Preservation_as_transformation_buffer_of_LocalStreetNeighbourhood by JaiYSY

ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO MASTER YEAR 2013-2015

Preservation as Transformation Buffer of Local Street Neighbourhood New Preservation Strategy in Hong Kong by Learning from the East & West MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE STUDIO : REDESIGN STUDIO MASTER: SECOND ADVISOR:

GUNNAR HARTMANN PETER RUGE

STUDENT:

YIP SHUK YAN

ABSTRACT Throughout the cases in Europe and Asia, all preservation method is case by case. Thus, no single method is the unique solution for all cases. In Europe, it mainly let the architecture frozen in the time. However, in Japan, it suggests that the physical massing can be the projection of the skills. Preservation of skills and ideas can be also experienced while demolishing the physical building. Thus, in Hong Kong also seeks for its unique strategy in preservation. A preservation strategy should be as a buffer for prevent the economic development overtake the local neighbourhood. It can balance the city change and keeping culture. The street lives as the local culture should keep while Hong Kong is changing. A complete system has to consider while the buildings are demolishing and constructing. It includes the relocating the livelihood within the area, improve the living environment and maintains the economic activities from preventing the conflicts between city development and culture change. It is the idea of Preservation transformation in Hong Kong.

CONTENT Introduction Chapter 1: Challenge in Preservation in Hong Kong Chapter 2: Study on Preservation 2.1 Preservation from 19th century to Rem Koolhaasâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s argument 2.2 Brief history and definition in renovation 2.3 Examples in West and East Chapter 3: Site analysis 3.1 The City Brief Background of Hong Kong 3.2 The Area Local culture in Sham Shui Po 3.3 The Street and shophouse(Tonglau) Characters 3.4 The Locals Residents/Local data

14 16 22

47 44 62 76

Chapter 4: Preservation Stragety The Perspective of preserved transforming of The City, The Area, The Street and shophouse

Reference

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INTRODUCTION

Yip Shuk Yan, Jai

Metabolic rate of a city and materials, the tangible and intangible values of a building determine the life cycle of a building. The building material is the physical restriction and the change of the city is the cultural restriction. How can we keep our building while facing these changes? What we can keep while keeping the buildings? While a building is being kept, there are values implied in the building. Some are tangible values for instance they are important in the sense of building elements and location. Some are intangible values for instance they are important in the cultural sense rather than the physical building mass. However, it is difficult but important in keeping culture of a place. In Hong Kong, a city with about 150 years, developed from a fish village to a financial world city in the 20th century. The development of the city is fast. The change of the city is also too fast but the change of the culture is slow. The neighbourhood and living style of locals always face a sudden change brought by the economical trend. Thus, keeping its culture and intangible values become problematic. In the following, in order to seek for a balance between city rapid development and local culture preservation, we are looking at examples in different cultures, the development of the preservation in history, metabolic rate of city and materials and the preservation methods inspired by Japan and the west. Thus, we can conclude a new perspective and I am going to introduce a new strategy of preservation in Hong Kong.

Problems in Preservation in Hong Kong In 2013, the population density of Hong Kong reaches 6,650 persons per kilo meter. It is one of the densest cities. The land price is also one of the highest cities. No matter new developments, residential and greenery all struggle for land. The evaluation of keeping the building is basically use â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;timeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; as the main factor. Preservation methods and function of the building are mainly driven by economical force. As a result, change of use and revitalization become the main strategy for preservation. Although there is a government depart-

ment for estimating and assessing for the values of heritage, there are still many cases of fail keeping building values, loss of neighbourhood and even loss of locality of historical buildings. Are these strategies are sufficient for preservation? What is preservation?

“considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are insignificant and transient and therefore need to be demolished to facilitate the growth and development of mankind as a whole…”

Is keeping the physical building is the only way for preservation? Is it possible that demolish some of Preservation from 18th century to Rem Koolhaas the buildings can still preserve the values we can Preservation and restoration firstly started in pass? France. In 18th century, after the French Revolution and the reign of Napolean, the government Buildings and Layers of city sought ways to restore the nationalism by creating While we are looking at the buildings in the city as the national memory. In the 19th century, there organisms, they are keep changing and growing. were two main streams of thinking developed Buildings have their metabolic system and life cyctowards preservation. John Ruskin in 1849 who le. They are being built, dilapidated, abandoned believed that the „age“ of a building was crucially and destroyed. Some of them are short and fast aspect in its preservation. „For, indeed, the grea- since they cannot adapt to change and not match test glory of a building is not in its stones, not in its with the city changes. When we further undergold. Its glory is in its Age, … ”, Thus, he believed in stand a city as “The Order of Civilization”, they are keeping the authentic and original of buildings. He layers: Fashion, Commerce, Infrastructure, Goversuggested historic buildings and structures should nance, Culture and Nature. They change from not be “preserved or restored”. As he believed in fastest to slowest in different rates due to their preservation should start with maintenance rather own nature and reaction towards the changes or than restored the building at one period. shocks. Furthermore, according to “How buildings learn” , there are also describing the relationship Conversely, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc suggested for between different components. “…ecosystem is o restoration in 1855. He believed in a condition that bserving the rates of change of different compomight never have been actually existed as long as nents. The dynamics of the system will be dominait was coherent with the true nature of the buil- ted by the slow components, with the rapid comding. “Restoration: Both the word and the thing ponents simply following along…Slow constraints are modern. To restore an edifice means neither quick, slow controls quick...” Our city is deeply to maintain it, nor to repair it, nor to rebuild it; it affecting by all these time components. The life means to re-establish it in a finished state, which cycle of buildings heavily depends on its nature in may in fact have never existed at any given time.” which type of components. The slow components He believed in building should highlight the best are the most stable and affect our culture most. representative of each period to maintain the Those slow components form the nowadays world history and feeling of the building. Historical buil- and also affect the thoughts towards the keeping dings should have new uses. of buildings. When the slow components such as the culture layer cannot constraint the quick Their thoughts spread in Europe, England and change components, the city is imbalance. The even to the United States. In Europe, mostly of culture and tradition cannot build up and pass to the historical buildings were being maintenance the next generation. People lose their sense of and renovated in order to extent the building life. identity and lack of cultural base. They are easily affected by quick change components In 2010, Rem Koolhaas raised a problem that “nearly 12% of the planet is currently marked as ‘pre- In the West: Importance of values change with served’, continuing to cordon off greater areas as time ‘off-limits’ at an alarming fast rate….. today, pre- In European history, owning to the development servation does not quite know what to do with its of architecture and technology, buildings have new found empire.” different important values. Those values change with time also. Those values can be importance Yip Shuk Yan, Jai HONG KONG 5

for the social aspect as buildings mark the history of people and is important to the neighbourhood. The building can be the market place and gathering place. They are part of living of locals. While the locals go there as the habit, the building contains the memory and history of people. The building becomes the landmark of the city. It is social and economically important. The building elements are also economically important after years. In contrast, the craftsmanship which is the intangible values and the building represents a though are culturally important. Building is also valuable in political when it represents a symbol for an event. After the Industrial Revolution and start of Modernism, the values of historical building are mainly for representing an idea and thinking. The importance of craftsmanship reduced greatly. The locality importance as the part of local neighbourhood and landmark of a building reduced also due to the invention of 3-D printer. The reduction importance of craftsmanship also reduces the importance of building elements. However, no matter of the changing of city and time, the importance of a building record the history of locals and symbolic of an event do not change. The longer the building stands the more values it gains from people memory. Preservation is important in the sense of keeping record of people in both tangible and intangible ways. It helps passing the knowledge from previous to next and next generations. In the East: Ise Jingu Grand Shrine Owning to the idea of passing the construction technique to the next generation, there is a tradition for shifting and rebuilds the shrines in Japan. Shrine is a holy sacred place for the Japanese temple and it is the home for the Japanese God. The Shikinen Sengu Ceremony is the event for shifting the Gods. There are 8 Shrines having the Sengu Ceremony. Ise Jingu is one of the Japanese temples shifting in every 20 years. It even totally rebuilds and over 1,600 pieces of treasures inside are being re-produced. Ise Jingu locates at the south-east of Kyoto for worshipping both Gods of good harvest and the God protecting the Emperor. Ise Jingu Grand Shrine takes 8 years for preparation including preparation the materials to build, passing the knowledge and techniques 6

of the special building method, making treasures, procedures of the events, and over 1,200 people involve in every Shikinen Sengu. The Shikinen Sengu can consider as a complete system. It repeats the construction in order to pass the techniques of craftsmanship to the next generation. It is not only a big ceremony but the whole event involves to different layers of the city. It is in deep roof of Japanese culture and affecting the nature.

Background of Hong Kong Hong Kong was ruled by Britain for about 100 years. Before that Hong Kong was only a fish village and kept some old villages and forts. During the colonial rule, the architectural style linked with the western world. In the 20th century, the contemporary style and high rises are the main character. Now Hong Kong has the most number of skyscrapers. During the colonial rule, Hong Kong people developed a flexible and mixed culture. The economic growth dominates the development of Hong Kong. The struggling for livelihood is the first priority of locals. The importance of keeping local culture always ranks as the lowest priority.

Metabolic rate of city and materials Building life cycle depends on the change of the city which is the cultural restriction and its material which is the physical restriction. When we look at the United Kingdom, the metabolic rate which the year how often the city being renewed or reconstructed is about 132 years. United States is about 74 years. However, in Tokyo is only about 26 years. It is only about 1/3 of United States and 1/5 of United Kingdom. For the European cities, they seldom re-construct except destroy from the war. These facts also illustrate the speed of infrastructure, governance and culture change. This also explains the reason of the city seem frozen in the time and only change slowly. That also the reason of the preservation method for all the European cities are mainly restore, renovate and maintenance. However, the change is more dramatic in Tokyo by comparison. Surprisingly, the preservation method in Japanese is rebuilding some of important shrines for example Ise Jingu Grand Shrine as mentioned. The way they do is same as the building is frozen by time although it is opposite thinking to the western. They keep repeating the building cycle.

The metabolic rate of materials is the life span of the materials. It is no surprised that stone has the longest life span. The life span of wood is more or less same as the one United States city and a person. However, it is not can last for one generation without rebuild. In Iran, the building built by mud. While some historical building needs to keep its form, the government even put concrete into the timber column and use the timber as the surface cover. Physically for frozen a building does not allow. Preservation transforms In short, the problem is not to only demolish, but also transforming the concept of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;preservedâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. What and how we preserve the things are valuable for the social and cultural. Preservation of old buildings is necessary in keeping the physical building mass in order to pass the knowledge, history and culture practice to next generation. However, preservation should not only let the building frozen in the time. The usage of a building is activing the building and let it alive. The active building is valuable to the people. It comes to a problem that how preservation can transform or move on in the future. A new strategy of preservation in Hong Kong From the local culture form Hong Kong to focus on Sham Shui Po. Sham Shui Po is an old district reflecting the living mode in previous half century. The renewal development starts to invade over the city. Although the city keeps changing, the living mode does not change much. The neighbourhood and collective memory are important and valuable for the local. Facing the vanishing of previous living environment and the rapid development of city, what objects should be preserved to keep the cultural values and what is another view for preservation? In the following thesis, proposing rebuild some blocks in Sham Shui Po. On the one hand, the scheme is to keep some of the building details and including the original functions such as allow the existing number of residents and commercial activities i.e. shops. On another hand, it also introduces the on-going progammes. To suggest that changing and on-going demolish and building of different setting and progammes are preservation in Hong Kong.

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01: Challenges in Preservation in Hong Kong in Hong Kong, the culture is mixed with eastern and western. The city evolving speed, increasing density and way of local people living is much faster than the culture change.

Position of preservation should be keeping the culture on one side and catching up with the city change on another side.

case 01:

New function for murray house

impact: lose site content The building is been moved to another place.

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case 02:

Renewal of lee tung street (wedding card street) project

impact: lose neighbourhood The rent increased. The orginial shops cannot survive.

case 03:

Misuse of historical building (in mongkok)

impact: lose in historical value The structure and and the use is not related. Cannot recogize for the historical values

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Is necessary of keeping the historical buildings while the historical values all lost ? What is the attitude towards preservation can keeping the culture in Hong Kong? What is preservation?

Cross-Harbour Swimming competition, become part of the history and our daily custom, it stopped from 1978 to 2010 due to servious water pollution in Victoria Harbour. It resumed in 2011.

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02: Study on Preservation 2.1 Preservation from 19th century to Rem Koolhaas‘s argument Rem Koolhaas raised a problem that “in 1972, a UN convention on the protection of cultural and natural heritage set out the criteria of heritage selection which we still abide to today.nearly 12% of the planet is currently marked as ‘preserved’, continuing to cordon off greater areas as ‘off-limits’ at an alarming fast rate….. today, preservation does not quite know what to do with its new found empire.” “considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are insignificant and transient and therefore need to be demolished to facilitate the growth and development of mankind as a whole... …”

In 2010‘s Venice architecture biennale, Rem Koolhaas aroused the argument about preservation. He tried to identify some buildings can be demolish. Not all the heritage is worth to preserve in the situation it is. Hong Kong is also facing the dilemma of development and keeping heritage. Hong Kong is a highly capitalized city and its preservation method is not comprehensive and neglecting the values of historical buildings causing failures in preserving the site context, content of the building and use wrong concept to rebuild. However, before making choice between demolishing and keeping, let us understand what is preservation of buildings.

‘CRONOCAOS’ exhibit for 2010 Venice architecture biennale Yip Shuk Yan, Jai HONG KONG 15

02: Study on Preservation 2.2 Brief history of preservation

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‘CRONOCAOS’ exhibit for 2010 Venice architecture biennale

Historical building changes in use due to historical incidents such as war, change in government and etc. The building is being destory and re-build on the same location. As the time goes by, the location of the building is especially important for the people. It becomes part of the hisotry and memory of people. Thus, people keep re-build for the same building. The building changes throughout the time.

Â change of Berlin Parliament

On the contrast, House in Bordeaux became monument in 2002 after Ram Koolhaas got the Prize in 2001. A modern building is frozen and kept even as the owner changes to the son. The needs are different but the owner cannot change building .

House in wBordeaux cannot change building mass by the owner as it became a monument in 2002.

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Buildings and Layers of city While we are looking at the buildings in the city as organisms, they are keep changing and growing. Buildings have their metabolic system and life cycle. They are being built, dilapidated, abandoned and destroyed. Some of them are short and fast since they cannot adapt to change and not match with the city changes. When we further understand a city as “The Order of Civilization”, they are layers: Fashion, Commerce, Infrastructure, Governance, Culture and Nature. They change from fastest to slowest in different rates due to their own nature and reaction towards the changes or shocks. Furthermore, according to “How buildings learn” , there are also describing the relationship between different components. “…ecosystem is observing the rates of change of different components. The dynamics of the system will be dominated by the slow components, with the rapid components simply following along…Slow constraints quick, slow controls quick...”

Our city is deeply affecting by all these time components. The life cycle of buildings heavily depends on its nature in which type of components. The slow components are the most stable and affect our culture most. Those slow components form the nowadays world and also affect the thoughts towards the keeping of buildings. When the slow components such as the culture layer cannot constraint the quick change components, the city is imbalance. The culture and tradition cannot build up and pass to the next generation. People lose their sense of identity and lack of cultural base. They are easily affected by quick change components and lack of consideration for the future. Cities lose their unique. Finally, this type of growth of city is harmful to all mankind.

02: Study on Preservation 2.2 Definition in renovation A general concept was drawn up for the renovation, which is summarized in the “historical monument preservation objectives”. This defined the guidelines. Planning the renovation required an explanation of the terminology. It follows Mörsch, Georg: Aufegkälrter Winderstand, Basel, Boston, Berlin,1989 & Petzet, Michael: Grundsätze der Denkmalpflege, ICOMOS leaflets of the German National Committee, Munich 1992 The diagram is the interpretation of renovation in term of the time extension of building and the percentage of new use.

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02: Study on Preservation 2.3 Examples in West No matter of the changing of city and time, the importance of a building record the history of locals and symbolic of an event do not change. The longer the building stands the more values it gains from people memory. Preservation is important in the sense of keeping record of people in both tangible and intangible ways. It helps passing the knowledge from previous to next and next generations

Suggested reasons for keeping the historical buildings through analysis, they all have different important factories. Those factories change with the time. Each historical building reflects its own spirit of time.

By looking at different cases, it is found that political reason is more determined for the use and condition for a historical building in Europe.

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Asia

Comparsion of determinable factor in preservation in Asia and Europe

Europe Yip Shuk Yan, Jai HONG KONG 25

In European history, owning to the development of architecture and technology, buildings have different important values. Those values change with time also. Those values can be importance for the social aspect as buildings mark the history of people and is important to the neighbourhood. The building can be the market place and gathering place. They are part of living of locals. While the locals go there as the habit, the building contains the memory and history of people. The building becomes the landmark of the city. It is social and economically important. The building elements are also economically important after years. In contrast, the

craftsmanship which is the intangible values and the building represents a though are culturally important. Building is also valuable in political when it represents a symbol for an event. After the Industrial Revolution and start of Modernism, the values of historical building are mainly for representing an idea and thinking. The importance of craftsmanship reduced greatly. The locality importance as the part of local neighbourhood and landmark of a building reduced also due to the invention of 3-D printer. The reduction importance of craftsmanship also reduces the importance of building elements.

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The metabolic rate of materials is the life span of the materials. Stone has the longest life span. The life span of wood is more or less same as the one United States city and a person. However, it cannot last for one generation without rebuild. In Iran, the building built by mud. While some historical building needs to keep its form, the government even put concrete into the timber column and use the timber as the surface cover. Physically for frozen a building does not allow.

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Asia

Comparsion of some historical building cycle in Asia and Europe

Europe Yip Shuk Yan, Jai HONG KONG 31

>> >>

In the West, most of the historical buildings are built by stone and they seldom demolish the building. In most case, the buildings are destroyed by wars. On the contrary, in the East, buildings are demolished due to economic development. Preservation culture is over take by economic development. Thus, the locals are trying hard to preserve, even forming self- organization. Methods of preserve a building including turning the building as tourist spot, museum, adding new functions, etc. Every historical building has its own way to preserve depending what is the most important thing to preserve. Thus, no a single solution for the building all depends on the culture background, technique and economic values. But one thing is sure that, historical building should be partial kept physically to show the aging of time. It reminds the existence of history.

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02: Study on Preservation 2.3 Example in Japan Shrine is a holy sacred place for the Japanese temple and it is the home for the Japanese God. The Shikinen Sengu Ceremony is the event for shifting the Gods. There are 8 Shrines having the Sengu Ceremony. Ise Jingu is one of the Japanese temples shifting in every 20 years. It even totally rebuilds and over 1,600 pieces of treasures inside are being re-produced.

Ise Jingu, the setting, the surrounding and the atmosphere

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Schedule of Shikinen SengĹŤ (Ise Jingu)

Shikinen SengĹŤ, shifting of Ise Grand Shrine

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Influence of Shikinen SengĹŤ

entrance of Ise Grand Shrine looks same of old and new Yip Shuk Yan, Jai HONG KONG 41

The last ceremony of the Shikinen SengĹŤ is burning the original shrine. All the physical part will be burnt but the skills, techniques and ideas all passed to the new generation. The Shikine SengĹŤ is a complete system influening different aspects including the nature and people and continue in the future. This practice is supported by government, economy and the locals.

burning of Ise Grand Shrine

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conclusion western is concerned about original physical elements no matter of frozen the building condition, maintenance or renovation or new use added. However, to the Japanese, even the original physical building is demolished, techniques are still there. The intangible thing kept is more important for them. Through learning different strategies of all those cases, we can reference and re-thinking the existing preservation strategy in Hong Kong. What are the most important thing should Hong Kong be kept?

Comparsions to Japanâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s Shikinen SengĹŤ

Comparsions of Hong Kong, West and Japan

Conclusion most of cases political is the main reason for historical building preservation, case as the Roman theater in Spain and Murray House in Hong Kong are the economical determinable. But historical buildings as one of tourist attraction point. The cultural value is easy to lose. The historical building becomes

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;artificialâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; extension of its life. Case such as Master house, it is preserved as it is under UNESCO protection. Thus, political supporting becomes important. Suggesting strategy fulfills the economic needs and proposal to government become more feasible in protecting historical buildings.

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03: Site analysis 3.1 The City Brief Background of Hong Kong Hong Kong was ruled by Britain for about 100 years. Before that Hong Kong was only a fish village and kept some old villages and forts. During the colonial rule, the architectural style linked with the western world. In the 20th century, the contemporary style and high rises are the main character. Now Hong Kong has the most number of skyscrapers. During the colonial rule, Hong Kong people developed a flexible and mixed culture. The economic growth dominates the development of Hong Kong. The struggling for livelihood is the first priority of locals. The importance of keeping local culture always ranks as the lowest priority.

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“The City“ Hong Kong

Impression of Hong Kong

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In Hong Kong, economical consideration is the most determined factor for all the uses.

Actually, there are many local culture is underneath. The life and livelihood built up memories and history. They are always intangible but reflected by custom and living patterns. However, while the economical factor get rid of all other factor, our culture is vanishing. 50

Concept of preservation Stragety in Hong Kong

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Transforming of local culture

Development and Transformation of Street Food Stall

Development and Transformation of Cha Chaan Teng (Local tea restaurant) 52

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03: Site analysis 3.2 The Area Local culture in Sham Shui Po Sham Shui Po is an old district reflecting the living mode in previous half century. Locals lived in small flats and most of the time is spread on the street since 1960â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s. Street became part of their living. Street is the place for them to chat, to gather and get daily goods. Neighbourhood and communal life are built up. The renewal development starts to invade over the city recent decade. Although the city keeps changing, the living mode does not change much. The neighbourhood and collective memory are important and valuable for the local. Facing the vanishing of previous living environment and the rapid development of city, what objects should be preserved to keep the cultural values and what is another view for preservation?

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“The Area“ District Characteristics of Sham Shui Po

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“The Area“ Land use distribution of Sham Shui Po

Site

people activities by sit observation

data by http://www.centamap.com/ and site observation

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Shun Hing Restaurant (Chinese tea hiouse restaurant opens since 1936)

Pei Ho Street Sports Centre (government complex)

Shophouse eleveation along Ki Lung Street (opposite to the Pei Ho Street Sports Centre)

Important elements of the site

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03: Site analysis 3.3 The Street and shophouse(Tonglau) Characters Definition: Tong Lau is used to describe tenement buildings Designed for both residential and commercial uses, they are similar in style and function to the shophouses. Rooms on the upper floors were divided into smaller rooms and sublet as units by owners. Spirit of time : Those residential blocks are built in around 50-55 years ago. While at that time after WWII, the requirement of residential concern on fast set-up and functional. For material, basically concern in is simple and economical, thus, use concrete and paint for external. Paint and mosaic floor use in internal. Those buildings are interesting with tenants shaping and privatizing the building which add characters. Furthermore, the double layers of streets and neighbourehood create diversification to the local life.

Highly dense of people, streets are congested and crowded. At the same time, signage boards as part of street life are adding up characters. 62

Sham Shui Po in 1960â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s

Night market in Sham Shui Po , at 2012

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“The Street“ Surrounding Street atmoshpere

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Double layer of economic activities Zoom-in gorund floor street

Stall operation throughout a day

Still & lasting

Still but Transient

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“The Shophouse (Tonglau)“ along the street (partial)

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Different use of two layer of economical activities

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Side elevation of the Shophouse

How preservation can adapt changes including the physical change in city environment, cultural and social changes in losing craftsmanship and rise in technology? While there are changes, how preservation transforms?

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in 1960

in 2011

What is still there?

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03: Site analysis 3.4 The locals Residents/local data

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In Sham Shui Po, the proportion of elderly is high. Most of the residents only have the secondary school education level and most of them are employee. It is one of the poorest districts in Hong Kong by comparison. Thus, the elder residents seek for place for hang out and spend their time. They prefer to gather on the street and are sometimes gambling. Some residents also prefer to seek for more job opportunities. 78

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04: Preservation Stragety The Prospective of preserved transforming of The City, The Area, The Street and shophouse transforming the concept of ‘preserved’. What and how we preserve the things are valuable for the social and cultural. Preservation of old buildings is necessary in keeping the physical building mass in order to pass the knowledge, history and culture practice to next generation. ‘preservation should not only let the building frozen in the time. The usage of a building is activing the building and let it alive. The active building is valuable to the people. It comes to a problem that how preservation can transform or move on in the future. ‘

Local food stalls taking up part of the street space and become part of the street characters.

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At present (2015) Mainly shop houses and start to have some high towers.

In the near future, redevelopment continues through out the area. Some blocks along main roads start to redevelop first and spread. More and more tall tower till 30-40 floors start to occupy the area. (according to book: Sham Shui Po Story__108 locals interview (chinese only) of comments and observation from locals)

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Change in life stages

Change in needs of space

Grouping of space

Usable Duration of unit

Materials 86

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04: The Stragety rebuild some blocks in Sham Shui Po. On the one hand, the scheme is to keep some of the building details and including the original functions such as allow the existing number of residents and commercial activities i.e. shops. On another hand, it also introduces the on-going progammes. To suggest that changing and on-going demolish and building of different setting and progammes are preservation in Hong Kong... ...

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Development sequence within the site

Stage 01

Preparation of demolition to move the residents

Stage 02

Demolish one part to constructe quick temporary house by wood temporary house for 3 years only to let some residents move back

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Stage 03

Continue demolition continue to constructe quick temporary house to let more residents move back start constructe the ground floor shop

Stage 04

Finish demolition continue to constructe quick temporary house to let more residents move back finish constructe the ground floor shop continue to constructe the upper floors

Stage 05

Finish construction Original residents move back More locals can move in the number of unit increases encourage new economic activities

Stage 06

Demolish temporary houses free up more open space

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Considering demolish as the same time is preserving... ... Considering concept of preservation is transforming and evolving in our daily life... ... Imaging life is going on, our neighbourhood goes on, our culture is passing by, preservation is not only government policy, but something affects every one... ...

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2015 Existing at the present

Plan 1:1000

Renovation and Change use

Things to keep

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2020 Phase 1 for redevelpoment

100

Plan 1:1000

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Phase 1 Zoom-in of new addition functions

Bath and shower area as extension of communal area

New mobile stalls area as extension of existing commercial area; to increase market place; free for skill-less individiuals for livelihood 102

Temporary housing for the original residents

studio flats and small units in new build residential blocks

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2025 Phase 2 for redevelpoment

104

Plan 1:1000

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Phrase 2 Zoom-in of new addition functions

Tree and greenery

106 Fixed stalls for more commerical activities

studio flats and small units in new build residential blocks

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2035 Phase 3 for redevelpoment

108

Plan 1:1000

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2045 Phase 4 for redevelpoment

110

Plan 1:1000

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2055 Phase 5 for redevelpoment

112

Plan 1:1000

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Appendix I

Research Reference

Local newspaper Ming Pao http://www.mpfinance.com/htm/finance/20130626/news/ec_gma1.htm Local newspaper Apple Daily http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20071028/10347043 http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/first/20070110/6701702 http://www.zonaeuropa.com/20070110_1.htm http://www.oma.eu/projects/2010/venice-biennale-2010-cronocaos/ Venice Biennale 2010: Cronocaos, Italy, Venice, 2010 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8kvZQ5TfnfQ Clock of the Long Now Time_The Order of Civilization___Brand, Stewart Housing Design - A Manual (Structure, Skin, Scenery, Services) Modern architecture _a critical history Kenneth Frampton THE PRINCIPLES OF PRESERVATION: THE INFLUENCES OF VIOLLET, RUSKIN AND MORRIS ON HISTORIC PRESERVATION By MELANIE LYNN JACKSON Bachelor of Arts Southwestern Oklahoma State University Weatherford, OK 2004 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS May,2006 THE SEVEN LAMPS OF ARCHITECTURE__John Ruskin Case study Ali Qapu palace: http://islamic-arts.org/2012/safavid-palaces/ http://isfahan.ir/ShowPage.aspx?page_=form&order=show&lang=3&sub= 70&PageId=4578&codeV=1&tempname=iadim http://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/11/world/sagunto-journal-architectsthey-could-be-thrown-to-the-lions.html http://www.meisterhaeuser.de/en/house_walter_gropius.html http://www.oma.eu/projects/1998/maison-%C3%A0-bordeaux/

HERITAGE OR THEME PARK? SOME REFLECTIONS FROM PORTUGUESE EXPERIENCES Teresa Ferreira Centro de Estudos em Arquitectura e Urbanismo (CEAU) Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade do Porto teresacferreira@gmail.com whc.unesco.org/document/11651 Monument/Memory and the Mortality of Architecture ___Kurt W. Forster Reconstruction Giorgio Grassi___by Guillaume Paoli http://www.isejingu.or.jp/english/ http://www.isejingu.or.jp/english/maturi/maturi2.htm http://www.asahi.com/gallery/sengu_ise/ Hong Kong http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/supplement/culture/art/20120409/16229771 https://www.polyu.edu.hk/ppri/images/stories/ppri/cur_img/3/Documents/Housing_Rehabilitation.pdf http://www.teoalida.com/world/hongkongfloorplans/ http://www.soco.org.hk/117/bkg_2.htm http://www.academia.edu/7871838/Sham_Shui_Po_The_Centre_of_Poverty_in_Hong_Kong http://www.timeout.com.hk/media/fck/images/164/sham-shui-po-fabric-tour-1200x696.jpg http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr06-07/english/panels/ha/papers/ha0420cb2-1646-1-e.pdf SEE Network Ltd. founded in 2004. Under the support of the Sustainable Fund of HKSAR government, SEE Network published 4 free issues of SEE Magazine in 2004. http://www.project-see.net/wp-content/uploads/ssp_2011.pdf Sham Shui Po Story__108 locals interview 1 Published by the Information Services Department, Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government June 2014 Assessment of 1444 Historic Buildings

Appendix II Image Credit „Illustrating Hong Kong Historical Buildings 1841-1896“ ___9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_House ___9 http://www.mpfinance.com/htm/Content_PhotoDisplay.htm ___10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Tung_Street#/media/File:Lee_Tung_ Street.jpg___10 http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20071028/10347043 ___10 http://www.arch.cuhk.edu.hk/server1/course/21c5321/04_References/01_Lectures/WK06Contextualism.pdf ___11 http://hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/first/20070110/6701702 ___11 http://mrjam.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c00c753ef01a73d9eec3b970d-pi ___12,13 http://www.designboom.com/architecture/rem-koolhaas-oma-cronocaospreservation-tour-part-three/ (close-up panel) ___15,18, 19 bottom http://designboom.com/weblog/section.php?SECTION_ PK=&start=7704&num_record_tot=50000 ___19 up Brand, Stewart_Clock of the Long Now Time_The Order of Civilization ___20 http://www.isejingu.or.jp/english/sikinen/47b.htm ___35 http://www.isejingu.or.jp/english/sikinen/46b.htm http://www.isejingu.or.jp/english/sikinen/53b.htm http://www.isejingu.or.jp/english/index.htm ___36 http://www.kintetsu.co.jp/ise_toba_shima/shikinensengu/tips/img/ img_01.jpg ___36 http://livedoor.blogimg.jp/coleblog/imgs/d/c/dc11501f.jpg http://sobayoriudon.asablo.jp/blog/2010/10/ http://ext.pimg.tw/newdanger/1326787745-803628555_m.jpg http://www.entetsu.net/staffblog/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%A2%E7%A5%9E %E5%AE%AE.JPG http://www.isejingu.or.jp/english/index.htm ___38-39 http://kjyn3282.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ img_985672_17802498_0.jpg http://www.asahi.com/gallery/sengu_ise/20120904.html http://www.asahi.com/gallery/sengu_ise/20050603_2.html ___40 http://www.kankomie.or.jp/lsc/upfile/spot/29/37/2937_2_l.jpg http://hinodekanko.co.jp/images/Pic17-L_90l8BC83X837C83b83g83u838 D83b83N92C789C1_0-I_83X837C83b83g83C8381815B83W89E6919C81i 959D137px81j.jpg http://www.asahi.com/gallery/sengu_ise/20080214_2.html http://www.asahi.com/gallery/sengu_ise/20080214_1.html ___41 http://anaroguoyaji.cocolog-nifty.com/blog/images/2013/10/07/isejingubetugusenguu.jpg ___42-43 http://flatrock.org.nz/static/frontpage/assets/money_politics_law/ housing_estates.jpg

Kowloon, Hong Kong 1983 by photographer Georg Gerster ___49 http://photomichaelwolf.com/#hong-kong by photographer Michael Wolf, Architecture of Density ___50 up http://www.hkmemory.org/open-rice-city/text/index.php?p=home&catId=4 http://www.hkmemory.org/open-rice-city/text/index.php?p=home&catId=6&photoNo=0 by Hong Kong Memory (HKM) is a multi-media web site that gives free and open access to digitized materials on Hong Kong’s history, culture and heritage. The materials include text documents, photographs, posters, sound recordings, motion pictures and videos. HKM is Hong Kong’s response to UNESCO’s Memory of the World Programme which calls for the preservation of valuable archive holdings and library collections all over the world through digitization to guard against collective amnesia. ___52-53 https://bluebalu.files.wordpress.com/2014/08/lamyikfei-3.jpg by photographer Lam Yik Fei , Getty images ___54-55 http://www.sassyhongkong.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/122.jpg http://www.hongkonghustle.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/bead-store-sham-shui-po-hong-kong-hk. jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/HK_SSP_%E6%B7%B1%E6%B0%B4%E5%9F%97_ Sham_Shui_Po_%E6%A1%82%E6%9E%97%E8%A1%97_Kweilin_Street_%E9%B4%A8%E5%AF%AE%E8 %A1%97_Apliu_Street_Nov-2013_LED_lighting_for_sale.JPG http://mickeydustspeck.com/techblog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/IMG_20101118_183213.jpg http://www.ladiescirclehk.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Sham-Shui-Po-4.jpg https://thekoofamily.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/img_0300.jpg https://www.pinterest.com/pin/196258496230984834/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/simonleungxyz/9198911537 by photographer SImon Leung ___56-57 http://www.singpao.com/xw/gat/201304/t20130408_428231.html Local newspaper: Sing Pao ___60 up http://maps.google.com/ street view ___60 http://www.stefanirvine.photo/streetline-gallery/f9osvfo301icl0p7or5dh6001wv1sd by Stefan Irvine ___60 bottom http://www.huluhk.org/SSP/heritage.php?id=ssph&lang=en&img=ssph_p7.jpg ___63 up https://faguolong.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/night-market-web3.jpg___63 bottom https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikemikecat/14145306134/ by photographer Mike ___73 bottom http://baokun.blog.paowang.net/files/2011/09/20110927010036.jpg by photographer Zhao Xian algae ___73 up https://www.flickr.com/photos/old-hk/5922389133 ___74

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“considering that parts of the cultural or natural heritage are insignificant and transient and therefore need to be demolished to facilitate the growth and development of mankind as a whole... …” Rem Koolhaas

Cover Design and Master Layout Yip Shuk Yan, Jai