SCIENCE QUEST
AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM | FOURTH EDITION
GRAEME LOFTS | MERRIN J. EVERGREEN
JACARANDA
7
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SCIENCE QUEST 7
AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM | FOURTH EDITION JACARANDA
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GRAEME LOFTS MERRIN J. EVERGREEN CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM | FOURTH EDITION JACARANDA SCIENCE QUEST 7 UNCORRECTEDPAGEPROOFS AdeleNorton|LakshmiSharma|RituTyagi
Fourtheditionpublished2023by
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Firsteditionpublished2011
Secondeditionpublished2015
Thirdeditionpublished2018
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ISBN:9781394151141
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Contents Preface 000 Abouttheauthors 000 Aboutthisresource 000 Acknowledgements 000 SCIENCEINQUIRY 1 Discoveringscience 1 1.1 Overview 2 1.2 Branchesofscience 4 1.3 Thesciencelaboratory 8 1.4 SkillBuilder —Measuringandreading scales 1.5 SkillBuilder —UsingaBunsen burner 1.6 Scientificinquiry 21 1.7 SkillBuilder —Writinganaimand formingahypothesis 1.8 Controlledinvestigations 24 1.9 SkillBuilder —Controlled,dependent andindependentvariables 1.10 Analysingdata 29 1.11 SkillBuilder —Constructingapie chart 1.12 SkillBuilder —Creatingasimplecolumn orbargraph 1.13 SkillBuilder — Drawingalinegraph 1.14 Reportingoninvestigations 36 1.15 SkillBuilder —Fromobservationto conclusion 1.16 Extendedinvestigation 45 1.17 Project— Bigger,betterbeans 51 1.18 Review 52 2 Learningkeys 2.1 Overview 2.2 Understandinglearningandthinking 2.3 Typesofintelligence 2.4 Thinkingkeys 2.5 Learningtogether 2.6 Unlockinglearning 2.7 Questionkeys 2.8 Feedingyourbrain 2.9 Discoveringyourbrain 2.10 Thinkingtools—Makingthingsvisible 2.11 Review BIOLOGICALSCIENCES 3 Classification 63 3.1 Overview 64 3.2 Classificationsystems 66 3.3 Patternsinscientificlanguage 74 3.4 Understandingscientificnames 81 3.5 Keystounlockidentity 87 3.6 Classifyinganimals 96 3.7 Classifyingvertebrates 104 3.8 Classifyingmammals 112 3.9 Classifyinginvertebrates 119 3.10 Classifyingplants 127 3.11 TheuniquefloraofAustralia 134 3.12 Algae,fungiandlichens 140 3.13 Thinkingtools—Treemaps 144 3.14 Project—Snakesalive 146 3.15 Review 147 4 Ecosystems 157 4.1 Overview 158 4.2 FirstNationsAustralians’connectionto theirecosystem 160 4.3 Whatareecosystems? 169 4.4 Relationshipsinecosystems 178 4.5 Foodchainsandfoodwebs 186 4.6 Energyflows 194 4.7 Ecologicalpyramids 202 4.8 Changesinecosystems 207 4.9 Thinkingtools—Relationaldiagrams 218 4.10 Project—Smallacts,bigchanges 221 4.11 Review 222 CHEMICALSCIENCES 5 Statesofmatter 229 5.1 Overview 230 5.2 Statesofmatter 232 5.3 Changingstates 238 5.4 Thestateoftheweather 242 5.5 Theparticlemodel 246 5.6 Energymatters 251 5.7 Review 261 CONTENTS v UNCORRECTEDPAGEPROOFS
6 Separatingmixtures 269 6.1 Overview 270 6.2 Mixturesandsolutions 273 6.3 Separatingsolidsfrommixtures 280 6.4 Otherseparatingtechniques 286 6.5 Separatingsolutions 290 6.6 Separationinindustry 299 6.7 Removingcontaminationfromwater 304 6.8 Separatingourwaste 309 6.9 Thinkingtools—Singlebubblemaps 316 6.10 Project—Thediamondflush 318 6.11 Review 319 EARTHANDSPACESCIENCES 7 Earthinspace 329 7.1 Overview 330 7.2 FirstNationsAustralians’astronomy knowledgeandunderstanding 332 7.3 Earthinorbit 337 7.4 TheMoon 344 7.5 Eclipses 349 7.6 Tides 356 7.7 Explainingthenightsky 360 7.8 Thinkingtools—Mindmaps 366 7.9 Review 369 PHYSICALSCIENCES 8 Forcesinaction 375 8.1 Overview 376 8.2 Forces 378 8.3 Gravity 383 8.4 Friction 392 8.5 Keepingafloat 398 8.6 Magneticfields 402 8.7 Electricfields 413 8.8 Stayingsafe 419 8.9 Aworldofmachines 424 8.10 Thinkingtools—Clustermaps 441 8.11 Project—Paper,scissors,robot 443 8.12 Review 444 Glossary 000 Periodictable 000 Index 000 vi CONTENTS UNCORRECTEDPAGEPROOFS
About this resource NEW FOR
AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM V9.0JACARANDA SCIENCE QUEST 7
AUSTRALIAN CURRICULUM FOURTH EDITION
Developed by teachers for students
Tried, tested and trusted. Every lesson in the new Jacaranda Science Quest series has been carefully designed to support teachers and help students succeed by sparking their curiosity about the world around them.
