2 JACARANDA PHYSICS VCE UNITS 3 AND 4 | FIFTH EDITION ANDERSON | O’KEEFFE | MCKINNON | ROSENBROCK LOFTS | PHILLIPS | PENTLAND
JACARANDA PHYSICS 2
VCEUNITS3AND4 |FIFTHEDITION
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2 JACARANDA PHYSICS
VCE UNITS 3 AND 4 | FIFTH EDITION
MURRAY ANDERSON
DAN O’KEEFFE
BARBARA MCKINNON
MICHAEL ROSENBROCK
GRAEME LOFTS
ROSS PHILLIPS
PETER PENTLAND
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Fiftheditionpublished2023by
JohnWiley&SonsAustralia,Ltd
155CremorneStreet,Cremorne,Vic3121
Firsteditionpublished1997
Secondeditionpublished2003
Thirdeditionpublished2008
eBookPLUSeditionpublished2016
Fourtheditionpublished2020
Typesetin10.5/13ptTimesLTStd
©MurrayAnderson,DanO’Keeffe,BarbaraMcKinnon,MichaelRosenbrock,ClyntonEducationalServicesPtyLtd.(Graeme Lofts),RossPhilips,PeterPentland,MichelleLivett,JonPearce,PamRobertson2023
Themoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenasserted.
ISBN:978-1-119-88833-8
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Contents About thisresource 000 Acknowledgements 000 UNIT 3 HOW DOFIELDSEXPLAINMOTIONANDELECTRICITY? 000 AREA OFSTUDY1 HOWDOPHYSICISTSEXPLAINMOTIONINTWODIMENSIONS? 1 Newton’slawsofmotion 000 1.1 Overview 000 1.2 BACKGROUNDKNOWLEDGEMotionreview 000 1.3 Newton’slawsofmotionandtheirapplication 000 1.4 Projectilemotion 000 1.5 Uniformcircularmotion 000 1.6 Non-uniformcircularmotion 000 1.7 Review 000 2 Relationshipsbetweenforce,energyandmass 000 2.1 Overview 000 2.2 Momentumandimpulse 000 2.3 Workdone 000 2.4 Kineticandpotentialenergy 000 2.5 Review 000 AREA OFSTUDY1REVIEW 000 Practiceexamination 000 Practiceschool-assessedcoursework 000 AREA OFSTUDY2 HOWDOTHINGSMOVEWITHOUTCONTACT? 3 Gravitationalfieldsandtheirapplications 000 3.1 Overview 000 3.2 Newton’sUniversalLawofGravitationandtheinversesquarelaw 000 3.3 Gravitationandthefieldmodel 000 3.4 Motioningravitationalfields,fromprojectilestosatellites 000 3.5 Satellitesinspace 000 3.6 Energychangesingravitationalfields 000 3.7 Review 000 CONTENTS v UNCORRECTED PAGEPROOFS
4 Electric fieldsandtheirapplications 000 4.1 Overview 000 4.2 Coulomb’sLawandelectricforce 000 4.3 Thefieldmodelforpoint-likecharges 000 4.4 Electricfieldsfrommorethanonepoint-likecharge 000 4.5 Uniformelectricfields 000 4.6 Energyandmotionofchargesinelectricfieldsandthelinearaccelerator 000 4.7 Review 000 5 Magneticfieldsandtheirapplications 000 5.1 Overview 000 5.2 Magnetsandmagneticfields 000 5.3 Magneticfieldsfrommovingchargedparticles 000 5.4 Usingmagneticfieldstocontrolchargedparticles,cyclotronsandmassspectrometers 000 5.5 Magneticforcesoncurrent-carryingwires 000 5.6 Applyingmagneticforces—theDCmotor 000 5.7 Combiningelectricandmagneticforces,synchrotronsandtheWienfilter 000 5.8 Similaritiesanddifferencesbetweengravitational,electricandmagneticfields 000 5.9 Review 000 AREA OFSTUDY2REVIEW 000 Practiceexamination 000 Practiceschool-assessedcoursework 000 AREA OFSTUDY3 HOWAREFIELDSUSEDINELECTRICITYGENERATION? 6 Generationofelectricity 000 6.1 Overview 000 6.2 BACKGROUNDKNOWLEDGEGeneratingvoltageandcurrentwithamagneticfield 000 6.3 Magneticflux 000 6.4 Generatingemffromachangingmagneticflux 000 6.5 Generatorsandalternators 000 6.6 Photovoltaiccells 000 6.7 Review 000 7 Transmissionofelectricity 000 7.1 Overview 000 7.2 Peak,RMSandpeak-to-peakvoltages 000 7.3 Transformers 000 7.4 Powerdistributionandtransmissionlinelosses 000 7.5 Review 000 AREA OFSTUDY3REVIEW 000 Practiceexamination 000 Practiceschool-assessedcoursework 000 vi UNCORRECTED PAGEPROOFS CONTENTS
