum community to socialize and interact with each other by participating in various activities indoor or outdoor which will improve the community way of living. Being located at the corner of Dr. Lim Chong Eu Highway and Gat Lebuh Macallum giving opportunities to the site to attract people from the corner. The site surrounded by 5 residential area within 500 metre radius which is Sri Saujana, PDC flat medium and low rise, Pangsapuri Pelangi, Taman Harbor View and old shophouses area which create an opportunity to gather peoples from different background that which also will create a diverse interaction and integration that will allow cross learning, knowledge sharing and diverse communication among the community. The proposed site located 500m from the sea giving an advantage of steady and strong prevailing wind from the west of the site. THE INTERHOME are meant to take full advantage of the breeze which dictate the early design such as orientation, opening and levels of the building. Since being at the edge of the world heritage zone, THE INTERHOME adapting an early Penang shophouse typology in order to continue the urban fabric of shophouse by implementing several shophouse element into scale and proportion, faรงade design, material, and also structure design creating the tectonic of architecture by using the structure as the astatic feature and also functioning as sustainable element such as the wind wall at the 2nd floor. Moreover, by implementing the element of shophouse, THE INTERHOME will able to kept the memory of good old days when the small space of the shophouse can gather families to do their daily work at the shop together and having a very warm family activity with all the family member such as gardening in their small courtyard of having dinner together. The shophouse able to bring peoples together while having a memorable experience despite its small square footage.
THE INTERHOME ENHANCING INTERACTION THROUNGH INTEGRATION
THE INTERHOME are hope to be able to serve the community especially the club member, by providing them a space as platform to not only join activity but also organize their own activity as well as letting them improve their way of living and learn new thing with the other people with different background and skills set while giving them the sense of belonging by the design that closed and anchor to the origin of the George Town that will make them feel like home since most of them has been trapped in the concrete block for the most of their old age.
Figure 3.4 The diagram of early conceptual collage 28
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
3.3 DESIGN CONCEPT Site Issue Based on the site study, there is several issues found in the Gat Lebuh Macallum community area as shown in Figure 3.4. Community in Gat Lebuh Macallum facing the problem of insufficient open public green recreational area nearby their living area such as public plaza or recreational park which has cause them unable to perform their recreational activity outdoor with the rest of the community in a large group especially community member within elderly age group. Secondly, residential area in Gat Lebuh Macallum are consisting series of concrete block without a functional linkage that connect one residential area to another. This problem leaving the community constrain within their block community only without proper engagement with other residential area within Gat Lebuh Macallum area.
Last but not least, lacking of functional communal space nearby their residential area making the elderly prefer to stay in their home without interest going out socializing with other because they already set their mind that there is no proper, functional and comfortable area for them outside than their home. This issue eventually causing the decreasing of interaction among the community member especially the elderly. The interaction between community from different residential area within Gat Lebuh Macallum area especially between elderly are very crucial since the elderly is the group of people that has a lot of experience and they are the people that protect and hold on to heritage and culture. The integration between the elderly with younger generation plays the same important role because with the integration only the knowledge, history and culture from the elderly can be pass to the younger generation. Having said that, the elderly also will benefits a lot from the younger generation by learning new thing and knowledge by and keeping up with the movement of the modern world.
Figure 3.5 The diagram of site issues found in the Gat Lebuh Macallum community. Source : Author
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
Site Opportunities The site given has its own strength and opportunity that can be take into consideration while designing the clubhouse. The fact that site are surrounded by 5 residential area within 500 metre radius is a huge advantage to accomplish THE INTERHOME since it will create an opportunity to gather peoples from different background which brings in their different knowledge, culture, experience and skill set that also will create a diverse interaction and integration eventually will allow cross learning, knowledge sharing and diverse communication among the Macallum community. Surrounded by different type of residential area give the huge opportunity to have a community that came from different background and personality. These 5 residential area is Sri Saujana Apartment which located just 50 metre on the east of the side, PDC Flat which located 100 metre from the site across the Gat Lebuh Macallum, Pangsapuri Pelangi located 400 metre towards the south east of the site, Taman Harbour View at 480 metre towards north east of the site and alst but not least the local traditional shophouses area at 200 metre north from the site. There is diverse type of residential from low cost residential such as PDC Flat to medium-high cost residential such as Taman Harbor View and also mixture of modern residential such as Sri Saujana Apartment and traditional residential which is traditional shophouses. The variety and mixture can be bring a good impact on enhancing the interaction through integration among the community especially senior citizen in the area.
Figure 3.6 The diagram of site opportunities found within the site context. Source : Author
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
3.4 DESIGN STRATERGIES Urban Intervention: Public Open Plaza One of the intention in designing THE INTERHOME is to solve the issue inexistence of functional nearby open communal space for the community. To solve the issue, the site corner at the Gat Lebuh Macallum and Tun Dr. Lim Chong Eu Highway are surrender to become a open public plaza. That spot has been chosen based on site analysis of pedestrian traffic showing that there is two node where is the heaviest pedestrian traffic around the site as show in Figure 3.7. The two node is the potential ingress for the site. The one that closest to the corner are determined to be the pedestrian ingress as a public open plaza due to its location at the highway creating a green buffer for the site and also the fact that at that corner is the most heavy pedestrian interception coming from the five residential area around the site. The second node are designed as the vehicular ingress due to it location located more than 18 metre away from the Tun Dr. Lim Chong Eu Highway corner. The open public plaza are designed, hoping to attract more public from the community to engage the clubhouse closer. This somehow will create an interest in them as they can view what happening inside THE INTERHOME. By this integration of private indoor and public outdoor, the public will feel connected to the clubhouse and feel eager to join the club as the club members increase, the diversity inside THE INTERHOME will also increase.
Nodes are determined based on the pedestrian circulation around the site.
Nodes are identified as potential ingress for pedestrian.
.
View of the open plaza from the Tun Dr. Lim Chong Eu Highway.
Figure 3.7 The diagram of early conceptual collage on public plaza. Source: Author
Public open plaza located at the ingress to allow public access into portion of site which will create interest into public by allowing them viewing the activity happening in the club from the plaza.
Figure 3.8 The development diagram of site urban intervention. Source: Author 31
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
Form Manipulation THE INTERHOME’s building form designed from the study of pedestrian traffic around the site. The study has pin point two nodes where there is heavy pedestrian traffic. The two nodes later determined as possible ingress. The ingress axis then create two intersecting block as shown in image B and C in Figure 3.12 .
A
Next, the prevailing wind is one of the huge advantage on the site since the site located on 500 metre from the shore line of the Malacca Strait. The wind direction whish came from south of the site dictate the next block which L shaped block are meant to allow and catch as much as possible wind from the south as shown in image D and E in Figure 3.12. Lastly, the form of upper floor are pulled toward Tun Dr. Lim Chong Eu highway to allow the people from the Sri Saujana Apartment to have a direct view into the courtyard where the activity take place. The block also cantilevered out to give the same view for the people from the highway. The transparency is meant to spark curiosity in community surrounding which later will led them closer to the clubhouse and hoping the number of members will eventually increase. .
B
C
D
F
E
Two axis from the nodes marking the proposed ingress into the site.
Form of THE INTERHOME basically intended to integrate the building with the community surrounding by giving the sense of transparency to the nearby community and also by celebrating the pedestrian who walk around the site. Moreover, THE INTERHOME also integrate with the nature since the form is design with consideration of natural wind direction to maximize the natural ventilation in the spaces inside.
G
The 2nd floor pulled to the highway side to allow direct view from Sri Saujana Apartment into the courtyard and also view from the road.
Prevailing wind path dictating the orientation
Figure 3.9 The form manipulation diagram. Source: Author
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
3.5 SITE STRATERGIES Site Zoning
Site Planning
Figure 3.11 The diagram of site planning. Source: Author
Figure 3.10 The diagram of site zoning. Source: Author
The site zoning started at the ingress where the open plaza is located. The public zone started there until at the middle of the site the zones becoming the semi-public which the space inside the semi-public should have some level of control while the end of the site are meant to be fully private area including service core where this zone should be fully control and secure. The are zoned in such a way because of the fact that the boundary along Gat Lebuh Macallum are having more engagement from the pedestrian compared to other side making it’s the best area to be zoned as public. Moreover, there is also opportunity from the corner of the side that should give the sense of welcoming to the drivers who stopped at the traffic light.
.
Based on the site zoning, the site are planned in a way to maximize the integration of the site to the surrounding environment especially the community. Public open plaza placed at the corner of Tun Dr. Lim Chong Eu highway to function as crowd puller and also as part of the urban intervention to the surrounding and corner treatment to the site itself. The build up area are pulled toward the Gat Lebuh Nordin because that area is the most shaded area throughout the year and also to continue the urban fabric of shop houses from the site neighbour. The outdoor recreation are placed along the Tun Dr. Lim Chong Eu highway to provide buffer for the build-up area from the highway. The existence of small stream at that area also taken as opportunity to be develop as water features for the recreation area.
.
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
Site Plan
SITE PLAN SCALE 1:500
Drawing 3.1 The site plan. Source: Author 34
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT Room/Space
Area (m²) Ground Floor
3.6 CALCULATION FOR PLOT, PLINTH RATIO AND PARKING
Plinth Ratio
Plot Ratio
Plinth ratio for building other than residential such as office and commercial complex should not more than 60% from total site area Plinth Ratio = Gross Floor Area Site Area Plinth Ratio = 21251.94 sqf (1974.37m²) 63988 sqf (5944.77m²)
=0.33 x 100 = 33%
Plot Ratio = Net Floor Area Gross Floor Area Floor Area: The total floor area of a building measured between the outer wall (including wall thickness) including area against or covered with 8 feet and above but does not include parking place, machine room, vaults and substation. Gross Area: The actual area measured or the area of a designated site, including land that will be set aside for road and back lanes.
Car Parking Table 3.0 Car park requirement by MBPP Categories Institution
Club/Recreation Area
Remarks
Results
1.5 car park part or part of it for each
Minimum 2 car park are required. 1 motorcycle parking is required for every car parking
3 car parks :100 sqm 3 car parks : 1 court 1 car park : 8 seats *1 motorcycle parking is required for every car parking
Car park: 3car=100msq : = 2595msq 100 =25 x 3 = 75
For open swimming pool, car parks requirements is depending on the surface area of the swimming pool.
Net Floor Area = GF+FF+2F =1110.35 + 904.67 + 580.64 = 2595.66
Plot Ratio = 2595.66m² 1974.37m²
Lobby 1 with Reception
127.9
Library
34.0
Workshop indoor
51.46
Workshop outdoor
51.46
Café including facilities
239.9
Toilet
47.38
Lobby 2
28.85
Game room
60.8
Multipurpose hall
321.2
Circulation
147.4 Total: 1110.35 First Floor
Lift lobby
104.8
Swimming Pool
124.7
Toilet x 2
76.77
Reading area
53.6
Daycare centre including facilities
229.5
Wellness c. including treatment room
220.3
circulation
95
=1.3
Total: 904.67 Second Floor
Car park requirements are counted by following the maximum arrangement/served courts.
Number of parking provided: Car = 76 including 16 disable Motocycle = 60 *number of car park provided are sufficient, however number of motorcycle parking are insufficient by 15 parking. Table 3.1 Floor area calculation
Lift Lobby
96.4
Toilet
34.1
Meeting Room
56.94
Office
121.25
Surau x 2
54.8
Seminar room x 2
100.6
Lounge
26.65
Circulation
89.9 Total: 580.64 35
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI- BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
3.7 PRECEDENT STUDY THE BLUE MANSION
EARLY PENANG STYLE SHOP HOUSE Build in the period of 1790 – 1850s, the early Penang style shop house are one of the example of vernacular tropical architecture which the design is functional to its purpose and also adapting well with the climate condition.
The Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion is a government gazetted heritage building located on Leith Street in George Town, Penang, Malaysia. The mansion's external decorations and indigo-blue outer walls makes it a very distinctive building, and it is sometimes referred to as The Blue Mansion. Built by the merchant Cheong Fatt Tze at the end of the 19th century. The mansion is eclectic, but mainly reflects Chinese architectural styles of the Imperial Period. Image 3.1 The Blue Mansion. Source: https://www.cheongfatttzemansion.com/
Build with clay brick and lime mortar, the roof covered with U-shape terracotta tiles and equipped with timber solid windows and door with shuttered timber louvers.
Image 3.2 The Early Penang Style Shop House Inter-Home design with the scale and proportion studied from early Penang shop house to tied the scheme with its context and also to create the sense of "home" and belonging for the users.
Recreating the 5foot walkway with arches to let the space feel like home.
Some features from the Penang shop house typology that are implemented into this scheme such as internal courtyard, exposed structure, timber louvers and five foot walkway.
Hallway at the 2nd floor covered with timber rails and louvers as sun shading at the same time allowing view toward courtyard enhancing interaction by view and giving the sense of security. 5 foot way with arches
Exposed timber structure
Timber louvers Based on the structure element of the shop house typology, the party wall are design and transform into a kind of ‘concrete portal’ as the main structure layered at 6m span which hold timber beam as roof structure.
Hallway and 5foot walkway focusing toward the courtyard making the courtyard as the centre of interaction and the node that integrate the space surround it.
Figure 3.12 The diagram of architecture element in precedent study. Source: Author
Figure 3.13 The diagram of architecture element in precedent study. Source: Author 36
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3.8 LANDSCAPE DESIGN AND PLANNING
The greenCONNECTION is an urban intervention in a form of public open plaza that act as a solution to overcome the problem that currently happening in the residential area at Gat Lebuh Macallum. The greenCONNECTION is a part of THE INTERHOME clubhouse which will be also function as a promoting medium for the clubhouse by attracting public to come closer and witness the interesting and exiting activity conducted in the clubhouse while also serve it main purpose becoming the node that connect community from various residence area around 500 metre radius from THE INTERHOME. The strategy to make this solution work and success is to locate the plaza at the intersection point of the pedestrian circulation pattern which the landscape design will naturally attract people who is passing by. Also one of key advantage on site is the prevailing wind. The trees and the clubhouse itself are orientated to allow the wind to flow in easily in order to maximize the natural ventilation. Trees are planted in linear pattern through west east orientation to create a path for the wind to flow in to the clubhouse building. Thus, The greenCONNECTION project also designed to connect and integrate the clubhouse with the community, environment and the green nature.
Community segregated by building block without public communal green area for socializing and interaction.
By providing open public plaza at the club house, interaction between intergeneration in community can be enhance as well as promoting the clubhouse to the public.
Image 3.3 Seating area shaded with trees, a perfect spot for community gathering. Source: Author
Image 3.4 Scene that sure to be missed by the elderly once they walkout from the clubhouse front door. Source: Author
Image 3.5 View from the corner that led people straight towards the entrance. Source: Author
Image 3.6 View from the highway toward the courtyard of the clubhouse. Source: Author
Image 3.7 No better place to sit with friend and family, playing chess in an outdoor setting while enjoying the serene breeze and the sound of water fountain. Source: Author
Image 3.8 Open spaces suitable for leisure and sports activities such as busking and letting kids playing ball. Source: Author
Figure 3.14 The diagram of landscape solution strategy. Source: Author 37
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Hardscape and Softscape Selection
Figure 3.15 The diagram of hardscape and softscape design strategies. Source: Author 38
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3.9 SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES Active Strategies Keeping the width of each space minimal and having opening on both side of the wall to maximize the cross ventilation.
Solar panel placed at the area which exposed to the sun through out the year The structure also function as wind wall and vertical shading device.
Rain harvesting system collect rain water and store the water in the retention pond at the ground floor which act as part as the landscape feature. The water to be use in gardening and workshop
Figure 3.16 The diagram sustainability design strategies. Source: Author 39
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Rainwater from 2nd floor flat roof and multi purpose hall's roof are harvested to the retention pond at the GF. A pump room are located beside the pond to distribute the water for garden and workshop use.
1: Sunlight falls on high capacity solar panels during daylight hours. The solar panels convert the sun's energy into direct current(DC) which is sent to an inverter 2: The inverter convert the direct current into an alternate current (AC). 3: When the solar energy system produces more electricity than its needed during sun peaks hours, excess electricity is automatically send to the utility company which is TNB.
4: Solar energy system produce very high quality electricity that reduces the chance of power fluctuations that could damage electronic equipments.. 5: Utility power is continuously provided at night and during the day when demand exceeds solar production.
Figure 3.17 The diagram solar panel operating system. Source: Author
Figure 3.18 The diagram rainwater harvesting operating system. Source: Author 40
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Passive Strategies Integrating the space and experience with nature, passive design element plays an important role to brings the nature in. Since the building is orientated to allow and catch the wind flow into the building, the full height opening and perforated type of screen such as louvers are widely use to maximize the cross ventilation. Also, split gable roof introduced to allow the stack ventilation to happen. The levels are designed in such a way to make clearance for the wind to pass through without any physical obstruction. However, having such a lot of opening will also allowing direct sunlight to comes in with the heat. To overcome that, long overhang are used inspired by tropical vernacular architecture, also, horizontal and vertical sun shading device are located at the area identified exposed to direct sun light.
Horizontal Shading Device
Split Gable Roof Courtyard
Long Overhang
Vertical Shading Device
Unobstructed area for wind flow
Full Height Opening
Open Plan Layout
Figure 3.19 The diagram of passive sustainable strategies. Source: Author
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4.0 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND STRUCTURE 4.1 FOUNDATION SYSTEM THE INTERHOME applied 2 different type of foundation system which is:
Pad Foundation
Retaining Wall
Pad footing or also known as isolated footing are commonly used for shallow foundations in order to carry and spread concentrated loads, caused for example by columns or pillars. Isolated footings can consist either of reinforced or non-reinforced material. However, for the non-reinforced footing however, the height of the footing has to be bigger in order to provide the necessary spreading of load. As for THE INTERHOME, reinforce footing are used.
A retaining wall is a structure designed and constructed to resist the lateral pressure of soil, when there is a desired change in ground elevation that exceeds the angle of repose of the soil. A basement wall is thus one kind of retaining wall. But the term usually refers to a cantilever retaining wall, which is a freestanding structure without lateral support at its top. These are cantilevered from a footing and rise above the grade on one side to retain a higher level grade on the opposite side. The walls must resist the lateral pressures generated by loose soils or, in some cases, water pressures. In THE INTERHOME, retaining wall was applied for the basement. It is made from in-situ reinforced concrete. Thicknesses of the retaining wall are from the range of 300mm to 600mm. The perimeter of the retaining walls are required with water proofing and provided drain tile system. 200mm diameter perforated PVC drain pipe is provided around retaining walls perimeter to prevent ground water flow.
Figure 4.0 Example of reinforce pad footing. Source: www.finesoftware.eu
Scale 1:50 Scale 1:50 Drawing 4.0 section of pad foundation and retaining wall in THE INTERHOME 42
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4.2 COLUMN AND BEAM STRUCTURE In THE INTERHOME design proposal, the column and beam structure are mainly using cast in situ reinforced concrete column and beam structure system. This sought after structural system are effective to carried and transferred the dead and live load from the horizontal beam to the columns and separated into strata through the foundation system. The grid frame structure is varied according to the uses of the spaces. The shortest distance between columns to column is 4000mm and the longest span is 6000mm width. The head clearance of the basement is 2900mm and the ground floor is 5000mm head clearance while the first and second floor is 3500mm. For ground floor upwards, the size of the column is 700x250mm in rectangular reinforced concrete column and main beams size is 500mm depth x 250mm width to accommodate the load on 6000mm span of beam. However in the basement, the column size is 700mm by 700mm reinforce concrete column with 600mm depth by 300mm width reinforce concrete beam to accommodate all loads from the floor above. The reinforced concrete beams are meeting the BOMBA requirements.
Drawing 4.1 Detail section showing the beam and column.
Figure 4.1 Connection between reinforced column with primary and secondary beam. Source: Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing, m/s 94
Scale : 1:75
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4.3 VIERENDEEL TRUSS SYSTEM The vierendeel frame, or truss as it is more popularly but inappropriately called, is a series of rectangular frames which achieves stability by the rigid connection of the vertical web members to the top and bottom chord. Contrary to the typical pin-connected truss in which all members are axially loaded and shear is transferred axially through diagonals, the Vierendeel transfers shear from the chords by bending moments at the joints and finally by bending moments in the vertical webs. As a result, all members are combined stress members in which axial, shear, and bending stresses exist. THE INTERHOME are proposed to use the vierendeel truss system as main supporting structure at the 2nd floor in order to achieve one of the design intention. The system will using steel as the structural material. I beam will be using as the primary and secondary beam while rectangular hollow section (R.H.S.) is used as column. Both material are joint by bold and nut with 25mm triangular shaped steel plate as bracing welded to the joint as shown in Figure 4.2. The overall truss system are support by series of 700mm x 700mm reinforce concrete column.
Detail A
Detail A
Figure 4.2 Detail of steel bracing joint with column and primary beam.
Wind wall R.C. Column Steel structure
Figure 4.3 Vierendeel truss structure isometric view.
Drawing 4.2 Detail section showing the vierendeel truss section.
