The Green Revolution

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The Green Revolution Jack McCready May 28th, 2015 Writ 1133

Table of Contents Introduction… 3

Review of Literature… 5

Methodology… 8

Results and Analysis of Data... 10

Discussion and Conclusion… 13

Works Cited… 14

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About the Author

Jack McCready is a University of Denver Freshmen studying Finance. Originally from Sudbury, Massachusetts, he came to Denver for the exceptional academics and pursuit of skiing. He was interested in the topic of marijuana legalization because it seems to be a part of the culture in Denver. A state with legal cannabis was something new to him so he decided to explore it further. Mainly interested in how it effects the states citizens he conducted a study to measure the public perception on the new law. From there he sought to forecast the future of marijuana in the nation because legalization movements are rapidly spreading all over the country.

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Chapter One A very current and pressing issue facing the U.S government today is the possible legalization of marijuana. The drug remains illegal on the federal level but multiple states have recently passed laws regulating the drug like alcohol. There are seventeen other states who have serious propositions about passing similar laws. The federal government has not interfered yet but it would be much more beneficial for them to legalize it. A New York Times poll taken last year discovered that fifty-one percent of Americans believe that the drug should be made legal.1 A study was done at the University of Denver in which mainly university students were surveyed for their opinions on the matter for this book. A large percentage of these students, who as an age group make up the future of the country, said that they believed that using marijuana should be a choice for Americans to make. The government is supposed to represent the ideas of its people and therefore should listen to make it legal. Marijuana has been given a bad reputation by the health community due to smear campaigns against the drug intended to scare people but the drug is not as dangerous as made out to be. Marijuana overdose has never been the cause of death to a human being. Overdosing is simply impossible with the amount of THC (the active ingredient in marijuana) need to kill a person. Even the most dedicated stoner with weed of extreme potency unlike anything seen before could not kill himself if he tried. The body simply processes THC or if necessary rejects it before it can do harm. The U.S is spending billions of dollars per year on a drug war that has just been ineffective. It is estimated that a user or dealer of marijuana has less than a two percent chance of getting caught by the law.2 The government is also missing out on so much revenue since marijuana is a cash crop. Not only is their money to be made in the taxation of use but hemp is a valuable commodity. Marijuana is not that expensive to grow but can be marked up for huge prices because of the demand. Marijuana is estimated to have 10 times the per acre yield rate than corn, and 9 times the value.3 It can be used for producing paper as a renewable source, to help save the earth’s forests. It can also be used as an alternative fuel source such as corn for ethanol. The primary research done for this book focused on the public’s perception of the drug since so much statistical research has been done recently. By learning to what extent the public is aware about this extensive research and how it affects their views creates a projection of possible changes to come. The vast majority composing the population of the survey were college students. This was beneficial since they represent the future America. The students are not as dumb as they look, showing they have a general cannabis knowledge to an extent but of course with room for improvement. The data collected through a survey showed that these students do favor legalization, above the national average. This would lead one to believe that national acceptance is only going to increase and will lead to the end of prohibition. 1

Lyman, Rick. "Pivotal Point Is Seen on Legalizing Marijuana." New York Times 27 Feb. 2014: A1(L). The New York Times. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. 2 Earleywine, Mitchell. Understanding Marijuana: A New Look at the Scientific Evidence. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print., 224 3 Fine, Doug. Too High to Fail: Cannabis and the New Green Economic Revolution. New York, NY: Gotham, 2012. Print., xxvi

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The benefits of legal cannabis in the United States far outweigh the potential downsides. It is the responsibility of the nation’s citizens to educate themselves on this matter since most of these facts have been kept in the dark for so long. Then they can call the government to action for their cause. Marijuana will be legalized on the federal level because the drug has fewer health concerns than alcohol or tobacco, it will reduce crime, and will provide economic benefits from tax revenue, job creation, and the hemp industry.

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Chapter Two Marijuana has been called many different names across the world, but only in a few places can it be called legal. The history of cannabis prohibition is immense and a plethora of information on the subject has been published for decades. It seems that in the past substantial evidence has come out in the past as to why no one should use marijuana. Nonetheless, more recently studies have been done showing that marijuana is not harmful and can help the nation with a variety of problems. This research has mainly led to more acceptance of the drug and even further research. The snowball effect created by a couple independent studies on marijuana has given way to a now large pool of cannabis research out there. To this day four states have legalized the drug to the same level as alcohol. There are seventeen other states who have serious propositions about passing similar laws. The research includes a variety of publication facets and touches on several areas where marijuana impacts the U.S and its citizens. Sifting through studies some key facts can be brought to attention which highlight what Americans should consider when think about having federally legal marijuana or not. These include cannabis impacting the body, economy, law, climate, and constitutional rights. The most common marijuana research is done its relationship with the human body. Typical questions that these researchers attempt to answer are whether or not marijuana can kill a human from overdose or if it can cause long term health complications. A lethal dose of THC (the active drug in the plant) would require 125 mg per Kg of body weight.4 Therefore to kill a 160 pound person they would need to smoke 900 joints (containing an average of 20 mg of THC each) continuously which would take about 150 hours. There are some reports that say that marijuana is associated with respiratory illness.5 Smoking is known to cause lung disease but this is found only in cigarettes because of the additional chemicals. There are no cases of lung disease associated with marijuana alone. The contribution in 2010 of different risk factors to the total burden of disease globally is estimated to be 6.3 percent for tobacco, 3.9 percent for alcohol, and just 0.8 percent for all other illicit drugs.6 In fact, due to cigarettes 443,000 premature deaths occur each year.7 Besides tobacco, Alcohol, kills 75,000 people per year.8 It is interesting to see that most researchers concluded that other legal substances are more deadly than marijuana. A great deal of research has been done specifically on the medicinal effects of the drug to see if it can help patients with certain diseases. Marijuana has even been recognized as medically beneficial in 22 States yet the DEA and FDA consider it a schedule one substance meaning; (1) has a high potential for abuse; (2) has no currently accepted medical use; and (3) may be unsafe even under a doctor’s supervision.9 Francis L. Young, a law judge of the U.S Drug Enforcement Administration, agrees that marijuana is safe saying, “In strict medical terms

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Earleywine, Mitchell. Understanding Marijuana: A New Look at the Scientific Evidence. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print., 224 "Marijuana Resource Center." The White House. The White House, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. <http:// www.whitehouse.govondcp/marijuanainfo/>.

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Room, Robin. "Alcohol and Other Drugs in a Public Health Context." Business and Industry. Gale, n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

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Information Plus Reference. "Antidrug Efforts and Their Criticisms." Gale, n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

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"Alcohol Linked to 75,000 U.S. Deaths a Year." Msnbc.com. N.p., 25 June 2005. Web. 01 May 2014. <http:// www.nbcnews.com/id/6089353/ns/health-addictions/t/alcohol-linked-us- deaths-year/#.U2LFkBbZzyo>. 9 Blake, David, and Jack Finlaw. "Marijuana Legalization in Colorado: Lessons Learned." HeinOnline. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2015.

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marijuana is far safer than many foods we commonly consume ... Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man�.10 The underlying theme behind this combination of information presented on cannabis and the body is that researchers suggest that marijuana is not as dangerous as previously suspected. Another dimension of marijuana research is the impact legalization would have on the economy. Legal Cannabis would raise about 46.7 Billion dollars per year.11 In the Nineteenth and early Twentieth centuries alcohol taxes made up 70% of the federal revenue.12 Twenty-five percent of the Marijuana consumed in the U.S is grown in the U.S.13 These points made by Fine and Gottfried build on each other because these studies show how much money could be made from marijuana sales and the boost to the budget it could have. The point made about how much marijuana is grown in the U.S is also interesting because further research could be done into what kind of jobs that could create if made legal as well as how the other 75% gets in to the country. The federal drug control budget in 2011 was 15.6 Billion dollars, a 44% increase from a decade ago.14 Meanwhile the average state budget was 12 Billion annually, totaling almost 28 Billion dollars.15 Over the past 4 decades the U.S has spent over one trillion dollars on the drug war.16 These statistics are not necessarily hard research done by others but important background information none the less for understanding further information about drugs and the economy. They indicate to an audience the immensity of spending but do lack an explanation of how exactly the dollars are spent. Arrests for cannabis have skyrocketed from 580,900 in 1980 to 1.5 Million in 2011.17 Using the previous statistics about the budget for the war on drugs in 2011 it can be determined that the government spends 19,600 dollars per arrest. The literature for the economics behind what marijuana could add to the economy and how much it takes to fight the drug is saturated with statistics. However, by putting together the numbers it paints a more vivid picture of a possible green economic revolution. If the estimated tax profit was coupled with the saved money from the war on drugs a possible 74.3 Billion might be added to the economy. The final facet of marijuana research is into whether or not it should be a constitutional right. The Brahma Krishna sect of Hinduism which is a recognized religion and the Ethiopian Zion Coptic church have cannabis rituals but cannot perform them because of the law.18 A sort of experiment was conducted when in the case of Ravin v. State 1975 an attorney named Irwin Ravin arranged to have himself arrested for possession to test the right to privacy. The Alaskan State judges decided that the right to privacy applied in this case because the noncommercial, individual aspects of the situation made the use of marijuana consistent with the right to privacy.19 The research done about religious groups using cannabis and the experiment by Ravin do not have similar outcomes pertaining to marijuana use. In one case the right to freedom of

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Gottfried, Ted. The Facts about Marijuana. New York: Benchmark, 2005. Print, 30 Fine, Doug. Too High to Fail: Cannabis and the New Green Economic Revolution. New York, NY: Gotham, 2012. Print., xiv 12 Fine, xxxviii 13 Terkel, Susan Neiburg. Should Drugs Be Legalized? New York: F. Watts, 1990. Print., 65 14 Information Plus Reference. "Antidrug Efforts and Their Criticisms." 15 Earleywine, 235 11

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"Washington: a First for Legal Marijuana." New York Times 6 Mar. 2014: A17(L). The New York Times. Web. 24 Mar. 2014 Information Plus Reference. "Drug Crimes." Gale, n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2015. 18 Earleywine, 228 19 Earleywine, 229 17

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religion is suppressed but in the other the right to privacy is upheld. In 1991 80% of people who had drugs confiscated were never charged with a crime.20 U.S is home to five percent of the world population but twenty-five percent of the world’s prisoners.21 The 1990 budget for drug treatment in jails was zero dollars.22 The average guard to prisoner ratio is 3, while the average teacher to student ratio is 30.23 Juvenile prisoners in school are 40-70% less likely to test positive for marijuana than those in detention centers.24 This research pertains more to a moral sense in which the studies aim to highlight. The information presented on prisons in the U.S by these studies appeals to human emotion with stunning statistics. Together they can show an injustice and make others consider which is more important to them, illegal marijuana or these rights. As stated before there is a huge resource pool when it comes to marijuana research. These researchers do a good job going in depth into how marijuana can effect a specific aspect of life. However, it is not easy for readers to grab onto a substantial take-away from these studies. Reading such in depth articles about things such as the change in drug arrests per year does not give someone a good general knowledge about marijuana. It can often create confusion and debate since pieces of the puzzle are usually missing. Having the key points made by these researchers all together above does begin to illustrate the truth behind marijuana. It can be seen how all of these studies overlap with similar undertones. Once put together this information could lead one to believe that legalized marijuana would be beneficial. However, two key pieces of information are missing from these studies done. The first is how much of the public is aware of these findings. Older research done decades ago was biased against marijuana without concrete evidence as to why. In fact, in the 1980s the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) declared marijuana the U.S’s most serious problem.25 Today that is most certainly not the case and neither was it in the 1980s yet the government preached it as so. Also, as seen above, the data on marijuana is focused and does not provide great overviews. Finding out the awareness of marijuana facts in the population will indicate what education needs to be provided to citizens so they know the truth. Secondly, finding out the public opinion regarding marijuana is something that needs to be researched. This is extremely important because the American government represents its people who would be the ones supporting legalization. Both of these factors are the targets of research in this book. This study was conducted at the University of Denver to decipher the missing research from the literature above. From there a conclusion can be reached as to what the future of marijuana in the United States might look like.

