Preliminary Survey 初步的调查 BUILDING TEAM
建筑队
Process
过程
Objective
目标
:to gain an awareness of the Qing Xing Lou and its village context through multiple lenses, in order to preserve this special space and building culture for future generations.
: 用不同的角度去得到认识田中土楼和村子的环境。让保留这个 特别的地方给以后的后代。
I
S
S
U
E
Exmigration of youth the tulou and village Diverse change housing
S from
commercial uses the functions of
Material and finishing changes cause disorder in overall village design
LIFE IN Q I N G XING LOU 庆 兴 楼 的 生 活
问
题
土楼和农村的年轻人的外流 不 改
同 变
的 住
商 房
业 的
用 功
途 能
材 料 和 表 层 装 饰 的 改 变 造 成 农 村 整 体 设 计 的 混 乱
Renovation in consideration to historic preservation, aesthetics, and s u s t a i n a b i l i t y.
历史保护，省美和可持续性的 创 新 的 思 考
Understand residents and integrate them into the future use of the tulou
了 解 居 民 和 把 他 们 与 土 楼 以 后 的 发 展 想 结 合
Methodology
办法
B u i l d i n g T y p o l o g i e s / 建筑地形 S t r u c t u r a l A n a l y s i s / 结构分析 2 4 - H o u r O b s e r v a t i o n / 24小时 观察 F i v e S e n s e s A n a l y s i s / 五官分析 Assessing Household Livelihoods
/
评价生计
Building Typologies
建筑地形
COMMERCIAL／商业
SACRED
MODERN RESIDENTIAL／现代居住楼 VERNACULAR DWELLINGS ／民居
Understanding these building types and the relationships between them is critical to the health of the village “organism” and the protection of the Tulou as a historic and cultural site. TULOU／土楼
TIANZHONG 田
中
VILLAGE 村
7
Tulou Residential House
6
Commercial House 16
5
Mixed Use House Temple
3 9
2
8
11
4
13
1
10
14
15
12
Characterized by:
COMMERCIAL TYPES 商业类
-
Concrete or mixed structural systems
-
Flat roofs
-
Stucco finish
-
Some attached remnants of pre-existing vernacular structures
-
An upper volume that cantilevers over a lower level
Characterized
MODERN RESIDENTIAL TYPES 现代居住类 by:
- Rectangular plan with some manipulation to massing - Addition of exterior finishes like tile and brick - Mixed or concrete structural systems - Flat or gabled roofs composed of concrete
VERNACULAR DWELLING TYPES 民居类 Characterized by: - Rectangular plan - Structural systems of wood framing and rammed earth - Exterior cladding composed of brick or stucco - Gabled roofs composed of clay tiles - Dwellings grouped together or designed singularly - Use of wood doors, windows and other furnishings
Characterized by:
SACRED TYPES 神圣空间类
- Sculptural stone or wood roof forms with clay tiles - Wood structural systems with brick infill - Strong relationships to landscape in the philosophy of Feng Shui - An interior courtyard - A rectangular or H-Shaped plan
Characterized by:
TULOU TYPES 土楼类
- Circular or square plans - High volume of dwelling spaces in Hakka building tradition - Structural system of wood platform framing with a rammed earth shell - Gabled roof composed of wood and clay tiles - Tw o o r m o r e s t o r i e s - Foundation of rough stone
SYMBIOSIS 村 子 和 土 OF VILLAGE 楼 的 共 生 AND TULOU S P A C E
UNIFIED, NOT HOMOGENEOUS 统一的， 不是同类的
DYNAMIC, NOT S TAT I C 动态的，不是静态的
PROTECTION, NOT P R E S E R VAT I O N 保护，不是保留的
农 村 统 一 NECESSITY O R 设计的必 F 要 性 ？ COHESIVE VILLAGE DESIGN?