Because both what and how students learn matter
Learning is personalLearning is effortfulLearning is rewarding
Whether students need a challenge or a helping hand, you’ll find what you need to create engaging lessons.
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Whether in class or at home, students can access carefully scaffolded and sequenced lessons to support in-depth Science Inquiry Skills development and step students through scientific inquiry with engaging interactive content and practical investigations. Automatically marked, differentiated question sets are all supported by detailed solutions - so students can get unstuck and progress!
Personalise student learning pathways, ensuring that confidence builds and that students push themselves to achieve … all in learnON, Australia’s most innovative learning platform.
Through real-time results data, students can track and monitor their own progress and easily identify areas of strength and weakness.
And for teachers, Learning Analytics provide valuable insights to support student growth and drive informed intervention strategies.
ABOUT THIS RESOURCE vii
Learn online with Australia’s most
Everything you need for each of your lessons in one simple view
• Trusted, curriculum-aligned content
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• Create custom assignments in just a few clicks.
Practical teaching advice and ideas for each lesson provided in teachON
Teaching videos for all lessons
Reading content and rich media including embedded videos and interactivities
viii ABOUT THIS RESOURCE
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powerful learning tool, learnON
New! Quick Quiz questions for skill acquisition
Differentiated question sets
Teacher and student views
Textbook questions
Fully worked solutions
eWorkbook
Practical investigation eLogbooks
Digital documents
Video eLessons
Interactivities
Extra teaching support resources
Interactive questions with immediate feedback
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ABOUT THIS RESOURCE ix
Get the most from your online resources
Online, these new editions are the complete package
Interactive glossary terms help develop and support scientific literacy.
Trusted Jacaranda theory, plus tools to support teaching and make learning more engaging, personalised and visible.
onResources link to targeted digital resources including video eLessons and weblinks.
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Tables and images break down content, allowing students to understand complex concepts.
x ABOUT THIS RESOURCE
Brand new! Quick
Quiz questions for skill acquisition in every lesson.
Three differentiated question sets, with immediate feedback in every lesson, enable students to challenge themselves at their own level
Instant reports give students visibility into progress and performance
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Every question has immediate, corrective feedback to help students overcome misconceptions as they occur and get unstuck as they study independently — in class and at home
ABOUT THIS RESOURCE xi
The practical investigation eLogbook ignites curiosity through science investigation work, with an extensive range of exciting and meaningful practical investigations. Aligned with the scientific method, students can develop rich science inquiry skills in conducting scientific investigations and communicating their findings, allowing them to truly think and act like scientists! The practical investigation eLogbook is supported with an unrivalled teacher and laboratory guide, which provides suggestions for differentiation and alteration, risk assessments, expected practical results and exemplary responses.
Practical Investigation eLogbook eWorkbook
Enhanced practical investigation support includes practical investigation videos and an eLogbook with fully customisable practical investigations — including teacher advice and risk assessments.
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The eWorkbook is the perfect companion to the series, adding another layer of individualised learning opportunities for students, and catering for multiple entry and exit points in student learning. The eWorkbook also features fun and engaging activities for students of all abilities and offers a space for students to reflect on their own learning. The new eWorkbook and eWorkbook solutions are available as a downloadable PDF or a customisable Word document in learnON
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A wealth of teacher resources
Enhanced teacher support resources for every lesson, including:
• work programs and curriculum grids
• practical teaching advice
• three levels of differentiated teaching programs
• quarantined topic tests (with solutions)
Customise and assign Reports and results
An inbuilt testmaker enables you to create custom assignments and tests from the complete bank of thousands of questions for immediate, spaced and mixed practice.
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Data analytics and instant reports provide data-driven insights into progress and performance within each lesson and across the entire course.
Show students (and their parents or carers) their own assessment data in fine detail. You can filter their results to identify areas of strength and weakness.
ABOUT THIS RESOURCE xiii
Acknowledgements
Theauthorsandpublisherwouldliketothankthefollowingcopyrightholders,organisationsandindividualsfor theirassistanceandforpermissiontoreproducecopyrightmaterialinthisbook.
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xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS