PANDEMIC HISTORY

Past-pandemics influences the subsequent design of spaces and the use of building materials.

Pandemics

Bubonic Plague 14th Century

- Clearing of cramped living - Larger public spaces with less clutter

Planning outcomes

Spatial design implications

- Radical urban improvements of Renaissance - Expanding city borders

While pandemics have always been part of history, they are now part of the present. Architecture needs to adapt during periods of pandemics to improve resilience and create healthier cities (Anderton, 2020; Chang, 2020).

Yellow Fever 18th Century Cholera & Smallpox 19th Century Tuberculosis, Polio, Spanish Flu 20th Century

- Broad boulevards (Paris) - Improvement on water and sewerage systems (London)

- New water and sewerage systems below ground - Implementation of indoor plumbing - Prompted urban planning - Tenement reform - Separation of residential and industrial areas - Open-plan building

- Better waste management - Single-use zoning - Cleaner surfaces - Buildings with ample exposure to sunlight and air - Terraces and balconies