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4.4 FLOOR SYSTEM There is two type of floor system in THE INTERHOME design proposal which is in-situ reinforced concrete slab and composite reinforced concrete deck slab.
In-situ Reinforced Concrete Slab Floor slab is typically cast in-situ reinforced concrete floor slab which is supported by the reinforced concrete column and beam structure. The thickness of the floor at the ground floor and above is in between 100mm to150mm and designed in two way slabs system. This system is reinforced in 2 direction and cast integrally with supporting beams and columns on all 4 sides. It is more economical because of the resulting reduction in thickness and dead weight of the slab, it usually constructed as flat slabs and plates without beams. Basement floor slab is a compartmented floor with 300mm thickness with considered water proofing membrane.
Composite Reinforced Concrete Deck Slab Composite reinforced concrete deck slab consist of a profiled steel deck with a concrete topping. Included in the concrete is some light welded mesh reinforcement which acts to control cracking, to resist longitudinal shear and, in the case of fire, to act as tensile reinforcement. Indentations in the profiled deck allow the concrete and steel to bond and share load. Composite action between the supporting beams and the concrete is created by welding shear studs through the deck onto the top flange of the beam. In THE INTERHOME this type of floor system is used at the second floor where the vierendeel truss is due to its light weight properties and its flexibility on joining with steel structure frame. The floor system then finish with timber flooring material.
Timber board finish Concrete slab Wire mesh Shear stud Steel decking
Detail B Drawing 4.4 detail of composite reinforced concrete deck slab
Scale 1:50 Drawing 4.3 section of floor slab at basement and ground floor.
Detail B Scale 1:50 Drawing 4.5 section of composite reinforced concrete deck slab at second floor level. 45
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4.5 ROOF SYSTEM Choices of type of roof system in designing any building Is very crucial since it one of the element that protect or covered the space and it also will have a massive impact on the exterior astatic of a building. Roof design should not only reflect the design concept of idea, but also need to be suitable and functional to the type of building and the most crucial thing is the climate of a building location since roof is the fist line of defence for a user of the space towards the element from the environment and mother nature.
Detail C
There is three type of roof system mainly used in THE INTERHOME design proposal which is gable roof, split gable that covered at most of the area and flat roof at the second floor area.
Flat Roof Flat roof covered only partial of second floor area that inclusive of meeting room, office and surau. The structure is composite reinforce concrete deck which is light weight slab system compared to conventional reinforce concrete slab. The flat roof is located at the area which receive highest amount of sun exposure which make it the most suitable location to locate solar panel.
Scale 1:50
Drawing 4.6 Detail section showing flat roof detail. Cement screed Damp proof membrane Insulation Concrete slab Wire mesh Shear stud Steel decking Drawing 4.8 Section showing flat roof detail.
Detail C Drawing 4.7 detail of composite reinforced concrete deck slab
Scale 1:75 46
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Split Gable Roof
Gable Roof
Split gable roof is a roof system that is identical with gable roof in term of layers of timber structure and finish material. This type of roof covered the area such as seminar room and elderly daycare centre. Constructing with 18 degree pitch, the roof design for the proportion to be closed as possible to Penang style shophouse.
In THE INTERHOME, gamble end roof system is supported by timber structure and finish with slate roof. The inspiration of the roof is taken from Early Penang Shophouse which using timber beam as the main roof structure hold by the party wall. THE INTERHOME uses the same method with a bit of changes, the timber beam are hold by the concrete beam and topped with timber rafter and batten before finish with slate roof with insulation.
The spilt at the gable pitch create an opening that covered with fixed glass louvers. The opening allowing the natural lights to come in and reach the deeper area of the space while also increase the efficiency of natural ventilation by allowing stack ventilation.
Drawing 4.9 section showing split gable roof
This type of roof covered the spaces such as Lobby, and Drop Off area. However, there is also gable roof that use steel pratt truss structure. It is the roof which that covered the multi purpose hall at 5 degree pitch and covered with parapet wall all around.
Drawing 4.10 section showing gable roof
Drawing 4.11 section showing split gable roof and gable roof
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4.6 CEILING SYSTEM Ceiling system in THE INTERHOME is exposed ceiling and framed ceiling ceiling. Most of the spaces are exposed ceiling recreate the Early Penang shophouse atmosphere where the timber structure of the are mainly exposed. However, there is also space that using framed ceiling such as multi purpose hall. The framed ceiling are timber slatted hold by a light weight steel frame which joint directly to the trusses.
Image 4.0 Timber slatted roof system
Drawing 4.12 section showing framed timber slatted component
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4.7 FINISHES Wall and floor finishes in THE INTERHOME are also inspired from the shophouses typology. To recreate the sense of belonging and in order to make the users felt like they are in home, the finishes mainly is timber finish, concrete finish, painted white finish and tiles.
Floor finish Timber Parquet
Wall finish White Paint
Wall finish Bare Concrete
Floor finish Cement Screed
Floor finish Timber Deck
Floor finish Timber Parquet
Floor finish Timber Board
Wall finish White Paint
Floor finish Cement Screed
Figure 4.4 Diagram of finish materials 49
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5.0 BUILDING SERVICES 5.1 FIRE SAFETY Passive Fire Fighting Strategies THE INTERHOME applied passive fire fighting strategies based BOMBA guidelines according to building type and site profile. There is several elements of passive fire fighting that implemented in this scheme. Fire Righting Access Site access which a proper ingress and egress for fire fighting purposes is a mandatory requirement from BOMBA in any new development. The access should clear from any obstacle such as softscape of hardscape. The access need to be build to ensure it is can support and held 3 ton of load which is fire truck. According to Uniform Building By-Law, 140 Fire appliances access, all building in excess of 7000 cubic metres shall abut upon a street or road or open space of not less than 12 metre width and accessible to fire brigade appliances. The proportion of the building abutting the street, road or open space shall be accordance with the following scale.
