This book was created for Connect-Ed by award-winning author Marina Appelbaum and cartoonist Sifiso Yalo (Vodacom Journalist of the Year 2007). Connect-ED is a highschool programme designed to educate students about relationships and sexual health. The aim of the programme is to develop students’ understanding and to empower them to make informed decisions related to their sexual health and wellbeing, including: • Safer sex • Contraception and negotiating condom use • HIV and AIDS • STIs • Unintended pregnancies Connect-Ed is sponsored by Durex.
More about durex With over 80 years’experience in the industry, Durex brings you products that are reliable when it comes to protecting your sexual health. That’s why millions of people across the world trust Durex every day. If you have decided to engage in sexual activity, see below for information on Durex condoms. • P ROTECTION: Durex condoms exceed international quality standards. Every single condom is 100% electronically tested. • EASY TO USE: Durex condoms are specially shaped so they are easier to put on. • COMFORT FACTOR: Durex condoms are lubricated and are more comfortable to wear. Always read the label. Use only as directed.
Connect-Ed has four key messages for youth: 1. Abstain – this is the best way to stay truly safe 2. Plan ahead – for safer sex 3. Take responsibility 4. Ask for support – contact Connect-Ed Buddy
By Marina Appelbaum Cartoons by Sifiso Yalo
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Marina Appelbaum – the author Marina received her BA and BA (Hons) in Psychology from the University of the Witwatersrand; taught life-skills for SANCA for 4 years; authored course material and an accredited test used in the Standard Bank Wellness programme; was a trainer and facilitator for Standard Bank peer educators (nationally); currently serves as a Board member of the South African Counselling Association (SACA); winner of the 2011 Feather Award – Arts, Culture and Heritage category.
Sifiso Yalo – the illustrator Sifiso is an editorial cartoonist and illustrator for Sowetan newspaper; proud father of a son; part-time 2D animator; winner of Vodacom Journalist of the Year (cartoon category) in 2007.
Published and designed by Jacana Media Tel: 011 628 3200 Fax: 011 482 7280 www.jacana.co.za
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be photocopied or reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder.
Printed and bound by Creda Communications
If you need more information, contact one of the organisations on pages 80–81.
Reprinted 2013, 2014, 2015
ISBN 978-1-4314-0702-6
© 2012 Marina Appelbaum
Job No 002404
The author and publisher cannot be held responsible for any medical problems.
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Contents How to use this book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Teenage sexuality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Body parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 What are genitals? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Inside your genitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Talking about sex. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Pregnancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Contraception. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Tough choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Support systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 What is an STI? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Signs and symptoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Causes of STIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 All about condoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Protected sex is sex with a condom. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 How to use a male condom correctly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 How to use a female condom correctly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Resistance to using condoms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 HIV and AIDS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 What is HIV?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 What is AIDS? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 How did HIV begin and spread?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Facts about HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Who can get HIV? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 How do you get HIV?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 How do you know you have HIV? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 What happens in the body?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 The 4 stages of HIV infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Opportunistic infections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Treatment of HIV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Your rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 Useful contacts and numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
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How to use this book About the book Being a teenager can be challenging and good sources of information are scarce. Although friends do care, they may not be the best source of advice and accurate information. This book is all about sexual health for teenagers. It provides accurate, updated information around teenager sexuality, contraception, unintended pregnancies, STIs and HIV. It also provides some tips for helping you develop positive relationships. It all starts with you… We have stuck to our award-winning formula.
Artwork
We have used the creative genius of Sifiso Yalo to add colour and humour. Cartoons are useful in helping everyone understand difficult text or words.
Information boxes
On some pages, you will find a small cartoon of the author – this box explains why the subject matter is being discussed.
Useful contacts and support On pages 80–81 there are useful contacts related to all the issues in this book.
Difficult words
If English is not your home language, you may want translations of some difficult words. These have been underlined. They are explained in Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho and Afrikaans in boxes on the sides of each page. The boxes look like this: English • Zulu • Xhosa • Sotho • Afrikaans
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Meet the characters Kenny Mr Condom Suzy and Karabo
Sifiso, Marina and Mr Ramapogo
Taz .. and Zoey
Guy
Mr ARV
White blood cells
HIV
M-cell
CD4 T-cell
B-cell
CD8 T-cell
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Teenage
sexuality Hi everyone – I am Mr Ramapogo, the life orientation / LO teacher. I really enjoy teaching this subject.
embarrassing •k uphoxe •k unokudanisa • s wabisa •m oeilik awkward • s okungaphatheki kahle •o nqabileyo •q otetsang •o ngemaklike reliable •o lunokwethenjwa •o luthembekileyo • t shepahala •b etroubare puberty •u kukhula •u kufikelela ebudaleni •q alo ya botjha •p uberteit
When discussing LO, it is impossible not to talk about sex. Some people (even adults) find it difficult to discuss this subject. I know that talking about sex may be a little odd or embarrassing, but one awkward moment is better than a huge life-changing mistake. I also want parents to know that research is showing that the more reliable information teenagers have, the later in life they will start to have sex. So let’s begin… and we’ll keep clothes on! • Y ou will keep hearing these terms: puberty, adolescence and teenagers. All three terms refer to a time of great change – the stage between childhood and adulthood. • E ach one of you is different and will go into this stage when your body is ready. Some of you will start at an early age (about 8) and others at a later stage (maybe 18). • B ut don’t worry – you will all eventually become adults.
adolescence •u busha •u kufikisa •b otjha • a dolessensie
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Body parts The physical changes in your body include: • Growth “spurts” (suddenly getting taller) • Breasts grow bigger (girls) • Penises grow bigger (boys) • Your body begins to smell • Body hair grows – underarms, on private parts, on the face • Skin and hair get oily • Pimples occur on the face
private parts • izitho zangasese • amalungu angasese • ditho tsa botona kapa botshehadi • privaatdele
All these changes do not take place at once. Most of them happen over a few years; a few happen quickly.
pimples • izinduna • amaqhakuva • diso • puisies
Girls and boys often wonder about the size of their individual body parts, like breasts and penises. The truth is, whether small, medium or big, it is much more important that these parts work well and are healthy. Let’s turn the page to see the body… without clothes on!
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