Structural Analysis
结构分析
STRUCTURAL HISTORY OF QINGXING LOU - Previous Tulou Conditions unsuitable for living 先前的土楼不适合生存 - Local official provided funding for construction 当地正式提供建造的资金 - Constructed by villagers, used Hakka building techniques from nearby village 当地居民利用来自周边村落的客家建筑的技术建造土楼 - Construction took 8 years, starting in 1953 自1953年来，建造土楼历经8年 - Planned 4 story structure, “Big Leap” in 1958, lost funding and construction time 在1958年“大跃进”的时期，原计划建4层的建筑失去了资金和建造时间
E X P E C TAT I O N S R E G A R D I N G S T R U C T U R E 关于结构的期望 - Current residents hope to see young people joining their community 当代居民期望将年轻人带回土楼 - Educational training studio/conference space 教育训练中心/会议场所 - Retention of community atmosphere 社区环境的保留 - Priorities - traditional look, comfort, cleanliness 优先： 传统的视觉感受，舒适程度，卫生条件 - I n t e r e s t i n s u s t a i n a b i l i t y - e c o n o m y, e c o l o g y, e q u i t y 关注经济，生态和资金的可持续性 - Energy conservation/alternative energy 能源对话/可替代能源 - Implement modern safety measures 应用现代的安全措施
24 Hour Observation + Five Senses Analysis 24小时 观察 + 感官分析
1
2
3
Assessing Household Livelihoods 评价生计 H U M A N C A P I TA L • • • •
Number of households: 8 Age Statistics: 59-89 years old Gender Statistics: Male<Female Education Statistics: 10-18 years old • Occupation Demographics: All Retired • former rice and tea farmers • Healthcare: mostly uninsured • receiving care at local clinic
S O C I A L C A P I TA L
Tulou is culture 土楼是文化
Next Steps 下一步 CHAPTER ONE: - Create a business plan for Qing Xing Lou - Create a website for the Tulou - Envision space directly outside of the Tulou - Structural updates and alternative energy strategies CHAPTER TWO: -Conduct case studies and best practices CHAPTER THREE: - Education in Tulou construction methods, tea production skills, vernacular architecture, and historic preservation techniques - Implementation of business plan and tourism plan for the Tulou - Design policy for Tianzhong - Implementation of structural updates and alternative energy
Thank you. 谢谢
关于庆兴楼的可 Center for 持续发展教育和 Sustainable 绿色改革 Education and Green Modernization of QingXing Lou
Sustainability Education 可持续发展教育
Green Modernization of Tulous 土楼的绿色改革
Alternative/Renewable Energy: Education/Implementation 可替代/可再生的能源：教育/应用
Sustainability Education 可持续发展教育
Green Modernization of Tulous 土楼的绿色改革
Alternative/Renewable Energy: Education/Implementation 可替代/可再生的能源：教育/应
Solar 太阳能
Solar Powered Pump 太阳能供能抽水器
Wind Power 风能
Wind Power Used Here 这是风能的应用
Hydro 水能
Micro-Hydro gutter systems 微型水槽系统
Alt. Energy combo for lighting (Potentially) 可替代能源与闪电（潜能）的结 合应用
Biomass 生态废物
Expert on Tulou Construction 土楼建造专家
Topical fixes needed for facility 设备的修理
Upgrades Needed to facility : 设备的更新: Store/Supplies 储存/供给 Alternative Energy Systems 可替代能源系统 Better Wireless 更完善的无线系统 Courtyard tent for expanded meeting area 扩展会议空间提供的广场帐篷 More tables and chairs 更多的桌子和凳子 Etc. 等等
Demographic: 人 College students (Maybe high school as well) 大学生（ 高中生） Professors 教授 Other tulou owners/workers 其他土楼的主人 / 工作人员 Tourists 游客
Relationship with residents: 与居民的关系 Learning tool 学习方法 Subjects of observation 观察的主题
Potential negatives/impacts: 潜在的负面影响 High start up costs 高成本 More modern materials in historical style building 许多现代材料用于历史建筑 Others possible negatives...? 其他可能的负面影响
Why??? 为什么 To teach about sustainability/alternative energy 传授可持续发展/ 可替代能源 To educate other tulous on green modernization, sustainability, alternative energy, etc. 传授绿色改革，可持续发展，可替代能源， 等等 Bring in money for the tulou from univerisites, tourists, etc. 大学，游客等带来的收入 Alt. energy saves money in long term. 长期可转换能源节省钱 To help save the world. 帮助节省能源
Thank you 谢谢
Issue 问题 How to attract the guests to fill in the empty rooms? 如何吸引客人填充空房？
Issue 问题 How to balance preserving Tulou and bringing in incomes? 如何平衡土楼的保存和收入？
Issue 问题 How to interact with the residents? 如何与居民互动？
Issue 问题 How to interact with the residents? 如何与居民互动？
Idea 思考 Why not make Tulou as an educational center? 为什么不把土楼变成教育中心？ We can hold summer camping here 我们可以在这里举行活动 And it could be an English Learning Center… 这里可以是英语学习中心
Target 对象 Students 学生 Teachers 老师 Residents 居民
Target 对象
Time period in a year 一年中的时间段 February 二月 July 七月 August 八月
What to do in other time periods 在其他的时间段做什么
Interaction with residents 与居民互动
Interaction with the villagers 与居民互动
Design Principles 设计原理 Use of Space 空间利用
Use of Public Area 公共空间的利用
Use of courtyard 广场的利用
Use of Retail 零售店的利用
Use of Independent Study Area 独立学习空间的利用
Classrooms 教室 Various sizes of classrooms to meet different demands 多样的教室规格满足不同的需求
Small library 小图书馆
Impact 影响 Positive points 优点 Increase the fame of Tulou 增强土楼的品牌 Boost local economy 促进的当地经济
Impact 影响 Negative points 缺点 Cost too much to modify 改革花费太高 Little space for group discussion 没有足够的公共讨论空间 Etc. 等等
Tulou Preservation 土楼保护
Dec
Nov
Military Summer Camp
Sep
Therapeutic Workshops
Aug
Jan Corporate Retreat
Corporate Retreat Center 公司聚会中心
Why? Easy Access from Urban Areas 城市和农村之间的交通方便
Unique Facility which Augments Group Bonding 独特的形状扩大组员间的联系
Great Potential for Outdoor Activity 大的户外活动潜力
School Camp Destination 学校军训地
Why? Easy to Monitor Children 容易照看小孩 Access to the Outdoors 户外活动的途径 Unique Opportunity to Experience History 独特的机会去感受历史
Therapeutic Workshops
治疗的作坊
Why? Provides a Healthy Daily Rhythm 提供一个健康的每天的节奏 Relaxing Destination 放松的地方 Break from Urban Stresses 一个没有城市压力的地方
Interaction with Tianzhong 和田中村的相互 Brings Life to the Tulou 带给土楼生命 Larger Customer Base for Local Businesses 更多的顾客给当地的商业
Impact 影响 Careless Interaction with the Tulou 不在乎土楼的人
Sustainability
可持续性 Potential for Return Clientele
有潜力的活来的顾客
Growing Market for Group Destinations
发展的市场给团队活动
Generates Government/investors Attention
吸引政府和投资人的注意
Necessary Upgrades 必要的革新 Larger and Private Meeting Spaces 大点的和私人的开会空间 Calming Landscaping 平静的景观 Upgrades Utilities 革新设备
为什么 2050年要 生活在田中 村？
Why live in Tianzhong in the year 2050?
By 2035, approximately 75% of the built environment will be either new or renovated.
在2035年， 大概75％的建 筑会是新的或 者被革新
And by 2050? 2050年呢？
Will this exist in 2050? 这种场景在2050年存在？
Or this? 这个呢？
City
Village
城市
农村
Self-sustaining. 自足
Healthy space. 健康的空间
Slow pace. 慢节奏
Community garden and open space. 社区花园盒开发空间
Protecting village character. 保护农村特点
Depends on culturally sensitive development 紧密依靠文化发展
Sustainable technologies and practices. 持续的技术盒实践
Progress over long-term. 长期的进展
Sets precedent. 创造模式
The challenge begins now. 挑战现在开始
QING XING LOU
2011 2025 2050
entry
1. 2 m
30.5 m 26.1 m
1F ancestral hall
2.9 5
m
media
2F
3F
east section
room
room
media
room
entry
ancestral hall
0.83 m
typical section
2.7 m
3.64 m
2.7 m
3.78 m
3.38 m
1.2 m
3.5 m 10 m
New Built Forms
rigid
�exible
a flexible space for ...
small families
artists
the elderly
existing residents
2011
2025
2050
WHY? “Ruralization” Adaptive Reuse
2050 Plan
Flexibility Coexistence
Evolution
Availability
not available
Program Elderly Space: • 1F – Kitchen – 12.5 square meters • – Living Room – 12.5 square meters • 2F – Bedroom – 12.5 square meters Artist Space: • 2F - Living Room - 12.5 square meters • 3F - Studio Space - 12.5 square meters • 3F - Bedroom - 12.5 square meters Single-Family Residence: • 1F - Dining Room - 12.5 square meters • - Kitchen - 12.5 square meters • 2F - Living Room - 16 square meters • - Bathroom - 9 square meters • 3F - Bedroom (2) - 20 square meters
for the elderly 37.5 square meters
bed
living
for an artist
37.5 square meters
bed studio
living
for a small family 75 square meters
bed bed living
bath
dining kitchen
GENERAL RULES
•
Respect the residents of QingXing Lou, their personal space and their personal property.
• Photography is permitted, but be respectful and ask residents before taking photos of them and their rooms. • Guests may only smoke outside of the tulou’s gate and cigarette butts must not be left on the ground. • Public Restrooms are available for visitors and tourists on the 1st floor. Optional donations for use are accepted in the gate. • All rubbish should always be property be disposed of in trash bins and can be found around the perimeter of each floor. Please keep in mind that the small red covered bins are not trash bins.
RULES FOR GROUPS
• Quiet Hours are between 22:00 and 07:00. • Guests should return to the Tulou by 22:00 to ensure that residents can close the gate according their needs. • Do not leave personal belongings unattended in public areas within the Tulou. • Limit use of the entryway seating area and the ancestral space during the day, as residents enjoy occupying these spaces. The tables in the courtyard are always available for guest use. • For large groups, reservations for use of meeting spaces can be arranged on daily schedules displayed in the entryway. • Shouting across the courtyard is frowned upon, as it disrupts the quite atmosphere of the Tulou. • Showers should be limited to three minutes to conserve water usage. • Toilet paper should not be flushed down the toilets; rather it should be disposed of in the waste bins. • Maintenance of bathrooms is divided respectively among guests living on each floor. Assigned responsibilities include: cleaning the sinks, showers, and toilets; restocking toilet paper; taking out the trash; and sweeping the floor. • Cleaning service for groups who do not wish to share these responsibilities can be contracted on an individual basis. • Boots and clothing soiled from hiking and outdoor activity can be rinsed off outside on the 1st floor and should never be cleaned in the restrooms. • Bed linens, duvets and pillows are available to let. • There is one washing machine on site, though use should be limited. Wash tubs and wash boards are available free of charge. All clothing can be hang-dried on the 2nd and 3rd floors.
HOUSEHOLD LIVELIHOODS Focused on Human, Financial and Social Capital
• Personal Histories • Only one non-Chinese resident • Education • Highest Level of Achievement: some men attended night school • Most of their children received education • Food • Spending 5-20 yuan each day • Many grow their own vegetables • Healthcare • Receiving care at the local clinic • Only one man has insurance • Several falls have occurred in the tulou resulting in long-term issues • Finances • Government Support • Support from Children
LEED 2009 for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance
Potential Current Rating: Gold Total Points: 66
Struggles:
• Sustainable Sites – Stormwater Quantity Control / Heat Island Reduction • Water Efficiency – No Cooling Tower • Indoor Environmental Quality – Increasing Ventilation and Daylighting
Next Steps?
Energy & Atmosphere – Commissioning