Fire Hydrant Pillar hydrant should comply with M.S.1395 and located at not more than 30 metre away from the breeching inlet for the building. The hydrant should be not less than 6 metre from the building if it is a high rise building so as to allow firemen to operate the hydrant safely, away from the burning building or falling debris. Generally, hydrants are spaced at not more than 90 metre apart along access roads of minimum 6 metres in width and capable of withstanding a load of 26 tons from fire brigade vehicle. According to Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 clause 225(2), every building shall be served by at least one fire hydrant located not more than 91.5 metres from the nearest point of the brigade access. THE INTERHOME are include 2 fire hydrant within the site boundry enough to cover the whole site area as shown in Drawing 5.0.
Table 5.0 BOMBA requirement on site perimeter access Volume of building in cubic metre
Minimum proportions of perimeter of building
7000 - 28000
One-sixth
28000 - 56000
One-fourth
56000 - 84000
One-half
84000 - 112000
Three-fourths
112000 and above
Island site Image 5.0 Fire hydrant
Since THE INTERHOME not exceeding 28000 cubic metre in total building mass volume, therefor the minimum of proportion of perimeter access of the building is one to sixth as shown in Table 5.0. The scheme met the BOMBA requirement.
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Not to scale
Drawing 5.0 Site drawing showing fire fighting access and location of fire hydrant. Source : Author 51
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Fire Escape and Running Distance
Fire Door
According Uniform Building By-Lawn 1984 clause 168, every upper floor of a building should have means of egress via at least two separate staircase except for single staircase building that has been approved. The staircase should be of such width that in the event of any one staircase not being available for escape purposes the remaining staircase shall accommodate the highest occupancy load of any floor discharging into it calculated in accordance with provisions in the seventh schedule.
According Uniform Building ByLawn 1984 clause 164, all fire door shall be fitted with automatic door closer of the hydraulically spring operated type in the case of swing door and of wire rope and weight type in the case of sliding door. THE INTERHOME are equipped with one hour fire door at every fire staircase on first floor level and second floor level also at the protected lift lobby in the basement floor. All doors are equipped with automatic door closers and 1000mm width in dimension.
Table 5.2 the Seventh schedule
By following the Uniform Building By-Laws the seventh schedule, this project providing two(2) escape staircase with travel distance less than 45 metre apart which means the escape staircase placed less than 90metre apart. THE INTERHOME is following the BOMBA requirement.
Figure 5.0 Fire escape
Image 5.1 Fire door
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Running Distance and Escape of First Floor
30m 35m
19m
27m
Not to scale
Drawing 5.1 First floor plan showing travel distance and fire escape staircase. Source : Author 53
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Running Distance and Escape of Second Floor
30m
28m
Not to scale
Drawing 5.2 First floor plan showing travel distance and fire escape staircase. Source : Author 54
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI - BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
Active Fire Fighting Strategies THE INTERHOME applied active fire fighting strategies based BOMBA guidelines according to building type and space programme. There is several elements of passive fire fighting that implemented in this scheme. Hose Reel System
Fire Extinguisher
Fire Alarm
Fire hose reels are located to provide a reasonably accessible and controlled supply of water to combat a potential fire risk. The length of a fully extended fire hose is 36 meters with a diameter of 19mm (outside diameter). These appliances are designed to deliver, as a minimum, 0.33L of water per second. A control nozzle attached to the end of the hose enables the operator to control the direction and flow of water to the fire. All fire hose reels come with a unique ball valve shut-off device, a plastic or solid brass hose reel nozzle and mounting bracket.
For its portability, portable fire extinguisher is the first line of fire defence that we can put out small fire before it spread bigger. The portable fire extinguisher located at the placed at every floor that is visible and reachable. It is located at every room, in corridor and landings which are near to staircases and lift. The specification of the fire extinguisher is really important depending on the situation and the properties of the fire.
An automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Automatic fire alarm systems are intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an offpremises location in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire and smoke.
Based on space and program in THE INTERHOME are equipped with two type of fire extinguisher which is dry powder and carbon dioxide(CO2). The carbon dioxide is only being used in kitchen at the cafĂŠ and also in small kitchen in the daycare centre.
The tank that supply the water are located at basement level along with the pump system. There are 3 hose reel at GF and 2nd Floor while at the 1st Floor there is 2 hose reel. Each hose reel are located within 30meter intervals.
THE INTERHOME are equipped with fire alarm and break glass that located closed to hose reel. The alarm will triggered the alarm bell and also notify the in house personnel at the control panel in the control room.
Image 5.3 Break glass
Figure 5.1 Hose reel system Image 5.2 Hose reel
Image 5.2 Fire extinguisher
Image 5.4 Alarm bell 55
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Not to scale Drawing 5.3 ground floor plan of active fire fighting equipment. Source : Author 56
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI - BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
Not to scale Drawing 5.4 first floor plan of active fire fighting equipment. Source : Author 57
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI - BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
Not to scale Drawing 5.5 second floor plan of active fire fighting equipment. Source : Author 58
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Sprinkler System A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected The sprinkler system in this scheme is applied only in the basement level. The sprinkler head is placed 2 metre intervals. The tank are located at basement level. Sprinkler system only covered the basement level. The sprinkler head are located each 3meter intervals.
Image 5.5 Sprinkler head
Figure 5.2 Sprinkler system
Not to scale Drawing 5.6 basement floor plan of sprinkler system. Source : Author 59
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI - BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
5.2 BUILDING DRAINAGE Storm water form the pitch roof is channel to the gutter and drained down by rain water down pipe. The water then pass through the concrete sump at the apron level before being channel to the perimeter drain by underground UPVC pipe. the storm water then collected in the concrete sump at the perimeter drain before being channel to last concrete sump and discharged out to the monsoon drain along the Gat Lebuh Macallum. Perimeter drain
Surface water from land scape and roadside drain also flow to perimeter drain before discharged out to the monsoon drain.
Drawing 5.8 detail of concrete gutter at multipurpose hall’s roof. Source : Author
R.C. sump
Last R.C. sump
Last R.C. sump
Drawing 5.7 site plan showing storm water management. Source : Author
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5.3 NATURAL AND MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM Natural Ventilation THE INTERHOME implement numbers of natural ventilation elements since it is using early Penang shophouse as a precedent which a very good example on tropical vernacular architecture. The element that contribute to natural ventilation such as full height opening, open plan layout, louvers and split gable roof which all these element will allow and enhance cross ventilation and stack ventilation. The application of split gable roof is allowing warn air which is lighter than cold air to travel up and flow out through opening in between the roof. This scheme also using a lot of full height opening and lovers window to allow air to freely flow in and out allowing cross ventilation.
Drawing 5.9 split gable roof detail
Figure 5.3 natural ventilation diagram
Drawing 5.10 full height louvers
Drawing 5.11 shuttered glass louvers opening
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Mechanical Ventilation VRV (Variable refrigerant volume) system is used for this themed hotel. VRV is an air condition system that is suitable for commercial building application with sophisticated individual zone control. The advantages of using VRV system are; •
Efficient and reliable
•
Energy saving ways to heat and cool all types of buildings
•
Minimum installation time or disruption
•
Conserves space
•
Operates over a broad temperature
Outdoor Unit
The VRV system is available in cooling the inside air with a rapid response system. The inverter driven compressor enables the output of the outdoor unit to be modulated in accordance with the cooling demand of the zone which it controls. The indoor part is an evaporator, while the outdoor unit is the compressor and condenser. Both compressor and evaporator coils are connected to the refrigerant lines. The system takes the hot air inside the space and removes it to the outdoors, leaving cool air in its place. Indoor Unit In THE INTERHOME, the intelligent controller is being introduced to the building. It allows detailed and easy monitoring and operation of VRV systems. It is a convenient controller that offers more freedom to administrators. The monitoring of air conditioning system is centralized based on a Web browser with the centre based inside the control room at the ground floor. Let say the seminar room is unoccupied, this remote monitoring of multipurpose properties will function automatically starts and stops air conditioners in order to prevent the room temperature of specific class modules from getting too high or too low. The rooms that used HVAC is deycare centre, computer class room and office only. The others are relying on natural ventilation.
Figure 5.4 VAV air conditioning system
Indoor Unit Outdoor Unit
Figure 5.5 VAV air conditioning indoor and out door unit 62
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5.4 VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION Machine Room-Less (MRL) Traction Elevators MRL Elevator machines are located in the hoistway, eliminating the need for a traditional machine room. They are designed for low- to mid-rise buildings having up to 250 feet of rise. THE INTERHOME applied this type of st=ystem due to its sadvantages such as: •
Eliminates traditional machine room
•
Reduces power consumption
•
Greater speeds than hydraulic systems
•
Less expensive than geared traction system
Lift Lobby
Seminar Room
Lift Lobby
Toilet
Lobby 2
Game Room
This system also suitable for low rise building. The speed that it can be faster than hydraulic system is an advantage to this scheme in case of emergency, even a split second does take in account.
250MM THK R.C. Compartmented shaft Counter weight Lift Door
Scale 1:30
Scale 1:75 Drawing 5.12 plan of lift shaft at lobby 2.
Drawing 5.13 section of lift shaft at lobby 2. 63
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5.5 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Electric power supply in George Town are manage by Tenaga Nasional Berhad. The electric supply around the site is provided into each premises by overhead power line as the electric supply pole are found surround the site and also at the backlane of neighbouring shophouses. Electric from TNB pass through substation at the service zone for step down before going in to the LV room and go to main switch board in the electrical riser at ground floor before the power being supply vertically by the riser and dis tribute throughout the floor by parallel circuit.
Electrical Riser
Figure 5.6 Electric supply system
Substation
Figure 5.7 Location of riser and substation on site plan 64
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5.6 WATER SUPPLY Concession company that run and manage water in George Town is Perbadanan Bekalan Air Pulau Pinang (PBAPP). As for the site, the main water line in lies beneath Gat Lebuh Macallum. However, based on analysis, there is water line branching out from the main line to reach to the bulk water meter at Sri Saujana Apartment. The strategy is to tap the water from the secondary line to go in to site. Water from the water meter pass through the pump room at the service zone to filled up the domestic water tank located at the main lobby roof top before being distributed. Only kitchen at the GF receiving direct water from the meter.
Figure 5.8 Water supply diagram
Figure 5.9 Water supply schematic diagram 65
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5.7 SANITARY AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM Sewerage treatment concession body who manage the sewerage in Penang is Indah Water Konsortium IWK. The nearest treatment plant is at the south west of the site which is at Jelutong. The waste from toilet, kitchen and surau are flow down via stack pipe before going into the manhole. The last manhole discharge all the waste to the main sewerage line that located underground of Gat Lebuh Macallum. There is 11 manhole needed to channel all the sewerage to the main sewerage line. The first manhole(mh1) is started from the Multipurpose Hall Toilet and met with first stack at manhole 5. The other stack flow through manhole 10 and manhole 11 before reaching manhole 9 for final discharge.
Figure 5.10 sanitary diagram Drawing 5.11 plan showing manhole location.
66 Figure 5.11 schematic sanitary diagram
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5.7 SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL Solid waste management in George Town is mange by Majlis Bandaraya Pulau Pinang MBPP itself. The garbage truck are schedule to start pick up the garbage at 6 am. Refuse chamber in this project are located within the services zone. It is located beside the substation and has its own unloading area. The chamber are equipped with roller shutter on the outlet side for ease of access for the person incharge to take out the trash. On the inlet side, double leaf door are provided to prevent the odour from escaping in to the building space even though the perimeter of it already being buffered by vegetation.
Garbage Truck Access
Figure 5.12 plan locating refuse chamber and garbage truck access
Refuse Chamber
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI - BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
6.0 FINAL DESIGN PROPOSAL 6.1 SKETCHES
Figure 6.1 sketch on space relation
Figure 6.0 early conceptual sketch in integration of spaces
Figure 6.2 Ground floor planning sketch
Figure 6.3 First floor planning sketch
Figure 6.4 Second floor planning sketch
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI - BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
6.2 FINAL PRESENTATION DRAWINGS
Figure 6.5 Final presentation board of 12 A1
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI - BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
6.3 INTERIOR PERSPECTIVES
Image 6.0 View of hallway at 1st floor which recreating the ambience of 5foot way
Image 6.1 View toward courdyard from hallway 2nd floor
Image 6.2 Wellness Centre : Yoga Area
Image 6.3 View toward main padestrian entrance from public plaza. 70
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI - BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
6.4 PHOTOS OF FINAL MODEL
Image 6.4 View from the expressway
Image 6.5 View from Gat Lebuh Macallum
Image 6.6 View from Sri Saujana Apartment
Image 6.7 View from the corner 71
BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI - BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
6.5 SELECTED COMMENTS BY PANELS Ar. Zulkhairi
• • • • • •
Significant improvement from interim. Space looks like home. Good on implementing tropical architecture element. Detail drawing need to be work out more. improve on verbal. North point on site plan is wrong.
Dr. Norafida • • • • •
Cantilevered structure not clear Work on detail drawing more Good choice of colour scheme “courtyard redefine” good attempt Internal road kind of disrupting the continuity of urban fabric
Others • Could be consider open up space on the side of Lebuh Nordin to attract people from Sri Saujana • Long circulation path need to provide pitstop especially when designing for elderly. • Improve drawing technicality and convention – line weight, plan, section, north point, grid line
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BIA 3004/BAED3276: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO VI - BUILDING ANALYSIS REPORT
7.0 CONCLUSION
This project has its own uniqueness on giving opportunity to the students to explore lots and lots of new knowledge. Even thought it is a clubhouse, this project still apart from the community which teach a lot on value of living in community. Every project is a journey, and every journey sure will have bumps along the road. However, the problem that has been encounter in the process of designing need to be seen as challenge which eventually will improve our knowledge on problem solving and critical thinking. George Town as the site proposed, such a interesting town with a lot and strong character. George Town is a beautiful city that strong in cultural and heritage value. It is really nice to have a chance going deep into the community to communicate and learn new thing from them about the history, culture and others. This project in overall has giving me a huge chance to develop my skills on being sharp and critical when doing observation and also teach me a lot on how to adapt and respect others culture and heritage especially in term of architecture. Its really importance when designing new development within the site that has such a strong history. It become a challenge to design but at the same time taking into consideration al lot of thing on order to ensure that the heritage and culture will not be disturb and will keep on live till next generation. Lastly, the comprehensive design proposal giving me chance to develop a lot on my technical skill, writing skills and my design on overall. This report require me to be precise and detail on every has been put up into the scheme to ensure everything is relate perfectly. All of those knowledge that I gain through this process are sure will help me a lot on my next journey.
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8.0 REFERENCES
Books
Legal Research Board (2013). Uniform Building By-Laws 1984. Selangor: International Law Book Services Hamzah Abu Bakar (2011). Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: The Institution of Fire Engineers (UK) Malaysia Branch (IFEM) Building for Everyone: A Universal Design Approach, CEUD (Ireland) Bureau of Indian Standard (1987). Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing. Ching, F.D.K. & Adams, C. (2001). Buulding Construction illustrated. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Jurnals David J. (1976). The Vierendeel. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Mar., 1976), pp. 54-60
Internet https://www.cheongfatttzemansion.com/ https://www.finesoftware.eu/geotechnical-software/solutions/shallow-foundations/isolatedfooting-pad-foundation/ http://penangshophouse.com.my/?page_id=70
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