6 CONCLUSION

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two cyborgs working in the anti-terrorist government unit in New Port City in Japan, who are thrust into 2029.

Thus, the viewer plunges into a world where the city, expanding vertically, seems to swallow up the few traditional wooden houses that had managed to survive, and where the residents seem to be submerged in the immensity of the metropolis, the constant stream of information, and the surrounding noise. This impression is accentuated by the film sets, designed by the film’s artistic director Hiromasa Ogura.

Hong Kong as a main source of inspiration

In Ghost in the Shell, he wished to combine two distinct universes but in such a way that they would intermesh perfectly on screen: an existing city and an imaginary city. Hong Kong and particularly Kowloon Walled City were the ‘real’ inspiration for the film. Thus, the artistic director visited the city-state several times to photograph this citadel, a city within the city, where the black market was king, prior to its demolition in 1994. For the imaginary city, illustrator Takashi Watabe created the futuristic urban environment in its entirety. The two were then combined in sketches before being laid out prior to filming, in a coherent universe.

All the sets and backdrops for Ghost in the Shell were created entirely by hand as technical drawings or watercolours, allowing for greater attention to detail. The film has become a global reference in Japanese pop culture, and was adapted into an action film in 2017 by Rupert Sanders, starring Scarlett Johansson and Takeshi Kitano.

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Figure 69 : Shirow Masamune, Kodansha, Bandai Visual, Manga Entertainment, Kodansha, IG and ITNDDTD.

Figure 68 : Shirow Masamune, Kodansha, Bandai Visual, Manga Entertainment, Kodansha, IG and ITNDDTD.