4 HOW HAVECREATIVEIDEASANDINVESTIGATIONREVOLUTIONISED
AREA OFSTUDY1 HOWHASUNDERSTANDINGABOUTTHEPHYSICALWORLDCHANGED? 8 Lightasawave 000 8.1 Overview 000 8.2 Reviewofwaveproperties 000 8.3 Lightasawave 000 8.4 Interference,resonanceandstandingwaves 000 8.5 Diffractionoflight 000 8.6 Interferenceoflight 000 8.7 Review 000 9 Lightasaparticle 000 9.1 Overview 000 9.2 Couldlighthaveparticle-likepropertiesaswell? 000 9.3 Thephotoelectriceffectandexperimentaldata 000 9.4 Einstein’sparticlemodelforlightandthephotoelectriceffect 000 9.5 Limitationsofthewavemodel 000 9.6 Review 000 10 Matterasparticlesorwavesandthesimilaritiesbetweenlightandmatter000 10.1 Overview 000 10.2 Mattermodelledasatypeofwave 000 10.3 Thediffractionoflightandmatter 000 10.4 Emissionandabsorptionspectra 000 10.5 Electrons,atomsandstandingwaves 000 10.6 Review 000 11 Einstein’sspecialtheoryofrelativityandtherelationshipbetweenenergy andmass 000 11.1 Overview 000 11.2 Einstein’sspecialtheoryofrelativity 000 11.3 Timedilation 000 11.4 Lengthcontraction 000 11.5 Relativityisreal 000 11.6 Einstein’srelationshipbetweenmassandenergy 000 11.7 Review 000 AREA OFSTUDY1REVIEW 000 Practiceexamination 000 Practiceschool-assessedcoursework 000 CONTENTS vii UNCORRECTED PAGEPROOFS
UNIT
THINKINGINPHYSICS?
12
AREA OFSTUDY2 HOWISSCIENTIFICINQUIRYUSEDTOINVESTIGATEFIELDS,MOTIONORLIGHT?
Scientificinvestigations 12.1 Overview 12.2 Keyscienceskillsandconceptsinphysics 12.3 Characteristicsofscientificmethodologyandprimarydatageneration 12.4 Health,safetyandethicalguidelines 12.5 Accuracy,precision,reproducibility,repeatabilityandvalidityofmeasurements 12.6 Waysoforganising,analysingandevaluatingprimarydata 12.7 Challengingscientificmodelsandtheories 12.8 Thelimitationsofinvestigationmethodologyandconclusions 12.9 Conventionsofsciencecommunication 12.10 Review APPENDIX 1 Periodic Table 000 APPENDIX 2 Astronomicaldata 000 APPENDIX 3 Formulae anddata 000 Answers 000 Glossary 000 Index 000 viii UNCORRECTED PAGEPROOFS CONTENTS
About this resource
Aligned to the VCE Physics Study Design
(2023 –2027)
VCE UNITS 3 AND 4 FIFTH EDITION
Developed by expert Victorian teachers for VCE students
Tried, tested and trusted. The NEW Jacaranda VCE Physics series continues to deliver curriculum-aligned material that caters to students of all abilities.
Completely aligned to the VCE Physics Study Design
Our expert author team of practising teachers and assessors ensures 100% coverage of the new VCE Physics Study Design (2023–2027).
Everything you need for your students to succeed, including:
• NEW! Access targeted questions sets including exam-style questions and all relevant past VCAA exam questions since 2013. Ensure assessment preparedness with practice SACs.
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• NEW! Enhanced practical investigation support including practical investigation videos, and eLogbook with fully customisable practical investigations — including teacher advice and risk assessments.
• NEW! Teacher-led videos to unpack challenging concepts, VCAA exam questions, exam-style questions, investigations and sample problems to fill learning gaps after COVID-19 disruptions.
