Some questions Marxist critics ask about literary texts

Sokol, B. J., ed. The Undiscovered Country: New Essays on Psychoanalysis and Shakespeare. London: Free Association Books, 1993. Winnicott, D. W. The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment. New

York: International Universities Press, 1965. Žižek, Slavoj. Looking Awry: An Introduction to Jacques Lacan through Popular Culture.

Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1991.

Notes

1. The psychological theories of Carl Jung (1875–1961) have generated a school of psychological literary criticism distinct from both the Freudian, or classical, and

Lacanian psychoanalytic criticism discussed in this chapter. Indeed, adequate coverage of Jungian criticism (sometimes called archetypal criticism or myth criti‑ cism) would require a chapter of its own. Jungian criticism is not covered in this textbook because its practice is not widespread enough at this time to warrant its inclusion. In any event, students who wish to study Jungian criticism will need to begin with a reasonably thorough understanding of classical psychoanalysis, to which this chapter offers an introduction. Jung’s Collected Works is listed in “For

Further Reading.” 2. See, for example, Bewley, Burnam, Chase, Gallo, and Hart. For a darker view of

Gatsby as pathological narcissist, see Mitchell.

Works cited

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Gatsby. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea, 1986. 11–27. Burnam, Tom. “The Eyes of Dr. Eckleburg: A Re‑Examination of The Great Gatsby.” College English 13 (1952). Rpt. in F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Collection of Critical Essays.

Ed. Arthur Mizener. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1963. 104–11. Chase, Richard. “The Great Gatsby”: The American Novel and Its Traditions. New York:

Doubleday, 1957. Rpt. in The Great Gatsby: A Study. Ed. Frederick J. Hoffman.

New York: Scribner’s, 1962. 297–302. Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. Chicago: H. S. Stone, 1899. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. 1925. New York: Macmillan, 1992. Gallo, Rose Adrienne. F. Scott Fitzgerald. New York: Ungar, 1978. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. “The Yellow Wallpaper.” New England Magazine 5 (Janu‑ ary 1892). Hart, Jeffrey. “ ‘Out of it ere night’: The WASP Gentleman as Cultural Ideal.” New Criterion 7.5 (1989): 27–34. Lacan, Jacques. The Seminar. Book VII. The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959–1960. Trans.

Dennis Porter. London: Routledge, 1992. ———. The Seminar. Book XI. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis. 1964. Trans.

Alan Sheridan. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho‑Analysis, 1977. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York: Viking, 1949.