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Baum, Dan. Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996. Print., 321 "Marijuana Legalization and Regulation." Drug Policy Alliance. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. <http://www.drugpolicy.org/ marijuana-legalization-and-regulation>. 22 Baum, 290 23 Baum, 321 24 Eckberg, Douglas, and Richard Sutch, eds. "Crime and Victimization of Marijuana." HSUS Cambridge. N.p., 2006. Web. 7 Apr. 2015. 25 Earleywine, 255 21

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Chapter 3 For this book the best primary research tactics were used to provide stability for the argument. The question answered was, “Now that marijuana has been legal for over a year in the state of Colorado will the federal government consider legalizing it as well?”. The question is interesting to answer since it is something that could soon be debated all across the country if not already. Using primary research and secondary sources, data showed that if marijuana became legal it would be beneficial for a number of reasons if it were regulated the same way as alcohol. For example the tax revenue would be enormous and give the government more flexibility with the budget. In a sense money would also be gained by not spending to fight the black market on which marijuana is currently sold. These combined would be a large sum of money which could be put towards things such as education or infrastructure, not to mention less crime on the streets without a black market. However, none of these points have much weight without the public behind them. Through primary research the public opinion on the matter was gauged since it is up to the citizens of the United States to push this agenda. A ten question survey was constructed and then distributed online to act as the main form of primary research. Through social media it was easy to find willing people to take the survey. Greek life on the University of Denver campus was the first group of people reached out to because they are easily accessible. The survey was posted in Facebook groups for these organizations which took little effort and yielded a good number of responses. It was also posted it in other locations online to ensure that the survey was not just taken by DU Greek life members. While creating this book a time limit was enforced so efficiency was the overall goal which was another reason for drawing up a survey. College students are also pressed for time in their own lives. Therefore to get the most results the questionnaire was concise for convenience. This form of distribution was used since it was expected to yield the most results. The assumption was correct and the goal of 100 responses was surpassed, in total 142 were collected. College students at DU were the main target of the survey since they were the most accessible population. It was thought to be good target group because the goal of the research was primarily interested with what the youth of America thought on the matter. This creates a better idea of what the future could look like since these students will soon be the faces of the average American. These questions showed the public opinion to help support the hypothesis of this book. The questions distributed did not ask about personal experience, strictly perception. Two questions were asked about how hazardous the public believes the drug is to physical and mental health. This was put in the survey because the health concerns associated with marijuana are the primary reason for prohibition. Earlier secondary research showed that cannabis does not put people at a long term health risk. However, the level to which the public was informed was not known until the responses were received. The survey then asked for their opinions on the effectiveness of the war on drugs. This was an important question to ask because the government spends so much money fighting marijuana even though it is hopeless. Cannabis user numbers are at an all-time “high”. Having marijuana regulated would also significantly decrease the black market which leads to other crime and underage use. The next question outright asked if they believed it should be a right to choose to use marijuana. This has been a question asked to the public before in numerous national polls done by organizations such as the New York Times. The goal of this question was two-fold. Primarily to find out if the student population favored 8

legalization but also to see how closed it match up with the national poll. Seeing if students were above or below this number could again help forecast the future. Finally they had to guess how much money the tax on marijuana in Colorado generated in a year. This question was designed solely to see if the public was well informed on another potential affected area if legalization occurred, the economy. Overall the responses gave good insight as to how marijuana is thought of by the community to aid in determining the future of cannabis.

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Chapter Four This data that was for the study of the legalization of marijuana was collect through a survey in which there were 142 total responses. The survey was conducted both online and in person from April 19th to April 19th. It was only ten questions in length but was more than enough data for this topic. The survey was mostly taken by but not limited to University of Denver students so they will be referenced as the main population in the study. It can be seen in this graph which age groups participated in this survey. The survey was also male dominated with responses from 91 males and 51 females. From this research a clear trend has emerged about the current perception of marijuana and legalization. In general the DU community does not view marijuana as a harmful enough substance to be outlawed in the country. They also believe that the war on drugs is hurting the nation more than helping. One other inference that can be made from the data is that they are not even that informed on the matter to begin with. The government and other sources have done a good job keeping facts from the public to keep the drug illegal. When asking the public how dangerous they believe marijuana is for their physical health the answers showed a trend. This graph shows how quickly the number of responses grew for each less hazardous health option with almost half the participants believing that marijuana is not harmful for their bodies at all. This data captures the public’s opinion of the dangers of marijuana and they are relatively accurate here since there has never been a death of marijuana overdose. On the other drugs that can be bought legally such as alcohol can cause thousands of deaths per year from overdose. In 1980 only 5% of people believed there were no bad long term effects from using marijuana. Through the research done at the University of Denver this year it was found that 42% of those surveyed believe that marijuana has no permanent effect on one’s health. One important factor in the heightening awareness behind how dangerous cannabis can be is the increase in general use. In 1975, 5.8% of high school seniors said they used marijuana in the past month which has now become 23%. With the increase in use has come an increase in knowledge and excitement for research. This trend will continue. Not necessarily more use of the drug, but more of this research will be published which leads to increased acceptance and therefore legalization.

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The next questions asked in the survey was similar but asked about the effects of marijuana on mental health. The public was more split on this decision, see graph, but the most common choice was “minimal hazardous effect”. The more split decision was expected from this question since less research has been done into the mental effects of the drug. One thing often conveyed by the government is that marijuana is addictive and leads to using other drugs. This is something drilled into student’s heads from elementary school and showed at the university with 63% of students saying they think marijuana is a gateway drug. It is true that those who do harder drugs often try cannabis first but this is correlation not causation. Smoking marijuana does not mean that one is more likely to then use hard drugs, it is just the typical progression of those who do use hard drugs to try marijuana first since it is more available. In fact marijuana is still less addictive than alcohol which yet again is legal today. These facts are purposefully misconstrued so that young Americans refuse to try marijuana in their life because then all of a sudden they will be heroin addicts, not true. Once people are made aware that this is an exaggeration acceptance will continue to grow. Despite these anti-marijuana efforts, the public still voiced its opinion that they believe the drug does little damage to the brain and should be legal. One goal of the survey was to see how well informed the public was of the good legal marijuana had been doing for Colorado. A big upside is the large tax put on the drug which brings in huge revenue to the government. This money can now be put towards education of infrastructure. Another question that was asked was, “How much money do you think the state of Colorado made from recreational marijuana tax?” As expected the answers were all over the place since the public truly has no idea the good marijuana is doing, see graph. The real answer was just over 60 million dollars. Meaning that just 15% of college students at a university that partially prides itself on a great business program know how marijuana is influencing the economy of the state they live in. From these numbers it is fair to assume that the nation’s awareness of marijuana revenue is significantly smaller because they live in other states and might not have the same level of education. It is likely that if the public, more importantly those outside the state of Colorado, was more aware of this that they would push legalization harder since almost every family in America worries about the economy. 11

The next question had the most drastic difference in response. An overwhelming majority of people believe that the war on drugs has failed, see graph. Here at the university, 87% of the students believe that the government has been ineffective with the stopping the illegal sale of drugs. If marijuana was regulated and sold in stores it would be harder for children to get their hands on. Of U.S citizens ages 12-18 38% have tried cannabis while only 21% percent have tried it in the Netherlands where it is legal. Where the drug is illegal more minors are able to get their hands on it because of the underground market as opposed to a country where it is legal and regulated which actually prevents minors from doing the drug. The federal government spends billions of dollars per year trying to fight marijuana use but it only seems to get more popular. It is clear that it has failed and the public knows it. At this point it is pointless to throw away tax dollars at this cause. The government is fighting something that they should embrace. They should also listen to the majority of people who do not think it is necessary to fight this war anymore since government is a representation of the people. The federal government be able to put this money towards other areas to better the country. If this money was coupled with the revenue brought in from tax on marijuana there would be substantial growth in the budget. Finally the most important question asked in the survey was whether or not they believed that is was a right to choose to use marijuana if desired. This is the most important because America prides itself on the belief of freedom. 108 of 142 people responded that they believe it is a right to choose, see graph. This is an overwhelming 76% of the population at the university. Compare this to a national poll taken by the New York Times in which 51% of the population agreed that marijuana should be a legal right. The university represents a younger generation and is a good indicator for the future. It is likely that the national 51% approval will rise as these college students age and pass down their beliefs to the generation below them. It would be a fair assumption that because of this marijuana will become legal at some point. However, this point should truly be now. With either this is a majority and is the real reason as to why the government should be putting the legalization of marijuana to congress. Having it regulated the same way as alcohol today will keep the drug under control but give the people their freedom for which they are calling out for. If the government’s goal is to truly represent the people of America then marijuana should be legalized.

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Chapter Five The research done for this paper was intended to help inform the public about a topic which has been misconstrued in the past. The survey conducted at the University of Denver (DU) shows that the awareness about the real facts behind marijuana use are at an all-time high but it still not enough. For something to be done the knowledge collected here has to be passed on to grow the legalization movement. However, the numbers at DU should be taken as encouragement for the future since they represent the youth of America. Marijuana should be legalized by the federal government because prohibition is a violation of the Constitution, a waste of money, and creates crime. Marijuana is not a dangerous drug for the body, no one has ever died from it. However, there are even legal substances such as alcohol that kill tens of thousands of people per year. Marijuana could be regulated such as this already legal drug to further ensure safety with use. This regulated market would bring in huge economic benefits from tax revenues, helping the economy. They government would also save all the money it’s losing to the war on drugs which has not even put a dent in marijuana use. The regulated market would also help reduce crime because the crime that comes along with selling the drug will be eliminated. Hemp will help save trees and give more work to farms since the crop is so valuable. The addition of cannabis to the crop rotation should also improve soil conditions which will create bigger yields of all crops in the future. Prohibition infringes on the people’s rights to privacy and property. If they possess the drug and it is taken away from them for no reason then that is invading the right to property. The right to privacy also applies because people should be able to choose if they can use it since it has not actually been proven harmful. The legalization has been essentially proven to work well for everyone in Washington and Colorado with it being over a year but now it is time for the federal government to take action as well, legalizing marijuana. Information is powerful but it is nothing without people standing behind it. It is a tool that has to be used properly in order to achieve a goal. Continuous education about cannabis is necessary for this effort to gain support. It would most certainly be beneficial for the citizens of the U.S to have marijuana legalized. It will bring good things and most of the typically conceived negatives such as health risks have been largely exaggerated or made up entirely during the past hysteria which clouded the drug in the twentieth century. It is entirely in the hands of the citizens and more importantly these readers to take action and reverse prohibition. From the study done at DU it is clear that the nation favors legalization but the government is not reflecting the opinions of its people which is unfortunate. Therefore the movement for legal marijuana needs to be pushed harder and more people need to be educated. With the right amount of pressure the government cannot ignore its citizens forever.

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Works Cited "Alcohol Linked to 75,000 U.S. Deaths a Year." Msnbc.com. N.p., 25 June 2005. Web. 01 May 2014. <http://www.nbcnews.com/id/6089353/ns/health-addictions/t/alcohol-linked-usdeaths-year/#.U2LFkBbZzyo>. Baum, Dan. Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure. Boston: Little, Brown, 1996. Print. Blake, David, and Jack Finlaw. "Marijuana Legalization in Colorado: Lessons Learned." HeinOnline. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2015. Chemerinsky, Erwin. "Cooperative Federalism and Marijuana Regulation." Ed. Jolene Forman, Allen Hopper, and Sam Kamin. HeinOnline. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2015. Earleywine, Mitchell. Understanding Marijuana: A New Look at the Scientific Evidence. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2002. Print. Eckberg, Douglas, and Richard Sutch, eds. "Crime and Victimization of Marijuana." HSUS Cambridge. N.p., 2006. Web. 7 Apr. 2015. Fine, Doug. Too High to Fail: Cannabis and the New Green Economic Revolution. New York, NY: Gotham, 2012. Print. Gottfried, Ted. The Facts about Marijuana. New York: Benchmark, 2005. Print. Information Plus Reference. "Antidrug Efforts and Their Criticisms." Gale, n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2015. Information Plus Reference. "Drug Crimes." Gale, n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2015. Lyman, Rick. "Pivotal Point Is Seen on Legalizing Marijuana." New York Times 27 Feb. 2014: A1(L). The New York Times. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. Malivert, Roland, and Joshua C. Hall. "The Effect of Medical Marijuana Laws on Extralegal Marijuana Prices."Atlantic Economic Journal Dec. 2013: 455+. Expanded Academic ASAP. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. "Marijuana Legalization and Regulation." Drug Policy Alliance. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2014. <http://www.drugpolicy.org/marijuana-legalization-and-regulation>. "Marijuana Resource Center." The White House. The White House, n.d. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/ondcp/marijuanainfo/>.

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Petersen, Robert C. Marijuana Research Findings, 1980. Rockville, MD: Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Division of Research, 1980. Print. Room, Robin. "Alcohol and Other Drugs in a Public Health Context." Business and Industry. Gale, n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2015. Terkel, Susan Neiburg. Should Drugs Be Legalized? New York: F. Watts, 1990. Print. "Washington: a First for Legal Marijuana." New York Times 6 Mar. 2014: A17(L). The New York Times. Web. 24 Mar. 2014

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