JACARANDA PHYSICS 2
ABOUT THIS RESOURCE ix
Learn online with Australia’s most
Everything you need for each of your lessons in one simple view
• Trusted, curriculum-aligned theory
• Engaging, rich multimedia
• All the teacher support resources you need
• Deep insights into progress
• Immediate feedback for students
• Create custom assignments in just a few clicks.
Practical teaching advice and ideas for each lesson provided in teachON
Each lesson linked to the Key Knowledge (and Key Science Skills) from the VCE Physics Study Design
Reading content and rich media including embedded videos and interactivities
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x ABOUT THIS RESOURCE
powerful learning tool, learnON
Teacher and student views
Textbook questions
Fully worked solutions and sample responses
Practical investigation eLogbook
Digital documents
Video eLessons
Interactivities
Extra teaching support resources
Interactive questions with immediate feedback
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ABOUT THIS RESOURCE xi
Get the most from your online resources
Online, these new editions are the complete package
Each subtopic is linked to Key Knowledge (and Key Science Skills) from the VCE Physics Study Design.
Trusted Jacaranda theory, plus tools to support teaching and make learning more engaging, personalised and visible.
Interactive glossary terms help develop and support scientific literacy.
onResources link to targeted digital resources including video eLessons and weblinks.
Pink highlight boxes summarise key information and provide tips for VCE Physics success.
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Tables and images break down content, allowing students to understand complex concepts.
xii ABOUT THIS RESOURCE
Sample problems break down the process of answering questions using a think/write format and a supporting teacher‑led video.
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Practical investigations are highlighted throughout topics, and are supported by teacher‑led videos and downloadable student and teacher version eLogbooks.
• Online and offline question sets contain practice questions and past VCAA exam questions with exemplary responses and marking guides.
• Every question has immediate, corrective feedback to help students to overcome misconceptions as they occur and to study independently — in class and at home.
ABOUT THIS RESOURCE xiii
Topic reviews
A summary flowchart shows the interrelationship between the main ideas of the topic. This includes links to both Key Knowledge and Key Science Skills.
Area of Study reviews
Areas of study reviews include practice examinations and practice SACs with worked solutions and sample responses. Teachers have access to customisable quarantined SACs with sample responses and marking rubrics.
End‑of‑topic exam questions include past VCE exam questions and are supported by teacher‑led videos.
Practical investigation eLogbook
Enhanced practical investigation support includes practical investigation videos and an eLogbook with fully customisable practical investigations — including teacher advice and risk assessments.
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xiv
THIS
ABOUT
RESOURCE
A wealth of teacher resources
Enhanced teacher support resources, including:
• work programs and curriculum grids
• teaching advice
• additional activities
• teacher laboratory eLogbook, complete with solution and risk assessments
• quarantined topic tests (with solutions)
• quarantined SACs (with worked solutions and marking rubrics).
Customise and assign
A testmaker enables you to create custom tests from the complete bank of thousands of questions (including past VCAA exam questions).
Reports and results
Data analytics and instant reports provide data‑driven insights into progress and performance within each lesson and across the entire course.
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Show students (and their parents or carers) their own assessment data in fine detail. You can filter their results to identify areas of strength and weakness.
ABOUT THIS RESOURCE xv
Acknowledgements
Theauthorsandpublisherwouldliketothankthefollowingcopyrightholders,organisationsandindividualsfor theirassistanceandforpermissiontoreproducecopyrightmaterialinthisbook.
SelectedextractsfromtheVCEPhysicsStudyDesign(2023–2027)arecopyrightVictorianCurriculumand AssessmentAuthority(VCAA),reproducedbypermission.VCE® isaregisteredtrademarkoftheVCAA. TheVCAAdoesnotendorsethisproductandmakesnowarrantiesregardingthecorrectnessandaccuracyofits content.Totheextentpermittedbylaw,theVCAAexcludesallliabilityforanylossordamagesufferedor incurredasaresultofaccessing,usingorrelyingonthecontent.CurrentVCEStudyDesignsandrelated contentcanbeaccesseddirectlyatwww.vcaa.vic.edu.au.TeachersareadvisedtochecktheVCAABulletin forupdates.
Everyefforthasbeenmadetotracetheownershipofcopyrightmaterial.Informationthatwillenablethe publishertorectifyanyerrororomissioninsubsequentreprintswillbewelcome.Insuchcases,pleasecontact thePermissionsSectionofJohnWiley&SonsAustralia,Ltd.
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xvi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS